LEISA - Hindi - March 2019 by LEISA India

i'kq/ku mRiknu esa ts.Mj vkSj uhfr;ka % eqn~ns vkSj volj ,e- eatqyk] vkj- jaxky{eh o ds- FkfpukeqFkhZ

çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~

^^mRikndrk vkSj izHkkfork esa o`f)** ls gVdj ^^lekos'khdj.k vkSj lekurk** ds lUnHkZ eas yksxksa dh lksp cnyus ls i'kq/ku {ks= ij yksxksa ds n`f"Vdks.k esa ifjorZu gqvk gSA tc bls izHkkoh :i ls fØ;kfUor fd;k tk;s rks bls xjhch ?kVkus vkSj fodkl dks c<+kok nsus ds ,d ek/;e ds rkSj ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

5 iqjkus o u;s esa larqyu veunhi flag ,oa iz.ko dqekj

8 i'kq/ku mRiknu esa ts.Mj vkSj uhfr;ka % eqn~ns vkSj volj ,e- eatqyk] vkj- jaxky{eh o ds- FkfpukeqFkhZ i'kq/ku

i'kq/ku dks ,dhÑr djrs gq, Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh ,oa vk; dks lqjf{kr djuk ds- lqjs'k dUuk

11 i'kq/ku dks ,dhÑr djrs gq, Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh ,oa vk; dks lqjf{kr djuk ds- lqjs'k dUuk 14 tyok;q ifjorZu ds lkis{k ,dhÑr [ksrh % ,d dkexj mik; vpZuk JhokLro ,oa vt; flag

17 [kk| lEizHkqrk dh vksj ,d vkRefuHkZj iFk dqykLokeh txUukFk tsuk

vDlj izkÑfrd ikfjfLFkfrdh rjhdksa dks viuk dj fd;s tkus okys vf/kdka'k dk;ksZa ds ifj.kke LFkkbZ gksrs gSaA dqN lk/kkj.k ls vH;kl tSls& Ñf"k ,oa i'kq/ku dk ,dhdj.k nksuksa xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, ykHkdkjh gksrk gSA ;g ykHk mRiknu o`f)] ykxr esa deh] mUur ikfjokfjd iks"k.k vkSj csgrj Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh ds :i esa iznf'kZr gksrk gSA

[kk| lEizHkqrk dh vksj ,d vkRefuHkZj iFk dqykLokeh txUukFk tsuk

tyok;q ifjorZu ds lkis{k ,dhÑr [ksrh % ,d dkjxj mik; vpZuk JhokLro ,oa vt; flag cnyrh tyok;qfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lcls T;knk izHkko NksVs] e>ksys fdlkuksa ij gh iM+rk gS] D;ksafd ,d rks buds ikl [ksrh dh tehuas de gksrh gSa] nwljs buds ikl lalk/ku Hkh de gksrs gSa] ftlls budh fuHkZjrk ,dy [ksrh ij vf/kd gksrh gSA mÙkj izns'k ds xksj[kiqj tuin ds y?kq] lhekUr fdlkuksa us bu leL;kvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, tyok;q ifjorZu ls fuiVus gsrq ,dhÑr [ksrh ekWMy dks viuk;k vkSj mlls ykHkkfUor gq,A

vksfM'kk ds jk;x<+ ,oa dkykgkaMh ftys ds vkfnoklh fdlku [kk| mRiknu ds Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh lEcU/kh ekWMyksa dks viukdj vius [ksrksa ,oa viuh Fkkyh esa tSo fofo/krk dks izksRlkfgr dj jgs gSaA viuh Lo;a dh [kk| iz.kkyh dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, os vkRefuHkZjrk dh jkg ij py jgs gSaA

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ØãU ¥¢·¤... lEikndh;] fofo/krkvksa dks lesVs yht+k bf.M;k ¼fgUnh½ dk ekpZ] 2019 dk vad vkids le{k izLrqr gSA fiNys ,d n'kd ls tyok;q ifjorZu fo'o dh ToyUr leL;kvkas esa 'kh"kZ ij cuk gqvk gS ,oa mlds ifj.kkeLo:i vkinkvkas dh izo`fÙk esa gks jgs cnyko ds bl nkSj esa fo'ks"kdj NksVs e>ksys fdlkuksa ds le{k [ksrh ,oa vkthfodk ds LFkkbZRo dk ladV fnukasfnu xgjk jgk gSA gkykafd bl ladV ls fuiVus gsrq fdlkuksa us LFkkuh; o ikjEifjd Kku ds lkFk vk/kqfud Kku o foKku dk lekos'k djrs gq, fofHkUu xfrfof/k;ksa dks viuk;k gS] ijUrq vHkh Hkh mu xfrfof/k;ksa dk izlkj cM+s iSekus ij u gksus ds dkj.k O;kid ifj.kke ugha fn[krsA yht+k bf.M;k izeq[k N% Hkk"kkvksa& vaxzsth] fgUnh] rfey] dUuM+] mfM+;k] rsyxw] ejkBh ,oa iatkch ds ek/;e ls bu iz;klksa@vuqHkoksa@xfrfof/k;ksa dks ns'k ,oa fons'k Lrj ij izlkfjr djus dk dk;Z dj jgh gSA veunhi flag ,oa iz.ko dqekj }kjk fyf[kr ^îqjkus o u;s esa larqyu** if=dk dk igyk ys[k gSA bl ys[k ds ek/;e ls ys[kd}; us ?kqeUrw vkfnoklh leqnk; xqTtj dh izd`fr ls fudVrk] ikfjfLFkfrdh laj{k.k gsrq muds }kjk fd;s tk jgs iz;kl ,oa vius ns'kt Kku ds lkFk uohu Kku dks lekosf'kr dj vkthfodk LFkkbZRo dh fn'kk esa fd;s tk jgs iz;klksa dks n'kkZ;k gSA ys[k esa ;g Hkh n'kkZ;k x;k gS fd eq[; :i ls i'kqikyu ij vk/kkfjr ;s xqTtj leqnk; mlds ek/;e ls viuh vkthfodk dks fdl izdkj lqjf{kr ,oa lajf{kr dj jgs gSaA if=dk ds nwljs ys[k ^î'kq/ku mRiknu esa ts.Mj vkSj uhfr;ka** es ys[kdx.k ,eeatqyk] vkj- jaxky{eh o ds- FkfpukeqFkhZ us i'kq/ku ij vHkh rd miyC/k uhfr;kas ,oa dk;ZØeksa dk fo'ys"k.k dj ;g crkus dk iz;kl fd;k gS fd jk"Vªh; vk; o`f) esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys i'kq/ku ikyu esa efgykvksa dh eq[; Hkwfedk gksrh gSA ckotwn blds mUgsa dksbZ egRo ugha feyrkA vkt Hkh efgyk,a ek= dkexkj dh Hkwfedk esa gksrh gSa] i'kqvksa dh fcØh o mlls izkIr vk; ij fu;a=.k ;s nks dk;Z muds dk;Z{ks= esa ugha vkrsA bu ij vkt Hkh iq:"kksa dk opZLo gS o uhfr;ksa esa Hkh ts.Mj dh n`f"V ls Li"V mYys[k ugha fd;k x;k gS] tcfd ;g dne xjhch ?kVkus vkSj fodkl dks c<+kok nsus dk ,d l'kDr ek/;e gks ldrk gSA rhljs ik;nku ij ds- lqjs'k dUuk }kjk fyf[kr ys[k ^î'kq/ku dks ,dhÑr djrs gq, Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh ,oa vk; dks lqjf{kr djuk** gSA bl ys[k esa ys[kd us bl ckr ij fpUrk O;Dr dh gS fd i'kq/ku gekjh [ksrh] vkthfodk o thou ds LFkkbZRo dk ,d egRoiw.kZ vax gksrs gq, Hkh buds Åij jk"Vª vFkok jkT; Lrj ij mi;qDr uhfr;ksa dk vHkko gSA tcfd vkt vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd bUgsa tSfod [ksrh ds ,d egRoiw.kZ lalk/ku ds rkSj ij ekU;rk nsrs gq, mi;qDr o rdZlaxr uhfr;ka o dk;ZØe fu:i.k fd;k tk;sA blh dM+h dks vkxs c<+krs gq, pkSFks ys[k ^^tyok;q ifjorZu ds lkis{k ,dhÑr [ksrh % ,d dkjxj mik;** esa vpZuk JhokLro ,oa vt; dqekj flag us xksj[kiqj] mÙkj izns'k ds >axgk xk¡o ds ,d ,sls fdlku dh dgkuh dks izLrqr fd;k gS] ftlus [ksrh ,oa mlds fofo/k mira=ksa& i'kqikyu] x`gokfVdk] okfudh] m|ku vkfn dks ,dhÑr djrs gq, ,d rjQ rks viuh vkthfodk ,oa vius ifjokj dh [kk| lqj{kk dks lqfuf'pr fd;k gS rks nwljh rjQ tyok;q ifjorZu ds dqizHkkoksa ls fuiVus esa Hkh lQyrk ikbZ gSA ik¡pos o vfUre ys[k ^^[kk| lEizHkqrk dh vksj ,d vkRefuHkZj iFk** esa dqykLokeh txUukFk tsuk us vksfM'kk ds vkfnoklh fdlkuksa }kjk fofHkUu Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh ekWMyksa dks viukdj [ksrksa o Fkkyh esa fofo/krk dks c<+kus dk o.kZu fd;k gSA bl ys[k esa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd LFkku fo'ks"k ds fglkc ls xfrfof/k;ksa dk fØ;kUo;u lkeqnkf;d laxBuksa ds ek/;e ls djuk ,d LFkkbZ o vkRefuHkZj iFk gks ldrk gS] tks NksVs o e>ksys rFkk efgyk fdlkuksa ds fy, vf/kd dkjxj fl) gks ldrk gSA vUr esa if=dk ds vUrxZr 'kkfey ys[kksa ,oa vuqHkoksa dh mi;ksfxrk ,oa egÙkk ij vkids cgqewY; lq>koksa dh izrh{kk jgsxhA lEiknd e.My

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~

ÂéÚUæÙð ß ÙØð ×ð´ â¢ÌéÜÙ ¥×ÙÎèÂ çâ¢ãU °ß¢ Âý‡æß ·é¤ ×æÚU

yEcs] rxM+s] ixM+h vkSj rgen igus gq,] yky jax ls jaxh gqbZ yEch nk<+h] xkstjh esa ckr&phr djrs gq,] eD[ku esa Mqckdj eDds o cktjs dh jksVh [kkrs gq, yksx] feV~Vh vkSj fo'ks"k izdkj dh ?kklksa ls cus muds ?kj] viuh vkenuh ds izeq[k lzksr vius tkuojksa ds lkFk I;kj vkSj d:.kk] ftuds ik¡oksa ds uhps tehu vkSj lj ij vkleku & ,sls gksrs gSa] izÑfr ds fudV jgus okys xqTtjA

Ldwy ;wuhQkeZ esa rS;kj xqTtj cPps

QksVks % ys[kd

izÑfr ds lkFk lkeatL; cukdj thou fuokZg djuk LFkkbZ ,oa lqfo/kk;qDr rjhdk gSA Hkkjr ds mÙkjh Hkkx esa jgus okys xqTtj vkfnokfl;ksa us ikjEifjd laLd`fr;ksa ,oa iz.kkfy;ksa ds lkFk gh vk/kqfudrk dks Hkh viuk;k gS] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i ikfjfLFkfrdh iz.kkfy;ksa ,oa vkthfodk esa LFkkbZRo vk;k gSA

xqTtj ?kweUrq vkfnoklh gksrs gSa] ftudh lkaLÑfrd fojklr cgqr gh le`) gksrh gSA mudh viuh Lo;a dh os"k&Hkw"kk] ijEijk,a rFkk thus dh vknrsa] dyk ,oa f'kYi rFkk cgqr gh fof'k"V Hkkstu i)fr gksrh gSa] tks ,d {ks= ls nwljs {ks= esa jgus okys yksxksa dh vyx&vyx gksrh gSaA cdjokyksa ds lkFk xqTtj tEew ,oa d'ehj dk rhljk lcls cM+k leqnk; gSA Hkkjr dh tux.kuk] 2001 ds vul q kj ijws jkT; dh tul[a;k dk 7-5 ifzr'kr tul[a;k xqTtjkas dh gSA O;olkf;d :i ls ns[kk tk;s rks xqTtj leqnk; ds 62 izfr'kr yksx Ñf"k vkSj i'kqikyu dk dke djrs gSa] tcfd 2-8 izfr'kr ?kjsyw dkexkj vkSj 28 izfr'kr xqTtj vU; {ks=ksa esa 'kkfey gSaA buds }kjk dh tkus okyh vkfFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa dk izeq[k {ks= Ms;jh m|ksx gSA ?kweUrw yksxksa dks eq[; rkSj ij i'kq/ku ikyu ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA bl ckr dks vk¡dM+s Hkh iq"V djrs gSaA vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj ek= 0-85 izfr'kr tula[;k gh 'kgjh gS vkSj 'ks"k tula[;k xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa jgrh gS tks LFkkbZ i'kq/ku mRiknu ij iuirh gSA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~ 5

[kk| vknrsa

;|fi NksVs nqdkunkjksa dks gVkdj cktkj esa u;s mRiknkas vkSj cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;kas dh ck<+ lh vk x;h gS] fQj Hkh tEew ,oa d'ehj dh LFkkuh; tutkfr;ka bl izo`fÙk ls cgqr de fpfUrr gSaA os vHkh Hkh dqN n'kdksa igys tSls ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij gh Qy&Qwy jgh gSaA mnkgj.kLo:i] vHkh Hkh xqTtj yksx ^^uwu pk** vFkok ued okyh pk; dks csgn ilUn djrs gSa vkSj muds vkgkj esa ehBh pk; ds ckn ;g pk; fu;fer :i ls 'kkfey gSA bl pk; ds fcuk mudk fnu iwjk gh ugha gksrk gSA ^^uwu pk** tEew ,oa d'ehj esa ik;h tkus okyh dqN LFkkuh; vkS"kf/k;ksa dk feJ.k gksrk gSA muds ?kweUrq thou ,oa cktkj esa Lo;a dks izLrqr djus ds izfr mnklhurk ds dkj.k os vius ikl miyC/k lalk/kuksa ,oa vius }kjk mRikfnr mRiknksa esa gh larq"V ,oa vkRefuHkZj jgrs gSaA igkM+h {ks=ksa ij jgus dh mudh ,dkar thou 'kSyh us mUgsa izÑfr ds vkSj fudV jgus ,oa clus gsrq izsfjr fd;k gSA

ikfjfLFkfrdh dh j{kk djuk bl leqnk; }kjk ikfjfLFkfrdh ds laj{k.k ds fy, fofHkUu iz;kl fd;s x;s gSaA mUgkasus Lo;a ds Hkkstu ,oa i'kqvksa ds pkjs gsrq ?kus taxyksa o Åaph tehuksa dk iz;ksx xqTtjksa dh thou'kSyh dh rjg gh mudh [kk| vknrsa fcydqy fHkUu gksrh gSa] tks mUgsa ,d fof'k"V vkSj vf}rh; tutkfr cukrh gSa vkSj mUgsa ,d [kk| laizHkq tutkfr ds rkSj ij oxhZÑr gksuk pkfg,A Ñ 6

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~

i'kq LokLF; mUur djus gsrq feujy feJ.k ds mi;ksx dks fdlkuksa dks le>krs gq, MkW0 iz.ko dqekj

QksVks % ys[kd

vuktksa] xsagwa vkSj eDdk ds vfrfjDr os vius eq[; Hkkstu ds fy, vf/kdk¡'kr% nw/k ls cus mRiknksa ij fuHkZj djrs gSaA eDdh dh jksVh] xUgj@ljlksa dk lkx] yLlh] dykjh] dju vkfn xqTtjksa ds fiz; O;atu gSaA ;g vk'p;Ztud gS fd vf/kdk¡'k xqTtj 'kkdkgkjh gksrs gSaA

QksVks % ys[kd

pw¡fd xqTtj ,dkar ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa jgrs gSa] blfy, muds jgu&lgu dk rkSj&rjhdk] Hkkstu ,oa [kk| vknrsa izFkk thou ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ds izfr mudk n`f"Vdks.k xSj vkfnoklh yksxksa dh rqyuk esa fHkUu gks ldrk gSA ;g fHkUurk mudh vkgkj dh vknrksa esa ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA cnyrh Ñf"kxr iz.kkfy;ksa ds dkj.k] cgqr ls leqnk;ksa dh Qly iz.kkfy;ksa rFkk [kk| vknrksa esa ifjorZu gq, gSa vkSj xqTtj leqnk; esa Hkh bl ifjorZu dks ns[kk x;kA

csgrj i'kqikyu vH;klksa dks lh[kus gsrq mRlqd fdlku

fd;k lkFk gh taxy ds lkFk lkeatL; cukrs gq, [kkn :ih Hkkstu dh miyC/krk Hkh lqfuf'pr dh gSA bl izdkj ;s taxyksa ds lkFk larqyu LFkkfir djrs gq, jgrs gSaA jkT; ds egRoiw.kZ ou {ks=ksa dk irk yxkus] mudk fpUghdj.k djus vkSj ouksa ij ls voS/k dCt+k gVkus esa xqTtjksa us jkT; ou foHkkx dh dkQh lgk;rk dh gSA mUgksaus taxyksa esa isM+ksa dh vR;f/kd dVkbZ ds Åij foHkkx dk /;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k vkSj muds laj{k.k ds iz;klksa esa Hkh lgk;rk dhA blds vykok] os taxyksa esa jgus ;ksX; egRoiw.kZ LFkkuksa rFkk ewY;oku ouksRiknksa dh [kkst djus esa Hkh iFk&izn'kZd dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA

ikfjfLFkfrdh ls tqM+h vkthfodk eDdk igkM+ksa ,oa igkM+h {ks=ksa esa mxk;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g bl {ks= dh ,d m".kdfVcU/kh; Qly gSA eDdk dh [ksrh mu igkM+h {ks=ksa esa dh tkrh gS] tgk¡ ij cgqla[; leqnk; cls gq, gSaA eDdk buds eq[; Hkkstu ds rkSj ij gS] tks fo'ks"kdj tkM+s ds fnuksa esa 'kjhj dks xehZ o 'kfDr iznku Hkh iznku djrh gSaA vU; Qlyksa tSls & pkoy] xsagw] bR;kfn esa flapkbZ dh vko';drk gksus ds dkj.k

xqTtj Å¡ph igkfM+;ksa ij mPp iks"k.k ;qDr eDds dh [ksrh djrs gSa vkSj vius Hkkstu ds fy, LFkkuh; ouLifr;ksa ij fuHkZj djrs gSa] ftlls {ks= ds isM+&ikS/kksa esa dksbZ cnyko ugha vk;k gSA blds vykok] eDds dh ifÙk;ksa dks tkuojksa dks pkjs ds :i esa f[kykrs gSaA izoklh thou 'kSyh us mUgsa bruk l{ke cuk;k gS fd xfeZ;ksa ds nkSjku os vius tkuojksa dks ysdj ?kkl pjkus gsrq Å¡ph igkfM+;ksa ij pys tkrs gSa vkSj lfnZ;ksa ds nkSjku Hkkstu dh ryk'k esa eSnkuh {ks=ksa esa okil vk tkrs gSaA os lfnZ;ksa ds nkSjku eSnkuh {ks=ksa esa dhpM+ vkSj Qwl ls vLFkkbZ ?kj cuk ysrs gSa] ftls ^^dqykt+** dgrs gSa vkSj pkjs ij vius i'kqvksa dks ikyrs gSaA muds tkuojksa }kjk mRlftZr mRÑ"V [kkn ls tehu dh moZjk 'kfDr esa o`f) gksrh gS vkSj jlk;fud moZjdksa ds cgqr de mi;ksx ls gh vPNk ykHk izkIr gksrk gSA eSnkuh {ks=ksa esa] turk bu [kknksa dks ikus ds fy, xqTtjksa dks vius vkl&ikl gh clkrh gSA tc os Å¡ps igkM+h {ks=ksa ij okil ykSVrs gSa rks vius tkuojksa dks pjkbZ gsrq izkÑfrd pkjkxkgksa esa [kqyk NksM+ nsrs gSa vkSj tkuojksa ls izkIr vif'k"Vksa ls ogka dh tehu moZj gksrh jgrh gS] ftlls izÑfr esa iks"k.k dk larqyu cuk jgrk gSA os eSnkuh vkSj pkjkxkg {ks=ksa esa iw.kZ lkeatL; LFkkfir djrs gq, lgthoh lEcU/k ds vk/kkj ij jgrs gSaA xqTtj i'kq/ku fodkl ds fy, ftEesnkj izkFkfed lewg gSa] D;ksafd vf/kdrj i'kqikyu vkSj mRiknu dk dk;Z ;gh djrs gSaA xqTtj leqnk; esas i'kq/ku lEeku dk izrhd gksrs gSaA ftl ifjokj ds ikl ftruh vf/kd la[;k esa tkuoj gksrs gSa] og ifjokj mruk gh vf/kd le`) o lEekuuh; gksrk gSA blds vykok HkSalksa ,oa muds nw/k dks [kjhnuk o cspuk xqTtjksa dh ,d vkSj izeq[k xfrfof/k gSA xqTtj xk;ksa dh rqyuk esa HkSalksa dks ikyuk vf/kd ilUn djrss gSa] D;ksafd bu tkuojksa dh izÑfr dBksj gksrh gS] os foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks lgus dh {kerk j[krs gSa vkSj muds nw/k esa vf/kd olk gksrh gSA xqTtj HkSalksa ds nw/k ls ngh] ?kh] eD[ku] yLlh] iuhj] dykMh vkfn vusd izdkj ds ewY; loaf/kZr mRikn rS;kj dj csprs gSa vkSj bl izdkj os vf/kd ykHk dekrs gSa o vkRefuHkZj cus jgrs gSaA i'kq/ku mRiknksa] fo'ks"kdj nw/k vkSj nw/k ls cus mRiknksa dh

QksVks % ys[kd

budh [ksrh ugha dh tkrh gSA blfy, buds ikl dsoy eDdk mxkus dk gh ,d fodYi cprk gSA

csgrj i'kq LokLF; ,oa mRiknu ij xqTtjksa dks ppkZ djrs Nk=

fcØh xqTtjksa dh vkenuh dk eq[; tfj;k gSA muds ikl de ls de 30&40 i'kqvksa ds gksus dh fLFkfr esa mRiknu vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dk pØ LFkkbZ :i ls pyrk jgrk gSA nw/k dk miHkksx os Lo;a djrs gSa vkSj nw/k ls mRikn rS;kj dj csprs gSaA ewY; loaf/kZr mRiknksa dks rS;kj dj os lh/ks ?kjksa esa ys tkdj csprs gSaA cgqr ckj rks yksx ?kh] ngh] eD[ku] iuhj] dykMh vkfn [kjhnus ds fy, Lo;a Hkh xqTtjksa ds ikl tkrs gSaA gkyk¡fd bl le; nqX/k O;olk; esa cgqr ls cM+s&cM+s uke tSls enj Ms;jh] vewy] osjdk vkfn vius cgqr ls ewY; loaf/kZr mRiknksa dks cktkj esa mrkj jgs gSa] fQj Hkh {ks=h; Lrj ij vHkh nw/k ,oa mlls rS;kj mRiknksa dh 'kq)rk ds fy, yksx xqTtjksa ds Åij gh fo'okl djrs gSaA xqTtj vius ijEijkxr Kku ,oa tkudkfj;ksa dh j{kk djus ds lkFk gh uohu oSKkfud tkudkfj;ksa dks tkuus ds izfr Hkh mRlqd jgrs gSaA bl fn'kk esa tEew ,oa d'ehj ds i'kqikyu foHkkx] vU; lEcfU/kr foHkkxksa] Ñf"k foKku dsUnzksa vFkok iz{ks= foKku dsUnzksa] Ñf"k foKku ,oa rduhd 'ksj&,&d'ehj fo'ofo|ky;] tEew ,oa d'ehj vkfn ds ek/;e ls LoPN nw/k mRiknu] i'kq LokLF;] O;fDrxr ,oa i'kq LoPNrk] i'kq iks"k.k vkfn fo"k;ksa ij xqTtjksa dks izf'kf{kr fd;k x;kA mUgsa vius i'kqvksa ds fy, iztuu rduhdksa ,oa csgrj iqumZRiknu ds mi;ksx ij Hkh izf'kf{kr fd;k x;k gSA xqTtjksa dk ;g O;olk; cM+s O;kikfj;ksa@m|ksxifr;ksa ls izHkkfor ugha gS vkSj uk gh muds mRiknksa dh fcØh ij dksbZ izHkko iM+k gSA os iwoZ dh Hkkafr ykHk dek jgs gSaA ,d ifjokj 100 yhVj nw/k mRikfnr djrk gS vkSj LFkkuh; cktkj esa cgqr ls czk.Mksa ds mRikn gksus ds ckotwn mlds 'ks"k i`"B 10 ij----ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~ 7

ÂàæéÏÙ ©UˆÂæÎÙ ×ð´ Áð‡ÇUÚU ¥æñÚU ÙèçÌØæ¢ Ñ ×éÎï÷Îð ¥æñÚU ¥ßâÚU °×. ×¢ÁéÜæ, ¥æÚU . Ú¢U »æÜÿ×è ß ·ð¤ . Íç¿Ùæ×é‰æèü ^^mRikndrk vkSj {kerk esa o`f)** ls gVdj ^^lekos'khdj.k vkSj lekurk** ds lUnHkZ eas yksxksa dh lksp cnyus ls i'kq/ku {ks= ij yksxksa ds n`f"Vdks.k esa ifjorZu gqvk gSA bls izHkkoh :i ls fØ;kfUor djrs gq, blds ek/;e ls xjhch ?kVkus vkSj fodkl dks c<+kok nsus dk dk;Z c[kwch fd;k tk ldrk gSA jk"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gq, i'kq/ku jk"Vªh; vk; vkSj fons'kh eqnzk vftZr djus esa ;ksxnku ns jgs gSaA dqy 512 fefy;u i'kq/ku dh la[;k okys bl {ks= dk orZeku ewY; ij ns'k dh ldy ?kjsyw mRikn eas 4-11 ifzr'kr dk ;kx s nku gS tcfd Ñf"k] eRL; ikyu vkjS okfudh {k= s kas dk eYw; fujUrj c<u+s ds ckotnw budk ;ksxnku 23 izfr'kr gh gSA mPp dher okys i'kq/ku mRiknksa tSls & nw/k] ekal ,oa v.Mk dh ekax esa 2020 rd rhu ls pkj xquk dh o`f) gksus dh laHkkouk ds pyrs bl {k= s ds foLrkj vkjS fodkl ds volj vf/kd gAaS i'kq/ku efgykvksa dh vkthfodk vkSj ifjokj dh [kk| lqj{kk esa lg;ksx nsus ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ xSj Hkwfe mRiknd lEifÙk ds rkSj ij gksrs gSaA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa 70 izfr'kr ls vf/kd i'kq/ku NksVs] e>ksys fdlkuksa vkSj Hkwfeghu etwnjksa ds LokfeRo esa gksrs gSaA ,u,l,lvks (2014) ds vk¡dM+s ;g iznf'kZr djrs gSa fd Ñf"k esa yxs dqy xzkeh.kksa esa ls 3-5 izfr'kr xzkeh.k i'kq/ku mRiknu ds dk;ksZa esa layXu gSaA Ñf"k lEcU/kh xfrfof/k;ksa esa efgyk Jfedksa dh i'kq/ku mRiknu esa lcls cM+h fgLlsnkjh gSA dqy xzkeh.k efgyk Jfedkas dk 8-8 izfr'kr rFkk dqy xzkeh.k iq:"k Jfedksa dk 1-8 izfr'kr i'kq/ku mRiknu ds dk;ksZa esa layXu gSaA i'kq/ku mRiknu ds dk;ksZa esa layXu iq:"k Jfedksa dh rqyuk esa efgyk Jfedksa dh la[;k dkQh vf/kd gSA i'kq/ku mRiknu esa Lojkstxkj esa 'kkfey 14-7 izfr'kr efgyk Jfedksa dh rqyuk esa Lo&jkstxkjh iq:"k Jfedksa dh la[;k ek= 2-9 izfr'kr gh gS] tks ;g n'kkZrk gS fd Qly dh dVkbZ ds ckn i'kq/ku mRiknu xzkeh.k efgykvksa ds fy, nwljk 8

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~

lcls cM+k m|e gSA lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd fLFkfr;ka cnyus ds lUnHkZ esa vÑf"kr ¼xSj Ñf"k½ jkstxkj dh rjQ iyk;u djus okys iq:"kksa dh la[;k esa o`f) gks jgh gS vkSj vUrr% efgykvksa dks gh i'kq/ku ds lkFk&lkFk [ksrh dks Hkh izcfU/kr djuk iM+ jgk gSA i'kqikyu ds {ks= esa izcU/ku] Je] Kku vkSj LokfeRo ds lUnHkZ esa efgykvksa o iq:"kksa dh Hkwfedk ds chp fofHkUurk gksrh gSA blfy, iq:"kksa ,oa efgykvksa dh tkudkfj;ksa o fof'k"V Hkwfedkvksa esa mudh layXurk Hkh vyx&vyx gksrh gS] efgyk,a o iq:"k vyx&vyx izdkj ds i'kqvksa dks ikyrs gSa vkSj mRiknksa ij muds vf/kdkj ,oa fu;a=.k Hkh fHkUu&fHkUu gksrs gSaA lkekU;r;k efgyk,a NksVs i'kqvksa tSls & cdjh] eqxhZ] lqvj ikyrh gSa vkSj mudks cspus dk fu.kZ; Hkh ogh ysrh gSa o fcØh izfØ;k iwjh djus dk vf/kdkj mUgha ds ikl gksrk gSA izcU/ku vkSj mRiknu esa efgykvksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksus ds ckotwn] muds ;ksxnku dks derj djds vk¡dk x;k vkSj jk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa ,oa ;kstukvksa esa mudks dksbZ ekU;rk ugha nh x;h gSA [ksrh esa muds ;ksxnku dks ns[krs gq, uhfr;ksa ,oa ;kstukvksa esa mUgsa ekU;rk fnykus gsrq fd;s tkus okys 'kks/k ,oa v/;;uksa dh rqyuk esa i'kq/ku ikyu esa efgykvksa dh Hkwfedk ,oa ;ksxnku ds Åij 'kks/k ,oa v/;;u Hkh cgqr de fd;s x;s gSaA [kk| Ñf"k laxBu ¼,Q-,- vks-½ dh fjiksVZ esa ;g dgk x;k gS fd ;fn efgykvksa dks Hkh iq:"kksa ds leku lalk/kuksa dh miyC/krk djkbZ tk;s rks mRikndrk esa 10&30 izfr'kr dh rFkk mRikn esa 4 izfr'kr dh o`f) gksxhA 'kks/k] fodkl ,oa uhfr;ksa ds fy, lkexzh miyC/k djkus gsrq izcU/ku vkSj mRiknu esa efgykvksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksus ds ckotwn] muds ;ksxnku dks derj djds vkadk x;k vkSj jk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa ,oa ;kstukvksa esa mudks dksbZ ekU;rk ugha nh x;h gSA

ts.Mj ls lEcfU/kr eqn~nksa dks fof'k"V lUnHkZ esa le>us dh vko';drk gSA mRiknu ds lk/kuksa rd igq¡p ,oa mu ij fu;a=.k] mRiknd lalk/ku tSls & Hkwfe ,oa ty vkSj lsok,a tSls& _.k] chek] lwpuk] cktkj vkfn i'kq/ku {ks= ls lEcfU/kr dqN izeq[k eqn~ns gSa] ftu ij /;ku fn;s tkus dh vko';drk gSA nqX/k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh lnL;rk i)fr i'kq/ku {ks= ds fy, cuh uhfr;ksa esa efgykvksa dh de lnL;rk gksuk ts.Mj dh mis{kk dk ,d csgrj mnkgj.k gSA i'kq/ku mRiknu esa efgykvksa dk 90 izfr'kr Je yxrk gS] tcfd nqX/k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa esa mudh lnL;rk ek= 25 izfr'kr gh gksrh gSA

Hkkjr esa ts.Mj vkSj i'kq/ku uhfr;ka i'kq/ku dh uhfr;ksa dk v/;;u djus ij Li"V iznf'kZr gksrk gS fd fo'ks"kdj i'kq/ku mRiknu esa efgykvkas ,oa iq:"kksa ds ;ksxnku ds fo"k; esa uhfr;ksa ,oa tehuh gdhdr esa dksbZ lekurk ugha gSA uhfr;ksa ,oa dk;ZØeksa ds vkyksd esa irk pyrk gS fd 1990 ds igys rd Hkkjr esa i'kq/ku mRiknu ij cuus okyh uhfr;ka ^^mRikndrk o`f)** ij vk/kkfjr Fkha] ysfdu 1990 ds ckn ds gLr{ksiksa esa Hkkjr dh lajpukRed lek;kstu dk;ZØe ij vk/kkfjr n{krk n`f"Vdks.k dks viuk;k x;kA gkyk¡fd bu nksuksa gh n`f"Vdks.kksa ls u rks NksVs mRikndksa dks vkSj u gh efgykvksa dks dksbZ lgk;rk feyhA bu =qfV;ksa ij fopkj djrs gq,] Hkkjr ljdkj us X;kjgoha iap o"khZ; ;kstuk & 2007&2012 esa ^^lexzrk** o ^^lekurk** ds igyqvksa dks 'kkfey djrs gq, bls ^^lexz fodkl** dk uke fn;kA gkfy;k] jk"Vªh; i'kq/ku uhfr] 2013 esa Hkh ;g dgk x;k fd & i'kq/ku ds mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk esa ,d LFkkbZ rjhds ls o`f) dh tk;s ftlls fdlkuksa dh vkthfodk lqfuf'pr gks ldsA blds mn~ns';ksa esa ls ,d mn~ns'; ds :i esa& fo'ks"kdj efgyk ,oa NksVs fdlkuksa dh mRikndrk o`f) dks fo'ks"k rkSj ij mfYyf[kr fd;k x;k gSA uhfr esa vkxs fdlkuksa ,oa fdlku mRiknd lewgksa dh igq¡p laLFkkxr _.k rd lqfuf'pr djus gsrq la;qDr ns;rk lewg@Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dks izksRlkgu nsus dh ckr Hkh dgh x;h gSA ^^mRikndrk esa o`f)** ds ctk; ^^lexzrk o lekurk ds fy, n{krk** dh vksj cnyko gksus ls i'kq/ku {ks= esa Hkh yksxksa ds n`f"Vdks.k esa cnyko vk;k vkSj bls xjhch ?kVkus rFkk fodkl dks izksRlkgu nsus ds ,d ek/;e ds rkSj ij ns[kk tkus yxkA gkyk¡fd] uhfr;ksa dks pykus okyh

laLFkkvksa ,oa forj.k iz.kkfy;ksa us i'kq/ku uhfr;ksa esa cnyko gsrq lekos'kh fodkl dks ykxw djus ds vius n`f"Vdks.k dks ugha cnyk gSA lekos'kh uhfr;ksa dks ykxw djus ds fy, vfr lw{e vkSj lw{e Lrjh; laLFkkvksa esa bl deh dks ij bl deh dks laKku esa ykrs gq, cnyko fd;k tkuk vfuok;Z gSA rc] ;g iz'u Hkh mBuk LokHkkfod gS fd D;k flQZ lekos'kh n`f"Vdks.k viukdj gh i'kq/ku {ks= esa ts.Mj lEcfU/kr eqn~nksa ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA 12oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds vUrxZr] 2014&15 ds nkSjku 'kq: fd;k x;k jk"Vªh; i'kq/ku fe'ku i'kq/ku ¼,u-,y-,e-½ ds {ks= esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk dh x;h uohure igy gSA 7 dsUnz izk;ksftr vkSj 7 dsUnzh; {ks= ;kstukvksa dks la'kksf/kr ,oa fu;ek/khu djrs gq, jk"Vªh; i'kq/ku fe'ku dks rS;kj fd;k x;kA jk"Vªh; i'kq/ku fe'ku esa efgyk fdlkuksa dh i'kq/ku {ks= esa lgHkkfxrk dks yf{kr djus okys ,d vuqPNsn dks Hkh 'kkfey djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA ;kstuk ds lapkyu fn'kk&funsZ'k esa ;g Li"Vrk ls dgk x;k gS fd ^^tgk¡ Hkh laHko gks**] fe'ku dh izR;sd ;kstukvksa esa 30 izfr'kr efgyk ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks HkkSfrd :i ls ;kstuk ds vUrxZr ykHkkfUor fd;k tk;sA bl lUnHkZ esa] ;g vko';d gks tkrk gS fd i'kq/ku ds {ks= esa efgykvksa ,oa xjhcksa dks dsUnz esa j[krs gq, ts.Mj ds n`f"Vdks.k dks 'kkfey fd;k tk;A bl gsrq cgqr lh NksVh nkrk laLFkkvksa] ukxj&lekt laxBuksa ,oa futh laLFkkvksa }kjk vf/kd ls vf/kd la[;k esa lQy dk;ksZa vFkok ekWMyksa ls izkIr lh[kksa dk izn'kZu djuk vko';d gSA lcls vf/kd fof'k"V rks ;g gS fd bu igyksa ls ;g iznf'kZr gksrk gS fd mPp mRikndrk ds fy, rduhd rFkk foÙk ,oa LokLF; lsokvksa rd yksxksa dh igq¡p esa o`f) gqbZ gS] ewY; J`a[kyk ds fofHkUu pj.kksa esa yksxksa dh lfØ; lgHkkfxrk c<+h gS vkSj yksx lewg vkfn ds :i esa laxfBr gksdj mRikndrk ,oa foi.ku ls vf/kd vk; izkIr djus gsrq lkewfgd :i ls dk;Z dj jgs gSaA blls fuf'pr rkSj ij O;fDrxr] ikfjokfjd ,oa lkekftd Lrj ij ts.Mj dh Hkwfedkvksa ,oa lEcU/kksa esa ldkjkRed cnyko vk;s gSaA vr% fodkl ds fy, i'kq/ku vuqla/kku dks c<+kok nsus ls ts.Mj lEcU/kh eqn~nksa dks mBkus vkSj i'kq/ku mRiknu esa efgykvksa vkSj xjhcksa ds ;ksxnku dks ekU;rk fnykus gsrq iz;kl djus esa lgk;rk feysxhA leku o U;k;laxr fodkl ds fy, uhfr;ksa dks mUur cukus gsrq 'kks/k laLFkkuksa ls dqN egRoiw.kZ fuos'k ysuk vko';d gksxkA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~ 9

lUnHkZ czhFky] ih-,l- ,oa rustk oh-ds-] Hkkjr esa i'kq/ku {ks= % NksVs i'kqikydksa ds fy, laHkkouk,a ,oa pqukSfr;ka] 2016] Ñf"k 'kks/k gsrq Hkkjrh; dkSafly ,oa vUrjZk"Vªh; i'kq/ku 'kks/k laLFkku }kjk ^^Hkkjr esa NksVs Lrj ds i'kq/ku mRiknu % laHkkouk,a ,oa pqukSfr;ka** fo"k; ij vk;kfstr vUrjkZ"Vhª; dk;'Zkkyk eas iLzrrq fd;k x;k iisjA fØLVtkulu ih-] okVlZ&ck;j] ,-] tkulu] ,u-] frfiynk] ,-] ,utqdh] ts-] ckYVsuosd] vkbZ-] xzsl] Mh,oa eSdfeyu] ,l-] ^^i'kq/ku ,oa efgykvksa dh vkthfodk % gkfy;k rF;ksa dh ,d leh{kk**] 2010] fMLdlu isij la0 20] vkbZ,yvkjvkbZfeJk] ,l- ,oa fidk&fl;kekjk] ;w-] ^^Hkkjrh; i'kq/ku esa uhfr;ka ,oa dFku % xjhcksa ds ifjorZu gsrq vPNs vH;kl**] 2010] ihih,yihvkbZ ofdZax isij la0 50] ,Q,vks] jkseA °× ×¢ÁéÜæïU Âý×é¹ ßñ™ææçÙ·¤ U ¥æÚU Ú¢U »æÜÿ×è çÙÎðüàæ·¤ ·ð¤ Íç¿Ùæ×êÍèü ÿæð˜æ â×‹ßØ·¤ §·¤ æðÅðU €ÙæÜæòÁè Âýæð»ýæ× °çÚU Øæ °×.°×. Sßæ×èÙæÍÙ àææðÏ â¢SÍæÙ ÌèâÚU æ ·ý¤ æâ ÚU æðÇU , ÌæÚU æ×Ùè §‹SÅU èÅU ï÷ØêÅU ÙÜ °çÚU Øæ, ÌæÚU æ×Ùè ¿ð‹Ù§ü- {®® vvx, È¤ æðÙ Ñ ®yy-wwzyvww~/{~} ßðÕßæ§ÅU Ñ www.mssrf.org Climate Change and Ecological approaches LEISA INDIA, Vol. 19, No.2, June. 2017

------'ks"k i`"B 7 dk

lHkh 100 yhVj nw/k leku ykHk ij fcd tkrs gSaA tEew ,oa d'ehj esa reke mRiknksa ds gksus ds ckotwn Hkh xqTtjksa }kjk rS;kj fd;s x;s ?kh dh lcls vf/kd ekax gSA bl ?kh ds fy, yksx cktkj ls vf/kd ewY; dk Hkqxrku djrs gSaA bl ?kh dk Lokn vkSj [kq'kcw cgqr gh vf}rh; gS vkSj bls lajf{kr djus gsrq fdlh nok bR;kfn dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA ydM+h dh /kheh vkap ij nw/k dks /khes&/khes idkus ls vPNk ?kh rS;kj gksrk gS] ftldk Lokn Hkh cgqr vPNk gksrk gSA leqnk; dks u flQZ i'kqikyu dh dyk esa egkjr gkfly gS] oju~ og i'kqvkas dh fpfdRlk djus esa Hkh dkQh ekfgj gSaA os Lons'kh

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~

rduhdh Kku ds Kkrk gSaA mUgas euq";kas vkSj tkuojksa ds bykt ds fy, ik;h tkus okyh izkÑfrd tM+h&cwfV;ksa ,oa >kfM+;ksa ds mi;ksx dh Hkh vPNh tkudkjh gSA ;g Kku muds iwoZtksa }kjk ihf<+;ksa ls gLrkUrfjr gksrk vk jgk gSA izkÑfrd rkSj ij mxs ikS/kksa us muds jgus vkSj i'kqvksa ds bykt ij vkus okys [kpZ dks fuf'pr rkSj ij de fd;k gSA i'kqvksa ls izkIr mRikn uqdlkunk;d nok ds vif'k"Vksa ls iznwf"kr ugha gSaA lkFk gh bUgksaus i;kZoj.k ij thok.kquk'kdksa ,oa jlk;uksa ds c<+rs cks> dks Hkh de fd;k gSA

fu"d"kZ lp rks ;g gS fd xqTtj leqnk; dh mit vius iwoZtksa }kjk cuk;s x;s dqN fuf'pr vH;klksa ds mi;ksx ds ek/;e ls j.kuhfrd rjhds ls gqbZ gSA mUgksaus vke turk ds lkFk csgrj lEcU/k LFkkfir fd;k gSA yksxksa }kjk mUgsa cfLr;ka clkus ds fy, Hkwfe dk izLrko fn;k tk jgk gSA os nqfu;k Hkj esa gksus okyh ?kVukvksa ls cgqr de izHkkfor gksrs gSa vkSj izÑfr dh xksn esa] gjs&Hkjs okrkoj.k ds fudV vius i'kqvksa ds lkFk jgrs gSaA gkyk¡fd cgqr ls xqTtj cfLr;ksa esa LFkkbZ :i ls cl x;s gSa] fQj Hkh vHkh Hkh cgqr ls xqTtj ?kweUrq thou dk vkuUn mBk jgs gSaA ;|fi xqTtjksa dks vk/kqfud f'k{kk ,oa LokLF; lqfo/kk,a eqgS;k djkbZ tk jgh gSa] rFkkfi os vHkh Hkh viuh tM+ksa ls tqM+s gq, gSa vkSj iqjkus o u;s ds chp mfpr larqyu LFkkfir djrs gq, vius vkn'kkZsa dk vuqikyu djrs gSaA mUgksaus cktkj esa vius vkSj vius mRiknksa ds fy, ,d txg cukbZ gSA muds ikl phtksa dks djus dk viuk Lo;a dk vuks[kk vUnkt gSA mudh [kk| vknrsa@Hkkstu i)fr fcydqy fHkUu gSa vkSj blfy, mudh vyx thou'kSyh mUgsa [kk| lEizHkq vkfnoklh ds rkSj ij nwljs vkfnokfl;ksa ls fof'k"V o vyx cukrh gSA ¥×ÙÎèÂ çâ¢ãU ¤ U ÀU æ˜æ ·ë¤ çcæ çß™ææÙ °ß¢ Ì·¤ Ùè·¤ è àæðÚU -°-·¤ à×èÚU çßàßçßlæÜØ ¥æÚU .°â.ÂéÚU æ, Á ×ê °ß¢ ·¤ à×èÚU ÖæÚU Ì- v}v v®w §ü-×ðÜ Ñamandeepsinghvet@gmail.com Âý‡æß ·é¤ ×æÚU ¥çâSÅðU ‡ÅU ÂýæðÈð¤ âÚU , Âàæé ç¿ç·¤ ˆâæ °ß¢ ÂàæéÂæÜÙ ÂýâæÚU çàæÿææ çßÖæ» ·ë¤ çcæ çß™ææÙ °ß¢ Ì·¤ Ùè·¤ è àæðÚU -°-·¤ à×èÚU çßàßçßlæÜØ ¥æÚU .°â.ÂéÚU æ, Á ×ê, Á ×ê °ß¢ ·¤ à×èÚU ÖæÚU Ì- v}v v®w §ü-×ðÜ Ñpranavahe@gmail.com Food Sovereignty

LEISA INDIA, Vol. 19, No.1, March 2017

ÂàæéÏÙ ·¤æð °·¤è·ë¤Ì ·¤ÚUÌð ãéU° ·ë¤çcæ-ÂæçÚUçSÍçÌ·¤è °ß¢ ¥æØ ·¤æð âéÚUçÿæÌ ·¤ÚUÙæ ·ð¤ . âéÚðU àæ ·¤ ‹Ùæ izk;% izkÑfrd ikfjfLFkfrdh rjhdksa dks viuk dj fd;s tkus okys vf/kdk¡'k dk;ksZa ds ifj.kke LFkkbZ gksrs gSaA dqN lk/kkj.k ls vH;kl tSls& Ñf"k ,oa i'kq/ku dk ,dhdj.k nksuksa xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, ykHkdkjh gksrk gSA ;g ykHk mRiknu o`f)] ykxr esa deh] mUur ikfjokfjd iks"k.k vkSj csgrj d`f"k ikfjfLFkfrdh ds :i esa iznf'kZr gksrk gSA

fodklkRed vuqHkoksa ls ;g iznf'kZr gksrk gS fd laosnu'khy@uktqd ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fodkl dk jkLrk cgqr lh/kk ugha gksrk gS oju~ cgqr lh pqukSfr;ksa ls xqtjuk iM+rk gSA fQj Hkh ,sls cgqr ls rjhds gSa] ftudks viukdj bu pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVk tk ldrk gSA i'kq/ku ikyu ,d ,slk gh rjhdk gSA i'kq/ku yksxksa dks bu pqukSfr;ksa ls fuiVus dh iszj.kk nsrk gSA i'kq tks Hkkstu xzg.k djrs gSa vkSj xkscj dk mRltZu djrs gSa] og NksVs&e>ksys fdlkuksa ds fy, iks"k.k ,oa vk; iznku djus dk ,d lk/ku gksrk gSA xjhc ifjokjksa ds fy, i'kq/ku ,d cSad dh rjg gksrs gSa] tks mUgsa cpr [kkrk tSlh lqfo/kk,a iznku djrs gSaA v/kZ'kq"d vkSj 'kq"d Hkwfe;ksa ds mi;ksx vkSj izcU/ku esa i'kq/ku mRiknu ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] [ksrh ds lkFk mlds iwjd dh Hkwfedk esa i'kqikyu yksxksa dh vkthfodk dk ikjEifjd ,oa eq[; lzksr gksrs gSaA bl cgqi;ksxh mi;ksfxrk ds ckotwn] i'kq/ku dks ojh;rk fn;s tkus ds Åij Li"V :i ls dgha Hkh dqN ugha dgk x;k gSA ;gka rd fd fodklkRed dk;ZØeksa esa Hkh bls ek= ,d vk;tud xfrfof/k ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gS] tks bldh laHkkoukvksa vkSj fof'k"Vrk dks lhfer djrh gSA uhps nh x;h dgkuh esa Qly mRikndrk dks c<+kus vkSj Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh dks cukus ds fy, ,d eq[; rRo ds rkSj ij i'kq/ku izcU/ku ds fy, ,dhÑr n`f"Vdks.k dh vko';drk ,oa O;ofLFkr fu;kstu dks foLrkj ls crk;k x;k gSA

lfCt+;ka mxkus ds fy, tkuojksa ds vif'k"Vksa ls rS;kj [kkn dk mi;ksx

igy flaxksuksMkbZ ukxIifV~Vue ftys ds Fkkjaxeiknh rkyqd ds fFk:Ddknk;qj fodkl[k.M dk ,d NksVk lk xk¡o gSA yxHkx 60 ifjokjksa okyk ;g xk¡o o"kZ 2004 esa vk;h lqukeh rwQku ls izHkkfor gqvk FkkA ml rwQku esa Ñf"k Hkwfe ij leqnz dk [kkjk ikuh vk tkus vkSj dkQh fnuksa rd ty&teko gks tkus ds dkj.k e`nk esa yo.krk dh ek=k c<+ x;h FkhA bl le;] LFkkbZ Ñf"k fodYiksa dks izksRlkgu nsus gsrq NksVs fdlkuksa lkFk dke djus okyh ,d LoSfPNd laxBu dqMqEce us bl xk¡o esa fdlku fo|ky; ds ek/;e ls tSfod Ñf"k i)fr ds Åij fdlkuksa dk izf'k{k.k ,oa izn'kZu vk;ksftr fd;kA lgHkkxh rjhds ls lh[kus vkSj vuqHkoksa dks lk>k djus dh izfØ;k us bl xk¡o ds fdlkuksa dks tSfod [ksrh i)fr viukus gsrq mRizsfjr fd;kA fdlkuksa us feydj ,d tSfod lCth mRiknd fdlku lewg dk xBu fd;kA tSfod [ksrh i)fr;ksa dks LFkkbZRo iznku djus dh n`f"V ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~ 11

ladj iztkfr;ksa dh rqyuk esa mEcykpsjh iztkfr chekfj;ksa ds izfr vf/kd lgu'khy gSaA

ls tkuoj [kjhnus gsrq fdlkuksa dk _.k dh lgk;rk nh x;h rkfd os xkSew= o xk; ds xkscj dk mi;ksx djrs gq, vius [ksr ds fy, tSfod [kkn cuk ldsa lkFk gh xk; dk nw/k cspdj mUgsa vfrfjDr vkenuh Hkh gksA

i'kqvksa dk ikfjfLFkfrdh izcU/ku flaxksuksMkbZ xk¡o esa jgus okys Hkk"dju ,d ;qok o mRlkgh fdlku gSaA muds ikl 2 ,dM+ tehu gSA os vius Ms<+ ,dM+ [ksr esa ewaxQyh dh [ksrh djrs gSaA vk/kk ,dM+ [ksr esa ckyw vk tkus ds dkj.k og lfCt+;ka mxkus ds fy, T;knk mi;qDr gS vkSj blfy, os mlesa lfCt+;ka] fo'ks"kdj fofHkUu izdkj dh ykSfd;ksa dh [ksrh djrs gSaA mUgksaus tSfod lfCt+;ksa ds mRiknu ds fy, eq[; rRo ds rkSj ij i'kq/ku dks ,dhÑr djus gsrq lewg dh vxqokbZ djus dk fu'p; fd;kA mUgksaus o"kZ 2009 esa ifj;kstuk ds lg;ksx ls LFkkuh; uLy mEcykpsjh dh ,d xk; [kjhnhA mUgksaus LFkkuh; uLy dh xk; [kjhnus dks gh izkFkfedrk fn;k] D;ksafd os tkurs Fks fd ladj xk;ksa dh e`nk dks ifo= ekurs gSa vkSj i'kq/ku dks [ksrh esa lg;ksx djus gsrq ,d egRoiw.kZ rRo ds rkSj ij ekuk tkrk gSA 12

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~

rqyuk esa mEcykpsjh xk; esa laØked jksxksa ds izfr izfrjks/kd {kerk vf/kd gSA orZeku esa] muds ikl LFkkuh; uLy dh nks xk;sa ,oa ,d cNM+k gSA Hkk"dju vkSj muds ifjokj ds lnL; tkuojksa dks vius ifjokj dk ,d fgLlk ekurs gSaA os buds Hkkstu ,oa LokLF; dh ns[k&Hkky vR;Ur lko/kkuh ls djrs gSaA os bUgsa pjkbZ ds fy, [kqyk ugha NksM+rs gSaA Hkk"dju vkSj mudh ekrk izfrfnu izfr tkuoj ds fglkc ls yxHkx 20 fdxzk0 gjh ?kkl izfrfnu ,d= djrh gSaA dqy ?kkl dk yxHkx 50 izfr'kr os vius tehu ls ,d= djrh gSa vkSj 'ks"k ?kkl os lkewfgd pkjkxkg okyh tehu ls ysrh gSaA gjh ?kklksa ds vykok] izR;sd tkuoj dks izfrfnu 2 fdxzk0 xsagwa dh Hkwlh] 1 fdxzk0 vtksyk fefJr ewaxQyh dh [kyh vkSj 1 fdxzk pkoy dk vkVk f[kyk;k tkrk gSA blds lkFk gh vius [ksr ls ewaxQyh [kqnkbZ ds ckn os ewaxQyh ds lq[ks M.By dks Hkh bu tkuojksa dks f[kykrs gSaA os flQZ xsagwa dh Hkwlh vkSj pkoy dk vkVk gh cktkj ls [kjhnrs gSa] 'ks"k vU; lkefxz;ksa dks os vius [ksr ls gh iqupZfØr djrs gSaA ikjEifjd Kku dk mi;ksx dj tkuojksa ds LokLF; dks izcfU/kr fd;k x;kA Hkk"dju us ik;k fd fd viuh eka ls izkIr ;s ikjEifjd Kku tkuojksa ds LokLF; dks izcfU/kr djus ds fy, dkQh mi;ksxh gSaA [kqjidk& eq¡gidk jksx

mEcykpsjh iztkfr viuh rkdr vkSj etcwrh ds dkj.k mEcykpsjh iztkfr rfeyukMq ds fy, ,d mRÑ"V 'k"qd it z kfr gAS ;g it z kfr ewy :i ls rfeyukMq ds rVh; ftyksa tSls& fr:o:j ,oa uxkifV~Vue esa ik;h tkfr gSA /kku ds nynyh [ksrksa esa dke djus ds fy, NkVss dn ds tkuojkas ds p;u ds ifj.kke& Lo:i gh ;g it z kfr lkeus vk;hA rfeyukMq ds uxkifVV~ue ftys ds mEcykpsjh xk¡o esa bl iztkfr dk mn; gksus ds dkj.k bls mEcykpsjh uke ls tkuk tkus yxkA bl iztkfr ds cSy rirh xehZ esa 6&7 ?k.Vs rd dke djus dh {kerk j[krs gSaA ,d xk; izfro"kZ ,d cPpk nsrh gS vkSj bl izdkj og vius iwjs thou esa 10 cPpksa dks tUe nsrh gSA bl iztkfr ds xk;ksa ls fudyus okys nw/k esa olk dk izfr'kr 4-5 ls 5-5 izfr'kr ds chp gksrk gS vkSj nw/k cgqr Lokfn"V gksrk gSA ladj iztkfr ds vU; tkuojksa dh rqyuk esa mEcykpsjh iztkfr ds tkuojksa esa laØked chekfj;ksa ds izfr jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk vf/kd gksrh gSA viuh Ropk dks rt s h ls b/kj&m/kj ?keqkdj ;g vius 'kjhj ij cSBus okyh efD[k;ksa ,oa vU; dhM+ksa dks Hkxk nsrh gSA ;g fof'k"V fo'ks"krk dsoy blh iztkfr esa ik;h tkrh gSA bl iztkfr dks fodflr djus gsrq rfeyukMq ljdkj us 1954 esa ratkoqj ftys ds vksjFkkukMq esa ,d QkeZ dks LFkkfir fd;kA ckn esa blds ewy LFkku dks lajf{kr djus gsrq mEcykpsjh xk¡o ds ikl dksjDdbZ esa ,d u;k QkeZ fodflr fd;k x;kA ns'kh iztkfr ds teZIykTe dks lajf{kr djus dh n`f"V ls rfeyukMq i'kq/ku fodkl laLFkku ds ek/;e ls] o"kZ 2004 ds nkSjku mEcykpsjh tkuoj pjokgk la?k ds lnL;ksa dks 40 cPpksa (cNok@ cfN;k) (heifers) dk fu%'kqYd forj.k fd;k x;kA

dh jksd&Fkke ds fy, lko/kkuhiw.kZ mik;ksa ds rgr~ Hkk"dju us igys gh tkuojksa ds iSjksa esa uhe dk rsy yxk;kA blds lkFk gh mUgksaus xkscj ds miyksa ds lkFk uhe dh ifÙk;ksa dk /kqavk Hkh tkuojksa dks fn;kA

Qly&i'kq/ku ,dhÑr [ksr ls izkfIr Qly vkSj i'kq/ku ds ,dhdj.k ls Hkk"dju dks cgqr ls Qk;ns gq,A xk; ds xkscj vkSj [ksr ls fudys vif'k"V inkFkksZa dk iqupZØhdj.k djds yxHkx 15 Vªkyh [kkn rS;kj gqbZ] ftls mUgksaus vius [ksr esa mi;ksx fd;kA blls e`nk LokLF; esa mYys[kuh; lq/kkj gqvkA tSfod [kkn dk fujUrj mi;ksx djus ls e`nk dh ueh laj{k.k djus dh {kerk esa Hkh o`f) gqbZ gSA Hkk"dju xoZ ls dgrs gSa] ^^vki [ksr esa tkdj dgha ls Hkh ,d eqV~Bh feV~Vh mBk yhft,] mlesa vkidks cgqr lkjs dsapq, fey tk;saxsA ;g lc ?kj ij cuh tSfod [kkn dk deky gS] tks gesa vius

tkuojksa ls feyk gSA** mRiknu esa Hkh dkQh o`f) gqbZ gS] tks lfCt+;ksa dh xq.koÙkk ds :i esa lHkh dks fn[k jgh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] fpfpM+k dh yEckbZ igys dh vis{kk vf/kd c<+h gS vkSj mlds Lokn esa Hkh o`f) gqbZ gSA tSfod [kkn ds mi;ksx ls jlk;fud moZjdksa dk iz;ksx dkQh de gks x;k] ftlls fuf'pr rkSj ij mRiknu dh ykxr esa deh vk;h gSA Hkk"dju us crk;k fd cqfu;knh moZjd ds :i esa ?kj ij cuh [kkn dk mi;ksx dj og izfr ,dM+ :0 5000-00 rd cpk ldrs gSaA blh izdkj ?kj ij rS;kj dhVuk'kd dk mi;ksx dj mUgksaus izfr ,dM+ ykxr esa :0 3000-00 dh vkSj deh dh gSA nks xk;ksa ls izfrfnu yxHkx 8 yhVj nw/k fudyrk gSA ;g bl iztkfr dh lkekU; nqX/k mRiknu ls yxHkx nksxquk gSA izkIr 8 yhVj nw/k esa ls ,d yhVj nw/k dk mi;ksx ?kjsyw [kpZ ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA 'ks"k lkr yhVj nw/k dks vkl&ikl ds nw/k cspus okyksa nqf/k;ksa dks :0 28-00 izfr yhVj dh nj ls csp fn;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj og vius nks xk;ksa ls izfrekg yxHkx :0 6000-00 dh vk; izkIr djrs gSaA

fu"d"kZ Hkk"dju dk [ksr okLro esa ikfjLFkfrdh [ksrh dk ,d lQy mnkgj.k gS tgka izkÑfrd ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=ksa ,oa izfØ;kvksa dk vf/kdre ykHk mBkus ds fy, fofHkUu rRoksa dks ,dhÑr fd;k x;k gSA feV~Vh dh iwtk gksrh gS vkSj [ksrh esa lg;ksx iznku djus ds fy, tkuojksa dks ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVd ekuk tkrk gSA [ksrh vkSj i'kq/ku ds ,dhdj.k ls e`nk ,oa tkuoj nksukas dks ykHk gksrk gSA blls ,d rjQ tgk¡ nksuksa dks iks"k.k feyrk gS] ogha ifjokj dks Hkh lqjf{kr o ikSf"Vd Hkkstu feyus dh fuf'prrk gks tkrh gSA vkt budk iwjk ifjokj [ksrh esa yxk gqvk gSA Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh esa lq/kkj gqvk gS vkSj lcls egRoiw.kZ ckr rks ;g gS fd budh [ksrh vkfFkZd :i ls ykHkizn gSA vkt Hkk"dju ,dhÑr tSfod [ksrh ds fy, vkl&ikl ds {ks= esa vkn'kZ fdlku ds :i esa izfl) gSaA muls izsj.kk yd s j muds xk¡o ds yxHkx 15 fdlkuka s us vius [krs ds NkVss& NksVs VqdM+ksa ij tSfod Ñf"k djuk izkjEHk dj fn;k gSA ·ð¤ . âéÚðU àæ ·¤ ‹Ùæ ·é¤ Çé Õ× â¢0 vvx/vv}, âé‹ÎÚU ÚU æÁ Ù»ÚU , âéÕý×‡ØÂéÚU × ç˜æ¿è- {w® ®w®, Ìç×ÜÙæÇéU , ÖæÚU Ì §ü×ðÜ Ñ sureshkanna_kudumbam@yahoo.in Climate Change and Ecological approaches LEISA INDIA, Vol. 19, No.2, Sept. 2017

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~ 13

ÁÜßæØé ÂçÚUßÌüÙ ·ð¤ âæÂðÿæ °·¤è·ë¤Ì æðÌè Ñ °·¤ ·¤æÚU»ÚU ©UÂæØ

¥¿üÙæ ŸæèßæSÌß °ß¢ ¥ÁØ çâ¢ãU cnyrh tyok;qfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lcls T;knk izHkko NksVs] e>ksys fdlkuksa ij gh iM+rk gS] D;ksafd ,d rks buds ikl [ksrh dh tehuas de gksrh gSa] nwljs buds ikl lalk/ku Hkh de gksrs gSa] ftlls budh fuHkZjrk ,dy [ksrh ij vf/kd gksrh gSA mÙkj izns'k ds xksj[kiqj tuin ds y?kq] lhekUr fdlkuksa us bu leL;kvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, tyok;q ifjorZu ls fuiVus gsrq ,dhÑr [ksrh ekWMy dks viuk;k vkSj mlls ykHkkfUor gq,A

ifjorZu ds dqizHkkoksa ,oa mlls mRiUu tksf[ke dks de djds viuh vkthfodk dks csgrj cuk ldrs gSa vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ls fuiVus esa l{ke gks ldrs gSaA

[ksrh ij tyok;q ifjorZu dk izHkko [ksrh ij tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa dks NksVs] e>ksys fdlkuksa us eglwl fd;k] mls fcUnqokj bl izdkj ns[k ldrs gSa &  ckfj'k dh i)fr esa cnyko tSls& de o"kkZ] de

mÙkj izns'k dk xksj[kiqj tuin lkekU;r% ck<+ ,oa orZeku esa lw[kk dh vkinkvksa ls Hkh izHkkfor jgrk gSA vkerkSj ij cMs+ fdlkuksa dh vis{kk y?kq ,oa lhekUr fdlkuksa dh fofHkUUk rjg dh leL;k,a gksrh gSaA buds ikl vkthfodk ds volj de gksrs gSa] ifjokj dks ikyus ds fy, budh eq[; fuHkZjrk [ksrh ij gksrh gS] buds ikl [ksrh ds lalk/ku lhfer gksus dh otg ls [ksrh Hkh Bhd <ax ls o le; ls ugha dj ikrsA blds lkFk gh ,dy [ksrh ij iw.kZ fuHkZjrk gksus ds dkj.k cnyrh tyok;qfod ifjizs{; esa y?kq ,oa lhekUr fdlkuksa dh [ksrh ij tyok;q ifjorZu tSls& lw[kk] ck<+] o"kkZ] rkieku vkfn dk vlj vf/kd gks jgk gSA ifj.kker% fdlkuksa dh vkftfodk ij ladV vk tkrk gS vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd NksVs] lhekUr fdlku [ksrh ls foeq[k gksdj vkthfodk ds vU; lzksrksa dh vksj Hkkx jgs gSa ;k iyk;u dks etcwj gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa Ñf"k o vkthfodk esa LFkkbZRo ykus dh n`f"V ls Ñf"k&okfudh ,oa i'kqikyu dks 'kkfey djrs gq, ,dhÑr [ksrh ,d csgrj fodYi gks ldrk gSA oSls Hkh Hkkjr ess [ksrh ds lkFk i'kqikyu djus dk bfrgkl lfn;ksa iqjkuk gSA ;gka i'kqikyu [ksrh dk ,d vfHkUu vax gSA ,dhÑr [ksrh vFkkZr~ ,slh [ksrh] ftlesa Ñf"k ds lkFk mlls lEc/k j[kus okys vU; ?kVdksa ¼i'kq/ku] m|ku] ou] eNyh] eqxhZ vkfn½ dks Hkh tksMdj [ksrh djrs gSa] rks os viuh [skrh ij iM+us okys tyok;q

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~

le; esa vf/kd ckfj'k] ,d ls nwljh ckfj'k ds chp esa yEck vUrjky o vle; ckfj'k dk gksukA bu dkj.kksa ls Qlyksa dh cqokbZ dk le; ifjofrZr gks jgk gSA lkFk gh Qlyksa dh dVkbZ] eM+kbZ ,oa [kqnkbZ ij izR;{k izHkko iM+rk gSA urhtru mRiknu izHkkfor gksrk gSA  de le; esa vf/kd ckfj'k ds dkj.k ck<+ o ty

teko tSlh ifjfLFkfr;ka cu tkus ds dkj.k [kjhQ dh Qly Mwc tkrh gS vkSj jch dh Qly dh cqokbZ izHkkfor gksrh gSA  rkieku esa o`f) o lw[kk dh fLFkfr;ka mRiUu gksus ds

dkj.k [ksrh dh ykxr c<+rh gS vkSj ykHk dk vuqikr@izfr'kr de gks jgk gSA  rkieku esa mrkj&p<+ko ds dkj.k tk;n dh Qly

dh iSnkokj ?kV jgh gSA yrkoxhZ; ifjokj dh lfCt+;ksa dh xq.koÙkk ij lh/kk vlj iM+rk gSA lkFk gh [kj&irokj dk fu;U=.k ugha gks ikrk gSA  B.M iM+us dk le; cnyus o vof/k de gksus ds

dkj.k jch dh cqokbZ dk le; ifjofrZr gqvk] ftlls vkxs pydj mit izHkkfor gksrh gSA tyok;q ifjorZu dh mijksDr ifjfLFkfr;ka ,dy [ksrh djus okys NksVs] e>ksys fdlkuksa dks vf/kd izHkkfor djrh gSaA mudh [kk| lqj{kk [krjs esa iM+rh gS vkSj [ksrh ls mudk eksg Hkax gksrk gSA

Tkyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoks ls fuiVus gsrq ,d l'kDr ekWMy % ,dhÑr [ksrh mijksDr leL;kvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, foxr pkj n'kdksa ls jkT; ,oa jk"Vªh; Lrj ij LFkkbZ Ñf"k] ts.Mj] lekurk] efgyk l'kfDrdj.k] tyok;q ifjorZu tSls eqn~nksa ij dke djus okys LoSfPNd laxBu xksj[kiqj ,Uok;jUes.Vy ,D'ku xzqi us iwohZ mÙkj izns'k ds ck<+xzLr {ks=ksa ds y?kq] lhekUr fdlkuksa ds lkFk [ksrh o mlds mira=ksa& tkuoj] eNyh] Ñf"k& okfudh lHkh dks 'kkfey djrs gq, [ksrh dh ,dhÑr i.zkkyh ij dke djus dk fu'p; fd;kA blds rgr~ iowhZ mÙkj izns'k ds xksj[kiqj tuin ds lHkh ck<+ izHkkfor fodkl [k.Mksa esa y?kq] lhekUr fdlkuksa ds lkFk cSBdsa dj mUgsa ,dhd`r [ksrh iz.kkyh viukus ij tksj fn;k x;kA izR;sd 15 fnuksa ij vk;ksftr fdlku fo|ky;ksa esa ,dhÑr [ksrh ls gksus okys Qk;nksa dks crk;k x;kA blds lkFk gh fdlkuksa dks fo"k;xr izf'k{k.k fn;k x;k rFkk rduhdh tkudkjh ,oa vU; lg;kx s grsq Ñf"k foHkkx ,oa Ñf"k foKku dsUnzksa ls mudk tqM+ko Hkh djk;k x;kA bl ekWMy ds rgr~ fdlkuksa us ,d rjQ tgk¡ viuh [ksrh esa fofo/krk dks viuk;k] ogha i'kqikyu] Ñf"k&okfudh rFkk x`gokfVdk djus esa Hkh fofo/krk dks egRo fn;kA

fofo/krk ls uqdlku dh HkjikbZ xksj[kiqj tuin ds >axgk fodkl[k.M ds f'kocpu ;kno us ,dhÑr [ksrh ekWMy dks viukdj ,d mnkgj.k izLrqr fd;kA mUgksaus tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ls fuiVus gsrq [ksrh ds lkFk i'kqikyu] x`gokfVdk] okfudh] m|ku lHkh esa fofo/krk dks viukdj ,d rjQ viuh vk; c<+kbZ] ogha nwljh rjQ i'kqikyu ,oa Ñf"k vif'k"Vksa ls rS;kj ns'kh [kkn o

dEiksLV dk mi;ksx dj e`nk o ifjokj nksuksa ds LokLF; dks Hkh mUur fd;kA muds }kjk viuk;h x;h ,dhÑr iz.kkyh dks rkfydk 1 ls fuEuor~ ns[k ldrs gSaA

fu"d"kZ ,dhÑr [ksrh iz.kkyh dks viukdj f'kocpu vius ?kj dh [kk|] frygu] nygu o lCth dh vko';drkvksa dks rks iwjk djrs gh gSa] i'kqikyu ls mudks ?kj ds fy, i;kZIr ek=k esa nw/k&ngh fey tkrk gSA lkFk gh cspus ds fy, Hkh nw/k cp tkrk gS] ftlls mudh vk; esa o`f) gqbZ gSA ek= [ksrh dh fofo/krk ls gh mudh [ksrh ds ykxr&ykHk vuqikr esa 1 % 3 dh o`f) gqbZ gSA csgrj fu;kstu ls mudks vius i'kqvksa ds fy, o"kZ Hkj gjk pkjk Hkh miyC/k jgrk gSA bl iz.kkyh esa okfudh dks 'kkfey djus ls mUgsa ck<+ ds nkSjku i'kqvksa ds fy, gjk pkjk dh miyC/krk vklkuh ls gksus yxhA orZeku esa mUgsa vius i'kqvksa ds fy, iwjs o"kZ esa 372-30 dqUry gjk pkjk dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ftldh iwfrZ os fofHkUu ek/;eksa ls djrs gSaA blh izdkj x`gokfVdk ls tgk¡ mudks iwjs o"kZ vyx&vyx rjg dh rkt+h lfCt+;ka izkIr gksrh gSa ogha okfudh ls muds ?kj dh bZ/ku dh leL;k dk Hkh lek/kku gksrk gSA f'ko cpu viuh NksVh lh tksr eas ,dhÑr [ksrh djrs gq, Hkkstu] pkjk] js'kk] bZ/ku ,oa vk; lHkh izkIr djrs gSaA [ksrh] i'kq/ku] okfudh] x`gokfVdk vkfn fofHkUu ?kVdksa ds ,dhÑr [ksrh iz.kkyh ls gksus okys ykxr&ykHk fo'ys"k.k dks rkfydk 2 ds ek/;e ls n'kkZ;k x;k gSA fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd ,dhÑr [ksrh iz.kkyh viukdj fdlku tyok;q ifjorZu ds lkis{k vius uqdlku dks de djrs gq, ykHk dk izfr'kr@vuqikr c<+k ldrk gSA

ÌæçÜ·¤ æ v Ñ °·¤ è·ë¤ Ì æðÌè Âý‡ææÜè ×ð´ çßçßÏÌæ »çÌçßçÏØæ¡ ¹ðÌè ·ð¤ SÌÚU ÂÚU

çßçßÏÌæ ¹ÚU èÈ¤ Ñ ÏæÙ, ×ÇéU ¥æ, âæ¢ßæ, ·¤ æðÎæð °ß¢ ¿ÚU è ÚU Õè Ñ ¥æÜê, ŠæçÙØæ, ÜãU âêÙ, ŒØæÁ, »ðãê¡U , ×ÅU ÚU , âÚU âæð´, ×êÜè, àæÜÁ×, »æðÖè, ç×¿ü °ß¢ ÕÚU âè× ÁæØÎ Ñ Üæñ·¤ è, ·¤ ÚñU Üæ, ÅU ×æÅU ÚU , ¿ÚU è °ß¢ Õñ»Ù ·¤ æÕüçÙ·¤ °ß¢ Îðàæè ¹æÎæð´ ·¤ æ ¥çÏ·¤ ÂýØæð» Âàæé¥æð´ ·¤ è â´ Øæ ®| (®w Öñ´â, ®x »æØ, ®w ÕçÀU Øæ °ß¢ ®v ÂçÇ¸U Øæ) ÂðÇU ¸ æð´ ·¤ è â¢ Øæ °ß¢ Âý·¤ æÚU ×ð´ ßëçf (ÕÕêÜ, âèƒæéÚU , Á¢»Ü ÁÜðÕè °ß¢ ·é¤ ¢àæ) Áæð ©U »ð ãéU ° ãñ´U Ð (z®-zz ÂðÇ¸U ) ç×¿ü, ÅU ×æÅU ÚU , ·é¤ ãU Ç¸U æ, ŠæçÙØæ, ÌæðÚU §ü, ·¤ ÚñU Üæ °ß¢ Üæñ·¤ è ©U læÙ ·ð¤ SÌÚU ÂÚU ¥×M¤ Î x®, ÕðÜ ®v, ¥æ¢ßÜæ ®z, ¥ÙæÚU ®w, ÙèÕê ®w, ·¤ Î× ®v °ß¢ ÂÂèÌæ

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~ 15

ÌæçÜ·¤ æ w Ñ °·¤ è·ë¤ Ì ¹ðÌè Âý‡ææÜè Ñ Üæ»Ì ÜæÖ çßàÜðcæ‡æ (L¤ 0 ×ð´) çßßÚU ‡æ

Üæ»Ì

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Üæ»Ì-ËææÖ ¥ÙéÂæÌ v,w®,vvz ~®,}zz/- vÑx.v vy,|®® v®,|wv/- vÑw.| v,y|,®®® {z,w{~/- vÑ®.} {,w®® {,®|z/- vÑy} vv,zv® v®,~v®/- vÑv} ~,x{® },vvz/- vÑ{.z },wz® z,|z®/- vÑw.x x,wz,vxz ~|,{~z/- vÑ{

Issues and Themes of LEISA INDIA Published in English 2001-2017 V.3, No. 1, 2001 - Coping with disaster V.3, No. 2, 2001 - Go global stay local V.3, No. 3, 2001 - Lessons in scaling up V.3, No. 4, 2001 - Biotechnology V.4, No. 1, 2002 Managing Livestock V.4, No. 2, 2002 - Rural Communication V.4, No. 3, 2002 - Recreating living soil V.4, No. 4, 2002 - Women in agriculture V.5, No. 1, 2003 - Farmers Field School V.5, No. 2, 2003 - Ways of water harvesting V.5, No. 3, 2003 - Access to resources V.5, No. 4, 2003 - Reversing Degradation V.6, No. 1, 2004 - Valuing crop diversity V.6, No. 2, 2004 - New generation of farmers V.6, No. 3, 2004 - Post harvest Management V.6, No. 4, 2004 - Farming with nature

uksV % okfudh 7 o"kZ iqjkuh gS tcfd m|ku 5 o"kZ iqjkuh gSA

V.7, No. 1, 2005 - On Farm Energy V.7, No. 2, 2005 - More than Money V.7, No. 3, 2005 - Contribution of Small Animals V.7, No. 4, 2005 - Towards Policy Change

vkt mudh igpku u flQZ vius tuin esa oju~ vkl&ikl ds tuinksa esa Hkh ,d vuqHkoh fdlku ds rkSj ij gSA os ekLVj Vsªuj ds rkSj ij Ñf"k foHkkx] Ñf"k foKku dsUnz ,oa vU; laLFkkvksa esa viuh lsok,a nsrs gSaA muds dkeksa ls iszj.kk ysdj vkl&ikl ds xk¡oksa ,oa vU; tuinksa esa Hkh yksx ,dhÑr [ksrh ekWMy dks viuk jgs gSa vkSj tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkkoksa ls fuiVus esa l{ke gks jgs gSaA

V.8, No. 1, 2006 - Documentation for Change V.8, No. 2, 2006 - Changing Farming Practices V.8, No. 3, 2006 - Knowledge Building Processes V.8, No. 4, 2006 - Nurturing Ecological Processes

¥¿üÙæ ŸæèßæSÌß °ß¢ ¥ÁØ ·é¤ ×æÚU çâ¢ãU ÂçÚU ØæðÁÙæ â æ‹ßØ·¤ »æðÚU ¹ÂéÚU °ÙßæØÚU ‹×ð‹ÅU Ü °€àæÙ »ýýéÂ, »æðÚU æÂéÚU

V.9, No. 1, 2007 - Farmers Coming together V.9, No. 2, 2007 - Securing Seed Supply V.9, No. 3, 2007 - Healthy Produce, People and Environment V.9, No. 4, 2007 - Ecological Pest Management V.10, No. 1, 2008 -Towards Fairer Trade V.10. No. 2, 2008 - Living soils V.10, No. 3, 2008 - Farming and Social Inclusion V.10, No. 4, 2008 - Dealing with Climate Change V.11, No. 1, 2009 - Farming Diversity V.11, No. 2, 2009 - Farmers as Entrepreneurs V.11, No. 3, 2009 - Women and Food Sovereignty V.11, No. 4, 2009 - Scaling up and sustaining the gains V.12, No.1, 2010 - Livestock for sustainable livelihoods V.12, No.2, 2010 - Finance for farming V.12, No.3, 2010 - Managing water for sustainable farming V.13, No.1, 2011 - Youth in farming V.13, No.2, 2011 - Trees and farming V.13, No.3, 2011 - Regional Food System V.13, No.4, 2011 - Securing Land Rights V.14, No.1, 2012 - Insects as Allies V.14, No.2, 2012 - Greening the Economy V.14, No.3, 2012- Farmer Organisations V. 14, No.4, 2012- Combating Desertification V. 15, No.1, 2013- SRI: A scaling up success V. 15, No.2, 2013- Farmers and market V. 15, No.3, 2013- Education for change V. 15, No.4, 2013- Strengthening family farming V. 16, No. 1, 2014- Cultivating farm biodiversity V. 16, No. 2, 2014- Family farmers breaking out of poverty V. 16, No. 3, 2014- Family farmers and sustainable landscapes V. 16, No. 4, 2014- Family farming and nutrition V. 17, No. 1, 2015- Soils for life V. 17, No. 2, 2015- Rural-urban linkages V. 17, No. 3, 2015- Water-lifeline for livelihoods V. 17, No. 4, 2015- Women forging change V. 18, No. 1, 2016- Co-creation to knowledge V. 18, No. 2, 2016- Valuing underutilised crops V. 18, No. 3, 2016- Agroecology-Measurable and sustainable V. 18, No. 4, 2016- Stakeholders in agroecology V. 19, No. 1, 2017- Food Sovereignty V. 19, No. 2, 2017- Climate Change and Ecological appraches V. 19, No. 3, 2017- Ecological Livestock V. 19, No. 4, 2017- Millet Farming Systems

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~

QksVks % ys[kd

dk'khiqj esa fdlkuksa dh okilh fefJr [ksrh dh vksj

¹æl â ÂýÖéÌæ ·¤è ¥æðÚU °·¤ ¥æˆ×çÙÖüÚU ÂÍ ·é¤ ÜæSßæ×è Á»‹ÙæÍ ÁðÙæ vksfM'kk ds jk;x<+ ,oa dkykgkaMh ftys ds vkfnoklh fdlku [kk| mRiknu ds d`f"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh lEcU/kh ekWMyksa dks viukdj vius [ksrksa ,oa viuh Fkkyh esa tSo fofo/krk dks izksRlkfgr dj jgs gSaA viuh Lo;a dh [kk| iz.kkyh dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, os vkRefuHkZjrk dh jkg ij py jgs gSaA vksfM'kk ds jk;x<+ vkSj dkykgkaMh ftys ds vkfnoklh fdlku Hkw[k] Hkw[kejh ds dkj.k ekSrsa] lw[kk] ca/kqvk etnwjh] tcjnLrh iyk;u vkfn cgqr lh pqukSfr;ksa dk

lkeuk dj jgs gSaA buesa ls cgqr ls fdlkuksa dks Hkwfe lq/kkj dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr ljdkj }kjk tehu ds NksVs&NksVs VqdM+s fn;s x;s] ftu ij os dHkh Hkh [ksrh ugha dj ldrsA bl {ks= esa jkstxkj ds volj cgqr lhfer gksus ds dkj.k ;s fdlku [ksfrgj etnwjh rFkk blh izdkj ds vU; dk;ksZa dks djus gsrq vU;= iyk;u djrs gSaA bl leqnk; dks okil [ksrh ls tksM+us rFkk [kk| lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus gsrq lgk;rk nsus ds fy, LFkkuh; Lrj dh ,d LoSfPNd laxBu vxzxkeh [kk| mRiknu ds ifjokj ,oa leqnk; vk/kkfjr Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh lEcU/kh ekMyksa dks izksRlkfgr dj jgh gSaA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~ 17

oSdfYid LFkkuh; [kk| mRiknu igy eksVs vukt vkSj nygu vksfM'kk ds lw[kk {ks= esa mxk;h o [kk;h tkus okyh izeq[k Qlysa gSaA Hkkjr esa xsagwa vkSj pkoy ekMy ij vk/kkfjr lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh ls ;gka ds vkfnoklh fdlkuksa dks dksbZ Qk;nk ugha gSA vxzxkeh laLFkk us ,d oSdfYid [kk| mRiknu ,oa Hk.Mkj.k iz.kkyh ¼,-,Q-ih-,l-,l-½ ij jk;x<+ ,oa dkykgkaMh ftys dh vkfnoklh efgyk fdlkuksa dks laxfBr dj 115 efgyk Lo;alsoh laxBu rS;kj fd;kA mUgksaus fu.kZ; fd;k fd dksbZ ,slk fodYi gksuk pkfg,] tks lcls vyx gks vkSj [kk| lqj{kk ,oa lEizHkqrk ds ckjs esa fofHkUu fopkjksa ij vk/kkfjr gks] ftls lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh }kjk viuk;k x;k gksA ,-,Q-ih-,l-,l- ekWMy esa dk;Z ds igys pj.k esa] Ålj Hkw&[k.Mksa ij esM+cUnh] xgjh tqrkbZ ,oa e`nk dh Åijh ijr dks moZj cukus vkfn ls lEcfU/kr dk;ksZa dks lEikfnr fd;k x;kA vxzxkeh }kjk LFkkfir cht@vukt cSad ls fdlkuksa dks cht _.k iznku fd;k x;k] ftls muds }kjk vukt ds :i esa okil djus dh vko';drk gksxhA vxys pj.k esa ns'kt chtksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, bl tehu ij ikjEifjd vkSj tSo fofo/k [ksrh dh x;hA ,d ckj Qly dh dVkbZ ds ckn] yksx fy;s x;s cht _.k dks vukt ds :i esa

vxzxkeh ds fiNys rhu n'kdksa ds iz;klksa ls ;g iznf'kZr gksrk gS fd tSo&fofo/k] tSfod o izkÑfrd [ksrh izfr ,dM+ vf/kd iks"k.k mRikfnr dj jgh gS vFkkZr~ Hkwfe dh izfr bdkbZ ls vf/kd LokLF; ykHk fey jgk gSA gky gh ds tehuh Lrj ij fd;s x;s vkdyu ;g n'kkZrs gSa fd viuh cht j[kus okys] jlk;u eqDr [ksrh djus okys ikfjfLFkfrdh [ksrh djus okys o lk>k O;kikj djus okys NksVs&e>ksys fdlku ckgjh chtksa] jlk;uksa ,oa [ksrh ds vU; fuos'kksa gsrq cktkj ij fuHkZj djus okys vius tSls vU; fdlkuksa dh rqyuk esa 5 xquk vf/kd vkenuh vftZr djrs gSaA bu NksVs&e>ksys fdlkuksa us fcuk fcpkSfy;ksa dh enn ds LFkkuh; [kk| mRiknksa dks 'kgjksa esa cspus gsrq fdlku mRiknd lx a Bu ds ek/;e ls miHkkDsrk&mRiknd ds chp izR;{k lEcU/k LFkkfir fd;k gSA bu laxBuksa us vius [ksrksa ij tSo fofo/krk dks c<+k;k gS] ftlls mudh Fkkyh ds Hkkstu dh Hkh tSo fofo/krk c<+h gS] ftlls budks u dsoy iks"k.k fey jgk gS] oju~ [kk| lEizHkqrk Hkh izkIr gks jgh gSA

lkeqnkf;d vukt dks"k esa okil dj nsrs gSaA bl lkeqnkf;d vukt dks"k ls [kk| ladV ds fnuksa esa u dsoy vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa dh [kk| lqj{kk lqfuf'pr gksrh gS] oju~ [kk| lEizHkqrk dks izkIr djus gsrq fofo/k ikjEifjd Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh xfrfof/k;ksa dks Hkh c<+kok feyrk gSA QksVks % ys[kd

,d NksVs ls [ksr ij eksVs vuktksa dh fefJr [ksrh

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ×æ¿ü w®v~