plan by Lawrence Kasparowitz

plan compiled and designed by

Lawrence Kasparowitz

Third Edition April 2017

Introduction Plans are not reality - but in architecture, the initial plan is an advanced scheme for the building. A plan in the construction documents sets the shape and dimensions of the exterior and interior. Why study plans? Plans represent the “order” of the building. They show the conceptual arrangement of spaces. People can begin to conceive what it is like to live and work in the building. The relative size of spaces can be considered. Connections are explored. Tracing the evolution of building plans throughout history can be a key to understanding the social order of each age. It is possible to trace the typology of buildings within general historical periods (i.e., the evolution of the church). It is also possible to trace the development of major spaces. The use of circular rooms, oval rooms, freeform rooms, etc. Circulation through, around and into spaces can also be studied. Openings (windows, doors) can be traced over time. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Paris was the top school to attend. Instructors at the Ecole called the basic scheme for a building a “parti”. A parti or parti pris comes from the French prendre parti meaning "to make a decision". O ten referred to as the “big idea”, it was the chief organizing thought or decision behind an architect's design presented in the form of a basic diagram and / or a simple statement. The development of the parti frequently, but not always, preceded the development of plan, section, and elevations. Coming up with the parti was the key to developing a plan. One can scan the following plans and try to visualize the parti, as well as observing the evolving typology for various building forms.

Historical Plan Studies 1 Philippian Tholos 1.1 Temple of Horus 1.2 The Pantheon 1.3 Hadrian’s villa 1.4 Basilica of Constantine 1.5 Baths of Caracalla 1.6 Haga So a mosque 1.7 Kasthamandap temple 1.8 Dome of the Rock 1.9 Candi Sewu temple 1.10 El Caracol, Chichen Itza 1.11 Casa Rinaconda 1.12 Dover Castle keep 1,13 Fontenay abbey 1.14 Angor temple 1.15 Castle del Monte 1.16 Himeji castle 1.17 Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers 1.18 Ashraf Barsby mosque 1.19 St. Peter’s basilica 1.20

Palace of Charles V 1.21 Piazza del Campidoglio 1.22 Sandown Castle keep 1.23 Suleymaniye mosque 1.24 St. Basil’s cathedral 1.25 Villa Capra (La Rotunda) 1.26 Chateau de Chenonceaux 1.27 Katsura Imperial Villa 1.28 Jam’e Abbasi mosque 1.29 San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane 1.30 Taj Mahal masoleum and garden 1.31 San Andrea al Quirinale 1.32 Sant’ Ivo alla Sapienza 1.33 Piazza San Pietro 1.34 San Lorenzo cathedral 1.35 Santa Maria della Salute 1.36 Karlskirche 1.37 Kedleston hall 1.38 Academic Building 1.39 University of Virginia Rotunda 1.40 Paris Opera House 1.41

Tigbourne court 1.42 Flatiron building 1.43 Larkin bullding 1.44 Unity temple 1.45 Casa Mila 1.46 Parliament building 1.47 Project for a brick country house 1.48 Casa Malaparte 1.49 First Goetheanum church 1.50 Parliament Bulding project 1.51 Childrens library 1.52 Notre Dame du Haut chapel 1.53 Guggenheim museum 1.54 Vanna Venturi house 1.55 Nicaraqua 99 apartments 1.56 Phillips Exeter Academy library 1.57 One Half house 1.58 Elrod house 1.59 Stern house 1.60 Casa Papanice 1.61 Hurva synagogue 1.62

Museum for Northrhine Westphalia 1.63 Overseas Tower 1.64 National Parliament houseBellinzona house 1.65 Koshino house 1.66 Casa Mila 1.67 Grotta house 1.68 Prince house 1.69 Petronas towers 1.70 Getty Center 1.71 Victoria Insurance Tower 1.72 Litoral Alentejano house 1.73 Ninetree Village 1.74 Ibere Camargo Foundation 1.75 Mimesis museum 1.76 Bait ur Rouf mosque 1.77 Family house 1.78 Torre Blancas 1.79 Canary Wharf tower 1.80 Three Courtyard house 1.81

Typological Plan Sudies 2

Egyptian temples 2.1 Greek temples 2.2 Northern France Gothic cathedrals 2.3 Romanesque cathedrals 2.4 Burmese pagodas 2.5 Plans for St. Peters basilica 2.6 Idealized forti cations 2.7 Bysantine churches 2.8 Octagonal churches 2.9 Palladian villas 2.10 Indian temples 2.11 Eastern Religous plans 2.12 Castle keeps 2.13 French baptistries 2.14 Northern Italian baptistries 2.15 Traditional Chinese courtyard houses 2.16 Grand Prix de Rome winners 2.17 Hong Kong Housing Authority plans 2.18 Hong Kong Housing Authority plans 2.19 Cameroon village plans 2.20

Fantasy Plan Studies 3 James D. Jarvis 3.1 Franco Purini 3.5

historical plan studies

Philippian Tholos (c. 320 bc) Olympia, Greece .

1.1

Temple of Horus (237 b.c.) Edfu, Egypt Imhotep, architect

1.2

The Pantheon (114) Rome, Italy Apollodorus of Damascus, architect

1.3

Hadrian’s Villa, Piazz d’ Oro (c. 125) Tivoli, Italy .

1.4

Baths of Caracalla (217) Rome, Italy Septimius Severus, architect

1.5

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (312) Rome, Italy .

1.6

Hagia So a Mosque (537) Istanbul, Turkey Isidore of Miletus, Anthemius of Tralles, architects

1.7

Kasthamandap Temple (c. 650) Katmandu, Nepal .

1.8

Dome of the Rock (691) Jerusalem, Israel Raja ibn Haywah, Yazid Ibn Salam, architects

1.9

Candi Sewu temple (c.780) Klaten Regency, Indonesia .

1.10

El Caracol, Chichen Itza (c. 900) Yucatan, Mexico .

1.11

Casa Rinaconda (919) Chaco Canyon, New Mexico .

1.12

Dover Castle keep (1088) Dover, England .

1.13

L’ Abbaye de Fontenay (1147) Montbard, France .

1.14

Angor Temple (600-1200) Ankgor Wat, Cambodia .

1.15

Castel del Monte (1245) Andria, Italy Quintino Quagliati, architect

1.16

Himeji Castle (1346) Himeji, Japan Akamatsu Norimura, builder

1.17

Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (1438) Bad Staffelstein, Germany Johann Balthasar Neumann, architect

1.18

Ashraf Barsbay Mosque (1474) Cairo, Egypt .

1.19

St. Peters Basilica (1513) Rome, Italy Donato Bramante, architect

1.20

Palace of Charles V (1527) Grenada, Spain Pedro Machuca, architect

1.21

Piazza del Campidoglio (1538) Rome, Italy Michelangelo Buonarotti, architect

1.22

Sandown Castle keep (1540) Kent, England Christopher Dickenson, master mason

1.23

Süleymaniye mosque (1557) Istanbul, Turkey Mimar Sinan, architect

1.24

St. Basil cathedral (1561) Moscow, Russia Postnik Yakovlev, Ivan Barma, architects

1.25

Villa Capra / ”La Rotunda” (1566) Vicenza, Italy Andrea Palladio, architect

1.26

Château de Chenonceaux bridge/gallery (1576 ) Loire Valley, France Philibert de l'Orme, Jean Bullant, architects

1.27

Katsura Imperial Villa (1584) Kyoto, Japan .

1.28

Jam’e Abbasi mosque (1611) Isfahan, Iran Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī, Ustad Shoja Isfahani, Ustad Ali Akbar Isfahani, Ustad Fereydun Naini, architects

1.29

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (1638) Rome, Italy Francesco Borromini, architect

1.30

site plan

masoleum plan

Taj Mahal (1648) Agra, India Ustad Ahmad Lahouri, Ustad Isa, architects

1.31

San Andrea al Quirinale (1658) Rome, Italy Gian Lorenzo Bernini, architect

1.32

Sant’ Ivo alla Sapienza (1660) Rome, Italy Gian Lorenzo Bernini, architect

1.33

Piazza San Pietro (1667) Rome, Italy Gian Lorenzo Bernini, architect

1.34

San Lorenzo cathedral (1668) Turin, Italy Guarino Guarini, architect

1.35

Santa Maria della Salute (1681) Venice, Italy Baldassare Longhena, architect

1.36

Karlskirche / St. Charles’ church (1737) Vienna, Austria Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, architect

1.37

Kedleston Hall (1759) Derby, England James Paine and Matthew Brettingham, architects

1.38

Academic Building (1765) (project) Marie-Joseph Peyre, architect

1.39

University of Virginia Rotunda (1835) Charlottesville, Virginia Thomas Jefferson, architect

1.40

Opera House (1875) Paris, France Henri Garnier, architect

1.41

Tigbourne Court (1899) Wormley, Surrey, England Sir Edwin Lutyens, architect

1.42

Flatiron building (1902) New York, New York Daniel Burnham, architect

1.43

Larkin Building (1904) Buffalo, New York Frank Lloyd Wright, architect

1.44

Unity Temple (1908) Oak Park, Illinois Frank Lloyd Wright, architect

1.45

Casa Mila (1910) Barcelona, Spain Antonio Gaudi, architect

1.46

Parliament Building (1912) New Delhi, India Sir Edwin Lutyens, architect

1.47

Brick country house (1924) (project) Mies Van der Rohe, architect

1.48

First Goetheanum church (1928) Dornach, Switzerland Rudolf Steiner, architect

1.49

Casa Malaparte (1938) Punta Massullo, Italy Adoberto Librera, architect

1.50

Paliament Building project (1947) Ljubljana, Slovenia Jože Plečnik, architect

1.51

Seagram’s building (1952) New York, New York Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, architect

1.52

Childrens Library (1953) Hiroshima, Japan Kenzo Tange, architect

1.53

Notre Dame du Haut Chapel (1954) Ronchamp, France Le Corbusier, architect

1.54

Solomon Guggenheim Museum (1959) New York, New York Frank Lloyd Wright, architect

1.55

Vanna Venturi house (1964) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Robert Venturi, architect

1.56

Nicaragua 99 apartments (1965) Barcelona, Spain Ricardo Bo ll, architect

1.57

Phillips Exeter Academy Library (1965) Exeter, New Hampshire Louis I. Kahn, architect

1.58

One Half house (1966) (project) John Hedjuk, architect

1.59

Elrod House (1968) Palm Springs, California John Lautner, architect

1.60

Stern house (1970) Woodbridge, Connecticut Charles Moore, architect

1.61

Casa Papanice, 1970 Rome, Italy Paolo Portoghesi, architect

1.62

Hurva Synagogue (1973) Jerusalem, Israel Lous Kahn, architect

1.63

Museum for Northrhine Westphalia (1975) Dusseldorf, Germany James Stirling and Michael Wilford, architects

1.64

Overseas Tower (1982) Miami, Florida Arquitectonica, architects

1.65

National Parliament (1982) Dakha, Bangladesh Louis I. Kahn, architect

1.66

house (1984) Bellinzona, Italy Mario Botta, architect

1.67

Koshino house (1984) Ashiya, Hyogo, Japan Tadao Ando, architect

1.68

Rauchstrasse Berlin apartments (1985) Berlin, Germany Hans Hollein, architect

1.69

Grotta house (1989) Harding Township, New Jersey Richard Meier, architect

1.70

Prince house (1995) Alberquerque, New Mexico Bart Prince, architect

1.71

Petronas Towers (1996) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Cesar Pelli, architect

1.72

Getty Center (1997) Los Angles, California Richard Meier, architect

1.73

Victoria Insurance Tower (1998) Dusseldorf, Germany HPP Architects

1.74

House (2000) Litoral Alentejano, Portugal Aires Mateus, architects

1.75

Ninetree Village (2008) Hangzhou, China David Chipper eld, architect

1.76

Iberê Camargo Foundation (2009) Porto Alegre, Brazil Álvaro Siza, architect

1.77

Mimesis Museum (2010) Pajou Book City, Korea Alvaro Siza, architect

1.78

Bait ur Rouf Mosque (2012) Dhaka, Bangladesh Marina Tabassum, architect

1.79

Family House (2013) Palanga, Lithuania UAB Architektu biuras, architects

1.80

Torre Blancas, (2014) Madrid, Spain Héctor Ruiz Velazquez, architect

1.81

Canary Wharf Tower (2015) London, England Herzog and DeMeuron, architects

1.82

Three Courtyard house (2015) Pinheiros de Azeitão, Portugal Extrastudio, architects

1.83

typological plan studies

Egyptian temples

2.1

Greek temples

2.2

Northern France Gothic cathedrals

2.3

Romanesque cathedrals

2.4

Burmese pagodas

2.5

Plans for St. Peter’s Basilica

2.6

Idealized fortifications

2.7

Byzantine churches

2.8

Octagonal churches

2.9

Palladian villas

2.10

Indian temples

2.11

Eastern religous plans

2.12

Castle keeps

2.13

French baptistries

2.14

Northern Italian baptistries

2.15

Traditional Chinese Courtyard Houses

2.16

Grand Prix de Rome winners (1779-1828)

2.17

Hong Kong Housing Authority plans

2.18

Hong Kong Housing Authority plans

2.19

Cameroon village plans

2.20

Carthusian Monasteries (Charterhouses)

2.21

fantastical plan studies

James D. Jarvis: A RPG player who thinks he has something to share. Discovered wargaming at the age of 9 or so thanks to Avalon Hill. Started playing D&D in the later days of the 70's as one of those annoying kids and currently games with spouse, family and friends. I've been doing technical illustration for over 30 years for a number of industries from educational publlishing to medical device development, and defense systems. I'm working away on a few projects, one is the ink formulas I posted previews of earlier another is my next campaign as I don't have one active right now. I'm considering seriously embracing the whole murder-hobo thing with campaign rules geared more to that, enough expecting heroic play from tomb robbing scoundrels. Also got some paper soldiers/miniatures in the brew. Creating is a struggle. The creative muse is o ten described as inspiring but she is also o ten elusive and taunting. The artists struggle to put down on canvas, paper, or any particular medium is a serious one and it strikes DM's/GM's as well. For me the failure to communicate what I want to communicate or render can be crippling, the fear of using my skills poorly or perhaps discovering my skills can't meet my vision is as devastating as clinical depression (possibly related). I have seen things in my mind's eye I have been unable to draw, or even properly describe with words alone. I have discovered emotional spaces while doing research and development for a game project I didn't suspect were lurking there that have stopped me short and le t me embarrassed for leaving the project still-born , cold, and incomplete. RPG is still just a game and yet it is a channel for creativity bound up in a charade of competition and sca folding of rules. I get why some people think of RPG GMs as "story tellers" despite by criticism of the limiting nature of that model. For me RPG is a chance to enable others to tell stories, to share in someone else's creation and to create anew within that space someone else built for them. Building that space can be a surprising challenge when looking to make it something more . The struggle in expressing that "something more" in a meaningful fashion is real and while similar to self-imposed artistic struggle it need not be a lonely one. We folks that blog, G+, and visit forums to discuss and share gaming ideas are helping out each other in that struggle even if we don't realize it. I still worry and fret about my own creations (even my occasionally copious notebook style posts) that I am missing something and not communicating what I really mean to.

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Franco Purini: These drawings attempt to classify typical situations in the relationship between the volume (cube), the plane and the linear element, in a hypothesis of architectural “composition” as a form of notation or “writing.” The cube, the base, the linear elements (column, tower), and the wall are the pieces of a series of formal connections, in an elementary formulation of the “construction”, referring particularly to the theme of the trilithon. The reduction of the objects (elements) to a limited number, the classi cation by sections of their relations, the construction of space as coexistence of these “objects” and as a ratio with respect to a reference plane (base or wall), allows to set up a “description” of the composition based on a closed number of propositions, in an attempt to constrain the project by forcing the comparison with a series of primary preordinate situations. The central reference is to the structure of a classical temple and to the special connection that is built into it among the constituent elements. This hypothesis presents a reference to the construction site (as the place of technological practice), whose functional processes are interpreted in their succession and in the order of the artefacts (the base, the wall that de nes it in the elevation, the superimposed trilith) that are produced there. The analysis by parts of the building tends to express this growth through additions of nite objects. That makes it possible to rethink the “constructive”process within a series of stages, each determined in its own formal autonomy. (a trilithon or trilith is a structure consisting of two large vertical stones (posts) supporting a third stone set horizontally across the top (lintel). It is commonly used in the context of megalithic monuments.)

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

index by architect

Amili, Baha al din al 1.27 Ando, Tadao 1.68 Anthemius of Tralles 1.7 Appolodurus of Damascus 1.3 Arquitectonica 1.65 Aries Mateus 1.75 Barma, Ivan 1.25 Bernini, Gian Lorenzo 1.32, 1.33, 1.34 Bo ll, Ricardo 1.57 Borromini, Francesco 1.30 Botta, Mario 1.67 Bramante, Donato 1.20 Brettingham, Matthew 1.38 Bullant, Jean 1.27 Buonarotti, Michelangelo 1.22 Burnham, Daniel 1.43 Chipper eld, David 1.76 Corbuier, Le 1.54 Dickerson, Christopher 1.23 Extrastudio 1.83 Garnier, Henri 1.41 Gaudi, Antonio 1.46 Guarini, Guarino 1.35 Haywah, Raja ibn 1.9 Hedjuk, John 1.59 Herzog and DeMeuron 1.82 Hollein, Hans 1.69 HPP 1.74 Imhotep 1.2 Isa, Ustad 1.31 Isadore of Miletus 1.7 Isfahani, Usted Ali Akbar 1.29 Isfahani, Usted Shoja 1.29 Jarvis, James D. 3.1 Jefferson, Thomas 1.40 Kahn, Louis 1.58, 1.63, 1.66 L’Orme, Philibert de 1.27

Lahouri, Ustad Ahmed 1.31 Lautner, John 1.59 Librera, Adoberto 1.50 Longhena, Baldassare 1.36 Lutyens, Edwin 1.42, 1.47 Machuca, Pedro 1.21 Mateus, Aires 1.71 Meier, Richard 1.70, 1.73 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig 1.48, 1.52 Moore, Charles 1.61 Muchaca, Pedro 1.19 Naini, Ustad Fereydun 1.29 Neumann, Johann Balthasar 1.18 Norimura, Akamatsu 1.17 Paine, James 1.38 Palladio, Andrea 1.26 Pelli, Cesar 1.72 Peyre, Marie-Joseph 1.39 Plecnik, Joze 1.51 Portoghesi, Paolo 1.62 Prince, Bart 1.71 Purini, Franco 3.5 Quagliati, Quintino 1.16 Rohe, Mies van der 1.42, 1.50 Salam, Yazid Ibn 1.9 Sargeant, Rene 1.41 Severus, Septimus 1.5 Sinan, Mimar 1.24 Siza, Alvaro 1.77, 1.78 Steiner, Rudolph 1.49 Sterling, James 1.64 Tabassum, Marina 1.79 Tange, Kenzo 1.53 UAB 1.80 Von Ehrlach, Johann Bernhard 1.37 Yakovlev, Postnik 1.25 Velazquez, Hector Ruiz 1.81 Venturi, Robert 1.56 Wilford, Michael 1.64 Wright, Frank Lloyd 1.44, 1.45 1.55

colophon

This book was produced on a Toshiba Chromebook 2. Google applications such as Docs, Drive, Draw, etc. were used to layout the pages, insert the images and format the text. There are three fonts that were used; Righteous for the main titles and page numbers. Alegreya for names Quattrocento Sans for the text. Printing is done by Createspace. Ful llment and shipping are through Amazon.

images All images were obtained through internet sources. Most came from Pinterest boards about architecture, some came from online design blogs, and some were obtained through architect’s web sites. There was an attempt to get the best quality images available, however the printing process has it’s limitations.

titles in this series…

PLAN SECTION MODEL SKETCH ISOMETRIC SPATIAL COMPOSITION

notes & sketches