Hinidi - June 2018 by LEISA India

csgrj e`nk LokLF; ds fy, i'kq'kkyk izcU/ku lqtu vexbZ o lkfyd jke ikSMsy

çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v} 5 LFkkuh; vH;klksa ls i'kq/ku uLyksa dk laj{k.k ih- foosdkuUnu

9 csgrj e`nk LokLF; ds fy, i'kq'kkyk izcU/ku lqtu vexbZ o lkfyd jke ikSMsy

NksVs&NksVs dk;ksaZ dk Hkh cM+k izHkko iM+ ldrk gSA tkuojksa ds jgus ds LFkku dks mUur cukus ds fy, ljdkj dh rjQ ls nh x;h NksVh lh enn us usiky ds flU/kkSyh ftys esa fdlkuksa dh [ksrh djus dk rjhdk gh cny fn;kA

11 tk;n dh Qlyksa esa tSo moZjdksa ds mi;ksx ls ykHk Mk0 vrhd vgen] Mk0 vjfoUn dqekj xqIrk] Mk0 nso dqekj] va'kqeku JhokLro ,oa f'ko cgknqj

tk;n dh Qlyksa esa tSo moZjdksa ds mi;ksx ls ykHk Mk0 vrhd vgen] Mk0 vjfoUn dqekj xqIrk] Mk0 nso dqekj] va'kqeku JhokLro ,oa f'ko cgknqj [ksrh ,oa mlls tqM+h vkthfodk esa LFkkbZRo ykus ds fy, tSfod [ksrh ,d csgrj fodYi gSA vxj bls cM+s iSekus ij c<+kok fn;k tk;s vkSj tSfod mRiknksa ds fy, cktkj miyC/k djk;k tk;s rks fuf'pr rkjS ij NkVss o lhekUr fdlkukas dk [krsh ls iqu% tqM+ko LFkkfir gksxk vkSj mudh vkthfodk eas LFkkbRZo vk;x s kA bu fopkjkas dks /;ku eas j[krs g,q jkT; ,oa jk"Vªh; ljdkjkas }kjk Ñf"k foHkkx dh enn ls o"kZ 2001 ls fujUrj i;zkl fd;s tk jgs gAaS

14 dhpM+ esa dsdM+k dh [ksrh % ,d vuqdwyu j.kuhfr Ñ".k pUnz lkgw

16 LFkkuh; leqnk;] i'kq/ku vkSj vkthfodk veunhi flag ,oa iz.ko dqekj

18 Qly fu;kstu % tyok;q laosnh [kk| iz.kkyh gsrq--------vuqjk/kk Qnrkjs

dhpM+ esa dsdM+k dh [ksrh % ,d vuqdwyu j.kuhfr Ñ".k pUnz lkgw vksfM'kk ds rVh; xkao tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k gksus okyh izkÑfrd vkinkvksa ls vR;f/kd laosnu'khy gSaA fo'ks"kdj Ñf"k ,oa mlls tqM+s {ks=ksa esa dk;Z djus okys LFkkuh; yksxksa dh vkthfodk xEHkhj :i ls izHkkfor gks jgh gSA /kjk vkSj vkbZth,l,l,l ds funsZ'ku esa vksfM'kk ds dsUnzkink ftys ds jktuxj fodkl[k.M ds rVh; {ks=ksa esa jgus okys xzkeoklh tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj vkink tksf[keksa ds lUnHkZ esa vkthfodk ds fodYiksa ds rkSj ij dhpM+ esa dsdM+k dh [ksrh djus yxs gSaA

Qly fu;kstu % tyok;q laosnh [kk| iz.kkyh gsrq----vuqjk/kk Qnrkjs

LFkkuh; leqnk;] i'kq/ku vkSj vkthfodk veunhi flag ,oa iz.ko dqekj fgeky;h {ks= esa jgus okyh ikjEifjd cdjoky leqnk;ksa dh vkthfodk eq[; rkSj ij cdfj;ksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA muds }kjk fd;s x;s cdjh ikyu vH;kl u dosy mudh vkthfodk dks LFkkbZ cukrh gS] oju~ os vius vkl&ikl dh ikfjfLFkfrdh dks Hkh LFkkbZRo iznku dj jgs gSaA le; cnyus ds lkFk] ;s LFkkuh; leqnk; vius vki dks le; ds lkFk cny jgs gSa vkSj cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fglkc ls ;Fkksfpr rduhd dks viuk jgs gSaA

LFkku fo'ks"k ds mij Qlyksa dh mit dh vR;f/kd fuHkZjrk gksrh gSA blds lkFk gh vU; fofHkUu dkjd tSls tyok;q] izkÑfrd lalk/ku] fuos'kksa rd igqap] tkudkjh vkfn Hkh Qlyksa dh mit dks izeq[k :i ls izHkkfor djrs gSaA tyok;q laosnh [kk| iz.kkyh rS;kj djus gsrq iz{ks= Lrj ij Qly fu;kstu ,d nh?kZdkfyd rjhdk gSA viuh Qly mRiknuksa dk fu;kstu djrs gq, egkjk"Vª ds fdlku vPNh Qly ysus esa l{ke gks jgs gSa ftlls os viuh [kkk| ,oa iks"k.k vko';drkvksa dks iwjk dj ldsaA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙ w®v} 3

ØãU ¥¢·¤... lEikndh;] ekulwu ds vkxeu dh izrh{kk ds lkFk gh yht+k twu] 2018 vad ds fy, ikBdksa dh izrh{kk dk vUr djrs gq, if=dk vkids le{k izLrqr gsA xfeZ;ksa dh fpyfpykrh /kwi vkSj [ksrh] i'kq/ku ,oa vkthfodk dk izcU/ku fdlkukas ds le{k ,d cM+h pqukSrh gSA ebZ&twu dh iz[kj xehZ e`nk] i'kq o ekuo rhuksa ds LokLF; ds fy, ,d xEHkhj pqukSrh gSA ,sls esa i'kq'kkyk izcU/ku] e`nk esa ueh o iks"k.k cuk;s j[kus rFkk ekuo ds fy, iks"k.k;qDr vkgkj dh miyC/krk ls lEcfU/kr tkudkfj;ka o vuqHko fdlkuksa ds fy, dkQh egRoiw.kZ fl) gksaxsA mijksDr fopkjksa ds lkis{k if=dk dk igyk ys[k ih- foosdkuUnu }kjk fyf[kr ^^LFkkuh; vH;klksa ls i'kq/ku uLyksa dk laj{k.k** gSA ys[k ds ek/;e ls ys[kd us LFkkuh; tyok;q dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, i'kqvksa dh ijEijkxr uLyksa ds laj{k.k ds LFkkuh; vH;klksa dks lk>k fd;k gSA ys[k esa bl ckr ij Hkh cy fn;k x;k gS fd LFkkuh; Lrj ij uLy laj{k.k ds bu NksVs&NksVs mik;ksa@vH;klksa dks laKku esa ysrs gq, mls viuh ;kstukvksa o uhfr;ksa esa 'kkfey djus dh vko';drk gSA ^^csgrj e`nk LokLF; ds fy, i'kq'kkyk izcU/ku** uked nwljs ys[k esa ys[kd}; lqtu vexbZ rFkk lkfyd jke ikSMsy us Li"V fd;k gS fd usiky esa LFkkuh; iz'kklu ds NksVs&NksVs lg;ksx ls fdlku vius i'kqvksa ,oa muds jgus ds LFkku dks csgrj cuk jgs gSa vkSj i'kqikyu ds ek/;e ls viuh vkthfodk dks mUur dj jgs gSaA ys[k esa ;g Hkh crkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd ;fn ljdkjsa /;ku nsa rks NksVs vH;klkas ls Hkh cM+k izHkko fn[k ldrk gSA ^^tk;n dh Qlyksa eas tSo moZjdksa ds iz;ksx ls ykHk** ,d Kkuo/kZd ys[k gS] ftls Ñf"k oSKkfudksa ,oa 'kks/k Nk=ksa Øe'k% MkW0 vrhd vgen] MkW0 vjfoUn dqekj xqIrk] MkW0 nso dqekj] va'kqeku JhokLro ,oa f'ko cgknqj us fy[kk gSA bl ys[k ds ek/;e ls ys[kdx.k us tk;n Qlyksa dh oSKkfud [ksrh ds Åij fdlkuksa dks tkudkjh nsus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] tks NksVs&e>ksys o efgyk fdlkuksa dh vko';drk Hkh gS] D;ksafd de lalk/ku okys bu fdlkuksa dh igqap lwpuk ,oa tkudkfj;ksa rd vklkuh ls ugha gks ikrh gSA if=dk dk pkSFkk ys[k Øq'u pUnj lkgw }kjk fyf[kr ^^dhpM+ esa dsdM+k dh [ksrh % ,d vuqdwyu j.kuhfr** gSA ;g ys[k tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ls fuiVus gsrq mM+hlk ds rVh; {ks= ds fdlkuksa }kjk viuk;h tk jgh xfrfof/k ds Åij vk/kkfjr gS] ftlesa vkink tksf[keksa ds lUnHkZ esa muds }kjk dhpM+ esa dsdM+k ikyu dh xfrfof/k dks lfoLrkj le>k;k x;k gSA if=dk dk vfUre ys[k vuq:)k i/kk=s }kjk fyf[kr gSA ^^Qly fu;kstu % tyok;q laosnh [kk| iz.kkyh gsrq ,d midj.k** 'kh"kZd ls fyf[kr bl ys[k esa ys[kd us tyok;q ifjorZu ,oa vU; d`f"kxr pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus gsrq Qly fu;kstu ,oa rn~uq:i fØ;kUo;u dh egÙkk ,oa vko';drk ij tksj fn;k gSA vUr esa] ;g mfYyf[kr djuk vko';d gksxk fd if=dk esa fn;s x;s ys[k eq[; :i ls ns'k ,oa fons'k esa [ksrh ds lUnHkZ esa fd;s tk jgs iz;kl gSa] ftUgsa cM+s iSekus ij izlkfjr djus ds mn~ns'; ls izdkf'kr fd;k tk jgk gSA if=dk esa fn;s x;s ys[kksa ,oa mudh mi;ksfxrk ij vkids lq>koksa dh izrh{kk esa-------lEiknd e.My

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙ w®v}

SÍæÙèØ ¥ Øæâæð´ âð ÂàæéÏÙ ÙSÜæð´ ·¤æ â¢ÚUÿæ‡æ Âè. çßßð·¤æÙ‹ÎÙ Hkkjr cM+h la[;k esa LFkkuh; i'kq/ku uLyksa dk ?kj gS] ftls pjokgk leqnk;ksa us iksf"kr fd;k gSA d'ehj ds cdjoky] mÙkjk[k.M ds ou xqTtj] fgekpy izns'k dh xMh] jktLFkku ds jkbdk xqTtj] flU/kh eqfLye ,oa jktiwr] xqtjkr ds eky/kkjh] egkjk"Vª ,oa dukZVd dh xksokyh ,oa <kaxj] rfeyukMq dh VksMk] dq:Ecj] dksukj ,oa cjxqj vkfn bu pjokgk leqnk;ksa esa ls dqN gSaA gekjs ns'k esa 151 uLy iathÑr gSaA vHkh Hkh cgqr ls ,sls uLy gSa] ftudk o.kZu fd;s tkus dh vko';drk gSA jkekLokeh ifjokj fiNys 75 o"kksZa ls mEcykpsjh xk;ksa dh uLy dk laj{k.k dj jgs gSaA QksVks % ys[kd

fofHkUu dkj.kksa ls i'kq/ku dh LFkkuh; uLyksa dk xEHkhj uqdlku gks jgk gSA ysfdu vHkh Hkh i'kqikyu ij fuHkZj LFkkuh; leqnk; esa ,sls cgqr ls mRlkgh yksx gSa] tks LFkkuh; uLyksa dk laj{k.k dj jgs gSa vkSj bUgas fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr eas jgus grsq l{ke cuk jgs gSaA bl le; ljdkj ,oa uhfr fu;Urkvksa }kjk LFkkbZ i'kq/ku fodkl ds fy, laj{k.k vH;klksa dh igpku djus gsrq igy rFkk lg;ksx djus dh vko';drk gSA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙ w®v} 5

bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ckotwn dqN LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa vkSj Lo;alsoh laxBuksa }kjk LFkkbZ i'kq/ku fodkl ,oa LFkkuh; uLyksa ds laj{k.k gsrq dqN vPNs igys fd;s x;s gSaA **lsok** ,d ,slk gh LoSfPNd laxBu gS] tks i'kqvksa ds ijEijkxr uLyksa dks lajf{kr djus ds dk;Z esa lfØ;rk ls layXu gSA ;g laxBu uLy laj{k.k esa yxs O;fDr;ksa dh igpku djrk gS] muds iz;klksa dks nLrkosftr djrk gS vkSj mUgsa ^^uLy m)kjdrkZ iqjLdkj** ls lEekfur dj igpku fnykrk gSA igpku fnykus dh bl igy dk vkjEHk o"kZ 2009 esa jk"Vªh; tSo fofo/krk izkf/kdj.k vkSj jk"Vªh; i'kq uLy 'kks/k laLFkku o e/kqeD[kh ikyu usVodZ ds lg;ksx ls fd;k x;kA fiNys 7 o"kksZa esa 150 ls Hkh vf/kd dslst dks nLrkosftr fd;k tk pqdk gSA ,d LFkkuh; i'kq uLy mEcykpsjh dks lajf{kr djus ds fy, o"kZ 2017 esa ^^uLy m)kjdrkZ iqjLdkj** ls lEekfur Jh jkekLokeh dh dgkuh ;gka nh tk jgh gSA

LFkkuh; tkuojksa ds dbZ Qk;ns 74 o"khZ; Jh th- jkekLokeh ,d ijEijkxr i'kqikyd ifjokj ls rkYyqd j[krs gSaA mudk ifjokj i'kqikyu ij iw.kZr;k fuHkZj djrk gSA vius firk ds lkfuU/; esa i'kqikyu dk dke og cpiu ls gh djrs vk jgs gSaA jkekLokeh ,oa mudk ifjokj fiNys 75 o"kksZa ls mEcykpsjh uLy ds tkuoj dk laj{k.k dj jgk gSA muds nknk Jh lqHkkbZ fiYybZ us mEcykpsjh tkuoj dh mi uLy vV~Vkdqjheknw dks :0 80-00 esa ,d pjokgk efgyk ls [kjhnk FkkA mEcykpsjh uLy dh eq[; fo'ks"krk ;g gksrh gS fd bl uLy ds tkuojksa ds ekFks ij lQsn

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙ w®v}

uLy c<+us ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fd;s x;s dkjd % 

pqfuUnk iztuu ,oa izcU/ku ls mRikndrk esa o`f)A

 tkuojksa ls izkIr mRiknksa tSls& nw/k] [kkn] ekal ds

lkFk gh muds cPpksa dks cspus ls vk; vtZu dh laHkkoukA  de ykxr okys tkuojksa dks l?ku mRiknu iz.kkyh

ds rgr~ 'kwU; ykxr ij ikyukA  fefJr [ksrh ds lkFk i'kq/ku dks ,dhÑr djuk]

ftlls ,d rjQ ckgjh fuos'k ?kVsxk rks nwljh rjQ fdlkuksa dh vk; Hkh lqjf{kr gksxhA

jax dh iV~Vh gksrh gS tcfd iwjs 'kjhj dk jax xgjk Hkwjk gksrk gSA blds iSjksa vkSj iwaN ij lQsn fu'kku gksrs gaSA 'kkjhfjd cukoV ds vk/kkj ij bldh eq[; pkj iztkfr;ka& vV~Vkdqjh] lw;ZdqykFkw eknw] xuifFk;u eknw ,oa ohuk eknw gksrh gSaA cSyksa dh 'kq)rk cuk;s j[kdj bu mi uLyksa dh 'kq)rk dks cuk;s j[krs gSaA mEcykpsjh uLy dh xk; 9&12 Fkuksa dh gksrh gS vkSj ,d ckj C;kus ds pkj eghus ds ckn xk; lalxZ ds fy, rS;kj gksxhA nw/k dk jax ihyk gksus ij nw/k nwguk cUn dj fn;k tkrk gSA cNok&cfN;k dks vf/kdre nw/k pwlus fn;k tkrk gSA rhljs o"kZ esa pkj nkar vk tkus ds ckn cNok cSy cu tkrk gS vkSj rc mUgsa lalxZ ds fy, fgekpy izns'k ds mÙkjh fgeky;u {ks= esa vius 70 csykgh xk;ksa ds lkFk ekuflag QksVks % ys[kd

Hkkjr esa lkewfgd tehuksa] pkjkxkgksa] rkykcksa vkSj taxyksa ds foyqIr gksus ds lkFk gh LFkkuh; i'kq/ku iztkfr;ksa dh la[;k esa rsth ls fxjkoV vk;h gSA lkekU; rkSj ij i'kq/ku rFkk fo'ks"kdj LFkkuh; uLyksa dh deh ds ihNs cgqr ls dkj.kksa dk ;ksxnku gSA rduhdh ØkfUr dh [kkst ds lkFk gh [ksrh esa tkuojksa dk LFkku VªSDVjkas rFkk vU; ÅtkZpfyr midj.kksa us ys fy;k vkSj i'kq/ku vuko';d gksrs x;sA nwljh rjQ [ksrh esa ykHk de gksus ds dkj.k xkao ds ;qok [ksrh ,oa i'kqikyu NksM+dj vkthfodk ds vU; fodYiksa dh ryk'k esa ckgj tkus yxsA xzkeh.k ladV dks c<+kus esa ljdkj us Hkh viuk ;ksxnku fn;kA eujsxk bldk ,d csgrj mnkgj.k gks ldrk gSA bl dk;ZØe us igys ls gh xkao esa de feyus okys etnwjksa dh deh dks vkSj c<+k;k] ftlls NksVs fdlkuksa dh [ksrh ,oa i'kqikyu nksuksa ij xEHkhj izHkko iM+kA

orZeku esa ifjokj 34 xk;ksa] 14 cNok&cfN;k rFkk 3 cSyksa lfgr dqy 51 tkuojksa dh ns[k&Hkky djrk gSA i'kqikyu ls vFkok tkuojksa dh ns[k&Hkky ls ifjokj dh cgqr lh vko';drk iwjh gksrh gSA mnkgj.kLo:i yxHkx Ms<+ ls pkj yhVj nw/k ifjokj Lo;a miHkksx djrk gSA os cNok&cfN;k dks cspdj vkenuh izkIr djrs gSaA izfro"kZ os cNok&cfN;k ds 5&6 tksM+ksa dks csprs gSaA izR;sd dh dher :0 12000-00 & 15000-00 ds chp gksrh gSA tkuojksa ls izkIr vif'k"Vksa ls [kkn rS;kj dj vius [ksr esa mi;ksx djrs gSaA yxHkx 30 xkM+h izfr ,dM+ [kkn vius [ksrksa esa Mkyrs gSa tks lkekU; ls rhu xquk vf/kd gksrk gSA blds pyrs muds [ksrksa esa mi;ksx dh tkus okyh jlk;fud [kkn dh ek=k vk/kh gks x;h gSA tSfod [kkn dk mi;ksx djus ls muds Qlyksa dh mit Hkh c<+h gSA muds [ksrksa esa /kku dh vkSlr mit 45 cSx izfr ,dM+ gksrh gSA tcfd vU; nwljs [ksrksa esa 30 cSx izfr ,dM+ dh nj ls /kku dh mit gksrh gSA bu ykHkksa ds vfrfjDr] tkuoj lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd ykHk Hkh iznku djrs gSaA ifjokj esa viuh csVh dh 'kknh ds ckn csVh dh llqjky esa nw/k nsus okyh xk;ksa dks Hkstus dh izFkk gS rkfd ogka ds NksVs cPpksa dks nw/k fey ldsA

dqN vU; fotsrk 1- csykgh uLy dh xk; dks j[kus okys i'kqikyd ,d fof'k"V xqTtj leqnk; ls lEc) gksrs gSaA os Hkwfeghu gksrs gSa vkSj mudh fuHkZjrk dsoy i'kqikyu ij gh gksrh gSA csykgh] tkuojkas dh ,d izoklh uLy gS] tks 'kq) :i ls fgeky; dh mijh igkfM+;ksa esa pjkbZ ij izcfU/kr dh tkrh gSA ;g izcU/ku ds U;wure fuos'k vkSj vf/kdre izkfIr dh iz.kkyh ij izcfU/kr dh tkrh gSA lkekU;r% ,d ifjokj ,d >q.M esa 4&5 nq/kk: xk;ksa dks j[krs gSaA ,d O;fDr dk iwjk le; bu tkuojksa dh ns[k&js[k esa yxrk gSA vkSlru izfrfnu 4&5 yhVj nw/k feyrk gSA bl nw/k esa olk dk izfr'kr 5-5 ds yxHkx gksrk gS tks ladj iztkfr dh xk;kas ls izkIr nw/k (4 izfr'kr) dh vis{kk vf/kd mPp gksrk gSA :0 30-00 izfr yhVj dh nj ls nw/k fcdrk gSA igkM+h {ks=ksa esa tqrkbZ ,oa vU; Ñf"kxr dk;ksZa ds fy, csykgh uLy ds cSy dkQh dherh gSaA fgekpy izns'k esa

QksVks % ys[kd

rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA ,d cSy 10&12 o"kZ rd lalxZ dj ldrk gSA igys tc xhyh Hkwfe dh tqrkbZ gy ls dh tkrh Fkh] ml le; cSyksa dh dkQh ekax FkhA ijUrq vkt ,slk u gksus ds dkj.k flQZ uLy lq/kkj gsrq budh O;kid ns[k&js[k dh tkrh gSA

jkstk 50 ekykckjh cdfj;ksa dks ikydj thou ;kiu djrh gSaA

lqUnjuxj esa yxus okys i'kq esyk esa csykgh uLy ds ,d o"kZ okys nks cSy vklkuh ls :0 25000-00 ls 30000-00 ds chp fcd tkrs gSaA pwafd ;s yksx Hkwfeghu gksrs gSa] blfy, ;s tkuojksa dh [kkn dks cspdj :0 3000-00 ls 5000-00 ds chp vk; izkIr dj ysrs gSaA budh vkenuh ifjokj esa iys i'kqvksa dh la[;k ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA ;s vius i'kqvksa dks 2&3 ekg ds fy, [kqys eSnku esa NksM+ nsrs gSa] tgka i'kq LoNUn :i ls ?kkl pjrs gSaA bl dkj.k budk j[k&j[kko [kpZ Hkh dkQh de gksrk gSA ml le; u rks bUgsa dksbZ iwjd vkgkj fn;k tkrk gS vkSj u gh nokvksa ij dksbZ [kpZ gksrk gSA ,d o"kZ esa izfr tkuoj eqf'dy ls :0 10-00 dk [kpZ vkrk gSA ysfdu b/kj ls m/kj ys tkus esa xk;ksa ds xk;c gks tkus o vKkr dkj.kksa ls ej tkus ds dkj.k izfro"kZ 1&2 tkuojksa dk uqdlku Hkh gks tkrk gSA 2- dsjy ds Fkkysljh xkao dh jgus okyh ,d [ksfrgj etnwj Jherh jkst+k us 50 ekykckjh cdfj;ksa dk ikyu fd;k gSA bu cdfj;ksa dk nw/k] ysaM+h ls rS;kj [kkn ,oa cdfj;ksa ds cPpksa dks cspus ls mUgsa izfrekg :0 15000-00 dh vk; gksrh gSA 3- rfeyukMq ds fr:usYosyh ftys ds vyokUFkudqye xkao ds jgus okys Jh oh- tku ds ikl yky jax dh Nsoknw iztkfr dh 150 HksM+sa gSaA bl iztkfr ds jSe (Ram) dk mi;ksx /kkfeZd dk;ksZa ds fy, gksrk gS vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd os Nsoknw HksM+ksa dh jSe fdlkuksa dks cspdj vf/kd vkenuh izkIr djrs gSaA 4- Jh ikSyjkt ds ikl osEcqj iztkfr dh 60 HksM+sa gSa] tks rfeyukMq ds FkwFkqdqMh ftys ds v/kZ 'kq"d o dkyh feV~Vh okys {ks= esa rsth ls o`f) djrh gSaA os brus cM+s >q.M dk izcU/ku vklkuh ls djrs gSaA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙ w®v} 7

5- rfeyukMq dh uhyfxjh igkfM+;ksa esa jgus okys VksMk vkfnokfl;ksa dh eq[; vkthfodk VksMk HkSalksa ij gS] tks 1500 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij cls uhyfxjh ij Hkh thfor jg ldrh gSaA uhyfxjh ds xMheq.M ds vkfnoklh fdlku Jh jathr us bu HkSalksa dk ikyu fd;k gS vkSj mudk nw/k cspdj vk; izkIr djrs gSaA ;s dqN mu ^^ldkjkRed lksp** j[kus okys yksxksa dh dgkfu;ka gSa] tks ns'k ds vU; Hkkxksa esa cnyko dh fn'kk ns ldrs gAaS LFkkuh; uLykas dks ljaf{kr djus okys vU; ykx s kas ds lkFk bu vPNs vuHqkokas dks lk>k djus dh vko';drk gSA ;g okLro esa ,d 'kq:vkr gS vkSj ;g mEehn dh tkrh gS fd ljdkj] oSKkfud ,oa uhfr fu;Urk ;kstuk ,oa uhfr cukrs le; LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa@i'kqikydksa dks 'kkfey djsaxs vkSj ?kjsyw i'kq fofo/krk ds laj{kd ds :i esa mudh Hkwfedk rFkk muds }kjk fd;s x;s iz;klksa dks ekU;rk nsrs gq, mldk izlkj djsaxsA lUnHkZ % 1- MkW0 fodkl cksgjk] ofj"B oSKkfud (i'kq vkuqokaf'kd ,oa iztuu) vkbZlh,vkj& i'kq vkuqoaf'kd lalk/kuksa gsrq jk"Vªh; C;wjks] djuky 132001] gfj;k.kk] Hkkjr }kjk csykgh i'kqqikydksa ds fo"k; esa fyf[kr bZ&esyA 2- uLy m)kjdrkZ iqjLdkj (2009&2016) % i'kqikydksa dh izksQkby] rfeyukMq] ds enqjS esa fLFkr LoSfPNd laxBu *lsok* }kjk 7 iqLrdsa izdkf'krA (osclkbV www.sevango.in) ij Hkh ns[ksaA

Âè. çßßð·¤æÙ‹ÎÙU âðßæ yz, ÅUè.Âè.°×. Ù»ÚU, çßÚUæÅUèÂÍé, ×ÎéÚñU- {wz ®v® §ü-×ðÜ Ñ vivekseva@gmail.com Ecological Livestock LEISA INDIA, Vol. 19, No.3, Sept. 2017

Issues and Themes of LEISA INDIA Published in English 2001-2017 V.3, No. 1, 2001 - Coping with disaster V.3, No. 2, 2001 - Go global stay local V.3, No. 3, 2001 - Lessons in scaling up V.3, No. 4, 2001 - Biotechnology V.4, No. 1, 2002 Managing Livestock V.4, No. 2, 2002 - Rural Communication V.4, No. 3, 2002 - Recreating living soil V.4, No. 4, 2002 - Women in agriculture V.5, No. 1, 2003 - Farmers Field School V.5, No. 2, 2003 - Ways of water harvesting V.5, No. 3, 2003 - Access to resources V.5, No. 4, 2003 - Reversing Degradation V.6, No. 1, 2004 - Valuing crop diversity V.6, No. 2, 2004 - New generation of farmers V.6, No. 3, 2004 - Post harvest Management V.6, No. 4, 2004 - Farming with nature V.7, No. 1, 2005 - On Farm Energy V.7, No. 2, 2005 - More than Money V.7, No. 3, 2005 - Contribution of Small Animals V.7, No. 4, 2005 - Towards Policy Change V.8, No. 1, 2006 - Documentation for Change V.8, No. 2, 2006 - Changing Farming Practices V.8, No. 3, 2006 - Knowledge Building Processes V.8, No. 4, 2006 - Nurturing Ecological Processes V.9, No. 1, 2007 - Farmers Coming together V.9, No. 2, 2007 - Securing Seed Supply V.9, No. 3, 2007 - Healthy Produce, People and Environment V.9, No. 4, 2007 - Ecological Pest Management V.10, No. 1, 2008 -Towards Fairer Trade V.10. No. 2, 2008 - Living soils V.10, No. 3, 2008 - Farming and Social Inclusion V.10, No. 4, 2008 - Dealing with Climate Change V.11, No. 1, 2009 - Farming Diversity V.11, No. 2, 2009 - Farmers as Entrepreneurs V.11, No. 3, 2009 - Women and Food Sovereignty V.11, No. 4, 2009 - Scaling up and sustaining the gains V.12, No.1, 2010 - Livestock for sustainable livelihoods V.12, No.2, 2010 - Finance for farming V.12, No.3, 2010 - Managing water for sustainable farming V.13, No.1, 2011 - Youth in farming V.13, No.2, 2011 - Trees and farming V.13, No.3, 2011 - Regional Food System V.13, No.4, 2011 - Securing Land Rights V.14, No.1, 2012 - Insects as Allies V.14, No.2, 2012 - Greening the Economy V.14, No.3, 2012- Farmer Organisations V. 14, No.4, 2012- Combating Desertification V. 15, No.1, 2013- SRI: A scaling up success V. 15, No.2, 2013- Farmers and market V. 15, No.3, 2013- Education for change V. 15, No.4, 2013- Strengthening family farming V. 16, No. 1, 2014- Cultivating farm biodiversity V. 16, No. 2, 2014- Family farmers breaking out of poverty V. 16, No. 3, 2014- Family farmers and sustainable landscapes V. 16, No. 4, 2014- Family farming and nutrition V. 17, No. 1, 2015- Soils for life V. 17, No. 2, 2015- Rural-urban linkages V. 17, No. 3, 2015- Water-lifeline for livelihoods V. 17, No. 4, 2015- Women forging change V. 18, No. 1, 2016- Co-creation to knowledge V. 18, No. 2, 2016- Valuing underutilised crops V. 18, No. 3, 2016- Agroecology-Measurable and sustainable V. 18, No. 4, 2016- Stakeholders in agroecology V. 19, No. 1, 2017- Food Sovereignty V. 19, No. 2, 2017- Climate Change and Ecological appraches V. 19, No. 3, 2017- Ecological Livestock V. 19, No. 4, 2017- Millet Farming Systems

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙ w®v}

ÕðãUÌÚU ×ëÎæ SßæS‰Ø ·ð¤ çÜ° ÂàæéàææÜæ ÂýÕ‹ÏÙ âéÁÙ ¥×»§ü ß âæçÜ·¤ ÚUæ× ÂæñÇðUÜ NksVs&NksVs dk;ksZa dk Hkh cM+k izHkko iM+ ldrk gSA tkuojksa ds jgus ds LFkku dks mUur cukus ds fy, ljdkj dh rjQ ls nh x;h NksVh lh enn us usiky ds flU/kkSyh ftys esa fdlkuksa us [ksrh djus dh rjhdk gh cny fn;kA

usiky ds fo”ks"kdj igkM+h {ks=ksa esa tgka fdlku vius fc[kjs Hkw[k.Mksa ij cgqr eqf”dy ls [ksrh dj ikrs gSa] ogka ij yEcs le; ls yksxksa dh vkthfodk dk vk/kkj [ksrh gh gSA Ñf"kxr mRiknu dks c<+kus ds fy, flapkbZ esa o`f)] jlk;fud moZjdksa ,oa dhVuk”kdksa dk vR;f/kd mi;ksx] u;s&u;s vkStkjksa rFkk mPp mRiknd {kerk okys uohu chtksa dks lkeus ykuk ,oa _.k dk izko/kku djuk vkfn cgqr lh ljdkjh ;kstuk,a ykxw dh x;h gSaA rFkkfi] jlk;fud moZjdksa ds vU/kk/kqU/k iz;ksx] Qly pØhdj.k dks u viukus o tSfod [kkn dk U;wure mi;ksx djus ds dkj.k e`nk LokLF; esa rsth ls gzkl gqvk gS vkSj blls [kk| lqj{kk izHkkfor gks jgh gSA tSfod [kkn mRiknu dks c<+kok nsus rFkk egaxh jlk;fud moZjdksa ij fuHkZjrk de djrs gq, [kk| lqj{kk dks c<+kus ds y{; ds lkFk] e`nk izcU/ku funs”kky; us ftyk Ñf"k fodkl dk;kZy;ksa ds leUo;u esa cgqr ls dk;ZØeksa dks izkjEHk fd;kA buesa oehZ dEiksLV dk mRiknu] i”kq'kkyk izcU/ku] tSfod [kkn m|ksx dks LFkkfir djus vkSj Ñf"k foHkkx ds vUrxZr vuqnkfur ewY; ij fdlkuksa dks tSfod [kkn miyC/k djkuk vkfn dk;ZØe izeq[k gSaA

i'kq'kkyk mUur dk;ZØe ikjEifjd rkSj ij] fdlku i”kqvksa dks cgqr cM+s >q.M esa j[krs Fks vkSj pkjkxkgksa ij >q.M esa gh pjus ds fy, Hkstrs FksA jkstxkj ds fy, ;qokvksa }kjk iyk;u djus dh izo`fRr c<+us ds lkFk gh tkuojksa dk izcU/ku djus ds fy, yksxkssa dh deh gksus yxhA /khjs&/khjs] xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa esa cM+s lewgksa esa tkuojksa dh ns[k&Hkky djuk vkSj muds xkscj

ijEijkxr <ax ls izcfU/kr i'kq'kkyk

ifj;kstuk fØ;kUo;u ds ckn mUur i'kq'kkyk

o ew= dk izcU/ku djuk igys dh vis{kk vf/kd pqukSrh iw.kZ gks x;kA bl izdkj Øe”k% tkuoj >q.M ls i”kq”kkyk esa fleVus yxsA i”kq”kkyk dh [kjkc xq.koÙkk ds dkj.k u dsoy vLokLF;dj ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks c<+kok feyk] oju~ tkuojksa ds ew= vkSj xkscj tSls le`) lalk/ku Hkh u"V gksus yxsA i”kq”kkyk dh vuqfpr cukoV o fuekZ.k ds dkj.k ikuh vkSj i”kq ew= dk cgko tkuojksa dh rjQ gksus rFkk ,d gh LFkku ij nsj rd tes jgus ls ew= ,oa xkscj dh xq.koÙkk esa Hkh fxjkoV vk;h gSA vkxs pydj blls cuus okyh [kkn dh xq.koÙkk Hkh U;wu Lrj dh gksus yxhA lkFk gh bl rjhds ls [kkn mRikfnr djus ls cM+h ek=k esa iks"k.k rRoksa dk Hkh gzkl gksrk gSA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙ w®v} 9

bu rF;ksa dks le>rs gq, Ñf"k foHkkx us o"kZ 2013&14 esa ,d fe'ku dk;ZØe ds rgr~ i'kq'kkyk mUu;u gsrq igy djuk izkjEHk fd;kA bl dk;ZØe dk eq[; mn~ns'; i'kq'kkyk ds Q'kZ dks mUur cukrs gq, tkuojksa ds xkscj ,oa ew= dk izHkkoh izcU/ku FkkA rkfd ?kj ij cuh csgrj x.qkoÙkk okyh [kkn ,oa xkS e= w dk mi;kx s djrs g,q ik/Skkas dks lqjf{kr rFkk e`nk LokLF; dks mUur cuk;k tk ldsA ftyk Ñf"k foHkkx ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds leUo;u esa ftys ds fdlku lewgksa vFkok lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks i'kq'kkyk mUur djus ds lkFk gh i'kqvksa ds ew= dks ,df=r djus ds fy, VSad ,oa xkscj ds fy, Nk;knkj LFky fufeZr djus esa lg;ksx fd;k x;kA izfr ifjokj :0 5200@& dk vuqnku fn;k x;kA o"kZ 2015&16 esa yxHkx 33746 mUur i'kq'kkyk dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k] ftlds dkj.k blls tqM+s gq, 33746 ifjokj ykHkkfUor gq,A tkuojksa ls izkIr vif'k"Vksa ds leqfpr izcU/ku rFkk mlls rS;kj [kkn dks [ksr esa Mkyus ls ,d rjQ rks e`nk LokLF; cgsrj gv q k rks nl w jh rjQ Qly dh mRikndrk Hkh c<h+A

flU/kkSyh ftys dh dgkuh usiky ds 75 ftyksa esa ls ,d flU/kkSyh ftyk izkUr la0 3 dk ,d Hkkx gSA 2]491 oxZ fdeh0 esa foLrkfjr bl ftys dk ftyk eq[;ky; flU/kkSyh e/kh gSA o"kZ 2011 esa bl ftys dh tula[;k 296192 FkhA ;g usiky ds e/; igkM+h ftyksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj ;gka ij vkenuh dk eq[; lzksr [ksrh gSA ftyk Ñf"k foHkkx vf/kdkjh flU/kkSyh us o"kZ 2014&15 esa e`nk izcU/ku funs'kky; ds lg;ksx ls i'kq'kkyk mUu;u dk;ZØe dh 'kq:vkr dhA dk;ZØe ds igys] fdlku [kkn cukus dh ijEijkxr rduhd dk bLrseky djrs FksA blds vUrxZr os NksVs&NksVs <sjksa esa vO;ofLFkr rjhds ls xkscj dks ,df=r djrs Fks vkSj mls /kwi ,oa ckfj'k esa [kqyk gh NksM+ nsrs FksA tkuojksa ds ew= dks ,df=r ugha djrs Fks vkSj lkekU;r% ;g i'kq'kkyk dh Q'kZ ij QSyk jgrk FkkA fdlku mUur i'kq'kkyk izcU/ku ds ykHkksa ls ifjfpr ugha FksA loZizFke xkaoksa esas ,d lewg dk p;u fd;k x;k vkSj ?kj ij rS;kj [kkn ds mUur izcU/ku vH;klksa ij ogka ds fdlkuksa dk mUeq[khdj.k fd;k x;kA mUgsa ;g Hkh crk;k x;k fd i'kq'kkyk ls fudys vif'k"Vksa dk izcU/ku ;fn cM+h la[;k esa i'kqikyu vkSj muds vif'k"Vksa dk izcU/ku xzkeh.k leqnk;ksa ds lkeus ,d cM+h pqukSrh gSA 10

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙ w®v}

xyr rjhds ls fd;k tk;s rks mlds cgqr ls iks"k.k rRo u"V gks tkrs gAaS tkuojkas ds e= w lx a gz grsq ukyh lfgr Vd aS dk fuekZ.k] i'kq'kkyk ds Q'kZ dks iDdk djus rFkk xkscj ,d= djus gsrq i'kq'kkyk ds lkFk ,d LFkkbZ x<~<s dk fuekZ.k djus gsrq izR;sd p;fur fdlku dks lgk;rk iznku dh x;hA bl mUur vH;kl dks ns[kdj xkao ds vU; cgqr ls fdlkuksa us bls viuk;k vkSj ,d lk/kkj.k lh xfrfof/k ds dkj.k xkoa eas cgrq ls iHzkko n[skus dks feyAs flU/kkSyh ftys ds ohMhlh&5 jkuhpkSjh ds ,d fdlku Jh cqf/kjkt Js"B us viuh i'kq'kkyk dks mUur fd;k gSA mUur vH;klksa ij tkx:drk c<+kus ds lkFk&lkFk mUgksaus viuh Qlyksa esa ?kj ij rS;kj [kkn ,oa i'kq eww= dk mi;ksx djuk izkjEHk dj fn;kA mUgksaus ns[kk fd e`nk LokLF; mUur gks jgh gS vkSj Qly LoLFk fn[kus yxs gSaA lkFk gh mUgsa csgrj mit Hkh feyus yxh gSA lUnHkZ Mh,Mhvks] okf"kZd izxfr fjiksVZ & 2014&15 2014&15] ftyk Ñ Ñf"k fodkl dk;kZy;] flU/kkZyh] usiky tSlh] ,l-,u-] ,u- egrks] vkj- euu/kj ,oa ds-,peSLds] fdlkuksa ds Lrj ij [kkn ds mi;ksx ij v/;;u v/;;u] 1997] okf"kZd fjiksVZ 20-53154 esa izdkf'kr ,d fjiksVZ] e`nk ijh{k.k ,oa lsok iznkrk vuqHkkx] Ñ Ñf"k foHkkxA ,evks,Mh] okf"kZd izxfr fjiksVZ& 2015&16 2015&16] Ñ Ñf"kxr fodkl ea=ky;] flagk njckj] dkBek.Mw] usiky ,evks,Mh] usikyh d`f"k ij lkaf[;dh lwpuk,a] 2015&16 2015&16] d`f"kxr fodkl ea=ky;] d`f"k O;kikj izksRlkgu ,oa lkaf[;dh fMohtu] flagk njckj] dkBek.Mw] usiky 'ksjpu] Mh-ih- ,oa th-ch- xq:ax] igkM+h Ñf"kxr mRiknu iz.kkyh ds LFkkbZRo ds fy, dEiksLV ds mRiknu ,oa izcU/ku dh rduhd rduhd] 1996] ih,lh rduhdh isij ua0 171] ipjhcl Ñf"kxr dsUnz] usiky ,l,eMh] okf"kZd izxfr fjiksVZ& 2015&16 2015&16] e`nk izcU/ku funs'kky;] gfjgj Hkou] yfyriqj] usiky vkxsZfud QkfeZax % esU;kslZ] http://agritech.tnau.ac. in/org_farm/orgfarm_manure.html âéÁÙ ¥×»§ü ßçÚUDïU ÂæñÏ âéÚUÿææ ¥çÏ·¤æÚUè ·ë¤çcæ çßÖæ», ãUçÚUãUÚU ÖßÙ, ÜçÜÌÂéÚU, ÙðÂæÜ âæçÜ·¤ ÚUæ× ÂæñÇðUÜ ·ë¤çcæ ÂýâæÚU ¥çŠæ·¤æÚUè ·ë¤çcæ çßÖæ», ãUçÚUãUÚU ÖßÙ, ÜçÜÌÂéÚU, ÙðÂæÜ Ecological Livestock LEISA INDIA, Vol. 19, No.3, Sept. 2017

UÁæØÎ ·¤è È¤âÜæð´ ×ð´ Áñß ©UßüÚU·¤æð´ ·ð¤ ©UÂØæð» âð ÜæÖ ÇUæ0 ¥Ìè·¤ ¥ãU×Î, ÇUæ0 ¥ÚUçß‹Î ·é¤×æÚU »é#æ, ÇUæ0 Îðß ·é¤×æÚU, ¥¢àæé×æÙ ŸæèßæSÌß °ß¢ çàæß ÕãUæÎéÚU [ksrh ,oa mlls tqM+h vkthfodk esa LFkkbZRo ykus ds fy, tSfod [ksrh ,d csgrj fodYi gSA vxj bls cM+s iSekus ij c<+kok fn;k tk;s vkSj tSfod mRiknksa ds fy, cktkj miyC/k djk;k tk;s rks fuf'pr rkSj ij NksVs o lhekUr fdlkuksa dk [ksrh ls iqu% tqM+ko LFkkfir gksxk vkSj mudh vkthfodk esa LFkkbZRo vk;sxkA bu fopkjksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, jkT; ,oa jk"Vªh; ljdkjksa }kjk Ñf"k foHkkx dh enn ls o"kZ 2001 ls tkx:drk ds {ks= esa fujUrj iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSaA tk;n esa tSo fof/k ls lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh

Hkkjr o"kZ esa xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk dk eq[; vk/kkj Ñf"k gS vkSj Ñ"kdksa dh eq[; vk; dk lk/ku [ksrh gSA gfjr Økafr ds le; ls c<+rh gqbZ tula[;k dks ns[krs gq, ,oa mudh vk; dh n`f"V ls mRiknu c<+kuk vko';d gS] blfy, bl izdkj dh lHkh leL;kvksa ls fuiVus ds fy, xr o"kksZa ls fujUrj fVdkÅ [ksrh ds fl)kUr ij [ksrh djus dh flQkfj'ksa dh xbZA izns'k ds d`f"k foHkkx us bl fo'ks"k izdkj dh [ksrh dks viukus ds fy, c<+kok fn;k ftls ge tSfod [ksrh ds uke ls tkurs gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj Hkh bl [ksrh dks viukus ds fy, izpkj&izlkj dj jgh gSA

fdlkuksa dks izksRlkfgr djus ds mn~ns'; ls ebZ 2002 esa Ñf"k foHkkx ds rRok/kku esa Hkksiky esa tSfod [ksrh fo"k; ij lsehukj vk;ksftr fd;k x;k ftlesa jk"Vªh; fo'ks"kKksa ,oa tSfod [ksrh djus okys vuqHkoh Ñ"kdksa }kjk Hkkx fy;k x;kA izns'k ds izR;sd ftys esa tSfod [ksrh ds izpkj&izlkj gsrq pfyr >kadh] iksLVlZ] cSulZ] lkfgR;] ,dy ukVd] dBiqryh izn'kZu tSfod gkV ,oa fo'ks"kKksa }kjk tSfod [ksrh ij ppkZ vkfn ds ek/;e ls izlkj&izlkj djrs gq, Ñ"kdksa esa tu tkxzfr QSykbZ tk jgh gSA

e/; izns'k esa loZizFke 2001&02 esa tSfod [ksrh dk vkUnksyu pykdj izR;sd ftys ds izR;sd fodkl [k.M ds ,d xkao esa tSfod [ksrh izkjEHk dh xbZ vkSj bu xkaoksa dks tSfod xkao dk uke fn;k x;kA bl izdkj izFke o"kZ esa dqy 313 xzkeksa esa tSfod [ksrh dh 'kq:vkr gqbZA blds ckn 2002&03 esa f}rh; o"kZ esa izR;sd ftys ds izR;sd fodkl[k.M ds nks&nks xkao] o"kZ 2003&04 esa 2&2 xkao vFkkZr 1565 xzkeksa esa tSfod [ksrh dh xbZA o"kZ 2006&07 esa iqu% izR;sd fodkl[k.M esas 5&5 xkao p;u fd;s x;sA bl izdkj izns'k ds 3130 xzkeksa esa tSfod [ksrh dk dk;ZØe fd;k tk jgk gSA tSfod [ksrh dks viukus gsrq

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tSo moZjdksa ds iz;ksx esa lko/kkfu;ka 1- tSo moZjd iz;ksx djus ds ckn mipkfjr cht dks tehu esa cqokbZ ds mijkar feV~Vh ls <d nsuk pkfg,A 2- tSo moZjd ds iz;ksx ds mijkar e`nk esa i;kZIr ek=k esa ueh cuk;s j[kuk pkfg,A blds fy, efYpax mI;qDr fof/k gSA

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dsdM+ksa dks jksdus ds fy, U;wure fuos'k dj ckal ds <kapksa dks fy;k x;kA blds vykok LFkkuh; rkSj ij dkjhxj Hkh gksrs gSa tks ckal ds bu tkyhnkj <kapkas dks rS;kj dj ldrs gSaA flrEcj ds vUr ls ysdj ekpZ ds nkSjku 150&180 xzke ds dsapqvksa dks ykdj bl <kaps esa NksM+ nsrs gSaA nks lIrkg rd mUgsa eNfy;ksa }kjk NksM+s x;s dpjs dks f[kyk;k tkrk gSA bu nks lIrkg esa ;s dsdM+s vis{kkÑr dkQh eksVs o cM+s gks tkrs gSaA

eksVk yxM+k dsdM+k&cktkj ds fy, rS;kj

dhpM+;qDr NksVs ladjs {ks= dsdM+k ds tUeLFkku Hkh gksrs gSa] tgka os okLro esa iuirs gSaA [kqys tylzksr esa dsdM+k dk ikyu ,d yEcs fuos'k dk dke gksrk gSA bu rF;ksa ij fopkj djrs gq,] Vhe us leqnk; ds lkFk cSBd dj dsdM+k ikyu dh i)fr ,oa vuqekfur ykxr ij l?ku dke fd;kA ifjokjkas dh lkekftd&vkfFkd Z fLFkfr] i'skk ,oa :fp ds vk/kkj ij ikp a vfr t:jreUn ifjokjkas dk p;u fd;k x;kA p;u dk ;g dk;Z leqnk; us Lo;a fd;kA bu eNyh ikydkas dks l?ku ifz'k{k.k Hkh fn;k x;kA

pkj eghuksa dh vof/k esa dsdM+k ikyu ls izfr ifjokj dks vkSlru :0 3500 ls 4500-00 ds chp 'kq) vkenuh gksrh gSA ,d lhtu esa ;s eNyhikyd :0 12000-00 ls vf/kd dh vkenuh vftZr djrs gSa (n[skas rkfydk l0a 1)A fofHkUu tyok;qfod pje ?kVukvksa ds dkj.k vkenuh esa fujUrj fxjkoV dks >sy jgs lhekUr fdlkuksa ds fy, ;g ,d mYys[kuh; vfrfjDr vkenuh gSA ·ë¤c‡æ ¿‹¼ýU âæãêU ¥æÁèçß·¤æ Âý×é¹ ¥æ§ü0Áè0°â0°â0 vv}, »ÚUÈ¤æ ×é Ø ×æ»ü ·¤æðÜ·¤æÌæ- |®®®|z, Âçà¿× Õ¢»æÜ §ü-×ðÜ Ñsahu@igsss.net Climate Change and Ecological approaches LEISA INDIA, Vol. 19, No.2, June 2017

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SÍæÙèØ â×éÎæØ, ÂàæéÏÙ ¥æñÚU ¥æÁèçß·¤æ ¥×ÙÎèÂ çâ¢ãU °ß¢ Âý‡æß ·é¤×æÚU fgeky;h {ks= esa jgus okyh ikjEifjd cdjoky leqnk;ksa dh vkthfodk eq[; rkSj ij cdfj;ksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA muds }kjk fd;s x;s cdjh ikyu vH;kl u dsoy mudh vkthfodk dks LFkkbZ cukrh gS] oju~ os vius vkl&ikl dh ikfjfLFkfrdh dks Hkh LFkkbZRo iznku dj jgs gSaA le; cnyus ds lkFk] ;s LFkkuh; leqnk; vius vki dks le; ds lkFk cny jgs gSa vkSj cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fglkc ls ;Fkksfpr rduhd dks viuk jgs gSaA cdjoky eq[; :i ls [kkukcnks'k pjokgk leqnk; gS] tks xfeZ;ksa ds nkSjku xzsVj fgeky; dh Å¡ph igkfM+;ksa ij rFkk lfnZ;ksa eas eSnkuh bykdk o f'kokfyd dh ?kkfV;ksa esa HksM+&cdjh ikyu dk dk;Z djrs gSaA ;s fof'k"V [kkukcnks'k pjokgk leqnk; ls gSa] tks eq[; rkSj ij nks jkT;ksa& tEew ,oa d'ehj rFkk fgekpy izns'k dh igkfM+;ksa ds chp fijiaty jsat esa ik;s tkrs gSaA cdjoky leqnk; ds yksx cdjh ikyu ls gh viuk thou ;kiu djrs gSa vkSj ;g vH;kl mudh yksddFkkvksa ,oa laLÑfr esa xgjs rd jpk&clk gSA cdjoky leqnk; ds yksx NksVs tqxkyh djus okys tkuojksa ds ikyu dh bl dyk dks ,d ih<+h ls nwljh ih<+h rd gLrkUrfjr djrs gSa vkSj yksxksa dks bl fo/kk ls tqM+us ds fy, mRizsfjr djrs gSaA cdjoky uke ds ckjs esa Hkh ;g ,d izpfyr /kkj.kk gSA mudh vktfodk eq[; :i ls cdfj;ksa ds cPps dks cspus] f'kou~] Qkbcj] [kky] cdjh ds nw/k rFkk nw/k ls cus ,d fof'k"V mRikn ^^dykfnl** ij fuHkZj djrh gSA cdjoky leqnk; dk dksbZ LFkkbZ fBdkuk ugha gksrk gS vkSj os iwjs o"kZ Hkj ?kwers jgrs gSaA os Å¡ph igkfM+;ksa ij jgrs gaS vkjS bl {k= s eas ikzÑfrd rkjS ls mxs ?kklkas rFkk pkjkxkgksa dh izpqjrk ds dkj.k eq[; rkSj ij i'kq ikyu dk dke djrs gSaA cdjoky yksx viuh o"kZ Hkj dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks pkj izeq[k _rqvksa& tkM+k] clUr] xehZ ,oa 'kjn ds fglkc ls r; djrs gSaA os fnlEcj ls e/; vizSy rd ckgjh igkM+h {ks=ksa esa fuokl djrs gSaA vizSy ds vfUre lIrkg esa cdfj;ksa ,oa HksM+ksa ds >q.M ds lkFk xzsVj fgeky; dh vYikbu pkjkxkgksa dh rjQ iyk;u dj 16

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙ w®v}

cdjoky cdjh ikyu ls viuh vkthfodk pykrs gSaA

tkrs gSa vkSj ogka ij tqykbZ ds izFke lIrkg rd jgrs gAaS bl nkjSku os fofHkUu Hkkx S kfsyd {k= s kas ls xt q jrs gaS vkjS ogka dh fLFkfr ,oa i;kZoj.k ds fglkc ls viuh fnup;kZ dks fu;fU=r djrs gAaS os iuq% mUgha jkLrkas ls vDVcwj ekg esa okil ykSVuk izkjEHk dj nsrs gSa vkSj izR;sd o"kZ ds uoEcj ekg rd iqu% ckgjh igkM+h {ks=ksa ij igqap tkrs gSaA

cdfj;ka ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh ikfjfLFkfrdh larqyu dks cuk;s j[kus esa cdfj;ka lokZf/kd lgk;d gksrh gSaA cdfj;ka cgqr lh gkfudkjd ?kklksa dks [kkdj mUgsa c<+r dks jksdrh gSa vkSj bldk muds 'kjhj ij dksbZ nq"izHkko Hkh ugha iM+rk gSA ;s ouLifr;ksa dks pjrh gSa] pjkbZ ds nkSjku mUgsa vius iSjksa ls jkSanrh gSa] ftlls e`nk ds vUnj ty dk izos'k gksrk gS lkFk gh e`nk dk {kj.k Hkh :drk gSA cdfj;ksa dh [kkstiw.kZ vknrksa ds dkj.k oU; thoksa dk fodkl Hkh gksrk gSA vFkkZr~ os tehu ds Åijh lrg ij mxus okyh NksVh&NksVh ?kklkas ,oa >kfM+;ksa dks [kkrh gSa] ftlls oU; ck<+ ds dkj.k pkjkxkgksa dh deh rFkk [ksrh ;ksX; Hkwfe;ksa dk vkokl gsrq vR;f/kd mi;ksx djus ds dkj.k i'kqvksa ds fy, izHkkoh pjkbZ {ks= fnuksafnu ?kVrs tk jgs gSaA

{ks=ksa esa taxyh tM+h&cwwfV;ksa dk laj{k.k gksrk gSA blds vfrfjDr cdfj;ksa ds ,d >q.M ds fy, ,d {ks= fu/kkZfjr gksrk gS vkSj os mlh LFkku ij ?kwe&?kwedj ?kkl [kkrh o ey R;kx djrh jgrh gSa] ftlls og {ks= moZjrk dh n`f"V ls dkQh le`) gks tkrk gSA blh ds lkFk gh vkS"k/kh; tM+h&cwfV;ksa ds chtksa dk izlkj muds ey ds ek/;e ls ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd gksrk gS] ftlls ikzdf`rd pkjkxkgkas ds fodflr gkuss esa lgk;rk feyrh gAS

cnyrh fLFkfr;ksa esa cdjoky gkykafd vf/kdka'k leqnk; ekSleh iyk;u djrs gSa vkSj ?kweUrq tkfr ds :i esa izpfyr gSaA ysfdu vc cdjoky Hkh miuxjksa vkSj xkaoksa ds vkl&ikl LFkk;h fuokl cukdj jgus yxs gSaA os vc jkT; ds foHkkxksa ds lkFk lEidZ dj i'kqikyu dh vk/kqfud rduhdksa dks lh[k jgs gSaA tEew ,oa d'ehj nksuksa fMohtuksa ds HksM+ ikyu foHkkx us cdjokyksa ds ikl igys ls ekStwn HksM+ksa ds lkFk ladj it z uu djkus grsq _.k nusk ikzjEHk dj fn;k g]S ftlls budh mRiknu {kerk eas of`) gks jgh gAS os vc muds n/wk] js'kk ,oa peM+ksa dks cspdj vPNk nke izkIr dj jgs gSaA lk{kjrk c<+us ds lkFk] bl leqnk; ds ;qok cdjh ikyu djuk NkM s d + j ljdkjh ,oa futh {k= s kas eas ukd S fj;ka puq jgs gSaA blls ,d rjQ rks jkT; esa cdfj;ksa dh la[;k de gksrh tk jgh gS] rks nwljh rjQ cdjoky tutkfr dh lkaLÑfrd /kjksgj ,oa ewY; Hkh [kkrss tk jgs gSaA bUgas /;ku esa j[krs gq,] jkT; Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky; cdjoky leqnk; ds ;qok oxZ ds fy, vkS|ksfxd fodkl dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu dj jgh gS rkfd ;s cM+s iSekus ij cdjh ikyu djus gsrq mRlkfgr gks ldsaA ck<+ ds dkj.k pkjkxkgksa dh deh rFkk [ksrh ;ksX; Hkwfe;ksa dk vkokl gsrq vR;f/kd mi;ksx djus ds dkj.k i'kqvksa

ds fy, izHkkoh pjkbZ {ks= fnuksafnu ?kVrs tk jgs gSaA blls leqnk; ds yksx ck/; gksdj vius i'kqvksa dks ;k rks nqdku ij ys tkdj pkjk f[kykrs gSa vFkok Å¡pkbZ ij fLFkr pkjkxkgksa rd ys tkus ds fy, ck/; gksrs gSaA blds lkFk gh tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k buesa u;h&u;h chekfj;ka Hkh fodflr gks jgh gSaA fQj Hkh] HksM+ ikyu foHkkx ds lg;ksx ls cdfj;ksa dk Vhdkdj.k ,oa dhM+s ekjus dh nok fu;fer :i ls nh tk jgh gS] ftlls mUgsa cgqr lh chekfj;ksa ls cpk;k tk jgk gSA

fu"d"kZ cdfj;ka ,d rjQ rks izkÑfrd lalk/kuksa ds izcU/ku esa egRoi.wkZ Hkfwedk fuHkkrh gaS vkjS nl w jh rjQ fu;fer :i ls mPp xq.koÙkk okys [kk| ,oa Qkbcj dk mRiknu djrh gSaA mUgsa ;fn leqfpr rjhds ls izcfU/kr fd;k tk;s rks gkfudj ?kklksa dks fu;fU=r djus] pkjkxkg Hkwfe;ksa ,oa iquoZuhdj.k dk;Zdzeksa dks c<+kus] oU;thoksa dks fodflr djus okVj'kM s iczU/ku mnn~'s;ksa dks ijwk djus gsrq ;s NkVss tho izHkkoh midj.k ds rkSj ij fn[k ldrs gSaA blds vfrfjDr] os bu lcdks ,d O;ofLFkr rjhds ls djrs gq, u flQZ LFkkbZ oju~ ykHkizn Hkh cuk ldrh gSaA ¥×ÙÎèÂ çâ¢ãU ¥ç‹Ì× ßcæü ÀUæ˜æ, Õè0ßè0°ââè0 °ß¢ °0°¿0 §ü-×ðÜ Ñ amandeepsinghvet@gmail.com Âý‡æß ·é¤×æÚU âãUæØ·¤ ÂýæðÈð¤âÚU, Âàæé ç¿ç·¤ˆâæ °ß¢ ÂàæéÂæÜÙ ÂýâæÚU çàæÿææ §ü-×ðÜ Ñpranvahe@gmail.com Âàæé ç¿ç·¤ˆâæ çß™ææÙ °ß¢ ÂàæéÂæÜÙ â¢·¤æØ àæðÚU-°-·¤à×èÚU ·ë¤çcæ çß™ææÙ °ß¢ Ì·¤Ùè·¤ Á ×ê çßàßçßlæÜØ, ¥æÚU0°â0 ÂéÚUæ, Á ×ê Á ×ê °ß¢ ·¤à×èÚU, ÖæÚUÌ- v}vv®w Ecological Livestock LEISA INDIA, Vol 19, No.3, Sept 2017

vuqi;ksxh ?kklksa o >kfM+;ksa dks pjrh cdfj;ka

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QksVks % ys[kd de ikuh dk mi;ksx djrs gq, Jh i)fr ls /kku dh jksikbZ djrh fdlku

UÈ¤âÜ çÙØæðÁÙ ÁÜßæØé â¢ßðÎè ¹æl Âý‡ææÜè ãðUÌé °·¤ ©UÂ·¤ÚU‡æ ¥ÙéÚUæÏæ È¤ÎÌæÚðU LFkku fo'ks"k ds Åij Qlyksa dh mit dh vR;f/kd fuHkZjrk gksrh gSA blds lkFk gh vU; fofHkUu dkjd tSls tyok;q] izkÑfrd lalk/ku] fuos'kksa rd igqap] tkudkjh vkfn Hkh Qlyksa dh mit dks izeq[k :i ls izHkkfor djrs gSaA tyok;q laosnh [kk| iz.kkyh rS;kj djus gsrq iz{ks= Lrj ij Qly fu;kstu ,d nh?kZdkfyd rjhdk gSA viuh Qly mRiknuksa dk fu;kstu djrs gq, egkjk"Vª ds fdlku vPNh Qly ysus esa l{ke gks jgs gSa ftlls os viuh [kkk| ,oa iks"k.k vko';drkvksa dks iwjk dj ldsaA xus'kokMh egkjk"Vª ds vgenuxj ftys esa fLFkr xzke iapk;r ?kksVh dk ,d Vksyk gS] ftlesa dqy 15 ifjokj fuokl djrs gSaA ;gka ds fdlku cgqr gh xjhc gSa vkSj muds ikl cgqr FkksM+h ek=k esa tehusa gSaA unh ds ikuh rd budh igqap gksus ds dkj.k xus'kokMh ds fdlku [kjhQ _rq esa /kku vkSj jch _rq esa xsagwa dh [ksrh djrs 18

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gSaA dqN fdlku xfeZ;ksa esa ewaxQyh Hkh mxkrs gSaA fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa] fdlkuksa us ;g vuqHko fd;k gS fd nsj ls ekulwu vkus] clar _rq esa rkieku esa deh vkus rFkk vfu;fer ,oa csekSle cjlkr gksus ds dkj.k Qlyksa dk uqdlku gks jgk gSA ftlls [kk| miyC/krk izHkkfor gks jgh gSA lkFk gh flQZ 2&3 Qlykas ij gh fuHkZjrk c<+ tkus ds dkj.k Hkkstu dh fofo/krk Hkh ?kVh gS vkSj ifjokj dk iks"k.k Lrj Hkh izHkkfor gqvk gSA bl lUnHkZ esa okVj'ksM vkxsZukbts'ku VªLV (MCY;w vks Vh vkj) us cnyrh tyok;qfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa [kk| ,oa iks"k.k lqj{kk esa o`f) djus esa yksxksa dh lgk;rk djus gsrq bl xkao esa dke djuk izkjEHk fd;kA bldk eq[; mn~ns'; Qly fu;kstu esa fdlkuksa dh lgk;rk djus vUr%Qly dh rduhd dks viukdj fdlku ,d rjQ rks vPNh mit izkIr dj jgs gSa rks nwljh rjQ mUgsa vius mi;ksx gsrq fofHkUu izdkj ds Hkkstu dh miyC/krk Hkh gks jgh gSA