¥¢·¤ Ñ y, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv
lkSj ÅtkZ ds ek/;e ls mRiknksa dks lq[kkdj ewY; lao/kZu jksds'k ds okfj;j ,oa egs'k ,u ykMs
çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®wv 5 tSfod lCt+h dh [ksrh ,- vkuUn dqekj 8 lkSj ÅtkZ ds ek/;e ls mRiknksa dks lq[kkdj ewY; lao/kZu jksds'k ds okfj;j ,oa egs'k ,u ykMs 11 xkS&ew= ds lkFk vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa ls cuk----------vt; dqekj flag ,oa vpZuk JhokLro
lksyj ds ek/;e ls lq[kkus dh rduhd dk ,dhdj.k djrs gq, izeq[k mRiknksa dk Ñf"k;sÙkj ewY; lao/kZu dj efgyk fdlkuksa ds laxBu ykHkkfUor gks jgs gSaA fodsUnzhÑr m|e ds ek/;e ls ,d rjQ tgk¡ yksxksa dh ek¡x dks iwjk fd;k tk jgk gS] ogha nwljh rjQ izlaLdj.k ds ek/;e ls fdlku Hkh csgrj vk; izkIr djus esa l{ke gks jgs gSaA
15 LFkkuh; Lrj ij lCt+h mRiknu m"kk ,l] eatw ,e uS;j ,oa nsfodk ,-,l18 Lo;a lgk;rk lcls cM+h lgk;rk % vkfFkZd eanh ds -------------------tudizhr flag-
xkS&ew= ds lkFk vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa ls cuk tSo dhV fod"kZd ikS/kksa] ekuo ,oa i;kZoj.k LokLF; ds fy, mi;qDr vt; dqekj flag ,oa vpZuk JhokLro Qlykas esa yxus okyh ykxr esa dhVuk'kdksa ij gksus okyk O;; ,d izeq[k en gS] D;ksafd Qlyksa ij dhVksa ,oa C;kf/k;ksa dk izdksi vf/kd gksrk gSA cnyrh tyok;qfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;g izdksi vkSj vf/kd gksus yxk gS vkSj fdlku viuh Qly dks cpkus ds fy, o vf/kd equkQk dekus ds fy, jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa dk vU/kk/kqU/k iz;ksx djrs gSaA bl leL;k dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, Hkkjr ljdkj ds foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ea=ky; ds dksj liksVZ ifj;kstuk ¼lhM fMohtu½ ds lg;ksx ls xksj[kiqj ,Uok;jUes.Vy ,D'ku xzqi us mÙkj izns'k ds xksj[kiqj ,oa fcgkj ds if'peh pEikj.k ftys esa LFkkuh; Lrj ij miyC/k lalk/kuksa ls cuus okys tSo dhV fod"kd Z ij O;kid 'kk/sk ,oa mi;kx s djds bldh mi;kfsxrk dks fl) fd;k gAS
Lo;a lgk;rk lcls cM+h lgk;rk % vkfFkZd eanh ds f[kykQ etcwrh ls [kM+s gq, ns'kt fdlku tudizhr flag
LFkkuh; Lrj ij lCt+h mRiknu m"kk ,l] eatw ,e uS;j ,oa nsfodk , ,l
dksfoM egkekjh ds le; esa] yksxksa ds fy, jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk dks cuk;s j[kuk vkSj c<+kuk igys dh vis{kk vf/kd egRoiw.kZ FkkA dsjy esa fdlkuksa ,oa ukxfjdksa us x`gokfVdk ,oa ?kjksa dh Nrksa ij lqjf{kr lfCt+;ka Hkkstu mxkus esa cgqr ls uokpkjksa dks djus dk iz;kl fd;k gS ftlls LoLFk ,oa iks"k.k;qDr Hkkstu rd mudh igq¡p c<+h Hkh gSA
mRikndksa ,oa miHkksDrkvksa dks ,d eap ij ykus ds fy, gfj;k.kk m|ku foHkkx ,oa lkslZ Vsªl fMftVy IysVQkeZ lefUor :i ls dke dj jgs gSaA fMftVy igy QkeZj izksM~;wlj vkxsZukbts'kuksa dks cktkj ls vf/kd ewY; izkIr djus ds fy, ckr&phr djus gsrq l'kDr cuk jgh gS] ftlls mRikndksa dks csgrj izkfIr gks jgh gSA
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®wv
3
ØãU ¥¢·¤... lEikndh;] yhtk+ bf.M;k fgUnh fo”ks"kkad dk fnlEcj] 21 vad vkids le{k izLrqr gSA fiNys 2&3 o"kksZa esa oSf”od Lrj ij O;kid cnyko vk;k gS] ftls LFkkuh; Lrj ls ysdj oSf”od Lrj rd lHkh us eglwl fd;k gSA ekpZ 2020 ds igys rd fLFkfr;ka bruh fodV ugha FkhA ;|fi tyok;q ifjorZu ,d cM+h leL;k Fkh] ftlls iwjk fo”o tw> jgk Fkk vkSj izR;sd O;fDr] leqnk;] izns”k] ns”k] fo”o blls fuiVus vius rbZa iz;kl dj jgk Fkk] tks vkt Hkh tkjh gS vkSj vkxs Hkh tyok;q ifjorZu ds ifj.kke@nq"ifj.kke lkeus vkrs jgsaxs] ijUrq 20 ekpZ] 2020 ds ckn fLFkfr;ksa esa cM+k myV&Qsj fn[kkA igyh ckj iwjs fo”o esa ykWd Mkmu yxkA LFkkuh; ls ysdj oSf”od Lrj rd lHkh rjg dh ;k=k,a ,oa muds lk/ku cUn gq,A yksxksa us [kqn dks ?kjksa esa dSn dj fy;kA ,d rjg ls Lo?kksf"kr d¶Z;w yx x;kA bl chp ,d oxZ ,slk Hkh Fkk] ftlds Åij lc ds fy, jkstejkZ dh lfCt+;ka] vukt] nygu] frygu@ mRikfnr djus tqVkus dh ftEesnkjh Fkh] vkSj og oxZ lcls vf/kd ijs”kku gqvkA mlds mRikn [ksrksa esa lM+us yxsA mRiknksa dks cktkj rd ys tkus ds fy, ifjogu ugha FkkA fdlh rjg ls ifjogu dk tqxkM+ dj yksx cktkj rd x;s Hkh rks [kjhnnkj ugha feysA vFkkZr~ fdlku oxZ dks gj rjg ls ijs”kkuh gqbZ] ysfdu fQj Hkh bl oxZ us gkj ugha ekuh vkSj izR;sd ifjfLFkfr dk eqdkcyk djus ds fodYi ryk”krs jgsA dgha mUgksaus ykxr de djus ds lkFk tho txr ,oa i;kZoj.k dh lsgr dh fpUrk djrs gq, tSfod o izkÑfrd [ksrh dh vksj vius :>ku dks cnyk rks dgha ij rS;kj mRiknksa ds ewY; lao/kZu djus dh fn”kk esa u;s&u;s iz;ksx fd;sA muds bl iz;klksa esa muds Lo;a ds lkFk&lkFk Lo;alsoh laxBuksa dk Hkh egrh ;ksxnku jgk] ftUgksaus fofHkUu izdkj ds fuos”kksa ,oa rduhdksa@vH;klksa ij mudh tkudkjh c<+kbZ vkSj ykHk dh vksj vxzlj fd;kA bUgha vuqHkoksa ,oa lQyrkvksa dks lesVs gq, yht+k dk ;g vad lkeus gSA if=dk dk igyk ys[k ,- vkuUndqekj }kjk fyf[kr ^^tSfod lCth dh [ksrh** gSA bl ys[k eas mUgksaus tSfod fof/k ls lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh djus dh fn”kk esa fdlkuksa dks izksRlkfgr djus gsrq Lo;alsoh laxBu vkfo"dkj ds iz;klksa dks izLrqr fd;k gSA ^^ lkSj ÅtkZ ds ek/;e ls mRiknksa dks lq[kkdj ewY; lao/kZu** uked ys[k if=dk esa nwljs ik;nku ij gS] ftls Jh jkds”k ds okfj;j ,oa Jh egs”k ,u ykMs }kjk fy[kk x;k gS ftlesa ys[kd}; us gjh lfCt+;ksa ds Hk.Mkj.k ds fy, muds futZyhdj.k gsrq lksyj Mªk;j rduhd dh lgk;rk ls fdlkuksa }kjk ykHkkfUor gksus dh dgkuh dks foLrkj ls crk;k gSA if=dk dk rhljk ys[k Jh vt; dqekj flag ,oa vpZuk JhokLro }kjk fy[kk x;k gSA ^^xkS&ew= o vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa ls cuk tSo dhV fod"kZd % ikS/kksa] ekuo ,oa i;kZoj.k LokLF; ds fy, mi;qDr** uked bl ys[k esa ys[kd}; us LFkkuh; Lrj ij miyC/k vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa dh ifÙk;ksa ,oa xkS&ew= dk mi;ksx dj rS;kj rjy inkFkZ tSo dhV fod"kZd dh oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k ls mikns;rk ,oa mi;ksfxrk dks fl) fd;k gSA pkSFks uEcj ij m"kk ,l] eatw ,e uS;j ,oa nsfodk , ,l }kjk fyf[kr ^^LFkkuh; Lrj ij lCth mRiknu** gSA bl ys[k esa ysf[kdkx.kksa us dsjy esa “kgjh {ks=ksa ,oa mlds ifj/kh; {ks= esa jgus okys yksxksa dks Lo;a ds miHkksx ds fy, x`gokfVdk ,oa ?kjksa dh Nrksa ij lCth mxkus gsrq izksRlkfgu djus gsrq ljdkjh ,oa xSj ljdkjh iz;klksa dks n”kkZ;k gSA if=dk dk ik¡pok o vfUre ys[k ^^Lo;a lgk;rk lcls cM+h lgk;rk % vkfFkZd eanh ds f[kykQ etcwrh ls [kM+s gq, ns”kt fdlku** gSA dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds dkj.k yxs ykWdMkmu dh otg ls mRiUu gq, vkfFkZd eUnh ,oa mlls fuiVus gsrq es?kky; esa LFkkuh; fdlkuksa }kjk fd;s tk jgs iz;klksa ij vk/kkfjr bl ys[k dks tudizhr flag us fy[kk gSA vUr esa if=dk esa “kkfey fd;s x;s ys[kksa dh mi;ksfxrk ,oa O;ogk;Zrk ij vkids lq>koksa ,oa fopkjksa dh izrh{kk esa--lEiknd e.My
4
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv
UÁñçß·¤ âŽÊæè ·¤è ¹ðÌè °. ¥æÙ‹Î ·é¤×æÚUU rqedwj ds lCt+h mxkus okys fdlku ikfjfLFkfrdh fodYiksa dh rjQ LFkkukUrfjr gksdj cgqr ls ykHk izkIr dj jgs gSaA blds lkFk gh os vius [ksr ij fofo/k izdkj dh Qlyksa vkSj isM+kas dks yxkdj [ksr ds LFkkbZRo esa Hkh lq/kkj yk jgs gSaA rqedwj ftys ds rqedwj vkSj dksjkVxsjs rkyqd ds mnhZxsjs vkSj dksykyk gkscyh dks ijEijkxr :i ls lCth mRiknu ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ds yxHkx 76 izfr'kr fdlku NksVh ,oa lhekUr Js.kh ds gSa vkSj muds ikl [ksrh ;ksX; tehu ,d ls nks ,dM+ ds chp gSA vf/kdk¡'k fdlku viuh vkthfodk ds fy, lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh ij fuHkZj djrs gSaA vf/kdk¡”k fdlku lfCt+;ksa dks ,d O;olkf;d Qly ds rkSj ij mxkrs gSaA lkekU;r% os VekVj] chUl] cSxu] fHk.Mh] vkyw] fepkZ] QwyxksHkh ,oa iÙksnkj lfCt+;ka mxkrs gSaA pwafd ;s fdlku bu lfCt+;ksa dks cktkj ds fy, mxkrs gSa] blfy, ;s vius [ksrksa esa jlk;fud moZjdksa] dhVuk”kdksa ,oa [kj&irokj uk”kdksa dk tedj mi;ksx djrs gSa] ftlls mudh [ksrh dh ykxr c<+rh tkrh gSA
;gka ds fdlku tSfod vH;klksa ds ckjs esa tkurs Hkh ugha gSa vkSj e`nk o ty laj{k.k tSlh xfrfof/k;ksa dks viukdj lalk/ku laj{k.k dh fn”kk esa dksbZ iz;kl Hkh ugha djrs gSaA blds lkFk gh mUur xfrfof/k;ksa ij mUgsa le; ls tkudkjh Hkh ugha fey ikrh gS vkSj u gh Kku ,oa tkudkfj;ksa dks ,d&nwljs ds lkFk lk>k djus ds fy, dksbZ eap Hkh miyC/k gSA {ks= esa o"kZ 2011 ls dke dj jgh LoSfPNd laxBu vkfo"dkj l?ku :i ls efgyk l”kfDrdj.k] xzke Lrjh; laxBuksa ,oa Ñf"kxr fodkl xfrfof/k;ksa ij dsfUnzr gSA rqedwj vkSj dksjkVxsjs rkyqdksa esa vkfo"dkj us yxHkx 157 Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa rFkk 20 fdlku Dycksa dk xBu fd;k gSA bl {ks= esa tSfod Ñf"k vH;klksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, vkfo"dkj us o"kZ 2017 esa] lso bf.M;u QkeZlZ] ;w0,l0,0 ds lg;ksx ls ,lvkbZ,Q&tSfod [ksrh ifj;kstuk ij dke djuk izkjEHk fd;kA blus fofHkUu xfrfof/k;ksa ds ek/;e ls o"kZ 2017&2018 ds nkSjku 15 fdlkuksa vkSj 2018&2019 ds nkSjku 17 fdlkuksa dks lg;ksx iznku fd;kA vuqiugYyh us Jh pju dh tSfod VekVj dh [ksrh
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv
5
40&50 Qynkj ikS/k ,oa 70&80 okfudh ds ikS/k Hkh iznku fd;s x;sA [ksr dh esM+ksa ij <Sapk ,oa gsekVk tSlh pkjk iztkfr;ksa dks yxkus gsrq fdlkuksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k x;kA Qynkj ikS/kksa ,oa okfudh ikS/kksa dks [ksr ds pkjksa rjQ esM+ksa ij ,oa [ksrksa esa yxk;k x;kA izfrHkkfx;ksa ds [ksrksa eas cgq Qly ,oa Qly pØksa dks Hkh viuk;k x;kA
ifj.kke izR;sd fdlku us ,d&,d ,dM+ esa lCth dh [ksrh dhA fdlkuksa us cSxu] rqjbZ] djsyk] VekVj ,oa chUl mxk;kA tSfod [ksrh ls lEcfU/kr eqn~nksa ij ppkZ djus ds fy, gj eghus feyrs fdlku
izR;sd xk¡o esa xzke Lrjh; cSBdksa ds nkSjku tSfod [ksrh esa :fp j[kus okys 2&3 fdlkuksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA bu p;fur fdlkuksa ds vk/kkjHkwr vk¡dM+ksa dks ,d= fd;k x;kA fdlkuksa dks tSfod [ksrh vH;klksa ds Åij izf”kf{kr fd;k x;kA lQy tSfod [ksrksa dk ,Dlikstj Hkze.k Hkh bu fdlkuksa dks djk;k x;kA fdlkuksa us eSlwj ftys ds MksMkcYykiqjk esa Jh ukjk;.k jsM~Mh ds [ksr dk] gqUlqj esa Jh dksfMikiUuk ds [ksr rFkk ck,Q] ,oa frIrwj esa ck,Q dk Hkze.k fd;kA fofHkUu tSfod vH;klksa tSls& oehZ dEiksLV ,oa o`{k vk/kkfjr [ksrh iz.kkfy;ksa dks izksRlkfgr djus gsrq izn”kZuksa dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA izkjEHk esa] 10&15 xq.Vk esa chUl] VekVj vkSj iÙksnkj lfCt+;ksa dks mxkdj tSfod [ksrh dk izn”kZu fd;k x;kA iks"kd rRoksa ls Hkjiwj dEiksLV [kkn ds mi;ksx] thokezqr] oehZ okW'k] uhe [kyh] lw{e tSfod rRoksa dk vdZ] VªkbdksMekZ] uhe dk lkcqu] uhe dk rsy ,oa nlikjuh vkfn ds iz;ksx dks c<+kok fn;k x;kA thokeqzr] nlikjuh ,oa iks"kd dEiksLV rS;kj djus ds Åij bu fdlkuksa dks izf”kf{kr fd;k x;kA ifj;kstuk vUrxZr vkPNkfnr xk¡oksa esa ekfld cSBdksa ds nkSjku fdlkuksa dks tSfod [ksrh ls lEcfU/kr cgqr ls uokpkj rduhdksa dks Hkh crk;k x;kA Ñf"k foKku dsUnz fgjsgkYyh ds Ñf"k oSKkfudksa ,oa vU; vkS|kfud fo'ks"kKksa }kjk rduhdh lg;ksx Hkh iznku fd;k x;kA oehZ dEiksLV bdkbZ] ikS/k vk/kkfjr dhVuk'kd rS;kj djus gsrq Mªe] lksyj VªSiksa dh LFkkiuk djus rFkk ,Dlikstj ,oa izf'k{k.k vk;ksftr djus esa fdlkuksa dks lg;ksx iznku fd;k x;kA fdlkuksa dks izfr ,dM+ oehZdEiksLV ds mi;ksx dks viukus ls fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa esa dsapqvksa dh la[;k esa o`f) gqbZ gS vkSj [ksr iks"k.k;qDr gq, gSaA 6
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv
fdlkuksa us le`) [kkn] rjy moZjd ¼thokezqr½] gjh [kkn ,oa oehZ dEiksLV ds mi;ksx ds ek/;e e`nk moZjrk dks c<+kus ,oa le`) djus dh vko”;drk dks eglwl fd;k gSA mUgksaus cht mRiknu] cht mipkj] oehZ dEiksLV] thokezqr ds mi;ksx] efYpax ,oa tSfod lCth mRiknu vH;klksa dks Rofjr xfr ls viuk;kA ik¡p fdlku oehZ&dEiksLV [kkn cuk jgs gSaA oehZ dEiksLV ds mi;ksx ls fdlkuksa ds [ksrksa esa dsapqvksa dh la[;k c<+h gS vkSj [ksr moZj gq, gSaA ifj;kstuk ls tqM+s lHkh fdlkuksa }kjk puk] yksfc;k ds chtksa ds lkFk gjh [kkn ,oa uhe [kyh rFkk thokezqr dk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA blls e`nk dh moZjrk c<+h gS o e`nk esa tSfod dkcZu ds Lrj dks lq/kkjus esa lgk;rk feyh gSA [ksrh ds rjhds
fdlkuksa }kjk viukbZZ x;h rduhd
e`nk ,oa ueh laj{k.k
e`nk vkSj ty izcU/ku vH;kl
o`{k vk/kkfjr [ksrh
fdlku /khjs&/khjs o`{k vk/kkfjr [ksrh ds egRo dks le>s gSa vkSj os fefJr okfudh isM+ vkSj ckxokuh vk/kkfjr isM+ksa dks yxk jgs gSaA
cht mipkj
vdZ ekbØksfc;y dUlksfVZ;e] VªkbdksMekZ fofjn ,oa chtkezqr ds lkFk mipkfjr
cqokbZ ,oa ikS/k jksi.k
NksVs ikS/kksa dk mi;ksx] ikS/kksa ds chp mfpr nwjh j[kuk] e'khuksa ds ek/;e ls ?kklksa dk fu;a=.k
e`nk moZjrk esa o`f)
oehZ dEiksLV [kkn] QkeZ ;kMZ [kkn] le`) [kkn] uhe [kyh] thokezqr] tSo&moZjd ,oa tSfod [kkn
dhV ,oa O;kf/k tSo&fu;a=.k ,ts.Vksa ,oa tSo& izcU/ku dhVuk'kdksa dk mi;ksx
fpDduxS;k rqedwj ftys ds nqxkZngYyh xk¡o ds jgus okys ,d fdlku gSA buds ikl nks ,dM+ tehu gSA ;g lfCt+;ka ,oa vU; Qlysa mxkrs gSaA fpDduxS;k dh tehu o"kkZ vk/kkfjr gksus ds dkj.k] ckj&ckj lw[kk iM+ tkus dh otg ls og vf/kd mRiknu ugha ys ikrs FksA gky ds o"kksZa esa Hkwty Lrj esa vR;f/kd fxjkoV vkus ds dkj.k muds [ksr esa yxk cksjosy Hkh iwjs [ksr ds fy, ikuh ugha ns ikrk FkkA fpDduxS;k us ,lvkbZ,Q&vkxsZfud QkfeZax ifj;kstuk ds vUrxZr vkfo"dkj }kjk vk;ksftr izf”k{k.kksa ,oa ,Dlikstj Hkze.kksa esa lfØ;rk ls Hkkx fy;kA mUgksaus vius ?kjsyw miHkksx ds fy, iÙksnkj lfCt+;ksa] chUl] VekVj] fepkZ ,oa vU; yrknkj lfCt+;ksa dks mxk;kA mUgksaus tSfod vH;klksa dks viukrs gq, cktkj ds fy, Hkh cSxu] VekVj o chUl dks mxk;kA os izR;sd jfookj dks rqedwj esa fdlku tSfod lCth cktkj esa viuh lfCt+;ksa dks csprs gSaA muds ifjokj dks izfro"kZ vkSlru :0 25000-00 ls 30000 ds chp “kq) ykHk gksrk gSA fpDduxS;k izlUurk ls dgrs gSa] ^^eSa izR;sd lIrkg :0 1000-00 dek ysrk gw¡A** mUgksaus vius [ksr esa laLFkk ls izkIr uhacw ds 60 ikS/ks] lgtu ds 30 ikS/ks vkSj ekykckj uhe ds 50 ikS/ks yxk j[ks gSaA lHkh ikS/ks vPNh rjg fodkl dj jgs gSaA blds vykok mUgksaus Lo;a Hkh uhcw ds 50 ikS/ks [kjhns vkSj mls 15 QhV dh nwjh ij vius [ksr esa yxk fn;kA orZeku esa] muds [ksr esa pkjk ikS/k i;kZIr ek=k esa yxs gSa vkSj muds tkuojksa ds fy, [kwc pkjk fey jgk gSA vius [ksr esa yxs <Sapas ds ikS/kksa dk csgrj ,oa Hkjiwj mi;ksx djus ds fy, mUgksaus nks cdfj;ka [kjhnh gSaA mudh iRuh] tks igys fudV ds xk¡oksa eas tkdj jkst etnwjh djrh Fkha] vc os ,d iw.kZdkfyd [ksfrgj efgyk ds :i esa iwjs le; viuh [ksrh esa gh layXu jgrh gSaA
fdlkuksa dk dguk gS fd e`nk dh xq.koÙkk esa lq/kkj gqvk gSA vyqenkZiY;k xk¡o ds jgus okys Jh osadVs”k dk dguk gS fd e`nk dh xq.koÙkk esa lq/kkj gqvk gS] feV~Vh eqyk;e gqbZ gS vkSj bldh ty/kkj.k {kerk Hkh csgrj gqbZ gSA fdlku ,dy [ksrh ds vykok fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj dh fefJr [ksrh iz.kkfy;ksa ij tkudkjh izkIr dj jgs gaSA ifj;kstuk {ks= esa fdlku Qly pØ dh xfrfof/k viuk jgs gSaA ,dhÑr dhV izcU/ku ,oa ,dhÑr iks"k.k izcU/ku ds ek/;e ls i;kZoj.k lEer mRiknu vH;klksa dks viuk;k x;k gS] ftlls mRiknu ykxr ?kVkus esa enn feyh gSA ikfjfLFkfrdh fodYiksa esa cnyko ds ifj.kkeLo:i jlk;fud moZjdksa dk mi;ksx de gks x;k gS] ftlls Xykscy okfeZax ds fy, mÙkjnk;h xzhu gkÅl xSlksa esa ls ,d ukbVªsVl dk mRltZu okrkoj.k de gqvk gSA
o`{k vk/kkfjr Ñf"k iz.kkyh ds vUrxZr o`{k ?kVd ds ,dhdj.k ds ek/;e ls orZeku Ñf"k iz.kkyh ds LFkkbZRo dks c<+k;k x;k gSA okfudh iztkfr;ka] Qy iztkfr;ka ,oa pkjk dh [ksrh ds ek/;e ls p;fur fdlkuksa ds [ksr esa ikS/k fofo/krk esa o`f) gqbZ gSA vkus okys fnuksa esa ;s fdlku vU; fdlkukas ds fy, iz{ks= izn”kZu djsaxsA ,d tSfod Qksje izqFoh vkWxsZfud Qksje dk xBu fd;k gS] tgk¡ ij fdlku eghus esa ,d ckj feyrs gSa vkSj viuh cSBdksa esa tSfod [ksrh ds eqn~nksa ij ppkZ djrs gSaA bu cSBdksa esa Ñf"k foKku dsUnz ds oSKkfudksa] izxfr”khy tSfod fdlkuksa vkSj Ñf"k foHkkx ds deZpkfj;ksa dks Hkh vkeaf=r fd;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa] bl eap dks vkxsZfud QkeZj izksM~;wlj dEiuh esa cnyus dh ;kstuk gS vkSj bldh iathdj.k izfØ;k py jgh gSA ,Q-ih-vks- csgrj ekdsZafVax lqfuf”pr djsxk] D;ksafd orZeku esa rqedwj tSfod vkmVysVksa ds ek/;e ls mRiknksa dks cspk tk jgk gS vkSj izR;sd jfookj dks fdlku rqedwj esa tSfod lCth cktkj esa mRikn csp jgs gSaA tSfod lfCt+;ksa ,oa vU; mRiknksa dh fcØh dh lqfo/kk ds fy, rqedwj esa ,d tSfod vkmVysV [kksyus dh Hkh ;kstuk gSA ;|fi tSfod rjhdksa ls [ksrh djus ls dqN fdlkuksa dh Qly uqdlku gksus ds Hkh mnkgj.k gSa] fQj Hkh Ñf"k laLFkkuksa ls O;fDrxr ckr&phr] iszj.kk vkSj fujUrj ekxZn”kZu ds ek/;e ls fdlkuksa ds fgr dks mPp Lrj ij cuk;s j[kk x;k gSA 4&5 o"kksZa dh vof/k esa] ifj;kstuk vUrxZr vkPNkfnr xk¡oksa dh lw[kh Hkwfe c<+h gqbZ [kk| lqj{kk] pkjs dh miyC/krk vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ds izfr yphysiu ds lkFk fofo/khÑr [ksrh cu tk;sxhA a04@gmil.co U°. ¥æًηé¤×æÚU ÂçÚU ØæðÁÙæ çÙÎðàæ·¤ ¥æçßc·¤ æÚU , Ìé×·ê¤ ÚU ·¤ ÙæüÅU ·¤ §ü×ðÜ Ñ avishkar2004@gmail.com Small farmers and safe vegetable cultivation LEISA INDIA, Vol. 22, No.3, September 2020
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv
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UâæñÚU ª¤Áæü ·ð¤ ×æŠØ× âð ©UˆÂæÎæð´ ·¤æð âé¹æ·¤ÚU ×êËØ â¢ßÏüÙ ÚUæ·ð¤àæ ·ð¤ ßæçÚUØÚU °ß¢ ×ãUðUàæ °Ù ÜæÇðU lksyj ds ek/;e ls lq[kkus dh rduhd dk ,dhdj.k djrs gq, izeq[k mRiknksa dk Ñf"k;sÙkj ewY; lao/kZu dj efgyk fdlkuksa ds laxBu ykHkkfUor gks jgs gSaA fodsUnzhd`r m|e ds ek/;e ls ,d rjQ tgk¡ yksxksa dh ek¡x dks iwjk fd;k tk jgk gS] ogha nwljh rjQ izlaLdj.k ds ek/;e ls fdlku Hkh csgrj vk; izkIr djus esa l{ke gks jgs gSaA ,df=r lfCt+;ksa dks cktkj rd ys tkrs
cgqr ls Qyksa vkSj lfCt+;ksa ds mRiknu esa Hkkjr dk izFke LFkku gSA lexz :i ls dgk tk;s rks] Hkkjr Qyksa vkSj lfCt+;ksa dk nwljk lcls cM+k mRiknd ns”k gSA ijUrq lcls cM+k mRiknd ns”k gksus ds ckotwn Hkkjr esa dqiks"k.k dbZ Lrjksa esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bldk lcls cM+k dkj.k iwjs o"kZ Qyksa ,oa lfCt+;ksa dh vkiwfrZ u gks ikuk gSA fofHkUu vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj iwjs o"kZ esa ?kjsyw Lrj ij lfCt+;ksa o Qyksa dh dVkbZ@rqM+kbZ ds dkj.k yxHkx 20&30 izfr”kr Qyaksa o lfCt+;ksa dk uqdlku gks tkrk gS vFkkZr~ ewY; esa ns[ksa rks izfro"kZ vkSlru yxHkx :0 50]000-00 djksM+ :i;s ewY; ds Qy o lfCt+;ksa dh {kfr gks tkrh gSA blds fy, ewY; esa mrkj&p<+ko] le; dh deh ,oa vi;kZIr Hk.Mkj.k] laj{k.k vkSj dVkbZ ds ckn ds vH;kl eq[; :i ls mÙkjnk;h gksrs gSaA
fodYi gks ldrk gSA lksyj ds ek/;e ls lq[kkuk fofHkUu iksLV gkosZLV rduhdksa esa ls ,d gS tks fodsUnzhÑr izlaLdj.k ds lkFk feyk gqvk gSA bl rjhds ls de le; esa [kjkc gksus okys [kk| mRiknksa dk ty lq[kkdj mudk jax] iks"k.k ewY; vkSj lqxU/k dks ;Fkkor cuk;s j[krs gq, mudh thou vof/k dks c<+k;k tkrk gSA cnyrh thou “kSyh vkSj idkus ds fy, rS;kj [kk| lkefxz;ksa dks izkFkfedrk nsus dh ekufldrk mitus ds dkj.k bl rjg ds O;kikj dh vlhe laHkkouk,a gSaA mijksDr ds vkyksd esa] ck,Q }kjk iq.ks ds m:yhdapu DyLVj esa lksyj Mªkbax ds ek/;e ls Qyksa vkSj lfCt+;ksa dks lq[kkus dk ik;yV izkstsDV fd;k x;k FkkA
cgq/kk fdlkuksa dks vius tYn lM+us&xyus okys mRiknksa dks vkSus&ikSus nkeksa ij cspus ds fy, ck/; gksuk iM+rk gSA cgqr ckj rks fdlkuksa dks viuh mRiknu ykxr ls Hkh de nke ij mRiknksa dks cspuk iM+rk gSA dksbZ&dksbZ mRiknd gh izlaLdj.k@ewY; lao/kZu dh izfØ;k viukrs gSaA ewY;o/kZu dh izfØ;k T;knkrj O;olkf;d laLFkkvksa }kjk vkS|ksfxd Lrj ij fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa mRiknksa dk ,d=hdj.k] izlaLdj.k vkSj iSdsftax tqM+k gksrk gSA ykWftfLVd] ifjogu vkSj ÅtkZ ds lUnHkZ esa ns[ksa rks izlaLdj.k l?ku gksrk gSA bl izdkj fdlku de ewY; dh [kjkc gksus okyh lkefxz;ksa eas tksf[ke mBkrs gSa tcfd izlaLdj.kdrkZ ewY;o/kZu dk ykHk mBkrs gSaA
ck,Q }kjk m:yhdapu {ks= esa y?kq ,oa lhekUr fdlkuksa dks o"kZ Hkj vk; vtZu djus gsrq l{ke cukus ds fy, LFkkbZ vkthfodk xfrfof/k;ksa dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA DyLVj esa fdlkuksa ds ikl vkSlru 4 ,dM+ Hkwfe gS vkSj izR;sd ik¡pok O;fDr xjhch js[kk ds uhps vkrk gSA ;gk¡ flafpr {ks= le`) gS] ysfdu vU; {ks= de fodflr gSA
fdlkuksa dks vius mRiknksa dk ewY; lao/kZu djus esa l{ke cukuk muds fy, LFkkbZ vk; miktZu dk ,d csgrj 8
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv
igy
iq.ks “kgj ds ckgjh {ks= esa fLFkr m:yhdapu ,d ,sls v/kZ&”kgjh {ks= dk mnkgj.k gS] tgk¡ vf/kdk¡”k fdlku iÙksnkj lfCt+;ka] VekVj] I;kt xUuk vkfn dh [ksrh djrs gSaA pØh; mRiknu ,oa vkiwfrZ i)fr;ka ekSleh mrkj&p<+ko ds vk/kkj ij r; gksrh gSa] ysfdu fof”k"V mRiknksa dh ek¡x ;k rks fLFkj gksrh gS ;k fQj vkiwfrZ pØ ds lkFk esy ugha [kkrh gSA “khr Hk.Mkjx`gksa esa mRiknksa dks Hk.Mkfjr djus tSls iksLV&gkosZLV fodYi cgqr lhfer
vkSj eg¡xs gksrs gSaA cgqr ckj] ;g vuqHko gksrk gS fd mRiknkas dh ykxr ds cjkcj ewY; cgqr eqf”dy ls feyrk gSA ;g Hkh vuqHko fd;k x;k fd iwjs o"kZ fuf”pr mRiknksa dh vkiwfrZ lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, jktekxZ ij gksVyksa@Hkkstuky;ksa ds fudV DyLVj dh vR;f/kd vko”;drk gSA ewY; esa vkus okys mrkj&p<+ko ,oa tcjnLrh fcØh tSlh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls cpko dh vko”;drk FkhA bls n`<+rk ls eglwl fd;k x;k fd ;g m|e igy ds fy, ,d fVªxfjax fcUnq FkkA m:yhdapu esa ik;yV ifj;kstuk ds vk/kkj ij lksyj Mªkbax ds ek/;e ls Qyksa vkSj lfCt+;ksa ds ikuh dks lq[kkuk izkjEHk fd;k x;k FkkA m:yhdapu DyLVj esa ik;yV ifj;kstuk dk izkjEHk ,d foØssfUnzÑr rjhds ls fd;k x;k] ftlesa izR;sd izfrHkkxh dks ,d Mªk;j fn;k x;kA vkthfodk ds fy, rduhd izlkj igy ds ,d Hkkx ds rkSj ij fofHkUu izdkj dh rduhdksa dks leqnk; esa yk;k x;k] ftlesa ls ,d lksyj Mªk;j FkkA izR;sd izfrHkkxh ds ikl ,d Mªk;j dh LFkkiuk dh x;hA lksyj Mªk;j esa vYVªk ok;ysV fdj.kksa ls cpko dk ,d mYys[kuh; igyw tksM+k x;k ftlls mRiknksa ds jax] lqxU/k ,oa iks"k.k vius ewy voLFkk esa gh cus jgs] tks lkekU;r% [kqyh /kwi esa lq[kkus ls u"V gks tkrs gSaA blfy, bls mi;qDr :i ls ^^rkt+xh lnk------ Lokfn"V ges”kk--------A** dgk tkrk gSA ?kj ds Lrj ij lq[kkus dk dk;Z djus rFkk lewg Lrj ij mRiknksa dk ,d=hdj.k] iSfdax vkSj foi.ku ds fy, efgykvksa us lewg dk xBu fd;kA ;g n`f"Vdks.k ;g lqfuf”pr djrk gS fd efgyk,a vius ?kjksa ls dke djds vk; vtZu djus esa l{ke gSa rks ogha nwljh vksj lkewfgd :i ls dk;Z djrs gq, vFkZO;oLFkk dks mUur dj ldrh gSaA bl igy dks fuEu fcUnqvksa ds rgr~ fMtkbu fd;k x;k&
ch@lh xzsM dh lfCt+;ksa dh LFkkuh; Lrj ij [kjhn ;k izeq[k :i ls vius Lo;a ds mRikn ds mi;ksx djsaA
LoPN ,oa ueh eqDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dfVax] Mªkbax] ;fn vko”;d gks rks ikoMfjax ,oa iSfdax djukA
[kjhn djus okyh ,tsfUl;ksa] LFkkuh; cktkjksa] [kk| J`a[kykvksa vkfn ds lkFk tqM+ko LFkkfir djukA bl xfrfof/k ds ek/;e ls tgk¡ efgykvksa dks ?kj ls gh dke dj iSlk dekus esa l{ke cukuk lqfuf'pr djuk Fkk rks ogha lkewfgd dk;Z ds ek/;e ls vFkZO;oLFkk dks Hkh ykHk igq¡pkuk FkkA
Lksyj Mªk;j dk mi;ksx VekVj] vnjd] I;kt] LVhfo;k] lgtu dh ifÙk;ka] ikyd] esFkh vkfn cgqr lh lfCt+;ksa@mRiknksa dks lq[kkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA phdw ds fpIl] rS;kj iwju pikrh@¼egkjk"Vªh;u O;atu½] rS;kj ikyd vkSj esFkh ijkBk] pqdUnj dk ikmMj vkfn dqN [kkus ds fy, rS;kj mRiknksa dks Hkh LFkkuh; Lrj ij fodflr fd;k x;kA lq[kkus ds fy, mi;ksx fd;s tkus okys dPps eky ;k rks LFkkuh; Lrj ij izfrHkkfx;ksa }kjk mxk;s tkrs gSa ;k fQj LFkkuh; Lrj ij nwljs fdlkuksa ls [kjhn fy;k tkrk gSA Fkksd esa vkMZj feyus ij xq.koÙkk dh tk¡p djus ds ckn iSdsftax dk dke izfrHkkfx;ksa }kjk iwjk dj fy;k tkrk gS vkSj [kqnjk vkMZj ij iSdsftax ,oa ysofyax dk dke ladYi LVksj }kjk iwjk dj fy;k tkrk gSA ;g n`f"Vdks.k bl ckr dks iq"V djrk gS fd lq[kkus dk dke O;fDrxr Lrj ij djus ds ckn rc ,d=hdj.k dk dke lewg Lrj ij fd;k tkrk gSA blls ;g lqfuf”pr gksrk gS fd efgyk,a vius ?kjksa ls dke dj ldrh gSa] ysfdu cM+s iSekus ij vkus okyh ek¡x dks iwjk djus ds fy, viuh lkewfgd 'kfDr ls Hkh ykHk mBk ldrh gSaA mRiknkas ds iksVZQksfy;ks vkSj O;ogk;Zrk dks fuEufyf[kr rkfydk ds ek/;e ls lk/kkj.k rjhds ls le>k tk ldrk gS& mRiknksa dks nks rjhds ls cspk x;k& ,d ^^ladYi** uked [kqnjk vkmVysV ds ek/;e lsA igys efgyk lewgksa dks âçŽÊæØæ¢- ßÌü×æÙ ×ð´ ©UˆÂæçÎÌ ©UˆÂæÎ-ÕæÁæÚU ©UÂÜŽÏ (ÂýÍ× ßÚUèØÌæ)
âçŽÊæØæ¢- ßÌü×æÙ ×ð´ ÙãUè´ ©UˆÂæçÎÌ ©UˆÂæÎ- ÕæÁæÚU ©UÂÜŽÏ (çmÌèØ ßÚUèØÌæ)
âçŽÊæØæ¢- ßÌü×æÙ ×ð´ ÙãUè´ âçŽÊæØæ¢- ßÌü×æÙ ×ð´ ©UˆÂæçÎÌ ©UˆÂæÎ- ÕæÁæÚU ·¤æ Ù ãUæðÙæ ©UˆÂæçÎÌ ©UˆÂæÎ- ÕæÁæÚ ·¤æ Ù ãUæðÙæ (âÕâð ‹ØêÙ ßÚUèØÌæ) ·¤× ßÚUèØÌæ)
izksRlkfgr fd;k x;k] vc la?k cuk;k x;k gS] tks m|e&Lrj dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks lapkfyr djrh gSA bl la?k ds vUrxZr] m:yhdapu esa o"kZ 2013 esa [kk| ,oa izlk/ku mRiknksa ds fy, ,d nqdku dh LFkkiuk dh x;h] ftls ^^ladYi** ds uke ls tkurs gSaA foi.ku dk nwljk ek/;e Fkksd esa izkIr vkMZjksa ds vk/kkj ij eky vkiwfrZ djuk gSA m|e dk lapkyu] izcU/ku vkSj j[k&j[kko lHkh dsoy lnL;ksa }kjk lEikfnr fd;k tkrk gSA gS.M gksfYMax lg;ksx vkSj izf”k{k.k ck,Q Vhe }kjk miyC/k djk;k tkrk gSA jkst lq[kkuk ,oa Mªk;jksa dk izcU/ku ,oa j[k&j[kko O;fDrxr :i ls fd;k tkrk gSA lksyj ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®wv
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ckDl 1 % lksyj Mªk;j ;wfuV dk foLr`r fooj.k ekax dks iwjk djus vkSj O;ogkfjd lapkyu ds fy,] 2 eh0 x 2 eh0 vkdkj dk 20 fdxzk0 xhyh yksfMax {kerk okys 15&20 Mªk;j dk gksuk t:jh gSA Mªk;jksa dks iwjs o"kZ esa 8&9 ekg rd izfr ekg 20 fnu pyuk pkfg,A ,d LFkkfir cktkj ds fy, laHkkfor mRikn iksVZQksfy;ks bl izdkj gksaxs & 1- VekVj] djSyk] ykSdh] [khjk] dn~nw vkfn lfCt+;ka ¼lq[kkus dk vuqikr % 10 fdxzk %1 fdxzk] xhyh yksfMax {kerk % 15 fdxzk0 izfr cSp½ 2- vnjd] fHk.Mh] fepZ vkfn lfCt+;ka ¼lq[kkus dk vuqikr % 6 fdxzk %1 fdxzk] xhyh yksfMax {kerk % 17&20 fdxzk0 izfr cSp½ 3- ikyd] uhe] rqylh] lgtu vkfn dh ifRr;ka ¼lq[kkus dk vuqikr % 5 fdxzk %1 fdxzk] xhyh yksfMax {kerk % 10 fdxzk0 izfr cSp½ 4- vadqfjr ewax] eVdh vkfn lfCt+;ka ¼lq[kkus dk vuqikr % 1-5 fdxzk %1 fdxzk] xhyh yksfMax {kerk % 15 fdxzk0 izfr cSp½
Mªk;jksa dk lcls egRoiw.kZ ykHk ;g gS fd bldh ykxr ^^thjks jfuax** gSA blds lkFk gh] blesa dksbZ pyu”khy ;k fo|qr lEcU/kh ?kVd u gksus ds dkj.k j[k&j[kko ux.; gSA fQj Hkh] dqN NksVs&NksVs eqn~ns vkrs gh jgrs gSaA tSls ,d ckj vpkud Hkkjh ckfj”k ds dkj.k vYVªk ok;ysV fQYVj “khV dh {kfr ns[kh x;hA
foLrkj nsuk rduhdksa dks viukus esa {ks= dh v/kZ “kq"d tyok;qfod ifjfLFkfr;ka cgqr lgk;d jgh gSaA lksyj Mªk;j dk mi;ksx dj izfrHkkfx;ksa us cgqr ls [kk| mRiknksa dks fodflr fd;kA os ch vkSj lh xszM dh lfCt+;ksa dks Hkh izlaLÑr dj ldrs gSa] ftUgsa cgq/kk Ñf"k vif”k"V ds :i esa Qsad fn;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa] bl igy ds ek/;e ls] izR;sd izfrHkkxh lnL; izfrekg :0 2500-00&3000-00 ds chp vfrfjDr vkenuh izkIr dj jgs gSaA bl ik;yV igy ls izkIr ykHkksa ds vk/kkj ij] vkSj vf/kd lksyj Mªk;jksa dks yxkus dh ek¡x leqnk; dh rjQ ls vk jgh gSA 2018&2019 ds chp 100 vU; Mªk;jkas dks yxk;k x;kA Mªk;j ds ewY; dk yxHkx 20 izfr”kr ykxr lnL;ksa }kjk va”knku ds :i esa fn;k x;kA tcfd dqN izksRlkgu lg;ksx] lapkyukRed O;; vkfn dks lewg }kjk ogu fd;k x;kA lewg us ^^U;wVªhlksy** czk.M uke ls foi.ku dk dke “kq: fd;k gSA ^^U;Vªhlksy** dk vFkZ gSS& lksyj Mªk;j ds ek/;e ls U;wVªhf”ku dk laj{k.kA lnL;ksa dks 10
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv
LoPNrkiwoZd izlaLdj.k] iSdsftax ,oa foi.ku ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij izf”kf{kr fd;k x;kA orZeku esa] ,d l?ku tqM+ko LFkkfir djus ds Åij /;ku dsfUnzr fd;k tk jgk gSA ekulwu ds le; dks NksM+dj iwjs o"kZ esa 8&9 eghus iwjh rjg lapkfyr gksus ds ckn bl m|e ls 20&30 izfr”kr rd ykHk izkIr gks ldrk gSA lkSj ÅtkZ ds izkÑfrd lalk/kuksa dk lrr~ nksgu djus okyk ;g ,d u;k vkSj mHkjrk gqvk {ks= gSA blds lkFk gh] de ykxr laj{k.k ykHkizn gS vkSj ewY; dks c<+kus esa enn djus okyk gSA fQj Hkh] m|e ds lkeus cgqr lh pqukSfr;ka gSaA cjlkr ds ekSle esa] tc gjh lfCt+;k Hkjiwj ek=k esa miyC/k gksrh gSa] ml le; ckfj”k gksus ds dkj.k lksyj Mªk;j dks csgrj rjhds ls lapkfyr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA futZfyr lfCt+;kas dk cktkj cgqr cM+k gksus ds ckotwn ckt+kjksa ls tqM+ko vHkh Hkh vius izkjfEHkd pj.k esa gS vkSj blhfy, lqfuf”pr ek¡x vkSj foi.ku pqukSfr;ka gSaA mi;ksx&miHkksx ds ckn vf/k”ks"k cpus ds fl)kUr ij dk;Z gks jgk gSA dHkh&dHkh ek¡x esa o`f)@;k fdlh vU; foÑfr;kas ds dkj.k fdlku viuh rkth lfCt+;ksa dks cspdj rqjUr ykHk dek ysrs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa lksyj Mªk;j m|ksx dks dPps eky dh deh lEcU/kh pqukSrh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA orZeku esa] ;g m|ksx dsoy lhfer vkdkj ds vkMZjksa dks iwjk dj ikus esa l{ke gSA viuh lHkh lhekvksa ds lkFk] ;g igy VªkfiDl ds fy, mi;qDr ik;h x;h gSA dPps eky dh fLFkj vkiwfrZ ds lkFk] ;g igy cM+s iSekus ij yksxksa dh ek¡x dks iwjk dj ldrh gSA bl izdkj ds fodsUnzhÑr ekWMy efgykvksa dks l”kDr cuk ldrs gSa] xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dks etcwrh iznku dj ldrs gSa vkSj i;kZoj.k esa Hkh ldkjkRed ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSaA vkHkkj % ;g ik;yV igy jktho xk¡/kh foKku ,oa rduhdh deh”ku] egkjk"Vª ljdkj }kjk lgk;frr gSA blds foLrkjhdj.k dks ,p,lchlh lk¶~Vos;j Msoyies.V vaxzsth izkbosV fyfeVsM dh rjQ ls lg;ksx iznku fd;k x;kA fodsUnzhÑr m|e ekWMy esa mi;ksx fd;k tkus okyk Mªk;j ,l-Qksj-,l- rduhd }kjk fodflr lksyj daMD”ku Mªk;j gSA UÚUæ·ð¤àæ ·ð¤ ßæçÚUØÚU ×é Ø ·¤ æØü·ý¤ × ¥çÏàææâè¤ §ü×ðÜ Ñ rakeshkwarrier@baif.org.in U×ãðUàæ °Ù ÜæÇðU ßçÚU DïU ÂçÚU ØæðÁÙæ ¥çÏ·¤ æÚU è¤ §ü×ðÜ Ñ maheshlade@baif.org.in Õæ°È¤ ÇðßÜÂ×ð‡ÅU çÚU â¿ü Ȥ æ©U ‡ÇU ðU àæÙ Õæ°È¤ ÖßÙ, ÇU æ0 ×ÙèÖæ§ü Îðâæ§ü Ù»ÚU °Ù.°¿. y, ßæÚU Áð, Âé‡æð- yvv®z} Small farmers and safe vegetable cultivation LEISA INDIA, Vol. 22, No.3, September 2020
U»æñ-×ê˜æ ·ð¤ âæÍ ¥æñáÏèØ ÂæñÏæð´ âð ÕÙæ ·¤ÚU Áñß ·¤èÅU çß·¤áü·¤ ÂæñÏæð´, ×æÙß °ß¢ ÂØæüßÚU‡æ SßæS‰Ø ·ð¤ çÜ° ©UÂØéQ¤ ¥ÁØ ·é¤×æÚU çâ¢ãU °ß¢ ¥¿üÙæ ŸæèßæSÌßU Qlykas esa yxus okyh ykxr esa dhVuk'kdksa ij gksus okyk O;; ,d izeq[k en gS] D;ksafd Qlyksa ij dhVksa ,oa C;kf/k;ksa dk izdksi vf/kd gksrk gSA cnyrh tyok;qfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;g izdksi vkSj vf/kd gksus yxk gS vkSj fdlku viuh Qly dks cpkus ds fy, o vf/kd equkQk dekus ds fy, jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa dk vU/kk/kqU/k iz;ksx djrs gSaA bl leL;k dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, Hkkjr ljdkj ds foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ea=ky; ds dksj liksVZ ifj;kstuk ¼lhM fMohtu½ ds lg;ksx ls xksj[kiqj ,Uok;jUes.Vy ,D'ku xzqi us mÙkj izns'k ds xksj[kiqj ,oa fcgkj ds if'peh pEikj.k ftys esa LFkkuh; Lrj ij miyC/k lalk/kuksa ls cuus okys tSo dhV fod"kZd ij O;kid 'kks/k ,oa mi;ksx djds bldh mi;ksfxrk dks fl) fd;k gSA jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa ,oa moZjdksa dk ekuo LokLF; ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh iz.kkyh ij O;kid nq"izHkko iM+rk gSA fodkl'khy ns'kksa tSls&Hkkjr] usiky vkfn esa c<+rh tula[;k dh [kk| t:jrkas dks iwjk djus ds fy, Qlyksa ,oa lfCt+;ksa dk mPp mRiknu ysus gsrq fdlku vR;f/kd ek=k esa jlk;fud moZjdksa ,oa dhVuk'kdksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA MhMhVh] vkxsZuks&QklQksjl] dkckZesV tSls dhVuk'kdksa ij iwoZ esa fd;s x;s ,d v/;;u ls Li"V irk pyrk gS fd ekuo LokLF; ij buds udkjkRed izHkko iM+rs gSa vkSj euq"; b.MksØkbu] iztuu lEcU/kh fodkj ,oa vU; chekfj;ksa ls xzflr gks tkrk gS vkSj mldk tksf[ke c<+ tkrk gSA bu jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa dk nq"izHkko ekuo ds lkFk&lkFk i'kqvksa ij Hkh iM+rk gSA Hkkstu ,oa pkjs ds ek/;e ls bu jlk;uksa dks xzg.k djus ds lkFk gh ;s jlk;u gok esa ?kqydj mls Hkh iznwf"kr dj nsrs gSa] ftlls yksxksa dks 'okal lEcU/kh fnDdrksa dk Hkh lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ;gh ugha bu jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa dk vf/kd le; rd iz;ksx djus ls ty ,oa e`nk iznw"k.k Hkh gksrk gS vkSj feV~Vh esa ekStwn [ksrh ds fy,
tSo dhV fod"kZd rS;kj djus gsrq lkexzh Mkyrs fdlku
vko';d ,oa egRoiw.kZ lw{e thok.kq u"V gks tkrs gSaA jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa ds iz;ksx ls gksus okys nq"izHkkoksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, bl ckr dh vko';drk eglwl dh x;h fd fdlkuksa dks bl ckr ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tk;s fd os i;kZoj.klEer oSdfYid dhVuk'kd rS;kj dj mldk mi;ksx djsaA bl gsrq mUgsa LFkkuh; Lrj ij miyC/k vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa dh ifÙk;ksa tSls& uhe] Hkkax] /krwj] enkj] esmM+h o dusj dh ifÙk;ksa] yglqu dk isLV rFkk xkSew= dk mi;ksx dj tSo dhV fod"kZd rS;kj djus ds Åij izf'kf{kr fd;k x;k ,oa rS;kj mRikn dk fofHkUu izdkj dh lfCt+;ksa ij mi;ksx dj izHkkoksa dks tk¡pk x;kA
eq[; 'kCn tSfod] dhV] fod"kZd] vkS"k/kh; ikS/ks] xkSew=] izHkko] LokLF;] i;kZoj.k
v/;;u {ks= toS dhV fod"kd Z dk ;g ry q ukRed v/;;u Mh0,l0Vh0 dksj liksVZ ifj;kstuk ds vUrxZr vkPNkfnr xksj[kiqj tuin ds nks fodkl[k.Mksa& dSfEi;jxat ,oa taxy dkSfM+;k ds Øe'k% 5 ,oa 8 xk¡oksa rFkk if'peh pEikj.k ds ukSru iz[k.M ds 5 xk¡oksa esa fd;k x;kA bu rhuksa fodkl[k.Mksa dk p;u djus ds ihNs izeq[k dkj.k ;g Fkk fd ;s rhuksa fodkl[k.M vkSj muds vUrxZr p;u fd;s x;s xk¡o ck<+ izHkkfor gSa vkSj ;gk¡ ij lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh cgqrk;r esa gksrh gSA blds lkFk gh ;s ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv 11
O;olkf;d iz;ksx gsrq rS;kj tSo dhV fod"kZd bdkbZ
uokpkj ,oa rqyukRed Qk;ns
rhukas fodkl[k.M tuin esa dhVuk'kdksa dk lokZf/kd iz;ksx djus okys fodkl[k.Mksa esa 'kkfey gSaA Mh0,l0Vh0 dksj liksVZ ifj;kstuk ds vUrxZr bu {ks=ksa dk p;u djus ds ckn fdlkuksa ds lkFk ckr&phr ,oa ppkZ esa ;g fudydj vk;k fd ;gk¡ ij fdlku lfCt+;ksa esa yxus okys fofHkUu dhVksa dh leL;k ls fuiVus ds fy, yxkrkj jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa dk O;kid iz;ksx dj jgs gSa] ftlls ,d rjQ rks ekuo] i'kq LokLF; ,oa i;kZoj.k ij izHkko iM+rk gS] rks ogha nwljh rjQ budh [ksrh dh ykxr Hkh c<+rh tk jgh gSA
eVdk tSo dhV fod"kZd rS;kj djus dh fof/k
LFkkuh; Lrj ij vklkuh ls miyC/k gksus okyh dqN pqfuUnk vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa dh ifÙk;ksa ,oa xkS&ew= ds feJ.k ls ;g tSo dhV fod"kZd rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA fofHkUu lkefxz;ksa dh ek=k fuEu rkfydk la0 1 esa nh tk jgh gS&
rkfydk la0 1 % tSo dhV fod"kZd dzekad 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
lkexzh uhe dh iÙkh ¼Azadirachta indicia½ /krwjk dh iÙkh¼Azadirachta indicia½ dusj dh iÙkh¼Cascabela thevetia½ enkj dh iÙkh¼Calotropis gigantean½ Hkkax dh iÙkh ¼Cannabis indicia½ ygluw rkM s k+ gv q k¼Cascabela thevetia½ xkS&ew= ikuh
ek=k 400 xzke 250 xzke 400 xzke 400 xzke 300 xzke 400 xzke 8 yhVj 2 yhVj
mijksDr lHkh lkefxz;ksa dks ,d 12 yhVj dh {kerk okys eVds esa Hkj dj mls fdlh ydM+h dh lgk;rk ls vPNh rjg feyk nsaxs] mlds ckn eVdk ds eq¡g dks lwrh diM+s ls cka/kdj Nk;knkj LFkku ij j[k nsaxsA 22 fnuksa esa ;g tSo dhV fod"kZd rS;kj gks tkrk gSA 12
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv
LFkkuh; Lrj ij lHkh vo;o izkIr gks tkrs gSaA ykxr 'kwU; ds cjkcj gSA i;ko Z j.k] LokLF; o en`k ds fy, dkbsZ diqHzkko ugha gAS ;g xfrfof/k xzkeh.k LoPNrk dk;ZØe dk lg;ksx
djrh gSA bldks efgyk,a Hkh vklkuh ls cuk ysrh gSaA bldk dksbZ nq"izHkko ugha gSA fdlkuksa ds fe= dhVksa dk uqdlku ugha gksrk gSA lHkh Qly dh _rqvksa esa cuk;k tk ldrk gSA blds fNM+dko ds ckn lfCt+;ksa dh foi.ku O;oLFkk izHkkfor ugha gksrh gSA
tSo dhV fod"kZd dk v/;;u rS;kj dhV fod"kZd dk ijh{k.k lh/ks [ksr ij fd;k x;kA bl gsrq igyh ckj ykSdh (Lagenaria siceraria (Bottle gourd)] fHk.Mh (Abelmoschus esculentus (Ladies 'finger)] cSxu (Solanum melongena (Brinjal)] ljlks (Brassica campestris (Mustard)] eDdk (Zia mays (Maize) ,oa /kku (Oryza sativa (paddy) ds 50 ikS/kksa (rkfydk 2) rFkk ckn esa 100 ,sls ikS/kksa (rkfydk 4) dks pquk x;k] ftu ij lwaMh] QyhNsnd] QyeD[kh] ekgks] fVM~Mk] xU/kh dhV] est b;j okeZ vkSj lSfud dhVksa dk izdksi FkkA bu pqus gq, ikS/kksa ij ,d yhVj dhV fod"kZd esa 10 yhVj ikuh feykdj dhM+ksa ls cpko gsrq mu ij fNM+dko fd;k x;kA ;g fNM+dko 7 o 15 fnu ds vUrjky ij 'kke ds le; fd;k x;kA blds lkFk gh izR;sd ckj fcuk fNM+dko fd;s x;s ikS/kksa dk Hkh v/;;u fd;k x;kA ;g ik;k x;k fd fNM+dko ds ckn ikS/kksa ds Åij ;s lHkh dhV ugha yx jgs gSaA
rkfydk la0 2 % ikS/kksa ij mipkj@v/;;u mipkj iz;ksx ls igys iz;ksx ds 7 fnu ckn iz;ksx ds 14 fnu ckn fu;a=.k izfr'kr esa
bdkbZ 50 ikS/kk 50 ikS/kk 50 ikS/kk &
lwM+h 03 02 01 67
QyhNsnd iÙks dkVus okys dhV est 12 03 08 01 02 00 83 100
b;j okeZ fVM~Mk lSfud dhV 05 14 04 02 05 01 01 00 01 80 100 75
mijksDr v/;;u ls Li"V gqvk fd iRrh dkVus okys dhVksa ,oa fVM~Mk ij bl tSo dhV fod"kZd dk lokZf/kd izHkko iM+rk gS vkSj ;fn fu;fer iz;ksx fd;k tk;s rks budks jksdk tk ldrk gSA bldk lcls de izHkko lwaM+h ij iM+rk gSA rkfydk la0 3 % 100 ikS/kksa ij mipkj@v/;;u mipkj bdkbZ lwM+h iz;ksx ls igys 100 ikS/kk 20 iz;ksx ds 7 fnu ckn 100 ikS/kk 15 iz;ksx ds 14 fnu ckn 100 ikS/kk 10 fu;a=.k izfr'kr esa & 50
QyhNsnd iÙks dkVus okys dhV est 08 11 06 08 03 05 63 54
bl v/;;u ds nkSjku ik;k x;k fd bl dhV fod"kZd dk lokZf/kd izHkko xU/kh dhVksa ij iM+kA
xq.koÙkk dk vkdyu rS;kj tSo dhV fod"kZd dh xq.koÙkk rFkk ikS/kksa ds LokLF; ij budk izHkko tkuus ds fy, nks egRoiw.kZ fcUnqvksa &^^DyksjksfQy dUVs.V ,oa ukbVªsV fjMDVsl ,UtkbZe dh xfrfof/k** dks tkuus ds fy, iz;ksx'kkyk esa tkap dh x;hA blds vUrxZr nks eq[; Qlyksa& ykSdh vkSj cSxu dks ysdj 10 fnu vkSj 20 fnu ds ckn mipkj fd;k x;kA tk¡p ds ifj.kke dks fuEu fcUnqvksa ds vUrxZr ns[kk tk ldrk gS& ifÙk;ksa esa DyksjksfQy dh ek=k
izdk'k la'ys"k.k dh izfØ;k ds fy, DyksjksfQy ,d egRoiw.kZ vo;o gSA blds ek/;e ls ikS/ks izdk'k ls ÅtkZ izkIr djrs gSaA DyksjksfQy dh ek=k dk vuqeku yxkus ds fy, eSdykpysu ,oa tkfyd (1963) rFkk fjpk ,oa vU; (2016) }kjk lq>kbZ x;h i)fr dk bLrseky fd;k x;k FkkA ik;k x;k fd ikS/kksa dh ifÙk;ksa esa DyksjksfQy dh i;kZIr ek=k miyC/k gSA ukbVªsV fjMDVsl ,UtkbZe dh xfrfof/k dk vkdyu
ikS/kks ds fy, ukbZVªkstu ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ vko';drk gS] ftlls ikS/ks e`nk ls ukbVªsV ds :i esa xzg.k djrs gSaA ukbVªsV fjMDVsl ,Utkbe dk vkdyu rktk ifÙk;ksa esa fd;k x;k FkkA bldk vkdyu djrs le; LVªhVj ,oa cksLyj] 1972 rFkk
b;j okeZ fVM~Mk lSfud dhV 50 10 25 22 07 13 18 03 03 64 70 88
JhokLro] 1990 }kjk lq>k;s x;s fu;eksa dk ikyu fd;k x;k FkkA ,.VhQaxy xfrfof/k
rS;kj tSo dhV fod"kZd ,.VhQaxy ds :i esa Hkh dk;Z djrk gSA iSFkktsu ds lkis{k foVªks tk¡p ds }kjk blus 100 izfr'kr QaxhlkbMy fØ;k dks iznf'kZr fd;kA fooks iz{ks= tk¡p ds nkSjku iz;ksx fd;s x;s ikS/kksa ij iSFkktsu dks ugha ns[kk x;kA
fo'ys"k.k rkfydk la0 3 ,oa 4 esa nh x;h lwpukvksa ds vk/kkj ij fo'ys"k.k djus ij Li"V irk pyrk gS fd ykSdh] fHk.Mh] cSxu] ljlks] eDdk ,oa /kku esa bl tSo dhV fod"kZd ds 7 ,oa 14 fnu ds vUrjky ij iz;ksx djus ij 50 ikS/kksa ij fd;s x;s ijh{k.k esa lwaMh dks 67 izfr'kr] QyeD[kh dks 83 izfr'kr] est b;j okeZ dks 80 izfr'kr rFkk lSfud dhVksa dks 70 izfr'kr rd fu;fU=r fd;k x;k tcfd bl dhV fod"kZd ds iz;ksx ls iÙkh dkVus okys dhVksa ,oa fVM~Mk dks 'kr&izfr'kr fu;fU=r fd;k x;kA blh izdkj 100 ikS/kksa dh bdkbZ okys iz{ks= esa bl tSo dhV fod"kZd dk 7 ,oa 14 fnu ds vUrjky ij iz;ksx djus ij lwaM+h dks 50 izfr'kr] QyhNsnd dks 63 izfr'kr] QyeD[kh dks 54 izfr'kr] ekgks dks 64 izfr'kr] fVM~Mk dks 70 izfr'kr ,oa xU/kh dhV dks 88 izfr'kr rd fu;fU=r fd;k tk x;kA bl rS;kj tSo dhV fod"kZd ds ifj.kke ;g iznf'kZr djrs gSa fd dqN fuf'pr ikS/kksa dh ifÙk;ksa] xkSew= ,oa
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv 13
yglqu ls rS;kj ;g rjy inkFkZ dhVksa dks Hkxkus ds fy, mi;qDr gSA bldk ikS/kksa ds LokLF; ,oa e`nk esa mifLFkr thok'eksa ij dksbZ gkfudkjd izHkko ugha iM+rk] tcfd jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa ls ikS/kksa dk LokLF; ,oa e`nk eas mifLFkr thok'e nksuksa ij nq"izHkko iM+rk gSA ;g Hkh ns[kk x;k fd bl tSo dhV fod"kZd ds mi;ksx ls e`nktfur chekfj;ksa tSls vYVjusfj;k ,lih] Q~;wtsfj;e ,lih ,oa ikbFksb;e ls Hkh cpko gksrk gS vkSj ikS/kksa dks chekjhjfgr cuk;k tk ldrk gSA gkyk¡fd] vHkh Hkh e`nk thok'eksa ,oa gkfudkjd iSFkkstsu ij blds izHkkoksa dks ns[kus gsrq foLr`r v/;;u fd;s tkus dh vko';drk gSA
fu"d"kZ rS;kj ^^tSo dhV fod"kZd** ,d izHkkoh mipkjkRed mRikn gS] tks fofHkUu gkfudkjd dhV ,oa iraxksa ds fo:) fofHkUu izdkj dh Qlykas ,oa lfCt+;ksa ij O;kid :i ls mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA vusd v/;;uksa ls ;g fl) gks pqdk gS fd jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa ,oa moZjdksa dk ekuo LokLF; ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh iz.kkyh ij cgqr ?kkrd izHkko gksrk gS vkSj ;s dkQh eg¡xs Hkh gksrs gSa] ftlls [ksrh dh ykxr Hkh c<+rh gSA rS;kj tSo dhV fod"kZd LFkkuh; Lrj ij miyC/k vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa dh ifÙk;ksa ,oa xkSew= ls rS;kj gksus ds dkj.k i;kZoj.k ij Hkh bldk dksbZ foijhr izHkko ugha iM+rk] ikS/kksa ,oa muds Qyksa ds Åij dksbZ nq"izHkko u gksus ls ekuo LokLF; ds fy, Hkh gkfudkjd ugha gksrk gS vkSj bldks rS;kj djus esa dksbZ fo'ks"k [kpZ Hkh ugha gksrkA vr% ijh{k.k ds vk/kkj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd /kku] ljlks ,oa fofHkUu izdkj dh lfCt+;ksa esa yxus okys fofHkUu dhVksa tSls& fVM~Mk] ekgks] xU/kh dhV] lwaM+h] Qyh Nsnd] QyeD[kh vkfn dks fu;fU=r djus ds fy, ;g tSo dhV fod"kZd ,d csgrj ck;ks mRikn gSA ;g 'kks/k v/;;u Mh0,l0Vh0 dksj liksVZ ifj;kstuk (lhM fMohtu) ds lg;ksx ls xksj[kiqj ,Uok;jUes.Vy ,D'ku xzqi }kjk lEikfnr fd;k x;kA ¥ÁØ çâ¢ãU ÂçÚU ØæðÁÙæ ¥çÏ·¤ æÚU è (ÂæðSÅU ãU æßðüSÅU Åð€ÙæÜæòÁè) ¥¿üÙæ ŸæèßæSÌß Âýæð»ýæ× ÂýæðÈð¤ àæÙÜ (âæðàæÜ °‡ÇU ¥æ§ü.ÅU è.) ÇU è.°â.ÅU è. ·¤ æðÚU âÂæðÅüU ÂçÚU ØæðÁÙæ »æðÚU ¹ÂéÚU °ÙßæØÚU ‹×ð‹ÅU Ü °€àæÙ »ýéÂ
Issues and Themes of LEISA INDIA Published in English 2008-2021 V.10, No. 1, 2008 -Towards Fairer Trade V.10. No. 2, 2008 - Living soils V.10, No. 3, 2008 - Farming and Social Inclusion V.10, No. 4, 2008 - Dealing with Climate Change V.11, No. 1, 2009 - Farming Diversity V.11, No. 2, 2009 - Farmers as Entrepreneurs V.11, No. 3, 2009 - Women and Food Sovereignty V.11, No. 4, 2009 - Scaling up and sustaining the gains V.12, No.1, 2010 - Livestock for sustainable livelihoods V.12, No.2, 2010 - Finance for farming V.12, No.3, 2010 - Managing water for sustainable farming V.13, No.1, 2011 - Youth in farming V.13, No.2, 2011 - Trees and farming V.13, No.3, 2011 - Regional Food System V.13, No.4, 2011 - Securing Land Rights V.14, No.1, 2012 - Insects as Allies V.14, No.2, 2012 - Greening the Economy V.14, No.3, 2012- Farmer Organisations V. 14, No.4, 2012- Combating Desertification V. 15, No.1, 2013- SRI: A scaling up success V. 15, No.2, 2013- Farmers and market V. 15, No.3, 2013- Education for change V. 15, No.4, 2013- Strengthening family farming V. 16, No. 1, 2014- Cultivating farm biodiversity V. 16, No. 2, 2014- Family farmers breaking out of poverty V. 16, No. 3, 2014- Family farmers and sustainable landscapes V. 16, No. 4, 2014- Family farming and nutrition V. 17, No. 1, 2015- Soils for life V. 17, No. 2, 2015- Rural-urban linkages V. 17, No. 3, 2015- Water-lifeline for livelihoods V. 17, No. 4, 2015- Women forging change V. 18, No. 1, 2016- Co-creation to knowledge V. 18, No. 2, 2016- Valuing underutilised crops V. 18, No. 3, 2016- Agroecology-Measurable and sustainable V. 18, No. 4, 2016- Stakeholders in agroecology V. 19, No. 1, 2017- Food Sovereignty V. 19, No. 2, 2017- Climate Change and Ecological appraches V. 19, No. 3, 2017- Ecological Livestock V. 19, No. 4, 2017- Millet Farming Systems V. 20, No. 1, 2018- Agroecological Value Chains V. 20, No. 2, 2018- Biological Crop Management V. 20, No. 3, 2018- Small Holders Farm Enterprises V. 20, No. 4, 2018- Agroecological Innovations Special Issue April 2018- Agroecology- A path towards SDGs V. 21, No. 1, 2019- Sustainable Aquaculture V. 21, No. 2, 2019- Recycling resources in agro ecological farms V. 21, No. 3, 2019- Agroecology- The future of farming V. 21, No. 4, 2019- Save the planet V. 22, No. 1, 2020- Special edition- Celebrating 20 years of knowledge on agroecology V. 22, No. 2, 2020- Digital Agriculture V. 22, No. 3, 2020- Small farmers and safe vegetable cultivation V. 22, No. 4, 2020- Agroecology and going local V. 23, No. 1, 2021- Bio-inputs for agroecology V. 23, No. 2, 2021- Value addition V. 23, No. 3, 2021- Healthy Horticulture
14
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®wv
USÍæÙèØ SÌÚU ÂÚU âŽÊæè ©UˆÂæÎÙ ©Uáæ °â, ×¢Áê °× ÙñØÚU °ß¢ Îðçß·¤æ ° °â dksfoM egkekjh ds le; esa] yksxksa ds fy, jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk dks cuk;s j[kuk vkSj c<+kuk igys dh vis{kk vf/kd egRoiw.kZ FkkA dsjy esa fdlkuksa ,oa ukxfjdksa us x`gokfVdk ,oa ?kjksa dh Nrksa ij lqjf{kr lfCt+;k¡ mxkus esa cgqr ls uokpkjksa dks djus dk iz;kl fd;k gS ftlls LoLFk ,oa iks"k.k;qDr Hkkstu rd mudh igq¡p c<+h Hkh gSA dsjy fiNys 2&3 n”kdksa esa lcls rst “kgjhdj.k djus okyk miHkksDrk jkT; gSA fiNys 10&15 o"kksZ esa dsjy esa Fkuky lfgr cgqr ls lewg tSfod lCth mRiknu dks c<+kok nsus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSaA blls “kgj ds cgqr ls LokLF; ds izfr ltx yksxksa ds vUnj cnyko vk;k gS vkSj os viuh vko”;drkuqlkj viuh x`gokfVdk vkSj vius ?kjksa dh Nrksa ij vius [kkus ds fy, lfCt+;ka mxkus yxs gSaA muesa ls cgqr ls yksx vius mRiknksa dks iM+ksfl;ksa dks ckaVus ,oa cspus Hkh yxs gSa vkSj ,sls gh yksxksa }kjk lkIrkfgd cktkj Hkh yxk;s tkus yxs gSaA
dksfoM&19 % ,d xse psUtj oLrqr % dksfoM&19 egkekjh vkSj ykWd Mkmu us ,d xse psUtj dh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA ykWd Mkmu tSlh vfuf”prrk Hkjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls fuiVus gsrq rS;kjh djus ds Øe esa] dsjy ds eq[;ea=h fiukjkbZ fot;u us LFkkuh; [kk| mRiknu] fo”ks"kdj lfCt+;ksa ,oa dUn mRiknu ds ek/;e ls ^^[kk| vkRefuHkZjrk** dk vkgoku fd;kA Ñf"k funs”kd MkW0 ds0 oklqfd us Hkh ?kj ij [kk| mRiknu gsrq vfHk;ku pykus ds fy, yksxksa dks izsfjr fd;kA fiNys rhu eghuksa esa] jkT; us ,d ,dhÑr [kk| lqj{kk ifj;kstuk dh “kq:vkr dh] ftlesa yksxksa dks ?kjksa esa [ksrh djus vkSj catj Hkwfe;ksa dks moZj cukus gsrq Hkh izksRlkfgr fd;k x;kA bldk vfuok;Z :i ls vFkZ O;fDrxr miHkksx ds fy, lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh djuk vkSj vius Lo;a ds mi;ksx ds fy, i”kq/ku dks cuk;s j[kuk FkkA yksxksa dks lfCt+;ksa dh ckxokuh “kq: djus gsrq izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, fo”ks"kdj lks”ky ehfM;k us ,d vPNh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA blds lkFk gh Ñf"k foHkkx us yksxksa dks lfCt+;ksa ds cht dh vkiwfrZ djuk izkjEHk fd;kA fdlkuksa ds lkFk dke dj jgs cgqr ls lewg Hkh LFkkuh; Lrj ij cht forfjr djus yxs gSaA yksx vius ?kj ds vkxs ;k ihNs [kkyh iM+h NksVh lh txg esa pkbuht vkyw] vjoh]
,d ih-th-,l- izekf.kr fdlku lth dqekjh tSfod cktkj esa lCt+h vkiwfrZ djrs gq,
dlkok] lwju vkfn mxkus yxs gSa vkSj mUgksaus ykWd Mkmu ds nkSjku vius rS;kj mRiknksa dks iM+ksfl;ksa ds lkFk lk>k fd;k FkkA
catj Hkwfe ls [kk| Hkwfe rd fiNys nks n”kd ls fdlkuksa ds lkFk dke djus okyh ,d LoSfPNd laxBu Fkuky us vizSy esa ^^QwM Ldsi** uked ifj;kstuk izkjEHk dhA bl ifj;kstuk dk mn~ns”; xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa catj Hkwfe dks [kk| Hkwfe esa cnyuk FkkA blds ihNs fopkj Fkk fd yksxksa ls /ku tqVk;k tk;s vkSj tc fdlku Qly rS;kj dj ysa rks yksxksa ls izkIr /ku ds cnys mUgsa [kk| lkexzh okil nsaA fdlkuksa vkSj xzkeh.k ;qokvksa dks fuos”k tSls& cht ,oa tSfod [kkn] izf”k{k.k rFkk Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh rduhdksa ,oa vH;klksa vkfn ds :i esa lg;ksx iznku fd;k x;kA fiNys nks ekg esa geus yxHkx 800 fdlkuksa dks cht] tSfod [kkn vkfn buiqV miyC/k djkus ds lkFk&lkFk e`nk] dhVksa ,oa O;kf/k;ksa ds tSfod izcU/ku ij izf”k{k.k fn;kA buesa iyDdM+ esa vV~VkiMh ftyk ,oa iFkueFkhV~Vk ds ukjkuewTgh ftys ds vkfnoklh leqnk; Hkh “kkfey gSa] tgk¡ fofHkUu dkj.kksa ls fiNys 20&30 o"kksZa esa [kk| mRiknu esa mYys[kuh; fxjkoV vk;h gSA ge vuqlwfpr tutkfr fodkl foHkkx ds lg;ksx ls o"kZ 2019 ls vV~VkiMh esa 19 xk¡oksa esa ^^Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh ds ek/;e ls iks"k.k i;kZIrrk** ij dke dj jgs gSaA bl ik;yV ifj;kstuk dk eq[; mn~ns”; iapÑf"k dgh tkus okyh mudh ikjEifjd Ñf"k ds lkFk gh mudh eksVs vukt vk/kkfjr [kk| iz.kkyh dks Hkh iquthZfor djuk FkkA tc geus bl ifj;kstuk dks “kq: fd;k rks efgyk&iq:"k nksuksa ds chp bls ysdj cgqr mRlkg FkkA cgqr ls csjkstxkj o Ñf"k esa :fp j[kus okys f”kf{kr ;qok ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv 15
bl ifj;kstuk ds lkFk tqM+ x;sA os iapÑf"k ds lkFk gh ubZ Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh vo/kkj.kk ds fo"k; esa vf/kd ls vf/kd tkudkjh ysuk izkjEHk dj fn;sA mUgksaus leqnk; ds cqtqxksZa ds lg;ksx ls ns”kt chtksa ,oa Ñf"k lEcU/kh vH;klksa dks lajf{kr djus gsrq ,d ik;yV ifj;kstuk vkjEHk dh vkSj mls ^^os/ks oys** vFkkZr~ cht dh Vksdjh uke fn;kA gekjs lkFk ckr&phr esa ,d ckj mUgksaus vkU/kz izns”k esa lapkfyr leqnk; izcfU/kr izkÑfrd [ksrh ds ckjs esa lquk vkSj rc os bls djds ns[kuk pkgrs FksA cgqr ls fdlkuksa us iz;ksx djus gsrq viuk lg;ksx iznku nsus dh ea”kk O;Dr dhA vpkud dksfoM 19 dk izdksi cjik vkSj lHkh dqN Bgj x;kA izFke ckj yxs ykWd Mkmu ds nkSjku geus dksj Vhe lnL;ksa ds lkFk l?ku ckr&phr ,oa lEidZ tkjh j[kkA tc lEiw.kZ ykWd Mkmu gVk rks geus ns”kt [kk| ,oa Ñf"k iz.kkyh fodflr djus ds egRo dks le>us okys cqtqxZ ,oa ;qok fdlkuksa dk lg;ksx djus ds fy, QwM Ldsi uked ifj;kstuk izkjEHk dhA muds ikl mRlkg Fkk vkSj ekuo lalk/ku Hkh Fkk] ysfdu foÙkh; lalk/kuksa dk vHkko FkkA mUgsa izfr ,dM+ :0 5000-00 vfxze /kujkf”k pkfg, FkhA ifj;kstuk QwM Ldsi ds ek/;e ls] Fkuky us bl /kujkf”k dh O;oLFkk dhA cgqr ls fe= ,oa miHkksDrk lalk/ku iznku djus ds fy, vkxs vk;sA geus mUgsa ;g izLrko fn;k fd ge mudh bl /kujkf”k dks vukt] nygu ,oa lfCt+;ksa ds :i esa mUgsa okil djsaxsA ;g ns[kdj cgqr [kq”kh gqbZ fd cgqr ls ,sls yksx Hkh Fks] tks cnys esa dqN Hkh ugha ysuk pkgrs FksA fdlkuksa us [ksrksa dh tqrkbZ dj chtksa dh cqokbZ djuk izkjEHk fd;kA gekjh ;qok Vhe us Lo;a ls yht+ ij dqN [ksr fy;k vkSj vU; fdlkuksa ds lg;ksx ls ml ij tSfod lCth mRiknu dk dk;Z izkjEHk fd;kA geus ;qok Vhe ds fy, izkd`frd [ksrh vkSj Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh] fo”ks"kdj dhV o C;kf/k izcU/ku ,oa tSfod [kknksa ij 6 l=ksa esa vkWuykbu izf”k{k.k dk vk;kstu fd;kA blds lkFk gh izkÑfrd [ksrh ij vU; laLFkkvksa }kjk vk;ksftr vkWuykbu izf”k{k.kksa esa Hkkx ysus gsrq Hkh mUgsa izksRlkfgr fd;k x;kA iBkukefFkV~Vk ftys eas ,d vU; nwljk vkfnoklh leqnk; dke ds fy, ckgj tkus eas l{ke ugha gS vkSj u gh dksfoM ds nkSjku muds ikkl djus ds fy, T;knk dke FkkA 13 fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj dh lfCt+;ksa ds cht ,oa tSo fuos”kksa ds :i esa yxHkx 480 ifjokjksa dks lg;ksx iznku fd;k x;kA muesa ls cgqr ls yksx Hkkjh ckfj”k ds dkj.k dke “kq: ugha dj ldsA bl chp] geus bl lewg ls dqN p;fur yksxksa ds fy, ,d izf”k{k.k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr djus dh ;kstuk cukbZA 16
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚU w®wv
Fkuky }kjk tSfod lCth dh [ksrh dh “kq:vkr geus o"kZ 2001 esa f=osUnze ftys ds nks iapk;rksa esa fdlkuksa ds lkFk dke djuk izkjEHk fd;kA ;g tSfod [ksrh ij ,d ik;yV ifj;kstuk Fkh] ftls dksokye ds fudV efgyk fdlkuksa ds lkFk lapkfyr fd;k x;kA mu fnuksa dsjy esa dhVuk”kdksa ,oa fo”ks"kdj b.MkslYQku dks ysdj l?ku cgl py jgh Fkh vkSj Fkuky us dhVuk”kdksa ds fo"k; esa tkudkfj;ksa dks lkeus ykus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA bl ifj;kstuk us ;g fn[kk;k fd fcuk jlk;fud dhVuk”kdksa ds Hkh [ksrh djuk laHko gSA [kk| mRiknu ij ppkZ vkSj [kk| esa vkRefuHkZjrk ykus dh ges”kk ls cgqr ls oSKkfudksa }kjk vkykspuk dh x;h vkSj blds ihNs mudk eq[; rdZ Fkk fd dsjy esa tksr dk vkdkj cgqr NksVk gksus ds dkj.k bl y{; dks izkIr djuk leL;kizn gSA bls ,d lhfer dkjd ds :i esa ns[kk x;k vkSj gekjh ifj;kstuk dk ,d mn~ns”; ;g Hkh Fkk fd ge ;g Hkh fn[kk,a fd NksVh tksr esa Hkh i;kZIr mRiknu izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj y?kq fdlku Hkh i;kZIr lfCt+;k mxk ldrs gSaA dsjy esa vPNh tyok;q o e`nk gS tks Qyksa vkSj lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh ds fy, mi;qDr gSA geus efgykvksa ds 3 Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dk xBu fd;k] ftuds ikl Lo;a dh cgqr Hkwfe ugha FkhA ,d o"kZ ds le; esa gh mUgksaus cM+h lQyrk iznf”kZr dh vkSj iapk;r us tSfod lCth ,oa dsyk mRiknu ds fu;kstu djus esa lgk;rk nsus gsrq gesa vkefU=r fd;kA bl lgk;rk ds ckn] Fkuky us jkT; ds fy, tSfod [ksrh uhfr fodflr djus gsrq jkT; ljdkj ds lkFk dke fd;kA
lkeqnkf;d jlksbZ LFkkuh; [kk| mRiknu ds ewY; dks le>us ds ckn] dsjy dh lHkh iapk;rksa us ykWd Mkmu ds nkSjku] lkeqnkf;d jlksbZ dh “kq:vkr dhA geus f=osUnze ds iapk;r djkdqye ds lkFk dke djuk izkjEHk fd;kA ;g iapk;r “kgj ds fcydqy fudV gS] ysfdu vHkh Hkh ;gk¡ ij y?kq ,oa lhekUr fdlkuksa dh cgqla[; vkcknh gSA iapk;r gekjs lkFk tqM+dj cgqr mRlkfgr FkhA e`nk dks mUur cukus ds fy, geus yxHkx 130 fdlkuksa (vf/kdk¡”k efgyk fdlku) dks lgk;rk ds rkSj ij QkfeZax fdV iznku dhA bl QkfeZax fdV esa fHkUu&fHkUu iztkfr;ksa dh lfCt+;ksa ds cht ,oa tSo fuos”k FksA tSfod lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh ds Åij dqN p;fur fdlkuksa dks nks izf”k{k.k Hkh fn;s x;sA pw¡fd fiNys eghus dksfoM ds dkj.k ljdkj }kjk dgha vkus&tkus ij izfrcU/k yxk;k x;k Fkk] blfy, cht izkIr djus okys rFkk cht izkIr djus ds fy, iathÑr lHkh fdlkuksa rd igq¡pus esa cgqr dfBukbZ
vk jgh Fkh] ysfdu fQj Hkh fdlkuksa us [ksrh djuk izkjEHk fd;kA ge yksx bl iapk;r esa ,d eksckby tSfod Dyhfud lsok pykus dh ;kstuk cuk jgs gSaA
esjh [kk| okfVdk pqukSrh ;g egkekjh gekjh Vhe ds chp] lkFk gh lkFk cgqr djhc ls tqM+s fdlkuksa ds chp Hkh cgqr Hkze dh fLFkfr mRiUu djus dk dkj.k cu jgh FkhA D;ksafd os dgha vkus&tkus esa l{ke ugha gks ik jgs Fks] dk;Z iwjk ugha dj ik jgs Fks] fdlkuksa ls ugha fey ik jgs Fks vkSj nLrkost vkfn rS;kj ugha dj ik jgs FksA rc mUgsa tksM+s j[kus rFkk tSfod [ksrh esa mudh fo”ks'kKrk dk mi;ksx djus ds fy, geus ^^esjh [kk| okfVdk pqukSrh** dh “kq:vkr dhA geus ,d OgkV~l xqzi cuk;k vkSj [ksrh ls tqM+h QksVkst+ dks lk>k djus yxs rFkk dhV izcU/ku] e`nk izcU/ku] LFkku dh leL;k vkfn eqn~nksa ds lek/kku ij dke djus yxsA blls cgqr fnypLi ,oa vFkZiw.kZ ckr ;g fudy dj vk;h fd izR;sd O;fDr ds ikl lQyrk dh dgkfu;ka gSa vkSj os bls lk>k djus dh vk”kk j[krs gaSaA ;gk¡ ij nks mnkgj.k fn;s tk jgs gSa %& dksokye ds fudV csYykj xk¡o dh izfeyk dgrh gSa] ^^tSfod lCth ckxokuh ds lkFk esjk dk;Zdky rc “kq: gqvk] tc ge 12 o"kZ iwoZ Fkuky laLFkk ds lkFk tqM+sA fiNys o"kZ] ge jgus ds fy, nwljs LFkku ij vk;s vkSj ;gka Hkh eSaus viuh Nr ij lfCt+;ksa dks mxkuk izkjEHk fd;kA eSaus Fkuky ls izkIr xzkscSxksa ,oa chtksa dks vius vkl&iM+ksl ds yksxksa dks Hkh ck¡Vk rkfd os izksRlkfgr gksdj ?kj ij lfCt+;k mxkuk izkjEHk djsaA eSaus fHk.Mh] fepZ] cSxu] ykSdh vkfn lfCt+;ksa dks mxk;kA vc ge chtksa] lfCt+;ksa dh ulZjh ,oa Qly dks vkil esa ck¡Vrs gSaA blls yksxksa ds lkFk gekjh fudVrk c<+ x;h gSA [ksrh&fdlkuh ds iwoZ ds vuqHkoksa ,oa Fkuky ds ifj;kstuk vf/kdkjh Jh v:.k ds lq>koksa ds vk/kkj ij] vc eSa yksxksa dks tSo dhV fu;a=.k ,oa tSfod [kkn ds ckjs esa crkus esa l{ke gks x;h gw¡A vxys pj.k ds rkSj ij] Fkuky eksckby ,xzh fDyfud Vhe }kjk pyk;s tk jgs izf”k{k.k ds ek/;e ls gekjs leqnk; esa yksx viuh [ksrh pdz dks c<+kus djus ds fo"k; esa lksp jgs gSaA eSa bl egkekjh dh ifjfLFkfr ds cnyus dh izrh{kk dj jgh gwa rkfd vius [ksfrgj leqnk; ls vf/kdkf/kd yksxksa dks tksM+ ldwa vkSj mUgsa vkRefuHkZj cuk ldwaA**
vnjd] gYnh] jrkyw] vjoh] xath] VekVj] fepZ] cSxu] djSyk] dqUn:] dn~nw ,oa Hkrqvk yxk;kA fuos”kksa ij dksbZ ykxr yxk;s fcuk ge vkRe fuHkZjrk izkIr djus dk iz;kl dj jgs gSa vFkkZr~ [ksrh ls lEcfU/kr lHkh dk;ksZa dks ge Lo;a djrs gSaA ge ?kj ds chtksa ls ulZjh rS;kj djrs gSa] Lo;a tSfod [kkn o tSo dhV fod"kZd rS;kj djrs gSa] [ksr dh tqrkbZ ,oa leryhdj.k djrs gSa] rkykc esa eNyh ikyrs gSa vkSj tc rkykc dk ikuh ikS/kksa ds fy, [kkn ds :i esa cny tkrk gS] rc bl ikuh dks iwjs [ksr esa ukyh cukdj ml jkLrs ls flapkbZ djrs gSaA cSxu vkSj [khjk ds lkFk dsys ds ikS/kksa ds chp esa jrkyw ,oa vjoh yxkdj vUr%Qlyh [ksrh i)fr dks viukrs gSaA gYnh vkSj vnjd ds dhV fu;a=d xq.kksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, budks chp&chp esa yxk;k tkrk gSA efYpax ds egRo dks le>rs gq,] ge twV dh cksfj;ksa ,oa lw[ks iÙkksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA ge vf/kdk¡”kr% tSfod cktkj esa nqqyZHk ekuh tkus okyh lfCt+;k¡ rFkk dsyk gh mxkrs gSaA geus vius ikfVax feJ.k dks cspuk Hkh izkjEHk dj fn;k] ftlls [ksr esa yxus okyh ykxr ds dqN Hkkx dks okil ik ldsaA ge lHkh yksx vius [ksr esa izfrfnu lqcg de ls de 3 ?kaVk dke vo”; djrs gSaA [ksrh esa lqcg&lqcg dke djus ls gesa ,d ubZ ÅtkZ feyrh gS vkSj ge iwjs fnu lfØ; o rjks&rktk cus jgrs gSaA blds lkFk gh gekjs LokLF; ,oa mtkZ ds Lrj esa Hkh dkQh lq/kkj gqvk gSA** dsjy esa ;g ,d Lokxr djus ;ksX; izo`fÙk gS] D;ksafd yksxkas ds chp jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk cuk;s j[kuk LokLF; ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ fopkj cu x;k gSA ,d LoLFk thou thus ds fy, iks"k.k;qDr [kk|] fo”ks"kdj Qy ,oa lfCt+;ka vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ gSaA dsjy dh HkkSxksfyd LFkykÑfr ,oa ;gk¡ dh e`nk Qyksa ,oa lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh ds fy, vR;Ur mi;qDr gSA ;s ns[kuk vR;Ur :fpiw.kZ ,oa vk”kkizn gS fd vc cgqr ls f”kf{kr ;qok yksx ^^esjk Hkkstu esjh ftEesnkjh** ds fo"k; esa ckr djus yxs gSaA U©Uáæ °â. ÍÙæÜ, ¥æðÇU è-x ÁßæãU ÚU Ù»ÚU , ÂæðSÅU -·¤ æðßæÇU æØÚU çÌM¤ ß‹ÙÌÂéÚU ×ï÷- {~z®®x ·ð¤ ÚU Ü §ü×ðÜ Ñ ushathanal@gmail.com Small farmers and safe vegetable cultivation LEISA INDIA, Vol. 22, No.3, September 2020
tSfod cktkj ds eSustj nhid dk dguk] ^^ge lkr yksxksa us feydj ,d tSfod fdlku fe= ls 1-5 ,dM+ tehu yht ij yh vkSj ^^osukM tSfod [ksr** uke ls ,d m|ksx vkjEHk fd;kA eq[; Qly ds :i esa dsyk]
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv 17
SßØ¢ âãUæØÌæ âÕâð ÕǸUè âãUæØÌæ
¥æçÍü·¤ ×¢Îè ·¤ð ç¹ÜæȤ ×ÁÕêÌè âð ¹Ç¸ðU ãéU° ÎðàæÁ ç·¤âæÙ ÁÙ·¤ÂýèÌ çâ¢ãU LFkkuh; mRiknksa dks cspus ds fy,] ^^ifg;ksa ij [ksr** uke ls dh tk jgh igy us ,d fodsfUnzr rjhds ls fofo/k LFkkuh; cktkjksa rd igq¡p cukus esa fdlku lewgksa dks l{ke cuk;k gSA bl igy us es?kky; esa ,ubZ,l,Q,,l ds lkFk lg;ksx LFkkfir djus okys nwljs lHkh fdlku lewgksa ds fy, ,d mnkgj.k izLrqr fd;k gS vkSj mUgsa bl ckr ds fy, Hkh mRlkfgr fd;k gS fd os bl viuk;sa vkSj vius {ks=ksa esa bls vkxs c<+k;saA orZeku esa iwjk fo”o dksfoM&19 uked ,d oSf”od egkekjh dh pisV esa gSA ;g egkekjh ,d rwQku cudj gj fdlh dks pisV esa ys jgh gS vkSj fofHkUu {ks=ksa dks xEHkhj :i ls izHkkfor dj jgh gSA blus iwjh nqfu;k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks ckf/kr dj fn;k gSA bldk lcls xEHkhj 18
ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çÎâ ÕÚUU w®wv
nq"izHkko NksVs o e>ksys fdlkuksa ij iM+ jgk gS] D;ksafd vFkZO;oLFkk esa eanh ls fuiVus ds fy, muds ikl vk/kkj iw¡th dh deh gksus ds dkj.k os fo”ks"k :i ls detksj gSaA fu;fer cktkjksa dks cUn dj fn;s tkus vFkok fu/kkZfjr ljdkjh izksVksdky ds dkj.k vk¡f”kd :i ls cktkjksa dks [kksys tkus dh otg ls bu NksVs&e>ksys fdlkuksa dks cM+h vkfFkZd dfBukbZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA gkyk¡fd ns”kh Kku ls ycjst+ fdlkuksa us bls ,d volj dh rjg fy;k vkSj bl dfBu le; dk lkeuk djus ds fy, f'kykax] es?kky; esa fLFkr ,d xSj ljdkjh laxBu **n ukFkZ bZLV Lyks QwM ,.M ,xzks ck;ksMk;oflZVh lkslk;Vh** (,ubZ,l,Q,,l) ds lkFk lg;ksx LFkkfir djrs gq, bl ladV ls fuiVus gsrq ,d uwru fodYi dh [kkst dhA xSj ljdkjh laxBu ,ubZ,l,Q,,l mÙkjh&iwohZ Hkkjr esa ns”kh [kk| iz.kkyh dks izksRlkfgr djus] mudks cpkus vkSj iquthZfor djus ds fy, dke djrk gSA