LEISA India - Tamil - June 2020 by LEISA India

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yP r h ,e; j pah jkpo; rpwg;gpjo; This issue in Tamil is a translated version of LEISA India magazine. This includes selected articles from LEISA India, originally published in English. Address : ame Foundation No. 204, 100 Feet Ring Road, 3rd Phase, Banashankari 2nd Block, 3rd Stage, Bangalore - 560 085, India Tel:

+91-080- 2669 9512, +91-080- 2669 9522

Fax:

+91-080- 2669 9410

E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in

Leisa India Chief Editor : K.V.S. Prasad Managing Editor : T.M. Radha

yPrh vd;gJ Fiwe;j ntspapL nghUs; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. Rw;Wr;RoYf;F cfe;j topfspy; cw;gj;jpiaAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; ngUf;f tpUk;Gk; coth;fSf;F njhopw;El;g kw;Wk; r%f hPjpapyhd tha;g;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;Ffis msTld; gad;gLj;jp Njitg;gLk; NghJ ghJfhg;ghd msT ntspaPL nghUl;fis jpwd;gl ifahs;tjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; coth;fis> me;j r%fj;ij Ragyk; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rf;jp kpf;fth;fshfTk; khw;wp mjd;%yk; mth;fspd; vjph;fhyj;ij jq;fs; nrhe;j mwpT> jpwik>kjpg;gL P > fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis mikf;f cjTtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ khwptUk; #oy;fs; kw;Wk; NjitfSf;F Vw;g coth;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju gq;Fjhuh;fspd; jpwikfs;> gq;Nfw;G mZFKiwfs; %yk; gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk;> mwptpay; g+h;tkhd mwpitAk; ,izj;J mjd;%yk; nfhs;if cUthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp vjph;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;FtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ xU fUj;J> xU mZFKiw kw;Wk; tpNtfkhd nra;jp.

Translated by Suresh Kanna. K Translation coordination Veena Markande Administration Rukmini G. G. Design and Layout M.S. Vasanth Christopher Printing Blustream Printing India (P) Ltd., Bangalore Cover photo Improving soil organic carbon forms the basis for the survival of the mocrobes Photo Credit: AME Foundation Different editions • Regional Editions Telugu, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi and Oriya • Farming Matters The Global edition in English • LEISA Revista de Agroecologia The Latin American edition in Spanish • LEISA India The Indian edition in English • AGRIDAPE The West African edition in French • Agriculturas, Experiencias em Agroecologia The Brazilian edition in Portuguese The editors have taken every care to ensure that the contents of this magazine are as accurate as possible. The authors have ultimate responsibility, however, for the content of individual articles. The editors encourage readers to photocopy and circulate magazine articles.

Supported by MISEREOR, Published by AME Foundation yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2020

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cuq;fs; kw;Wk; Nfhkpak; nfhz;L> Mz;Lf;F 5-6 ld; tiu cw;gj;jp nra;af;$ba ,uz;L kz;GOcuj; njhl;b kw;Wk; kPd; tsh;g;gjw;fhd xU kPd; Fl;ilAk;> rhz vhpthA gFjpAk;> i`l;NuhNghdpf;]; Kiwapy; jPtd tsh;g;Gg; gFjpAk;> njd;id kuq;fNshL CLgapuhf fpoq; F fs; kw; W k; eWkzg; nghUl; f s; tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. njd;idia mbg;gilahf nfhz;l Ntshz; KiwahdJ 80-100 fpNyhtpw;fhd ,aw;if fopTfis xU KOtJk; tsh;e;j njd;idapy; ,Ue;Jk;> mjd; CLgaph;fspypUe;Jk;> gz;izapy; cs;s cl;$Wfs; kw;Wk; tsh; f ; f g; g Lk; gy gaph; f spd; mbg; g ilapy; fpilf;fpwJ. I. rp. V. Mh; - rp. gp. rp. Mh;.I jpl;l ; j;jpd; %yk; njd; i dapy; ,Ue; J fpilf; F k; ,aw; i f fopTfis nfhz;L kz;GOcuk; jahhpf;Fk; Kiw eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. njd;idapypUe;J fpilf; F k; ,aw; i f fopTfshd njd; i d kl; i lfs; > kw; W k; ,ju njd; i d fopTfs; > CLgaph;fshd jPtdq;fs;> fpoq;Ffs;> eWkzg; nghUl;fs;> thio kw;Wk; fha;fwpfspy; ,Ue;J fpilj;j fopTfSk; ,jpy; Nrh;ff ; g;gl;ld. mtuJ kidtp jpUkjp. c\h kz;GO cuj; njhl;bfSf;F rhzf; fopTfis NghLtJk;> gz; i zapy; cs; s fopTfshd khl; L f; nfhl;ilfspy; rpjwpa jPtd fopTfs;> kh> gyh Nghd;w kuq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpOk; fha;e;j ,iyr; rUFfs; Nrfhpg; g Jk; > fha; f wp rhFgbf; F Njitahd gRQ;rhz kw;Wk; Nfhkpa fyitfis jahhpg;gjpy; cjTtJ Nghd;wtw;iw eph; t fpf; f pwhh; . kz; G Ocuj; njhl; b fspy; ,Ue;J 60-70 tpOf;fhL fpilg;gjhy;> ,aw;if cuj; Njit Fiwf;fg;gLtjw;F cjTtjhf mth; njhptpf;fpwhh;. tPl;Lg;gFjpia Rj;jkhf itj;Jf; nfhs;tNjhL> Ntshz; FLk;gk; kw;Wk; Ntshz;ikf;fhd cl;$Wfs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W xj;jpirNthL nry;tjw;F kWRow;rp vd;gJ kpfTk; mtrpakhfpwJ. rikayiwapy; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; rhk;gy; kw;Wk; kP d ; fopTfs; njd; i d kuq; f spd; mbapy; Neubahf cukhf Nghlg;gLfpwJ. ruhrhpahf thuj;jpw;F 10-12 fpNyh rhk;gy; fpilf;fpwJ. njd;dk;gps;isfSf;F mjd; Muk;g epiyfspy; jhf;Fk; Neha; kw;Wk; g+r;rpf;fl;Lg;ghl;bw;fhd Kd;ndr;rhpf;if eltbf;ifahf xt;nthU thuj;jpd; ,WjpapYk; rhk;gy; njspf;fg;gLfpwJ. 6

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2020

NkYk;> mhprp tb fQ;rpahdJ> thiof;F go tsh;r;rpf;Fk;> fha;fwpapy; g+r;rp Nkyhz;ikf;F kWgad;ghlhf njspf;fg;gLfpwJ. ngz; f s; fisfis kWRow; r p nra; t jpy; Kf;fpakhdth;fshf cs;sdh;. Gjpa my;yJ gOj;j thio ,iyfs; kw;Wk; gyh ,iyfs; MLfs;> gRf;fs; kw;Wk; NfhopfSf;F jpdrhp czthf mspf; f g; g LfpwJ. nfhy; i yg; G w Njhl;lkhdJ> czTf;fopTfs;> kPd; fopTfs; kw;Wk; new;gaph;fspd; fopTfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; kWRow;rp gFjpahf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,ijNahl;b> kWRow;rp nra;ag;gl;l gz;iz fopTfs; Gjpa fha;fwpfs; kw;Wk; Kl;ilfis gz;izapypUe;J ngWtjw;F cjTfpwJ. jpU. NfhghyfpU\;z gps;is kPz;Lk; typAWj; J tJ vd; d ntd; w hy; > nkhj; j khf Gjpa gRQ; r hdq; f is gad; g Lj; J tjw; F k; > mJ njhlh; g hf Nghf; F tuj; j pw; F k; Njit Fiwthf cs; s J> Mdhy; mJ mjpfkhf Nrfuk; MFk; NghJ> mjw;F mjpf Ntiyahs; $yp> Fwpg;ghf kiof;fhyq;fs; kw;Wk; gUtkio ehl;fspy; mtw;iw mfw;WtJ gpur;ridahf cs;sJ. kz;GO cuj;jahhpg;gpdhy;> rhzj;jpw;F mjd; kjpg; i g vd; d hy; $l; l KbfpwJ. kWRow;rpapd; %yk;> ehd; vdJ gz;izf;F Njitahd kz;GO cuj;ij cw;gj;jp nra;aTk;> mjpfg;gbahf cs;stw;iw tpw;gid nra;aTk; KbfpwJ. epoypy; fha itf;fg;gl;l rhzj;jpw;F> efh;Gw kw;Wk; khefh;Gw gFjp Neu tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; eLj;ju tptrhapfSf;F> mjpf Njit ,Ug;gjhy;> xU tptrhapf;F fpNyhtpw;F &. 12 tiu fpilf;fpwJ. jpU. NfhghyfpU\;z gps;is> xU tUlj;jpw;F 5-6 ld; kz;GOcuj;ij tpw;W tUkhdk; <l;Lfpwhh;. jdJ gz;izapy; ,Ue;J xt;nthU ehSk;> NfhghyfpU\;z gps;is 200-300 ypl;lh; ghiy Neubahf tpw;gid nra;fpwhh;. NkYk;> mtuJ FLk; g j; j pw; F Urpahd> Cl; l r; r j; J kpf; f > Gjpa fha; f wpfs; mtuJ gz; i zapypUe; J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; gRQ;rhzk;> Nfhkpak; kw;Wk; rhzvhpthA fopTfis kWRow;rp nra;tjhy; fpilf;fpwJ. tq;fp mjpfhhpahf ,Ue;J Kd;khjphp tptrhapahf khwpa = NfhghyfpU\;z gps;is xt;nthU ehSk; E}w;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;lth;fs; mtuJ gz; i zf; F tUif jUfpd; w dh; . xUq; f pize; j gz; i z Kiw khjphpfs; kw;Wk; gz;izf;fopTfis kjpg;G kpf;f kl;F cukhf> gRe; j P t dq; f shf> fha; f wpfshf>

goq;fshf kWRow;r p nra;a g;g l;L ,Ug; gJ> ,q;F tUgth;fSf;F cj;Ntfj;ij mspf;fpwJ. ,q;F Gjpjha; fpilf;Fk; fha;fwpfs; gwpg;gjpy; ngz;fs; kpFe;j kfpo;r;rpailtNjhL> ,e;j Kiw rhFgbapy; fpilf;Fk; nfhbf;fha;fspd; Nrfhpg; G fhyKk; Nkk; g LfpwJ. ve; j xU FLk; g Kk; jq; f spd; FLk; g j; j py; tP z hFk; ,aw;iff; fopTfis jq;fs; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s cWg;gpdh;fis nfhz;L Urpahd fha;fwpfs; my; y J fP i ufshf> jput cuq; f shf> jpl cuq;fshf kw;Wk; kz;GO cukhf khw;w KbAk;. ,aw;if Ntshz; Kiwfis rpwg;ghf nray;gLj;jpajw;fhf jpU. NfhghyfpU\;zh me;j gQ;rhaj;jpd; rpwe;j tptrhapahf Njh;T nra;ag;gl;L tpUJ ngw;whh;. tsMjhuq;fis jpwd; g l kWRow; r p nra; t jpYk; > jw; r hh; G gz; i zf; F k; mtuJ gz; i z xU rpwe; j cjhuzkhf jpfo;fpwJ.

r%f khjphpia gutyhf;Fjy; gQ;rhaj;jpy; 15 gz;izfs; tsMjhuq;fis kWRow;rp nra;Ak; khjphp gz;izahf jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. tptrhapfs; xUq;fpize;j Kiwia gpd;gw;Wk; tifapy; gz;izf;fopTfs; kWRow; r p kw; W k; kjpg; G f; $ l; L k; gFjpfs; cUthf;fp nfhLf;fg;gl cs;sJ. gjpa+h; fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J jiyth; jpU. tp. gpughfud; mth;fs;> VO ngz;fs; cs;gl 15 ,sk; tptrhapfis ,e;j tsMjhu kWRow;rp Kiwapy; <LgLj;jp ,e;j Kaw;rpapd; thapyhf xU tUkhdj;ij ngwitf; f KbAk; vd; w ek; g pf; i fNahL ,Uf;fpwhh;. nray;jpwd; kpf;f kw;Wk; mwptpay; g+h; t khd Kiwapy; gz; i zf; f opTfis gQ;rhaj;Jf;fspy; gutyhf;f Kiwapy; nra;tjd; %yk;> ghJfhg;ghd kw;Wk; Urpahd rj;Js;s czTfis fpuhkg; G w gFjpfspy; cw; g j; j p nra;tjw;fhd J}z;Ljiy Nkk;gLj;jKbAk; vd mth; $Wfpwhh;. cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fis kWRow; r p nra; t jpy; ngz; tptrhapfs; kpfg; nghpa gq;if mspf;f KbAk;. jw;NghJ ehq; f s; mth; f is kfhj; k h fhe; j p Njrpa Cuf Ntiy cj; j puthj jpl; l k; fpilf; F k; gz;izf; fopTfis kw;Wk; fisfis vhpj;J tPzhf;Ftjw;F gjpyhf kPz;Lk; kz;Zf;Nf Neubahf nfhLf; F k; tifapy; kWRow; r p nra;tjw;F mwpTWj;jp tUfpNwhk;.

kz;Zf;F Njitahd Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; mspj;J gz;izia jw;rhh;G cs;sjhfTk; cUthf;f KbAk; . kz; G Otsh; g ; g hdJ Ez; Z aph; Neha;fpUkpfis caphpay; Kiwapy; fl;Lf;Fs; itj;J> mNjhL gad;juf;$ba Ez;Zaph;fis ngUf; F k; kz; i z tsg; g Lj; J fpwJ. kl; F cuk; jahhpj;J gad;gLj;JtJk; gaph;fSf;F Cl; l r; r j; i j ,ytrkhf mspj; J > nfl; l thil ,y;yhj ,aw;if nghUsha; cUkhw;wp mspf; f pwJ. gpuhzthA ,y; y hj epiyapy; rhzvhpthA cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLtJ> gz; i zapypUe; J Neubahf gRik Fby; thAf; f is ntspNaw; W tij Fiwg; g jw; F cjTfpwJ. tsMjhuq;fis kWRow;rp nra;tJ gy topfspy; tptrhapfs; caph; r ; # oYf; F Nrit nra;J> gRik gzj;ij rk;ghjpg;gjpy; cjTfpwJ. xl;Lnkhj;jkhf> tsMjhuq;fs; kWRow;rpahdJ rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfSf;F gUtepiy khw;wq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; rthy;fis rkhspg;gjpy;> kpFe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ.  Anithakumari P Principal Scientist (Agrl. Extension*) E-mail: anithacpcri@gmail.com Induja S Scientist (Microbiology) ICAR Central Plantation Crops Research Institute Krishnapuram P.O., Kayamkulam, Kerala %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 2

Kiwahd kWRow;rp kw;Wk; ,aw;if Ntshz; fopTfis kjpg;Gf; $l;ly; nra;tJk;> gz; i zia cw; g j; j p jpwd; kpf; f jhfTk; > yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2020

Ntshz; caph;r;Roy; gz;iz nray;ghLfis epiyepWj;Jjy; MjuT Njit vk;. vd;. Fy;fh;dp epiyj;j cw;gj;jpia mspf;ff;$ba> caph;r# ; oYf;F cfe;j ghuk;ghpa nray;KiwfSf;F tptrhapfs; jpUk;gp tUk; xU ek;gpf;if mspf;ff;$ba Nghf;F eilngw;W tUfpwJ. tptrhapfs; nghpa mstpy; ,e;j Ntshz; caph;r# ; oy; KiwfSf;F khWtjw;F tpUk;gpdhy;> mth;fSf;F ,e;j mwpit gug;Gtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; Njitg;gLk; MjuitAk; mspg;gjw;F kpfg;nghpa NjitAk;> mtruKk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ghuk;ghpa nray;Kiwfs; ,d;iwf;Fk; nghUj; j khf ,Uf; f pwJ. rpW kw; W k; FW tptrhapfSf;F mitNa xU KJnfYk;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ. etPd nray;KiwfSf;F khwpajd; tpisthf> gy tptrhapfs; ghuk;ghpa nray;Kiwfis gpd;gw;Wtij epWj;jptpl;ldh;. ,Ue; j NghjpYk; > rpy tptrhapfs; ,d; D k; me; j nray; K iwfis njhlh; e ; J gpd; g w; w p tUfpd;wdh;. NkYk;> ,aw;if Ntshz;ikf;F mjpf ftdk; nrYj;Jk;NghJ> ,e;j ghuk;ghpa nray;Kiwfspdhy; tsMjhuq;fspd;

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Njq;fha; kl;ilfs; eWf;fg;gl;L goj;Njhl;lq;fSf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. 8

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2020

me; j cuk; Cl; l Nkw; w g; g Lk; . ,d; W me; j nray;Kiwfs; Ntfkhf kiwe;J tUfpwJ. ghuk;ghpa Ntshz; nray;Kiwfis kP z ; L k; GJg; g pf; f Tk; kw; W k; Nkk; g Lj; j Tk; Kd; d zp epWtdq; f s; rpy Kaw; r pfis vLj;J tUfpd;wd. cjhuzj;jpw;F> fh;ehlf murhq;fk; jdJ ,aw;if Ntshz; jpl;lj;jpd; thapyhf Cl;lNkw;wpa kl;F cuk; jahhpj;J me;j kl;Fcu fUnghUs; nfhLj;J tUfpwJ. tptrhapfs; ,aw;if a+hpahit fhy;eilfspd; Nfhkpaj;NjhL kziy fye;J jahhpg;gjw;F gapw;Wtpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. rpf;fehahfd`s;sp jhYf; f htpy; cs; s Nfhuf; N u fpuhkj; i j Nrh;e;j uh[Nrfiua;ah vd;gth; Gjpa fz; L gpbg; G fSf; F ngah; N ghd tptrhap fhy;eilfspd; Nfhkpaj;ij rhk;gYld; fye;J cukhf gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;. mjd; fhuzkhf mth; ey;y KbTfis fz;Ls;shh;. NkYk;> epiwa kw;w gad;juj;jf;f nray;Kiwfs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;glhky; cs;sJ. cjhuzj; j pw; F tz; l y; gad; g Lj; J tjhy; > kz;zpy; mjd; ePh;g;gpbg;Gj;jd;ikia mjpfhpf; f pwJ. Fsph; f ; f hyq; f spy; coT nra;Ak;NghJ mJ gaph;f;fopTfisAk;> fisr;nrbfisAk; kz;zpy; fye;J kl;Ftjw;F cjTfpwJ. kw; W k; ML gl; b ailj; J fpil NghLtJ vd gy nray; K iwfs; cs; s d. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> MLfis nfhz;L fpilNghLk; gof; f k; ghuk; g hpakhf ML tsh;fF ; k; gpuNjrq;fspy; ,d;Dk; eilKiwapy; cs; s J. kpfTk; Fwpg; g pl; l rpy gFjpfspy; kl; L k; fpilNghLtJ (nua; r ; # h; khtl; l k; ) kw; W k; fOijia nfhz; L fpilNghLtJ (Jk;$h; kw;Wk; murpfpNu) ehk; ghh;f;f KbfpwJ. epiwa mstpyhd rhzk; kw;Wk; Nfhkpaj;ij kWRow;rp nra;J kz;Zf;F jpUg;gp mspf;f KbAk;. ,y;yhtpl;lhy; mit tPzhf gadw;W Ngha;tpLk;.

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2020

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Kd;Ndhf;fp nry;Yk; top Ntshz; caph; r ; # oy; coTKiw ,d; D k; rpy gFjpfspy; kl; L Nk fhzg; g LfpwJ. jpwikahf kWRow; r p nra; t jw; F > Fiwe; j gl;rk; xU fwit khLk;> rpy rpwpa fhy;eilfs; (nts;shL nrk;kwpahL)> jPtd gaph;> tug;Gfspy; Nky; jPtd kuq;fs; kw;Wk; gaph;f;fopTfis kl; F cukhf khw; W tJ Nghd; w it Njit. epiwa ntsp epWtdq;fs; khw;W topKiwfis Nkk;gLj;JtjpYk;> Cf;Ftpg;gjpYk; <Lgl;L tUfpd; w d. Mdhy; mitfSf; ; f hd fhy msTfs; kw;Wk; jpl;l Njitfs; FiwthfNt cs;sd. cjhuzj;jpw;F> gUtepiy khw;wj;ij vjph;nfhs;tjw;fhd ePhg ; ;gphpKfLj;jpl;lq;fspy;> tsMjhuq; f is gRe; j hs; cug; g aph; f s; %yk; jpwd; g l kWRow; r p nra; t J> tz; l y; gad;gLj;JtJ> Mokhf cOtJ kw;Wk; kz;GO cuq;fis gad;gLj;JtJ Nghd;wtw;wpw;F mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. Ntshz;JiwAk;> Ntshz; mwptpay; ikaq;fSk;> njhOcuj;jpw;F kjpg;Gf;$l;Lk; tifapy;> kl;Fcu fy;r;riu mspj;J Cl;lNkw;wpa kl;Fcuj;ij jahhpf;f cjTfpwJ. vdNt> nghpa mstpy; ,e;j mwpit gutyhf; F tjw; f hd kpfg; n ghpa NjitAk; > mtruKk; cs;sJ. NkYk;> tptrhapfs; Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; Kiwf;F khWtjw;F tpUk;gpdhy;> Nghjpa msT MjuT Njitg;gLfpwJ.  M N Kulkarni Addl Chief Programme Executive BAIF Institute for Sustainable Livelihoods and Development C/O: TRICOR, Koneru Lakshmaiah Street Mogalarajpuram, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh E-mail: mnkulkarni65@gmail.com %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> nrg;lk;gh; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 3

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2020

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kw; W k; caph; N tjpapay; epiyia Neubahf khw;wpaikj;jy;> Cl;lr;rj;J mjpfhpg;G> nry; Rth; xOq;fikg;G kw;Wk; gytw;iw khw;wyhk;. fdpk Cl; l r; r j; J f; f s; > fhpk jpUj; j q; f s; > coT> tpijg;G Njjp> gaph; Row;rp> %lhf;F> fhu mkpyj;jd;ik rhp nra;jy; Nghd;w gy fhuzpfs; jhtu Neha; f spd; jP t puj; i j ghjpf; f pd; w d. ,e; j fhuzpfs; > jhtuq; f s; kw; W k; Neha; f ; f pUkpfSf; F Cl; l r; r j; J fpilg;gij jPh;khdpf;fpd;wd. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> iuNrhf;Nlhdpah tiffs;> kw;Wk; Grhhpak; tiffs; kw; W k; fpsg; &l; Neha; f shy; Vw;gLk; Nth; mOfy; Mfpait kz;zpd; fhu mkpyj;jd;ikia khw;Wtjd; %yk; vspjhf eph;tfpf;fyhk;. jhtu ghJfhg;G KiwahdJ> rhyrpypf; mkpyk; (v]; V)> [h];NkhNdl;]; (N[ Vf;fs;) kw;Wk; vj; j pypd; Nghd; w jhtu `hh; N khd; f shy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j `hh;Nkhd;fs; g+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; Neha;fSf;F vjpuhf jhtuq;fSf;F vjph;g;G rf;jpia mspf;fpd;wd. Neha;f;fpUkpfSf;F vjpuhd mikg;G hPjpahd vjph;gi ; g mjpfhpg;gjpy; rhyrpyf; mkpyk; xU gq; F tfpf; f pwJ. Fwpg; g hf> gNahl; N uhgpf; kw; W k; n`kpgNahl;Nuhgpf; Neha;ff ; pUkpfs;> thOk; jpRf;fis fhydpj;Jtg;gL;JfpwJ. [h];NkhNdl; kw;Wk; vj;jpyPd; nef;Nuhl;Nuhg;GSf;F vjpuhf xU gq;if tfpf;fpd;wd. NkYk;> Cl;l;rj;Jf;fisg; ngw ,g;g+r;rpfs; tpiuthf jhtu nry;fis nfhy;fpd;wd. cUisf;fpoq;fpd; Nyl; g;isl; Nehf;F vjph;gi ; g mjpfhpf;f nghl;lhrpak; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk;. ,J ,iyfspy; g+Q;Qhdf; fyitahd mh;[pidd; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2020

g+r;rpfSf;F vjpuhd jhtuq;fspd; vjph;g;ig Nkk; g Lj; J fpd; w d. mNj Neuj; j py; mjpf iel;u[d; cs;slf;fk; jPtukhd tsh;r;rpf;F toptFf; f pwJ. ,jd; tpisthf vjph; g ; G rf;jp FiwfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> mjpf iel;u[d; tpfpjk; xU ,iyf;F khT G+r;rp> nts;is <> kw;Wk; ,isg;Ngd; Mfpatw;wpy; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpf; f pwJ. mjpf iel; u [d; > gUj; j papy; mRtpdp ,dg; n gUf; f k; kw; W k; nts; i s <apd; tpfpjj;ij mjpfhpf;fpwJ. cjhuzkhf fLfpy; mRtpdp njhw;W> iel;u[dpd; msit mjpfhpf;fpwJ. cah; gh];gu]; epiy Kjph;r;rpaile;j ; p mRtpdpfspd; (Nkf;Nuhrpgk; a+Nghh;gpah) tsh;rr Neuj; i j Fiwj; j J. gh]; g u]pd; gad; g hL mtw;wpd; njhif mlh;jj ; p kw;Wk; fha;apYs;s rhw;iw cwpQ;Rk; g+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; vk;Nghth]fh Nlhyr;rp Mfpatw;wpd; Nrjj;ij Fiwj;jjhf rkPgj;jpa jfty;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. nghl;lhrpak; cuk; mRtpdp (mgp]; fpisrpd; f s; ) > ,iyj; j j; J g+r; r p kw; W k; fiuahd;fs; Nghd;wtw;Wld; vjph;kiwahf njhlh; G ilaJ. nghl; l hrpak; Cl; l r; r j; J > g+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; Neha;ff ; pUkpfSf;F jhtuj;jpd; fth; r ; r pia Nkk; g Lj; J tNjhL mtw; w pd; mLj;jLj;j tsh;rr ; p jpwd; kw;Wk; tsh;rr ; papYk; Mokhd tpisitf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. nghl;lhrpak; FiwghL mjpf g+r;rp jhf;FjYld; njhlh; G gLj; j hky; ,Uf; f yhk; . Mdhy; > jhtuq;fspd; kPJ nghl;lhrpak; Fiwghl;bd; mLj;jLj;j jhf;fk;> g+r;rpfis cwpQ;Rtjd; %yk; jhtuq;fis vspjpy; jhf;f itf;fpwJ. cjhuzkhf> nghl;lhrpak; mstpd; mjpfhpg;G mjpf gpNdhy;fisf; Ftpg;gjw;F toptFj;jJ. ,J rpy ney; rhFgbfspy; g+r; r p vjph; g ; i g mjpfhpf;f fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. NkYk;> ney; jhtuj;jpy; nghl;lhrpak; J}z;lg;gl;l khw;wq;fs; g+r; r p trpj; j pl jhtuj; j pd; njhlh; G fspy; Mokhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpd.

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kP J capuw; w #oy; mOj; j q; f spd; tpisT Nkyhz;ik ed;F Ma;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

KbTiu gaph; MNuhf;fpaj;ij ghjpf;Fk; fhuzpfisg; Ghpe; J nfhs; t J KOikahd Kiwapy; ftdpf;fg;gltpy;iy. Cl;lr;rj;J> jhtu kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oiy rhpahd Kiwapy; ifahStJ> g+r;rp kw;Wk; Neha;fisf; Fiwf;Fk;. jhtuj;jpd; kugZ vjph; g ; i g tpl> rhpahd Neuj; j py; rhpahd Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fis gad;gLj;JtJ> fpilf; f f; $ ba tbtj; j p; d ; mbg; g ilapy; rhpahd Nlh]py;> jhtu MNuhf;fpaj;jpy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpwJ. rpy Neuq;fspy; iuNrh];gpah; vjph; t pid vjph; k iwahfTk; ,Uf; f yhk; . rpy Ntjpapay; Nrh;kq;fs; Neha;f;fpUkpfis <h;ff ; pd;wd. vdNt> Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fspd; rhpahd msitg; gad;gLj;JtJ kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ. Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fSld;> gaph; jpUj;jq;fSk; Ez; rpNjhrdepiy Nkk;gLj;j cjTtNjhL> ed;ik gaf;Fk; Ez;ZaphpfSf;F czT %ykhfTk; nray;gLfpd;wd. NkYk;> jhtuq;fs; mtw;wpd; kugZ tiff;F Vw;g iuNrh];gpahpy; cs;s Ez;zpa caphpdq;fis Ml;Nrh;g;G nra;Ak; jpwd; nfhz; l it. iuNrh]; g pahpy; mjpf Ez;Zaph;fs; mlh;j;jpia guhkhpg;gjpy;jhd; rthy; cs;sJ.  T M Thiyagarajan, S Rageshwari, L Ramazeame and C Partheeban Faculty of Agricultural Sciences SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603 203 Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu. E-mail: dean.agri@srmist.edu.in %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 4

fopTfis kjpg;Gkpf;f tsMjhuq;fshf khw;WtJ ,aw;if tPl;Lj; Njhl;l mDgtq;fspypUe;J Nf. RNu\; fz;zh fopTfs; vd;W vJTNk ,y;iy. fopTfs; vd;gJ ,lk;khwp cs;s xU tsMjhuk;. mit kw;nwhU jahhpg;Gf;fhf cs;s kjpg;Gkpf;f nghUs;. ve;jnthU fopT Nkyhz;ik Kiwapd; Kjy; Fwpf;Nfhs; fopT tsj;jpypUe;J nghUshjhu ed;ikia mjpfhpg;gJ kw;Wk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba Rw;Wr;#oy; juq;fis guhkhpg;gjhFk;. eilKiwapy; mjw;fhd Kiwfs; nray;ghl;bw;F Vw;wjhfTk;> kypthfTk;; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. fopTfis Kiwahff; ifahshtpl;lhy; mit Nkw;gug;G ePh;> epyj;jb ePiu khRgLj;jp fhw;W khRghl;bw;F top tFf;Fk;. fopTfis xU tskhfg; ghh;g;gJ caph;r;#oy; Ntshz;ikapd; topfhl;Lk; nfhs;iffspy; xd;whFk;. cyfstpy; > Ntshz; ; Jiwapy; cw; g j; j p nra;;ag;gLk; ,aw;iff; fopTfspd; epiyahd gad; g hl; i lf; fz; l wpa Ntz; b a Njit cs;sJ. Ntshz;ikf;Fs; ,aw;if fopTfis kWRow;rp nra;tjw;fhd gaDs;s mZFKiwfs; fdpk cuj; j pd; Njitia Fiwj;J kz;zpy; fdpk fhh;gd; Fiwghl;il kPln ; lLf;fyhk;. gaph;; kw;Wk;; tpyq;FfsplkpUe;J tU k ; xt ; n t hU fop T g ;ng h Ul;;f isAk; ftdkhf Nrfhpj; J > ghJfhf; f yhk; kw; W k; epyj;jpy; kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,J jPtpu rhFgb Kiwapy; kz;zpd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid guhkhpf;f cjTfpwJ. NkYk;> fdpk cuq;fspd; gw; w hf; F iwf; F vjpuhf xU “,ilafkhf” nray;gLfpwJ. tsq;fis kWRow;rp nra;tJ Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; tsh;r;rpapYk;> Ntshz; gy;Yaph; ngUf;;fj;ijAk; Nkk;gLj;JfpwJ. ,e;;j fUj;;Jf;;fisAk;;> mZFKiwfisAk;; Ghpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf njw;fhrpahtpy; cs;s kNyrpah ehl;by; mike;J ; s;s ghd; Mrpah grpgpf; (g+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfSf;F vjpuhd $l;likg;G) $l; l ikg; ; G mjd; cWg; G epWtdq; f Sf; F Ntshz; caph; r ; # oypy; ,isNahh; vd; w jiyg;gpy; xU fy;tp Rw;Wyhtpw;F =yq;fhtpy; Vw; g hL nra; j pUe; j J. ghd; Mrpah grpgpf; $l; l ikg; G nray; g hLfs; mjd; cWg; G epWtdq; f Sf; F s; caphpdg; gd; k aj; i j mbg;gilahf nfhz;l caph;r;#oy; Ntshz; i k> czT ,iwahz; i k kw; W k; Ntshz; caph;r# ; oy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; jpwikfis tsh;ff ; Tk;> fw;wy; gfph;it cUthf;Fk; tifapy; $l;likg;G gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpwJ. 2018 Mk; Mz;L khh;;r; khjj;jpy; ghd;Mrpah grpgpf; mjd; cWg;G epWtdq;fSf;F

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rikayiwapy; fpilf; F k; fopTfisAk; > gaph;f; fopTfisAk; gad;gLj;jp kl;F cuk; jahhpf;fpd;wdh; vd;gJ gq;Nfw;ghsh;fSf;F xU ey;y fw;wYf;fhd tha;g;ghf mike;jJ. NkYk; foptiwapy; ,Ue;J ntspNaWk; ePUk;; Njhl;lj;jpw;F kW cgNahfk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. cs;@hpy; fpilf;;Fk; nghUl;fis gad;gLj;jp fopT kWRow;rp nra;Ak; mth;fspd; GJikahd El;gq;fs; gq;Nfw;ghsh;fSf;F kpf Kf;fpakhd rpy gbg;gpidfs; MFk;. fpishprpbah Fr;rpfs; nfhb tif nrbfSf;F glh;tjw;F VJthf gad; g Lj; j g; g l; L s; s d. NkYk; > ,J xU ,zf;fkhd ikf;Nuh fhy epiyia mq;F cUthf;fp kz;zpd; <ug;gjj;ij ghJfhf;fpwJ. kuq;fspy; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; Fr;rpfs; fhp%l;lk; nra;J mit kPz;Lk;; Njhl;lj;jpw;F kjpg;Gkpf;f vUthf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. gq;;Nfw;ghsh;fs; murhq;fj;jpd; Kd;Kaw;rpfisAk;> Fwpg;ghf =yq;fh Ntshz; Jiw gy;fiyf;fofj;ijAk; ghh;itapl;ldh;. =yq;fhtpy; ,aw;if Ntshz; i kia tphpthf; f k; nra; t jw; F cWjpG+z;Ls;s tifapy; ,aw;if Ntshz;ikf;F xU rpwe;j ikaj;ij Ntshz; Jiw epWtpAs;sJ. me;j ikaj;jpy;> tptrhapfSf;F ghpe;Jiug;gjw;F Kd;G mth;fs; gy;NtW tifahd cah; cs;sL P fs; Fwpj;J epiwa Muha;rr ; pfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. NkYk;> xU tptrha tphpthf;f mjpfhhpahy; efh;Gwj;jpy; jdJ tPl;ilr; Rw;wp cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU mw;Gjkhd tPl;Lj; Njhl;lj;ijg; ghh;itapLk; tha;g;Gk; gq;Nfw;ghsh;fSf;F fpilj;jJ.

KbTiu cyfshtpa czT neUf;fb kw;Wk;; czTg; nghUl; f spd; tpiyfs; mjpfhpj; J tUk; epiyapy;> cs;@h; czT Kiwfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; fl;likg;gjw;Fk; jw;NghJ mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,e;j gpd;dzpapy; tPl;Lj; Njhl;;lq;fs; %yk; czT cw;gj;jp kw;Wk;; tho;thjhu Nkk;ghL Fwpj;J Gjpa ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; gw;wpa fw;wy; ghpkhw;wk; tPl;Lj; Njhl; l q; f is tbtikf; F k; ; N ghJ gz; i z fopTfis jpwk;gl kWRow;rp nra;jy; kw;Wk; eph; t fpg; g J Fwpj; j Gjpa NahridfisAk; eilKiw gbg;gpidfisAk; toq;fpAs;sJ.  Suresh Kanna K Kudumbam, No. 113/118, Sundaraj Nagar, Subramaniyapuram, Trichy - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail: sureshkanna_ kudumbam@yahoo.in

%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 2

cuKk; Ntz;lhk;> G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypAk; Ntz;lhk; #hpa Mw;wiy kl;Lk; gad;gLj;Jk; ,e;j fh;ehlf tptrhap ,aw;if Ntshz;ikapy; ifyh~; %h;jj ; papd; ghpNrhjid> ,e;j ehl;by; cs;s rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfSf;F xU Kd;khjphpahf vOe;J epw;fpwJ. nghUshjhuk; ,y;yhky; caph;r;#oy; gpioj;jpUf;Fk;> Mdhy; caph;r;#oy; ,y;yhky; nghUshjhuk; gpioj;jpUf;f KbahJ. Vk;.Nf. ifyh~; ,e;j fbdkhd topia fw;wpUf;fpwhh;. rhk; u h[; e fh; khtl; l j; j pd; Nlhl; b d; L thb fpuhkj;ij Nrh;e;j> tq;fp mjpfhhpahf ,Ue;J xU tptrhapahf khwpath;> khepyj;jpy; kpfTk; twl;rpahd gFjpfspy; xd;wpy;> jdJ 22 Vf;fh; epyj;ij xU rpwpa fhlhf khw;wpAs;shh;. gQ;rhg; Nghd;w khepyq;fs; ,urhad g+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfs; kw; W k; cuq; f spd; gad; g hl; i l Fiwf; f Ntz;Lk; vd;W miog;G tpLf;Fk; Ntisapy;> ,aw;if Ntshz;ikapy; %h;j;jp nra;JtUk; ghpNrhjidfs;> ,e;j ehl;by; cs;s rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfSf;F xU Kd;khjphpahf vOe;J epw;fpwJ. 1984 Mk; Mz;by; %h;j;jp ,urhad Ntshz; i kia filgpbf; f Muk; g pj; j hh; . ehd;F tUlq;fspy; caphpdg;gd;kak; Fiwe;J tUtjdhy; Vw;gLk; vjph;kiw tpisTfis czu Jtq;fpdhh;. kz;zpd; tsk; Fiwa Jtq; f paJ kw; W k; jhtuq; f s; mjpfkhd ePiuAk;> cuq;fisAk; Nfl;fj; Jtq;fpaJ. “g+r;rpfs; vd;git ,aw;i fapy; eilngWk; xU epfo;T vd;gij tptrhapfs; fz;bg;ghf Ghpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mtw;iw mg;gbNa tpl;Ltpl;lhy;> gaph;fs; mitfSf;F vjpuhf vjph;gG ; rf;jpia tsh;jJ ; f; nfhs;Sk;. ntWkNd gaph;fSf;F g+r;rpf; nfhy;ypfis njspg;gjdhy;> G+r;rpfis fl;Lg;gLj;j KbahJ. Muk;gj;jpy; mit Ntiy nra;tJ khjphp Njhd;Wk;> Mdhy; njhlh; e ; J mit gad; g Lj; j g; g Lk; N ghJ G+r;rpfs; vjph;g;G rf;jpia ngw;WtpLk;. ,Jjhd; vdf;F Muk;gj;jpy; Vw;gl;lJ”> vd;fpwhh; %h;jj ; p. “vdJ gz;izapy; ,Ue;j g+r;rpfs;> midj;J tifahd G+r; r pf; nfhy; y pfSf; F k; vjph; g ; G

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$Ljyhf nrhy;tJ vd;dntd;why;> gy;NtW tifahd fha;fwpfs;> jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; goq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw tsh;fF ; k;NghJ> xt;nthU gapUk; Fiwthd g+r; r pj; j hf; F jYf; N f cs; s hFk; . Vndd; w hy; > g+r; r pfs; ngUf; f j; i j jLf; f ,aw;if vjphpfs; mjpfkhf nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd;fpwhh; %h;j;jp. mtUila tho;tpd; xU fl;lj;ij gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ> rpy tif kuq;fs; thio rhFgbf; F jP i k mspf; f f; $ bajhf ,Ue;jijAk;> me;j tif kuq;fis nfhy;tjw;F “vjphp kuq;fis” mwpKfg;gLj;jp mjd; %yk; thio rhFgb gpioj;jijAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. mtuJ thio Njhl;lj;jpy;> thio fNdhgp mjd; mbapy; cs;s gFjpia KOtJk; %b> mjd; thapyhf kz;zpy; cs;s Ez;Zaph;fis ghJfhj; J > mitfs; tsh; t jw; F cjtp Ghpfpd;wJ. thiof;F MjuT jUk; gaph;fspypUe;J tpOk; ,aw;if fopTg; nghUl;fs; kz;zpy; cs;s Ez;Zaph;fSf;F czthfpwJ. NkYk;> kz;zpd; Nkw;gug;ghdJ %lg;gl;bUg;gjhy;> ePh; MtpahtJ jLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,q;qdk;> kz;zpy; <ug;gpbg;Gj;jd;ik ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,urhad cuq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; jPa tpisTfisAk; > ,aw; i f Ntshz; i kf; F jpUk; G tjpdhy; Vw; g Lk; ed; i kfs; gw; w pa tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w xw;iw Nehf; f j; N jhL nfhy; N yfy; jhYf; f hTf; F mUfpy; ,aw; i f Ntshz; i kf; f hd xU mfhlkpia %h;j;jp cUthf;fpAs;shh;. mtUk;> Nghuhrphpah; vk;. B. eQ;Rz;lrhkpAk; ,ize;J [PNuh ,LnghUs; Ntshz;ikia fh;ehlfj;jpw;F cs; N sAk; > ntspNaAk; gutyhf;Ftjw;fhfTk;> kf;f Sf;F ,aw; i f Ntshz;ik vg;gb gUtepiy khw;wq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; rpf;fy;fSf;F vjpuhf Nghuhl cjTfpwJ vd;gijAk;> ,aw;if Ntshz;ik vg;gb kugpay; gq;Ffis ghJfhf;fpwJ vd;gijAk; kf;fSf;F vLj;Jiug;gjw;fhf gzp nra;J tUfpd;wdh;. ,e; j pahtpNyNa ,th; xUth; kl; L k; jhd; mtuJ gz;izf;F mUfpy; #hpa Mw;wNyhL czT gjg;gLj;Jk; Miyia mikj;Js;shh;.

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nfhba ,LnghUl;fs; nfhz;L ePq;fs; caphpdg;gd;kaj;ij nfhd;why;> ePq;fs; nra;tJ Ntshz; Fw;wtpaiy gapw;rp nra;fpd;wPh;fs;. mk;rq;fis Ma;T nra;AkhW mioj;jpUe;jhh;. mth;fs; Ma;T nra;jjpy;> midj;J jhtuq;fSk; MNuhf;fpakhfTk;> ve;jtpjkhd Neha; mwpFwpfNsh> FiwghLfSf; f hd mwpFwpfNsh njd;gltpy;iy vd;gij fz;lwpe;jdh;. ngq;f@Utpy; cs;s Ntshz; mwptpay; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; vk;. vd;. uNk\; mth; f s; > %h; j ; j papd; gz; i zapy; cs; s Njhl;lg;gaph;fs; midj;Jk; g+r;rpj;jhf;Fjy; ,d;wp> epiwa> MNuhf;fpakhd goq;fs; kw;Wk; gUg;Gfis nfhLg;gjhf xg;Gf;nfhz;lhh;. fpl;lj;jl;l> 28 jhtu FLk;gq;fis Nrh;e;j

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[g;ghdpy; ,aw;if Ntshz;ikapy; Kd;Ndhbahf ,U;j krNdhG Gf;FNthfhtpdhy; <h;f;fg;gl;l %h;j;jp 1988 Mk; Mz;by; ,aw;if tptrhaj;jpw;F khwpdhh;.

kpfr;rpwe;j kUj;JtkidfspypUe;Nj ngw KbahJ> Mdhy; ekJ cztpd; gy;tifj;jd;ikapypUe;J ngw KbAk;. MfNt jhd;> ,j;jid tUlq;fshf> ehd; kz;Zf;F mbapy; cs;s Ez;Zaph;fisAk;> kz;zpw;F Njitahd Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fis mspf;ff;$ba mtw;wpd; jpwikfisAk; gbj;J te;Js;Nsd;. ,aw;if Ntshz;ikf;F ek;ik khw;wpf;nfhs;tJ ,e; j fhyf; f l; l j; j py; kpfTk; nghUj; j khf cs;sJ> Vnddpy; FW tptrhapfs; ,t;tsT tUlq;fshf re;jpj;J te;j njhlh; ,og;Gfis ,dpAk; re; j pf; f hky; > Mdhy; yhgj; i j

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2020

ngUf;Fk; tifapy;> jq;fspd; ,LnghUl;fs; nrytpdq;fis mjpf mstpy; Fiwg;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wdh;.  This article was originally published in Down to Earth. You can find the link at: https:// www.downtoearth.org.in/news/agriculture/ thiskarnataka-farmer-hasn-t-used-fertiliserspesticides-forthree-decades-now-57443 %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 4