LEISA India - Tamil - December 2021 by LEISA India

,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

yP r h ,e; j pah jkpo; rpwg;gpjo; This issue in Tamil is a translated version of LEISA India magazine. This includes selected articles from LEISA India, originally published in English. Address : ame Foundation No. 204, 100 Feet Ring Road, 3rd Phase, Banashankari 2nd Block, 3rd Stage, Bangalore - 560 085, India Tel:

+91-080- 2669 9512, +91-080- 2669 9522

Fax:

+91-080- 2669 9410

E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in

Leisa India Chief Editor Managing Editor

yPrh vd;gJ Fiwe;j ntspapL nghUs; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. Rw;Wr;RoYf;F cfe;j topfspy; cw;gj;jpiaAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; ngUf;f tpUk;Gk; coth;fSf;F njhopw;El;g kw;Wk; r%f hPjpapyhd tha;g;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;Ffis msTld; gad;gLj;jp Njitg;gLk; NghJ ghJfhg;ghd msT ntspaPL nghUl;fis jpwd;gl ifahs;tjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; coth;fis> me;j r%fj;ij Ragyk; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rf;jp kpf;fth;fshfTk; khw;wp mjd;%yk; mth;fspd; vjph;fhyj;ij jq;fs; nrhe;j mwpT> jpwik>kjpg;gL P > fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis mikf;f cjTtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ khwptUk; #oy;fs; kw;Wk; NjitfSf;F Vw;g coth;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju gq;Fjhuh;fspd; jpwikfs;> gq;Nfw;G mZFKiwfs; %yk; gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk;> mwptpay; G+h;tkhd mwpitAk; ,izj;J mjd;%yk; nfhs;if cUthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp vjph;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;FtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ xU fUj;J> xU mZFKiw kw;Wk; tpNtfkhd nra;jp.

: K.V.S. Prasad : T.M. Radha

Translated by Suresh Kanna. K Translation coordination Veena Markande Administration Rukmini G. G. Design and Layout M.S. Vasanth Christopher Printing Blustream Printing India (P) Ltd., Bangalore Cover photo Farmers increasingly learn to use the weather app during COVID times Photo Credit: GEAG Different editions

• Regional Editions Telugu, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi and Oriya • Farming Matters The Global edition in English • LEISA Revista de Agroecologia The Latin American edition in Spanish • LEISA India The Indian edition in English • AGRIDAPE The West African edition in French • Agriculturas, Experiencias em Agroecologia The Brazilian edition in Portuguese The editors have taken every care to ensure that the contents of this magazine are as accurate as possible. The authors have ultimate responsibility, however, for the content of individual articles. The editors encourage readers to photocopy and circulate magazine articles. Supported by MISEREOR, Published by AME Foundation

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

kpnrshpah; vd;gJ tsh;r;rp xj;Jiog;gpw;fhf> n[h;kdp ehl;by; cs;s fj; N jhypf; f ghjphpahh; f shy; 1958 Mk; Mz; b y; epWtg; g l; l Xh; epWtdkhFk;. kpnrshpah; fle;j 50 tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf Mg;gphpf;fh> Mrpah kw; W k; yj; j P d ; mnkhpf; f ehLfspy; Vo; i k xopg; g jw; f hd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jd;id mh;gzpj;J gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. kjk;> ehfhPfk;> ghypdk; vd;w ve;j NtWghby;yhky; kdpj Fyj;jpd; Njitf;F jdJ cjtpia mspj;J tUfpwJ. Vio kw;Wk; gpd;jq;fpa kf;fs;> jhq;fshf Jtf;Fk; ve;j xU Kaw;rpf;Fk; MjuT nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;GfpwJ. cs;@h; $l;lhspfSld;> Fwpg;ghf fpUj;Jt Nfhapy;fNshL njhlh;Gila epWtdq;fs;> muR rhuh epWtdq;fs;> r%f ,af;fq;fs;> Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;NwhL ,ize;J gzpahw;Wtij tpUk;GfpwJ. gadhspfNshL ,ize;J> mjd; $l;lhspfs; cs;@h; ts Nkk;ghl;L Kiwfspy; cjtpAk;> jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jpAk; tUfpd;wdh;. ,t;topahfNt> kpnrshpah; jdJ $l; l hspfSld; ,ize; J njhlh; r ; r pahf khwptUk; rthy; f is vjph;nfhs;fpwJ. www.misereor.de; www.misereor.org V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Fiwe; j ntspapL nghUs; %yk; ,aw; i f ts Mjhuq; f s; Nkyhz; i kf; f hf ghuk; g hpa mwpitAk; > Gjpa fz; L gpbg; G njhopw; E l; g q; f isAk; xd; w pizj; J epiyj; j tho; t hjhug; gzpfis ngUf; F tjpy; <Lgl; L tUfpwJ. V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Ntshz; i kapy; khw;WfisAk;> mwpitAk; ngUf;FtjpYk;> gapw;rpfs; mspg;gjpYk;> tsh;r;rp gzpfspy; <Lgl;L tUk; epWtdq;fNshL njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;JtjpYk;> mDgtq;fis gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;> jf;fhz gPlG+kp gFjpfspy; rpW FW coth;fs; kj;jpapy; gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. V.vk;., epWtdk; Mh;tKs;s tptrhaf; FOf;fSld; gy fpuhkq;fspy; khw;W tptrha Kiwfis ngUf;fTk;> eilKiwg;gLj;jTk; gzp nra;J tUfpwJ. ,e;j gFjpfs; ,aw;if Ntshz; Kiwfis nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpf;Fk; kw; W k; eilKiwg; g Lj; j p nfhz; L tUk; jd; d hh; t f; FOf; f s; kw; W k; $l;likg;GfSf;F fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ,lq;fshfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. www.amefound.org

mwf;fl;lisapd; mwq;fhtyh;fs;: jpU. rpuQ;[Pt; rpq;> IAS - jiyth; Kidth;. b.vk;. jpahfuh[d; - cWg;gpdh; Kidth;. V. uh[d;dh - cWg;gpdh; Kidth;. r;kpjh g;Nuk;re;jh; - cWg;gpdh;

jpU. mNrhf; rhl;lh;[p - cWg;gpdh; =kjp. NuZfh rpjk;guk; - cWg;gpdh; Kidth;. vd;.[p. n`f;Nl - nghUshsh; jpU. Nf.tp.v];. gpurhj; - nray; ,af;Fdh;

md;ghh;e;j thrfh;fNs>

nghUslf;fk; ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

4 Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l njhopy;El;gq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd b[pl;ly; jsk; ghq;fp gp`hhp> uhN[\; gp\;Ndha;> yfhd; rpq; kw;Wk; RNu\; Fkhh;`

8 b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gj;ij tptrhapfspd; tPl;Lthrypy; nfhz;L tUjy; gp.Nf. rpq;> m[a; rpq; kw;Wk;; mh;r;rdh =t];jth

12 efh;Gw Ntshz; Kaw;rpfs; nlNghuh jj;jh

ne];gh]; mikg;gpd; %yk; Nkfhyh khepyj;jpd; goq;Fbapd coth;fspd; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nray;ghLfs;; Ra cjtpNa rpwe;j cjtp vd;gijAk; mJNt coth;fspd; jw;rhh;gpw;fhd rpwe;;j top vd;gij tpsf;FfpwJ. fdT Nrhiy-r%fk; Kd;dpd;W nra;Ak; efu;g;Gw gz;iz njhlh;ghd fl;Liu efh;g;Gw Ntshz;ikapd; mtrpaj;ijAk;> $l;LKaw;rpAk;> rhpahd jpl;lkpLjYk;> jd;dhh;t gzpfSk;> xUq;Nf mikAk; gl;rj;jpy; ,it midj;J efh;Gw gFjpapYk; rhj;jpakhdJ vd;w cj;Ntfj;ij mspf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,jo; cq;fSf;F kpFe;j kfpo;r;rpiaAk;> cw;rhfj;;ijAk; mspf; F k; vd ehq; f s; ek; ; G fpNwhk; . jq; f spd; Nkyhd fUj;Jf;;fisAk;> MNyhridfisAk; tuNtw;fpNwhk;.

17 jhq;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;l jhh; coth;fs; hpJ[h kpj;uh

19 Ra cjtpNa rpwe;j cjtp nghUshjhu ke;j epiyf;F vjpuhf goq;Fbapd coth;fs; tYthf epw;fpd;wdh; [hdf; gphPl; rpq;

efh;Gw Ntshz; Kaw;rpfs;

yP r h ,e; ; j pah brk; g h; 2021f; ; f hd jkpo; ,jio jq; f Sf; F rkh;g;gpg;gjpy; ehq;fs; kpFe;j kfpo;;r;rpailfpNwhk;. ,e;j ,jopy;> Ntshz;ikia nkd;NkYk; rpwg;ghf nray;gLj;Jtjw;F b[pl;ly; top rhjdq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjd; gad;fSk;> efh;Gw Ntshz; Kaw;rpfSk;> coth;fs; vt;thW $l;L Kaw;rpapy; Nrhjidfis rhjidf; fskhf khw; w pAs; s dh; vd; g it fl; L iufshf nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopw;El;g Jiwapd; MjuTld; cj;jpugpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s fpahf; mikg;G fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; fpilf;Fk; b[pl;ly; ];khh;l;Nghd; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; ed;ikfis> MNyhridfis> thdpiy jfty;fis rpW kw;Wk; FW coth;;fspd; tPl;bw;Nf nfhz; L nrd; W > Ntshz; i kapy; cs; s P l ; L nryTfis Fiwg;gjw;Fk;> mth;fspd; tho;thjhuj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; cjTfpwJ vd;gJ ,f;fl;Liuapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNghy;> coth;fSf;F gaph;thhpahf Ntshz; njhlh;ghd jfty; Njitfis nfhLg;;gjpy; lhlh fd;ry;ld;rp rh;tPr]; ypkpnll;bd; njhopy;El;g MjuTld; Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kz; kw;Wk; ePh; ghJfhg;G nra;jpfis/eilKiwfis mKRISHI® PAWS Mg; %yk; coth;fs; kj;jpapy; nfhz;L Nrh;g;gjpy; fpilj;j ntw;wpfukhd nray;ghLfis ,f;fl;Liu tpthpf;fpwJ. jhh; gFjpia Nrh;e;j coth;fspd; mDgtq;fis jhq;fp tUk; fl;LiuahdJ Culq;F fhyj;jpy; mth;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l Ntshz; eilKiwfs; cyfk; KOtJkhf Fog; g j; j py; ,Ue; j NghJ uh[];jhdpy; mth;fs; jq;fs; ghuk;ghpa mwpit> jq;fs; nrhe;j tpijfisg; gad;gLj;jp ntw;wp ngw;wdh; vd;gij tpsf;FfpwJ.

Mrphpah;

nlNghuh jj;jh njhopy; k akhd Ntshz; i kahdJ gUtepiy khw;wk;> epyq;fs; rPuopg;G kw;Wk; czT ghJfhg;gpw;F kpfg; nghparthy;fis mspj;JtUk; Ntisapy;> efh;Gwj;jpy; cs;s gFjpfs; czT cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Efh;tpw;Fkhd jq;fspd; cwTKiwfs; Fwpj;J kW rpe;jid nra;a Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. r%f mbg;gilapyhd efh;Gw Ntshz; Kaw;rpfshdJ> czh;jpwd;> tpog;Gzh;T> epyj;NjhLk;> coth;fNshLk;> Rw;Wr;#oy; mikg;NghLk; $ba njhlh;G Nghd;wtw;iw cUthf;Ftjw;fhd rpwe;j top vd;gij ep&gpj;JtUfpwJ.

Ra cjtpNa rpwe;j cjtp

nghUshjhu ke;j epiyf;F vjpuhf goq;Fbapd coth;fs; tYthf epw;fpd;wdh; [hdf; gphPl; rpq;

kt; t pahq; fpuhkj; j py; cs; @ h; nghUl; f is tpw;gjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rf;fuq;f ; spy; gz;iz vd;Dk; Kaw;rp coth; FOf;fSf;F gy;tifahd cs; @ h; re; i jia gutyhf; f g; g l; l Kiwapy; mZFtjw;F cjtpAs;sJ. ,jid Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ ,e;j Kaw;rpahdJ kw;w coth; FOf;fSf;F cjhuzkhf Nkfhyhtpy; cs;s ne];Ng]; (NESFAS) mikg; N ghL ,ize; J nray; g LtJ> mth; f s; filgpbf;fTk;> mth;fspd; gFjpfspy; Kd;Ndhf;fp vLj;Jr; nry;tjw;Fk; Cf;fg;gLj;jpaJ.

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l njhopy;El;gq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd b[pl;ly; jsk; ghq;fp gp`hhp> uhN[\; gp\;Ndha;> yfhd; rpq; kw;Wk; RNu\; Fkhh;` nkhigy; Nghd;>mjd; kypthd tpiy> mZff;$ba trjp kw;Wk; gutyhd nel;nthh;f; Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhf rpW coth;fSf;F jfty; gug;Gtjw;fhd tpUg;gkhd b[pl;ly; fUtpahf cUthfp tUfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk;>mtw;iw gad;gLj;Jk; tpfpjq;fs; b[pl;ly; my;yhj mZFKiwfSld; ,izf;Fk; NghJ mjpfkhf cs;sJ. tsh;eJ ; tUk; mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj;Jld; coth;fis ,izg;gjpy; muR epWtdq;fshy; toq;fg;gLk; tphpthf;f Nritfs; Kf;fpakhdit. gz;iz MNyhrfuhf nray;gLtjhy;> ey;y Ntshz;ikAk; kw;Wk; gaph; Nkyhz; i k eilKiwfs; Fwpj; J coth; f Sf; F fw; g pg; g NjhL khwptUk; jl; g ntg; g epiyiar; rkhspf; f coth; f Sf; F cjTfpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; ntspNaWk; tphpthf;f ,ae; j puq; f s; NghJkhdjhfNth my; y J mZff; $ bajhfNth ,y; i y. Fwpg; g hf njhiyJ}u kw;Wk; kiyg;ghq;fhd gFjpfspy; trpg;gth;fSf;F NkYk; ,e;j mikg;G ngUk;ghYk; cw;gj;jp Nkk;ghl;il ifahSfpwJ. mNjNeuj; j py; re; i jg; g Lj; J jy; mk; r j; i j Gwf;fzpf;fpwJ. b[pl;ly; Ntshz;ik Neubahf coth;fspd; rhpahd Neuj; j py; kw; W k; nghUj; j khd jfty;fis mZFtij Mjhpf;Fk;. mj;Jld; mwpit cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; gfph;jy; %yk; Ntshz; r%fj;ij Nkk;gLj;JfpwJ. fle;j fhyj; j py; > njhiyf; f hl; r p kw; W k; thndhyp Mfpait fpuhkg;Gw r%fq;fisr; nrd;wilag; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Kf;fpa kpd;dZ xypgug;Gj; njhopy;El;gq;fshf ,Ue;jd. ,Ug;gpDk;>fle;j ,uz; L jrhg; j q; f spy; > ,izak; kw; W k; nkhigy; mbg;gilapyhd Nrdy;fs; cUthfpAs;s ; d. jfty; kw;Wk; njhlh;GgLj;Jk; fUtpfspy; ,g;NghJ fzpdp mbg;;gilapyhd gad;ghLfs; kw;Wk; r%f Clfq;fs;> b[pl;ly; jfty; fsQ; r paq; f s; (Md; i yd; kw; W k; Mg;iyd;) kw;Wk;; b[pl;ly; Gifg;glk; vLj;jy; kw; W k; tP b Nah>nkhigy; Nghd; f s; Nghd; w jfty; njhlh;G fUtpfs; cs;sd. nkhigy; Nghd;> mjd; kypthd tpiy>mZff;$ba trjp> Fiwe;jgl;r jpwd; Njit> gutyhd nel;nthh;f; Nghd;wtw;wpd; 4

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

fhuzkhf> rpWcoth; f Sf; F Kf; f pakhd b[pl;ly; fUtpahf cUntLj;Js;sJ. coth;fSf;F Neubahf jfty;fisj; njhptpf; f nkhigy; f isg; gad; g Lj; j p gy Kaw; r pfs; cs; s d. ,jpy; I.Nf.v]; . vy; (,g;Nfh fprhd; rQ;rhh; ypkpnll;> Vh;nly; cld; ,ize;J)>nkhigypy; kz;b (gp.v];.vd;.vy; kw;Wk; cj;jpugpuNjr re;ijg;gLj;Jjy; thhpak;) >uha;l;lh;]; khh;f;nfl; iyl; kw;Wk; Nehf;fpah iyg; Ly;]; kw;Wk; mKRISHI®Mfpaitmlq;Fk;.

jfty; Njit kjpg;gPL coth;fspd; jfty; Njitfis epth;jj ; p nra;a> njhlh;Gila cs;slf;fk; I.b.rp jpl;lq;fspd; Kf;fpa mq;fkhFk;. xU cothpd; epiyf;F ve;j mstpw;F cs;slf;fk; jdpg;gadhf;fg;gl;L cs; @ h; kakhf; f g; g LfpwJ vd; g J mjd; nghUj; jj;i j ghjpf;fpwJ. ,ijf; fUj;j py; nfhz;L> coth;fSf;F gad;gLk; tifapy; xU jsj;ij cUthf;f> Kjypy; coth;fspd; jfty; Njitfisg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhd mbg;gilf; fzf;nfLg;G elj;jg;gl;lJ. Nluh^d; khtl;lj;jpd; %d;W njhFjpfspy; cs;s 21 fpuhkq;fspy; 2016-17y; mbg;gil fzf;nfLg;G elj;jg;gl;lJ. tpfh];efh;> fy;rp kw;Wk; uha;g;G+h; Nghd;w gy;NtW fpuhkq;fspd; Kf;fpagaph;fs; gw;wpa jfty;fs; ngwg;gl;ld. kf;fhr;Nrhsk;> kz;Lth> Jtiu>ney;> Nyhgpah Nghd;wit fhhPg;gpy; ,Ug;gJ fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. NfhJik> ghh; y p> gUg; G > fLF> Njhhpah Nghd;wit uhgp gUtj;jpy; Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk;

njhopy;El;gj;ijg; gug;Gtjw;Fk;;> gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fk; b[pl;ly; kw;Wk; b[pl;ly; my;yhj mZFKiwapd; fyit Njitahf cs;sJ.

gaph;fshf ,Ue;jd. Njhl;lf;fiyg; gaph;fisg; nghUj; j tiu> kh> nfha; a h> gyh> ypr; r p> vYkpr;ir Nghd;w goq;fSk;> jf;fhsp> ,Q;rp> nfhyNfrpah> kpsfha;> gl;lhzp> kQ;rs; Nghd;w fha;fwpfSk; khdhthhp #o;epiyapy; mg;gFjp coth;fshy; gaphplg;gl;ld. jpl;lj;jpd; gFjpapy; ePh;g;ghrdj;jpd; Kf;fpa Mjhuq;fs; Fsk;> MW Nghd;witahFk;. murpd; Jiwfspd; tphpthf;fr; NritfSf;F coth;fs; kj;jpapy; Fiwe;jmZfy; cs; s J vd; W Ma; T vLj; J f; f hl; L fpwJ. mth;fspd; jfty;fspd; Mjhuk; nra;jpj;jhs;> njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;;Wk; thndhypahf ,Ue;jJ. 85 rjtPj coth;fs; nkhigy; gad;gLj;JtjhfTk; fzf;nfLg;gpy; njhpate;Js;sJ. mth;fspd; nkhigy; tif Ma;l;uha;L kw;Wk; I.tp.Mh; MfTk;> ngUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; ItpMh; tif nry;Ngrpfis gad;gLj;jpdh;. jfty; Njitfisg; nghUj;jtiu>jpl;lj;jpd; gFjpapd; midj;J coth;fSk; gaph; njhlh;ghd jfty;fs; (jhdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; gaW tiffs;) kw; W k; gaph; ghJfhg; G Fwpj; J Mh; t khf ,Ug;gJ fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. 83 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; mj pf k h N d h h ; ,aw ;i f t s Nky h z;ik gw; w p njhpe; J nfhs; s MHtkhf ,Ue; j dh; . mth; f spy; ¾Ngh; Njhl; l f; f iyg; gaph; f s; gw;wpa jfty;fisAk;> mijj; njhlh;e;J kz; MNuhf;fpak; njhlh;ghd njhopy;El;gq;fisg; gw;wpAk; njhpe;Jnfhs;s jq;fs; Nfhhpf;ifia ntspg;gLj;jpdh;. 50 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd coth; f s; re; i j> fhy; e il tsh; g ; G kw; W k; gy;NtW Ntshz; Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa jfty; NjitiaAk; > thdpiy njhlh; g hd jfty;fspd; NjitfisAk; fye;Jiuahlypd; NghJ ntspg;gLj;jpdh;.

vk;.fphp\;\p Mh;.gp.V.lGs;A.v]; mbg; g ilj; jfty; f s; fzf; n fLg; G f; F g; gpwF>Nl`;uh^dpy; cs;s I.rp.V.Mh;I.I.v];.lGs;A.rp -apy; ePh; kw;Wk; kz; kPjhd jdpg; g adhf; f g; g l; l MNyhridfSf; f hd I.rp.b. - nel;Nthh;f; (gp.V.lGs;A.v];) cUthf;fg;;gl;lJ. ,jpy; coth;fs;>cs;sPl;L tpepNahf];jh;fs;> tphpthf;fg; gzpahsh;fs; kw; W k; Muha; r ; r pahsh; f s; Nghd; w gy; N tW gq;Fjhuhh;fs; Fwpg;ghf njhiyJ}u kw;Wk; kiyg;gFjpfspy; gzpGhpfpd;wdh;. kz; kw;Wk; eP h ; ghJfhg; G gw; w pa mwpit Kjd; i kahf gfph;e;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf ,J cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

mKRISHI® PAWS MdJ lhlh fd;ry;ld;rp rh;tPr]; ypkpnll;bd; njhopy;El;g MjuTld; Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kz; kw;Wk; ePh; ghJfhg;G njhlh; g hd nra; j pfis/ eilKiwfis tlNkw;F ,kakiyg; gFjp coth;fspilNa gug;Gtjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. toq;fg;gl;l Nritfs; kw;Wk; ntt;NtW gq;Fjhuh;fshy; gad; g Lj; j g; g Lk; jsk; ml; l tiz 1 y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cs;slf;f Nkk;ghL jw;Nghija Ntshz; Rw;Wr;#oy; mikg;gpd; mbg;gilapy; cs;slf;fk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s ; J. epiyahd nra;jpfs; cUthf;fg;gl;L> Rj; j pfhpf; f g; g l; L > epWtdj; jpl; l f; F Othy; mDg; g g; g l; l d. gUtk; kw; W k; gaph; tsUk; epiyfspd; mbg;gilapy; thuj;jpw;F %d;W Kjy; ehd;F nra;jpfs; mDg;gg;gLfpd;wd. nkhj;jk;> gy; N tW Ntshz; mk; ; r q; f s; njhlh; g hd 136 Fwpg;gpl;l nra;jpfs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l coth;fs; kw;Wk; tphpthf;fg; gzpahsh;fs;> cs;sPl;L tpepNahf];jh;fs; kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;Lg; gzpahsh;fs; cs;spl;l gpw gq;Fjhuh;fSf;F mDg;gg;gl;ld. cs;slf;fk; ntt;NtW $Wfs; / fUg;nghUs;fshf tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. gaph; cw;gj;jp njhopy;El;gq;fs; (35 nra;jpfs;) kw;Wk; kz; kw;Wk; ePh; ghJfhg;G mk;rq;fs; (21 nra;jpfs;) Mfpatw;iwj; njhlh;e;Jgaph; ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghd 44 nra;jpfs; cUthf;fg;gl;L nkhigy; %yk; coth;fSf;F mDg;gg;gl;ld.

gad;gLj;j kw;Wk; guthyf;fk; nra;a: gad;ghl;bd; %yk; toq;fg;gLk; NritahdJ coth;fspd; jdpg;gl;l jfty;fs;> fpuhkq;fspd; ,Ug;gplk;> tpise;j gaph;fs;>kz;;zpd; epiy kw; W k; coth; f spd; nghUshjhu epiy Mfpatw; w pd; mbg; g ilapy; mike; J s; s J. tptrhapfs; jq; f s; nkhigy; vz; %yk; nraypapy; gjpT nra;aNtz;Lk;. gjpT nra;j gpwF Mz;luha;L gadh;fs; kl;LNk gad;ghl;ilg; gjptpwf;fp mZf KbAk;. I.tp.Mh; gadh;fs; nra;jpfisAk;>vr;rhpf;iffisAk; kl;LNk ngw KbAk;. kz; kw;Wk; ePh; ghJfhg;G njhlh; g hd me; j Fwpg; g pl; l fhyj; j pw; F nghUj;jkhd v];.vk;.v]; kw;Wk;; mt;tg;NghJ Fuy; gjpT nra; j vr; r hpf; i ffismth; f s; ngw;wdh;. (gaph; rhh;e;jJ) yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

ml;;ltiz 1: Nrit nkl;hpf;]; - gy;NtW tifahd gadh;fs; t.vz;.

gq;Fjhuh;/ gadh;

jsk;

Kjy;fl;;l jpl;lj;jpw;F fpilf;fg; ngw;w Nritfs;

Ntshz; epGzh;

,izajs fd;Nrhy;

,izajsfd;Nrhy; Nritfs;: 1. coth; gjpT (jdpg;gl;ljfty;> epyk; njhlh;ghdjfty;> gaph; jfty;> kz; jfty;) 2. kz; kw;Wk; ePh; Nkyhz;ik mstplg;gLfpwJ. (b[pl;ly; juTj;jsk; kw;Wk; nkhigy; gad;ghl;L coth;fSf;fhd mbf;fb Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfisr; Nrh;f;fTk;> ePf;fTk;> khw;wTk;) 3. Gifg;gl njhFg;G - (nkhigy; gad;ghl;L coth;fSf;F) 4. MNyhrid: (cs;@h; nkhop FWQ;nra;jpfspy; nkhigy; gad; g hl; L coth; f spd; Nfs; t pfSf; F gjpyspf; f mDkjpf;Fk;) 5. Ciu kw;Wk; Fuy; tpopg;G+l;ly;fs; 6. mwpf;iffs;

nkhigy; Mg; coth;fs;

Mz;l;uha;L nkhigy; Mg;> [hth Mg; (,izak; topahf)

nkhigy; gad;ghl;bd; mk;rq;fs;: 1. nkhigy; gad;ghl;bypUe;J gjpT nra;tjd; %yk; Nfs;tpfis vOg;gyhk;> NkYk; Nfs;tpfSld; Gifg;glq;fisAk; gfpuyhk;. 2. thdpiy jfty; 3. kz; Rfhjhu ml;il (kz; ghpNrhjidf;Fg; gpwF Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapyhd coth;fSf;F) 4. mbf;fb Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs; kw;Wk; Gifg;glnjhFg;G 5. fUj;J.

nkhigy; Rhjhuz Mg; ,y;yhj nkhigy; coth;fs; nry;Ngrpfs; (,izajs trjpmw;wJ)

Rhjhuz njhiyNgrp gadh;fs;: 1. kz; kw;Wk; ePh; ghJfhg;G (Fwpg;gpl;l gapUf;F) njhlh;ghd FWQ;nra;jpia mt;tg;NghJ ngwyhk;. 2. kz; kw;Wk; ePh; ghJfhg;G (gaph; Fwpg;gpl;lJ) njhlh;ghd Fuy; vr;rhpf;iffs; mt;tg;NghJ ngwg;gLk;.

coth;fs; Nfs;tpfis vOg;gyhk;. ghjpf;fg;gl;l gaph; f spd; glq; f s; > MbNah nra; j pfis mKRISHI® PAWS nkhigy; Mg; %yk; mDg;gyhk; kw; W k; Nfs; t pfSf; F ,izajs tiy Nritfs; %yk; epGzh;fshy; gjpyspf;fg;gLk;. NkYk; Fuy; kw;Wk; ciu vr;rhpf;iffs; midj;J coth;fSlDk; gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j jsk; coth;fSf;F Gifg;gl njhFg;G> thdpiy jfty; > kz; Rfhjhu ml; i lfs; Mfpatw;iw mZFtjw;F top nra;fpwJ. tptrhapfs; jq;fs; fUj;Jf;fis mDg;gpgjpy;fisg; ngwyhk;. gad;ghL ,e;jpkw;Wk; Mq;fpyk; vd ,UnkhopfspYk; fpilf;fpwJ. gadh;fs; mKRISHI® PAWS nraypiafPo; tUk; ,izatop %yk;

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

gjptpwf; f k; nra; a yhk; . https://www.tcsmkrishi.com/ app/mpaws/. jw; N ghJ kiyg; g Fjpiar; Nrh; e ; j 400f;Fk; mjpfkhd coth;fs; ,e;j nraypia gjptpwf;fk; nra;Js;sdh;.

fUj;J kw;Wk; jhf;fk;; Njit mbg;gilapyhd cs;slf;fk;> nghUj;jk;> eilKiwj; j d; i k> Ghpe; J nfhs; s f; $ ba jd;ik> ePsk; kw;Wk; nra;jpfspd; juk; Nghd;w gpd; t Uk; ; msTUf; ; f s; %yk; nra; j pfs; gFg; g ha; T nra; a g; g l; l d. mDg; g g; g l; l njhopy;El;g tpjpKiwfs; kw;Wk; coth;fSf;F mtw; w pd; njspT Mfpait Fwpj; J 240 coth;fSld; njhlh;G nfhz;L gFg;gha;T nra; a g; g l; l d. ngUk; g hyhd tptrhapfs;

(80.41 rjtPjk;) mDg;gpa nra;jpfs; Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; ,Ug;gjhf njhptpj;jdh;. Rkhh; 85 rjtP j coth; f s; jq; f s; NjitfSf; F Vw; g nra; j pfs; ,Ug; g jhf njhptpj; j dh; . ngUk;ghd;ikahd coth;fs; (77.50 rjtPjk;) ,e;jr; nra;jpfs; eilKiwf;Fhpait vd;Wk;> mth;fspd; gz;iz NjitfSf;Fg; nghUe;Jk; vd;Wk; njhptpj;jdh;. ngUk;ghyhd coth;fs; jq;fs; nkhigypy; ngwg;gl;l cs;;slf;fj;ijg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;tJ vspJ vd;Wk;> njhopy;El;gr; nrhw; f is vspikahf gad; g Lj; J tjd; ; %yk; nra;jpfspd; juk; ed;whf ,Ug;;gjhfTk; njhptpj;jdh;. coth;fs; tay;fspy; njhopy;El;;g gad;ghl;bd; m b g ; g i l a p y ; mKRISHI® PAWS N r i t a p d ; jhf; F k; gFg; g ha; T nra; a g; g l; l J. ,ijr; nra;tjw;fhf>ntt;NtW jfty; mZfy; cs;s ,uz;L njhFjpfspy; cs;s coth;fs; xg;gPL nra;ag;gl;ldh;. Nluh^dpy; cs;s fy;rpgpshf;fpy; cs;s coth;fSf;F FWQ;nra;jpfs;; kl;LNk mDg;gg;gl;ld. mNjrkak; uha;gG ; +h; njhFjpapy; cs;s coth;fSf;F FWQ;nra;jpfs; mDg;gg;gLtijj; jtpu> jpwd; Nkk;ghl;bw;;fhd gpwKiwfs; $Ljyhf toq;fg;gl;;ld. Nluh^dpy; cs;s fy;rpgpshf;fpy; cs;s fpuhkq;fspd; Kjy; njhFg;gpy; gjpyspj;jth;fSf;F FWQ;nra;jpfs; kl;LNk mDg; g g; g l; l d. jj; n jLg; g pd; mjpfgl; r tpfpjk; gaph; ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffs; vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. Rkhh; 45 rjtPj coth;fs; nra;jpfshfg; ngwg;gl;l jfty;fisg; gad; g Lj; j pdh; . Rkhh; 25 rjtP j coth; f s; kz;zpd; Cl;lr;rj;J jftiyg; gad;gLj;jpdh;. mijj; njhlh; e ; J 20 rjtP j coth; f s; FWQ;nra;jp %yk;; ngwg;gl;l Ntshz;ikj; njhFg;ig gpd;gw;wpdh;. kz; kw; W k; eP h ; ghJfhg; g py; ,aw; i fts Mjhuq;fis Nkyhz;ik nra;Ak; njhopy;El;gq;fs; FiwthfNt eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. nrayp %yk; gfpug;gl;l ,aw;iftsMjhuq;fspd; Nkyhz;ik Fwpj;j eilKiwfis 10 rjtPj tptrhapfs; kl;LNk gpd;gw;w Kbe;jJ. nl`;uh^dpd; uha;g;G+h; njhFjpapd; fpuhkq;fspd; ,uz;lhtJ njhFg;gpy;> FWQ; n ra; j pfs; > ntspg; g hL tUiffs; > $l;lq;fs;> FO tpthjq;fs; kw;Wk; kz; kw;Wk; ePh; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; gpw $Wfs; gw;wpa gapw;rpfs;

kw;Wk; mth;fspd; mwpit tsg;gLj;j Vw;ghL nra; a g; g l; l J. KbTfs; Cf; f kspg; g jhf ,Ue;jJ. 91 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd coth;fs; gaph; ghJfhg; G njhopy; E l; g q; f isAk; > 83 rjtPjk; thdpiy jfty;fisAk;> 66 rjtPjk; kz; Cl; l r; ; r j; J jftiyAk; > 45 rjtP j k; ; Ngh; jq; f s; ; tay; f spy; rkP g j; j pa Ntshz; eilKiwfisAk; gpd;gw;wpdh;. b[pl;ly; fUtpfs; gutyhd mZfy; kw;Wk; mZfis vspjhf;f cjtpdhYk;> gbj;jkw;Wk; tsk; epiwe; j coth; f Sf; F ,J kpfTk; cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij Ma;;T njspthff; fhl;;LfpwJ. tsk; Fiwe;j kw;Wk; xg;gPl;lstpy; Fiwthd fy;tpawpT nra;a tptrhapfSf;F> jfty;fSld;> Ntshz;ik kw;Wk;; fpuhkg;Gw fz;Lgpbg;Gfis gpd;gw;Wtjw;F cs;sPLfs;> njhopy;El;;g topfhl;Ljy;> Cf;fk;> MjuT> gapw; r pfs; kw; W k; gpw MjuT Mfpait Njitg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk;>njhopy;El;;gq;fs; kw; W k; eilKiwfs; mjpf ,lk; kw; W k; jsk; rhh; e ; j it. mitnra; j pfs; %yk; kl; L k; tpsf; f KbahJ. vdNt>nra; j pfs; kl;LNk eilKiwfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;s cjthJ. njhopy; E l; g j; i jg; gug; G tjw; F k; ; > gpd; g w; W tjw; F k; b[pl; l y; kw; W k; b[pl; l y; my;yhj mZFKiwapd; fyit Njitahf cs;sJ. 

Bankey Bihari Principal Scientist (Agricultural Extension) and I/c Head (HRD&SS), E-mail: biharibankey_bankey@yahoo.co.in Rajesh Bishnoi Scientist (Agricultural Extension), E-mail: rajesh3017@gmail.com Shri Suresh Kumar ACTO (Agricultural Extension) ICAR-IISWC, Dehradun E-mail: sureshiiswc@gmail.com Lakhan Singh Director, ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute (ATARI) (Zone-VIII), Pune, Maharashtra. E-mail: lakhanextn@gmail.com

%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2020> thy;A+k; 22> ,jo; 2

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gj;ij tptrhapfspd; tPlL ; thrypy; nfhz;L tUjy; gp.Nf. rpq;> m[a; rpq; kw;Wk;; mh;r;rdh =t];jth ,d;W ehk; Kd;ndg;NghijAk; tpl b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gq;fisr; rhh;e;J ,Uf;fpNwhk;. b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gq;fis Nehf;fpa ,e;j Kd;Djhuz khw;wk;>ekJ czTg; ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;Ak; rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrha r%fq;fis NkYk; Gwe;js;sf;$lhJ. mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopw;El;g Jiwapd; MjuTld; fpahf; mikg;G 1200 rpW tptrhapfSf;F b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp mjpfhpj;J tUk; thdpiy mjph;r;rpfspy; mjpf Jy;ypaj;Jld; Ntshz;ik nra;Ak; mstpw;F tsh;e;Js;sJ. Mj;keph;ghh; ghuj; vd;w ,yf;if miltjpy;> thdpiy mjph;TfSf;F kj;jpapy; tphpjpwid tsh;g;gJ tptrhaj;jpy; kpfg;nghpa rthyhf cs;sJ. gutyhd nts;sk; kw;Wk; eP h ; N jf; f q; f shy; > fpof; F cj; j pug; g puNjrk; kw;Wk; tlf;F gPfhhpy; yl;rf;fzf;fhd rpW kw;Wk; FW coth;fs; Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; tPL mw;wth;fshf khwpAs;sdh;. Fhyepiy khw;wk;> nts; s g; n gUf; F kw; W k; mJ njhlh; g hd Nghf;Ffs;> mjpf kiog;nghopT epfo;Tfs;> .,iltplhj twz;l fhyepiy> twl;rpiaj; njhlh;e;J nts;sk;> G+r;rpj; jhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; tsh; e ; J tUk; gaph; Neha; f s; Mfpait ,g; g Fjpapy; Fwpg; g plj; j f; f it. Ntshz; r%fj; j pd; ngUk; gFjpapdh; khdpaq; f s; > epthuzk;; kw;Wk; ,og;gPLfspd; fUizapy; thOk; epiyf;F js;sg;gl;Ls;sdh;. fhyepiy epr; r akw; w jd; i kfs; kw; W k; Ntshz;ikapy; mjd; jhf;fk; Mfpatw;iw Ghpe;Jnfhs;Sk;NghJ> tptrha MNyhrid kw;Wk; eilKiw jPh;TfSld; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf; f is mjpf vz; z pf; i fapy; mZFtJ Kf; f pa k ; . , U g ;g p Dk;> nt s;s k; #o;e ;j #o;epiyapy;> tof;fkhd topfisg; gad;gLj;jp coth;fis mZFtJ rthyhdjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNt> ,j;jifa epiyikfspd; fPPo;> b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gk; jfty; njhlh;Gf;fhd tpUg;gkhd topKiwahf khWfpwJ. ,d; W > ehq; f s; gzp nra; A k; fpuhkq; f spy; cs; s ngUk; g hyhd coth; f s; nkhigy; njhiyNgrpfis itj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jdhy; ,izak; ,y;yhky; $l vspa FWQ;nra;jp my; y J Fuy; nra; j pfs; %yk; Ntshz; MNyhridfisg; ngWtjw; F trjpfs; cs; s d. vdNt> b[pl; l y; ]; k hh; l ; N ghd; njhopy; E l; g j; j pd; %yk; thdpiy kw; W k; fhyepiy jfty;fis mZFtJ coth;fSf;F 8

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;> kdmOj;j #o;epiyapYk; coth;fs; jFe;j KbTfis vLf;f KbAk;. ,J njhlh;Gila mghaq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk;> tha;gG ; fis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> tiuaWf; f g; g l; l tsq; f spd; jpwikahd gad; g hl; i l Nkk; g Lj; J tjw; F k; > nryitf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk;> gaph; kw;Wk; fhy;eil cw;gj;jp kw; W k; cw; g j; j pj; jpwid mjpfhpg; g jw; F k; epr;rakhf Kf;fpakhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Kd;Kaw;rp 2018 Mk; Mz; b y; > Nfhuf; G +h; Rw; W r; # oy; eltbf; i ff; FO (fpahf; ) mwptpay; kw; W k; njhopy;El;gj;Jiw> murhq;fj;Jld; ,ize;J Nfhuf;G+h; kw;Wk; Nkw;F rk;guhd; gFjpfspy; cs;s 10>000 rpW kw;Wk; FW coth;fSf;F fhyepiy-vjph; g ; G j; njhopy; E l; g q; f isg; gad; g Lj; j mjpfhuk; mspf; F k; jpl; l j; i j ,e;jpah njhlq;fpAs;sJ. nts;sj;ij jhq;Fk; Ntshz; njhopy; E l; g k; > rpwpa epyg; g ug; G gz; i z ,ae; j pu kakhf; f y; > jpwikahd eP h ; g ; g hrd Kiwia cUthf; F jy; > caph; cuq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; kz;zpd; Cl;lr;rj;ij Nkk;gL;j;Jjy; kw;Wk; Ntshz; eilKiwfspy; b[pl; l y; njhopy; E l; g j; i j tphpTgLj; J jy; Mfpait fhyepiyia vjph;f;Fk; njhopy;El;gq;fspy; mlq;Fk;. fpahf; ,uz;L jhdpaq;fp thdpiy epiyaq;fis (V.lGs; A .v]; ) cUthf; f pAs; s J. xd; W nkh`;ehf; Nfhuf;G+hpy; kw;Wk; ,d;ndhd;W Nkw; F rk; g udpd; [Kdpahtpy; gr; f thd; > juk;G+h;> [pe;jhG+hpy; cs;s Nyh`h;G+h;th kw;Wk; Nkw;F rk;ghuhdpy; ikFe;jt ; h Mfpa ,lq;fspy; Ie;J kio mstPl;L/khdp epiyaq;fSld; ,ize; J s; s J. V.lGs; A .v]; kw; W k; kio mstPLfs; %yk; juT Nrfhpg;G kw;Wk; thdpiy Kd; d wptpg; G fis cUthf; F tJ %d; W

nray;Kiwfs; %yk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ (1) juT nrayhf;fk;> (2) juf; fl;Lg;ghL> (3) Fwpf;Nfhs; gFg;gha;T. cs;@h; ,e;jpa thdpiy juTj; Jiw mYtyfk; fpahf; - f; F gpuhe; j paj; j pd; gUtepiyfis gw;wp Ghpe;Jnfhs;s cjTfpwJ. ,J njhlh; G ila thdpiy juTfisg; gad; g Lj; J fpwJ. Muk; g j; j py; > nghpa gug; G mstpy; thdpiy Kd;dwptpg;G jfty; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa thdpiyjuTj; Jiwahy; cUthf;fg;gl;l Kd;dwptpg;G khjphpfs; Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fzpjkhjphp Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp> ,e;j nghpagug;G mstpy; juTfs; njhFjpkl;lj;jpy; Fiwf;fg;gl;L> V.lGs;A. v]; kw;Wk; gzp nra;Ak; gFjpfspd; ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy; mike;Js;s kio mstP L fspypUe; J Nrfhpf; f g; g l; l nghpa gug; G mstpy; cs; s juTfSld; NkYk; cWjpg; g Lj; j g; g LfpwJ. thdpiy MNyhridia ,Wjp nra;tjw;F Kd;> fpahf;,d; Jiw epGzh; Kd;dwptpg;gpd; nray;jpwid Nkk;gLj;j Mh;tKs;s ,lj;ij Rw;wp epyTk; #o;epiyiaAk; fUj;jpy; nfhs;fpwhh;. fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; fpilf;Fk; b[pl;ly; ];khh;l;Nghd; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; ed;ikfisg; gad; g Lj; j p> rpW kw; W k; FW coth; f Sf; F mth;fspd; tPl;bw;Nf thdpiy kw;Wk; Ntshz; MNyhridfis nfhLf; F k; Nritfis fpahf; Jtf;fpaJ. cs;@h; ,e;jpa thdpiy juTj; Jiw mYtyfk; kw;Wk; eNue;jpu jpNah Ntshz; gy;fiyf; fofk;> mNahj;jpah> cj;jpug; gpuNjrk; ,tw;Wld; ,ize;J fpahf; thdpiyj; jfty;fspd; tphpthd mtjhdpg;Gfs;> njhiyepiy czh;jpwd; juT (Nulhh; kw; W k; nraw; i ff; N fhs; f s; ) > FwpaP L fisg; ngWjy; kw;Wk; KbTfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf coth; f Sf; F gaph; tsh; r ; r papd; ntt; N tW epiyfspy; kw;Wk; Ntshz; eltbf;iffspy; nray;ghl;L Nritfis toq;fp tUfpwJ.

cs;slf;fk; kw;Wk; gug;Gjy; Ntshz; MNyhridfSf; f hf> fpahf; f py; cs;s epGzh; fhyepiy gw;wpa rpwe;j MNyhrid njhFjpia cUthf; f pAs; s hh; . ,J midj;J Kf;fpag; gaph;fSf;Fk; gUtk; thhpahf gaph; fl;likg;Gfis rpj;jhpf;fpwJ. khepy Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fspy; cs;s Ntshz; epGzh; f splkpUe; J epfo; N euj; j py; njhopy;El;g cs;sPLfisAk; ,e;j njhFjp fUj;jpy; nfhs;f pwJ. NkYk;> gaph; MNyhridfspy; kjpg;Gf;$l;ly;> Kf;fpakhf Rw; W r; # oypay; nfhs; i ffspd; Fiwe; j

‘ehd; xt;nthU ehSk; vdJ gz;izapy; gaph; tsh;rr ; p kw;Wk; G+r;rpjhf;Fjy;fs; my;yJ xOq;fw;w thdpiy fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; gaph; ,og;GfisMa;Tnra;a Ntiynra;fpNwd;. ehd; vdJ Nfs;tpfisfpahf;-,d; epGzhplk; vdJ ]; k hh; l ; N ghd; %yk; Nfl; f pNwd; . mth; f s; rpyepkplq; f spy; MNyhrid $Wfpwhh; f s; ” vd; f pwhh; cj;jpugpuNjrj;jpy; Nfhuf;G+h; khtl;lj;jpd; [hq;fps; nfsbahgpshf;fpy; cs;s G+jh;G+h; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s ,sk; Kd;khjphp tptrhap Jh;Nf\; fz;Z[pah.

ntspapL Ntshz; i kia Cf; F tpg; g jpy; typAWj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,uz;L njhFg;G jfty;fisAk; njhFj;J> epiyj;j Ntshz; eilKiwfis Cf; F tpf; F k; Kd; d wptpg; G kw;Wk; Neha; jPh;f;Fk; eltbf;iffs; cl;gl cs;@h; `pe;jp nkhopapy; coth;fSf;F thdpiy mbg; g ilapyhd Ntshz; Mnyhridia fpahf; mDg;GfpwJ. b[pl; l y; ]; k hh; l ; N ghd; mbg; g ilapyhd Kd; K aw; r papd; %yk; > kioapd; epfo; j fT (NyrhdJ Kjy; fdkhdJ tiu)> ntg;gepiy (mjpfgl;r ntg;gepiy> Fiwe;j ; gl;r ntg;gepiy kw;Wk; jpdrhp ntg;gepiy khWghL)> mjpfgl;r kw;Wk; Fiwe;jgl;r <ug;gjk;> Nkfepiy Nghd;w thdpiy epiyikfspd; Kd;dwptpg;G Fwpj;J coth;fSf;F njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; tUk; 5 ehl;fSf;F fhw;wpd; jpir Ntfk;> mNj thdpiy Kd;dwptpg;Gr; nra;jpapy; nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. nghJthf fhhP g ; kw; W k; ugp kw; W k; [hahj; gUtq; f spy; gaph; f is tpijg; g jw; f hd rhpahd Neuk;> ePh;g;ghrdk; fwpj;jjpl;lkply;> taypy; cuk; ; kw; W k; G+r; r pf; n fhy; y pfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;> kioapd; fzpg;gpd;gb mWtil nra; j y; > nry; y gpuhzpfSf; F jLg; G +rp nrYj;JtJ Mfpait Fwpj;Jk; coth;fSf;F njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. kiog;nghopT epfo;tpd; mbg;gilapy;> Kf;fpa gaph;fs;> mjd; tiffs; / ,dq; f s; / jhtuq; f spd; tpijg; G Neuj; i j Kd; $ l; b Na my; y J xj; j pitf; f coth;fSf;F vr;rhpf;if tpLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jDld;> jhtu tsh;r;rpapd; gy;NtW epiyfspy; Vw; g lf; $ baNeha; f s; kw; W k; ; gUtfhy gaph; f s; / fha; f wpfs; kw; W k; tP l ; L tpyq; F fSf; f hd Rfhjhu guhkhpg; G f; f hf mtw;wpd; jPhT ; eltbf;iffs; gw;wpa jfty;fSk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

nkhj;jk; 5 ehl;;fs; ,ilntspapy; ,J Nghd;w MW mwpTiufs; xU khjj;jpy; coth;fs; kw;Wk;; mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopw;El;gJiw Copah;fspd; nkhigy; f Sf; F vq; f s; ,izajsj; j pd; %yk; rpWFWQ;nra;jpfshf njhlh;e;J mDg;gg;g LfpwJ. mjpf vz;zpf;i fapyhd coth; f isr; nrd; w iltjw; f hf> mwptpay; kw; W k; njhopw; E l; g Jiw gzpahsh; f s; ,e; j mwpTiufis xt; n thU Ntshz; Nrit ikaj;jpw;F ntspNa itf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhl;rpg; gyifapy; vOJthh;fs;. ,jd; %yk; ikaj;jpw;FtUk; coth;fSf;Fk; ,e;j jfty;fs; njhptpf;fg;gLk;. ,e; ; j Kd; K aw; r pahdJ> coth; f s; gy; N tW Ntshz; eltbf; i ffis Nkw; n fhs; t ij Kd;$l;bNa njhptpf;fpwJ kw;Wk; ngUk;ghYk; Kd;dwptpf;fg;gl;l thdpiy kw;Wk; jiyaPl;L gFjpfspy; eilKiw Ntshz; MNyhridapd; mbg; g ilapy; gz; i z kl; ; l j; j py; cldb Kbit vLf; f topfhl; L fpwJ. ,Jjtpu> ,e;jKaw;rp coth;fSf;Fg; gaph; ,og;Gfisf; Fiwg; g jw; F k; > Ntshz; i kapy; cs; s P l ; L nryTfis Fiwg;gjw;Fk;> ,Wjpapy; mth;fspd; tho; t hjhu mikg; i g Nkk; g Lj; J tjw; F k; cjTfpwJ. ruhrhpahf xU ehisf; F ,uz; L Kjy; %d;W miog;Gfs; my;yJ xl;L nkhj;jkhf 10-12 coth; f spd; miog; G fs; my; y J jtwtpl;l miog;;Gfs; ,uz;L MNyhridf; fhyq;fSf;F ,ilapy; (mwpTiu mDg;gg;gl;l 5 ehl;fSf;Fs;) ngwg;gLfpd;wd. rpy Neuq;fspy; coth;fs; fpahf;-My; cUthf;fg;gl;l coth;fspd; thl;]m ; g; FOtpy; jq;fs; nkhigy; %yk; FWQ; n ra; j p my; y J Gifg; g lq; ; f s; %yk; gpur; r id njhlh; g hd Nfs; t pfis mDg; G fpwhh; f s; . thdpiy /jP t pu thdpiy vr;rhpf;if kw;Wk; gaph;fs;/ fhy;eil tsh;g;G gw; w pa MNyhridfs; gw; w pa rpy $Ljy; jfty;fis mwpa mth;fs; vg;NghJk; Mh;tkhf cs;sdh;. fpahf;-,d; ty;Yeh;fs; xt;nthU coth;fspd; Nfs;tpf;Fk; cldbahfg; gjpyspg;ghh;fs;. jj;njLg;G epiyfs;> nghUj; j k; kw; W k; Gjpa njhopy; E l; g q; f is Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfs; Mfpatw; i w mwpe; J nfhs; t jw; f hf fpahf; njhlh;e;J coth;fsplkpUe;J MNyhridiag; ngWfpwJ.

jhf;fk; ,Jtiu> Nfhuf;G+h; kw;Wk; Nkw;F rk;ghudpd; 18 fpuhkq; f isr; Nrh; e ; j 1200 rpW kw; W k; FW coth; f s; ,e; j b[pl; l y; NritAld; 10

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

Neubahf ,izf; f g; g l; L >fhhpg; kw; W k; ugp gUtq; f spy; Kf; f pa gaph; f Sf; f hf fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;. ,Ukhepyq;fspd; 36 khjphp coth;fSk; gaph; MNyhridfs;> thdpiy MNyhridfs;> Gtp-Fwpaply; kw;Wk; gaph; Rfhjhu fz;fhzpg;G Fwpj;J fpahf;-My; Kiwahfg; gapw;rpngw;Ws;sdh;. ,e;j khjphp coth;fs; gPfhh; kw;W ; k; cj;jpugpuNjrj;jpy; b[pl;ly; jiyaP L fis mjpfhpf; f ‘khw; w j; j pw; f hd Kfth;fshf” gzpahw;Wfpd;wdh;. thdpiy msTfs; Fwpj;j Kd;dwptpg;G 9095 rjtPjk; Jy;ypakhf ,Ug;gjhf coth;fs;

gaDs;s KbntLg;gjw;fhd MNyhrid Nfhuf;G+hpy; cs;s uFNfhh; fpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;j 48 tajhd Kd;khjphp th; uhk;epth]; $Wifapy;> ’gz;iz jpl;lkply; eltbf;iffspy; jpwk;gl KbntLg;gjpy; thdpiy jfty;fs; vq;fSf;F cjTfpd;wd. fle;j ,uz;L Mz;Lfshf Nfhuf;G+hpy; Fiwe;j kioNa nga;J tUfpwJ. ,jdhy; fhhpg; gUtj; j py; coth; f s; Nth;f;fliyia gaphpl;ldh;. ,e;j Mz;Lk; ,Nj eilKiwia ,g; g Fjp coth; f s; gpd; g w; w pdh; . fpuhkj; j py; fpl; ; l j; j l; l 50 tpOf; f hL coth; f s; Nth; f ; f liy gaphpl;;ldh;. Mdhy; ,e;j Mz;L epiyik khwptpl;lJ. ,uz;L khjq;fSf;Fs; ([_d;> [_iy 2020) Nfhuf; G +h; gFjp KOtJk; 936 kpkP kio nga;Js;sJ. fdkio kw;Wk; taypy; jz;zPh; Njq;fp fliy nrbfs; Nrjkile;jd. Vg; u y; filrp thuk; kw; W k; Nk Kjy; thuj;jpy; ey;y kio nga;Ak; vd;W thdpiy MNyhrid %yk; uhkzpth]; njhptpj;jhh;. xU GJikahd tptrhap vd;gjhy;> mth; jftiy jP t pukhf vLj; J f; nfhz; l hh; kw; W k; NkKjy; thuj; ; j py; Nth; f ; f liy tpijg; G f; F Kd; itj; j hh; . mth; jdJ 0.20 nrz; l ; epyj; j py; Nth; f ; f liyia tpijj; j hh; . mth; &. 2300 I KjyP l hf nra;J fliyia tpw;wjd; %yk; &.4300 I tUkhdkhf ngw;whh;. Nfhilf;fhyj;jpy; gaph; MNyhridfisg; gpd;gw;wp ,LnghUl;fs; nryit 30 tpOf;fhL Fiwj;jhh;. (rhpahd eP h ; g ; g hrd jpl; l kply; kw; W k; cuq; f spd; gad;ghL)

fz; l wpe; J s; s dh; . ,Ukhepy coth; f spd; fUj; J g; g b> b[pl; l y; Nritahd tphpthf; f epiyia Nkk;gLj;Jjy;> jftikg;Gj; jpwid mjpfhpj;jy;> rhpahd Neuj;jpy; fhhPg; gaph;fis ehw;W eLjy;> ePh;g;ghrd Nkyhz;ik> taypy; cuk; kw;Wk; G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Mfpatw;wpy; kpfTk; gaDs;sjhf ,Ue;jJ. kpf Kf;fpakhf> gaph; mWtil rhpahd Neuj;jpy; elf;fpwJ. kiog;nghopTj; jfty;fspd; Jy;;ypak; fhuzkhf> Njitaw; w eP h ; g hrdr; nryit ,J kpr; ; r g; g Lj; j paJ> rhpahd Neuj; j py; ney; kw;Wk;; fha;fwpffis elT nra;tjw;F cjtpaJ vd;Wk; coth;;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;. 45 coth;fspd; gz;iz juTfspd; gFg;gha;T> gz; i z eltbf; i ffspy; ghrdr; nryT> G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfs; kw;Wk; cuq;fspd; gad;ghL Mfpatw;wpy; 18-20 rjtPjk; Fiwg;ig Fwpf;fpwJ. jpdrhp KbntLg;gjpy; rpW kw;Wk; FW coth; f Sf; F ,e; j Nrit kpfTk; ; gaDs;sjhfTk;> cjtpfukhfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,J coth;fspd; tUkhdj;jpy; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf nghpa epjp jhf;fq;fis Vw;;gLj;JfpwJ.

Kd;Ndhf;fpa ghh;it ,uz; L Mz; L fSf; ; F s; > ,e; j Kaw; r p coth;fspd; Mh;tj;ij <h;j;Js;sJ. Vnddpy; mth;fs; jq;fs; gz;izfspy; Neh;kiwahd NtWghl;ilf; fhz;fpwhh;fs; kw;Wk; jftywpe;j KbTfis vLf;Fk; jpwid tsh;j;Jf; nfhz;ldh;. ,Ug;gpDk;> FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs; Mapuf; f zf; f hd kf; f s; kj; j papy; ,e; j Kaw;rpia mstpLtJ vspjy;y. Muk;gj;jpy;> jfty; kw;Wk; Kd;Kaw;rpapd; kPJ kf;fspd; ek; g pf; i fia tsh; g ; g J epWtdj; j pw; F xU rthyhd gzpahf ,Ue;jJ. kw;w rthy;fspy; Nkhrkhd ,iza ,izg;G> rpk; fhh;Lfis mbf;fb khw;WtJ Mfpait fz;fhzpg;ig fbdkhf; F fpwJ kw; W k; coth; f splkpUe; J tof;fkhf fUj;J ,;yy ; hjJ Mfpait mlq;Fk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> Ntshz; Jiwapy;; r%fj;Jld; ,ize;J gzpahw;wpa ePz;l mDgtk; kw;Wk; cs; @ h; ,e; j pa thdpiy juT Jiwapd; mYtyfk; kw;Wk; Ntshz; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; MjuTld; fpahf; mjpf rthy; f s; cs; s gFjpfspy;; ,e;jKaw;rpianray;gLj;Jtjpy; ntw;wpfukhfcs;sJ. b[pl;l ; y;; njhopy;El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;j Ntshz; Jiwf;F kpfg; nghpa tha;g;G cs;sJ. ,d;W> ,g;gFjpapy; cs;s tptrhapfs;> Fwpg;ghf ,sk; tptrhapfs;> cs;ehl;by; nghUj;jkhd tpijfs; kw;Wk; caph; cuq;fs; jahhpj;jy;> Neha;fs; kw;Wk;

G+r; r pfspy; ,Ue; J gaph; f isg; ghJfhj; j y; > a+ ba+g; kw;Wk; gy;NtW r%f Clf jsq;fspy; rhj; j pakhd re; i j kw; W k; tpiy tpfpjk; Nghd;w gy gz;iz eltbf;;iffspy; mwpitg; ngWtjw; F thl; ] ; m g; ; FO Nghd; w tw; i w ];khh;l; Nghidg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. Thdpiy jfty; kw;Wk; Ntshz; MNyhridfs; %yk; mjpfhuk; ngw; w coth; f s; Ntshz; i kapy; rpwg; g hf nray; g Ltij jpl; l j; j pd; jhf; f k; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. mth;fspd; gaph; tpisr;ry;> tUkhdk; kw; W k; thdpiy mjph; r ; r pfis vjph; f ; F k; jpwd; mjpfhpj; J s; s J. vdNt> murhq;fq;fs;> tzpfq;fs; kw;Wk; coth;fs; ,ilNa tYthd $l;lhz;ik kw;Wk; b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;;gk; kypT kw;Wk; mZff;$bajhf ,Ug;gij cWjp nra;tjw;fhd xOq;FKiw #oypd; %yk; Ntshz; eltbf; i ffspy; b[pl;;ly; njhopy;El;gq;fis xUq;fpizg;gjpy; NkYk; GJikf;fhd mtruj; Njit kw;Wk; epiwa tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd.

ed;wpfs; tpijg; gphpT>mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj;Jiw> murhq;fj;jpw;F ehq;fs; ed;wpAs;sth;fshf ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ,e;jpahtpy; fpof;F cj;jpugpuNjrk; kw; W k; tlf; F gP f hhpy; gUtepiy mOj; j g; gFjpfspy; cs;s rpW kw;Wk; FW coth;fSf;fhd njhopy;El;g tsh;rr ; pia Mjhpg;gjw;fhf vq;fs; tptrhapfSf;F b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp thdpiy kw;Wk; Ntshz; MNyhrid Nritia nray;gLj;jpajw;fhf fpahf;-,d; fhyepiy epGzuhd jpU. ifyh\; ghz; N l mth; f Sf; F k; vq; f s; ed; w piaj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwhk;;.  References Pandey, K and Mishra, R, Weather-Agro Advisories: Empowering Transboundary Communities in India and Nepal, 2019, published by GEAG, https:// geagindia. org/sites/default/files/2020-03/PaperWeather-AgroAdvisories-Revised-190904.pdf B K Singh Senior Programme Officer Ajay Singh Programme Professional Archana Srivastava Programme Officer Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group 224, Purdilpur, M G College Road Gorakhpur - 273 001, Uttar Pradesh, India. %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2020> thy;A+k; 22> ,jo; 2 yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

efh;Gw Ntshz; Kaw;rpfs; nlNghuh jj;jh njhopy;kakhd Ntshz;ikahdJ gUtepiy khw;wk;> epyq;fs; rPuopg;G kw;Wk; czT ghJfhg;gpw;F kpfg; nghparthy;fis mspj;JtUk; Ntisapy;> efh;Gwj;jpy; cs;s gFjpfs; czT cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Efh;tpw;Fkhd jq;fspd; cwTKiwfs; Fwpj;J kW rpe;jid nra;a Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. r%f mbg;gilapyhd efh;Gw Ntshz; Kaw;rpfshdJ> czh;jpwd;> tpog;Gzh;T> epyj;NjhLk;> coth;fNshLk;> Rw;Wr;#oy; mikg;NghLk; $ba njhlh;G Nghd;wtw;iw cUthf;Ftjw;fhd rpwe;j top vd;gij ep&gpj;JtUfpwJ. cyf kf;fs; njhifapy; ghjpf;Fk; Nkw;gl;;Nlhh; efuq;fspy; trpj;JtUfpd;wdh;. Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhj tifapy; fle;j E}w;whz;by; epfo; e ; J tUk; efukakhf; f ypd; tpfpjk; > kpf Ntfkhf rpuope; J tUk; Rw; ; W r; # oYf; F fhuzkhf mike;Js;sJ. tphptile;JtUk; efu #oy; vd;gJ czT cj;jputhjkpd;id> Gtpntg;gkiljy;> gUtepiykhw;wk;> fhw; W khRghL> mstpw; F mjpfkhf eP h ; Mjhuq;fspd; Ruz;ly;> Fiwe;JtUk; tdg;gFjp Nghd;w kw;w gpur;ridfNshL njhlh;GilaJ. NkNy nfhLf; ; f g; g l; L s; s efukakhf; f spd; Nghf;fhdJ> efuq;fis tbtikf;Fk; NghJk;> mtw;wpy; ehk;; vg;gb tho;f ; pNwhk; vd;gJk; epiyj;j jd; i kf; f hd rthy; f is vjph; n fhs; t jpy; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.

Efu Ntshz;ik> $l;Lr; nrhy;ghLfSf;F xU mbj;jsk; czT ghJfhg;Gk; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpAk; efukakhf; f s; kw; W k; mJ njhlh; G ila Rw; W r; # oy; gpur; r idfNshL neUq; f pa njhlh;GilaJ> ,Ug;gpDk; mit cldbahf njhptjpy; i y. efuj; j py; cs; s ,lq; f s; nghJthfNt Ntshz; i k eilngwf; $ ba gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J mjpf J}uj;jpy; njhlh;gw;W ,Uf;Fk;. czthdJ njhlh;r;rpahf gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd fpNyhkPl;;lhpy; ,Ue; J gy; N tW ,ilj; j ufh; f spy; topahf gazg;gl;L> me;j tifapy; cztpd; #oy; jlq; f s; Nghd; w tw; w pd; nrytpdq; f is mjpfg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,e;j tifapyhd czT nfhs; K jy; KiwahdJ tptrhapfSf; F k; Ruz;liy Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. mz; i k Mz; L fspy; > xU Rthu]; a khd vjph; fij cUthfp tUfpwJ. ,e;jpahthdJ xU rpwpa> Mdhy; ftdpf;fj;jf;;f Nghf;if ghh;f;fpwJ. mjhtJ fhh;g ;NghNul; Jiwapy; 12

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

cs;s kf;fs; jq;fs; Ntiyia Jwe;;J tpl;L Ntshz;ikia xU njhopyhf nra;a Jtq;fp cs; s dh; . ,J ghJfhg; g hd czT kw; W k; #oypay; Neh;ikf;fhf vd gy;NtW fhuzq;fis gpujhd ftdkhf nfhz;L eilngWfpwJ. ,e;j Nghf;fhdJ ghuk;;ghpa eilKiwfspy; cs; s lq; f pAs; ; s > caph; r ; # oYf; F cfe; j Ntshz; Kiwfis GJg;gpg;gjpYk;> NjLtjpYk; ,ize;J fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j fl;LiuahdJ> xU r%f efug;Gw gz;iz vd;Dk; xU efh;Gw Kaw;rpia gw;wpaJ.

fdTNrhiy - r%fk; Kd;dpd;W nra;Ak; efu;g;Gw gz;iz fdTNrhiy vd; g J Kk; i gapy; cs; s 800 rJu mb gug; g sT nfhz; l nghJkf; f s; G+q; f htpy; efh; g ; G w Ntshz; Kaw; r pahFk; . Kd;G ,e;j G+q;fhthdJ> Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; ,Ue;jij cz;L Nkhpghy; vd;Dk; cs;@h;thrpia J}z;b mjid Foe;ijfSf;F kw;Wk; KjpNahh;fis xU tuNtw;Fk; ,lkhf 2018y; khw; w pdhh; . jd; d hh; t mbg; g ilapy; G+q;fhit guhkhpf;f cs;@h; FOit mth; cUthf;fpdhh;. me;jf; FOtpy; Vw;fdNtKd; mDgtk; cs;s gpukpshkhh;b]; kw;Wk; jPg;jP [hq;fpahzp (ngl;br; nra;jp 1 I fhz;f) vd;w cz;zf;$ba jhtuq;fis tsh;gg ; jpy; efh;gG ; w ,iyfs; vd;Dk; efu Ntshz; FOtpy; Kd; mDgtk; nfhz;l ,UtUk; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jdh;. FOtpy; cs; s xt; n thUtUk; fP N otpOk;

r%fmbg;gilapyhdmDgtq;fs; efh;gG ; w Efh;Nthiu czh;tjw;Fk;> epiyahd Ntshz; Kaw;rpfSf;F Njitahd Mjuitg; ngw cjTk;

jPg;jp mtuJ mg;ghh;l;nkz;l; Njhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J xU $il epiwa tpisnghUl;fSld;

,iyfis> rikayiw fopTfis> njd;id ehh; fopTfismUfhikapy; trpg; N ghhplk; ,Ue; J Nrfhpj; J mjid G+q; f htpDs; N s rhzk; kw;Wk; Nfhkpaj;jpd; cjtpNahL Ftpay; Kiwapy; kl;F cukhf jahhpf;Fk; (mk;hpl; kpl;b vd;W miof;fg;gLk; gzpia) gzpiakhh;b]; Kd; N dLj; j hh; . gpd; me; j rj; J f; f s; kpf; f ,iykl;Ffs; ,aw;if Kiwapy; goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfs; tsh;g;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Muk; g f; f l; l j; j py; gph; f hh; Kk; i g Kdprpgy; fhh; g ; g Nu\d; (gp.vk; ; . rp) ,e; j Nahridf; F jaf;fk; fhl;baJ> gpd;dh; cs;@h;thrpfspd; Vw; W r; nray; g Lk; jd; i d kw; W k; me; j

,lj;jpd; ngsjPf khw;wk; mth;fis G+q;fhit guhkhpg; g jpy; cjt J}z; b aJ. jw; N ghJ> ,JNghd;w r%fk; Kd;dpd;W nra;Ak; czT Njhl; l q; f spy; mth; f spd; NahridfSk; KjyPlhf cs;sJ. [hq; f pahzpapd; $w; W g; g b> fle; j ,uz; L tUlq;fspy;> mth;fs; 50 tifahd cz; z f; $ ba goq; f s; > fha; f wpfs; kw; W k; %ypiffs; cs;slf;fpa jhtuq;fis tsh; j ; J s; s dh; . gUtfhy mWtilapy; igd; M g; g ps; > thio> Nrid> Ks; s q; f p> jf;fhsp> ghfw;fha;> kpsfha;> ntz;il vd yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

jd;dhh;tyh;fs; Ratptuq;fs; epjpj;Jiwapy; fy;tpg; gpd;Gyk; nfhz;l gpukpsh khh;b];> jdJ gzpapy; ,Ue;J tpUg;g Xa;T ngw;W> 2013 Mk; Mz;L r%f efu Ntshz; FOtpy; (efh;Gw ,iyfs;) Nrh;e;jhh;. mth; ‘efh;Gw ,iyfs;” elj;jpa rikayiw Njhl;;lk; gw;wpa fUj;Jg;gl;;liw gapw;rpapy; gq;Nfw;whh;. gj; j phpf; i f Jiwapy; gpd; d zpiaf; nfhz; l jP g ; j p [hq; f pahdp> fopTfis kWRow; r p nra; t jpy; Mh; t k; fhl; b dhh; . mth; njhlh;e;J tPl;by; cuk; jahhpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhh;. gpd;dh; efh;g;Gw ,iyfspy jd;dhh;tyuhf Mdhh;. mk;hpj; kpl;;b> cyh;e;j caph;kj;ij rpijj;J> ngUk;ghYk; fha;e;j ,iyfis cs;slf;fp> mk;Uj;[y; vdg;gLk; Mh;fhdpf; KLf;fpiag; gad; g Lj; j p jahhpf; f g; g LfpwJ. ,J jz;zPh;> fhy;eil rpWePh;> fhy;eil rhzk; kw;Wk; fhpkfUg;G nty;yk; Mfpatw;wpd; fyitapypUe;J jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,d;Dk; gy nrhy;ypf;$baitAk; cs;slq;Fk;. kpf Kf; f pakhf> cly; ciog; N ghL $ba nray; g hLfshd kl; F cuk; jahhpg; G > coT kw;Wk; gaph; guhkhpg;G Kjypatw;wpy; kf;fspd; gq; n fLg; G > czT cw; g j; j p nra; A k; ,e; j nray;Kiwapy; mth;fs; jq;fis rhp nra;J nfhs;s cjtpaJ. 7 Kjy; 80 taJ tiu vd gy; N tW taJila FOf; f spd; gq; n fLg; G Gjpatifapy; jiyKiwapdUf;fpilNaahd xw; W ik kw; W k; tpthjq; f Sf; F ,l; L r; nrd;wJ. ruhrhpahf gy;NtW FOit Nrh;e;j 20 jd; d hh; t yh; f s; thuj; j pd; filrpapy; G+q;fhtpw;F tUif je;J mq;F tpijg;G> elT> mWtil kw;Wk; ePh; gha;rR ; jy; Nghd;w gzpfspy; gq;nfLg;ghh;fs;. mtspd; thh;j;ijfspy;:> ‘.... ePq;fs; nrhe;jkhf gq;nfLf;Fk;NghJ> ,e;j Kaw;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Ghpe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;. ehq;fs; gaph;fis kl;Lk; tsh;ff ; tpy;iy> kdpjh;fisAk; tsh;f;fpNwhk;”. ,e;j FOthdJ jq;f ; spd; nray;ghl;Lj; jsj;ij mUfpy; cs;s thuhe;jpu coth; re;ijfNshL njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L> mq;fpUe;J ,aw;ifKiwapy; tpistpf;fg;gl;l tpijfs;> mq; F fha; f wp fopTfshf tplg; g l; l tw; i w kl;Fcukhf khw;Wtjpy; <LgLj;jpf; nfhz; l dh; . mth; f spd; mjpfkhdMh; t k; 14

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

kw; W k; czTKiwfs; mjd; epiyfs; kP J cs;s ftiyapd; fhuzkhf> Culq;F fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; gpukpsh ‘gaphpLNthhplkpUe;J ghe;jpuh tPLfSf;F” vd;w mikg;ig Vw;gLj;jp> mq; f pUe; J mth; tptrhapfspd; cw; g j; j p nra;ag;gl;l nghUl;fis fz;lwpe;J> mWtil nra;ag;gl;ltw;iw tptrhapfsplkpUe;J my;yJ tptrhanghUl; f is Nrfhpg; N ghhplkpUe; J nfhs;Kjy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. gbg;gbahf> ,e;j $l;likg;ghdJ tphptilakw;w cWg;gpdh;fSk; mth; f spd; ez; g h; f s; my; y J FLk; g j; j pd; topahf FOtpw; F NkYk; mjpf tptrha nghUl;fismwpKfg;gLj;jpdh;.

Culq;Ffhyj;jpy; ek;gpf;ifahd xU $l;likg;ig fl;likj;jJ gpukpsh khh; b ]; fle; j rpy tUlq; ; f shf rpy ,aw; i f coth; f splk; mhprp kw; W k; jhdpaq;fis thq;fp te;jhh;. coth;fs; jq;fs; tpisnghUl; f isg; gw; w p gfph; e ; J nfhs; s Md; i yd; thl; ] ; m g; FOit cUthf; F k; Kaw; r pia mth; Nkw; n fhz; l hh; . mtuJ $w; W g; g b> tptrhapfs; gfph; e ; J nfhz; l tptuq; f s; mth; f Sld; ek; g pf; i f kw; W k; njhlh; i g tsh; ; f ; f cjtpaJ. cjhuzkhf> FOtpy; jq; ; f s; tpisnghUl; f is tpw; w coth;fspy; xUth; RrPy; Nghh;fh;. njhopypy; mth; xU njhopyjpguhf ,Ue;jhYk;> epyj; i j guhkhpg; g jpy; j hd; jdJ ,jak; mlq; f papUf; f pwJ vd epidf; F k; mth; fle;j 30 Mz;Lfshf xt;nthU thu ,Wjp ehl;fspYk; mt;thW nra;J tUfpwhh;. ,e;jpa njhopy;El;;gf; fofj;jpy; (IIb) tdtpyq;F fpsg;gpy; xU khztuhf ,Ue;jNghJ mth; ngw; w mDgtq; f Ns ,aw; i fapd; kP j hd mtuJ Mh;tj;jpw;F fhuzk;. mth; ,urhad cuq;fs; my;yJ G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfisg; gad; g Lj; J tjpy; i y. NkYk; gz; i zapy; cUthfptUk; czT #oiy ftdj; j py; nfhs;fpwhh;. mth; jdJ jahhpg;G gw;wp FOtpy; gpd;tUkhW gjptpl;Ls;shh;. ’vq;fs; gz;iz nghUl;fis ,e;j thuk; toq;f jpl;lkpl;L ; s;Nshk; vd;W cq;fSf;F njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; ehq;fs; kfpo;rr ; pailfpNwhk;. gj;k= Rgh\; ghNyfhpd; ,aw;if Ntshz; Kiwia ehq; f s; gpd; g w; W fpNwhk; . ,J gRkhLfs; mbg;gilapyhd fhdk;;Uj; kw;Wk; [Pthk;Uj; gad;ghl;il Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ. ,jidj; jahhpf;f> vq; f splk; nkhj; j k; 18 ehl; L fhy; e ilfs; (gRf;fs;> fhisfs; kw;Wk; fd;Wfs;) cs;sd.

NkYk; ehq;fs; gRf;fSf;F ghy; nfhLg;gjpy;iy. vq;fspd; midj;J jahhpg;GfSk; 100 tpOf;fhL ,aw;ifKiwapy; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. vq;fs; khk;goq;fs; %d;W tiffspy; fpilf;fpd;wd. `G+]; (vq;fs; khk;goj;jpy; 80 tpOf;fhL)> uj;dh (10 tpOf;fhL)> Nf\h; (10 tpOf; f hL). khk; g oq; f s; filrp epkplj; j py; mWtil nra; a g; g Lfpd; w d. ,jdhy; mit KOikahd kukhf Kjph;r;rpailAk;. gpd;dh; mhprp itf;Nfhypy; itj;J gOf;fitf;fg;gLfpd;wd. tpw;fg;gLk; khk; g oq; f s; gOj; j /ghjpgOj; j epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;. Fiwee;jgl;r Mh;lhpd; msthdJ 8 l[d;fs;. khk;goj;jpd; mstpy; nefpo;thf ,Uf;Fk;. Efh;Nthh; jdpg;gl;l coth;fsplkpUe;J czTg; nghUl;fis thq;fpg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; jq;fs; nrhe; j mDgtj; i jg; gfph; e ; J nfhz; l dh; . jP g ; j papd; $w; W g; g b> jhtuq; f spy; gok; jUk; gUtfhy Kiwfs; gw;wpa mth;fspd; mDgtq;fs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l khjj;jp;y; vd;d fpilf; f pd; w d vd; g ijg; Ghpe; J nfhs; s Tk; ghuhl;lTk; mDkjpj;jJ.

cs;@h; nghUl;fis tpepNahfpg;gjw;fhd Mjupg;gjw;fhd topKiwfis cUthf;Ftjpy;mjPj gq;Nfw;G gz; i zfspypUe; J efuq; f Sf; F nry; Y k; gazr; nrytpdq;fis Fiwf;Fk; tifapy;> coth; f splkpUe; J nkhj; j khf nfhs; K jy; nra;J> mth;fspd; Kbtpy; tpisnghUl;fisg; gphpj; J f; nfhLf; F k; nghWg; G fisAk; FO cWg;gpdh;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;. nray;fspy; <Lglhky; ntWkNd ngWth;fshf ,Ug;gjw;F gjpyhf> jdpegh;fs; tpisnghUl;fSf;fhd chpikiaAk; > coth; f s; ; kP j hd fdpitAk; czh;e;Jnfhz;ldh;. cjhuzkhf> ntt;NtW tptrhapfsplkpUe; J ntq; f hak; kw; W k; goq;fis thq;f FO xd;W $b jq;fSf;Fs; tpepNahfj;ij xOq;FgLj;jpaJ. vy;yh nlypthpfSk; jpl;lkpl;l ; gb elf;Fk; vd;W nrhy;y KbahJ> rpyrkaq;;fspy; jsthlq;fs; my; y J cw; g j; j papd; juj; i j eph; t fpg; g J fbdkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> gpukpsh> coth; f s; my; y J xUq; f pizg; g hsh; f is Efh; N thUld; ,izg; g jpy; njhlh; r ; r pahf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tij ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhh;.

Vn ddpy; czTg; gd;Kfj;jd;ik ia g; gw; w p ed; F tphpthff; fw; W f; n fhz; l hh; . mJkhjphpahd jfty; f is FOtpy; cs; s kw;wth;fSf;F mDg;GtJ> mth;fs; czitg; ngWtjpy; Mh; t k; fhl; l cjtpaJ vd; w fUj;ijAk; mth; njhptpf;fpwhh;.

kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; Ragyk; ngw;wJ Fwpj;j ey;nyhOf;f tl;lq;fs; coth;fsplk; ,Ue;J njhlh;r;rpahf ngwg;gl;l kjpg;gPLfs;; kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;;fs; jq;fspd; Njh;T kw;Wk; $l;Lr; nray;ghl;L Kaw;rpfshy; FO Ra gyk; mile;jpUg;gjhf vz;zpaJ. ‘vq; f spy; ntq; f hak; thq; f path; f Sf; F > ntq;fhak;; cw;gj;jp nra;j cotuhd mtpAld; xUq;fpize;J tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; tpepNahfj;ij Vw;ghL nra;jjw;fhf mkpj; mth;fSf;F xU nghpaed;wp. cq;fspd; jftYf;fhf> mjhtJ mtp kw;Wk; mtuJ mUfpy; cs;s coth;fs; 6 ld; Nfhil ntq;fhaj;ij itj;jpUe;jdh;. tzpfh;fsplk; Fiwe;j tpiyf;F nfhLf;f kWj;J Kk;ikf;F jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; toq;f KbT nra;jdh;. fle;j thuk; 1500 fpNyh vil Nghl;ldh;. ehq;fs; xU rpwpa gFjpahf 100 fpNyhtpy; ,Ue;Njhk;. Mdhy; mJ ed;whf ,Ue;jJ.“ FOtpd; MjuT kpfTk; rpwpa mstpyhd jahhpg;GfSf;Fk; (Njq;fha;> CWfha; Nghd; w it) eP l ; b f; f g; g l; l J. ,jd; %yk; ; mjpf msT cs;@h; tpepNahfr; rq;fpypfis cUthf;FfpwJ.

Kd;Ndhf;fp nry;Yk; top: cs;@h; Kd;Kaw;rpfs; %yk; coth;fspd; tpisnghUl;fisMjhpj;jy; efh;Gw Ntshz; Kaw;rpfspy; FOtpd; njhlh;r;rpahd gq;Nfw;G coth;fspd; Kaw;rpfis ghuhl;l cjTk; vd;gij tpthpg;Gfs; kw;Wk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. cs;@h; fhyepiy tpisnghUl;;fis vt;thW ghjpf;fyhk; vd;gijg; Ghpe;Jnfhz;l> msT my;yJ juj;jpy; cs;s Kuz;ghLf is Vw;Wf;nfhs;s mth;fs; jahuhf ,Ue;jdh;. tof;fkhd fUj;J kw;Wk; ciuahly; nrayw;w Efh;Nthh; vd;gijtpl coth;fSld; $l;L czh; i t czu mth; f Sf; F cjtpaJ. ek; g pf; i fapd; cwitf; fl; b naOg; G tJ> kw;wth;fspd; jpUg;jpia (Efh;NthUf;F juk; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

kw;Wk; coth;fSf;F epahakhd tpiy) cWjp nra;tjw;fhf ,U jug;gpdUk; $Ljy; iky; nry;y jahuhf ,Uf;Fk; toptFj;jJ. r%fmbg;gilapyhd mDgtq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; efh;g;Gw Efh;Nthiu czh;jy;> epiyahd Ntshz;; Kaw;rpfSf;F Njitahd Njitfs; kw; W k; Mjuit ngw cjTk; . coth; re;ijfs; kw;Wk; jd;dhh;t njhz;L epWtdq; f Sf; f pilNaahd nraypy; cs; s xj;Jiog;G> mjpf mstpy; cs;@h; tpepNahfr; rq;fpypfis nray;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> gz;lkhw;W> jd; d hh; t Neuk; > tsq; f s; Nghd; w tw; w pd; %yk; nghUshjhu ghpth; j ; j idfSf; f hd khw;Wtopfis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; xUtopahFk;. xJf;fPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fs; Nghd;w fUj;jhf;fk; Nghd;w efu-Ntshz; Kaw;rpfis Cf;Ftpj;J epiy epWj;j cs;fl;likg;G my;yJ tsq;fisr; nray; g Lj; J tJ> efuj; jpl; l kplYf; f hd nfhs;ifg; ghpe;Jiuapd; xU gFjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz; L k; . cs; @ h; coth; f is jP t pukhf Mjhpg;gjw;fhd Kf;fpakhd tpopg;Gzh;T kw;Wk; $l; l ikg; G fis cUthf; F tjpy; efuj; i j mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l czTj;Njhl;lq;fs;

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

Kf; f pa gq; F tfpf; f pd; w d. Efu jpl; l kply; rhh;e;j nfhs;iffspy; ,j;jifa Kaw;rpfs; ,lk; ngwNtz;Lk;.  References Dutta, D., & Chandrasekharan, S. (2018). Doing to being: farming actions in a community coalesce into proenvironment motivations and values. Environmental Education Research,24(8), 11921210. Parnell, S., Elmqvist, T., McPhearson, T., Nagendra, H., &Sörlin, S. (2018). Introduction: Situating knowledge and action for an urban planet. The urban planet: knowledge towards sustainable cities, 1-16. Deborah Dutta Senior Research Fellow Living Farm Incomes Project Institute of Rural Management Anand-388001 E-mail: deborah@irma.ac.in; debbiebornfree@gmail.com %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> nrg;lk;gh; 2020> thy;A+k; 22> ,jo; 3

jhq;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;l jhh; coth;fs; hpJ[h kpj;uh Culq;fpd;NghJ Nghf;Ftuj;J nehpry;> ntl;Lf;fpsp jhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; gpw rthy;fs; Nghd;w rthy;fSf;F kj;jpapy;> ,e;jpah-ghfp];jhd; vy;iyNahu fpuhkq;fisr; Nrh;e;j coth;fs; vjph;ghh;j;jijtpl kpfTk; nefpo;r;rpAld; ,Ue;jdh;. ‘2020 vq;fSf;F mt;tsT Nkhrkhf ,y;iy” vd;W gpfhNdhpd; NfhLfpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;j rjhRf; ngdpthy; $Wfpwhh; . Nfhtpl; - 19 ngUe;njhw;why; ehL nfhe;j spg;g py; ,Ue; j NghJ> ,e; N jh-ghf; vy; i yf; F mUfpYs; s fpuhkq; f spd; coth; f Sf; F k; tp\aq; f s; Kw;wpYk; NtWgl;litahf ,Ue;jJ. twz;l khepykhd uh[];jhdpd; fpuhkq;fspy; ,e;j Mz;L ey;y kio nga;Js;sJ. ,e;jpa thdpiy Ma;T ikaj;jpd; mwpf;ifapd;gb> n[a;rhy;kh; khtl;lj;jpy; rhjhuz Mz;by; nga;tijtpl cghpkio nga;Js;sJ. gpujkh; eNue;jpu Nkhbahy; mwptpf;fg;gl;;l Kjy; fl;l Culq;fhd khh;r; khjj;jpy; n[a;rhy;kh; khtl;lk;; kw;Wk;; gpfhNdhpd; gpw vy;iyNahu khtl;lq;fspy; cs;s coth;f s; Fog; gkhd epiyapy; ,Ue;jdh;. n[a;rhy;kh; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s xjhdpah fpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;j coth; yl;R ; kpNjtp> Culq;F mwptpf;fg;gl;l clNdNa> cs;@h; kz;bfs; Kw;wpYkhf %lg;gl;ld. fhhpg; gUtj;jpw;fhd tpijfis gpfhndh; my;yJ n[a;rhy;kh; kz;b]py; tpw;fNth thq;fNth vq;fSf;F tpUg;gk; ,y;iy. ehq;fs; vq;fis mUfpYs; s fpuhkq; f Sf; F k; > nghf; u hd; re;ijf;Fk; kl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;Nlhk;. yl;Rkp Njtp Nghd;w coth;fs; jdJ taypy; thpirahf gaph; nra; J tUfpd; w dh; . ,e; j eilKiwfs; ,e;j Mz;L mjph;\l ; khfkhwpaJ.

‘yhf;lTd; tiu vy;yhk; ed;whf ,Ue; j J. Mdhy; vy; i yf; fpuhkq; ; f spy; G+r; r pjhf; F jy; (ntl; L f; f psp jhf; F jiyf; Fwpf; f pwJ) gw; w p Nfs; t pg; g l; N ld; . ehq; f s; midtUk; ftiyg; g l; N lhk; . mJ fhhpg; gUtj;;jpy; Muk;gk;. ehd; vdJ taypy; epiwa cioj;Njd;. vdJ gaph;fs; mope;JtpLk; vd;W ehd; vjph; g hh; f ; f tpy; i y. mjph; \ ; l trkhf> yl;RkpNjtpapd; tay; kw;Wk; mtuJ fpuhkk; kw;w fpuhkq;fis jhf;fpaJNghy; jhf;Fjyhy; ghjpf; f g; g ltpy; i y. ,jw; f hf mth; jd; kP s ; gaph; Kiwiag; ghuhl; b dhs; . Kd; G ,e; j jhf; F jy; f s; Fiwthf ,Ue; j d. ek; Kd; N dhh; f is gpd; g w; w p> tay; f spy; gy gaph; f is gaphplf; fw; W f; nfhLj; j jhy; > G+r; r pj; jhf; F jy; Vw; g Lk; Nghnjy; y hk; xU rpy gaph; f s; kl; L Nk ghjpf; f g; g l; l d. G+r; r pfs; rpy gaph; f spy; <h; f ; f g; g Lfpd; w d kw; W k; rpytw; i w tpUk; G tjpy; i y> mit tpul;bahf nray;gLfpd;wd. ,Wjpapy; rpyekf; F g; ghJfhg; g hfNt ,Uf; f pd; w d” vd;W tpsf;Ffpwhh; yl;Rkp. ,e;j thjj;ij ngUk;ghyhd tajhd coth;fs; xg;Gf;nfhz;ldh;. ,e;j Mz;L ntl;Lf;fpspfs;> xw; i wg; g aph; Kiwiag; gpd; g w; w p epiwa G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfisg; gad;gLj;jpa coth;fspd; gaph;fis Nrjg;gLj;jpd. gpfhNdh; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s Gyhrh; fpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;j 62 tajhd gpNukh uhk;>” ehq;fs; gy G+r;rp gUtq;fisf; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

fz;bUf;fpNwhk;. ,e;jg; ghiytdj;jpy; ve;jg; gaph;fis tpistpj;NjhNkh me;j gaph;fis jpwk;gl eph;tfpj;Js;Nshk;. Mdhy; gygaph;fs; nra;Ak;NghJ G+r;rpjhf;Fjy; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. re;ij rhh;e;j tpijfis ehq;fs; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. epk;;Nghb (Ntk;Gtpijfs;) kw;Wk; khl;LNfhkpaj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ePkh]; jpuhit vq;fs; gaph;fSf;F ,aw;ifcuq;fs; kw;Wk; G+r;rptpul;bfshf ehq;fs; tpUk;GfpNwhk;. ,it ghJfhg;ghdit. 25 gpfh jhpR epyj;jpy; Ntshz;ik nra;Ak; yl;Rkp Nghd;w ngz; coth;fs; Cluq;fpd; tpisTfisg; gw;wp kpfTk; gae;jdh;. vdJ FLk;gk; KOtJkhf Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; rpy cly; ciog;ig ek;gpapUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; nfhNuhdh vq;fis ghjpf;ftpy;iy vd;Wehd; $WNtd;. vq; f Sila tpisnghUl; f is cs; @ h; re;ijapy; tpw;fNth my;yJ re;ijapy; ,Ue;J tpijfis thq;fNth Kbahjjhy;>re;ijfis mZFtjpy; kl;LNk ghjpg;G Vw;gl;lJ. cyfk; KOtJkhf Fog;gj;jpy; ,Ue;jNghJ uh[];jhdpy; cs;s ,e;j coth;fs; jq;fs; ghuk; g hpa mwpTKiwfisg; gad; g Lj; j p jq;fisj; jpwk;gl eph;tfpj;J>jq;fs; nrhe;j tpijfisg; gad;gLj;jp> ghuk;ghpa cuq;fshd eP k h]; j puh> fP l ; d h\hf; Nghd; w tw; i wg; gad;gLj;jpdh;. NkYk; cs;@h; fpuhk mstpyhd kz;bfis tpw;gid nra;J te;jdh;. cs;@h; jd;dhh;t njhz;L epWtdj;jpy; gzpGhpAk; g[;[{ Nj[hGuh fpuhkj;ijr; Nrh;e;j Xk; gpufh\; vd;w ,isQh; $Wfpwhh;. ‘efuq;fspy; Ntiy ,y; y hjNghJ fpuhkq; f Sf; F j; jpUk; g pa njhopyhsh;fisg; Nghy coth;fspd; tho;fi ; f fbdkhf ,y;iy. mth;fspy; rpyh; cldbahf Ntshz; gzpfisg; ngw; w dh; . mth; f spy; rpyh; Ntshz;ikf;F ntspNa eltbf;iffs; njhlq; F tjw; F fhj; j pUf; f Ntz; b apUe; j J. gpfhNdh; khtl;lj;jpd; Nfhyahj; nj`;rpy; my ; y J ng h f ;u hk; j hY }f ;f h t p y ; cs;s ngUk;ghyhd fpuhkq;fs; ,e;j Gyk;ngah;e;j njhopyhsh;fis gz;izfSf;F cs; thq;fpd. xU fhyj;jpy; Nga; fpuhkq;;fshf khwpa fpuhkq;fs; ,e;j Mz;Lk; Ntshz;ik nra; a j; njhlq; f pd. ,e; j njhopyhsh; f s; ghrpg; g aW> epyf; f liy Nghd; w gaph; f is

,aw;if md;idahdJ midtUf;Fk; Ntiyia itj;jpUf;fpwJ> ,Ug;gpDk; kf;fs; Ntiyf;fhf efuq;fSf;F nry;fpwhh;fs;. 18

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

tsh;gg ; jpy; <Lgl;Ls;sddh;. rjhRf; ngdpthy; cWjpgl $Wfpwhh;> ‘fk;ngdpfs; ntspNawr; nrhd;dNghJ fpuhkg;Gw ,e;jpah Ntiyfis toq;fpaJ. ,aw;if g+kpapy; midtUf;Fk; Ntiy ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;Dk; kf;fs; Ntiyf;fhf efuq;ffSf;F nry;fpwhh;fs;. jpUk;gp te;jrpy ,isQh;fisAk; mth; ghuhl;Lfpwhh;. ‘,izaj; ; j py; Gjpa tpw; g id ,lq; f Sf; F mth;fs; vq;fSf;F cjt tpUk;gpdh;. ehq;fs; tpiutpy; mijr; nra; N thk; ” . Xk; gpufh\; coth; f spd; gpur; r idfis Rl; b f; f hl; b > ‘Nfhtpl; ,Ue; j hYk; ,y; y htpl; l hYk; > jhh; coth; f ; fhhpg; gaph; f is vhpf; f tplhky; tsh; j ; j dh; ” vd; W $Wfpwhh; . ,itjtpu> ngUe; n jhw; w pd; N ghJ Fiwe; j gl; r MjuT tpiy xUrthyhf ,Ue;jJvd;fpwhh; NfhL fpuhkj; i j Nrh; e ; j Jh; [ d; rpq; . ‘Ntshz; Jiwvg;NghJk; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; ,e;j Nehia vg;NghJk; Fiwnrhy;yKbahJ. vy; N yhUk; ,ij xU rhf; f hf vLj; J f; ; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. ngUk;ghyhd coth;fs; jq;fs; tpisnghUl;fis murplk; tpw;fKbatpy;iy. Fiwe ;jgl;r MjuT tpiy n fhs ; K j y ; Md;iyd; Nghh;ly;fs; %lg;gl;ld” vd;W Xk; gpufh\; njhptpf;fpwhh;. coth;fSf;F cjtpa XNu tp\ak; ; > tpisnghUl; f spd; fpuhkg; ghpkhw;wk; kw;Wk; tl;lhu jiyikaplj;jpy; cs;s rpwpakz;;bfs; kl;LNk; vd;Wk; mth;; $Wfpwhh;. nghJthf ,e;j Mz;L fbdkhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mf;Nlhghpy; ,e;j Mz;L gQ;rhaj;J Njh;jYf;Fg; gpwF epr;rak; tUk; Gjpa khw;wq;fisg; gw;wp coth;fs; Mh;tkhf ,Ue;jdh; vdr; jhRf; $Wfpwhh;. ‘tptrhapfspd; jiyg;G vLf;fg;gl;l ; J kw;Wk; Nghl;;bapLk; gq;Nfw;ghsh;fspy; rpyh; Gjpa njhopy;El;;gq;fspd; mtrpaj;ij xg; G f; n fhz; L s; s dh; . Fiwe; j gl; r MjuT tpiyNghh;ll ; y;> mNkrhd; kw;Wk; gpw Md;iyd; Nghh;l;ly;fspy; vq;fs; jahhpg;Gfis nfhz;L tUtjw; f hd topfis mth; f s; Muha; e ; J tUfpd;wdh;. jhh; coth;fspd; fij tpuf;jp kw;Wk; kfpo;rr ; papd; fyitahd czh;r;rpfisf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. Mdhy; mth;fs; jiyKiwfshf; nfhz;L te;j jq;fs; nrhe;jtop Kiwapy; mtw;iwf; ifahsNtz;bajd; mtrpaj;ijg; gw;wpgae;jdh;.  Rituja Mitra Research Consultant, Urmul Trust, Urmul Bhawan, Bikaner-334 001, Rajasthan E-mail: rituja.mitra18_dev@apu.edu.in %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2020> thy;A+k; 22> ,jo; 4

Ra cjtpNa rpwe;j cjtp nghUshjhu ke;j epiyf;F vjpuhf goq;Fbapd coth;fs; tYthf epw;fpd;wdh; [hdf; gphPl; rpq; kt;tpahq; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;@h; nghUl;fis tpw;gjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l rf;fuq;;fspy; gz;iz vd;Dk; Kaw;rp coth; FOf;fSf;F gy;tifahd cs;@h; re;ijia gutyhf;fg;gl;l Kiwapy; mZFtjw;F cjtpAs;sJ. ,jid Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ ,e;j Kaw;rpahdJ kw;w coth; FOf;fSf;F cjhuzkhf Nkfhyhtpy; cs;s ne];Ng]; (NESFAS) mikg;NghL ,ize;J nray;gLtJ> mth;fs; filgpbf;fTk;> mth;fspd; gFjpfspy; Kd;Ndhf;fp vLj;Jr; nry;tjw;Fk; Cf;fg;gLj;jpaJ. cyfyhtpa ngUe; n jhw; ; w hy; ,e; j cyfk; ghjpf; f g; g l; L xt; n thUtUf; F k; ngUk; Jd;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jp gy;NtW gFjpfspy; fLk; ghjpg;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. Nfhtpl; 19 cyfk; KOtJk; nghUshjhu jlq;fy;fis>Fwpg;ghf nghUshjhuj; j pw; F Njitahd mbg; g il %yjdk; ,y;yhj my;yy; gLk; rpW coth;fSf;F Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. md;whl re;ijfs; %lg;gl;Lk;> my;yJ murpd; tpjpKiwfspdhy; ghjpasNt ,aq;fpa re;ijfs; gyUf;F kpfg;nghpa mstpw;F nghUshjhu f\; l q; f is Vw; g Lj; j paJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; ,J jw;rhh;Gila ghuk;ghpa tptrhapfSf;F ghjpg;Gfis Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy. ,e;j Nrhjidahd Neuj;jpYk; mth;fs; Gjpa tifahd fz;Lgpbg;Gfspd; %yk; jPh;Tfis fz; l wpe; J > rpy; y hq; f py; jiyikafkhf nfhz; L > tlfpof; F ,e; j pahtpy; cs; s Nkfhyah gFjpfspy; ghuk;ghpa czTKiwfis ghJfhj; J k; > GJg; g pj; J k; mjidfhj; J k; tUfpd;w cs;s xU jd;dhh;t mikg; ghd ne];gh]; ( nkJthd czT kw;Wk; Ntshz; gd; k aj; j pw; f hd tlf; ; F fpof; F mikg; G ) cjtpNahL ,e;j rpf;fy;fis rkhspj;Jepd;wdh;. Nkfhyahtpd; jiyefuhd \py;yhq;fpy; ne];gh]; mike;Js;sJ. jw;NghJ fpuhkg;Gw kpd;kakhf;Fk; fofj;jpd; (Mh;.,.rp) gTz;Nl\d; jpl;lkhd 3000 FLk;g ; q;fSf;F caphpdg; gd;kak;; vd;gJ czT> Cl;lr;rj;J kw;Wk; rf;jp cj;jputhjk; ,jpy; vd; w ahUk; ; tpLgl; L tplf; $ lhJ” vd;w jpl;lj;jpy; ne];gh]; Nkfhyah kw;Wk; ehfyhe;jpy; 130 fpuhkq;fspy; gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. jw;NghJ ne];gh]; 3249 coth;fis <LgLj;jp gy; N tW gzpfis Fwpg; g hf ,lk; khw; w pf; nfhz;Nl nra;ag;gLk; Ntshz;ikapy; <LgLk; goq; F bapdngz; rpW coth; f s; kj; j papy; nra;JtUfpwJ. ,jpy; rpyNgh; epue;jukhf xU gFjpapy; FbNawp nra;Ak; Ntshz; Kiwfshd ney; kw;Wk; my;yJ rkjs gFjpapy; nra;ag;gLk; rhFbapy; <Lgl;L tUfpd;wdh;. ,e;j coth;fs; jq;fspd; Kd;Ndhh;fs; nfhLj;Jtpl;L nrd;w cs;@h; tpijfis itj;Js;sdh;. cs;@h; tpijfs; nkJthf kiwe;J tUfpd;w epiy ,Ue; j hYk; > mtw; i w GJg; g pg; g jw; F rpwg; G

Kaw;rpfspd; nray;ghLfshd tpij ghpkhw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;; epfo;Tfs; kw;Wk; r%fmstpy; tpij tq;fpfis cUthf;Fjy; Nghd;wit elj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. nghJthf ,e;j coth;fs; jq;fspd; tpisnghUl;fis thuhe;jpu cs;@h; re;ijfspy; tpw;fpd;wdh;. rpyh; rpwpa mstpyhd gFjpia thliff;F vLj;Jk;>rpyh; jw;fhypfkhd Vw;ghlhf jiug; g Fjpfspy; mikj; J k; tpw; f pd; w dh; . mth;fs; jq;fsplk; te;J nghUl;fis thq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; tzpfh;fsplKk; tpw;WtUfpd;wdh;. ,Ug;gpDk;> Nfhtpl; 19 d; fhuzkhf ,e;j tifapy; tpw;gJ kpfTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. md;whl re;ij tha;g;GfSf;F ,Ue;j jlq;fy;fSf;Fk;> mjdhy; Vw;gl;l tho;thjhu rthy;fis rkhspf;f cs;@h; jPh;thf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;L> Jtf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpjhd; ‘rf;fuq;fspy; gz;iz vd;gjhFk;. rhpahd fhyf; f l; l j; j py; coth; FOf; f s; jq; f s; tpisnghUl; f is Neubahf Efh; N thhplk; tpw; g jw; f hd ,e; j Kaw; r p> mth; f Sf; f hd epiyj;j tho;thjhu tha;gG ; fisAk; cUthf;fpf; nfhs;s cjtpaJ. cz;ikapy; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy;> ,J coth; FOf;fs; xU tz;bia thliff;F vLj;J jq;fspd; Gjpjhf tpise;j fha;fwpfis thuk; xU KiwNah my;yJ vg;Nghnjy;yhk;; tpisnghUl; f s; jahuhf ,Uf; f pd; w Njh mg; N ghnjy; y hk; tpw; g jhFk; . Nkfhyahtpd; gy; N tW khtl; l q; f spy; gutpf; f plf; F k; fpl;lj;jl;l 200 coth;fs;/ 30 FOf;fs; ,jpy; gq;Nfw;Ws;sdh;. ,e;j coth;fs; thliff;F thfdj;ij vLg;ghh;fs;. ,Jtiu xU FOtplKk; nrhe;jthfdk; ,y;iy Mdhy; vjph;fhyj;jpy; mth;fspd; FO Nrkpg;gpy; ,Ue;J thq;Ftjw;fhd jpl;lk; cs;sJ. coth;fs; re;ij ehl;fis nfhz;L mjw;F Vw;whw;Nghy; xU jpl;lj;ij cUthf; F thh; f s; . nghJthf rf; f uq; f spy; gz; i z vd; g J thuj; j pw; F ,uz; L Kiw ,aq;Fk;. xt;nthU FOtpy; ,Ue;J 1 my;yJ 2 coth;fs; thfdj;NjhL tUthh;fs;. ,J nrytpdq;fis Fiwtij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;;sg;gl;lJ. ne];gh]; ,e;j coth; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

FOf;fSf;F Jtf;Ftjw;fhd nghUl;fs;> rpwpa %yjd cjtp kw;Wk; mth;fSf;F gjpNtLfis guhkhpg;gjpy; gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;lJ. cz;ikapy; ,e; j rpW mstpyhd ghuk; g hpa coth; f s; gy;tifahd tpisnghUl;fis tpistpj;J tUfpd; w dh; . tpw; f g; g Lk; nghUl; f spy; rpy fhLfspy; Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpd;witAk; mlq;Fk;. tpw;fg;gLk; nghUl;fspy; cz;zf;$ba fhl;Lg; nghUl; ; f s; > cUisf; f poq; F > Nful; > gP d ; ] ; Nghd; w fha; f wpfSk; ; > gUtj; j py; tpisAk; fha;fwpfs;> goq;fs; kw;Wk; gaWtiffSk; mlq;Fk;. ne];gh]; mikg;NghL njhlh;Gila coth; FOf;fs; rf;fuj;jpy; gz;iz vd;w mbj;jsj;ij gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. Nfhtpl; fl;Lg;g ; hLfs; jsh;jj ; g;gl;l ehl;fspy; mth; f s; cs; @ h; re; i japYk; jq; f spd; tpisnghUl;fis tpw;fpd;wdh;. ,e;j Kaw;rpahdJ r%f ,ilntsp fl;Lg;ghLfNshL tpahghuk; ,aq; F tjw; F mDkjpg; g ijAk; > re; i jia Efh; N thh; ,lj; j pw; F nfhz; L nry;tijAk; Nehf;fkhf nfhz;L nray;gLfpwJ. ,J cs;@h; czT cj;jputhjj;ij ghJfhf;f Ntz; b ajd; mtrpaj; i jAk; > mth; f spd; cs;@h; nghUl;f ; is thq;FtijAk;> tpw;gijAk; cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> ngUk;ghyhd rpW tptrhapfsplk; mth; f s; Njitf; F g; Nghf cghpahf cs; s nghUl; f isNa tpw; g jhy; > tpw; f f; $ ba nghUl;fs; Fiwthd mstpNyNa fpilj;jJ vjph;nfhz;l rthyhf ,Ue;jJ. midthplKk; ,Ue;JnghUl;fis Nrfhpj;jNghJk;>fpilf;Fk; nghUl;fspd; msT kpfTk; Fiwthf ,Ug;gij mth;fs; czh;ej ; dh;> vdNt re;ijf;F nry;Yk; ehl;fisAk; Fiwj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;. ,jid Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ> ,e;j Kaw;rpahdJ Nkfhyhahtpy; ne];gh]; mikg;NghL njhlh;Gila kw;w coth; FOf;fSf;F ,jid gpd; g w; w p mth; f spd; gFjpfspy; ,jid vLj;Jr;; nry;tjw;F cjhuzkhf mike;jJ. rf; f uq; f spy; gz; i z vd; w Kaw; r pNahL Nrh; j ; J Nkfhyahtpd; Nkw; F n[apd; b ah kiyg;gFjpfspy; cs;s rpy FOf;fs;> efh;Gw kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd rq;fj;jpd; (v];. A. Mh;. ,) cjtpNahL coth;fs; kw;Wk; Efh;Nthh; ,ilNa cs; s ,ilntspia ,izf; F k; tifapy; iry;L (https://syllad. com/store) vd;Dk; jsj;ij mikj;J fha;fwpfis ,izajsj;jpd; topahf tpw; g jw; F cjtpaJ. ne]; g h]; mikg;gpd; $l;lhsp muR rhuh epWtdkhd efh;Gw kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd rq;fk; (v];. A. Mh;. ,) coth;fs; kj;jpapy; cs;s ,izajs iry;L Kaw;rpia xUq;fpizj;jJ. tpisnghUl;fspd; ,Ug;G Fwpj;j jfty;fis efh;Gw kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd rq;fk; 20

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2021

kt;`pahq; fpuhkj;jpy; rf;fuq;fspy; gz;iz Kaw;rp

iry; L f; F mwptpf; F k; . ,J coth; f splk; ,Ue;J tpisnghUl;fis nfhs;Kjy; nra;tjw;F cjTk;. ,e;j Vw;ghl;by; tpw;fg;gLk; tpisnghUl;fs; - goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfs; iry; b d; ,izajsj; j pd; mwptpf; f g; g Lk; . ,d;Dk; tpguq;fSf;F ,izajsj;ij fhz;f. ,e;j $l;L Kaw;rpnghUl;fis efh;gG ; w kw;Wk; fpuhkg;Gw r%fj;jpy; cs;s cWg;gpdh;fspd; ,y;yj;jpw;F nghUl;fis nfhz;L Nrh;gg ; jw;F cjtpaJ. coth;fSk; jw;NghJ MNuhf;fpakhd cs;@h; tpisnghUl;fis jq;fspd; rikayiw Njhl;lq;fs;/ tPlL ; j; Njhl;lq;fspy; tpistpf;f $Ljy; Kaw; r p Nkw; n fhz; L mjd; %yk; cw; g j; j pia mjpfhpf; f Tk; kw; W k; cs; @ h; tpijfis r%fj; j py; cs; s Njitg; g Lk; cWg;gpdh;fsplk; gfph;eJ ; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. fNuh kiyg; gFjpfspy; > goq; F bapd coth; FOf;fs; jq;fspd; r%fq;fspy; cs;s cWg;gpdh;fs; kj;jpapy; gy;tifahd rikayiw Njhl;lq;fspd; Njit Fwpj;J typAWj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. Nfhtpl; 19 itu];fF ; vjpuhd ekJ Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ey;y cly; vjph;gG ; Mw;wiy ngwtjw;Fk;> FLk;gj;jpd; czT ghJfhg;igAk;> tho;thjhuj;ij ghJfhf;fTk;> Rj;jkhd> cs;@h; kw;Wk; Cl;l ; r;rj;J kpf;f czT Fwpj;J mth;fs; typAWj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. Nfhtpl;; 19> rpy topfspy; czT kw;Wk; tho;t ; hjhuj;jpw;F cs;@h; cztpd; rhh;Gj; jd;ikapd; mtrpaj;ij Nfhbl;Lfhl;b ; As;sJ. ,J cs;@h; coth;fis jd; d piwitAk; ; > jw; r hh; ; i gAk; miltij Nehf;fp Kaw;rp nra;tjw;F Nkk;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,g;gbahf goq;Fbapd coth;fs; ngUk;ghYk; vLf;Fk; Kaw;rpfs; ,d;iwf;F mjpfg;gbahd cw;gj;jpia ikag;gLj;Jk; njhopw;rhh; Ntshz; cw;gj;jpKiwapdhy; mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,oe;J tUfpwJ. 

Janak Preet Singh Senior Associate,Livelihoods NESFAS, Shillong. E-mail: janak.nesfas@gmail.com

%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2020> thy;A+k; 22> ,jo; 4