LEISA India - Tamil - December 2020 by LEISA India

,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

yP r h ,e; j pah jkpo; rpwg;gpjo; This issue in Tamil is a translated version of LEISA India magazine. This includes selected articles from LEISA India, originally published in English. Address : ame Foundation No. 204, 100 Feet Ring Road, 3rd Phase, Banashankari 2nd Block, 3rd Stage, Bangalore - 560 085, India Tel:

+91-080- 2669 9512, +91-080- 2669 9522

Fax:

+91-080- 2669 9410

E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in

Leisa India Chief Editor : K.V.S. Prasad Managing Editor : T.M. Radha

yPrh vd;gJ Fiwe;j ntspapL nghUs; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. Rw;Wr;RoYf;F cfe;j topfspy; cw;gj;jpiaAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; ngUf;f tpUk;Gk; coth;fSf;F njhopw;El;g kw;Wk; r%f hPjpapyhd tha;g;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;Ffis msTld; gad;gLj;jp Njitg;gLk; NghJ ghJfhg;ghd msT ntspaPL nghUl;fis jpwd;gl ifahs;tjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; coth;fis> me;j r%fj;ij Ragyk; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rf;jp kpf;fth;fshfTk; khw;wp mjd;%yk; mth;fspd; vjph;fhyj;ij jq;fs; nrhe;j mwpT> jpwik>kjpg;gL P > fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis mikf;f cjTtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ khwptUk; #oy;fs; kw;Wk; NjitfSf;F Vw;g coth;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju gq;Fjhuh;fspd; jpwikfs;> gq;Nfw;G mZFKiwfs; %yk; gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk;> mwptpay; g+h;tkhd mwpitAk; ,izj;J mjd;%yk; nfhs;if cUthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp vjph;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;FtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ xU fUj;J> xU mZFKiw kw;Wk; tpNtfkhd nra;jp.

Translated by Suresh Kanna. K Translation coordination Veena Markande Administration Rukmini G. G. Design and Layout M.S. Vasanth Christopher Printing Blustream Printing India (P) Ltd., Bangalore Cover photo Skill development programme for women entrepreneurs of Ziro valley. Photo Credit: Deepjyoti Barua (ICAR Nainital) Different editions

• Regional Editions Telugu, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi and Oriya • Farming Matters The Global edition in English • LEISA Revista de Agroecologia The Latin American edition in Spanish • LEISA India The Indian edition in English • AGRIDAPE The West African edition in French • Agriculturas, Experiencias em Agroecologia The Brazilian edition in Portuguese The editors have taken every care to ensure that the contents of this magazine are as accurate as possible. The authors have ultimate responsibility, however, for the content of individual articles. The editors encourage readers to photocopy and circulate magazine articles.

Supported by MISEREOR, Published by AME Foundation yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

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ney; - kPd; mLf;F epyj;jpy; mWtil kw;Wk; tpahghuk; epyj;jpy; ,Ue;J ney; mWtil nra;ag;gLk; Kd;Ng kPd;fs; mWtil nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. Kjypy; jz; z P H midj; J k; epyj; j pypUe; J ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ. ,jd; %ykhf epyj;jpy; kPd; midj;Jk; Njq;fpf; nfhs;Sk;. mjd;gpd; mitfs; iffshy; my;yJ %q; f py; kw; W k; fUk; g hy; nea; j fapHfshy; gpbf; f g; g LfpwJ. nghJthd nfz; i l 3 Kjy; 4 khjj; j pw; F s; 300 Kjy; 500 fpuhk; vilia miltjhf $wg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; tptrhapfs; kPd;fs; 65 Kjy; 80 fpuhk; vilia vl; b aTld; mtw; i w tpw; W tpLfpd; w d. mWtil nra;jkPd;fs; midj;Jk; Rj;jkhd eP h py; fOtg; g l; L gpd; G re; i jf; F %q; f py; $ilfspy; mDg; g g; g LfpwJ. Mf; ] p[d; epug;gg;gl;ligfNsh kw;Wk; jz;zPNuh VJk; ,y; y hky; mit mLf; f g; g Lfpd; w d. fP o ; Rgd; r phpapd; khtl; l jiyikafkhd `g;Nghypapy; cs;s cs;@H re;ijapy; kPd;fs; tpw;fg;gLfpwJ . midj;J kPd;fSk; ,q;F Neubahf tpw;gid nra;ag;gLk;. ,e;j kPd;fs; midj;Jk; capUld; ,Uf;f ePH epug;gg;gl;l %q; f py; njhl; ; b fspy; tplg; g LfpwJ. ,e; j kPdf ; s; gz;iz tpisnghUl;fshf ,Ug;gjhy; NtW ,ilg;gl;l kdpjH ahUk; tpw;gidapy; <LgLtjpy; i y. capH kP d ; f s; &.300/fp tpw; g id nra; a g; g LfpwJ. tptrhapfspy; ,yhgk; mhprp mWtilapypUe;J 100 rjtpfpjk; NkyhfNt ,yhgk; mspf;fpwJ. ney; elit mbg; g ilahf nfhz; L ney; fjph;fs; nrk;glk;gh; - mf;Nlhgh; khjj;jpy; mWtil nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ney; - kPd; epyj; j pypUe; J fpilf; F k; mWtilahdJ xU n`f;NlUf;;F 10 Kjy; 100 Ftpz;lhy; xU Nghfj; j pw; F epyj; j pd; jd; i kiag; nghUj;J ,Uf;Fk;. ,q;F fpilf;Fk; mhprp tiffs; midj;Jk; goq;Fbapdh; FLk;gq;fs; cgNahfj; j pw; f hf vLj; J f; n fhs; s g; g Lk; . $Ljyhf fiuapy; elT nra;ag;gl;l gaph;fshd fk;G> kf;fhNrhsk;> Nrhah gPd;]; Nghd;wit Mf];L - nrg;lk;gh; mWtil nra; a g; g l; L czTf; F Njitahd khthf vLf; f g; g LfpwJ. NkYk; kJ cw; g j; j pf; F k; ,it cgNahfpf; f g; g Lfpd; w d. mJNghy fha;fwpfs; [{iy-mf;NlhgH khjj;jpy; mWtil nra; a g; g LfpwJ. fha; f s; tP l ; L cgNahfj;jpw;fhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;L kPjk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;gl;rj;jpy; mit tpw;gid nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. 6

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

rpy Kaw;rpfs; epy Ma; t pypUe; J fpilf; F k; KbTfis itj;J jw;NghJ cs;s kPd; tsHg;G Kiwfis tYg;gLj;jTk; mtw;iw gw;wp tptrhapfSf;F N k Y k ; n j s p T n f h L f ; f T k ; ICAR-DCFR tpQ;Qhdpfspd; FO 2018 Kjy; 2019 tiu rpy Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sd. mtw;wpy; rpy ,e;jg; gs;sj;jhf;fpy; tpij kPd; cw;gj;jpf;F ,lk; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy; tptrhapfs; kPdf ; is thq;f gf;fj;J khepykhd m];]hk; nrd;W thq; F tjhy; mjpfkhd tpiyapy; ngWk; epiy cs; s J. mjdhy; > vspjpy; vLj; J r; nry;yf;$ba FRB-ahy; Md kPd; tsHg;G ,lk; `hp fpuhkj;jpy; 2018-y; epWtg;gl;lJ. ,J mq;Fs;s kPd; tsHg;Gj; Jiw> mUzhr;ry gpuNjrmuR kw; W k; mglhdp r%fj; j pd; xj; J iog; G ld; Nkw; n fhs; s g; g l; l J. ngz; njhopy; KidNthH jiyikapyhd $l;LwT rq;fj;jpd; fPo; ,e;jg; gphpT 2014-y; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. r%fk;> tptrhak;> kPd;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;eilfs; Mfpait tsUk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ,J Jtq;fg;gl;lJ. `hp fpuhkj; j py; 22 khHr; 2018 md; W xU fye;jhNyhrid $l;lk; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ. mjpy; kPd; tsHg;G kw;Wk; tpijkPd; cw;gj;jp> FspH gFjpfshd mUzhr;ry gpuNjrj;jpy; vt;thW cs;sJ vd;W MNyhrpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e; j fye; j ha; t py; 200 tptrhapfs; jq; f s; fUj; J f; f is muRg; g zpahsHfs; kw; W k; tpQ; Q hdpfs; Kd; d piyapy; vLj; J itf; f xUtha;g;ghf ,Ue;jJ. tptrhapfis Cf; F tpf; F k; tifahf Njitahd tpij kP d ; f s; ,ytrkhf mtHfspd; epyj; j pNyh my;yJ tsHg;G njhl;bapNyh Nrkpj;Jitf;f nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,j; J ld; njhlHe; J jpwd; Nkk; g hl; L j; jpl;lkhf njhlf;f kPd; tsHg;G>kPd; tpijfs; jahhpj;jy; kw;Wk; kPd; gz;iz Nkk;ghL Mfpa Nehf; f j; j pw; f hf mUzhr; r y gpuNjrj; j pd; kiytho; tptrhapfSf;fhf 20 Kjy; 24 Nk khjk; 2018 gNghap gp];tehj; khtl;lj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. r%fj;jpy; cs;s 5 cWg;gpdHfSf;F mil fhf; F k; Nkyhz; i k> N`l; r hp nray; g hl; L Kiwfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; tpw;gid kPJ jpwd; f is toq; f paJ. eh; r hp Nkyhz; i k eilKiwfs; kw; W k; tpij kP d ; tsh; g ; G Nghd;witfSk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;. mj;Jld;> ICAR – DCFR> gPk;lhy; ,e;j r%fj;jpw;F njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; epjp hPjpahf Mjhpj;J kPd; N`l;rhpapd;

vy;iyf;Fs; ehd;F kz; eh;rhpf;fs; kw;Wk; xU milfhf;Fk; Fsj;ij mikf;f cjtpaJ. ,e;j ,lk; ntt;NtW tifahd kw;Wk; msthd kPd;fis tptrhapfs; ,e;j ,lj;ij tpijkPd; NjitfSf;fhf tsh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e; j ney; epyj; j py; cs; s eP H tho; #oy; me; j tha; f ; f hy; top XLk; eP h pd; jd; i k Fwpj; N j fhzg; g Lk; . eP H jd; i k kw; W k; kP d ; czT jd;ikia gw;wpa GhpjYf;fhf ePH me;j tha;ff ; hypy; ,Ue;J mhprp-kPd; epyj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; vLj;J Ma;T nra;ag;gLk;. ,e;j Ma;tpy; jhtuf; Fw; W apHfs; mjpfkhf mhprp-kP d ; epyj; j py; ,Uf; f pd; w d. mhprp kw; W k; kP d ; nfhz; l epyj;jpy; ePh;tho; jhtuq;fs; epiwe;jpUf;fpwJ. mit> ];igNuhifuh> (12-47%)> Cirb]; (40%)> ehtpFyh (5-14%)> gpd;Dyhhpah (6-13%)> epl;\pah (13%)> ANyhj;jphpf;];(13%)> f;yh];Bhpak; (13%)> ];bfpNahf;Nyhdpak (; 11%) kw;Wk; mq;ifuh (7%). ePht ; ho; tpyq;Ffshd JLg;Gf;fhy; G+r;rpfs; (1190%) kw;Wk; jz;zPh; <f;fs; ney;-kPd; epyj;jpy; Mf;fpukpg;G nra;Js;sij ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. gz; i z MNyhrid kw; W k; njhopy; E l; g topfhl; L jYk; mt; t g; N ghJ tptrhapfspd; epyj;ij fz;L mwptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf> ney; - kPd; epyj;jpy; 90 nr.kP. Mog;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; ney; - kPd; epyj;jpd; Xuq;fspy; mjpf kPd; FQ;Rfs; tpl;L> mjid Rygkhf mWtil nra;tjw;Fk; fl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W gz;izf; Fwpj;j MNyhrid toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,k;khjphpahf Xuq;fspy; ed;F Mokhd Fopfs; cUthf; F tJ> mjpf kP d ; FQ;Rfs; tpLtjw;F 1-2 Kjy; 4-5 rJukPl;lh; gFjpapy;

gs;sj;jhf;fpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; jdpahH kPd; tpij ikaq;fs; ,e;j [PNuh gs;sj;jhf;fpy; ,Ug;gJ jukhd kPd; tpijfs; fpilf;f nghpJk; cjTfpwJ. NkYk; ngz;fSf;F mjpfhuk; mspj;jy; kw;Wk; jpwd; Nkk; g hL kP d ; tpij cw; g j; j p kw; W k; kPd; `l;rhp Nkyhz;ik kPd; tpij tHj;jfk; %yk; gz;iz cw;gj;jpj;jpwid mjpfhpf;f toptFj;jJ. MdhYk;> ,d;Dk; Rj;jkhd kPd; re;ijia FspH Nrkpg;G Nghf;Ftuj;J trjp Njitahf cs;sJ. References

Baruah D & Singh ND., Rice-fish cultivation of Apatanis: A high altitude farming system in Arunachal Pradesh, 2018, Journal of Krishi Vigyan, 7(1), pp. 187-191. Halwart M and Gupta MV., Culture of fish in rice fields, 2004, FAO and The World Fish Center, pp.1-77 IRRI, Rice research in a time of change, 1993, IRRI, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines Deepjyoti Baruah, Ravindra Posti, K Kunal, P A Ganie, D Sarma ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal-263136, Nainital, Uttarakhand E-mail: deep_baruah@rediffmail.com



Gyati Rinyo Gaumco Multipurpose Cooperative Society Lower Subansiri district, Hapoli-791120 Arunachal Pradesh

%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> khh;r; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 1

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

msTk; nghpjhf gytha;fSf;F cztspf;f mth;fspd; gz;izia ek;gpapUg;gJ kpfTk; fbdkhfpaJ. cs;@hpy; cs;s ,LnghUs; tpw;gid nra;gthpd; MNyhridg;gb> mth;fs; ,urhad cuq;fs; kw;Wk; g+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfis gad; g Lj; j j; njhlq; f pdh; . njhlf; ; f j; j py; mit mth;fSf;F mjpf cw;gj;jpNahL ey;y tpisTfis nfhLj;jd. gz;izapy; ,Ue;J mjpy; fpilf;fg; ngw;w yhgj;ij fhy;eilfspy; KjyP L nra; J ehd; ; F gRf; f s; kw; W k; xU vUikia thq;fpdh;. rpy tUlq;fspy;> ,e;jj; jk;gjpfs; ,urhad ,LnghUl;;fis gad;gLj;Jk; msT mjpfhpj; J tUtijAk; > cw; g j; j papy; nghpa yhgk; nfhz;Ltu Kbatpy;iy vd;gij czu Muk; g pj; j dh; . NkYk; > cs; @ hpy; tl; b f; F fld; nfhLg; g th; f splk; ,LnghUl; f s; thq;Ftjw;fhd fld; thq;f Muk;gpj;jdh;. 2012 Mk; Mz;by; jhWkhwhf nga;j kio kw;Wk; mjidj; njhlh;eJ ; xU ePzl ; twl;rpAk; xl;Lnkhj;jg; gapiu ghjpj;J epiyikia kpfTk; fbdkhdJ. fhy;eilapy; ,Ue;J fpilj;j tUkhdk; FLk; g j; j pw; F cztspg; g jw; N f NghJkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. mth;fSf;F KjyPL nra;tjw;F gzk; ,y;yhjjhy; fld; mjpfhpf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. ,J me;j tUlj;jpy; mth;fs; $ypNtiyf;F nry;Yk; mstpw;F nfhz;L nrd;wJ.

xU Jtf;;fk;; 2013 Mk; Mz;b ; y; hpiyad;]; gTz;Nl\d; ,e;j fpuhkj;jpy; cs;;s rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfs; re; j pf; F k; epr; r akw; w #oYf; F gq; N fw; G mZFKiwapd; %yk; jdJ nray;ghLfis Jtf; f paJ. Hpiyad; ] ; gTz; ; N l\d; me; j r%fq; f is jpul; b > $l; L chpikfs; > KbT vLj; j y; kw; W k; nghJ eyDf; f hf fpuhk mikg; ; G fis Vw; g Lj; j paJ. yl; R kp kw; W k; rq;fug;gh ,e;jf; fpuhk mikg;g ; py; Kjy; egh;fshf jq;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L nray;gl;ldh;. njhlh; r ; r pahd $l; ; l q; ; f s; kw; W k; gl; l wpT gazq; f s; Nghh; f p fpuhk mikg; i g NkYk; tYg;gLj;jpaJ. fpuhk mikg;;gpd; cWg;gpdh;fs; Nkw;nfhz;;l #o;epiy Ma;T> Nkhrkhd epy epiyikfs;; kw;Wk; jz;zhP ; gw;whf;F ; iwapdhy; eilKiwapy; cs; s Ntshz; ; rpf; f y; f is ntspg;gLj;jpaJ. Hpiyad; ] ; gTz; N l\d; nfhLj; j epjp cjtpNahL> fpuhk mikg;ghdJ nghpa mstpy; Mokhd coT> epyq; f is rkg; ; g Lj; J jy; kw;Wk; tug;G mikj;jy; Nghd;w Ntiyfis eilKiwg;gLj;jpaJ. yl;Rkpapd; epyKk; ,jpy;

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kpsfha;> G+z;L> ,Q;rp fiury; nfhz;L jahhpf;fg;gl;l G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfs;> ,iyr; RUl;Lg;;g+r;rp> jz;L Jisg;ghd; kw;Wk; kQ;;rs; euk;G Gs;sp Nghd;w Neha;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

NkYk;> yl;Rkp jdJ fhy;eilj; njhOtj;jpy; khl; L f; Nfhkpaj; i j Nrfhpg; g jw; f hf xU Fopia ntl; b dhh; . gRtpd; NfhkpakhdJ> njspg;ghdhfTk;> jputcukhfTk; gad;g Lj;jg;gl;lJ. fpuhk mikg;g pd; %yk; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;l gz;iz Rw;Wyhtpy; xU Kw;Nghf;F tptrhapapd; gz;izapy; ,aw;if ,LnghUl; f shd gQ; r fhtpah> [P t hkph; j k; > kpsfha; G+z;L fiury; Nghd;wtw;iw vg;gb jahhpg;gJ vd;gijAk;> mjid vg;gb gad;gLj;jp fhy;eilfspd; MNuhf;fpaj;ijAk;> jhtuq;fSf;F G+r;rptpul;bahfTk; gad;gLj;JtJ vd;gij fw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;. [P t hkph; j k; jahhpg; g jw; F mth; gRtpd; rhzk;> Nfhkpak;> nty;yk;> gaWtif khTfs; Nghd; w tw; i w gad; g Lj; j p mjDld; ; rpwpJ kz; kw;Wk; rhz vhpthAtpy; fpilf;Fk; Fok;G Nrh; j ; J ,uz; ; L ehl; f s; nehjpf; f r; nra; J jahhpj;jhh;. xt;nthU Kiw ePhg ; ha;rr ; pa gpd;Dk;> mij njspj;Jk;> kz;Zf;F cukhf mspj;Jk; kz;;zpd; MNuhf;fpaj;ij mjpfg;gLj;jpdhh;. kpsfha; > G+z; L > ,Q; r p fiury; nfhz; L jahhpf;fg;gl;l G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfs;> ,iyr;RUl;Lg;; G+r;rp> jz;L Jisg;ghd; kw;Wk; kQ;;rs; euk;G Gs;sp Nghd;w Neha;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mth; jdJ rikayiw kw;Wk; gz;izapypUe;J fpilf;F ; k; thiog;gok;> gRnea;> nty;yk;> ,sePh;> ghy;> gRQ;rhzk; kw;Wk; gRtpd; Nfhkpak; Nghd;w 9 gy; N tW tifahd nghUl; f is fye; J > mjid 30 ehl;fs; Fsph;r;rpahd epoy; cs;s gFjpapy; nehjpf;f itj;J gQ;rfhtpah jahhpf;fpwhh;. ,J fhy;eilfSf;F mjd; jPtdq;fNshL Nrh; j ; J itf; F k; N ghJ vjph; g ; G r; rf; j pia mjpfg; g Lj; J tNjhL> ghy; cw; g j; ; j piaAk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ> vd;fpwhh; yl;Rkp.

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KbTiu yl;;Rkpgha; kw;Wk; mtuJ fzth; rq;fug;gh `Dke;juht; Nghd;w rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfNs ekJ 70 tpOf; f hL czit mspf;fpwhh;fs;. jz;zhP ; gw;whf;Fiw> tskpoe;j epyk; > ,LnghUl; f s; fpilf; f hik> re; i j> epjp kw; W k; Mgj; J f; f is vjph; n fhs; S k; Mw;wy; ,y;yhik Nghd;w gy;NtW rthy;fis mth;fs; re;jpf;fpwhh;fs;. NkYk;> fle;j rpy jrhg;jq;fshf mjpfhpj;JtUk; fzpf;f Kbahj fhyepiy khdhthhp Ntshz;ikapy; czT cw;gj;jp Kiwia NkYk; ghjpg;Gf;Fk; epr;rakw;w jd;ikf;Fk; cs;shf;FfpwJ. tsMjhuq;fis kWRow;rp kw;Wk; kW gad;ghl;bd; %ykhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; epiyj;j Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; nray;ghLfs; yl;Rkp kw;Wk; rq;;fug;ghtpw;F jq;fshy; nrhe;jkhf epiyj;jpUg;gjw;F cjTfpwJ. ntspg;Gw Mjhuq;fis ek;;gpapUg;gij Fiwg;gNjhL> fopTfisAk; Fiwj;J ey;y tho;tpw;fhd jd;dhl;rp jd;ikiaAk; fl;;likf;;fpwJ. yl;Rkp kw;Wk;; rq;fug;ghtpd; fijahdJ ,jid ep&gpf;fpwJ. gz; i zf; F s; cs; s caphpdg; g d; k ak; ; > tUkhdj; i j mjpfhpg; g NjhL> mth; f spd; czTj; jl;by; Cl;lr;rj;ij mspj;J FLk;g MNuhf; f paj; i j Nkk; g Lj; J fpwJ. yl; R kp Ntshz; i k Fwpj; j MNyhridfSf; F jd;idj; Nehf;fp tUk; jdJ cwtpdh;fs; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpdh; kj;jpapy; ey;y khpahijNahLk;> mq;fPfhuj;ijAk; ngw;Wj; je;Js;sJ.

gutyhf;Fjy; fpuhk mikg;g ; hdJ> yl;R ; kpf;F xU jpwe;jntspf; fpzW fl; L tjw; F k; cjtpaJ. murpd; gy; N tWj; jpl; l q; ; f is ,izj; J > fpuhk mikg;ghdJ> yl;Rkp Ntshz; JiwapypUe;J mjpfgl; r khdpa cjtpfNshL> nrhl; ; L kw; W k; njspg; G eP h ; ghrdtrjp Vw; g Lj; j pf; nfhs;;tjw;F cjtpaJ. uhgpg; gUtj;jpy; Kjy; Kiwahf ,e;j FLk;gk; jf;;fhsp> gPh;f;fq;fha;> fj;jphpf;fha;> fPiufs; Nghd;wtw;;iw gaphpl;;lJ. mth;fs; ehty;> rg;Nghl;lh> khJis> nfha;ah kw;Wk; vYkpr;ir Nghd;w Njhl;lg;gaph;fis gaphpl;lNjhL> ,uz;L; gRf;fisAk; thq;fpdhh;. ,q;qdk;> ,e;j jk;gjpfs; ePz;l ehl;fshf 10

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

 Jasbir Sandhu Reliance Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: Jasbir.Sandhu@reliancefoundation.org %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 2

Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; fhyepiyia vjph;nfhs;Sk; czTKiwfis Nehf;fp uQ;rpjh Fkud; kw;wk; gh];fugl;lh N[h\p #oypay; kz;lyj;ij ghJfhg;gijj; jhz;b> Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; nray;ghLfis gpd;gw;WtJ tUkhdj;ijg; ngUf;Ftjw;fhd rpwe;j topKiwahFk;. xU fpuhkj;jpy;; 50 tpOf;fhL tptrhapfs; epiyj;j tptrhaj;ij gpd;gw;wpdhy; $l> mJ fpuhkg;Gw nghUshjhuj;jpy; nghpa khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;j KbAk;. Ntshz; caph;r# ; oy; Kiwfis ghJfhf;Fk; Ntisapy;> tsMjhuq;fs; kWRow;rp Nkk;gLj;jp fhyepiyia vjph;nfhs;Sk; Ntshz; caph;r# ; oy; czTKiwfspy; jPhf ; f ; khf <LgLk; NeukpJ. fh; e hlfhtpy; flf; khtl; l j; j pd; \Nfhl; b fpuhkj;jpw;F nrd;wpUe;Njd;. fpuhkj;jpw;Fs; EioAk;NghJ ehd; ftdpf;f Kbe;jnjy;yhk; KOikahd mikjp. me;j fpuhkj;jpy; ,Ue;j NrWgbe;jrhiy vd;id xU rpwpa fl;blj;jpd; Kd; ehd; fz;l xU nghpa $l;l ; j;ij Nehf;fp mioj;J nrd;wJ. fpuhkj;jpy; ,Ue;j Mz;fs; kw;Wk;; ngz;fs; mq;F $b kpfTk; Mokhd xU tpthjj; j py; <Lgl; b Ue; j dh; . tpthjk; Vyj;;jpw;F tUk; fjph; mbf;Fk; ,ae;jpuj;ij Fj;jiff;F vLg;g ; ij xl;b ,Ue;jJ. gUtkio jtwpajd;; fhuzkhf kf;f ; spilNa ,ae;jpuj;ij vLg;gjw;f ; hd ek;gpf;if Fiwthf fhzg;gl;lJ. fle;j 3 tUlq;f ; shf Vw;gl;l njhlh; twl;rpapdhy; FW tptrhapfspd; tho; T xU epr; r akw; w Nghf;fpw;F nry;tij kiojhd; jPhk ; hdpf;fpwJ vd;gJ fz;$lhf njhpe;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> kfhNjt;nfslh vd;Dk; tptrhap ,ae;jpuj;ij xU tUlfhyj;jpw;F ey;y tpiyf;F Vyj;jpy; vLf;f Kd;te;j ; hh;. kw;w cWg;gpdh;fs; ,ae;jpuj;ij vLg;gjw;F jaf;fk; fhl;b ; aNghJ> mth; vLf;f fhuzk; vd;dntd;why;> jdJ Ntshz; i kapd; jhufke; j pukhf Ntshz; caph; r ; # oiy mth; gpd; g w; w pajhy; > njhlh; twl;rpapYk; mthpd; Ntshz;ikia ghjpf;ftpy;iy. kfhNjt;nfslh ntspg;gLj;jpa ek;gpf;if mthplk; vd;id mZf itj;jJ. kw;w tptrhapfs; twl;rp vd;Dk; gpur;ridia jP h ; g ; g jw; F NghuhLk; N ghJ mjid vt; ; t hW ,th; mZf Nghfpd; ; w hh; vd; g ij mwpe; J nfhs;tjw;fhd Mh;tj;ij mZfj; J}z;baJ. me; j $l; l k; > hpiyad; ] ; gTz; N l\dhy; cUthf; f g; g l; l ‘\Nfhl; ; b fpuhk tptrha rq;f ; k;” vd;W miof;f ; g;gLk; fpuhk $l;likg;gpd; nghJf;FOtpd; $l;lk; vd;gij ehd; Ghpe; J nfhz; N ld; . kfhNjt; n fslhtplk; eilngw;w Kjy; fl;l ; tpthjq;fspypUe;J mth; 4 tUlfhyq;f ; spy; ,e;jf; fpuhk $l;likg;gpd; cjtpNahL jdJ gz;izia etPd Ntshz;ikapypUe;J epiyj;j Ntshz; Kiwf;F

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G+r;rpf;fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F kfhNjt;nfslh xl;;Lk; nghwpia gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;. yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

msT Fiwe;J> Kd;G vLj;j cw;gj;jp msit vl;;l mjpfsT ,LnghUl;;fs; Njitg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> mjpfsT cuq;fis gad;gLj;Jtjhy; tspkz;lyj;;jpy; fhh;gd; msit mjpfhpj;J Rw;Wr;#oy; ghjpf;fg;gLtij mth;; czh;ej ; hh;. iel; u [d; cuq; f s; kpfTk; rf; j ptha; e ; j gRikFby; thAthd iel; ; u ]; Mf; i ril ntspapLfpd;wd. mtuJ fpzw;wpy; cs;sePh; mtUila gz;izf;F ePhg ; hrdk; nra;tjw;F NghJkhdjhf ,y; y hjjhy; gaph; KOtJk; fUfptpl;lJ. mNjNeuj;jpy; nghJthf Ntshz; fopTfs; vd fUjp gz;iz cukhf Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gl;bUe;j ,lj;jpy; gz;izapy; xU %iyapy; rpynrbfs; MNuhf;fpakhf tsh;tij mth; ftdpj; j hh; . mq; F Kisj; J te; j tpijfs; ek;gpf;iff;F ; hpa mwpFwpahfg;gl;lJ. Ntshz; fopTfs; ,aw;ifahd %lhf;fhf Ntiy nra;J me;j ; tpijfs; fha;eJ ; tplhky; ghJfhj;J te;J ; s;sJ. 2013 Mk; Mz; L mtuJ tho; f ; i fapy; xU jpUg; G Kidahf mike; j J. rpy goj; Njhl;lq;;fis nrd; W ghh; j ; J k; > fpuhk mikg;gpdhy; elj;jg;gl;l ehw;wq;fhy; mikg;gJ Fwpj;j ; hd gapw;r ; pfspYk; fye;Jnfhz;L mjpy; kpfTk; Jbg; G kpf; f cWg; g pduhf ,Ue; j hh; . khdhthhp Ntshz; i kapy; ntw; w pfukhf nray; g Lk; ; tptrhapfspd; gz; i zfis nrd;W ghh;j;jjhy; epiyj;j Ntshz;ikia gpd; g w; W tjpy; mtuJ MH; t k; ; mjpfhpj; j J. mthpd; Mh; t j; i j Ghpe; J nfhz; l fpuhk mikg; G k; mtUf; F nghUshjhu kw; W k; njhopw;El;g hPjpahf cjtpaJ. mtUk; jdJ gz;izapy; Ntshz; Njhl;lfiyia Nkk;g ; Lj;j ehw;wq;fhiy cUthf;fpdhh;. jw;NghJ mth; 70 kh> 200 Njf;F fd;Wfs;; tug;gpYk;> 200 rg; N ghl; l h> 20 vYkpr; i r> 50 Ke; j php> 10 gg;ghsp> 600 thio> 2 nfha;ah> 2 mj;jp> 5 Nghpr;ir> 10 ghf;F> 25 njd;i ; d> 70 fpshprpbah kw; W k; 500f; F k; mjpfkhd fwpNtg; g piy fd;Wfis mthpd; 2 Vf;fh; ePhg ; hrd trjpAs;s epyj; j py; itj; J s; s hh; . ,tw; w pf; F k; Nky; > gz; i zapy; kP j k; cs; s ,lq; ; f spy; mth; fha;fwpfs; kw;Wk; jPtdg; Gw;fisAk; tsh;jJ ; tUfpwhh;. ’tUlj;jpd; ve;j Neuj;jpy; ahh; vdJ tPlb ; w;F te;jhYk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; mth;fSf;F ,uz;L tifahd goq;fis mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vdehd; vg;NghJk; vz;Z ; Ntd;. ,q;F ehq;fs; tpistpg;gJ vy;yhNk ,aw;iftopapy; ,J ehq;fs; MNuhf;fpakhf ,Ug;gjw;F cjTtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;> ekJ Rw;Wr;#oiyAk; ghJfhg;ghf itj; j pUg; g jw; F cjTfpwJ”. tptrhapapd; ,e;j ngUikahd thh;ji ; jfs; mth; jdf;F nrhe; j khd czit rhFgb nra; t jpy; kl; L ky; y hJ> Rw; W r; # oiy ghJfhg; g jpYk; fz;zhf ,Ug;gJ ntspg;gLfpwJ. 12

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

gz;izapy; gd;kak;; gy gad;fis jUfpwJ.

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ml;ltiz 1 : tuT nryT gFg;gha;T t. tptuk;; vz; 1.

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

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gug;G (Vf;fh;) kw;Wk; mWtil

tUkhdk; (&)

nryT (&)

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2014-15 0.5

2015-16 0.25

2014-15 10000

2015-16 15000

2014-15 3000

2015-16 3000

2014-15 7000

2015-16 12000

0.25

0.5

8000

15000

2500

5000

5500

10000

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20000 7000 25000 5000 6000 6000

60000 5000 20000 7000 90000 20000

5000 2500 5000 2000 18000

10000 2000 5000 2000 20000

15000 4500 20000 3000 42000 6000 2000 36500

32000

30000 nkhj;jk;

50000 3000 15000 5000 70000 20000 2000 36000 6000 88000 317000

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6000 150000

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Ranchitha Kumaran & Bhaskarabhatta Joshi Reliance Foundation, RCP, Project Office, 1st floor, Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai-400701 E-mail: ranchitha.kumaran@reliancefoundation.org Bhaskarabhatta.Joshi@reliancefoundation.org

%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 2 yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

kuq;fis mbg;gilahf nfhz;l Ntshz; Kiw - xU ghh;it

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

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fh;ehlfhtpd; ikyhd`s;sp fpuhkj;jpy; `rpU`g;gh Jtf;fp itf;;fg;gLfpwJ yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

Ntypfis fpNshprpbah> vh;j;hpdh> yhz; l dh Nghd; w Nghj; J fis kiof;fhyq;fspy; ntl;b eLtjd; %yk; cUthf;fyhk;. NkYk; tpiuthf tsuf;$ba nr];Ngdpah> #ghGy;> kw;Wk; fpishprpbah Nghd;wtw;wpd;; tpijfis tug;Gfspd; Xuq;fspy; tpijf;;fyhk;. ,itfs; tpiuthf tsh;e;JtpLk;. ,uz;lhk; Mz;;by; ,Ue;J> NtypapypUe;J nghpamstpy; fpilf;f Muk;gpf;Fk; ,iyjiofs; nfhz;L kl;;Fcuk; jahhpf;fyhk;. ehl; f s; nry; y r; nry; y > me; j ,lj; j pw; f hd jhtu tiffspy; Ntypapy; tsuMuk;gpf;Fk;. `rpU`g;ghtpd; NghJ kuq;;fis eLk; gzapy; r%fq;fs;; fpNshprpbah> #ghGy; > vh; j ; h pdh kw;Wk; nr];Ngdpah fpuhz;bGshuh Nghd;wit kpf tpiuthf tsuf;$ba Ntz; L k; . ,jw; F xU gykhd r%fj; i j tiffs; vd;gjhy;> mtw;iw kiof;fhyq;;fspy; jpul;LtJ Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,e;;j kutsh;g;G Neubahf tpijg;G nra;tjd; %yk; tsh;j;J nray; g hLfis epiyj; j jd; i kAilajhf cUthf;fyhk;. ,itfs; jPtd Njitfis nra; t jw; F fpuhkq; f s; cs; s Ra cjtpf; G+h;j;jp nra;tNjhL kw;Wk; mjd; ,iyjiofs; FOf;fs;> ,isQh; FOf;fs;> gs;spf; Foe;ijfs; kz;zpy; kPz;Lk;; gug;gp cOtjw;;F cjTfpwJ. Nghd;wtw;iw <LgLj;jp nra;tjw;F ePzl ; fhyk; coth; f Sf; F tpijfSk; > ,e; ; j Fiwe; j Njitg; g LfpwJ. khdhthhp tptrhapfs; nrytpyhd nray; K iwia gpd; g w; W tjw; F Ntshz; fhLfs; kw;Wk;; kuq;fis mbg;gilahf cw;rhfKk; mspf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. nfhz; l Ntshz; i kia Nkw; n fhs; t jpy; MjuT nfhLf; f g; g l Ntz; L k; . tP l ; b d; fh;e ; hlf murhdJ> mjd; khepy caph;vhpnghUs; nfhy;iyGwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F Vw;;wgb tsh;rr ; p thhpaj;j ; pd; topahf muR epyq;fspYk;> xhpU kuq; f is elyhk; . ve; j nthU muR jdpahh; epyq;fspYk; caph;vhpnghUs; jpl;lq;f ; spd; gyid ngWtjw;F ; > xU Vf;fUf;F kutiffis eLtij Cf;Ftpj;J tUfpwJ. 200 Kjy; 300 kuq;fis eLtij fl;lhakhf;f Gq;fhkpah> rpkUgh> [l;Nuhgh> kJfh Nghd;w Ntz;Lk;. ,Wjpahf> tspkz;lyj;jpypUe;J tiffs; tptrhapfSf;F `rpUN`hd;D kw;Wk; fhh; g id gphpj; j spj; J nfhLf; F k; gzpia ghuLgq;fhuh jpl;lj;jpd; topahf toq;fg;gl;l ; J. kuq; f s; jhd; nra; J fhyepiy khw; w j; j pd; ,e;;j tif jhtuq;fis epyj;jpd; tug;Gfspy; tpisTfis jzpf;f cjTfpd;wd. kw;Wk; rhFgb nra;ahj epyq;fspYk; tsh;gg ; jw;F  Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. tpij cw;gj;;jpf;F M N Kulkarni mg;ghy;> mjpfmstpy; ,iojiofs; kw;Wk; ,iyFg;igfs; fpilf;;Fk;. ,tw;iw Nrfhpj;J> Addl. Chief Programme Executive kl;Fcukhf khw;wp epyj;jpw;F gad;gLj;Jtjd;; BAIF, %yk;> fhyepiy khw;wq;fspd; gpd;dzpapy; KoneruLakshmaiah Street, Mogalarajpuram, ,urhadq;fisAk;> Ntjpapay; cuq;;fisAk; Vijayawada, Fiwf;f KbAk;. Andhra Pradesh.

gue;j mstpy; gutyhf;fk;; kuq; ; f s; tsh; g ; G vd; ; g J nghJepyq; f s; > gs; s p tshfq; f s; > Nfhapy; ; tshfq; f s; > jhpRepyq; f s; > rhiyNahuq; f s; Nghd; w ,lq;fspy; Cf;fg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. kuq;;fis el; L tsh; g ; g J fl; l hag; ; g Lj; j g; ; g lhky; > ekJ fyhr; ; r huj; ; N jhL Cwpa xd; ; w hf khw 16

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

E-mail: mnkulkarni65@gmail.com

%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 4

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2020

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