Tamil - June 2018 by LEISA India

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yP r h ,e; j pah jkpo; rpwg;gpjo; This issue in Tamil is a translated version of LEISA India magazine. This includes selected articles from LEISA India, originally published in English. Address : ame Foundation No. 204, 100 Feet Ring Road, 3rd Phase, Banashankari 2nd Block, 3rd Stage, Bangalore - 560 085, India Tel:

+91-080- 2669 9512, +91-080- 2669 9522

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+91-080- 2669 9410

E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in

Leisa India Chief Editor : K.V.S. Prasad Managing Editor : T.M. Radha

yPrh vd;gJ Fiwe;j ntspapL nghUs; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. Rw;Wr;RoYf;F cfe;j topfspy; cw;gj;jpiaAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; ngUf;f tpUk;Gk; coth;fSf;F njhopw;El;g kw;Wk; r%f hPjpapyhd tha;g;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;Ffis msTld; gad;gLj;jp Njitg;gLk; NghJ ghJfhg;ghd msT ntspaPL nghUl;fis jpwd;gl ifahs;tjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; coth;fis> me;j r%fj;ij Ragyk; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rf;jp kpf;fth;fshfTk; khw;wp mjd;%yk; mth;fspd; vjph;fhyj;ij jq;fs; nrhe;j mwpT> jpwik>kjpg;gL P > fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis mikf;f cjTtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ khwptUk; #oy;fs; kw;Wk; NjitfSf;F Vw;g coth;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju gq;Fjhuh;fspd; jpwikfs;> gq;Nfw;G mZFKiwfs; %yk; gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk;> mwptpay; g+h;tkhd mwpitAk; ,izj;J mjd;%yk; nfhs;if cUthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp vjph;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;FtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ xU fUj;J> xU mZFKiw kw;Wk; tpNtfkhd nra;jp.

Translated by Suresh Kanna. K Translation coordination Poornima Administration Rukmini G. G. Design and Layout M.S. Vasanth Christopher Printing L.S. Graphic Prints, Chennai Cover photo Fodder (CNCo4) promotion in Gundakettukuli village Different editions • Regional Editions Telugu, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi and Oriya • Farming Matters The Global edition in English • LEISA Revista de Agroecologia The Latin American edition in Spanish • LEISA India The Indian edition in English • AGRIDAPE The West African edition in French • Agriculturas, Experiencias em Agroecologia The Brazilian edition in Portuguese

The editors have taken every care to ensure that the contents of this magazine are as accurate as possible. The authors have ultimate responsibility, however, for the content of individual articles. The editors encourage readers to photocopy and circulate magazine articles.

Supported by MISEREOR, Published by AME Foundation yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

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gUtepiy khw;wq;fis vjph;nfhs;Sk; mZFKiwfs; gh];fud; jdJ ney; rhFgb mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapYk;> thdpiy khw;wq;fis njhlh;eJ ; ftdpj;J mjd; %yk; fpilj;jtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; gUtepiy khw;wq;fis vjph; n fhs; S k; jdJ nrhe; j jpl; l j; i j jP l ; b dhh; . 2012 Mk; Mz; L tptrhapfs; fLk; twl; r pahd #oypy; vd; d nra; t J vd;gJ njhpahJ ,Ue;jdh;. me;j Neuj;jpy; 140 ehl;fs; taJila nts;isg; nghz;zp ney; ufj; i j Neub tpijg; G nra; t njd KbntLj;jhh;. nrg;lk;ghpy; nga;j kioahdJ mtuJ epyj;ij cOtjw;Fk;> tpijg;gjw;Fk; NghJkhdjhf ,Ue; j J. kz; z py; ,Ue; j <ug;gjk; tpijfs; Kisg;gjw;F cjtp Ghpe;jd. ,uz;lhtJ kioahf mf;Nlhghpy; jPghtspf;F gpwF fpilj;jJ. mij nfhz;L new;gapuhdJ Fwpg;gpl;l msT tsh;tjw;F NghJkhdjhf ,Ue;jJ. gh];fuDf;F Mw;wpy; ,Ue;j fpilj;j ePh; mf;Nlhgh;> etk;gh; kw;Wk; brk;gh; khjq;fSf;F 10 ehl;fs; fpilj;jJ.

[{d; khjk; Neub tpijg; G Kiwapy; > vjph; tUk; khjq; f spy; kio fpilf; F k; vd; w ek;gpf;ifapy; tpijj;jhh;. Mdhy; vjph;ghh;jj ; gb kio fpilf;ftpy;iy. nrhh;zk#hp ed;whf Kisj;jJ Mdhy;> mjd;gpwF kio ,y;yhjjhy; fha;eJ ; tpl;lJ. fUq;FWitia nghUj;jkl;by; mJ ed; w hf Kisj; J Fiwe; j msT eP h ; Mjhuq;fs; cs;s gFjpfSf;F nghUj;jkhd ufk; vd;gij ep&gpj;jJ. ,uz; l htJ gUtj; jpy; > mjhtJ nrg; l k; g h; kw;Wk; mf;Nlhghpy; Mw;wpy; rpwpjsT jz;zPh; ,Ue;jJ. gUtkio nga;Ak; vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; rpy tptrhapfs; Neub tpijg;gpw;Fk;> ehw;Wtpl;L eLk; Kiwf;Fk; nrd;wdh;. Mdhy; eL brk;gh; tiu kio nga;atpy;iy. vdNt> new;gapiu fhg; g hw; w Kbatpy; i y. Mo; F oha; fpzW trjpAila xU rpy tptrhapfNs nfhQ;rk; rhFgb nra;a Kbe;jJ. kw;w tptrhapfSf;F ngUksT ,og; G k; me; j Mz; L tUkhdk; fpilf;fhky; NghdJ. ,Ug;gpDk; brk;gh; kw;Wk; [dthp khjq;fspy; gdp <uj;jpy; fpilf;Fk; <ug;gjj;ij nfhz;L ePh; Fiwthf Njitg;gLk; gaph;fis gaphpLtJ vd KbT nra; j hh; . mjd; W mth; cSe; J (V.B.b 3)> gr;ir gaW (ehl;L ufk;) kw;Wk; vs; (b.vk;.tp-3) Nghd;wtw;iw Njh;T nra;jhh;. 2016 Mk; brk;gh; khjk; 20 tpijj;jhh;. mjd; gpd; 2 kioahdJ brk;gh; 27 kw;Wk; 28Mk; Njjpfspy; fpilj; j J. mjd; g pd; NkYk; 2 kioahdJ [dthp 20 kw;Wk; 21 Mk; Njjpfspy; fpilj;jJ. vdNt> xU rpy ,LnghUl;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;if

[dthpapy; new;gaph; mWtilf;F jahuhdJ. fha;r;rYk; nga;r;rYk; vd;fpw jj;Jtk; kpf rhpahf Ntiy nra;jij gh];fud; fz;lwpe;jhh;. mt;tifapy; 140 ehl;fs; gapuhdJ 10 ehl;fs; <ug;gj;jpYk;> mjid njhlh;e;J 20 ehl;fs; fha; r ; r ypYk; ed; F tsh; e ; j J. jzy; FOtpdUf;F fhyepiy khw;wj;ij vjph;nfhs;s Nkw;nfhz;l khw; w p khw; w p mth; filgpbj; j mZFKiwfis gh];fud; tpsf;Ffpwhh;. fha; r ; r Yk; nga; r rYk; vd; f pw cf;jp gaph; ed;whf tsh;tjw;Fk;> [dthpapy; ey;y tpisr;riyAk; mspj;jJ. Neub tpijg;gpy; new; g aph; gaphplg; g l; b Ue; j hYk; > J}h;fs; NeuhfTk;> cWjpahfTk;> gjh; f s; FiwthfTk; > Kjph; e ; j ney;kzpfis nfhLj;jJ. ,jd; %yk; new;gapiu Fiwthd ePiu nfhz;Lk; tsh;f;f KbAk; vd;gij ep&g;gpf;f Kbe;jJ. 2016 Mk; Mz; L ney; rhFgb nra; t jw; f hd rhjfkhd #oy; ,y;iy. vdpDk; gh];fud; fUq;FWit kw;Wk; nrhh;zk#hp vd; f pw ,uz; L ghuk; g hpa ney; ufq;fis gaphpl;lhh;. ,it yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

g+r;rpf; fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfis nfhz;L ve;j xU ePh; gha;rR ; jypd; Njitapd;wp gaph;fs; ed;F tsh;eJ ; te;jd. midj;J gaph;fSk; 2017 khh;r; 25 Mk; Njjp mWtil nra;ag;gl;ld. mth; 2 Vf;fh; epyj;jpy; 250 fpNyh vs;Sk;> kw;WnkhU 2.5 Vf;fh; epyj;jpy; 1100 fpNyh cSe;Jk; mWtil nra;jhh;. NkYk; xU Vf;fhpy; 350 fpNyh gr;irg; gapWk; mWtil nra;jhh;. gh];fud; khwptUk; gUt epiyf; F Vw; g gy gaph; f is rhFgb nra;jhh;. Mdhy; kw;w tptrhapfs; khwptUk; gUtepiy khw;wq;fis Ghpe;J nfhs;shky; xl;Luf ney; ufq;fis gaphpl;L ngUk; gaph; ,og;ig re;jpj;jdh;.

fw;w gbg;gpidfs; xt;nthU gUtepiyf;Fk; vw;w Fwpg;gpl;l ghuk;ghpa ufq;fs; cs;sd. ghuk;ghpa ufq;fs; me;je;j gFjpf;Fk;> #oYf;Fk; nghUj;jkhdit. vdNt gUtepiy khw;wq;fshy; Vw;gLk; mOj;jq;fis vjph;nfhz;L tsh; e ; J tptrhapfSf; F cjTgit. tptrhapfSf;F mjpy; rhpahd Ghpjy; ,Ue;jhy;> mjw;nfw;f tifapy; ufq;fis Njh;T nra;J rhFgb nra;ayhk;. tptrhapfs; njhlh;e;J 2-3 gUtq;fSf;F ney; gaphpLtij jtph;f;f Ntz;Lk;. rk;gh gUtj;jpy; new;gaph; gaphpLk; NghJ> mjd; gpd; fpilf;Fk; vQ;rpa

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

<ug; g jj; i j nfhz; L gaWtif gaph; f is gaphplyhk;. vdNt> mth;fs; eL-[dthpf;F gpwF gaWtif gaph;fSf;F NghtJ ey;yJ. mjd; gpd; Nfhil khjq;fspy;> mjhtJ Vg;uy; kw; W k; Nk khjq; f spy; kz; z pd; Nkw; g ug; G fha; e ; j pUf; F k; . me; j Neuj; j py; Nfo; t uF kw;Wk; fk;G Nghd;w gaph;fis gaphplyhk;. ,e;j tifapy; tptrhapfs; jq;fspd; gaph; rhFgb Kiwfis jpl;lkpl;lhy; khwptUk; gUtepiy khw;wq;fspd; jhf;fq;fis rkhspj;J mjpfgl;r gad;fis milayhk;. ,jw;F gh];fud; xU ey;y cjhuzk;. jpU. gh]; f ud; mth; f is Njdhk; g Lif> gl;B];tuk; top> Fk;gNfhzk;> jkpo;ehL> 612 703> njh.Ngrp 94428 -71049 vd;w Kfthpapy; njhlh;G nfhs;syhk;.  Suresh Kanna.K Associate Coordinator, CREATE - Save Our Rice Campaign, No. 113/118, Sundaraj Nagar, Subramaniyapuram, Trichy - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India Phone No: 099420-99926 Email: kannasuresh71@gmail.com %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2017> thy;a+k; 19> ,jo; 2

caphpdg;gd;kak; nefpo;jpwid fl;likf;fpwJ Mh;. Mjpehuhazd; xOq;fw;w kionghopT KiwfNshL xhpdg;gaph; Kiwfs; Nrh;e;J nfhs;Sk; NghJ> Ntshz;ik vd;gJ Fwpg;ghf khdhthhp gFjpfspy; kpfTk; ek;gj;jd;ikaw;wjhfTk;> Mgj;jhdjhfTk; cUthf;fp tpLfpwJ. ePh; Nrkpg;G Nghd;w rpwpa nray;ghLfs; nghpa khw;wq;fis cUthf;fp> tptrhapfis fhyepiy khw;wq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfis rkhspf;Fk; tifapy; jahh;gLj;jp tpLfpwJ. gz;izapy; caphpdg; gd;ikia Nkk;gLj;JtJ> tho;thjhuk; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oiy Nkk;gLj;JtjpYk;> Mgj;Jf;fis Fiwg;gjpYk; cjtp nra;fpd;wd. jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s kJiu khtl;lj;jpd; kf;fs; njhifapy; ngUk; g hd; i kahdth; f spd; tho;thjhuj;jpw;fhd mbg;gil Ntshz;ik jhd;. kJiu khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s khdhthhp Ntshz; gFjpfspy; 90 tpOf;fhL gaph; ,og;G vd;gJ gaphpd; tsh;rr ; pf;F jz;zhP ; Njitg;gLk; kpfTk; Kf; f pakhd fl; l j; j py; gw; w hf; F iw Vw; g LtJjhd; . rkP g j; j pa tUlq; f spy; > xOf;fw;w kiog;nghopT kw;Wk; cah;e;JtUk; ntg;gepiy Nghd;wit Fbg;gjw;Fk;> ePh;ghrdj;jpw;Fkhd jz;zPh; gw;whf;Fiwia Vw;gLj;jp tpLtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; ePhpdhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fisAk; mjpfhpj;J tpLfpwJ. jz; z P h ; gw; w hf; F iwapdhy; > gaph; ,og; G mbf; f b Vw; g LtJk; > jP t d gw; w hf; F iw mjpfhpg;gJk;> mjd; fhuzkhf kf;fs; jq;fspd; fhy;eilfis tpw;Wtpl;Lk;> Ntshz;ikia tpl;Ltpl;Lk; mUfhikapy; cs;s efh;Gwq;fis Nehf;fp ,lk; ngah;e;J tpLfpd;wdh;. fhy epiy khw;wj;ij rkhspf;Fk; tifapy; r%fq;fspd; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jp> mth;fis Ntshz;ikapy; njhlh;e;J jf;f itg;gjw;fhf> jhdk; gTz; N lrd; gUtepiy khw; w j; i j vjph;nfhs;Sk; tifapyhd jpl;lj;ij Kd; n dLj; j J. brk; g h; 2011 Mk; Mz; b y; Jtf; f g; g l; l ,e; j jpl; l k; kJiu khtl; l k; Nj. fy; Y g; g l; b apy; 4 gQ; r haj; J f; f spy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;j jpl;lkhdJ Kjypy; r%f %yjdj;ij fl;likg;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;jp gpd;dh; ePh; mWtil nray;ghLfis eilKiwg;gLj;jpaJ. ePh; Fiwthf gad;gLk; gaph;fs; rpWjhdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; Njhl;lq;fis kug;gaph;fs;; Njh;tpy; tptrhapfSf;F gapw;rpfs; mspf; f g; g l; l J. fhyepiy khw; w q; f is vjph;nfhs;Sk; mZFKiwahf tptrhapfSk;>

fhy;eilfSk; fhg;gL P nra;ag;gl;ld. RUf;fkhf nrhd;dhy;> ,J gUtepiy khw;wj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; gpur; r idfis jP h ; g ; g jw; f hd xl; L nkhj; j mZFKiwahf nray;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;j jpl; l j; j pd; nray; g hLfspd; xU gFjpahf fpsq;Fsk; fpuhkj;ij Nrh;e;j xU tptrhapapd; Ntshz;ik tho;thjhuj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpa kpfg; nghpa khw; w k; ntw; w pf; fijahdJ ,q; N f nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

khWtjw;F fw;Wf;nfhz;lJ ,sq; N fhtd; vd; g th; kJiu khtl; l k; Nj.fy; Yg; gl; b tl; l j; jpy; cs; s fpsq; Fsk; fpuhkj;ij Nrh;e;jth;. ,tuJ FLk;gj;jpw;F nrhe; j khf mthpd; je; i j gaphpl; L tUk; 2 Vf;fh; khdhthhp epyk; cs;sJ. xOq;fw;w kw;Wk; epr;rakw;w kionghoptpd; fhuzkhf fle;j 3 tUlq;fspy; mtuhy; rhFgb Nkw;nfhs;sKbatpy;iy. mth;fspd; FLk;g nryTfis Nkw; n fhs; s tjw; F fwitapy; ,Ue; J fpilf; F k; tUkhdk; Nghjtpy; i y vd;whYk; mijNa ek;gpapUf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. kw;nwhU tptrhaplk; ,Ue;J ,sq;Nfhtd; 5 Vf;fh; epyj;ij Fj;jiff;F vLj;jhh;. me;j epyj;jpy; ,Ue;j Kl;Gjh; nrbfis mfw;wp tpl;L Fjpiuthyp kw;Wk; gUj;jp gaph;fis gaphpl Muk;gpj;jhh;. ,e;j gaph;fis mth; njhlh;rr ; pahf 3 tUlq;fSf;F gaphpl;lhh;. Mdhy; mjpy; xU ey;y mWtilia ntw;wpfukhf mtuhy; vLf;f Kbatpy;iy. mth; fLk; ,og;ig re;jpj;jh;. jpl;lk; Fwpj;j Xh; tpsf;ff;$l;lk; fpuhkj;jpy; tptrha r%fj;jpw;F Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ. gUtepiy khw;wk; kw;Wk; xOq;fw;w kiog; n ghopT Nghd; w tw; w pd; rthy; f is yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

ml;ltiz 1: t. vz;

gaphpd; ngah;

rhFgb gug;G/ tpijmsT

rhFgb nryT (&)

kh;hpNfhy;L

46 nrd;l;

1650 184.5 fp - 10 mWtilapy;

5800

4150

kpsfha;

24 nrd;l;

3820 150 fp - fha;e;j kpsfha;

10 fp

9800

5980

rpd;d ntq;fhak;

kpsfhapy; CLgapuhf

4 fp

1040

990

fj;jphp

3 nrd;l;

500 25 fp

5 fp

750

250

ghfy;

2 ghf;nfl;

10 15 fp

4 fp

600

590

nfhj;J mtiu

2 ghf;nfl;

10 10 fp

4 fp

100

gUj;jp

25 nrd;l;

1750 62.5 fp

2500

750

KUq;if

50 nrb

1500 Kjy; Kiw 40 fha;fs;

midj;Jk;

100

mfj;jp

10 tpijfs;

1 fl;L

10.

fPiu

50 fpuhk;

50 90 fl;L

25 fl;L

360

310

11.

gPh;f;F

2 ghf;nfl;

10 6 fp

12.

kPd; tsh;g;G

750 kPd; FQ;Rfs;

2 fp

1875

825

50 154 fp

5 8 fl;Lfs;

1050 7.5 fp

rkhspg;g jpy; ,sq;NfhtDf;F Njitg; gLk; tpraq;fs; ,e;j jpl;lj;jpy; kpfg; nghUj;jkhf ,Ue; j J. gz; i zf; F l; i l mikg; g jdhy; Vw; g Lk; gad; f s; Fwpj; J ,sq; N fhtDf; F vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ. gz;izf;Fl;il vd;gJ epyj;jpy; cs;s xU gFjpapy; kz;iz Njhz;b vLj; J kiof; f hyj; j py; nga; A k; kio eP i u Nrhpj;J mWtil nra;tjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gLk; xU mikg;ghFk;. ePhg ; g ; pbg;G gFjpfspy; epyj;jpd; Nkw;gug;gpYk;> mbg;gug;gpYk; tope;Njhb tUk; ePh; gz;izf;Fl;ilfspy; Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. gz;izf;Fl;ilapy; Nrhpf;fg;gLk; ePh; gaph; f Sf; F jz; z P h ; gw; w hf; F iw Vw; g Lk; rkaq;fspy; vLj;J gaph;fis fhg;ghw;Wtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. gz; i zf; F l; i lfspy; gad; f is mwpe; J nfhs; t jw; f hf uhkehjGuk; khtl; l j; j pd; KJFsj;J}h; a+dpadpy; cs;s KJFsj;J} Uf;F xU fy;tp Rw;Wyh Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ. r N th pa h h ; g l ; b zj ;j p y ; t p t rha p f N shL gz;izf;Fl;ilapd; jhf;f eilngw;w ciuahly;fs; kw;Wk; gbg;gpidfSf;F gpwF> ,sq;Nfhtd; jdJ epyj;jpy; gz;izf;Fl;il mikg;gnjd;W KbntLj;jhh;. 2012 brk;gh; khjk; ,sq;Nfhtd; 33 kPll ; Uf;F 15 kPll ; h; vd;w mstpy;> 1.6 kPll ; h; Moj;jpw;F 4 nrd;l mstpy; jdJ epyj;jpy; gz;izf;Fl;ilia ntl;bdhh;. Jujp\; l trkhf kio ,y; y hj fhuzj; j hy; mtuJ gz;izf;Fl;ilf;F ePh; fpilf;ftpy;iy. caphpdg; gd; k aj; i j Nkk; g Lj; J tjhy; > Ntshz;ikapy; cs;s rthy;fs; ngUstpy; 8

kf#y;

nkhj;j tUkhdk; epfu (re;ij tUkhdk; kjpg;G)

nrhe;j gaDf;F

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ. tUkhdj;jpw;fhd Mjhuk; vd; g J gy gaph; rhFgb Ntshz; i kNahL fhy;eilfisAk;> kPd; tsh;g;igAk; Nrh;j;J ngwg;gLfpwJ.

caphpdg; gd;kaj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jjy;: 2013 Mk; Mz;L xNu kioapy; gz; i zf; F l; i lahdJ eP u hy; KOikahf epuk;gpaJ. gz;izf;Fl;ilapy; ePh; KOikahf ,Ue;jjhy;> ,sq;Nfhtd; jdJ gz;izapy; caphpdg; gd; k aj; i j Nkk; g Lj; J tjw; f hf gy gaph; rhFgb nra;tnjd KbntLj;jhh;. gs;sg;gl;bapy; cs;s mofh;rhkpapd; gz;izf;F xU fy;tp Rw;Wyhtpw;fhf nrd;wJ> mtiu jdJ epyj; j py; 50 KUq; i f fd; W fis tsh;g;gjw;F Cf;fkspj;jJ. ,e;j fd;Wfs; midj; J k; gz; i zf; F l; i lapy; ,Ue; j jz;zPiu nfhz;L tsh;f;fg;gl;lJ. Vg;uy; khjj;jpy; ,Ue;J kuf;fd;Wfspy; fha;fs; fha;ff ; njhlq;fpaJ. mtUf;F 40 fha;fs; fpilj;jJ. mjid mth; jdJ tP l ; L cgNahfj; j pw; F gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. Nghjpa mDgtk; ,y;yhj epiyapYk;> mth; nrz;Lky;yp rhFgbia etk;gh; khjk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. gpg;uthpapy; mth;fs; kyh;fis gwpj; J mtuJ gz; i zapy; ,Ue; J 3 fp.kP . njhiytpy; cs;s Nj. fy;Yg;gl;b gFjp re;ijapy; tpw;whh;. mjd; %yk; &.5800 tUkhdk; <l;bdhh;. nrz; L ky; y p rhFgbahdJ njhlh; r ; r pahd gzg; G of; f j; j pw; F cjtpaJ. jhtuj; j pd; ,iyfs; mthplk; ,Ue;J 12 MLfSf;F (2

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

Fiwj;jJ. Cjhuzj;jpw;F nrd;Lky;yp kw;Wk; fj;jphpapd; ,iyfs; MLfSf;F jPtdkhf gad; g l; l J. NkYk; mjDld; nr]; N gdpah (mfj;jp) mtuJ epyj;jpy; gapulg;gl;L> mjd; %yk; mth; ghy; cw; g j; j pia mjpfg; g Lj; j Kbe;jJ. gz;izf;Fl;il epyj;jb ePh; kPz;Lk; CWtjw;Fk;> mjd; thapyhf epyj;jb ePh; kl;lk; mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; cjtpaJ. gz;izf;Fl;il cUthf; F tjw; F Kd; Mo; F oha; fpzw; wpy; ,Ue;J 20-25 epkplq;fSf;Nf jz;zPh; ,iwf;f Kbe;jJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ 40-45 epkplq;fSf;F jz;zPh; ,iwf;f KbfpwJ. caphpdg; g d; k aj; i j mjpfhpf; f g; g l; l jd; thapyhf Ntshz;ikapy; rpf;fy;fs; ngUkstpy; Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ. (ml;ltiz 1). tUkhdj;jpw;fhd Mjhuk; vd;gJ gy gaph; rhFgb Ntshz;ikNahL fhy;eilfisAk;> kPd; tsh;g;igAk; Nrh;j;J ngwg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; FLk; g j; j pw; f hd czT Njh; T mjpfhpj; J > mjd; %yk; FLk; g j; j pd; Cl; l r; r j; J k; $l mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. kpf Kf;fpakhf> gz;izf;Fl;ilapd; %yk; Neuk; jtwp fpilf;Fk; kiog; nghopitf;$l Nrfhpj;J Njitg;gLk; NghJ gad;gLj;jp nfhs;s mtuhy; Kbe;jJ. khhpak;kd; Ra cjtpf; FOtpd; cWg;gpduhfTk;> fpuhk mstpy; fhyepiy khw;wj;ij rkhspf;Fk; mikg; g pd; cWg; g pduhfTk; > ,sq; N fhtd; ,e; j mikg; G fis jdJ fUj; J f; f is gfph;e;J nfhs;sTk;> MNyhridfis ngwTk;> kw;wth;fis fth;fpw tifapYk; gad;gLj;jp tUfpwhh;.  Adhinarayanan R Program Leader, Climate Change Adaptation Programme DHAN Foundation 1 A, Vaidhyanathapuram East Kennet Cross Road Madurai 625016. Tamil Nadu, India E-mail: aadhi@dhan.org %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2017> thy;a+k; 19> ,jo; 2

kf;fspd; mwpT jftikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F Kf;fpakhdJ Mh;.Nf. ikf;nfshp> vy;.v];. uhtl;> tp.v];. nefp> m[a; knyj;jh> gp.rp. Nghd;lhdp kw;Wk; gp.gp. jahdp gUt epiy khw;wk; Fwpj;j fUj;Jk;> kiyafg; gFjp #o;epiy kz;lyq;fspy; mjid jftikj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; tptrhapfSf;F cs;s mwpTk;> mDgtKk; gy E}w;whz;Lfshf eilngw;WtUk; nghpa mstpyhd thdpiy kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy; khw;wq;fNshL rkhspf;f cjtp tUfpwJ. kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpa mwpTk;> gUtepiy khw;wk; Fwpj;J ek;kplk; cs;s mwptpay; mwpNthL xUq;fpizg;gJ> gUtepiy khw;wj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; rpf;fy;fis jPhg ; g ; jw;fhd ekJ jpwikia fl;likg;gjw;fhd xU topahf vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. `pkhya kiyj; n jhlh; Rw; W r; # oy; vd; g J gUtepiy khw;wj;jpw;F kpfTk; czh;Tkpf;fJ. ,e;j gFjpapy; trpf;Fk; kf;fs; gUtepiy khw;wj;ij rhh; e ; J ,Uf; F k; Jiwfshd Ntshz; i k> fhy;eilfs; kw;Wk; fhL tsh;gG ; ek;gpAs;sdh;. Vnddpy; mit czT kw; W k; Cl; l r; r j; J cj;jputhjj;ijAk; tho;thjhu MjuT Kiwfis cilf;Fk; jpwid ngw;Ws;sjhy;. kiyg;gFjp Ntshz;ik vd;gJ mjpfstpw;F thdpiy kw;Wk; gUtj;jpy; nga;Ak; kioia ek; g pNa cs; s d. gUt epiyapy; Vw; g Lk;

ve;jnthU khw;wKk; gaph; kf#y; kw;Wk; czT tpdpNahfj;jpYk; kpfg; nghpa tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,e;j gFjpapy; cs;s rKjhaj;jpdh; gUt epiy khw; w j; j pd; jhf; f q; f s; kw; W k; mjw;F Vw;whw;Nghy; jq;fis jftikj;Jf; nfhs;tjpYk; nghpa mstpy; ghuk;ghpa mwpit ngw;Ws;sdh;. vdNt 2014 Kjy; 2016 tiu cj;juf;fhz;by; cs;@h; kf;fspd; ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk; > gUtepiy khw; w j; j pd; kP j hd fUj; J f; s kw; W k; jftikj; J f; nfhs; S k; mZFKiwfs; Fwpj;Jk; xU Ma;T elj;jg;gl;L mit gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ.

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

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kw;Wk; kiog;nghoptpy; khw;wq;fs; ,Ug;gJ gaph; ,og;igAk;> czT jhdpaq;fs;> jPtd Mjhuq;fs;> Njhl;lf;fiyg; gaph;fs; kw;Wk; fhy; e il cw; g j; j p Fiwtij Fwpj; J > mJ tptrha r%fq;fspd; nghUshjhu epiyikia tYtpof;fr; nra;fpwJ. NkYk; mth;fs; mbf;fb epfOk; g+r;rp kw;Wk; Neha;fspd; jhf;FjyfSk;> Fwpg;ghf Ntshz;-Njhl;lg;gaph;fs; (fPiufs;> fpl;dp gPd] ; >; vYkpr;ir kw;Wk; Mg;gps; Nghd;wit) Fwpf;fpwJ. cs;@hpy; trpf;Fk; kf;fs; kUj;Jt jhtuq;fs; (my;ypak; ];lhh;r;ap> ngh;[Pdpah ypFyl;lh) kw;Wk; cz;zf;$ba fhl;b nrbfs; (Nuhnlhndd; b uhd; Mh; N ghhpak; > g; U d]; rpuhnrhbal];> ghk;ghf;]; rpgh> Ngh`pd;ah NthpaNfl; l h) Nghd; w it Kd; d jhfNt g+g;gijAk;> fha;g;gijAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;. Ma; T nra; a g; g l; l fpuhkq; f spy; > xOq; f w; w kiog;nghopT> gdpg; nghopT kw;Wk; jl;gntg;gepiy cah;T Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; Njhl;lf;fiyg; gaph;fspy; Fiwthd cw;gj;jp te;jJ fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,it cj;jh;fhz;b;

• k hw; W g; g aph; f shf [pQ; r h; mgprpyhdp]; (,Q; r p) kw;Wk; Fh;Fkh yhq;fh (kQ;rs;) kyh; rhFgbahf (fpshbNahy]; tiffs; kw;Wk; ypy;ypak; tiffs;) kw;Wk; jPtdg; gaph;fshf ngd;dprPl;lk; Gh;Ghpak; (jPtd jl;il)> ijrNdhNydh Nkf;]pkh Nghd;wit tho;thjhu topfshf filgpbf;fg;gl;ld. • F iwthd kiog; n ghopT kw; W k; ntg; g j; j pd; fhuzkhf xilfspy; jz;zPh; tuj;J Fiwe;jjhy; ePh;ghrd epyk; khdhthhp epykhf khwpaJ. • mjpf msT kjpg;G nfhz;l rpy kUj;Jt jhtuq;fshd gpf;Nuhuha;rh Fh;uh> mh;epgpah ngd;jhkp> rh];Rhpah Nfh];l];> my;ypak; ];lhh;r;ap> my;ypak; f;a+kpyp> VQ;rypf;fh f;shf;fh> fuk; fh;tp Nghd;wit mjpf caukhd gFjpapy; cs; s fpuhkq; f spy; rhFgb nra;ag;gl;lJ. • k z; Z f; F cukspj; J mjd; <ug; g jj; i j jf; f itg;gjw;fhf fisfis kWRow;rp nra;jJ. • N fhJik rhFgbf; F gjpyhf rpy fpuhkq; f spy; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l fLF ufq;fis gaphpl;lJ. • Fiwthd jhdpaq;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; rpy jPtdg; gaph;fis rhFgb nra;jJ. • gUt kw;Wk; gUtkw;w; fhyq;fspy; fha;fwpfis ghJfhf;fg;gl;l (ghyp `T];> epoy;tiy> ghypgpl;) rhFgb Kiwapy; gaphpl;lJ. • N ka; r ; r y; epyq; f spd; jhq; F k; jpwid fUj; j py; nfhz;L MLfs; kw;Wk; nrk;kwp MLfs; tsh;g;ig Nkw;nfhz;lJ.

cs;s iedpl;lhy;> rhNkhyp> kw;Wk; cj;jh;fhrp Nghd;w khtl;lq;fspy; epyj;ij mbg;gilahf nfhz;L tUkhdk; ngwf;$ba tha;g;Gfis mjpfmstpy; ghjpj; J s; s J. epr; r akw; w gUtepiyfshd tpijf;Fk; NghJ Fiwe;j kiog;nghopT kw;Wk; mjpfsT tsq;fshd> Fwpg; g hf gr; i r Gw; f s; kw; W k; jP t dq; f s; Vg; u y; - Nk khjq; f spy; nga; j Fiwthd kiog;nghopT ,tw;wpd; fhuzkhf Ntshz; kf#Yk; > tUkhdKk; Fiwe; j J. ,it fhLfs; jPgg ; w;wpf;nfhs;tJ Nghd;wit mbf;fb epfOk; rk;gq;fshf mjpfhpf;fr; nra;J jPtd Mjhuj;jpYk;> fhy;eil cw;gj;jp KiwfspYk; ghjfkhd jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. Kd;ngy;yhk; fpuhq;fspy; Mz;LNjhWk; ePh; jUk; Mjhuq;fs; epiwa ,Ue; j jhf Ntshz; r%fj; j pdh; njhptpf; f pd; w dh; . Mdhy; > rkP g fhyq; f s; ngUk;ghyhd ePNuhilfs; kw;Wk; Mjhuq;fs; KOtJkhf tw;wp tpl;ld. cs; @ h; r%fq; f s; NkYk; njhptpf; i fapy; epiwa Gw;fs; $b g+r;rp kw;Wk; Neha;fspd; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

Kl;ilf;NfhR gutyhf tsh;f;fg;gLk; xU gz;izapd; fz;Nzhl;lk;

jhf;Fjy;fspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L> fhy; e ilfSf; F mspf; f g; g Lk; jP t dj; j pd; msit Fiwe;Js;sJ vd;fpd;wdh;. ,J ghy; kw;Wk; khkpr cw;gj;jpapy; ghjfkhd jhf;fj;ij cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

gUtepiy khw;wj;jpd; jhf;fq;fis vjph;nfhs;tjpYk;> mjw;F r%fj;jpd; vjph;eltbf;iffSk;: gUtepiy kw;Wk; thdpid khw;wq;fSf;F vjph; eltbf;ifahf> cs;@h; r%fq;fs; jq;fspd; fle; j fhy mDgtj; j pd; mbg; g ilapYk; > ghuk;ghpa mwptpd; mbg;gilapYk; gUtepiy khw;wj;ij vjph;nfhs;s jftikg;G mZFKiwfis cUthf;fpAs;sdh;. fpl;lj;jl;l xt;nthU fhy epiy kz;lyj;jpYk; tptrhapfs; nghUj;jkhd gaph;fis Njh;T nra;J gaph; fhyz;liu khw;wpaikj;J> jz;zhP ; Fiwthf Njitg;gLk; gaph;fshd fpl;dp gPd] ; >; cUisf;fpoq;F kw;Wk; ,ju fha;fwp gaph;fSf;F mth; f s; khwpdh; . gUtepiy khw; w j; j pd; fhuzkhf gzg; g aph; f is rhFgb nra; j J me;j gFjpapy; ghuk;ghpa gaph;fs; gaphpLtJ Fiwtjw; F fhuzkhf mike; j J. mjd; tpisthf kf;fs; rpy Kf;fpa czTfshd ghhpy;yh g;Ul];rd;]> nrl;Nlhpah ,lhypfh> ghdpf;fk; kpypNarpak;> igrk; mh;td;rp kw;Wk; i`gp];f]; fd;dhgpd;d]; Nghd;w eLj;ju cauj;jpy; cs;s gFjpfspy; tsUk; gaph;fs; 14

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

Fiwe;Js;sJ. cr;rgl;r kiog;nghoptpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLk; NghJ> fly; kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J 10002000 kPl;lh; cauj;jpy; cs;s ghuk;ghpa gUg;G tifg;gaph;fs; (tpf;dh mq;FfpNyl;lh> tpfdh mq;Fyhhp];)> Nghd;wtw;wpy; g+f;fs; g+f;Fk; jUzj;jpy; gpur;ridfSk; tsh;e;Js;sd. eP h ; ghrdj; j pw; f hd jz; z P h ; Njitapid Fiwg;gjw;Fk;> ney; gaphpy; ey;y Kisg;Gj;jpwd; fpilg;gij cWjp nra;tjw;Fk; tptrhapfs; tpijfis Kd; N g Cwitj; J mtw; i w eh;rhpapy; tsh;ff ; Muk;gpj;jdh;. rpy Neuq;fspy;> epr;rakw;w kw;Wk; fbdkhd #o;epiyfspy;> mth;fs; gaph;fs; KOikahd Kjph;r;rp tUk; Kd;Ng mWtil nra;Ak; Mgj;jhd KbTfis> Fwpg;ghf mjpf msT caukhd gFjpfspy; Nkw;nfhz;ldh;. ghuk; g hpa gaph; f s; jpUk; g Tk; Gof; f j; j pw; F te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ghuk;ghpa gaph;fs; kw; W k; ufq; f s; ngUk; g hYk; fLikahd Neuq;fspy; jhq;fp tsh;gitahfTk;> g+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; Neha;j; jhf;Fjy;fs; kw;Wk; fLikahf gUtepiyfspy; vjph;nfhz;L jg;gpj;J tsh;gitahf cs;sd. mtw;wpd; gz;Gfspd; fhuzkhf> tptrhapfs; khdhthhp gFjpfs; my; y J vq; F jz; z P h ; gw; w hf; F iwahf cs;sNjh mq;Fk; ,e;j gaph;fis tsh;g;gjpy; tptrhapfs; Mh;tKilath;fshf cs;sdh;. gaph; epyq;fspy; cs;s tug;Gfs; kio ePiu

ghJfhj;J itg;gjw;fhd guhkhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. eLj;ju kw;Wk; jho;thd cauKs;s gFjpfspy;> cs;@h; Gw;fs;> rpWjhdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; gaW tifg; gaph;fs; gykhd Nth; mikg;G Kiwfis ngw;Ws;sjhy;> mit tug;Gfspy; gaphplg;gl;L kz;iz ,Wfg;gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L mhpkhdj;jpy; ,Ue;J fhf;fpd;wd. gUtepiy khw; w j; j pd; gad; f is fUj; j py; nfhz;L> epiwa kf;fs; kUj;Jt jhtuq;fshd mh; e pgpah ngd; j hkp> VQ; r ypf; f h f; s hf; f h> rh]; R hpah Nfh]; l ]; > gpf; N uhuha; r h Fh; u h> N gh N l h g py ; y k; n` f ;r hd ;u k;> m y;ypak; ];lhh;rpA> gpypa+Nuh];ngh;kk; VQ;rypNfhapl]; Nghd;wit mjpf caukhd gFjpapy; cs;s fpuhkq; f spy; tho; t hjhu tha; g ; G fSf; f hf rhFgb nra;ag;gl;lJ. gpNjhuhf;fh; khtl;lj;jpy; mjpf cauj;jpy; cs;s cs;s jh;kh kw;Wk; igahd;]; gs;sj;jhf;F kw;Wk; rhNkhypapy; cs;s epl;b gs;sj;jhf;fpYk; fhy;eilahf elf;Fk; Nka;r;ry; njhopy; gy tpiuthd khw; w q; f Sf; F cs; s hfpAs; s J. gUtepiy khw; w j; i j cs; s lf; f pa gy; N tW mk;rq;fspd; fhuzkhf kf;fs; ,lk;ngaUk; Neuq; f spYk; khw; w k; Vw; g l; L s; s J. fle; j fhyq;fspy; fhy;eilfs; xNu Nka;rr ; y; epyj;jpy; gy ehl;fs; Nka;jd. Mdhy; mit jw;NghJ gy; N tW my; i gd; Nka; r ; r y; epyq; f Sf; F Cl;lr;rj;J kpf;f Gw;fis Njb nry;fpd;wd.

KbTiu: gUtepiy khw;wq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; rthy;fis vjph;nfhs;s kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; kw;Wk; #o;epiyf;;F Vw; w hw; N ghy; rkhspf; F k; ; nray; g hLfs; Njitg;gLfpdw;d. gy ,lq;fspy; #o;epiyf;F Vw;whw;Nghy; mjid rkhspf;Fk; cj;jpfs; jhd; ey;y xU topahfTk;> gUtepiy khw;wj;jpdhy; cldbahf Vw;gLk; mr;RWj;jy;fis rkhspg;gjw;fhd topahf fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.

gUt epiy khw;wj;jpw;F Vw;w rkhspf;Fk; jpwd;fs; Fwpj;J kf;fspd; fUj;Jk;> gUtepiy khw;wj;ij Ghpe;J nfhs;tJk; Kf;fpakhdnjhU tprak;. ,Ug;gpDk;> Njrpa kw;Wk; rh;tNjr mstpy; cs;s nfhs;if jpl;lk; tFg;Nghh; kw;Wk; murhq;fq;fs; ,tw;wpd; kl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; #o;epiyf;F Vw; w hw; N ghy; rkhspf; F k; mZFKiwfs; kpfTk; mhpjhfNt vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpa mwpTk;> gUtepiy khw; w k; Fwpj; J ek; k plk; cs; s mwptpay; mwpNthL xUq;fpizg;gJ> gUtepiy khw;wj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; rpf;fy;fis jPhg ; g ; jw;fhd ekJ jpwikia fl;likg;gjw;fhd xU topahf vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ,d;Dk; epiwa mwptpay; hPjpahd Muha;rr ; pfs;> tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Njitahd jfty;fis ey;y Kiwapy; ngWjw; f hd jfty; mbg; g il mk; r q; f s; > Fwpg;ghf gUtepiy khw;wk; njhlh;ghf cs;@h; kf;fsplk; cs;s mwpT kw;Wk; mDgtq;fis gfph;eJ ; nfhs;stjw;fhd miog;ig tpLf;fpwJ.  Acknowledgments Authors would like to thank the Director, G.B. Pant NationalInstitute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development (GBPNIHESD), osi- Katarmal, Almora for providing facilities. R K Maikhuri G B Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Garhwal Unit, Srinagar Garhwal-246174, Uttarakhand. E-mail: rkmaikhuri@rediffmail.com P P Dhyani G B Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora- 243643, Uttarakahand %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2017> thy;a+k; 19> ,jo; 2

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

rPj;jh rhe;jh rpWjhdpa mWtilia Nkw;nfhs;fpwhh;.

rpWjhdpaq;fis mbg;gilahf nfhz;l fyg;Gg; gaph; rhFgb fhyepiy khw;wq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfis rkhspf;f fpU\;z re;jpu rhF rpWjhdpa Ntshz; rhFgb Kiwfis kPl;nlLg;gjd; %yk; xbrh khepyj;jpy; cs;s goq;Fbapd FLk;q;fs; fhy epiy khw;wj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfis Fiwj;Js;sdh;. rpWjhdpa Ntshz; rhFgb Kiwfis mbg;gilahf nfhz;l fyg;Gg; gaph; Kiwapy; r%fj;jpy; kf;fspilNa epyTk; Cl;lr;rj;J gw;whf;Fiw gpur;ridfSf;Fk; jPh;thf mikfpwJ. uhaf;fl;lh kw;Wk; NfhuGl; khtl;lq;fs; xbrh khepyj;jpd; gpd;jq;fpa fhs`hz;b> Nghyd;fph; kw; W k; NfhuGl; gFjpf; F fP o ; tUfpd; w d. fhy epiy khw;wj;jpd; Vw;w ,wf;fq;fspdhy; gpiog;gpw;fhd Ntshz;ikapy; <LgLk; tsk; Fd;wpa tptrhapfspd; tho;thjhuk; fLikahf ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpwJ. gUtepiyapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk;> Fwpg;ghf kio nghopT Kiwfs; kw;Wk; ntg;gk; Nghd;wit Ntshz; cw;j;jpia rPH;Fiyj;J> tho;thjhuj;ijAk;> czT cj;jputhjj;ijAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; kw;Wk; goq;Fb FLk;gq;fspd; MNuhf;fpaj;ijAk; ghjpf;fpwJ. gUtepiy khw;wq;fspd; tpisthf Vw;gLk; jhkjkhf epfOk; kiog;nghopT> jtwhd Neuj;jpy; 16

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 2 • [_d; 2018

nga;Ak; kio> ePz;l ehl;fs; kioapy;yhky; fha;r;ryhf ,Ug;gJ kw;Wk; NghJkhd kiog; n ghopT fpilf; f hik Nghd; w tw; w pd; fhuzkhf rhpthf Nkl; L g; g Fjpapy; cs; s khdhthhp epyq;fs; gy topfspy; fLikahf ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. njhlh;eJ ; epyTk; twl;rpahd #oy; kw;Wk; jhkjkhf nga;Ak; kio ,tw;wpd; fhuzkhf epyk; fha; e ; J Nghtjhy; mjpy; coT nra;tJ kpfTk; fbdkhf ,Uf;Fk;. 2-3 ehl; f Sf; F fLikahf kio nga; A k; Nky; kz; mbj; J r; nry; t NjhL> tpijfisAk; mbj;J nrd;WtpLtjhy; gaph; cw;gj;jp kpfTk; Fiwe;JtpLfpwJ. NkYk; Kd;djhtNt nga;Ak; kioAk;> jhkjkhf tUk; Fsph; fhyKk; uhgp

gaph; f Sf; f hd rhj; j paf; $ Wfis kpfTk; Fiwe;J tpLfpwJ. fhLfspd; gug;Gk; kw;Wk; chpa gUt fhyq;fspy; tpisAk; goq;fshd kh> gyh> ngh;hp kw;Wk; cz;zf;$ba fpoq;F tiffsp; cw; g j; j pAk; Fiwe; J tpLfpwJ. jhdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; gUg;Gtiffspd; cw;gj;jp Fiwe; J tpLtjhy; kf; f s; cz; z f; $ ba czTfspd; tiffSk; Fiwe;J tpLfpwJ. midj;J fhuzpfSk; xd;W Nrh;e;J kpfTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l goq;Fb FLk;gq;fspd; czT kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;J kw;Wk; mth;fspd; tho;f;ifAk;> tho;thjuhq;fSk; fLikahd mr;RWj;jYf;F cs;shfpwJ.

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tptrhap nrhy; Y k; “ nghJ tpdpNahfj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; muprp tPlb ; y; ,y;yhj rkaq;fspy;> rpWjhdpaq;fs;> fpoq;F tiffs;> fPiu tiffs; kw;Wk; fhLfspy; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; czTfs; vq;fis fhg;ghw;Wfpd;wd”. rpWjhdpaq;fspd; khwptUk; fhyepiy khw; w q; f is vjph; n fhs; S k; jpwDk; > mjpy; cs; s Cl; l r; r j; J kjpg; G k; > xJf; f g; g l; l tptrhapfSf;F czT kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fis mspf;fpwJ. ,e;j ghuk;ghpa kw;Wk; cs;@h; uf rpWjhdpaq;fis tpij tq;fpfs; %yk; ghJfhj;J NkYk; tsh;j;njLg;gNj vjph;fhy Fwpf;NfhshFk;.

ed;wpfs;: ,e;j jpl;lk; njhlh;ghd jfty;fs;> Gifg;glq;fs; nfhLj;Jjtpa jpU. mkpj; Fkhh; ehaf; kw;Wk; gp\; t hk; g h; rhF kw; W k; tptrhapfs; kw; W k; r%fj; j pd; gpujpepjpfs; kw; W k; tptrhapfs; kpfTk; ed;wpf;Fhpath;fs;. Krushna Chandra Sahu Head, Livelihood-Programmes Indo-Global Social Service Society 28 Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi E-mail: sahu@igsss.net

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