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[ BLD61303 ] Building Science II Project 2 : Integration Project ( Community Library )

Tutor : Mr. Azim Teo Kuo Chien 0320195

Table of contents 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Project Introduction 1.3 Rendered Sectional Perspectives 1.4 Floor Plans

2.0 Daylight Analysis

2.1 Site Daylight Factor Analysis 2.2 Space A (Buffering area) Daylight Analysis 2.3 Space B (Office) Daylight Analysis

3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis

3.1 Space A (Buffering area) Artificial lighting Analysis 3.1.1 Space A PSALI 3.2 Space B (Office) Artificial lighting Analysis 3.2.1 Space B PSALI

4.0 References

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives This project aim is to integrate student’s understanding of the principles of lighting into proposed community library the context of Medan Pasar. It encompass advanced daylighting systems and the integration of electrical lighting, and PSALI method as strategies for better lighting condition and produce architectural poetic qualities. Students are to show their understanding of their final design and to solve design problems in relation to sustainability issues which is natural lighting and site analysis.

1.2 Project Introduction My proposed community library is located at site B, which is at Jalan Hang Katsuri. The main concept of my library is “intermediate and interaction� which simple define as how the community interact within the library with the middle void that separate the building structure into both sides.

In the other way, the void serve as a light well to the whole building as it is void through the roof top level which allow natural daylight to penetrate through and provide partial natural darling to the interior. A 3D digital model is then built up to tested with daylighting, light contour and PSALI system with Sketchup Geo Location and light up analytic extension to ensure maximum efficiency of natural light and also balance of artificial light for comfort adhering on the Lux requirement of MS1525.

1.3 Rendered Sectional Perspective

Space A

Sectional Perspective 1-1’

Space B

Sectional Perspective 2-2’

1.4 Floor Plans

Space B - office

Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

Space B - office

Second Floor Plan

Third Floor Plan

Space A - Library space

Forth Floor Plan

2.0 Lighting Analysis 2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis Daylight factor id defined as the ratio of interior illuminance, Ei to available outdoor illuminance, E0 which is the unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance:

DF = Ei ( Indoor Illuminance ) x 100% E0 ( Outdoor Illuminance)

Zone

DF (%)

Distribution

Very Bright

>6

Large (including thermal and glare problem)

Bright

3-6

Good

Average

1-3

Fair

Dark

0-1

Poor

Figure 2.1.1 Daylight factors and distribution ( Department of standards Malaysia, 2007 )

The daylight factor concept is applicable only when the sky illuminance distribution is known or can reasonable be estimated. In this case study, the average outdoor illuminance in Malaysia is assumed according to the standard which is 20000 lux (refer to Table 2.1.2)

Luminance Level ( Lux )

Example

120,000

Brightest sunlight

110,000

Bright sunlight

20,000

Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday

1000-2000

Typical overcast day, midday

400

Sunrise/ sunset on clear day ( ambient illumination )

<200

Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

40

Fully overcast, sunrise/ sunset

<1

Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunrise/ sunset Figure 2.1.2 Daylight intensity at different condition.

2.1.1 Sun path Diagram for Library

Library Shadow Overlay Diagram

Diagram above shows the movement of the shadow of the library throughout the day.

2.2 Space A ( Buffering Space ) Daylight Analysis Front

Back

Front

Back

2.2.1 Space A Daylight Analysis

8 am morning sun

5 pm evening sun

Daylight Factor Daylight Factor Calculation Area of windows ( W, m2 )

L = 8m H=1.7m 8 x 1.7 = 13.6m

Total area of internal surface ( A, m2 )

Dimension of space L = 8m W = 3.2m H = 3m 2(8x3) + 2(3.2x3) + 2(8x3.2) =48 + 19.2 + 51.2 = 118.4m2

Glass transmittance corrected for dirt (T)

0.6( for double glazed window in clean environment )

Visible sky angle in degrees from centre of window (⌀)

50 ( no obstruction )

Average reflectance of area A (R)

0.4 ( not all light is reflected back into the space )

Average daylight factor

Average DF = w/a x T⌀/(1-R) Average DF = 13.6/118.4 x 0.6(50) / (1-0.4) Average DF =408/71.04 Average DF =5.74%

Daylight factor (DF)

DF = Ei/E0 x 100% 5.74 = (Ei/20000) x 100% Ei = 5.74 x 200 = 1148 Lux

Space A Daylight Analysis : The area of the buffering zone has a daylight factor of 5.74% and natural illuminance of 1148 lx.The lux value is higher near the entrance as it is facing the west. The library area receives high amount of daylight from 1pm to 5pm. 5.74% is categorised as good based on the requirement of MS1512. The buffering area is for relaxation and events which needs decent amount of light. With support from artificial light at the late evenings, this area will have a gentle lighting ambience for community gatherings.

2.3 Space B ( Office ) Daylight Analysis Back

Front

Back

Front

2.3.1 Space B Daylight Analysis

8 am morning sun

5 pm evening sun

Daylight Factor Daylight Factor Calculation Area of windows ( W, m2 )

L = 3m H=3.7m 3 x 3.7 = 11.1m

Total area of internal surface ( A, m2 )

Dimension of space L = 8m W = 7.6m H = 3.7m 2(8x7.6) + 2(7.6x3.7) + 2(8x3.7) =121.6 + 56.24 + 59.2 = 237.04m2

Glass transmittance corrected for dirt (T)

0.6( for double glazed window in clean environment )

Visible sky angle in degrees from centre of window (⌀)

50 ( no obstruction )

Average reflectance of area A (R)

0.4 ( not all light is reflected back into the space )

Average daylight factor

Average DF = w/a x T⌀/(1-R) Average DF = 11.1/237.04 x 0.6(50) / (1-0.4) Average DF =333/142.224 Average DF =2.34%

Daylight factor (DF)

DF = Ei/E0 x 100% 2.34 = (Ei/20000) x 100% Ei = 2.34 x 200 = 468 Lux

morning 8 a.m.

evening 5 p.m.

Space B Daylight Analysis : The office of the library has a daylight factor of 2.34% and natural illuminance of 468 lux. This is because the design space are meant to be enclose from the front as it is a more private space in the library which low amount of light from the back lane are allow to penetrate into the office space.

The office receives highest amount of daylight from 8am to 11am which are the back glass facade takes in most light as it is facing east. 2.34% is categorised as good based on the requirement of MS1512. The office lit brightly by natural light reduce screen glare from digital screens to the user and also warms up the cold electrical room in terms of architecture poetic quality.

3.0 Artificial Lighting Analysis Lumen Method Lumen method is used to calculate the light level in a room. It is a series of calculation that uses horizontal luminance criteria to establish a uniform luminance layout in a space. It can be calculated by deciding the total number of lumens available is a space by the area of the space. The calculation is below:

E = n x N x F x UF x LLF A Where, E

= Average Illuminance to cover the space

n

= Number of lamps of each luminaire

N

= Number of luminance

F

= Lighting design lumens per lamp i.e Initial bare lamp luminous

UF

= Utilization factor for the horizontal working plane

LLF

= Light loss factor

A

= Area of horizontal working plane

Lumen method can be also calculated and used to determine the number of lights should be installed on the site. To know the number of lamps, calculation of total luminance of the space need to be done based on the number of fixtures and examine the sufficiency of light fixtures on that particular space.

N=ExA F x UF x MF Where, N

= Number of lamps required

E

= Illuminance level required ( Lux )

A

= Area at working plane height ( m2 )

F

= Average luminous flux from each lamp ( lm )

UF

= Ultilization factor, and allowance for light distribution of the luminance and the room surfaces

MF

= Maintenance factor, an allowance for reduces light output because of deterioration and dirt

Room Index Room Indes, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working and luminaire planes, Which can be calculated by:

RI = L x W Hm x ( L+W )

Where, L

= Length of room

W

= Width of room

Hm

= Mounting height, the vertical distance between the working plane and the luminaire

Light Loss Factor Light loss factor is need to be considered when calculate Lumen Method. It is allowing forecasting the performance of the system over a given lifetime to meet the minimum light standard it helps minimise the reliability of system has been planned and designed for future operation. The calculation for light loss factor is as below:

LLF = LLD x LDD x ATF x HE x VE x BF x CD

Where, LLD

= Lamp lumen depreciation

LDD

= Luminaire dirt depreciation

ATF

= Ambient temperature effects

HE

= Heat extraction

VE

= Voltage effect

BF

=Driver and lamps factors

CD

= Component depreciation

3.1 Space A ( Buffering Area ) Artificial Lighting Analysis

Type of fixture

Tubular Fluorescent Light

Image of mixture

!

Size Type of luminous

85cm Warm Yellow

Luminous flux (lm)

2600

Power (W)

36W

Color temperature (K)

2900

Color rendering index

80

Average life rate (hours)

25000

Dimension of room (m)

L = 8m, W = 3.2m

Total floor area (m2)

25.6

Height of ceiling (m)

3

Tye of light fixture

Tubular Fluorescent Light

Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm)

2600

Height of luminaire (m)

2.9

Height of working planes (m)

0.8

Mounting Height (Hm)

2.9-0.8 = 2.1

Standard Illumination required according to MS15125 and JKR

100 ( waiting area )

Reflectance factor

Ceiling ( white plastered ceiling ) = 0.7 Wall ( White painted concrete blocks ) = 0.5 Floor ( Cement Floor ) = 0.3

Room index, RI (K)

RI=L x W Hm x (L+W) RI = 25.6/[2.1 x ( 8+3.2 ) ] = 1.09

Utilization factor, UF

0.48

Maintenance factor, MF

0.8

Number of fitting required, N

N=ExA Fx UFx MF N= (100 x 25.6 ) / ( 2600 x 0.5 x 0.8 ) = 2.5 =3

Spacing to height ratio, SHR

SHR = 1/Hm x â&#x2C6;&#x161;A/N =1/2.1 x â&#x2C6;&#x161; 25.6/3 =1.39 SHR = S/Hm 1.39 = S/2.1 S =2.919m

Fitting Layout

Fitting required along 8m wall, 8/2.919(m) =2 - 3 rows Spacing required for 8m wall, Smax = 2.9, spacing set to be 3m, first spacing to be 1/2(3) = 1.5 m Spacing required for 3.2m wall: Spacing R = 3.2/2 = 1.6m First Spacing 1/2 (1.6m) = 0.8m

3.1.1 Space A PSALI Method Light Fitting and Spacing Diagram 8m

1.5 m

3m

3m 0.8 m

1.6 m

0.8 m

Light Contour Diagram

3.2 m

Space A PSALI Section Diagram

Morning

Night

There are 6 light fitting in space A to achieve a minimum of 100 lux standard requirement by MS1525 and JKR for buffering area. The lights are separated into 2 switches,A and B to balance the intensity of light of the interior. During the day no light is switch on due to enough illuminance from the daylight. During night when there are no external source of light, all lights are turned on to achieve sufficient lighting for ambience and also activities like chatting or gathering with friends which does not required high intensity of light.

3.2 Space B ( Office ) Artificial Lighting Analysis

Type of fixture

Circular LED Downlight

Image of mixture

Size Type of luminous

30cm Warm White

Luminous flux (lm)

3000

Power (W)

30W

Color temperature (K)

3100

Color rendering index

80

Average life rate (hours)

31000

Dimension of room (m)

L = 8m, W = 7.6m

Total floor area (m2)

60.8

Height of ceiling (m)

3.7

Tye of light fixture

Circular LED Downlight

Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm)

3000

Height of luminaire (m)

3.7

Height of working planes (m)

0.8

Mounting Height (Hm)

3.7-0.8 = 2.9

Standard Illumination required according to MS15125 and JKR

500 ( Office with electrical task such as typing and using computer )

Reflectance factor

Ceiling ( white plastered ceiling ) = 0.7 Wall ( White painted concrete blocks ) = 0.5 Floor ( Cement Floor ) = 0.3

Room index, RI (K)

RI=L x W Hm x (L+W) RI = 60.8/[2.9 x ( 8+7.6 ) ] = 1.34

Utilization factor, UF

0.55

Maintenance factor, MF

0.8

Number of fitting required, N

N=ExA Fx UFx MF N= (500 x 60.8 ) / ( 3000 x 0.55 x 0.8 ) = 23

Spacing to height ratio, SHR

SHR = 1/Hm x â&#x2C6;&#x161;A/N =1/2.9 x â&#x2C6;&#x161; 60.8/23 =0.56 SHR = S/Hm 0.56 = S/2.9 S =1.624m

Fitting Layout

Fitting required along 8m wall, 8/1.624(m) =5 rows Spacing required for 8m wall, Smax = 1.6m, spacing set to be 2m, first spacing to be 1/2(2) = 1 m Spacing required for 7.6m wall: Spacing R = 7.6/5 = 1.52m First Spacing 1/2 (1.52m) = 0.76m

3.2.1 Space B PSALI Method Light Fitting and Spacing Diagram

8m

7.6 m

Light Contour Diagram

Space B PSALI Section Diagram

Morning

Night There are 20 lights fitting in space B to achieve a minimum of 500 lux standard requirement by MS 1525 and JKR for computer usage room. The lights are separated into 4 switches, A, B, C and D. only 60% of lights are turn on during day time due to the external daylight provided at the glass curtain wall. During the night all lights are turned on due to high requirement of lux value by MS 1525 as computer screen produced glare, the background artificial light is to reduce and suppress lights from the computer screen.

4.0 Reference A New & Better Way to Calculate Daylight. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2017, from https://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/6340/title/a-new-better-wayto-calculate-daylight Day light factor. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2017, from https:// sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/daylight-analysis-bim Donkin,W, & Donkin, A, (1870). Acoustic, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Ecotect. (n.d.). Retrieved December 09, 2017, from https:// sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/software/ecotect Reinhart, C. & Stein, R. Daylight handbook Templeton, C.(1995). Acoustic design. Butterworth, London.