THEE HOARDER HOARD next door
Clinic for Compulsive Hoarders and Exhibition
contents 03 BREIF prologue
53 concept 04
idea sketches conceptual drawing concept model
07 hackney wick tower hamlets industrial land past & present
08 11 13
17 stour space hackney wick site photograph site map existing plan
18 20 22 24
29 hoarders about hoarder hoarder analysis
30 48
54 58 60
65 design development brain storming program floor plan sketch design proposal visual angle analysis floor plan personal boundary circulation diagram axonometric atmospheric drawing atmospheric section detail drawing story board
66 68 70 74 80 82 86 88 93 95 103 106 112
BOUNDARIES – THE EDGE CONDITION Frontiers and Negotiated Territories
London is a city where the small and the intimate regularly confront the grandiose scale of its public persona, where the pressures of commerce often conflict with social needs. Extending the theme of boundaries that we examined last term, this module once again encounters the borders and edges between the existing and the new - remaining in the Lee Valley and its immediate neighbourhood where the magnitude and glamour of the Olympics, and the associated pragmatic regeneration is confronted by the complex social needs of both incoming populations, and long-term inhabitants and businesses.
parallax noun noun: parallax 1. the effect whereby the position or direction of an object appears to differ when viewed from different positions, e.g. through the viewfinder and the lens of a camera. "what you see in the viewfinder won't be quite what you get in the photograph because of parallax error" Origin late 16th century (also in the general sense ‘fact of seeing wrongly’): from French parallaxe, from Greek parallaxis ‘a change’, from parallassein ‘to alternate’, based on allassein ‘to exchange’ (from allos ‘other’). \ . \ \
03
PROLOGUE
Compulsive hoarders live in terrible conditions. These are people who have lost their homes and lives to hoarding. I want hoarders up and down the country to realize that they are not alone. Hoarding disorder has been recognised as distinct psychological condition since 2013. Despite the official recognition, hoarders are still living with the shame and secrecy of hoarding. According to the Institute of Psychiatry, up to three million people are suffering. It is approximately one in 20 people in the United Kingdom a hoarders, and there are only few places that they can turn for help. There is 87 years old Olive who has lives in the three bedroom semidetached council house in Brighton since 1933. Her home is so full that she is forced to spend most of her day outside. The inside of her house is full to the brim with thousands of plastic bags, old furniture, and clothes. And she thinks that she doesn’t hoard, she just keep stuff which will be used again. She cannot cook or use the bathroom home, so she gets her meals from the Community Centre where she also washes. She has never married nor had children, so she has no family to support her. She doesn’t want to show her place to anybody. She has lived in this house virtually all of her life, but now she is unable to access most of the rooms due to her hoarding. Each night she climbs the pile of her hoarding to get to bed. She has recycled since the war and has been in conflict with the authorities on it for decades. Her constant recycling is distracting her from clearing. The vast amount of recycling to sort through is mostly tins and packaging that she picks up from the street. Even she is doing recycling, she still want to keep, and it is the problem. With this problem, she is having depression and she wants some help now.
\ . \ \
05
HACKNEY WICK SITE RESEARCH
Hackney Wick, Hackney / Tower Hamlets
This hitherto run-down Leaside area, divided from the rest of Hackney by the East Cross Route, is presently exhibiting a flowering of cultural creativity
Olympic park stadium seen from Roach road in Hackney Wick
A ‘wick’ often signified an outlying dairy farm and the ‘ferm of Wyk’ was recorded in the 13th century. By the late 18th century the small hamlet had gained a silk factory and the Wick went on to play a distinguished role in east London’s industrial history. The use of the word ‘petrol’ was pioneered in Hackney Wick – by Carless, Capel and Leonard, who carried on their refining business here for over a hundred years from 1860. Among the district’s many other claims to industrial fame, Matchbox toys were made at Lesney’s factories, Clarnico (Clarke, Nickolls and Coombs) was the country’s largest confectioner and the Lion Works housed activities by the entrepreneur Achilles Serre, who introduced dry-cleaning to England. However, the growth of industry contributed to social decline in Hackney Wick, which was described in 1879 as a district of 6,000 people who had sunk to the lowest depths, and it became notorious for its jerry-built housing. The parish church of St Mary of Eton with St Augustine was founded in 1880 by Eton College, which wanted to perform charitable work in a poor part of London.
08
\ . \ \
From the 1930s the municipal authorities set about improving conditions in Hackney Wick, opening public baths and a library and clearing slums to put up blocks of flats, notably in the 1960s. Several eyesores built during that period have already been torn down: St Mary’s Village has replaced the tower blocks of the Trowbridge estate with a mixed tenure development of houses and flats. Hackney Wick did not gain its station (originally intended to be called Wallis Road) until 1980, when the North London line was reopened to passenger services, although it had earlier been served by a station at Victoria Park. The Olympic stadium seen from Hackney Wick station in early 2012 The Olympic stadium and ArcelorMittal Orbit seen from Hackney Wick station After a period of stagnation, several sites in Hackney Wick have recently been undergoing regeneration and the proximity of the Olympic Park has enhanced the locality’s appeal. Numerous artists and designers have set up studios here – and in neighbouring Fish Island – in old warehouses and disused industrial premises – and a canal-side centre for art, technology and sustainability called the White Building opened in 2012. It’s shown in the image at the top of this page. The Wick’s new-found cultural effervesence is showcased annually in an arts festival called Hackney WickED, which takes place over three days in August. Many homes in Hackney Wick are rented from a social landlord or from the council, and significant pockets of poverty persist in the locality. However, according to the Hackney Gazette, at least part of the Wick is now beginning to undergo ‘rampant gentrification’ – which is often the stage that follows the arrival of a creative community.
Postal district: E9 and E15 Population: 11,734 (Hackney’s Wick ward, 2011 census) Station: London Overground (Zone 2) Further reading: Vicki Cattell and Mel Evans, Neighbourhood Images in East London: Social Capital and Social Networks on Two East London Estates, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 1999
\ . \ \
09
z
k
z
s
Interiorities
10
\ . \ \
Industrial Land Hackney Wick is one of a limited number of areas in this part of London with a concentration of heavy and other industrial uses which include:
} FW^[TbP[T aTcPX[ caPSTb X]R[dSX]V motor repair) } Bc^aPVT P]S SXbcaXQdcX^]
aTR^V]XbTS cWPc cWTh PaT P[b^ UaT`dT]c[h ^U bcaPcTVXR X\_^acP]RT X] the wider local economy. Decline of industry in the area has also been compounded by the disruption aTbd[cX]V Ua^\ cWT aT[^RPcX^] ^U businesses formerly located on the Olympic site, the uncertainty of the Olympic period, and by underX]eTbc\T]c Qh TgXbcX]V X]SdbcaXP[ bXcT landowners with a view to potential redevelopment at a later date.
} ?dQ[XbWX]V P]S _aX]cX]V } FPbcT aTRhR[X]V } 2^]bcadRcX^] } 5^^S P]S QTeTaPVT _a^RTbbX]V
It is evident there is a decline in some of these traditional inner-urban X]SdbcaXTb bdRW Pb _aX]cX]V P]S \P]h ^U cWT aT\PX]X]V X]SdbcaXTb in Hackney Wick may be of low economic value but it should be
7^fTeTa cWT C^fTa 7P\[Tcb B_PcXP[ 4R^]^\h BcdSh bW^fb cWPc \P]h ^U cWT TgXbcX]V UXa\b fXcWX] 7PRZ]Th Wick are sustainable; they benefit Ua^\ V^^S caP]b_^ac [X]Zb P]S X] PSSXcX^] c^ cWT fPbcT P]S aTRhR[X]V industries that service the wider London area, there are firms that are part of the supply chains for the 2Xch P]S 2P]Pah FWPaU _a^eXSX]V bTaeXRTb ^a V^^Sb fXcW P bW^ac bWT[U life.
Industrial land use along the Hertford Union Canal \ . \ \
11
1750
The River Lea has always been a natural divide between (inner) London and the ancient Becontree hundred in the East. Subjected to Í?ooding, it was exempted from settlements for a long time. Only with the emerging Industrial Revolution and the use of the river and canal system as navigable waterways the Lower Lea Valley became a major centre of productivity. Ever since, the LLV has been shaped by a long history of industrial use. Industries such as sugar reÍŒning, printing ink manufacturing and building trades used to be the 4 main economic force in the area. The decline of manufacturing industries resulted in a great loss of jobs as these industries moved further away
12
\ . \ \
2010
to other parts of the country or were outsourced to other countries. The LLV as well as most of East London still suffers from a high unemployment rate and prevalence of social deprivation. The spatial quality of the area is very diverse from large industrial plots, derelict factories, postwar social highrise developments as well as low-rise housing communities. In this urban landscape, the different social and morphological territories form an heterogeneous urban fabric. Some abandoned areas and large monofunctional estates don’t seem to be part of this fabric and its collective interaction. As spaces, they are hardly perceived within the city. They don’t take place.
Scrapyard
City View from Stratford Marsh
Marshgate Centre, and Northern Outfall (Greenway), Marshgate Lane, Stratford
Marshgate Lane, Stratford All Photographs by Peter Marshall (2000-2010)
Hackney Wick History During the late 18th century, Hackney Wick began to industrialise , and it continued to thrive as an industrial hub throughout the 19th century, which led to heavy pollution.
\ . \ \
13
Present Hackney Wick In recent post-industrial times, Hackney Wick has lost most of its industry and much of its population. Artists have also gravitated towards Hackney Wick over the last decade and currently inhabit old warehouses. The community of artists that has developed is purported to house the highest concentration of studios in Europe.
14
\ . \ \
STOUR SPACE SITE
7 Roach Road, Hackney Wick, London E3 1PA
18
\ . \ \
\ . \ \
19
FACADE
GROUND FLOOR FROM THE ENTERANCE
20
\ . \ \
SITE PICTURES
FIRST FLOOR MULTIPURPOSE ROOM
VOID VIEW FROM SECOND FLOOR
\ . \ \
21
SITE MAP Hackney Wick used to be an industrial hub which leds to heavy pollution. The street was in a mess, and the buildings were old. However, factories moved to another town and it became clean and attractive area. The buildings are coverd in beautiful graffiti by artists, and there are a lot art studios. Stour Space is located in Hackney Wick, next to the olympic park. As Hackney Wick became clean and beautiful area, the hoarders will escape from the mess in their house by hoarding treatment.
22
\ . \ \
\ . \ \
23
EXISTING PLAN
1 FL
24
\ . \ \
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TDBMF
2 FL
FIRST FLOOR PLAN TDBMF
\ . \ \
25
EXISTING PLAN
3 FL
26
\ . \ \
SECOND FLOOR PLAN TDBMF
1 SE
SECTION PLAN TDBMF
\ . \ \
27
HOARDERS DEMOGRAPHIC
3><?D;8BE5 ^>1A45AB Hoarding is the inability to discard items that have limited value or use. Hoarding is a mental health disorder in which an individual has an obsessive need to acquire and keep things. The accumulation of unnecessary items in the home becomes so severe that it can interfere with their ability to function and their personal safety.
30
\ . \ \
Hoarding as a Public Health Concern Hoarding may progress to the point that it becomes a public health issue because it has the potential to: Provide a favorable habitat for rodents and insects. Become a safety hazard to the general public (e.g., fire hazard). Become a safety hazard to the occupant or visitors (e.g., tripping, falling items, electrocution, fire). Be a sign of mental illness (e.g., obsessive compulsive disorder). Create a risk of zoonotic disease when animal hoarding is involved.
Causes of Hoarding Hoarders are not fanatical individuals who gather and collect masses of items for no particular reason. The disorder stems from genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, and personal experiences. It is defined as a mental health condition and should be treated as such. Hoarding is strongly associated with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The causes of hoarding are not completely clear. However, ongoing research aims at trying to understand underlying genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Gail Steketee, a nationally recognized expert on hoarding, and the Dean of the Boston University School of Social Work states, "The hallmark of hoarding is clutter, typically chaotic. Hoarding is different than collecting. People who hoard gather random groups of items, whereas collectors have organized groups of single valuable items." Prof. Stecketee elaborates on hoarding and its dire effects on the individual in an article in BU Today. The article includes an embedded video which provides valuable insights into hoarding. Certain genetic factors are associated with hoarding. People with a family history of hoarding have a genetic predisposition to this behavior. Initial (or early) hoarding behaviors typically begin during the teenage years and become increasingly apparent in late adulthood. The condition tends to affect single individuals who live alone. Perfectionism is a common accompaniment of the disorder. Cognitive impairments, maladaptive beliefs, and avoidance behaviors are very common. Individuals who have difficulty processing and categorizing information, those with poor memory or decision- making skills may also be more disposed to becoming hoarders. Hoarding may be associated with social anxiety, and they may rely on objects to fulfill their mental and emotional needs. Hoarders are extremely emotionally attached to their belongings and have difficulty parting with material things. Their possessions provide memory, sentiment, comfort, identity, and completeness to their lives. For this reason, it is tremendously hard for these individuals to discard or give up items that may seem useless to others. The clutter can extend to areas outside the home like the garage, yard, and vehicles.
\ . \ \
31
Why Do They Hoard? "I hoard because I hoard. It's a cycle where my home is a complete, unfunctional mess, so I believe that I will use all these items once I clean up (or in order to clean up) the rest of the mess." "I fear that things will become more valuable in time, and if you throw them away, then you will miss out on their value." "I'll throw it away later and later never comes." "In my experience of hoarding, items that people had given me were very hard to ever discard because the item or thing represented the giver." "Hoarding items replaces loved ones (or others) that have died or moved out of the hoarder's life. Compulsive shopping and hoarding makes the hoarder feel less of a loss by replacing people with items. Also, it drives others away unknowingly by the hoarder, and the cycle resurfaces with more items." "I hoard clothing, shoes, jewelry and food because I always will have something to fall back on if I become poor like we were in my childhood." "I hoard because I have a really difficult time making decisions, organizing, keeping track of time, etc. Sometimes, I literally don't see how bad it is. Hoarding seems to be based in disorganized thinking. In other words, the mess outside of me is a clue to the mess inside of me." "I believe that hoarding is emotionally based first and then affects the brain second. It is an anxiety issue that is used, in my opinion,for mood altering purposes. I also feel that the main reason people hoard is to avoid dealing with deep, accumulated loss. It acts somewhat like drugs, that is, it medicates." "People can walk out of your life; things don't. Hoarding is a form of security."
Symptoms The signs and symptoms of hoarding may include: Difficulty discarding items Cluttered living spaces Difficulty organizing items Excessive acquisition of possessions Difficulty making decisions Intense attachment to items Significant impairment in functioning and/or distress Perfectionism
32
\ . \ \
It is also important to note that depression and anxiety disorders frequently co-exist with hoarding. (See Resources Frost et al, 2012) The conditions that are most commonly seen in conjunction with hoarding include: Depression - 50% Social Phobia - 30% General Anxiety Disorder - 28%
\ . \ \
33
Diagnosis The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is the manual used by clinicians and researchers to diagnose and classify mental disorders. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) published DSM-5 in 2013, culminating a 14-year revision process. This edition will have a new chapter on Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders that includes hoarding disorder.
Risk Factors Hoarding tends to start at an early age (around 12 years) and gets progressively worse People who have family members who hoard are more likely to be at risk Stressful life events may contribute to the problem. Withdrawn and isolated individuals may turn to hoarding for comfort. Some clinicians have classified hoarders based on their level of self-awareness and willingness to respond to intervention. Non-insightful hoarders often are not cooperative with intervention. Generally, they may be unwilling to engage in mental health treatment. Intervention may often fall to family members and to public health officials, trying to get them to meet standards that are set by local health agency officials. In some cases, official pressure can be used to elicit cooperation from the hoarder to work toward meeting minimal standards of self-care. Insightful but unmotivated hoarders recognize a problem, but are unwilling or unable to seek help. In some cases, previous attempts at helping have been traumatic to the hoarder. Sometimes these hoarders become isolated and are alone with their possessions. Insightful and motivated, but non-compliant hoarders may want help and may seek treatment, but when faced with discarding their possessions, they no longer remain compliant.
Identifying Hoarding The two main types of hoarding are object hoarding and animal hoarding. Animal hoarding can pose additional risks to the hoarder, the neighborhood, and the community and is further discussed below. Sometimes hoarding is visible from the exterior of a house, but not always. If hoarding is not visible from the exterior, family members or neighbors may notify the LBOH about their concerns. Others agencies, such as social service, elder care, or public safety agencies, may see indications that someone is a hoarder and may notify the local health agency. Hoarding cases generally arise through the local health agency and local staff (agents, inspectors and/or nurses) are often the first to get involved. They usually handle the case and determine the appropriate use of other resources and agencies.
34
\ . \ \
Some health inspectors interpret occupants' minor or moderate clutter and cleaning problems to be cases of hoarding. Be careful to distinguish between cases that simply require regular cleaning assistance, versus extreme hoarding cases. There are several useful surveys that responders and public health officials can use to identify and assess hoarding. These include: Clutter Hoarding Scale Clutter Image Photographs HOMES Multi-Disciplinary Hoarding Risk Assessment Form available from the MassHousing Hoarding Resources Uniform Inspection Checklist and Cover Letter, available from the MassHousing Hoarding Resources.
The following levels of clutter-hoarding have been ascribed by the National Study Group on Chronic Disorganization: Level I: Household is standard. Individual overlooks occasional newspaper stack. Level II: Household requires organization and is very cluttered. Level III: Household requires professional organization from individuals who have had training in Chronic Disorganization. Level IV: Household needs the help of a professional organizer and a coordinated team of service providers. Medical and financial issues may be involved. Level V: Multi-task team is required. Members may include mental health representatives, fire and safety, landlords.
\ . \ \
35
Key Information If you are in contact with a hoarder, it is important to collect as much information as possible in order to identify the type of services needed. Does the occupant own or rent the dwelling? This will impact the actions of the hoarder in resolving any housing code violations. What is the approximate age of the occupants? If there are residents over the age of 60, state and local elder service agencies should be involved. Does the occupant appear to understand why you are there and does the occupant appear able to care for himself/herself? This can help you identify mental health issues that may need to be addressed. Are children or animals living there? If so, state social service agencies (e.g., Department of Children and Families) or animal protection agencies (e.g., Massachusetts Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) should be contacted. Have any other agencies been involved in the hoarding problem? If so, reach out directly to those agencies
Animal Hoarding Animal hoarding poses additional public health issues to a hoarder and to his or her community. Some animal hoarders acquire animals passively because they are known by others to be willing to provide shelter. Others take a more active role in obtaining animals from shelters, clinics or veterinary clinics. In the majority of cases, there are unsafe accumulations of animal feces, urine, and sick or dead animals in areas of the occupant's home. According to The Hoarding of Animal s Reseach Compendium animal hoarding is characterized by the failure to provide: Adequate food and water Necessary veterinary care to treat a disease or injury A safe and sanitary environment
36
\ . \ \
These failures are prohibted either explicitly or implicitly by the animal cruelty laws in every state. Despite unsafe conditions and animal cruelty laws, most animal hoarders seem oblivious to the problems around them. In this respect, animal hoarding may have delusional features which involve an inability to recognize the severity of the problem. There may also be associated problems with attachment stemming from early childhood relationships with the hoarder using animals to fill the attachment void.
Animal hoarding carries the risk of spreading various types of zoonotic disease among the animals as well as to neighboring animals and livestock: Toxoplasmosis (cats) Salmonellosis (reptiles, birds, and farm animals) Psittacosis (birds) Campylobacter (dogs and cats) Toxoplasmosis (cats) Cat scratch disease (cats) Ringworm (cats) Cryptosporidium (cats, dogs, farm animals)
\ . \ \
37
Prevention and Control One way that a community can thoughtfully and systematically address cases of hoarding that come to public attention is through the development of a hoarding task force, sometimes called hoarding coalitions, networks or social action committees. Hoarding task forces often include human service professionals from diverse disciplines such as public health, mental health, elder services, housing providers, animal services and first responders. Over recent years, hoarding task forces have been formed in at least 85 communities in the United States and Canada. The mission, goals and functions of the task forces are as different as the communities in which they exist - urban, rural and suburban. The common purpose of all task forces is to provide a directed and managed response to hoarding cases. Hoarding task forces may have other goals including: Educating task force members and the community about hoarding and appropriate interventions Coordinating intervention responses by multiple human service agencies Sponsoring conferences for professionals and support groups for people who hoard and their families Consulting about cases of hoarding Identifying resources for mental health treatment, case management and removal services When working with someone who hoards, it is important to remember that there is not one correct action plan. Interventions should be flexible enough to address the unique circumstances of each individual caseâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;paying special attention to the needs of protected populations such as elders, children and people with disabilities. Family and faith community members may also be useful resources to help address a hoarding situation. For a list of hoarding task forces and the communities that they serve, visit: the International OCD Foundation and click on the Community Services tab. For additional information about hoarding task forces and cross-disciplinary collaborations to address hoarding, see Resources for The Hoarding Handbook: A Guide for Human Service Professionals.
SSC Enforcement In hoarding cases a primary role for lthe LBOH is to document code violations and draft correction orders under the State Sanitary Code (SSC) and/or public health nuisance laws. All correction orders should be issued according to the specifications of the regulations or laws and should include a thorough description of the violation(s) and a prescribed timeframe for correction. For a complete discussion of SSC 105 CMR 410.000 Minimum Standards of Fitness for Human Habitation, including the condemnation process, see the Housing module provided by the Institute.
38
\ . \ \
Egress Obstruction Failure to maintain the necessary means of egress in a safe condition due to large quantities of items, garbage, debris, etc. Passageways are narrowed and sometimes non-existent. Items on the floor present tripping hazards and tall, unstable stacks present overhead avalanche hazards.
These conditions present a danger not only to the occupant(s), but also to first responders and emergency personnel and should be prioritized ifor correction. Emergency personnel need to be able to move efficiently through the dwelling in order to effectively respond to calls for assistance. Passageways should remain as wide as doorways to allow for the passage of stretchers and firefighters equipped with breathing apparatus. Maintaining every egress free of obstructions and available for immediate use will accelerate the remainder of the clean-up process.ds.
\ . \ \
39
Garbage and Rubbish Failure to maintain land, dwelling units, and common areas in a clean and sanitary manner. Discarded foodstuffs, paper, mail, containers, plastic wrappings, etc. that typically get disposed of in municipal solid waste collection have accumulated inside and outside of the dwelling.
Garbage often attracts rodents and insects into the dwelling and large collections of combustible refuse increase the fire load in and around the unit.
40
\ . \ \
Insect and Rodent Harborage Failure to maintain the dwelling free from infestation. Small rodents and insects often find their way into hoarded dwellings due to the abundance of easily accessible food and water sources, such as garbage and even sometimes blocked plumbing fixtures.
Harborage and breeding areas, as well as any food sources and standing water need to be removed to eliminate the infestation. Often a licensed pest control operator will need to evaluate the dwelling and treat as necessary to completely eliminate the problem. In rental situations it is important to note any structural defects creating rodent and pest entry points as the owner is responsible for correcting these violations.
\ . \ \
41
Temporary Wiring No wiring shall lie under a floor covering or run through a doorway. Due to the lack of access to most outlets on perimeter walls, the occupant will use extension cords to route power from a centralized source to many different rooms. In many instances, power strips will be "piggybacked" to expand more convenient countertop height outlets in kitchens and baths; these conditions can quickly become dangerous due to overloaded circuits and potential ground-faults from proximity to water sources.
Heating Facilities Failure to maintain the heating facilities in good operating condition and the subsequent failure to meet the required temperatures during the heating season. The large collection of items can absorb heat and block radiant baseboard and forced air diffusers causing serious inefficiencies in the system. Centralized heating appliances may not be accessible for necessary maintenance and repairs, forcing occupants to rely on the use of space heaters for comfort, creating an increased risk of fire.
Installation and Maintenance Responsibilities Failure to exercise reasonable care in the proper use and operation of appliances, plumbing fixtures, drain connections, etc. It is common for ranges, ovens, dishwashers and other appliances to be used improperly for storage purposes. Bathtubs and sinks can also become storage places for refuse, rendering them inoperable. Refrigerators and freezers will frequently need thorough and detailed cleaning. All plumbing fixtures and installed appliances should be functioning as intended. If provided, fire suppression sprinklers should not be obstructed by hanging objects or tall piles. Any questions regarding the ability of the system to operate properly should be reviewed with an appropriate fire official.
42
\ . \ \
Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors Failure to provide and maintain the required smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. Many times the occupant cannot access the units for testing or replacement of the back-up battery. When units are not installed, the situation should be reviewed with appropriate building and fire officials to determine installation locations.
Structural elements Failure to maintain structural elements in good repair and in every way fit for the use intended. In some situations the increased weight load on the floors due to excessive amounts of items can jeopardize the structural integrity of the floor and must be reviewed with an appropriate building official. This clause is worded in a general sense and can often be used to document violations that are not clearly delineated elsewhere in Chapter II
\ . \ \
43
Minimum square footage Failure to provide the required square footage per occupant for dwelling and rooming units. Chapter II defines habitable rooms as every room or enclosed floor space used or intended to be used for living, sleeping, cooking or eating purposes (excluding areas such as bathrooms, laundry rooms, hallways, closets and storage spaces). Excessive collections of belongings often consume most of the available floor space leaving the occupant with inadequate space for living. One could argue a room can no longer be used for living, sleeping, cooking or eating purposes because it is being used primarily for storage purposes. Because it is no longer deemed habitable it cannot be factored into the total habitable area when determining occupant load. For example, a bedroom that is full of items may no longer provide the required floor and living space and should be emptied to satisfy the minimum requirements set forth in the code.
Enforcement Using Other Laws and Remedies In addtition to the SSC, there are applicable laws that can be applied to hoarding situations. MGL Chapter 111, Section 122. The LBOH shall examine all nuisances, sources of filth and causes of sickness within its town, which may, in its opinion, be injurious to the public health. The LBOH may also make regulations for the public health and safety relative to nuisance conditions. MGL Chapter 111, Section 123. The LBOH shall order the owner or occupant of any private premises, at his/her own expense, to remove any nuisance, source of filth or cause of sickness found thereon within twenty-four hours, or within such other time as it considers reasonable, after notice. Unfortunately, in many cases hoarders are resistant to change and it may be necessary for the LBOH to arrive at a finding that the dwelling is unfit for human habitation and needs to be condemned. The LBOH should consult with their legal department when making this determination and when seeking court enforcement for failure to comply with a correction order.
44
\ . \ \
Support Services and Scenario An Important issue to consider is that if an occupant's home is condemned, he/she may become homeless. Adults with mental health needs may provide particular challenges. If upon examination, a physician determines that the occupant poses a serious risk of harm to him/herself or others, they can be admitted to a hospital under MGL Ch123 s12. In most cases, however, people with mental health needs will not be admitted. It is important to work with local mental health and social service agencies and with the person's family to make sure that required services and support are provided. Some communities have agencies that can help identify or provide emergency housing services. This is useful when a hoarder has no family or other social network to provide shelter.
Hoarding Scenario An 82 year old woman lives alone in a house owned by an out-of-state family member. The police receive a complaint from the Council on Aging Director who states that the Meals on Wheels driver detected a bad smell when delivering food and from what he could see, the house inside was a "mess". The Council on Aging reports that the woman appears healthy when receiving services from them and the outside of the house seems well kept. Police refer this to theLBOH. Public health, police and fire departments conduct a joint inspection (with the permission of the occupant). The inspection reveals that the occupant has been hoarding and that there are many violations of SSC 105 CMR 410.000 in the house. Observations include: large amounts of rubbish that are cluttering all of the rooms of the house including stairways, the toilet is not working, human waste is being improperly disposed of, and the smoke detector is not working. The woman seems unaware of the significance of these problems. In this case, the occupant gave permission to enter. What if she had refused? A search warrant would have been necessary for the LBOH to enter. While search warrants are generallly a last resort, sometimes they are necessary and it is extremely important to follow proper procedures to obtain one. The following diagram presents an overview of the necessary steps to obtaining and using an administrative search warrant.
\ . \ \
45
What are your next steps? Conduct an inspection per 105CMR410.000, document all inspection results and proceed with enforcement as outlined in the regulation. In addition to contacting the owner, you should consider contacting social service agencies. The occupant's physical and mental health and housing needs should be assessed. What housing and social service options may this occupant require? If animals or children were involved, what agencies might you call? What will some of the challenges be? One challege will be locating and communicating with the out-ofstate owner to contract and pay for services such as dumpsters and cleaning companies. In addition, the occupant may have health and housing needs that need to be met, especially if the house is deemed unfit for human habitation. As discussed in this module, the occupant may have poor or absent insight and be very resistant to any clean up efforts.
46
\ . \ \
REFERENCES Best Practices Guide for Hoarding Boston University School of Social Work research and resources Frost RO, Steketee G & Tolin DF: Comorbidity in hoarding disorder. Depression and Anxiety 2012, in press How to Talk to Someone with a Hoarding Problem PPT International Hoarding Exchange International Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Foundation MassHousing Hoarding Resources Samuels JF, Bienvenu OJ, Riddle MA, Cullen BAM, Grados MA, Liang K, Hoehn Saric R & Nestadt G: Prevalence and correlates of hoarding behavior in a community-based sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2008;46(7):836-844 The Hoarding of Animals Research Consortium The Hoarding Handbook. A Guide for Human Service Providers. Christiana Bratiotis, Cristina Sorrentino Schmalisch, and Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, New York., 2011
\ . \ \
47
Hoarder
Olive
Hoards Plastic bags Old furniture Clothes Recycling wastes
Emotion She feels that the item she hoards will be used again some day, and she has depression with the hoards. She doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want anybody to see her palce.
Turning Point Her husband hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t come back after the war. She does not have any family.
Treatment Charaty helps to make small warehouse in front of her house and Olive recycled her items.
48
\ . \ \
Hoarder
Jane
Hoards Clothes Blankets Old cook tools Recycling wastes
Emotion She feels worry and upset about her hoards.
Turning Point She is single mom, and she used to have four jobs, because she needed money to raise her daughter.
Treatment Psychologist talk to her to convince her to let go, but she still doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know what she wants. Psychologist suggest election for letting items go.
\ . \ \
49
Hoarder
Jeff
Hoards Lots of shiny knobs Vast collection of tins Scientific machines Antique music roll and other wastes
Emotion He feels something wrong with him which loss the other people got He has dual personality which is between inside and outside space.
Turning Point He lost everything after his divoce, even the contact of his two children.
50
\ . \ \
Treatment His Hoards
Local Warehouse
Separating Items Auction Charity shop Rubbish bin
\ . \ \
51
CONCEPT
IDEA SKETCH
54
\ . \ \
\ . \ \
55
56
\ . \ \
\ . \ \
57
CONCEPTUAL DRAWING As the research of hoarders showed, hoarders have self-alienation behavior. They don’t invite anyone to their house, because the clutter and mess in the house embarrass them and they don’t want any interference from other people. Thus, they cover all windows of their house with the curtains. This behavior makes the situation worse. Therefore, they need to be open about their behavior with other people, and cognitive behavior therapy will handle their problems. Hoarders’ treatment as separating their items become performance art, and it will be open to the public people by gap space. The gap space will be small and filled with glass, so hoarders will not see what public people talking and how they act. However, they know the treatment space is open to the public people. This is the solution for compulsive hoarders as an interior design approach.
\ . \ \
59
CONCEPT MODEL
60
\ . \ \
\ . \ \
61
When there are a straight narrow corridor and people passing, people nomally feel uncomfortable to stop in the middle of the way. The reason is because there is not enough space. Therefore, by adding gap spaces in the rectillnear corridor, users can stay in that space. The exhibition space in this project will apply these facts, so the public people pass through the corridor and they can go to the gap space when they want to stay more time for the exhibition.
62
\ . \ \
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
66
\ . \ \
\ . \ \
67
PROGRAM
ACCOMODATION
HOARDER
DOCTORâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S
WAREHOUSE
OFFICE
HOARDERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LOUNGE
CAFE
PUBLIC
EXHIBITION
HOARDING ITEM SHOP
68
\ . \ \
HOARDER PROGRAM Warehouse - When hoarders decide to have the cognitive behavior therapy, they move their hoarding items here. They separate their items which they want to keep and which they want to throw away. The therapy can be seen from public as treatment. Accomodation - Hoarders stay in the warehouse and it has a bed room and a bathroom. This space is not seen through the peep holes on the wall. Doctorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office - Hoaders consult their hoarding problem and the doctor charts a programs for the therapy. Psychotherapy is also given to severe compulive hoarders here. Hoarders Lounge - This space is for hoarders that they can have a rest without any interference, and it is possible to meet their visitors here. Hoarders also do discussion therapy here everyday.
PUBLIC PROGRAM Exhibition - The behavior that hoarders separate their items is open to the public as hoarderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s treatment. There are some spots that the public can stay and see inside of the hoarderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s therapy room through peep holes. The bedroom and bathroom are not seen for hoardersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; private. Cafe - The main users of this space is the public, and it is allowed to eat, drink, talk and have a rest here. Hoarding Item Shop - The items that hoaders decided to discard during their therapy is displayed on the corridor walls for the public. Therefore, the public can see and buy the goods in the exhibition area.
\ . \ \
69
PLAN SKETCH
70
\ . \ \
\ . \ \
71
PLAN SKETCH
72
\ . \ \
\ . \ \
73
74
\ . . \ . \ \
1 FL
BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN
2 FL
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TDBMF /0/&
TDBMF /0/&
3 FL
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
4 FL
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
TDBMF /0/&
TDBMF /0/&
\ . \ \
75
1 SE
76
\ . \ \
SECTION PLAN TDBMF /0/&
\ . \ \
77
1 DS
78
\ . \ \
HOARDER WARE HOUSE DETAIL SECTION PLAN TDBMF /0/&
LOUNGE HALL VIEW, WHEN PUBLIC PEOPLE ENTER THEY SEE THIS SPACE FIRST
LOOKING THROUGH THE PEEPHOLES
EXHIBITION CORRIDOR
\ . \ \
79
80
\ . \ \
LIMIT OF VISUAL ANGLE A pair of healthy human eyes has a total field of view of approximately 200 degrees horizontally about 120 degrees of which are shared by both eyes, giving rise to what's known as binocular vision and 135 degrees vertically. This is due to the fact that both of our eyes are positioned more or less on the front of our heads, as opposed to the sides. The angle and size of the peephole can change the limit of the vision. This way, the angle of the wall and the peephole can make veiled space. Furthermore, the veiled space protects hoarderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s privacy.
1 VL
GROUND FLOOR VISUAL LIMIT PLAN
TDBMF
\ . \ \
81
82
\ . \ \
1 FL
TDBMF
BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN
\ . \ \
83
2 FL
TDBMF
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
84
\ . \ \
1 FL
TDBMF
BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN
\ . \ \
85
2 FL
TDBMF
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
PUBLIC VISION & HOARDERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S PERSONAL BOUNDARY
The wall direction is designed for viewing of the public, and they can see the inside space of hoarderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s therapy warehouses through the peepholes. The walls are designed for hoardersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; privacies, and the direction of the peepholes makes visual limit. Therefore, the public can not see hoardersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; bedrooms and bathrooms. GROUND FLOOR
86
\ . \ \
2 VL
GROUND FLOOR VISUAL LIMIT PLAN
TDBMF
FIRST FLOOR
3 VL
FIRST FLOOR VISUAL LIMIT PLAN TDBMF
\ . \ \
87
88
\ . \ \
1VCMJD
)PBSEFS
Traffic Flow Sign
1 FL
STAFF ROOM
WAITING AREA
TDBMF
DOCTORâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S OFFICE
BASEMENT FLOOR CIRCULATION PLAN
RECEPTION
STORAGE
This space has territoriality for hoarders, and the circulation of hoarders and the public is differentiated. As secret doors are installed in each hoarderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s therapy warehouse, the doctor can visit to check hoardersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; condition and the progress they make.
INTERIOR CIRCULATION DIAGRAM
EXHIBITION
2 FL
TDBMF
PUBLIC LOUNGE
GROUND FLOOR CIRCULATION PLAN
THERAPY WAREHOUSE
THERAPY WAREHOUSE
DECK
CAFE KITCHEN
EXHIBITION
3 FL
THERAPY WAREHOUSE
TDBMF
FIRST FLOOR CIRCULATION PLAN
PUBLIC TOILET
PUBLIC LOUNGE
4 FL
TDBMF
SECOND FLOOR CIRCULATION PLAN
HOARDERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LOUNGE
Traffic Flow Sign
)PBSEFS 1VCMJD
\ . \ \
93 1 AX
TDBMF /0/&
AXONOMETRIC
1 FL
STAFF ROOM
WAITING AREA
DOCTORâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S OFFICE
TDBMF
BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN
RECEPTION
STORAGE
3 SE
\ . \ \
95
1 SE
\ . \ \
97
2 SE
2 FL
THERAPY WAREHOUSE
THERAPY WAREHOUSE
TDBMF
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
3 SE
CAFE
KITCHEN
1 SE
\ . \ \
99
2 SE
THERAPY WAREHOUSE W
1 FL
TDBMF
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
3 SE
1 SE
\ . \ \
101
2 SE
HOARDERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LOUNGE
2 FL
TDBMF
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
3 SE
1 SE
1 SE
SECTION PLAN
TDBMF
\ . \ \
103
2 SE
TDBMF
SECTION PLAN
\ . \ \
105
1 SE
TDBMF
SECTION PLAN
1 DE
106
\ . \ \
DETAIL SECTION PLAN TDBMF /0/&
10-:$"3#0/"5& NN $-&"3 %0.& .*3303 '*/*4) "-6.*/*6. 300' '*/*4) 8)*5& .&5"- 1"/&#-"$, 300' 53644
8)*5& $&*-*/( '3".& 2 DE
SUN TUNNEL DETAIL SECTION TDBMF
4 4 %0.& 4$3&84
4 4 '-"4)*/( 4$3&84
3 DE
SUN TUNNEL DOME DETAIL TDBMF
\ . \ \
107
1 DE
108
\ . \ \
DETAIL SECTION PLAN TDBMF /0/&
45&&- '3".& 8)*5& 413": $0"5*/( 8"--
4)&-' #3"$,&5
4 DE
WALL SHELF DETAIL SECTION TDBMF
NN *30/ 1-"5& 8"-- 456%4 4$3&84
5 DE
SHELF BRACKET DETAIL
TDBMF
\ . \ \
109
1 DE
110
\ . \ \
DETAIL SECTION PLAN TDBMF /0/&
#3"$,&5 45&&- $)"//&("-7"/*;&% '*9*/( 8*5) 40$,&5 +0*/5
8"-0", 800% 40-*%
6 DE
STAIRCASE DETAIL SECTION
TDBMF
NN *30/ 1-"5& 4$3&84
\ . \ \
111
GROUND FLOOR
My daughter keep saying that i have a problem with full of items at home. I donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t think i am a hoarder, I will prove that I am not a hoarder with a doctor here.
HOARDER STORY There are two different doors. One is for Hoarders to get treatment and the other one is for the Public who want to see how hoarders get the treatment. When hoarders visit here, they go downstairs to consult a doctor and the doctor will plan the period of staying. They get treatment as separating their items to keep and to discard. Each treatment room has a secret door and doctors visit the patients through the door to check their progress and give counselling. There is a lounge on the top floor for hoarders and they can have a rest here without any interference. They can also meet visitors or other hoarders there to communicate.
112
\ . \ \
SECOND FLOOR
These people have the same habit as me, and they are haveing hoarding treatment. I am confused.. I maybe a hoarder.
FIRST FLOOR
The doctor said that I start with 2 weeks satying treatment. My daughter will also visit and help me here, so I decided to have a treatment.
GROUND FLOOR
Hi, Carlos. This is the place that i told you last time. You collet entiques, so i thought you will be interested in this place. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s have a look.
PUBLIC STORY
There is a public lounge and care at the enterance. It is allowed to see how hoarders having their treatment through the peepholes on the wall. On the left side of the building, there is a photo and video exhibition about hoarding. Moreover, he items which hoarders decide to discard is displayed and the public is allowed to buy the items during their viewing the exhibition.
114
\ . \ \
GROUND FLOOR
Have a look. These people are hoarders and that is how they get treatment. Isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t that interesting?
GROUND FLOOR
Look at this picture. The items they hoard seems rubbish. However, those items on the shelves are that the hoarders decided to discard. They are beautiful. You can actually buy those items, if you would like.