LEISA India - Tamil - March 2021 by LEISA India

,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

yP r h ,e; j pah jkpo; rpwg;gpjo; This issue in Tamil is a translated version of LEISA India magazine. This includes selected articles from LEISA India, originally published in English. Address : ame Foundation No. 204, 100 Feet Ring Road, 3rd Phase, Banashankari 2nd Block, 3rd Stage, Bangalore - 560 085, India Tel:

+91-080- 2669 9512, +91-080- 2669 9522

Fax:

+91-080- 2669 9410

E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in

Leisa India Chief Editor : K.V.S. Prasad Managing Editor : T.M. Radha

yPrh vd;gJ Fiwe;j ntspapL nghUs; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. Rw;Wr;RoYf;F cfe;j topfspy; cw;gj;jpiaAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; ngUf;f tpUk;Gk; coth;fSf;F njhopw;El;g kw;Wk; r%f hPjpapyhd tha;g;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;Ffis msTld; gad;gLj;jp Njitg;gLk; NghJ ghJfhg;ghd msT ntspaPL nghUl;fis jpwd;gl ifahs;tjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; coth;fis> me;j r%fj;ij Ragyk; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rf;jp kpf;fth;fshfTk; khw;wp mjd;%yk; mth;fspd; vjph;fhyj;ij jq;fs; nrhe;j mwpT> jpwik>kjpg;gL P > fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis mikf;f cjTtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ khwptUk; #oy;fs; kw;Wk; NjitfSf;F Vw;g coth;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju gq;Fjhuh;fspd; jpwikfs;> gq;Nfw;G mZFKiwfs; %yk; gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk;> mwptpay; g+h;tkhd mwpitAk; ,izj;J mjd;%yk; nfhs;if cUthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp vjph;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;FtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ xU fUj;J> xU mZFKiw kw;Wk; tpNtfkhd nra;jp.

Translated by N. Lalitha Sakthivel Translation coordination Veena Markande Administration Rukmini G. G. Design and Layout M.S. Vasanth Christopher Printing Blustream Printing India (P) Ltd., Bangalore Cover photo Paravva of Galagi village with her home grown vegetables. Photo Credit: AMEF Different editions

• Regional Editions Telugu, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi and Oriya • Farming Matters The Global edition in English • LEISA Revista de Agroecologia The Latin American edition in Spanish • LEISA India The Indian edition in English • AGRIDAPE The West African edition in French • Agriculturas, Experiencias em Agroecologia The Brazilian edition in Portuguese The editors have taken every care to ensure that the contents of this magazine are as accurate as possible. The authors have ultimate responsibility, however, for the content of individual articles. The editors encourage readers to photocopy and circulate magazine articles.

Supported by MISEREOR, Published by AME Foundation yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

kpnrshpah; vd;gJ tsh;r;rp xj;Jiog;gpw;fhf> n[h;kdp ehl;by; cs;s fj; N jhypf; f ghjphpahh; f shy; 1958 Mk; Mz; b y; epWtg; g l; l Xh; epWtdkhFk;. kpnrshpah; fle;j 50 tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf Mg;gphpf;fh> Mrpah kw; W k; yj; j P d ; mnkhpf; f ehLfspy; Vo; i k xopg; g jw; f hd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jd;id mh;gzpj;J gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. kjk;> ehfhPfk;> ghypdk; vd;w ve;j NtWghby;yhky; kdpj Fyj;jpd; Njitf;F jdJ cjtpia mspj;J tUfpwJ. Vio kw;Wk; gpd;jq;fpa kf;fs;> jhq;fshf Jtf;Fk; ve;j xU Kaw;rpf;Fk; MjuT nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;GfpwJ. cs;@h; $l;lhspfSld;> Fwpg;ghf fpUj;Jt Nfhapy;fNshL njhlh;Gila epWtdq;fs;> muR rhuh epWtdq;fs;> r%f ,af;fq;fs;> Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;NwhL ,ize;J gzpahw;Wtij tpUk;GfpwJ. gadhspfNshL ,ize;J> mjd; $l;lhspfs; cs;@h; ts Nkk;ghl;L Kiwfspy; cjtpAk;> jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jpAk; tUfpd;wdh;. ,t;topahfNt> kpnrshpah; jdJ $l; l hspfSld; ,ize; J njhlh; r ; r pahf khwptUk; rthy; f is vjph;nfhs;fpwJ. www.misereor.de; www.misereor.org V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Fiwe; j ntspapL nghUs; %yk; ,aw; i f ts Mjhuq; f s; Nkyhz; i kf; f hf ghuk; g hpa mwpitAk; > Gjpa fz; L gpbg; G njhopw; E l; g q; f isAk; xd; w pizj; J epiyj; j tho; t hjhug; gzpfis ngUf; F tjpy; <Lgl; L tUfpwJ. V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Ntshz; i kapy; khw;WfisAk;> mwpitAk; ngUf;FtjpYk;> gapw;rpfs; mspg;gjpYk;> tsh;r;rp gzpfspy; <Lgl;L tUk; epWtdq;fNshL njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;JtjpYk;> mDgtq;fis gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;> jf;fhz gPlg+kp gFjpfspy; rpW FW coth;fs; kj;jpapy; gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. V.vk;., epWtdk; Mh;tKs;s tptrhaf; FOf;fSld; gy fpuhkq;fspy; khw;W tptrha Kiwfis ngUf;fTk;> eilKiwg;gLj;jTk; gzp nra;J tUfpwJ. ,e;j gFjpfs; ,aw;if Ntshz; Kiwfis nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpf;Fk; kw; W k; eilKiwg; g Lj; j p nfhz; L tUk; jd; d hh; t f; FOf; f s; kw; W k; $l;likg;GfSf;F fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ,lq;fshfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. www.amefound.org

mwf;fl;lisapd; mwq;fhtyh;fs;: jpU. rpuQ;[Pt; rpq;> IAS - jiyth; Kidth;. b.vk;. jpahfuh[d; - cWg;gpdh; Kidth;. V. uh[d;dh - cWg;gpdh; Kidth;. r;kpjh g;Nuk;re;jh; - cWg;gpdh;

jpU. mNrhf; rhl;lh;[p - cWg;gpdh; =kjp. NuZfh rpjk;guk; - cWg;gpdh; Kidth;. vd;.[p. n`f;Nl - nghUshsh; jpU. Nf.tp.v];. gpurhj; - nray; ,af;Fdh;

md;ghh;e;j thrfh;fNs>

nghUslf;fk;

yPrh ,e;jpahtpd; khh;r; khj ,jio rkh;g;gpg;gjpy; ehq;fs; kfpo;r;rpailfpNwhk;.

,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

,e;j ,jopy; ,aw;if kw;Wk; xUq;fpize;j tptrhak; Fwpj;J mDgtq;fs; jq;fSf;F gfpug;gl;Ls;sJ> Fwpg;ghf tPzhFk; fopTfis Gjpa Af;jpfs; nfhz;L ,yhgfukhf khw;Wk; Kiwfs; Fwpj;Jk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

4 rpwpa gz;iz ,yhgk; <l;lf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;

rpwpa gz; i zNa MdhYk; > mjpy; ,yhgk; <l; l f; $ ba njhopy;El;gq;fis GFj;jp> xU Ntshz; tpQ;Qhdpapd; Ma;T$lk;Nghy; cUthf;fp> `hpahdh> Nrhdpgj; khtl;lk;> mf;gh;G+h; gNuhl;lh fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s jpU. uNk\; re;jh; jhfh; mth;fspd; gz;izapy; nra;Jfhl;bAs;shh;.

epjp [k;thy;

7 gz;iz foptpypUe;J vhpnghUs;

Mde;j; fhh;tp

10 G+kpapd; ghJfhtyh;fshf tptrhapfs;

rp. vg;. [hd;

15 coth; ehl;;Fwpg;G epiyj;j cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; $l;lhf re;ijg;gLj;;jtJ tptrhapfSf;fhd xU ey; top 17 Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; rhFgbKiwia gutyhf;fk; nra;jy;

rptKj;Jgpufh\; kw;Wk; n\\hq;f; bNahuh

Mde;j; fhh;tp

Kd;khjphp tptrhapahd fpU\;zh uha;> Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfspy; Mh; t Kila ,th; > xU n`f; N lh; gug; g stpy; td caph;r;#oYf;F - xU mw;Gjkhd khjphpia cUthf;fpaJ Fwpj;Jk; ,e;j ,jopy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,Wjpahf> Ntshz; caphr;#oy; rhFgb Kiwia> xbrhtpy; cs; s goq; F bapd r%fq; f s; kj; j papy; Fwpg; g hf ngz; tptrhapfis ikag;gLj;jp jpwd; tsh;g;G gapw;rpaspg;gJk;> gutyhf;fk; nra;tJk; rpwe;j mZFKiwahf fUjg;gl;l epiyapd; gad;ghLf; Fwpj;j tpsf;fKk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j ,jio thrpg;gjpy; kfpo;r;rpailtPh;fs; vd ek;GfpNwhk;. cq;fs; kjpg;Gkpf;f fUj;Jf;fis ehq;fs; vjph;g;ghh;f;fpNwhk;. Mrphpah;

jpwd; tsh;g;G gapw;rp Kf;fpakhdJ

gz;iz foptpypUe;J vhpnghUs;

cfe;j fpuhk njhopy;El;g ikak;> mjDila ghpNrhjidfs; %yk;> rhzvhpthA jahhpg;G njhopy;El;gj;jpy; Mh;B];]pd; ghpNrhjidfs; %yk; > iel; u [d; ,y; y hj Jha; i kahd khTr;rj;JfSk;> nry;YNyh];> n`kpnry;YNyh]; kw;Wk; ypf;dpd; Mfpait cs;slf;fpa Ntshz; fopTfs; %yk;> rhz vhpthA cw;gj;jp nra;J fhl;bAs;sJ. Rw;Wr;#oy;> Ntshz;> r%fk; kw;Wk; G+kp ghJfhg;G Mfpait kdjpy; Mo;j;jp> tptrhapfs;> xU rpwpa fw;gid kzq; nfhz;l FOthd> vg;.b.v.Nf vd;w mikg;ig cUthf;fp Ntshz; fyhr;rhuj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;L> gutyhf ,d;iwa caph;r;#oy; kw;Wk; r%f mbg; g ilapyhd #o; e piyia> fiyia ghpkhwpf; nfhs;Sk; jpl;lj;jpy; gzp nra;tJ Fwpj;J gfpug;gl;Ls;sJ.

cfe; j fpuhk njhopy; E l; g ikak; > mjDila ghpNrhjidfs; %yk; > rhz vhpthA jahhpg; G njhopy; E l; g j; j py; gy Gjpa Mo; e ; j rpe; j idfs; ntsp nfhz;L te;jdh;. gRQ;rhzk; rhzvhpthA cw; g j; j pf; F Kf; f pak; vd; w $w; i w ngha; f ; F k; tifapy; > Mh; B ]; ] pd; ghpNrhjidfs; %yk; > iel;u[d; ,y;yhj Jha;ikahd khTr;rj;JfSk; mjpfsT vhpthAit cw;gj;jp nra;a KbAk; vd;W ep&gpj;jdh;. nry;YNyh];> n`kpnry;YNyh]; kw;Wk; ypf;dpd; Mfpait cs;slf;fpa Ntshz; fopTfs;> rhzvhpthA cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F khw;W Mjhukhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

Ntshz; caph;r# ; oy; 17 rhFgbKiwia gutyhf;fk; nra;jy; jpwd; tsh;g;G gapw;rp Kf;fpakhdJ rptKj;Jgpufh\; kw;Wk; n\\hq;f; bNahuh Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; njhopy;El;gq;fs; midtUk; gpd; g w; W tjw; F > gFjpia ikakhfTk; > r%f Kf; f paj; J tKk; nfhz; L s; s ij Nghd; w rpy ghjfq;fs; ,Uf;fpwJ. xbrhtpy; cs;s goq;Fbapd r%fq;fs; kj;jpapy; Ma;T nra;jdh;. mjd; %yk; ngz; tptrhapfis ikag;gLj;jp jpwd; tsh;g;G gapw;rpaspg;gJ rpwe;j mZFKiw kjpg;Gkpf;fjhf fUjg;gl;lJ. ,jd; gapw;rpapdhy; epiyj;j rhFgb njhopy;El;gq;fs; rpwg;ghf gpd;gw;Wth;. mjdhy; tho;thjhuk; cah;jy;> FLk;g Cl;lr;rj;J kw;Wk; goq;Fbapd tPl;L chpikahsh;fspd; jpwd; cah;jy; Nghd;w gy;NtW gad;fismilayhk;.

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

rpwpa gz;izAk; ,yhgk; <l;lf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk; epjp [k;thy; xU n`f;Nlh; epyj;jpypUe;J> &gha; gj;J ,yl;rk; <l;l KbAk;. rpwpa gz;iz epyj;jpy; ,yhgk; ,Uf;fhJ vd;W gutpAs;s fUj;jpw;F vjpuhfTk;> ek;Gk; gbahfTk; ,y;iy. ,e;jf; fUj;ij> cz;ikahf jpU. uNk\; re;jh; jhfh; mth;fs; khw;wpf; fhl;bAs;shh;. `hpahdh> Nrhdpgj; khtl;lk;> mf;gh;G+h; gNuhl;lh fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s ,tuJ gz;izia ghh;itapLtJ ekf;F xU tpopj; jpwTNfhyhf mikfpwJ. ,e;jg; gz;iz epyk; VNjh xU Ntshz; tpQ;Qhdpapd; Ma;Tf;$lk;Nghy; fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ. ‘ehd; gj;jhk; tFg;G tiu kl;LNk gbj;j xU rhjhuz tptrhap> rpwpa epyg;gug;G> Ntshz;ikf;F cfe;jjy;y vdmuR $Wtij Nfl;Ls;Nsd;. mJ vd;id rpe;jpf;fitj;jJ. Rkhh; ehd;F tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dh;> vd;Dila tptrha epyj;jpypUe;J xU n`f;Nlh; epyj;ij xJf;fpNdd;;. ,d;W ,e;j epyj;jpy;> tUlj;jpw;F Fiwe;jgl;r tUkhdkhf &gha; gj;J ,yl;rk; fpilf;Fk; vd;gij ehd; cWjpahf $WNtd;” vd;W jhfh; $Wfpwhh;. njhlh; r ; r pahf jpU.jhfh; > xUq; f pize; j ,aw;if tptrhak; vd;why; vd;d vd;gij tpsf;f Jtq;fpdhh;. ,e;j tptrhak; ntWk; ,urhadg; G+r; r pf; n fhy; y pfis nfhz; l J vd;W mh;j;jk; fpilahJ. ,J gy;NtW ,ju njhopy;El;gq;fshd NjdP tsh;j;jy;> fhy;eil tsh;gG ; > rhzvhpthA cw;gj;jp> jz;zhP ; mWtil kw; W k; kf; F cuk; jahhpj; j y; MfpaitAk; mlq;Fk;. ,e;j midj;J njhopy;El;gq;fis ey;y Kiwapy; xUq;fpizg;gjhy;> nghUshjhu kw; W k; caph; r ; # oy; hP j pahfTk; > ,aw; i f tptrhaj;ij cWjpgLj;jyhk; “ vd NkYk; $Wfpwhh;. ,d;W mtUila nrhe;j khepyj;jpy; xUq; f pize; j ,aw; i f tptrhak; Fwpj; j fUj; i j gug; G tjpy; ghLgLfpwhh; . kw; w tptrhapfspd; cjtpNahL> khepyj;jpy; midj;J khtl;lq;fspYk;> `hpahdh tptrha eyDf;fhd mikg;G kw;Wk; fpisfis mikj;Js;shh;. Ie; j hapuk; tptrhapfSf; F epfuhf ,e; j mikg;gpy; rpwg;ghf nray;gLk; cWg;gpdh;fshf Nrh; e ; J > ,e; j thh; j ; i jia Ntfkhf gug; g p tUfpd;wdh;. uh[];jhd;> kj;jpagpuNjrk; kw;Wk; F[uhj; Mfpa khepyq;fspy; jw;NghJ ,aw;if tptrha mikg; G f; FOf; f is gpujpgypf; f Kaw;rp nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. 1971 Mk; Mz;L> 1.6 n`l;Nlh; epyj;jpy; kl;LNk> nra; J ghh; j ; J fw; w y; Kiwapy; rhFgbia Jtf;fpdhh;. jw;NghJ mth; 44 n`f;Nlh; epyj;ij nrhe; j khf; f pAs; s hh; . midj; J epyq; f Sk; xUq; f pize; j ,aw; i f tptrhaj; j pd; ; f P o ; KOikahf khw;wpdhh;. re;ijgLj;Jtjw;fhd 4

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

jhfh; mtUila gz;izapy;

Njit> ,aw;if Mjhuq;fis fpilf;fr;nra;jy; kw;Wk; tpisnghUl;fspd; juj;ij Nkk; g Lj; J jy; Mfpa %d; W fhuzpfis njspthf Ghpe; J nfhz; l jhy; > mthpd; ntw;wpf;F cjtpaJ. ngUk;ghyhd ,aw;if tptrhapfs;> mth;fSila tpisnghUl;fis re; i jgLj; J tJ kpffbdkhf ,Uf; F k; > Mdhy; jhfh; mth;fSf;F me;j epiyapy;iy. Gjpa gaph; tpijf;Fk; Kd;G> Kjypy; re;ij epytuj;ij Ma;T nra;J> mjd; Njitia Ghpe;J nfhs;Ntd;. mJ 60 rjtpfpjk; tUkhdk; ngWk; epiyapy; > 40 rjtpfpj f\; l j; i j rkhspf;f KbAk; vd;w epiyapy; kl;Lk; ehd; Njh;en ; jLg;Ngd; vd;W $Wfpwhh;. ngUk;ghyhd rkaq;fspy; ,J ed;ikahf Kbe;jpUf;fpwJ. ngUk;ghYk; midj;J gUtf;fhyf; fha;fwp> goq;fs;> ney;> NfhJik> fhshd; kw;Wk; kyh;fs;

jhfh; gz;izapy; ,aw;ifKiwapy; rhFgb nra;ag;gLfpwJ. gd;dhl;L fha;fwpfs; kw;Wk; goq;fshd nyl;^];>Nggpfhd; kw;Wk; ];lu; hngh;hp Nghd;w gaph;fisAk; Vw;Wkjpf;fhf tsh;f;fj; Jtq;fpdhh;. ,e;j tptrhap Muha;r;rpf;fhf xU n`f; N lh; epyj; i j xJf; f p itj; j hh; (jhfUila Muha;r;rp $lk;). ,e;j epyk; %yk;> ,aw; i f Ntshz; i kapd; ,yhgk; Fwpj; J re; N jfpg; g th; f Sf; F > mth; f sJ vz; z k; jtW vd; g ij ehd; ep&gpf; f Ntz; L k; . nfhQ;rk; ciog;Gk;> ,aw;if gw;wpa GhpjNyhL ve;j tptrhapAk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; tUlk; &gha; 10 ,yl;rk; <l;lyhk;. Vd; Ntiyiaj; Njb midtUk; XLfpd;wdh; vd;W vdf;F Ghpatpy;iy vd $Wfpwhh;.

fpilf;fpwJ. jhfh; ,e;j tUlj;jpw;Fs; kf;F cu msit 1000 ld;dhf mjpfg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;w Fwpf;NfhSld; ,Uf;fpwhh;.

jhfh; Muha;rr ; p $lk;> jhfhpd; Ma;Tf; $lj;ij ehk; ghh;f;Fk;NghJ> kfpo;r;rpaspf;fpwJ. xU gf;fk; kf;Fcuj; jahhpg;G gzpfs; eilngWfpwJ> kw; n whU gf; f k; kyh; f s; tsh; f ; f g; g LfpwJ> gz;izf; Fl;ilAld; kPd;fs; kw;Wk; rhz vhpthA fyd; Mfpait fhzKbfpwJ. ,e; j gz; i zapYs; s ,e; j fhuzpfs; midj; J k; gy; N tW Ntshz; Row; r p %yk; xd;wpizf;fg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf xU tUlj;jpw;F &gha; 13-14 ,yl;rk; fpilf;fpwJ (ghh;ff ; ml;ltiz : Ntshz; jq;fk; ) NkYk; gz; i zapy; #hpa rf; j pia gad; g Lj; j p tpiykjpf;f Kbahj Mw;wiy Nrkpf;fpwJ.

jhfhpd; gz;izf; Fl;il NkYk; xU Row;rpahFk;. epyk; tPzhfpg;NghFk; vd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;> ngUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; gz;izFl;il mikg;gij jtph;ff ; pd;wdh;. ‘jz;zhP ; mWtil nra; A k; njhopy; E l; g q; f is gpd; g w; W khW ehq;fs; tptrhapfsplk; $WfpNwhk;> Mdhy; nghUshjhu hP j pahf mth; f splk; ehq; f s; cWjpgLj; j Kbatpy; i y. ,e; j f; Fog; g k; vd;idrpe;jidapy; Mo;j;jpaJ. cldbahf gad; jUk;> jz;zhP ; mWtilnjhopy;El;gq;fis nray; g Lj; J tjw; F KbT nra; N jd; ” vd jhfh; $Wfpwhh;. ,tUila gz;izf;Fl;il kioeP i u Nrfhpf; f pwJ. ,J fhy; e ilahd> vUikfis Rj;jk; nra;tjw;F gaDs;sjhf ,Uf; f pwJ. ‘gz; i zFl; i lapy; kP d ; f is ehd; mwpKfk; nra;Njd;> ,J vdf;F tUlk; &.30>000 tUkhdk; mspf;fpwJ. Mifahy;> ,e;j gz;izf; Fl;il epyj;jb ePiumjpfhpg;gNjhL kl; L kpy; y hky; > tUkhdKk; mjd; % yk; <l;lyhk;” vd ,aw;if tptrhap $Wfpwhh;.

jhfhpd; gz;izapy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; kz;GOcuj; jahhpg;G Row;rpia ehk; fhzyhk;. fpl;lj;jl;l midj;J ,e;jpa tptrhapfSk; ney; gaph;f; fopTfis vhpj;J tpLfpd;wdh;. cz;ikahf> kz;GOcuk; jahhpg;gjw;F ,J rpwe;j ,LnghUshf fUjg;gLfpwJ (kz; GO gad;gLj;jp kf;Fcuk; jahhpj;jy;). ,jidg; gad;gLj;JtJ tUlj;jpw;F 300 ld; kz;GOcuk; ehd; cw;gj;jp nra;fpNwd; vd;fpwhh; jhfh;. ,jpy; xU gFjp tay;fSf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ> kP j Ks; s cuj; i j xU fpNyh &gha; 3 f; F tpw;fg;gLfpwJ vd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;. kz;zpw;F rpwe;j rj;ij mspf;Fk; kz;GOcuk;> kz; z py; <ug; g jj; i j jf; f itj; J nfhs; s cjTtJ kl; L ky; y hky; jz; z P h ; Njit 25 rjtpfpjk; FiwfpwJ vd; f pwhh; jhfh; . ,aw;if tptrhaj;ij gpd;gw;Wtjhf cWjp $Wk; tptrhapfSf;F 2 fpNyh kz;GOf;fs; ,ytrkhf toq;Ffpwhh;. ,th; itf;Nfhiy fhshd; tsh;g;gjw;Fk; gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;> ,jd; %yk; tUlj;jpw;F &gha; 3 ,yl;rk; ngWfpwhh;. kz;GOcuj;ij jtpu> jhfh; rhjhuz kf;Fcu cw;gj;jpAk; nra;fpwhh;. nkhj;j kf;Fcu cw;gj;jp tUlj;jpw;F 600ld; jdJ gz;izapypUe;J

gz; i zapy; kw; n whU Ntshz; Row; r p> fhy; e il> rhz vhpthA kw; W k; kf; F cuk; Mfpait mlq;Fk;. jhfhpd; gz;izapy; 50 vUikfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,jd; fopTfs; 85 f;A+gpf; kPl;lh; msTs;s rhz vhpthA fydpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j fyd; mikg;gjw;F &.1 ,yl; r k; MdJ. ,jid mtUila jdpg; g l; l rikayiwapy; gad; g Lj; j pdhh; . NkYk; jPtdk; ntl;Lk; fUtpia ,af;Ftjw;F gad; g Lj; j g; g LfpwJ. ,e; j fydpypUe; J fpilf;Fk; fopT kf;Fcu Fopapy; Nghlg;gLfpwJ.

jhfh; gz;izapd; kpf Kf;fpa fhuzp> NjdP tsh;g;gJ. ,J gaph; kf#iy 10-30 rjtpfpjk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ (,aw;ifahf kfue;j Nrh;f;if rpwg; g hf eilngWtjw; F cjtpGhpfpwJ). jahhpf; f g; g l; l Njdpw; F rpwe; j NjitAk; ,Uf;fpwJ. jhfh; 150 NjdP ngl;bfs; itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. xt;nthU ngl;bAk; 35-40 fpNyh Njd; cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ. NjdpypUe;J mtUila nkhj;j Mz;L tUkhdk; &. 4 ,yl;rk; MFk;. epykw;w tptrhapAk; kpf mjpf ,yhgk; <l;lf;$baj; njhopy; NjdP tsh;g;G. xU NjdP 2-3 fp.kP gug;gsit nghJthf ftUk; vd;gjhy;> mjd;%yk; xt;nthU tptrhapAk; gad; ngWthh; vd jhfh; $Wfpwhh;. jhfh;> #hpa <h;g;G jfLfisAk; &. 4 ,yl;rk; nrytpy; mikj;jhh;. ,jpy; &.67000 ,th; gq;fhf mspj;jhh;> kPjKs;s njhifia muR khdpak; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

ngw;whh;. ,e;j gz;izapy;> #hpa rf;jpiaf; nfhz;L gk;ig ,af;fr; nra;J epyj;jb ePh;> ghrdk; nra; t jw; F gad; g Lj; j g; g LfpwJ. msTf;F mjpfkhf cs;s rf;jpia Ngl;lhpfspy; Nrkpj; J itf; f g; g LfpwJ. ,e; j gz; i z epyj;jpy; 500 rJukPl;lh; gug;gstpy; gRikf; Fby; mikj;J tpiyAah;ej ; gaph;fis tsh;jJ ; > mjd;%yk; tUlj;jpw;F &.1 ,yl;rk; <l;Lfpwhh;.

thh;j;ijia gug;Gjy; jw;NghJ> jhfh; ehL KOtJk; xUq;fpize;j gz; i z vd; w thh; j ; i jia gug; G tjpy; Kk;Kukhf cs;shh;. `hpahdh tptrhapfs; ,e;j mikg;gpy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpd;wdh;. `hpahdh fprhd; eytho;Tf; FO> ,aw;if rhFgb Fwpj;J nra;Kiw gapw;rpaspf;fpwJ. khtl;lf; FOf;fSf;F ngUk;ghyhd tptrhapfshy; nry;y ,ayhJ vd;gjhy; fpuhk mstpy; fUj;juq;Ffs; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;j tUlk;> gpg;uthp khjk; Nrhdpgj; vd;w ,lj;jpy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;l fUj;juq;fpy; Rkhh; 4000 tptrhapfs; $bdh;. Mdhy; jhfh; muR fUtpfs; xUq;fpize;j ,aw;if rhFgbia Nehf;fp Cf;Ftpg;gJ kpf nghpa rthyhf xg;Gf;nfhs;fpwhh;. muR gzpfs; vg;nghOJk; nkJthf Ch;e;J nry;fpwJ vd ,th; ,ay;ghf $Wfpwhh;. jhfh;> muR cjtpf;fhf fhj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mth; ,aw;if rhFgbia jdJ flikahf Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. ehd; vd;Dila gz;izapy; gy;NtW gaph;fis ghpNrhjid nra;Jnfhz;Nl ,Ug;Ngd;. cjhuzkhf> jw;NghJ rPdjhtuj;ij tsh;j;J tUfpNwd;. ,e;jj; jhtuk; rh; f ; f iuiatpl 300 klq; F ,dpg; g hdJ> nfhOg;G ,y;yhjJ. ,e;j Kaw;rp ntw;wpile;jhy; ehd; mij kw; w th; f Sf; F ghpe; J iug; N gd; . ,e;j jhtuk; kUj;Jt Fzk; nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ,jw;F nghpa rh;tNjr re;ij ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W ,th; $Wfpwhh;. 1987 Mk; Mz;L> Nrhdpgj;jpy; Nggpfhd; gapiu 0.40 n`f; N lh; epyj; j py; mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;> jhfh;. ,d;W Nrhdpgj;jpy; fpl;ljl;l 485 n`f;Nlh; epyj;jpy; Nggpfhd; gapiur; rhFgb nra;J tUfpd;wdh;.

vjph;fhy rthy;fs; ntw;wpAld;> Gjpa rthy;fs; tUk;. ,urhadk; gad;gLj;jp tsh;f;fg;gl;l czit fhl;bYk; ,aw;if cztpd; tpiy mjpfkhf cs;sJ. jhfh; ,e;j gd;kaj;ij gaDs;sjhf khw;w Kaw;rpj;jhh;. ey;y re;ijgLj;Jk; mZFKiwia gad;gLj;jp mth; ,aw;if czit mjpftpiyf;F tpw;f Kaw;rpj;jhh;. mth; NkYk; ,aw;if czit 6

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

gz;izapd; jq;fk; tUkhdMjhuk; kz;GOcuk; fhy;eil fhshd; Njd; kPd; tsh;g;G nkhj;jk;

tUl tUkhdk; (& ,yl;rj;jpy;) 5 1 3 4 0.3 13.3

Mjhuk;: uNk\; re;jh; jhfh; 2004> mf;gh;G+h; gNul;lh fpuhkk;> Nrhdpgj;> `hpahdh>khh;r; 30> Neub fye;Jiuahly;

re; i jg; g Lj; J k; njhz; L epWtdq; f NshL ey;Ywit Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;lhh;. ,uz;L klq;F cWjpnra; a> gy; N tW ,aw; i f czTfspd; Njit kw; Wk; re; i j epytuj; i j Muha; r; rp nra;jhh;. jhfh; Nghd; w ,aw; i f tptrhapfSf; F kw;nwhU gpur;rid vd;dntd;why;> ,aw;if czTfSf; F rhd; w pjo; ngw> ,e; j pahtpy; fl;LgLj;jg;gl;l tiuKiwfs; vJTkpy;iy vd;gJjhd;. xU rhd;wpjo; midj;J ehLfSf; F k; xj; J Nghtjpy; i y. Ntshz; kw; W k; gjg; g Lj; j g; g l; l czTnghUl; f s; Vw;Wkjp tsh;r;rp mikg;G> rh;tNjr rhd;wpjo; toq;Ftjpy; Vw;gLk; gpur;ridfSf;F jPh;TfhZk; Kf;fpa Kfik. ,jd; fPo;> nkhj;jk; 10 epWtdq; f s; gjpT nra; j pUf; f pd; w dh; . ,tw; w py; ,e; j pa epWtdk; xd; N w xd; W MFk;. ,e;j epWtdj;ij mYtyf hPjpahf ghh; i t ,Ltjw; F &.15000 nryT MFk; . ve; j ,e; j pa tptrhap ,t; t sT gzj; i j itj;jpUf;fpd;wdh;? vd;W jhfh; Nfl;fpwhh;. `hpahdh fprhd; eytho;T mikg;G muRld; jP h ; T fhz Kaw; r pj; j dh; Mdhy; ntw; w pilatpy; i y. ,Wjpahf> fh; f ahid mbg;gilahf nfhz;l rhd;wpjo; mspf;Fk; jdpahh; epWtdj;ij mZfpdh;. ,e;j epWtdk; xU khjj;jpw;Fs; jdJ gzpia Jtq;fTs;sJ. FOthdJ> FO rhd;wpjo; jpl;lj;ij gpd; g w; W fpd; w dh; . ,jpy; nry; t nropg; g hd tptrhapfs; Vio tptrhapfSf;F rhd;wpjo; nra;Kiwapy; khdpak; toq;f ,aYk;. ,e;jpa muR>nray;Kiwia topelj;jp> jhfh; Nghd;w tptrhapfSf;F cjtpGhptjw;F ,JNt rhpahd jUzk;.  Source: Originally published at https:// www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/small-farms-canbeprofitable-11182 %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 2

gz;iz foptpypUe;J vhpnghUs; Mde;j; fhh;tp cfe;j fpuhk njhopy;El;g ikak;> mjDila ghpNrhjidfs; %yk;> rhz vhpthA jahhpg;G njhopy;El;gj;jpy; gy Gjpa Mo;e;j rpe;jidfs; ntsp nfhz;L te;jdh;. gRQ;rhzk; rhzvhpthA cw;gj;jpf;F Kf;fpak; vd;w $w;iw ngha;f;Fk; tifapy;> Mh;B];]pd; ghpNrhjidfs; %yk; > iel; u [d; ,y; y hj Jha; i kahd khTr; r j; J fSk; mjpfsT vhpthAit cw;gj;jp nra;a KbAk; vd;W ep&gpj;jdh;. nry;YNyh];> n`kpnry;YNyh]; kw; W k; ypf; d pd; Mfpait cs; s lf; f pa Ntshz; fopTfs; > rhzvhpthA cw; g j; j p nra;tjw;Fkhw;W Mjhukhf fz;Lgpbf;fgl;lJ. 2018-19 Mz; b y; > 113 kpy; y pad; ld; msT ngl;Nuhypaj;ij> 125 gpy;ypad; lhyh; kjpg; g pw; F ,wf; F kjp nra; a g; g l; l J. ,e; j msTfs;> ,e;jpahtpw;F ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak; nghUl; f spy; > ,J xd; W kl; L k; mjpfkhf ,wf; F kjp nra; a g; g LfpwJ. NkYk; ,e; j xU nghUSf; F kl; L k; > ,e; j pahtpypUe; J Mz;Lf;F mjpfstpy; gzk; mspf;fg;gLfpwJ. ngl;Nuhypak; nghUl;fshd vy;.gp.[p>ngl;Nuhy;> kz; n zd; n za; kw; W k; Bry; Mfpatw; w py; mjpf Mw; w y; kl; L kpy; y hky; > cs; vhprf; j p vQ;[pd;fSf;F vhpthAthf gad;gLj;Jtjw;F cfe; j jhf ,Uf; F k; . Vndd; w hy; rhk; g y; Nghd; w jplf; f opT kP j khfhky; vhpfpwJ.

,jd; ,Ug;Gj;jd;ik> Mw;wy; kjpg;G kw;Wk; ngl;Nuhypa vhpnghUspd; vhpAk; gz;Gfis kdjpy; nfhz; l hy; > ,g; N ghJ ,e; j pahtpy; cw;gj;jpahFk; vhprf;jpapd; msTf;F epfuhf NtW ve;j vhpnghUisAk; khw;whf gad;gLj;JtJ rhj;jpakpy;iy jw; N ghJs; s jhdprf; j p vhpnghUs; f Sf; F cfe; j khw; w hf vj; j dhy; kw; W k; caph; - Bry; Mfpait fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;iw mjpfstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;tjdhy; Ntshz;ik epyk; kw;Wk; jz;zhP ; juk; Fiwe;JtpLk;. ,Nj Ntshz;ikahy; mjpf fopTfs; cw;gj;jpahfpwJ> ,J Ntshz;ikapy; fpilf;Fk; cgnghUl;fshFk;. nghJthf> gaph; jhtuj; j py; > fpl; l jl; l 60

rhz vhpthA cw;gj;jpapy;> khw;W MjhukhFk; gz;iz fopTfs;

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

rjtpfpj ,iyjiofs; Ntshz; fopTfshf cw;gj;jpahfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; cw;gj;jpahFk; gy;NtW Ntshz; tpisnghUl;fspd; kjpg;ig fUj; j py; nfhz; L ghh; j ; j hy; > tUlj; j pw; F ,e;jpahtpy; Rkhh; 800 kpy;ypad; ld; tPzhd ,iyjiofs; Ntshz;ikapy; cw;gj;jpahfpwJ vd kjpg; g plg; g LfpwJ. mjpfsT Ntshz; fopTfs; cw;gj;jpahFnkd;whYk;> mjd; jplg; gz;G kw;Wk; tpUg;gkw;w vhpAk; gz;G Mfpait> cl;Gw vhprf;jp vQ;r pd;f Sf;F vhpthAthf gad; g Lj; J tjw; F cfe; j jy; y . vdpDk; jhdpaq;fp vhpthAthd> kPjN ; jDf;F khw;WtJ kpf RygkhFk; . Mh; j ; j p epWtdk; ,e; j E} w;whz;bd; Jtf;fj;jpy; ,jid nra;J fhl;baJ. rhz vhpthAtpy;> 60 rjtpfpjk; kPjN ; jd; (CH4) kw;Wk; 40 rjtpfpjk; fhh;gd; il Mf;i]l; (CO2). vilapd; mbg;gilapy; 35 rjtpfpjk; kPjN ; jd; kw;Wk; 65 rjtpfpjk; fhh;gd; il Mf;i]l; ,Uf;fpwJ. Mh;jj ; p epWtdk; ,e;jg; gzpf;fhd nray;Kiwia Jtf;Fk; tiu (ngl;bnra;jp 1)> rhzvhpthA ,e;jpahtpy; gRQ;rhzj;ij Kf; f pa ,LnghUshf nfhz; L cw; g j; j p nra; a g; g l; L fpwJ. NkYk; Fwpg; g pl; l msT fUk;Gr; rf;if> jput nehjpf;Fg;gpd; fpilf;Fk; fopTfisAk; rpy Neuq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,uz;Lk; fhw;W Gfhky; nehjpf;Fk; nray;Kiwapy; fpilf;Fk; jputNk MFk;. Mdhy; ,JNghd;w jhtuq;fspy; Mf;]p[d; Vw;fdNt ,y;yhjjhy;> Mf;]p[d; Mjhukhf fhw;wpy;yh Ez;Zaph;fs; gad; g Lj; J tJ mtrpakpy; i y. ,jpypUe; J cw; g j; j pahFk; kP j ; N jd; kpfTk; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. ghuk; g hpa jhdpaq; f p vhpnghUs; Nghd; W kPj;Njdpd; Mw;wy; kjpg;Gk; ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk; rhk; g y; my; y J jhh; Nghd; w fopTfis ntspaplhky; > Rj; j khf vhpe; J tpLk; . ,e; j nray;Kiw fhh;gd;-il-Mf;irl;. rhzvhpthA> fhy; r P a k; i`l; u hf; i ]l; Nghd; w nghUs; %yk; nrYj; j pdhy; > Njh; e ; n jLj; J fhh; g d; il Mf;i]il <h;j;J kPj;Njd; vhpthAit J}a;ikahf gphpj;J vLg;gJ RygkhFk;. ,e;j cz;ikia czh;ej ; gpwF> Mh;jj ; p epWtdj;jpd; tpQ;Qhdpfs; kPj;Njd; Mjhukhf fUjg;gl;l gRQ;rhzk; kw;Wk; nehjpf;fg;gl;l jputj;jpd; fopTfs; Mfpait mopf;fg;gl;lJ. Mh;j;jp tpQ;Qhdpfs; Mf;]p[d; epiwe;j fhpknghUl;fshf $wg;gLk; fhh;Nghi`l;Nul;il itj;J ghpNrhjidfs; nra;jdh;. ,e;j ghpNrhjidfs; nra;Ak;NghJ fhh;Nghi`l;Nul;Lfs; nfhz;l fhpk mkpyq;fs;> 8

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

ngl;bnra;jp 1 vhpthA cw;gj;jp nra;Kiwapy; njhopy;El;g hPjpahf fhw;Wg; Gfhnehjpj;jy; vdg;gLfpwJ. nehjpf; f g; g Lk; Ftisia [uzpf; F k; fyd; vdg; g LfpwJ. vhpthA cw; g j; j papy; gq; F ngWk; Ez; Z aph; f s; kw; W k; ,ju fhw; W Gfhj ,urhad khw; w q; f Sf; F > kw;w caphpdq;fSf;F Njitg;gLtJNghy ,jw;Fk; Mf;]p[d; Njit. Mdhy; fhw; W ,y; y hj #o; e piyapy; > Mf; ] p[d; %yf;$W ,Ug;gjpy;iy. ,e;j Ez;Zaph;fs; ,LnghUspy; cs;s ,urhad ,izg;NghL ,Uf;Fk; %yf;$Wtpy; cs;s Mf;]p[id gad;gLj;jpnfhs;Sk;. ,LnghUs; %yf;$W ,tw;wpd; Fiwf;fg;gl;l tbtkhf khWfpwJ. Mifahy; > vhpthA fydpy; > Mf; ] p[d; cs;slq;fpa fhpknghUs;fs;> jdJ %yf;$W mikg;ghf khwp> Fiwf;fg;gl;l $l;LnghUshd kPj;NjdhfpwJ. ,J xU i`l;Nuhfhh;gdhFk;. rh; f ; f iu kw; W k; ]; l hh; r ; kw; W k; nry; Y } Nyh]; Nghd;w ghypNrf;iuLfs; KOikahf vhpthAthf khw;wKbAk;. gpd;dh; tpyq;Ffshy; cz;zg;gLfpw ve;j nghUshf ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;iw rhz vhpthA fyDf;F ,LnghUshf gad;gLfpwJ. Ntshz; fopTfspy; Kf;fpakhf nry;YNyh];> n`kpnry;YNyh]; kw;Wk; ypf;dpd; Mfpait ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j nghUl;fs; ahTk; kdpjh;fshy; [Puzpf;f KbahJ. vdpDk; nry;YNyh]; kw;Wk; n`kpnry;YNyh]; Mfpait tpyq;Ffshy; [Puzpf;f ,aYk;. NkYk; ,it rhz vhpthAthf khw;wyhk;. Kd;G Fwpg;gpl;l khjphp> xU nghUspd; [Puzj;jd;ikapd; rjtpfpjj;ij rhh;eN ; j> me;j nghUs; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; msTk; ,Uf;Fk;. Ntshz; fopTfspy; Rkhh; 50 rjtpfpjk; [Puzpf;Fk; nghUshd> nry;YNyh]; kw;Wk; n`kpnry;YNyh]; ,Uf;Fnkd;why;> ekf;F 400 kpy;ypad; ld; vhpthA my;yJ 140 kpy;ypad; ld; kPjN ; jd; KOikahf> ,e;jpahtpy; midj;J jhdpaq;fp vhpnghUSf;F gjpyhf khw;wyhk;.

Ntshz; fopTfs; vhpthAf;fhd ,LnghUshf gad;gLj;Jtjdhy;> xU nghpa ghjfk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j nghUl;fs; ehL KOtJk;> gutyhf rpjwpf;fplf;fpwJ.

ypf;dpd;> fhw;W Gfhj epiyapy; ve;j Ez; Z aph; f shYk; [P u zpf; f Kbahj xU nghUshFk;. ,J rhzvhpthA fydpypUe;J fopthf ntspahfpwJ. Mdhy; ,J gadw;w nghUs; my; y . ypf; d pd; gpsh]; b f; Nghd; w nghUshFk;. ,J 2000nry;rpa]; ntg;gj;jpy; kpUJthf khwptpLk;. ,e;j ntg;gepiyapy; g;isTl; Nghd; w Nghh; L fshf tbtikf; f g; g LfpwJ. NkYk; kf;ff;$ba cz;Zk; rhkhd;fshd Ftisfs; ; > fpz; z q; f s; > jl; L fs; kw; W k; fuz;bfs; Mfpait nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ypf;dpd; fl;bfshf khw;wp> vhpthAf; fhpf;fl;bfshf gad; g Lj; j g; g LfpwJ. ,ij vhpj; J > caph; r ; rhk;gyhf cw;gj;jp nra;J mjid Ntshz; tay;fspy; fhpkg; nghUshf ,lg;gLfpwJ. Mh;jj ; p epWtdj;jhy; tbtikf;fg;gl;l nray; Kiw ghpNrhjid mbg; g ilapy; > GNdapy; gpuq; f l; vd; w ,lj; j py; jpU. re; N jh\; Nfhe;jNyfh; gz;izapy; Kaw;rpnra;ag;gl;lJ. Ntshz; fopthd>itf; N fhiyf; nfhz; L jpU. re;Njh\; mth;fs; nrhe;jkhd kPj;Njd; thAit nra;J> thfd vhpnghUshf tpw;fpwhh;. ghpNrhjidKaw; r pia>njhopy; epWtdkhf khw;w gy;NtW mDkjpfs; kw;Wk; kWg;gpy;yh rhd;wpjo;fs; Mfpait gy;NtW muR mikg;GfspypUe;J ngw Ntz;Lk;. kPj;Njd; njhopypy; rpwe; J tpsq; F k; jpU.re; N jh\; mth;fs;>NjitahdmDkjp ngWtjw;F epiwa rthy; f is re; j pf; f Ntz; b apUe; j J. mth; ,jid njhopyhf khw;Wtjw;fhd gzpfis nra;JtUfpwhh;.

njhopy;El;g mwpT> ghjfq;fs; kw;Wk; vjph;ff ; hyk; Mh; j ; j p epWtdj; j pd; gzp> rhz vhpthA njhopy;El;gj;jpy; gy Gjpa Mo;ghh;itfSf;F tpj; j pl; l J. Kd; G rhz vhpthA fydpy; gRQ; r hzk; kl; L Nk Njit vd; w vz; z k; ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; Mh;jj ; p epWtd tpQ;Qhdpfs;> xU Kiw [Puz fydpy; ghf;Bhpahit nrYj;jp mJ ngUfpdhy; NghJkhdJ. xt;NthUKiw ,LnghUs; Nrh;f;Fk;NghJk;> [Puz fydpy; gRQ;rhzk; nrYj;jNtz;ba Njitapy;iy. fhh; g d; Kjy; iel; u [d; tpfpjhr; r huk; > njhopy; hPjpahf rp/vd; tpfpjhr;rhuk; Kd;G Kf;fpa gz;Gfshf fUjg;g LfpwJ. ,e; jf; fUj; J > iel; u [d; ,y; y hj J}a; i kahd fhh; N ghi`l; N ul; b ypUe; J k; mjpf vhpthA fpilf;Fk; vd;W fz;L gpbj;jjdhy; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l fUj;J jtW vd;W cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. Mh;j;jp epWtdj;jpd; mLj;j Kf;fpa

ve;j mikg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; khT nghUl;fSk; vhpthAthf khw;w KbAk; vd;W Mh;j;jp ghpNrhjidfs; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sJ

fz;Lgpbg;ghd fhw;W Gfhj Ntshz; fopTfspd; Kd; [PuzepiyahFk;. ,e;j nray;Kiw fhpk mkpyq; f s; cw; g j; j p nra; f pwJ. Rygkhd <h; g ; G tpir nrYj; j p ika [P u zfyDf; F mDg;gg;gLfpwJ my;yJ jputj;ij [PuzKd; epiyfydpypUe; J ika [P u zfydpypUe; J js; s g; g LfpwJ. [P u zkhfhj nghUs; f s; [Puz Kd;epiy fydpy; jq;fptpLfpwJ. ika [P u zfyid mirf; f hky; > gbe; j pUf; F k; nghUl;fis ghJfhg;ghf gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ. vdpDk; > Ntshz; fopTfs; vhpthAf; f hd ,LnghUshf gad;gLj;Jtjdhy;> xU nghpa ghjfk; ,Uf; f pwJ. ,e; j nghUl; f s; ehL KOtJk;> gutyhf rpjwpf;fplf;fpwJ. Nrfhpj;J ikag;gFjpf;F nfhz;L nry;Yjy; fbdkhd xd; w hf ,Uf; f pwJ.,jw; F jFe; j tsh; r ; r p mZFKiwfs; Njitahf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,tw;iw gad;gLj;jp nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; ,yhgk; <l;Lk; njhopyhf khw;wyhk;. Mh;jj ; p epWtdk; jw;NghJ nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; gzpapy; xU mZFKiwahf> [Puzpf;ff;$ba Ntshz; fopTfs; fhpk mkpyq;fshf khw;Wtjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,e;j nray;Kiwia midj;J cs;@h; ,lq;fspYk; fhpk mkpyq;fis igg;Gfs; %ykhf kj;jpa vhpthA [PuzfyDf;F nfhz;L tUjy; fbdkhf ,Uf;fhJ.  Anand Karve Appropriate Rural Technology Institute, Near Ganeshnagar, Algudewadi, Phaltan-Baramati Road, Phaltan 415 523, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra E-mail: adkarve@gmail.com %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 2 yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

G+kpapd; ghJfhtyh;fshf tptrhapfs; rp. vg;. [hd; rkaq;fspy; ekJ vz;zq;fs; kw;Wk; ntw;wpfs; mstpy;yhky; ,Uf;Fk;> Mdhy; tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; tpijfs; tiuaiwf;F cl;gLj;jp> cyf tho;fi ; f mstpy;yhky; G+f;fpwJ-mjhtJ tiuaiwf;F cl;gLj;jpAk; kpFjpahf G+f;fpwJ. ehk; vjph;gg ; hh;fF ; k; midj;J nrhj;Jf;fSk; gutyhf ,e;j clk;gpy; Klq;fpf; fplf;fpd;wd – ek; clk;G kw;Wk; G+kpapd; clk;G. tptrhapfs;> ,e;j kz;zpy; vd;d cUthf;Ffpd;wdNuh my;yJ fw;W itj;jpUf;fpd;wdNuh> mJ cyf mf;fiw> <h;gG ; > vjph;gG ; > tho;T> ghJfhty;> xw;Wik kw;Wk; J}a;ik Nghd;witfis $wyhk;.

tptrhapfs; kj;jpapy; Vw;gLk; ghpkhw;wk; cs;@h; tpij Nrkpg;gpw;F toptFf;fpwJ.

kdpj njhopy;El;gq;fshy; ,d;W Rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk; r%f moptpw;F jPhT ; fhZjy;>Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; ,ju G+kp ghJfhg;G njhopy;El;gq;fNshL ,ize;J kWKiw cUthf;FtJ NjitahFk;. czT cw; g j; j papy; mwptpay; gad; g hl; b d; njhopy; E l; g nray; g hL vd; W Ntshz; i k $wKbahJ. Mdhy; ,J Mo;e;j Nth; 10

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

epiwe;Js;s r%f-fyhr;rhu njhopy;El;gj;jpy;> kf;fs; <LgLfpd;wdh;. Ntshz;ik vd;gJ rhFgb nra;jy; kw;Wk; rhFgb vd;gJ nghWg;ghf itj; j y; > ,dg; n gUf; f k; nra; j y; kw; W k; tsh;j;jy;. ,J kz;> tpij> ntg;gk;> fhw;W> mopAk; jd;ik kw;Wk; G+r;rpfs;> fisfs; kw;Wk; jhf;Fjy;fs; mlq;fpait. ,J fz;fhzpg;G

kw;Wk; ftdkhf ,Uj;jy;> NkYk; ,J kf;fs; kw; W k; cwTfs; rhh; e ; j J. njhopy; J iw Ntshz;ik ,jw;F vjpuhFk;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;> ehq;fs;> xU rpwpa fw;gid kzq; nfhz; l FOthf> tptrhapfis xd; w pizj; J > vg; . b.v.Nf vd; w mikg; i g cUthf;fp mth;fSld; Neuj;ij nrytopf;f KbT nra;Njhk;. NkYk; Ntshz; fyhr;rhuj;ij ikakhff; nfhz; L > gutyhf ,d; i wa caph; r ; # oy; kw; W k; r%f mbg; g ilapyhd #o; e piyia> fiyia ghpkhwpf; nfhs; S k; jpl; l j; j py; gzpnra; a Jtq; f pdh; . ,e; j j; jiyg;G fle;j %d;W tUlq;fshf> mth; f Sld; gazpj; j NghJ jLkhwpa rpy epfo;Tfis jhq;fpapUf;fpwJ. ,J Fwpg;ghf> gyjug;gl;l eytpUk;gpfs;> fhl;rpf;fiyQuhd jpU.b.vk;.m[P];> ftpQh;. jpU.tp.b.n[aNjtd;> ehlff; fiyQh; jpU. \t;jh]; kw;Wk; ftpQh; jpU.vk;.gp. gpujP\; MfpNahiuj; jhz;b> vd;Dld; ele;j ghpNrhjidahFk;.

khWk; kjpg;Gfs; ,e;j ehl;by;>ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; Ntshz; rhFgb nra;tJ my;yJ mth;fSld; VjhtnjhU tifapy; ,izg;gJ my;yJ tptrhapfSld; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; itj;jpUe;j epiy>ePz;l ehl;fSf;F Kd;G eilngw;wjy;y. ,d;W ,e;j ,izg;G njhiye;Jtpl;lJ. ekJ fyhr;rhuk;> caph; r ; # oy; > cl; n fhs; S jy; > cztpid Ghpe;Jnfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; tPzhjy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s jhf;fq;fs; Kf;fpakhdit. NkYk; nghJkf;fs; kw;Wk; Ntshz;ikf;Fk; kj;jpapy; ,e; j ,izg; G kP z ; L k; cUthf Ntz; L k; vd;gJ kpfTk; Kf;fpak;. Ntshz; i kNahL kf; f s; ,izAk; N ghJ> ekJ fyhr;rhu rk;gujhaq;fSk; Vw; W f; n fhs; s g; g LfpwJ. cjhuzkhf> ,J czit epiyahf Ghpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F cjTfpwJ. ,J czNthL Mo;e;j ,izg;gpy; cs;sJ. ePz;l ehl;fshf> ek; tPLfspy;> G+kpapypUe;J cw; g j; j pahFk; xt; n thU jhdpaj; i jAk; kjpf; f f; Foe; i jfSf; F fw; W nfhLj; j dh; . xU jhdpaj;jpd; mhprp jiuapy; tpOk;NghJ> ehk; mjid ifahy; vLg; N ghk; . ,jid Jilg;gj;ijf; nfhz;L$l;LtJ> cztpw;Fk;> G+kpf; F k; khpahij Fiwthd nrayhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. ek;kplk; czT epiwa ,Ue;jhYk;> ,jidNa ehk; gpd; g w; w p tUfpNwhk; . ek;

capUs;s kz; fpufj;jpd; tho;tpw;F mbg;gil

ifapy; gpbj;jpUf;Fk; czT> ehk; nfhLf;Fk; gzj;jpw;F rkkhf fpilg;gJ vd;W fUjg;gLtjpy;iy. Mdhy;> G+kpj;jhapd; ghprhf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. rpy #o;epiyfspy; xt;nthU jhdpaKk; tpijfshf ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk; czthf ekJ tho;f;ifia epiyf;f nra; f pwJ. ,d; W >czit tP z hf; F tJ> kdepiy rhpapy;yhj epiyf;F vLj;Jr;nry;Yk;. Njrpa fdT tsh; r ; r p jpl; l q; f s; > jq; f sJ epyj;NjhL mope;jNghjpYk;> ,d;dKk; rpyh;> ntl;ba kuj;jpypUe;J Gjpa fpisfs; Kisg; g JNghy; > njhlh; r ; r pahf jq; f sJ gzpia nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. mth;fs; jq;fsJ gz;iz caph;ngWk; Kaw;rpia nra;J tUfpd; w dh; . ,jid jdf; F k; > tpijf; F k; kj; j papy; vLj; J nfhz; l cWjpnkhopahf epidj;J> ,e;jf; fyhr;rhu flikia Mw; w p tUfpd; w dh; . ehl; b d; rl; l k; > re; i j kw;Wk; nghUshjhuj;ij ghJfhj;J> Cf; f g; g Lj; J k; N ghJ> tptrhapfs; rl; l k; nfsutpg; g J> tho; f ; i f kw; W k; MNuhf; f pa rl;lj;ijNa. tptrhapfspd; rl;lk;> tho;tpd; gu];gu ,izg;G kw;Wk; gu];gu rhh;Gj;jd;ik kw;Wk; mjd; nghWg;Gk;> Ntz;b Nfl;fg;gLk; nfsutkhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;;lJ. ,d; W ekJ ehl; b y; gytifahd ,yhgk; ngw;WtUtJ> kPd; gpbg;gjw;F Fl;ilia tp\ khf;Ftjw;F rkk;. ,J caph;r# ; oy; kw;Wk; r%f jhf;fq;fs; Fwpj;J mf;fiuapy;yhky; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; ,yhgk; <l;LtNjahFk;. xU ey;y tptrhap kw;w tif cwT kw;Wk; ,izg;gpy; ,Uf; f pwhh; . mth; f s; thOk; kz; z pd; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

ngl;bnra;jp 1 vg; . b.V.Nf> Nfushtpy; Ntshz; rl; l g; gpur;rid cr;rj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> gpwe;jJ. Nfushtpd; gioa ,aw; i f mq; f hb> vypkd;l;];> Nfhopf;Nfhl;> NlhkpNkj;A+thy; 2005 Mk; Mz;L cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. taehl; b ypUe; J 300 FLk; g q; f s; Kjy; cWg;gpdh;fshf Jtf;fj;jpy; Nrh;e;Js;sdh;. ,th;fspd; gz;iz tpisnghUl;fSf;F re;ijf;F Rygkhf nfhz;L nry;Yk; epiyia vjph;ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. NkYk; tzpf ePjpia cWjpg;gLj;j> rpwg;G tpiyfs; Nguk; Ngrg;gl;lJ. ,jdhy; tptrhapfspd; kjpg;Gf; $l;LFOtpd; ikaj;jpy; Nkk;gLj;JfpwJ. jw;NghJ> ,e;j Filapd;fo P ; 5000 FLk; g q; f Sf; F Nky; > Nrh; e ; J s; s dh; . ,th;fs; kyghh; kiyg;gFjpapy; epahatpiy re; i japy; kiyrhh; e ; j tpisnghUis Nrh;g;gjw;F rpwe;j Kaw;rpapdhy; ,yf;if mile;jdh;. ,e;j epWtdk; Jtf;fj;jpy;> ,yhgk; <l; l f; $ ba tpiy kw; W k; epahatpiy re; i jia Rygkhf miljy; Mfpait ikakhf itj;Js;sdh;. ,d;W ,e;j epWtdk; ,jid tsh;ff ; Nkk;gLj;j Kbe;jJ. epiyj;j kw;Wk; ,aw;if rhFgb njhopy;El;gq;fSf;F FOthf khwp caph; gy; t ifikf; f hf jdpg; g aph; rhFgbia xJf; f pitj; j J. nghJeyDf; f hf ,th; f s; tpijfis Nrfhpf;fpd;wdh;. kw;nwhU kl;lj;jpy;> czT ,iwahz; i kia kP z ; L k; ikag; g Lj; j p nfhz; L tug; g l; l J. $l; l hf> Kf; f pa rhFgb njhopy;El;gq;fis gpd;gw;Wtjdhy;> 4500 tptrha cWg;gpdh;fs;> vg;.B.V.Nftpy; Nrh;e;J>Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyapy; 15000 Vf;fh; gz;iz epyj;ij rPNjh\z epiyf;F cfe;j tPlL ; j;Njhl;lkhf khw;wpdh;. xt;nthU cWg;gpdhpd; gz;izia rpwpa kiof;fhlhf> gy;NtW jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;FfSld;> rhpahd Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiyg;gFjpahf khw; W tNj ,jd; Nehf; f khf ,Uf; f pwJ. jw; N ghJ ghJfhf; f g; g l; l caph; r ; # oy; gFjpahf mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. ghJfhtyh;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.,th;fs; kz; z pd; MNuhf; f paj; i j ghJfhj; j hy; kl;LNk> mth;fspd; gps;isfs; me;j 12

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

kz;zpNyNa njhlh;eJ ; thoyhk;. mth;fSila FLk;gk;> jiyKiw kw;Wk; r%fj;ij jhz;b> mth;fSila ek;gpf;ifapd; epahak;;> nghWg; G j; j d; i k> mth; f s; Mo; j d; i kia Nrkpj;J itf;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; tptrhapfs; ,d; W jq; f Sila mbg; g il Njitfs; kw; W k; Foe; i jfspd; fy; t pj; Njitfs; Nghd; w tw; i w G+h; j ; j p nra;tjw;fhf mjpf tUkhdk; <l;Lk; e piyf;F js;sg;gL fpd;wdh;. ,th ; f s; > Foe; i jfspd; fy; t pf; f hf mjpf fld; f s; vLg;gJ> Ntshz;ikia tpLj;J> cyfj;jpw;F jFe;jhw;Nghy; mth;fis nghWj;jpf;nfhs;s fw;Wf;nfhz;ldh;. Nrkpg;gpw;fhd rl;lk; kw;Wk; epiyahd tho; t pw; f hd topia kf; f Sf; F ghJfhg;G mspf;fhj ehL gw;wp vd;d ciuahl Ntz; L k; . ehk; mth; f s; tho; t jw; F vd; d nra; a f; $lhJ vd; g J>NtW ve; j Njh; T k; ,y;yhj #o;epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ekJ fhyj;jpd; kpf Nkhrkhd xd;whFk;. Kaw;rpfs;> re;ijapd; NjitfSf;F Vw;g gy;NtW tifahdMjhuq;fSf;F top tFf;fpwJ. ,d;W ekJ Ritapy; ehk; fl;Lghl;il ,of;fpNwhk;. re;ij ,d;W vd;d nra;fpwJ? ekJ nrhe;j Ritia vLj;J nrd;Wtpl;lJ. ,d;W tiu Rit vd;gJ tay;fspy; ehk; vd;d tsh;ff ; pNwhk; vd;gNjahFk;. ,d;W re;ijapy; ehk; cw;gj;jp nra;tij vLj;J> ekf;F mth;fspd; Ritia jpUk;g nfhz;L tUfpwJ. cjhuzkhf> gyhgo gh;fh;> Nuhy; Nghd;wit. ek; rikayiw ntWk; rikay; nra; A k; ,lkhf ,y; y hky; > czT kw;Wk; tpijfs; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd ,lkhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;W> epyj;jpy; ehk; nra;Ak; Ntiy kw;Wk; ,jd; Rit> tPl;bYk;> rikayiwapYk; Fiwe;j ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ek; epyj;jpy; ehk; nra;tJ me;j rpwpa re;ij kw;Wk; tPl;by; cs;s tho;f;if> cyf tho;f;if ntspapy; ,Ug;gij nghWj;Nj ,J mikAk;. ,e;j ,izg;G mjd; $l;L tho;Tj;; jd;ikia ,oe;Js;;sJ.

tptrhapfs; ,aw;ifNahL ,ize;Js;sjhy;> njhlh;e;J tho;tjw;fhd top kw;Wk; epiyj;jj;jd;ik Mfpait mth;fspd; Mo;kdjpd; mq;fkhf khwptpl;lJ.

tptrhapfspd; re;ij

khwptUk; Ghpjy;fs; ,d;W> vOjg;gl;lit vd;gJ mwpthf fUjg; g LfpwJ. tptrhapfs; ngw; w pUf; F k; mwpT> Gj; j fj; j pNyhmy; y J E}yfj; j pNyh ,Uf; f hJ> Mdhy; mth; f NshNl tho; e ; J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. tptrhapfs; mwpT kw;Wk; Qhdj; j pd; ruzhyakhf fUjg; g LfpwJ. tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; ,ju njhopy; KidNthupd;> gq; F > ,yhgq; f s; kw; W k; tP z hditfs; Mfpatw;wpd; xUq;fpize;j jzpf;if nra;J ghh;gg ; J ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; kjpf;ff;$ba xd;whFk;.,J ekJ tho;tpd; epiyj;jj;jd;ik> mjpf caph;r;# oy; gpur;r idfs;> Mw; w ypd; rpwe;j gad;ghL Mfpatw;w pd; gq;F kw; Wk; ,ju gynghUs;fs; kj;jpapy; tPzhz fopTfs; Nghd;witAk; fz;bg;ghf cl;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. xUtUf;F nghUspd; xUq;fpize;j ,ay;Gj;jd;ik njhpe;J nfhs;shtpl;lhy;> mth; gzpapd; tsh; r ; r pNahL <LgLj; j KbahJ. ,ay; g hfNt> tptrhapfs; ,aw; i fNahL ,ize;Js;sjhy;> njhlh;eJ ; tho;tjw;fhd top kw;Wk; epiyj;jj;jd;ik Mfpait mth;fspd; Mo;kdjpd; mq;fkhf khwptpl;lJ. ,d;iwa mwpT mth;fspd; gue;j mDgtj;jpd; RUf; f Nk. mwpT> tho; f ; i f tho; t jw; F

cgNahfg;gl;lhy; kl;LNk mJ gaDs;sjhf ,Uf; F k; . Mdhy; ,J ghh; i taw; w tuhf khw; w p tho; t pd; nfhs; i fia mq; f P f hpf; f jtwptpl; l J. tpUg; g j; j pw; f hf ntw; w pngw; W > mjpf ,yhgk; ngUf;fpnfhs;Sk; fisfisg; Nghy; > ngUk; g hyhd vz; z q; f s; > nray; f s; kw;Wk; tiffs; midj;Jk; Rw;wp itf; f g; g l; b Ug; g jhy; > ,d; W ,jid ehk; re;jpj;J tUfpNwhk;. ePqf ; s; xU tpisnghUis> re; i japy; jil nra; A q; f s; > mJ kw; n whU ,lj;jpy; NtnwhU cUtj;jpy; ntspapLth;. ,Njkhjphp> gpur;ridf;F fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l xt; n thU jP h ; T k; > kw; n whU gpur; r idahf cUthfpwJ> mjw; F kP z ; L k; xU jP h ; i t fhZtJ mtrpakhfpwJ. ,e;j tho;tpw;fhd jdpj; j d; i kahd mZFKiwahdJ> ehk; midtUf; F k; njhpe; j JNghy; > gy; N tW gpur;ridfs; Vw;gLfpwJ. cly; kw;Wk; czh;T kw;Wk; vz;zq;fs; hPjpapyhd gpur;ridfs;> ehl;by; kpf Ntfkhf tsh;e;J tUfpwJ. Ik;gJ tUlq;fSf;FKd;> tPz; vd;W $Wk; mstpw; F ve; j nghUSk; fpilahJ. ,J xU ntsp vz; z k; . midj; J g; nghUSk; VjhtJ xd; i w nropf; f cjTfpwJ. ,d; W tPzhdnghUl;fs; khjphp Ntnwe;j nghUSk; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

#o;e;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ehk; tPz;nghUl;fshy; #o;e;Js;Nshk;. ,e;jpahtpy; xt;nthU ehSk;> 25940 ld; f s; gpsh]; b f; kl; L k; tP z hff; nfhl; l g; g LfpwJ. xt; n thU gpur; r idAk; kw; n whU njhopYf; F topfhl; L fpwJ vd; W ehq;fs; ek;GfpNwhk;. ehk; re;jpf;Fk; gpur;ridfs; midj;jpw;Fk; jPh;Tfs; fhZtjw;F> xU Kiw ,lk; ngWfpwJ vd;Wk; ehq;fs; ek;Gfpwhk;. ehk; midj;ijAk; ,oe;jhy; $l> ek; fdTfis Kd;ndLj;J nry;fpd;Nwhk;. vt;tsT fhyj;jpw;F ehk; ,e;j tpisahl;il njhlh;e;J tpisahl NghfpNwhk;?

tho;f;ifNahL kPz;Lk; ,iztjw;fhd fw;wy; ekf;F> re;ijapy; ,ae;jpuj;jpd; xU mq;fkhf khwp kw; W k; ,yf; F fis Kbg; g jw; F Xb> ek; i k ehNk njhiyf; F k; nray; K iwia nra; J tUfpNwhk; . tptrhapfs; tho; i t tpj;jpahrkhf tho;e;J fhl;Lfpd;wdh;. mth;fs; NtW fhyj;jpYk;> Ntfj;jpYk; tho;fpd;wdh;. kz; > tpijfs; > Kisg; G fs; kw; W k; kf#y; Mfpatw; w pd; top tpj; j pahrkhdJ. ,jpy; gy;NtW tifahd c\hh;jdk;> fhj;jpUg;G> epjhdk; kw;Wk; fle;J nry;Yjy; Mfpait mlq;fpAs;sJ. epjhdkhd gzk; kw;Wk; czT vd;gij ehk; vg; g b Ghpe; J nfhz; L s; N shk; . NkYk; ekJ fhyj;jpy; epjhdkhf ,Ug;gJ vd;gJ vd;d? tpijfs; kw; W k; kz; N zhL tptrhapfs; tho;f;ifapy; cz;ikia fhj;J filg; g pbf; f pd; w dh; . tptrhak; vd; g J c\ hh;j;jd;ik kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;G. ehk; vd;d eilngWfpwJ vd; W fhz KbAk; . Njhlh; tho; t pd; cz; ; i kj; j dj; i j ghJfhf; f > njhpe; N jh> njhpahkNyh> ,jd; %yk; if kw;Wk; ghjk;> gzpnra;fpwJ. ekJ fhl;rpf;fhf mikf; F k; ghuk; g hpak; > gd; d hl; L epjpapy; fz;fhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; ,ju nghOJNghf;Ffisj;> jhz;b tpij kw;Wk; kz;zpd; moif fhz nry;Yjy; ghj ahj;jpiu gazkhf khWfpwJ. Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; nghJkf;fspd; ,ilapy; kPz;Lk; ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F> xt;nthU FbkfDk; Kg;gJ tajpw;F Kd;dh; Fiwe;jJ ,uz;L Mz;LfshtJ xUq;fpize;j Ntshz;ik gz;izapy; nrytopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ehd; czh;fpNwd;.

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

Ntshz; i k> tpij kw; W k; kz; i z rpwe; j nja;tPf mk;rkhfTk; fUJfpd;wdh;. kz;zpd; CNl elg;gJ> tpj;jpahrkhd ntspr;rk; kw;Wk; cly; ge; j j; N jhL elg; g jhFk; . ,iwtd; nrayhf> tpijfis gphpj; j y; > itj; j y; > fhj; j y; > eLjy; kw; W k; ghpkhw; W jNyhL> tptrhapfspd; iffs;> ghjk;> fz;fs; kw;Wk; ,jak; Mfpatw;wpd; ,Us; tpyFk;. tpijfis kz;zpy; itf;Fk;NghJ> ,iwtd; nrayhf> gz;iz epyq;fspy; mikjpahf Ntz;Ljy;fs; eilngWfpwJ. gy;NtW Jiwia Nrh;e;j gpugykhdth;fis ehk; nfhz; l hLk; mNjNtisapy; > ekJ nghJ ngUikahf mth;fis jhq;Fk;NghJ> epyj;jpy; ele;J> ngah;> Kfthp kw;Wk; mq;ff P huk; ,y;yhky;> ,uT gfyhf gzp nra;J cw;gj;jpia ehk; rhg; g pLtjw; F kl; L kpy; y hky; > G+kpia ghJfhf;fTk; cjTfpd;wdh;. ,th;fis ehk; mq;ff P upf;f Ntz;Lk;. ekJ czh;tpy; ,th;fis ,d;dKk; ntspapy; itj;jpUf;fpNwhk;. ekJ fhaq; f is Mw; w Ntz; L nkd; w hy; > mth; f Sila fhaq; ; f Sf; F s; ehk; Eioa Ntz;Lk;. ,th;fspd; tho;f;if> ,aw;ifNahL rhh;e;jpUg;gjhy;> ehk; Fzkhtij fhzyhk;. ekJ fhaq;fs;;> Ntjidfs;> kfpo;r;rp> xd;W Nrh; j y; kw; W k; G+j; j y; Mfpait tho; t pd; cz;ikapy; Nt&z;ul;Lk;.  %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> nrg;lk;gh; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 3

coth; ehl;;Fwpg;G

epiyj;j cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; $l;lhf re;ijg;gLj;;jtJ tptrhapfSf;fhd xU ey; top fpU\;zh uha; xU Kd;khjphp tptrhap kw;Wk; Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfspy; Mh;tKila njhopy; tpw;gd;dh;. xU n`f;N ; lh; gug;gstpy; gutpf;fplf;Fk;; ,tuJ gz;izahdJ “td caph;r# ; oYf;F” xU mw;Gjkhd khjphpahFk;. mjhtJ> midj;Jk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W xj;jpirT gpizg;NghL mjpraj;jf;f tpjj;jpy;; gadspf;Fk; tifapy; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gaph; - fhy;eil xUq;fpizg;G kpfTk; Neh;jj ; pahf mike;Js;sJ. gz;izf;F tUif jUgth;fis tuNtw;Fk; tpjkhf 10 kP l ; l h; eP s j; j py; 1000 kP d ; f s; tsh;f;Fk; mstpw;F xU gpsh];bf; kPd; Fl;il cs;sJ. mq;fpUe;J xUth; jd;Dila ghh;it njhiytpy; gd;wpfs;; xt;nthd;Wk; 300 fpNyh vilAld; ,Ug;gij fhzyhk;. %iy rhptpy; cs;s mtuJ gz;izapd; ,Ug;gplj;jpypUe;J fPoN ; ehf;fp nry;Yk; NghJ> rphpQ;r; Foha;fSld; njhq;Fk; ghl;by;fisf; fhzyhk;. mJ mtuJ njhl;bapy; cs;s jhtuq;fSf;F nrhl;L ePh; ghrdkspf;fpd;wd. rpwpa tPl;Lj; Njhl;lj;jpw;F gpd;dhy;> 8000 ypl;lh; gpsh];bf; Fsj;jpd; Nkw;gug;gpy; kpje;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; thj;J fis nrbahdJ> gd; w pfSf; F k; > thj; J fSf; F k; jP t dkhf nfhLf; f g; g LfpwJ. gd; w pfspd; fopTfis thj;Jfs; cz;L mjd; topahf nfhR Kl;ilfs; cw;gj;jpahtij jLf;fpwJ. mq; F s; s rpy gRik Fby; Ruq; f q; f spy; jf;fhspNahL> CLgapuhf rPd Kl;ilf;NfhR kw;Wk; fhypg;gpsth; tsh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. jf;fhspf;F NkNy G+rzpf;fhAk;> ghfw;fha; nfhbAk; glutplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nkw;F gf;fj;;jpy;> thj; J fs; > Nfhopfs; kw; W k; thd; N fhopfs; tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd. fpU\; z h uha; f ; F nrhe; j khf 10 gRf; f s; cs; s d. ghy; tpw; g id nra; a g; g LfpwJ kw;;Wk; mjd; rhzk; rhz vhpthA cw;gj;jpf;F gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. mjpy; fpilf;Fk; caph; Fok;G kz;;GO cuk; jahhpf;f gad; g Lj; j g; g LfpwJ. gy; N tW tifahd njhopy;fis xUq;fpizj;jd; %yk; jpU. uha; khj epfu tUkhdkhf mnkhpf;fh lhyh;; kjpg;gpy;

G+r;rpfis <h;g;gjw;F Fsj;jpd;Nky; kpd;rhu tpsf;F njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2000 tiu ngWfpwhh;. ,J ruhrhpahf cs;s FLk; g tUkhdj; i jf; fhl; b Yk; 10 klq; F $LjyhFk;. gRkhl; L nfhl; l iff; F vjpNu foptiwfs; cs;sd. fopg;giwapd; Nky;; “gz;izapypUe;J tapw;Wf;F> tapw;wpypUe;J gz;izf;F” vd vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. kyk; kw;Wk; rpWePh; Nghd;wit Nrhpf; f g; g l; L gy; N tW nfhs; f yd; f spy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;L kpfTk; rf;jp kpf;f cuq;fshf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. kdpj kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspd; fopTfs; jpU. uha; mth;fSf;F cu tq;fpahf cUntLj;J> mit kz;GO cuk;> kz;GO cu B> cu Fg;gpfshf kw;Wk; jput cuq;fshfTk; khw;wg;gl;;Lk;;> NkYk; rhz vhpthA fyDf;F vhprf; j pahfTk; tpsq; F fpwJ. ,t; t opapy; > yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

xt;nthU tifahd ,aw;if fopTk;> Mw;wy;; kpf;f cuq;fshf jpwd;gl khw;wg;gl;L> ,Uf;Fk; tsMjhuq;fis cfe;j gad;g ; hl;b ; w;F cl;gLj;jp caph; Row;rp KOikailfpwJ. Fsj;jpd; Nky; xU kpd; gy;G njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;sJ. midtUf;Fk; Vd; ,J njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;s ; J vd Nfs;tp vOk;? ahUk; kpfr; rhpahf mjid A+fpf;f KbahJ> midtiuAk; Mr;rhpag;gLj;Jk; tifapy; mJ ,utpy; G+r;rpfis fth;tjw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. G+r;rpfs; ,we;J tpOk; NghJ> mtw;iw kPd;fs; czthf rhg;gpLk; vd;fpwhh;> fpU\;zh uha;. G+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; jPik nra; A k; caphpdq; f is rkhspf; f > Ntk; i g (mrhbuf;lh ,z;bfh) gad;gLj;jp caph; G+r;rp nfhy;ypia gad;gLj;jpAk;> Njhl;lj;jpy; cs;s fLk; kzk;; nfhs;s jhtu tiffs; kw;;Wk; Njhl;lr; nrbfis gad;gLj;jpAk; jahhpj;Jf; nfhs; f pwhh; . kdpj /tpyq; F fspd; ; rpWeP h ; G+r;rpfisAk;> jPPik nra;Ak; caphpdq;fis gaphpy; ,Ue;J tpul;Ltjw;F kpfTk; gaDs;sjhf mth; $Ljy; jftiyAk; mspf;fpwhh;. jpU. uha; mth;fs; jdJ tho;tpd; ,uz;L jrhg; j q; f is mthpd; epyj; i j ,aw; i f tho;tplkhf khw;Wtjw;F epiwa KjyPLfis nra;Js;shh;. NkYk; mtuJ ,aw;if Ngl; ; i [ jdJ Njhs; f spy; Rke; J s; s hh; . NkYk; mth; Nrhl; ; l hq; Ntshz; gz; i z kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpd; Kjd;ik nray; mYtyuhfTk; cs; s hh; . jdJ fpuhkj; j py; ,aw; i f Ntshz; i kapy; Kd; N dhbahf jpfo;fpwhh;. mtuJ jiyikj;Jt gz;Gfspd; fhuzkhf kw;w tptrhapfis ,aw;if Ntshz; Kiwia filgpbg;gjw;F J}z;Lfpwhh;. mtuJ fpuhkk; “Muha;r;rp ikak;” vd;w Kj;jpiuNahL

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

jpwikahd kw;Wk; nray;jpwd; kpf;f Ntshz; njhopy;El;gq;fspy; njhlh;r;rpahf Ma;Tfs;> fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; kw;Wk; Nkk;ghLfis nray; g Lj; j p tUfpwhh; . vg; g b Ntshz; i k kf; f spd; tho; t py; khw; w q; f is cUthf; f KbAk; vd;gjw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf mtuJ xl;L nkhj;j fpuhkKk; $l;lhf re;ijg;;gLj;Jtjpy; <Lgl; L Nkk; g l; ; b Uf; f pwJ. Neghsj; j py; cs; s kiyg; g puNjr khtl; ; l khd ,y; y k; epiyahd cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; gzg;gaph;fspd; $l;L re;ijg;gLj;jy; Mfpatw;wpy; kpfTk; tskhd khtl;lq;fspd; xd;whFk;. ,J Neghsj;jpy; kpff; Fiwe;j ,lk;ngah;T tpfpjk; kw;Wk;; kpff; Fiwe; j tWik tpfpjj; i j nfhz; L s; s J. uhapd; nrhe; j thh; j ; i jfspy; nrhd; d hy; “ re;ij rf;jpahy; Nkk;g ; Lj;jg;gl;l rhpahd El;gk; tptrhapfSf;F xU topahFk;. 

The story was shared by Dr. Rajendra Uprety, Regional Agricultural Directorate, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal. He can be contacted at upretyr@yahoo.com

%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 2

jhdpaq;fis> mWtilf;Fg;gpd; nra;ag;gLk; gjg;gLj;Jk; gzpapy; <LgLk; goq;Fbapdg; ngz;fs;

Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; rhFgb Kiwia gutyhf;fk; nra;jy; jpwd; tsh;g;G gapw;rp Kf;fpakhdJ rptKj;Jgpufh\; kw;Wk; n\\hq;f; bNahuh Ntshz; caph;r# ; oy; njhopy;El;gq;fs; midtUk; gpd;gw;Wtjw;F> gFjpia ikakhfTk;> r%f Kf;fpaj;JtKk; nfhz;Ls;sij Nghd;W rpy ghjfq;fs; ,Uf;fpwJ. xbrhtpy; cs;s goq;Fbapd r%fq;fs; kj;jpapy; Ma;T nra;jdh;. mjd; %yk; ngz; tptrhapfis ikag;gLj;jp jpwd; tsh;g;G gapw;rpaspg;gJ rpwe;j mZFKiwahf fUjg;gl;lJ. ,jd; gapw;rpapdhy; epiyj;j rhFgb njhopy;El;gq;fs; rpwg;ghf gpd;gw;Wth;. mjdhy; tho;thjhuk; cah;jy;> FLk;g Cl;lr;rj;J kw;Wk; goq;Fbapd tPlL ; chpikahsh;fspd; jpwd; cah;jy; Nghd;w gy;NtW gad;fismilayhk;. nghJthf tptrha rk;ke;jkhd rthy;fis czh; e ; J > mjid Kf; f pa ghjfkhf Vw; W > ,aw;if Ntshz; rhFgb njhopy;El;gq;fis gutyhf;fyhk;. mwpT my;yJ Gjpa Af;jpapd; nray; K iwapd; ghjfq; f s; > vg; N ghjhtJ czug;gl;L rthyhf Vw;fg;gLfpwJ. ,aw;if Ntshz;ik mjpf Ntiy ,Uf;Fk; Kiwahf vg; n ghOJNk fUjg; g LfpwJ. tptrhapfs;

mjid Njh; T nra; a khl; l hh; f s; vd; W czug;gl;lJ.

#o;epiy tp\aq;fs; jkpo; ehl; b y; > jpUts; @ h; khtl; l j; i j Nrh; e ; j tptrhaf; FO kw; W k; fh; e hlfh> ik#U khtl; l j; i j Nrh; e ; j FOtplKk; fye;JiuahbaNghJ ve;j tp\aKk; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

fhzKbatpy; i y. tptrhap> ey; y jukhd vUit Njb> khl; L tz; b apy; nghUis Vw; W tjw; F k; ,wf; F tjw; F k; $ypahl; f is thliff;F nfhz;Lte;J mjid ney; taypy; ,Ltijtpl> xU %l;il A+hpahit thq;fp> mij epyj; j py; ,Ljy; trjpahd Njh; t hf ,Uf;fpwJ. rf tptrhapfs; Cf;fkpy;yhky; ,Ug;gjhy;> Kd;Ndhb tptrhapfSk;> ,aw;if tptrhaj;ij gutyhf;fk; nra;tJ kpfg;nghpa rthyhf fUJfpd;wdh;. xU ntspg;gilahd vjph;epiyapy;> xbrhtpy; fe; j k; k hs; kw; W k; nfhuhgl; khtl; ; l q; f spy; cs;s vl;L fpuhkq;fspy; vLf;fg;gl;l Ma;tpy;> tptrhapfs; ,aw;if tptrhaj;ij mjpf Ntiy epiwe;j njhopy;El;gkhf ghh;gg ; jpy;iy mjdhy; ,e;jj; njhopy;El;gk; xU jilahf ,y;iy vd;W Gyg;gLfpwJ. Ie;J Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G> jhdpa kw;Wk; rpWjhdpa tpijfis J}tp tpijf;Fk; gof;fj;ij gpd;gw;wpa tptrhapfs;> jw;NghJ mjid ehw;Wfshf elTnra;a Jtq;fpAs;sdh;. elT Kiwia filg;gpbf;Fk;NghJ $ypahl;fs; mjpfkhf Njitg; g Ltij xg; G f; n fhs; S k; mNjNeuj;jpy;> mjpf kf#y; kw;Wk; tUkhdk; mth;fSf;F fz;$lhf fpilg;gjhy;> ,uz;lhk;gl;r Nahridia mth;fs; itj; J nfhs; s tpy; i y. xbrh> fe; j k; k hs; khtl;lj;ij Nrh;ej ; xU Mz; tptrhap ‘tptrhak; vq;fsJ tho;thjhuk;> mjpfNtiy nra;Ak; njhopyhf ehq;fs; vg;gbghh;gN ; ghk;?” mNjNghy; fpuhkq; f spy; midtUk; ,Nj fUj; i jNa ntspg;gLj;jpdh;. vdpDk; kw;w ,lq;fspypUe;J ,J NtWgltpy;iy> mjhtJ ngUk;ghyhd njhopy; E l; g q; f is Fwpg; g hf mjpfNtiy mlq;fpa El;gq;fis ngz;fNs nra;fpd;wdh;. fe;jk;khs; kw;Wk; nfhuhgl;bd; gy fpuhkq;fspy; cs;s tptrhapfs;> Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs;> r%f Ghpjy; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wdh;. mjdhy; xt;nthUtUk;> tpijg;G kw;Wk; mWtilapd;NghJ> $ypapy;yhky; rf tptrhapfspd; tay;fspy; gzpGhpfpd;wdh;. epyj; j pd; gug; g sT Fiwe; j tpj; j pahrj; j py; ,Ue; j hYk; > rf tptrhapapd; gz; i zapy; $Ljyhf rpy kzpNeuq;fs; gzpGhptjpy; jaf;fk; fhl;ltpy;iy. ,e;j r%f $ypahl;fs; Nkk;ghL> Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fshd elT kw;Wk; thpir tpijg;ig fw;W> nray;gLj;JtJ RygkhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

Cf; F tpf; F k; hP j papy; fhzf; $ ba gad;fs; fe;jk;khs; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s tptrhapfSld; fye;Jiuahbajd; %yk;> fpl;ljl;l midj;J 18

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

r%f $ypahl;fs; Nkk;ghL> Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fshd elT kw;Wk; thpir tpijg;ig fw;W>nray;gLj;JtJ Rygkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. tptrhapfSk; epiyj;j rhFgbia gpd;gw;wp> ,LnghUSf;Nfh my;yJ gz;iz tpisnghUis tpw; g jw; N fh re; i jNahL ve;j ,izg;Gk; ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk;> ehd;fpy; %d;W gq;F tptrhapfs;> gaph;gl;lk; ,y;yhjNghJ> jq;fs; tPlL ; r; nryTfis re;jpf;f mUfpy; cs;s lTd; my;yJ ,ju khepyq;fSf;F ,lk; ngah; e ; J > $ypj; n jhopyhspahf gzp nra; f pd; w dh; . elT njhopy; E l; g k; ,e; j tptrhapfSf;F GjpJ. ,th;fspy; 70 rjtpfpj tptrhapfs;> xl;Lnkhj;j rhFgb nra;Kiwapy; elT nra;tJ kpfTk; fbdkhd gzpahf fUj;J njhptpj; J s; s dh; . vdpDk; > kf#y; kw; W k; mjpf tpisnghUs; fpilg;gjd; %yk; ngw;w tUkhdk;> elT njhopy;El;gj;ij 100 rjtpfpjk; gpd;gw;wp>ghpe;Jiuj;j epWtdk; nrd;w gpd;dUk; njhlh; e ; J ,e; j j; njhopy; E l; g j; i j nra; J tUfpd;wdh;. nfhuhgl; khtl;lj;jpy; gy ngz; FOf;fs;> rpy ,aw;if njhopy;El;gq;fis gpd;gw;wpajhy; mjpf kf#y; mWtil nra;tjw;F cjtpaJ. NkYk; jq;fs; gz;izapy; Ra gad;ghl;bw;fhf gaph; cw;gj;jpapd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfhpj;Js;sdh;. ,J rpwe;j Kiwapy; Cl;lr;rj;J fpilg;gjw;Fk;> nkhj;j FLk;gj;jpw;F czT cl;nfhs;sTk;> NkYk; gztUkhdKk; mjpfhpj;jJ. mNjNghy;> fhyh`z;b khtl;lj;jpy; gy E}W tptrhaf; FOf;fs;> gp.b. my;yhj gUj;jp gapiu> tpijfs; Fiwe;J epiyapYk; njhlh;e;jdh;. ghuk; g hpa gUj; j p ,ufq; f spd; tpijfis Kd; $ l; b Na thq; f pNah my; y J Nrfhpj; J ghJfhj;J kw;Wk; kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F midj;J Kaw;rpfSk; vLj;jdh;.

jpwd; tsh;g;G gapw;rp Njit gj; J Mz; L fshf> ruhrhp kf#y; Fwpj; J xbrhtpy; Ma;T nra;jjpy;> Njrpa ruhrhpiatpl Kf;fpag; gaph;fspy; Fiwe;j msNt kf#y; fpilj;jJ. NkYk;> ,uz;L fp.kP. ,ilntspapy; cs;sJk;bge;j; tl;lj;jpy;> fr;Nrh;fd; kw;Wk; nrhlfpah Nghd; w fpuhkq; f spy; gpd; g w; W k; rhFgb njhopy;El;gq;fspy;> kf#y; gz;iz

fe;jk;khs; khtl;lj;ij Nrh;e;j Jk;Kb ge;j; tl;lj;jpYs;s ngz;fs; mWtil nra;j gaWtifia mbj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;.

tUkhdj;jpy; ntspg;gilahd tpj;jpahrq;fs; ek;khy; fhz KbfpwJ. ,uz;L fpuhkq;fspYk;> xNukhjphpahd r%fj; i j Nrh; e ; j th; f s; tho;tplkhfngw;wpUe;jhYk;>fr;Nrh;fd; tptrhapfs; gy; N tW ,aw; i f rhFgb njhopy; E l; g q; f s; kw; W k; gz; i z tpis nghUis tpw;fg;gLk; re;ij Fwpj;Jk; rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;wdh;. rhFgb njhopy; E l; g q; f s; Fwpj; j mwpT> mth;fs; tsh;r;rpf;F jilahFk; Kf;fpakhd fhuzp. Nrhlfpah fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s Ff;fpuhkj;ij Nrh;e;j ,uz;L tptrhapfsplk; ciuahLk; N ghJ> 8-10 ngz; tptrhapfis nfhz;l FO> vq;fSld; te;j r%f Mjhu gzpahsuhf #o; e ; J nfhz; L > fhshd; tsh;g;gpw;F Njitahd itf;Nfhy; gLf;ifia jahhpg; g J Fwpj; J nra; J fhz; g pf; F khW mthplk; Ntz; b dh; . ,d; D k; rpyh; ifapy; itf;Nfhiy gw;wpf;nfhz;L ,e;jf; FONthL fye;Jnfhz;ldh;. Rkhh; miu kzpNeuk; xU ey;y nray; Kiw tpsf;f gapw;rpahf khwpaJ. ,J mth; f s; fw; W f; n fhs; S k; epiyapd; jPtpuj;ij fhl;LfpwJ. gy; N tW fpuhkq; f spy; Ma; T nra; j jd; %yk;> nray;ghl;il fpl;ljl;l 85 rjtpfpjk;>

gy;NtW tsh;r;rp epWtdq;fs; nra;Jfhl;ba njhopy;El;gq;fs; midj;Jk; gpd;gw;Wtij fhz KbfpwJ. vdpDk;> ,aw;if Nkyhz;ik njhopy;El;gq;fspy; ve;j tifahf ,Ue;jhYk;> ve;j gapw;rp my;yJ nra;Kiw tpsf;fq;fs; elj;jpdhYk;> mjDila gad; 40 rjtpfpjj;Jf;Fk; Fiwthf ,Uf;fpwJ.Njrpa khjphp Ma;tpy; ntspg;gLtJ vd;dntd;why;> ntWk; 40 rjtpfpj tptrhapfs; > nghJ gad;ghl;il 10 rjtpfpjk; kl;LNk nfhz;L> ve;j xU Mjhu mikg;NghLk; fye;JiuahLfpd;wdh;. jpwd; tsh;g;Ggapw;rp %ykhf>gpd;gw;Wk; tpfpjk; kw; W k; kjpg; G $l; L jy; Mfpait mjpf ek;gpf;if mspj;J> tptrhapfspd; tho;thjhuk; cah;j;JtNjhL> kw;w khepyq;fis fhl;bYk; xbrhtpy; kf#y; ,ilntsp Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. kpf Nkhrkhd epiyapy; ,Ue;j goq;Fbapd r%fq; f s; > ,g; n ghOJ> ,aw; i f rhFgb njhopy; E l; g q; f Sf; f hd Kiwahd jpwd; tsh;g;G gapw;rpNahL rpwg;ghf fhzg;gLfpwJ.

ngz; tptrhapfs; Kf;fpa mq;fkhf jpfo;fpd;wdh; Fiwe; j tphpthf; f nray; g hLfSf; F s; > ngUk;ghyhd ngz; tptrhapfs;> Nkhrkhd r%f-fyhr; r hu fl; L ghLfspdhy; > Mz; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

fe;jk;khs; khtl;lj;ij Nrh;e;j nrhlf;fpah fpuhkj;jpYs;s tptrhapfSld; xU FO fye;Jiuahly;

tptrhapfSf;F cjtp kl;LNk nra;Jte;jdh;. vdpDk; fle; j ehd; F tUlq; f shf> ngz; tptrhapfs; mjpfkhf gq; N fw; f pd; w dh; . ikag;gLj;jpa FO fye;Jiuahlypd;NghJ> rpytUlq;fSf;F Kd; ntspahl;fs; ahuhtJ ,Ue;jhy; tPl;bypUe;J$l ntspNa tukhl;Nlhk; vd;W jpBnud epd;W rj;jkhf xUth; $wpdhh;. Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ> khtl;l jiyik mYtyfj;Jf;F nrd;W gapw;rpapy; fye; J nfhs; f pd; w dh; > rhFgb Nkyhz; i k KbTfis $Wfpd;wdh;. Mifahy;> gapw;rp jpl;lq;fs; ngz;fis elkhl nra;J> ,aw;if rhFgb njhopy; E l; g q; f is gpd; g w; W tjpy; mth;fspd; Ra ek;gpf;ifcah;e;Js;sJ. ngz; tptrhapfs; > tP l ; b w; F Njitahd MNuhf; f pak; kw; W k; Cl; l r; r j; J f; f is cz;Zjy; Mfpatw;wpw;F> Mz; tptrhapfisfhl;bYk; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mspf;fpd;wdh;. mjdhy;> fe;jk;khs; kw;Wk; nfhuhgl; Nghd; w khtl; l q; f spy; ngz; tptrhapfis ikakhf itj;J jpwd; tsh;g;G

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2021

nray;ghLfis Vw;ghL nra;tJ ey;y mZFKiwahf fUJfpd;wdh;. ,J gy;NtW gad;fshd> tho;thjhuk; cah;jy;> epiyj;j rhFgb njhopy;El;gq;fis gpd;gw;Wjy; kw;Wk; ngz; tptrhapfspd; jpwd; cah;jy; Mfpait ngw KbfpwJ. 

Siva Muthuprakash and Shashank Deora Vikas Anvesh Foundation, 6th Floor, Galore Tech Park, LMD Chowk, Bavdhan, Pune 411021 www.vikasanvesh.in E-mail: sivam@vikasanvesh.in

%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> nrg;lk;gh; 2019> thy;A+k; 21> ,jo; 3