,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2019
yP r h ,e; j pah jkpo; rpwg;gpjo; This issue in Tamil is a translated version of LEISA India magazine. This includes selected articles from LEISA India, originally published in English. Address : ame Foundation No. 204, 100 Feet Ring Road, 3rd Phase, Banashankari 2nd Block, 3rd Stage, Bangalore - 560 085, India Tel:
+91-080- 2669 9512, +91-080- 2669 9522
Fax:
+91-080- 2669 9410
E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in
Leisa India Chief Editor : K.V.S. Prasad Managing Editor : T.M. Radha
yPrh vd;gJ Fiwe;j ntspapL nghUs; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. Rw;Wr;RoYf;F cfe;j topfspy; cw;gj;jpiaAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; ngUf;f tpUk;Gk; coth;fSf;F njhopw;El;g kw;Wk; r%f hPjpapyhd tha;g;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;Ffis msTld; gad;gLj;jp Njitg;gLk; NghJ ghJfhg;ghd msT ntspaPL nghUl;fis jpwd;gl ifahs;tjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; coth;fis> me;j r%fj;ij Ragyk; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rf;jp kpf;fth;fshfTk; khw;wp mjd;%yk; mth;fspd; vjph;fhyj;ij jq;fs; nrhe;j mwpT> jpwik>kjpg;gL P > fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis mikf;f cjTtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ khwptUk; #oy;fs; kw;Wk; NjitfSf;F Vw;g coth;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju gq;Fjhuh;fspd; jpwikfs;> gq;Nfw;G mZFKiwfs; %yk; gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk;> mwptpay; g+h;tkhd mwpitAk; ,izj;J mjd;%yk; nfhs;if cUthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp vjph;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;FtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ xU fUj;J> xU mZFKiw kw;Wk; tpNtfkhd nra;jp.
Translated by N. Lalitha Sakthivel Translation coordination Veena Markande Administration Rukmini G. G. Design and Layout M.S. Vasanth Christopher Printing L.S. Graphic Prints, Chennai Cover photo A farmer happy with Foxtail Millet Cultivation Photo Credit: Agragamee Different editions • Regional Editions Telugu, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi and Oriya • Farming Matters The Global edition in English • LEISA Revista de Agroecologia The Latin American edition in Spanish • LEISA India The Indian edition in English • AGRIDAPE The West African edition in French • Agriculturas, Experiencias em Agroecologia The Brazilian edition in Portuguese
The editors have taken every care to ensure that the contents of this magazine are as accurate as possible. The authors have ultimate responsibility, however, for the content of individual articles. The editors encourage readers to photocopy and circulate magazine articles.
2
Supported by MISEREOR, Published by AME Foundation yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
kpnrshpah; vd;gJ tsh;r;rp xj;Jiog;gpw;fhf> n[h;kdp ehl;by; cs;s fj; N jhypf; f ghjphpahh; f shy; 1958 Mk; Mz; b y; epWtg; g l; l Xh; epWtdkhFk;. kpnrshpah; fle;j 50 tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf Mg;gphpf;fh> Mrpah kw; W k; yj; j P d ; mnkhpf; f ehLfspy; Vo; i k xopg; g jw; f hd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jd;id mh;gzpj;J gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. kjk;> ehfhPfk;> ghypdk; vd;w ve;j NtWghby;yhky; kdpj Fyj;jpd; Njitf;F jdJ cjtpia mspj;J tUfpwJ. Vio kw;Wk; gpd;jq;fpa kf;fs;> jhq;fshf Jtf;Fk; ve;j xU Kaw;rpf;Fk; MjuT nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;GfpwJ. cs;@h; $l;lhspfSld;> Fwpg;ghf fpUj;Jt Nfhapy;fNshL njhlh;Gila epWtdq;fs;> muR rhuh epWtdq;fs;> r%f ,af;fq;fs;> Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;NwhL ,ize;J gzpahw;Wtij tpUk;GfpwJ. gadhspfNshL ,ize;J> mjd; $l;lhspfs; cs;@h; ts Nkk;ghl;L Kiwfspy; cjtpAk;> jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jpAk; tUfpd;wdh;. ,t;topahfNt> kpnrshpah; jdJ $l; l hspfSld; ,ize; J njhlh; r ; r pahf khwptUk; rthy; f is vjph;nfhs;fpwJ. www.misereor.de; www.misereor.org V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Fiwe; j ntspapL nghUs; %yk; ,aw; i f ts Mjhuq; f s; Nkyhz; i kf; f hf ghuk; g hpa mwpitAk; > Gjpa fz; L gpbg; G njhopw; E l; g q; f isAk; xd; w pizj; J epiyj; j tho; t hjhug; gzpfis ngUf; F tjpy; <Lgl; L tUfpwJ. V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Ntshz; i kapy; khw;WfisAk;> mwpitAk; ngUf;FtjpYk;> gapw;rpfs; mspg;gjpYk;> tsh;r;rp gzpfspy; <Lgl;L tUk; epWtdq;fNshL njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;JtjpYk;> mDgtq;fis gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;> jf;fhz gPlg+kp gFjpfspy; rpW FW coth;fs; kj;jpapy; gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. V.vk;., epWtdk; Mh;tKs;s tptrhaf; FOf;fSld; gy fpuhkq;fspy; khw;W tptrha Kiwfis ngUf;fTk;> eilKiwg;gLj;jTk; gzp nra;J tUfpwJ. ,e;j gFjpfs; ,aw;if Ntshz; Kiwfis nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpf;Fk; kw; W k; eilKiwg; g Lj; j p nfhz; L tUk; jd; d hh; t f; FOf; f s; kw; W k; $l;likg;GfSf;F fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ,lq;fshfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. www.amefound.org
mwf;fl;lisapd; mwq;fhtyh;fs;: jpU. rpuQ;[Pt; rpq;> IAS - jiyth; Kidth;. vk;. k`hNjtg;gh - cWg;gpdh; Kidth;. vd;.[p. n`f;Nl - cWg;gpdh; Kidth;. b.vk;. jpahfuh[d; - cWg;gpdh; Nguhrphpah;. tp. tPugj;iua;ah - cWg;gpdh; jpU. gp.Nf. rptuhk; - nghUshsh;
Kidth;. V. uh[d;dh - cWg;gpdh; Kidth;. ntq;fNl\; jfj; - cWg;gpdh; Kidth;. r;kpjh g;Nuk;re;jh; - cWg;gpdh; jpU. Nf.tp.v];. gpurhj; - nray; ,af;Fdh; jpU. mNrhf; rhl;lh;[p - cWg;gpdh;
md;ghh;e;j thrfh;fNs>
nghUslf;fk;
yPrh ,e;jpahtpd; ,e;j gjpg;gpy;> $l;L Kaw;rpapd; Mw;wy; Fwpj;J ntspapLtjpy; ehq;fs; kfpo;rr ; pailfpNwhk;.
,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; - 2019
tptrhapfs; jhq; f shfNt xUq; f pizj; j tptrha cw; g j; j pahsh; epWtdj; j pd; %yk; > xbrhtpy; cs; s nfhuhGl; khtl;l tptrhapfs; Njhl;lfiyg; gaph;fspd; tpisnghUl;fis gjg;gLj;jp> kjpg;G $l;b> $l;L tpw;gidia nra;fpd;wdh;. gaph; mWtilia> gz;izapypUe;J re;ij tiu Nkyhz;ik nra;jjhy; tphptile;j jpwikfs; ahTk; tUkhdk; mjpfhpg;gjw;F kl;Lky;yhky;> thjhLk; Mw;wy; kw;Wk; Cf;fKk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.mNjNghy; Nfushtpy; cs;s taehl; gFjpapy; gz;iznghUl;fis xd;whf re;ijf;F nfhz;L nry;tjw;Fk;> ey;y tpiy fpilg;gjw;Fk;> Jtf;fj;jpy; Rkhh; 300 tptrha FLk;gq;fs; xd;W Nrh;ej ; dh;. jw;NghJ 5000 tptrhapfs; epiyj;j Ntshz;ikia Nehf;fp efh;eJ ; gy;tifikia tphptilAk; Nehf;fj;NjhL nray;gLfpd;wdh;.
4 Gjpa kjpg;Gf;$l;lg;gl;l ,izg;Gr;rq;fpyp epiyj;j tho;thjhuj;ij cWjpaspf;Fk;
FyRthkp [fd;dhj; N[dh
9 Ntshz;ik cl;Gw ,izg;Gfisf; nfhz;l tho;T rp.v‡g;.[hd;
xbrhtpy; cs;s myhjpG+h; fpuhkj;i ; j Nrh;ej ; tptrhapfs; ,aw;if Ntshz;ikia filg;gpbf;fpd;wdh;. Ra gad;ghl;il jhz; b > ,th; f s; fha; f wpfis re; i japy; tpw; g id nra;Ak; mstpw;F cw;gj;jp nra;a Jtq;fpdh;. ,aw;if cu gad;ghl;bd; ed;ikfs; Fwpj;J Efh;Nthhplk; Vw;gl;Ls;s tuNtw;ig fz;l tptrhapfs; kPzL ; k; ek;gpf;if nfhz;ldh;. epiyj;jj;jd;ikia> gy;tifikia tphpTg;gLj;Jtjpy; milayhk; vd;W ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls;sjhy;> cg;gu`s;spapy; cs;s gz;id FLk;gq;fs; 50-60 gy;tifik njhopy;fis> FLk; g j; j pw; F Njitahd tUkhdKk; > Cl; l r; r j; J k; $LfpwJ.khwptUk; Rw;Wr;#oypy;> gy;tifik Ntshz;ik %yk; tUkhdk; epiyj;J> tho;thjhuk; tphptilfpwJ.
14 kPd; mkpNdh
xU gaDs;s caphpay; Njh;T
v];. g;Nukyjh
17 ,aw;if Kiwapy; kz; tsj;ij mjpfhpf;Fk; xbrh tptrhapfs; 18 gy;tifik rhFgb rpW tptrhapfspd; jw;Nghija Njit
Ma;tpw;F cjtpGhpe;j midj;J thrfh;fSf;Fk; vq;fSila ed;wpfis $WfpNwhk;. NkYk; njhlh;eJ ; cq;fs; fUj;Jfis gfph;eJ ; nfhs;SkhW Nfl;L nfhs;fpNwhk;.
vk;.vd;.Fy;fh;dp kw;Wk; b.RNu\;
Ntshz;ik cl;Gw ,izg;Gfisf; nfhz;l tho;T
Mrphpah;
9
gy;tifik rhFgb rpW tptrhapfspd; jw;Nghija Njit
18
rp.v‡g;.[hd;
vk;.vd;.Fy;fh;dp kw;Wk; b.RNu\;
gy;tifikia jplkhf ek;Gk;> Nfushit Nrh;ej ; Rkhh; 5000 tptrhapfs;> rpy tUlq;fshf tpij gy;tifikia ghJfhj; J > ngUf; f p tUfpd; w dh; . tpijfisg; guhkhpj;J kw;Wk; Nrkpj;J tUtNjhL kl;Lkpy;yhky;> mth;fspd; tUlhe;jpu tpijj; jpUtpohtpy; mwpitAk; Nrh;j;J gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j 5000 gz;iz FLk; g q; f s; jq; f spd; Nrfhpg; G fNshL epiyj; j Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; ,e;j fpufj;jpy; cs;s tho;tpy; %yjdkhf cUthf;Ffpd;wdh;.
rPNjh\z khw;wj;jpd; tpisTfspdhy; rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfspd; tho;T kpf fbdkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfspd; tho;thjhuk; kpf Nkhrkhd epiyf; F js; s g; g l; L s; s J. ,e; j #o; e piyapy; > gy;tifik rhFgb kl;LNk Ntshz;ikia epiyf;fr; nra;Ak; ek;gpf;ifahf njhpfpwJ. ,jw;F cg;gu`s;sp fpuhkk; Kd;Ndhbahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
3
ngz; njhopy;KidNthu; fUtpapypUe;J vz;nza;ia vLf;fpd;dh;
Gjpa kjpg;Gf;$l;lg;gl;l ,izg;Gr;rq;fpyp epiyj;j tho;thjhuj;ij cWjpaspf;Fk; FyRthkp [fd;dhj; N[dh xbrh khepyj;ij Nrh;e;j nfhuhGl; khtl;l tptrhapfs;> Njhl;lf;fiy tpisnghUl;fis gjg;gLj;Jjy;> kjpg;G $l;Ljy;> xUq;fpize;J tpw;gid nra;jy; Nghd;w gzpfis jhq;fshfNt Nkw;nfhs;s ‘ tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdj;ij” cUthf;fpdh;. tphptile;j jpwd;fis gz;iz Kjy; re;ij tiu gaph; mWtilia Nkk;gLj;JtJ> tptrhapfspd; tUkhdj;ij mjpfhpg;gJ kl;Lkpy;yhky;> mth;fspd; thjhLk; jpwd; kw;Wk; Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; epiyAk; mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ. nfhuhGl; khtl; l k; j]; k e; j ; G +h; tl; l j; i j Nrh; e ; j tptrhapfs; > fhP g ; gl; l j; j pd; N ghJ Kjypy;> ghuk;ghpakhf> ney;> rpWjhdpaq;fs;> kf;fhr;Nrhsk; kw;Wk; Ngnas; Nghd;w gaph;fs; rhFgb nra;J te;jdh;. rkkw;w epyg;gFjp> Fiwe;j kz;zpd; juk; kw;Wk; ghrd trjp Fiwe;jjhy; tptrhapfs; tUlj;jpw;F xU KiwNa mWtil nra; a Kbe; j J. ,aw; i f njhopy; E l; g q; f s; 4
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
Fwpj;J tpopg;Gzh;T ,y;yhjjhy;> tptrhapfs; gioa Kiwia filg;gpbj;J Fiwe;j
Rkhh; 1850 FLk;gq;fs;> 2115 Vf;fh; epyg;gug;gpy; ,aw;if czT rhFgbf;F khwpa gpd;> n`f;NlUf;F 5-10% cw;gj;jp mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
,y; y hjjhy; > tptrhapfs; khw; W tho; t hjhuj; j pw; f hf ,lk;ngah;e;J nry;Yk; epiyf;F js;sg;gl;ldh;. mf;ufhkp vd;w Njrpa njhz;L epWtdk;> cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; jhq;fshfNt rpwe;j <Lghl;Lld; ,e;j rthy;fis mth;fNs> Kiwahf> epiyahd jP h ; T vLg; g jpy; cWjpahf ek;gpdh;. Nf.Nf.v];> eghh; l ; kw; W k; xbrh muR Mfpa epjp epWtdq;fSld; ,ize;J> mf;ufhkp epiyj;j tho;thjhu jpl;lj;ij Jtf;fpaJ. NkYk; fle;j 10 Mz;Lfspy;> caph;r# ; oypay; njhopy;El;gq;fis ngz; njhopy;KidNthh; kQ;ris gjg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh; filg;gpbf;f nra;tjpy; nfhuhGl; khtl;lj;ij Nrh;ej ; kf#y; ngWfpd;w dh;. tptrhapfs; Fiwe; j 4500 rpW> FW tptrhapfs; kw; W k; ngz; thjhLk; jpwd; ngw; w pUg; g jhy; Fiwe; j cw;gj;jpahsh;fis Cf;fg;gLj;jpaJ. tUkhdNk ngWfpd;wdh;. epiyahd tUkhdk;
vq;Nf ngz;fs;> jq;fSila Ra rhh;Gj;jd;ik nfhz;l nrhe;j ghijia cUthf;fp nfhs;th; xbrhtpy; cs;s goq;Fbapd gFjpapy;> kiy Gw;fs; mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. uhaFlh tdg;gFjp cs;s Ntshz; rPNjh\z epiy rpwe;j juKila kiy Fitaiy cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F cfe;jjhf ,Uf; f pwJ. ngUk; g hyhd goq; F bapd kf; f s; kiy Gw;fis Nrfhpj;J> tpw;gid nra;tijNa ek;gpapUf;fpd;wdh;. ,th;fspd; Njitia fUjp> Jilg;gk; jahhpj;J tpw;gid nra;tjpy;> mjpf tsh;r;rpapy; jpwd; cs;s ,e;j njhopy;> tUlj;jpy; rpy fhyq;fspy; epiyj;j tho;thjhu Njh;thf ,Uf;fpwJ. mkh rq;fhj;jd; (ngz;fs; $l;likg;G) 1992 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J uhaFlh khtl;lk; fh\pG+h; tl;lj;jpy; cs;s 1225 ngz;fspd; Kaw;rpahy; tsh;jJ ; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l rq;fkhFk;. goq;Fbapd r%fq; f s; > mth; f shfNt kf; f s; rq; f khf xUq;fpizf;f Kbe;jJ. ngz;fs; jiyikia fpuhk kw; W k; gQ; r haj; J kl; l j; j py; rpwe; j Kiwapy; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpwJ. mkh rq;fhj;jd; r%fk; > fhrpG+h; tl; l j; j py; cs; s gy; N tW
gQ;rhaj;Jfisr; Nrh;e;j 17 kfsph; FOf;fs; ,izg;gpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. uhaFlh khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s kd;bgprp fpuhkj;jpy;> kj;jpa gjg;gLj;Jk; ikak; kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G fplq;Fk; mkh rq; f hj; j d; fP o ; nray; g l; L tUfpwJ. ,J tpisnghUl;fis Nrfhpj;J> gjg;gLj;jp> ,Wjpfl; l j; j pw; F jahh; nra; j nghUl; f is Nkk;gLj;jp> gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUis tpw;gid nra; a g; g LfpwJ. njhlh; e ; J tpisnghUl; f s; gjg; g Lj; j g; g LfpwJ. kiy Gw; f is Nrfhpj; j gpd;dh;> kj;jpa Nrkpg;G fplq;fpw;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;L ,Wjpfl;l gjg;gLj;Jjy; Nkw;nfhs;sgLfpwJ. Ie;J tUlq;fspy; 312 f;tpz;lhypypUe;J 411 Ftpz; l hy; tiu mjpfhpj; J s; s J. ,jd; tpisthf> tUl tUkhdk; xNukhjphpahd fhyj;jpy; &.12>50>000 ypUe;J &. 17>20>000 Mf mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. xt;nthU tUlKk; ,yhgj;ij cWg;gpdh;fs; kj;jpapy; rkkhf gphpj;J nfhs;th;. ngz; njhopyhsh; f s; Rarhh; G j; j d; i kia miltjpy; ntw;wpngw;Ws;sdh;. yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
5
tptrhap cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdj;jpd; ntw;wpf;fij tptrhapfSf;F epahakhd tUkhdk; fpilg;gjw;F 87 fpuhkq;fisr; Nrh;e;j tptrha kw;Wk; ngz; FOf;fis <LgLj;jp> mf;ufhkp epWtdk; > j]; k e; j ; G +h; Ke; j php gjg; g Lj; J k; > kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdj; i j Cf; F tpj; j J. tptrhapfs; cw; g j; j pahsh; epWtdk; > nghUshjhuj; j py; Vo; i kahf cs; s > r%fj; j py; eyptile; j ngz; f s; kw; W k; tptrhapfspd; njhopy; Kidtij Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; njhopy; tsh;r;rp %yk; jpwikia ,yhgkhf khw;Wtjw;Fk; cjTfpwJ. j];ke;j;G+h; Ke;jphp gjg; g Lj; J k; > kw; W k; re; i jgLj; J tjw; f hd cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdk;> Nk 2016 Mk; Mz;L> 87 fpuhkq; f isr; Nrh; e ; j > 2050 Kd; N dhb tptrhapfis nfhz; l 87 tptrhapfs; cw;gj;jpahsh; FOf;fis (37 cj;ahd; tpfh]; rkpjp kw;Wk; 50 ngz; FOf;fs;) cs;slf;fp cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. 2009 kw;Wk; 2011 Mk; Mz;b w;F kj; jpapy; fpuhkj;jpypUe;j cj;ahd; tpfh]; rkpjp kw;Wk; ngz; FOf;fs; nfhz;L> tptrhapfs; cw;gj;jpahsh;fs;
FOthf xUq; f pizf; f g; g l; l J. mth; f s; Nrkpg;G fzf;if Jtf;fp> cWg;gpdh;fSf;F Njitg;gLk;NghJ> fld; toq;fg;gl;L te; j J. nkJthf> cWg; g pdh; f s; Ntshz; Njhl;lg;gaph;fs; cw;gj;jp Kiwfspy; Ke;jphp> kQ;rs;> vz;nza;tpj;J gaph;fs;> gaW tif gaph;fs;> kh> kuts;spf;fpoq;F> kiyapy; tsUk; xU tif Gjh; nrb kw;Wk; rpWjhdpaq;fs; Mfpatw;iw gad;gLj;jpdh;. tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rq;fj;jpy;> cw;gj;jpj;jpwid tphpTg;gLj;Jtjw;Nf Kjypy; mjpf Kf; f paj; J tk; mspf; f g; g LfpwJ. Njhl;lf;fiy tptrhapfs; kj;jpapy; epiyj;j njhopy;El;gq;fs; Fwpj;J Cf;fg;gLj;jp tUfpwJ. brk;gh; 2017 Mk; Mz;L ,Wjpapy;> Rkhh; 1850 FLk;gq;fs;> 2115 Vf;fh; epyg;gug;gpy; ,aw;if czT rhFgbf;F khwpa gpd;> n`f;NlUf;F 5-10% cw;gj;jp mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. xl;Luf ehw;Wfs;> Fop cuk;> kz;GOcuk;> jput vU> gRe;jhs; cuk;> ghid cuk; Nghd;w ,aw;if ,LnghUl;fis tptrhapfs; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F Cf;fg;gLj;jp tUfpwJ. gapw;rpfs;> nra;Kiw tpsf;fk; kw;Wk; fy;tpr;Rw;Wyh %yk; fw;Wf;nfhz;l> %lhf;F> tl;l ghj;jpaikj;jy;>
kiy Jilg;gq;fspd; juj;ij Efh;Nthh; ghh;itapLfpwhh;
6
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
Ke;jphp Njhl;lk; mikg;gjpd; %yk; goq;FbapdUf;F ey;y tUkhdj;ij cWjpnra;a KbfpwJ.
njspg;G ghrdk;> jhtuq;fis fl;Ljy; Nghd;w njhopy; E l; g q; f isAk; gpd; g w; W fpd; w dh; . 56 f puh k q; fs p y p Ue;J> f p l ;l j l ;l 1275 tptrhapfs; Ke;jphp Njhl;lj;ij tsh;j;J> xU kuj;jpw;F 5-7 fpNyh Ke;jphpia mWtil nra;fpd;wdh;. mNjkhjphp> 53 fpuhkq;fspypUe;J 1109 tptrhapfs; kh Njhl;lj;ij tsh;j;J> xU kuj; j pw; F 12-15 fpNyh vd; w hP j papy; kf#iy mWtil nra;fpd;wdh;. ,LnghUs; tpw; g idahsh; f shd xhprh khepy Ke; j php $l; L wT tsh; r ; r p ikak; > Ntshz; Nrit ikak; kw;Wk; cj;fy; tpijfs; kw;Wk; ehw;Wfs; Mfpatw; N whL tptrha cw; g j; j pahsh; f s; rq; f k; ,izf; f g; g l; l J. 58 fpuhkq; f spy; cs;s Rkhh; 1250 tptrhapfs; kiy Fitay; rhFgbapy; <LgLfpd;wdh;. Kd;G ,jd; rhFgb tP z hd epyj; j py; nra; a g; g l; l J> Mdhy; jw;NghJ jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; nghJ epyj;jpYk; Kiwahf nra;ag;gLfpwJ. gy;NtW gjg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfspy; jpwd; tsh;g;G gapw;rp %yk; kiy Fitay; rhFgb> gjg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; kjpg;G $l;Ljy; Fwpj;j tphptile;j jpwd; kw;Wk; mwpT nfhz;L tptrhapfs; Vf;fUf;F 400-450 fpNyh mWtil nra; a KbAk; . MW fpuhkq; f spy; cs; s 79 tptrhapfs; kQ; r s; rhFgbapy; <Lgl;ldh;. kQ;rs; rhFgbapy; gjg;gLj;Jjy;> kjpg;G $l;Ljy; Mfpa xUq;fpize;j Kaw;rpfs; Vf; f Uf; F fpl; l j; j l; l 10000-12000 fpNyh
kf#y; fpilj;jJ. Nrfhpj;jy;> gjg;gLj;Jjy;> kjpg;G$l;Ljy; Mfpatw;iw jhz;b> jw;NghJ 32 fpuhkq; f spy; 407 tptrhapfs; epiyj; j njhopy;El;g rhFgbapy; <Lgl;ljdhy;> Vf;fUf;F 18000-22000fpNyh kf#y; fpilf;fpwJ.
kjpg;G $l;Ljy; kw;Wk; tpw;gid tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rq;f cWg;gpdh;fs; gjg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; kjpg;G $l;Ljy; Fwpj;j gapw; r pf; F gpwF> gy; N tW kjpg; G $l; L jy; Kiwfis nra; j dh; . (ml; l tiz 1 I ghh; f ; f ) cs; @ h; rpd; d k; cUthf; f g; g l; l J. tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rq;fj;jpy;> tptrha tpw;gidf;FOthy;> kh kw;Wk; Ke;jphpia kjpg;G $l;Ljy; nra;j mNj Neuj;jpy;> kiy Fitay; kw;Wk; kQ;rs; Mfpatw;iw gjg;gLj;Jjiy ngz;fs; rq;fk; nra;jJ. tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rq;fj;jpd; tptrha cWg; g pdh; f s; jq; f s; tpisnghUl; f is xd;WNrh;j;J> mtw;iw cs;@h; kw;Wk; efur; re;ijfSf;F vLj;J nry;fpd;wdh;. mf;ufhkp epWtdj; j hy; tptrha cw; g j; j pahsh; f s; rq;fj;jpy; cs;s gpujpepjpfSf;F nfhs;Kjy; Kiwia ifahSk; gapw;rpia topelj;jpaJ. tpw; g id nfhs; i f kw; W k; ifNaLfspy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l tiuaiwfis nfhz;L nfhs;Kjiy epahakhd Kiwapy; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
7
ml;ltiz 1 - kjpg;Gf;$l;lg;gl;l tpisnghUl;fs; t. vz;
tpisnghUspd; ngah;
kjpg;G $l;lg;gl;l tpisnghUs;
nray;gLj;jpath;
1
Ke;jphp
Ke;jphp gUg;G
j];ke;j;G+h; Ke;jphp gUg;G
tptrha njhopw; FO
2
khq;fha;
CWfha;> mk;#h;> cyh;e;j kh Nff;
j];ke;j;G+h; CWfha;
tptrha njhopw; FO
3
kiy Jilg;gk;
Jilg;gk; ([hJ)
Mkh `hy;b
kfsph; FO
4
kQ;rs;
kQ;rs; J}s;
\;uj;jh
kfsph; FO
juf;fl;Lg;ghLfs; filgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. ,ilj; j ufh; f is mfw; w p tptrhapfSf; F ey;y tpiy fpilf;Fk;. kjpg;Gf; $l;lg;gl;l kw;Wk; gjg;gLj;jpa nghUl;fis Efh;NthUf;F Neubahf tpw;gid nra;tjw;F> j];te;j;G+hpy; tpw;gidafk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. 2017 Mk;Mz;L ,Wjpapy; 255 ld; Ke;jphp> 145 ld; khk;gok; kw;Wk; 41 ld; kiy Fitay; Mfpatw;iw tpw;gid nra;tjw;F> xt;nthU cw; g j; j pahsh; / gq; F jhuUf; F k; &.53>840 tUkhdk; fpilj;jJ. tptrhapfs; cw;gj;jpahsh; rq;fk;> xbrh fpuhk tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; tpw;gid r%fk; kw;Wk; gp.rp.vk; Vw;Wkjpahsh;fNshL ,izf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Kaw;rpNahL> tptrha cWg;gpdh;fspd; tUkhdk; 40% rjtpfpjkhf cah;eJ ; s;sJ. cjhuzkhf> ,ilj;jufh;fsplk; tpw;gid nra;Ak;NghJ> j];ke;j;G+h; tl;lj;jpy; cs;s khpr;rFlh fpuhkj;ij Nrh;e;j kQ;rs; tptrhapfs; xU Ftpz;lhy; kQ;rs; &.8000 kl;LNk fpilf;fpwJ. jw;NghJ kjpg;G$l;lgl;l gpd;G xU Ftpz;lhy; kQ;rs; J}s; &. 15000> Neubahf re;ijapy; tpw;gid nra;tjd; %yk; fpilf;fpwJ. mNj khjphp> Ke;jphp> khk;gok; kw;Wk; kiy Fitay; tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fSf;F 40% tUkhdk; cah;e;Js;sJ. re;ij ,izg;GfNshL> Efh;NthHf;F Neubahf tpw; g id nra; a Tk; > tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rq;fk;> tptrha jpUtpohit Vw;ghL nra;fpwJ. NkYk; ,J> vy;NyhuhYk; ghh; f ; f g; g Lk; . tpw; g idia jhz; b tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rq;fk;> mtru fld;> cw;gj;jpf; fld; Efh;nghUs;fSf;fhd tpw;gid Nritfs; kw;Wk; tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fSf;Fj; Njitahd ,ju Ntshz; cw;gj;jpf;fhd cjtp ikaq;fs; MfpaitAk; mspf;fgLfpwJ.
KbTfs; Kaw;rpfis xUq;fpizj;J gz;iz ,LnghUs; f Sf; f hd Njitia G+h; j ; j p nra;tJ> NkYk; tpisnghUl;fis Neubahf 8
cs;@h; rpd;dj;jpd; ngah;
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
tpw;gid nra;tij mjpfhpj;J tptrhapfspd; tUkhdj; i j mjpfhpf; f cjTfpwJ. ,J mth;fspd; Nguk; NgRk; jpwid tphpTgLj;JfpwJ. ,e;j nfhs;Kjy; Kiwfs;> ,e;jg; gFjpapy; tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rq;fj;jpw;F cjtp miyfshf> tptrhapfs; kj; j papy; kl;Lkpy;yhky; mYtyf kl;lj;jpYk; mbj;jd. vdpDk; > ,d; D k; rpy rthy; f s; cs; s d. tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rq;fk;> xU ghpe; J iuf; F k; ikakhf tsh; j ; n jLg; g jw; F njhz;L epWtdq;fs; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ,th;fs; r%f gzpf;fhd jj;Jtj;ij mbg;gilahf nfhz;Nl nray;gLfpd;wdh;. tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rq;fk; tsh;tjw;F> tpw;gid kw;Wk; njhopy; jpwd; Fwpj;j Ghpjy; ,Ug;gJ mtrpak;. NkYk;> ,J cs;@h; njhz;L epWtdj;jpd; jpwikiaAk; jhz;ba nrayhFk;. tptrha cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; rq;f tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd caph;r# ; oy; mtrpakhFk;. Vnddpy;> ,J kpf Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;Fk; Ntshz;-kjpg;G rq;fpypahdJ> gz;izapy; njhlq;fp njhiy J}uk; ,Uf;Fk; re;ijapy; KbAk; tiu> gy fl;lj;ij re;jpf;Fk; epiyapy; cs;sJ. gazk; jw;NghJjhd; Jtq;fpAs;sJ. Kulaswami Jagannath Jena Project Coordinator -Eco Village Development Agragamee Kashipur, Rayagada, Odisha, India. www.agragamee.org E-mail: kulaswami13@gmail.com %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> khh;r; 2018> thy;a+k; 20> ,jo; 1
mopAk; tpspk;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; gy;NtW ,ufq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;F> tpijj;jpUtpoh ,ae;jpukhf ,Uf;fpwJ
Ntshz;ik cl;Gw ,izg;Gfisf; nfhz;l tho;T rp.v‡g;.[hd; gy;tifikia jplkhf ek;Gk;> Nfushit Nrh;ej ; Rkhh; 5000 tptrhapfs;> rpy tUlq;fshf tpij gy; t ifikia ghJfhj; J > ngUf; f p tUfpd; w dh; . tpijfisg; guhkhpj; J kw;Wk; Nrkpj;J tUtNjhL kl;Lkpy;yhky;> mth;fspd; tUlhe;jpu tpijj; jpUtpohtpy; mwpitAk; Nrh;j;J gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j 5000 gz;iz FLk;gq;fs; jq;fspd; Nrfhpg;GfNshL epiyj;j Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; ,e;j fpufj;jpy; cs;s tho;tpy; %yjdkhf cUthf;Ffpd;wdh;. jw;NghJ ehk; mDgtpj;J tUk; kz; kw;Wk; tho;tpd; nray;Kiwf;F kj;jpapy; tsh;eJ ; tUk; gphpTld;> ek; vz;zq;fs; kw;Wk; tho;tpw;fhd mikg;Gfs; mjpfstpy; RUq;fpaJ> mjdhy; clystpy; kw;Wk; cldbahf vd;w epiyapy; ek; jpwikia <LgLj;JtJ Fiwe;Js;sJ. ,J ngUk;ghYk; mh;j;jkw;wJ> vd;dnty;yhk; gphpe;jNjh kw;Wk; RUq;f paNjh> mJ ekf; F cldbahfTk; > cz; i kahfTk; ,Ug; g jhf czh;fpNwhk;> ,jdhy; ekJ tho;it epiyg;gjw;F cWJizahf ,Uf;Fk;
cz;ikahd nray;Kiwfis mtkjpf;fpNwhk;. kz; kw;Wk; mjNdhL gzp nra;tJ xd;Nw cz;ikahd ,izg;G. NkYk; ekJ cly;fs; epiyj;jpUg;gjw;F cjTk;. ehk; ,d;W nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; $Ljy; gzpfis nra;tjw;Fk; mDkjpf;Fk;. ,JNt KOikAk; kw;Wk; epiwTk; milfpwJ. Nfush epaha re;ijfspd; xUq;fpizg;gpd; epiyahd Kaw;rpfNshL> fle;j 12 Mz;Lfspy; Nfushtpd; ehd;F tl khtl;lq;fisr; Nrh;e;j 25000 cWg; g pdh; f s; > nfhs; K jy; nra; j y; > yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
9
Raepiyapy; cs;s Efh;Nthh; jw;NghJ ghJfhg;ghd tpisnghUspd; cz;ikahd kjpg;ig Ghpe;Jnfhz;ldh;
ghJfhj; j y; > midj; J tpjkhd tpijfs; > jhtu nghUl;fs;> ghuk;ghpa fhy;eil> %ypif jhtuq;fs;> ghuk;ghpa kw;Wk; fhl;L kuq;fs; kw; W k; ,ju caph; nghUl; f is epiyj; j Kiwapy; ghpkhw;wk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. Nfushtpy; tptrha epyg;gpur;rid cr;rj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> v‡g;.b.v.Nf vd;w mikg;G 2005 Mk; Mz;L> NfhopNfhl;by; vypnkd;l;> vd;w kpf gioa ,aw;if mq;fhbapd; chpikahsuhd lhkp Nkj;Athy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. taehil Nrh; e ; j 300 FLk; g q; f s; Kjypy; ,jpy; cWg;gpdh;fs; Mapdh;. Jtf;fj;jpy; jq;fSila gz; i z tpisnghUl; f Sf; F tpw; g id trjpia mjpfhpf;f Kaw;rp vLf;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk; epahakhd tpw;gidia cWjpnra;a> rpwg;ghd tpiyfis ngWtjw;F fye;Jiuahl Ntz;Lk;. tptrhapfspd; jd;khdk; ,e;j Kaw;rpfspd; kj;jpapy; cs;sJ. jw;NghJ ,e;j Filf;Fs; Rkhh; 5000 FLk;gq;fs;> 25000 cWg;gpdh;fNshL mjd; tuyhw; W Kaw; r pfshy; Nfush kiy rhh; e ; j tpisnghUl; f Sf; F epahakhd tpw;gid trjpfs; ngw;W> kyghh; kiyg;gFjp jdp milahsj;ij cUthf;fpAs;sJ. epiyj;j cw; g j; j p nryit rkd; nra; A k; tifapy; > jq;fs; cWg;gpdh;fSf;F epahakhd tpiyapy; 10
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
Ntshz; tpisnghUl; f shd Ke; j php> fhgp nfhl; i l> thrid nghUl; f s; > Njq; f ha; Nghd;witfis nfhs;Kjy; nra;tjpy;> ,e;j mikg;G Kd;Djhuzkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e; j mikg; G Jtf; f j; j py; ,yhgk; <l; L k; tifapy; tpiyia cah;jJ ; jy; kw;Wk; epahakhd tpw;gid trjpfs; cUthf;FtNj Nehf;fkhf ,Ue; j J. ,d; W ,e; j epWtdk; ,tw; w py; tsh;r;rpaile;J> Xhpdg;;gaph;r;rhFgb Kiwia xJf; f p> caph; g y; t ifikf; f hf epiyj; j kw;Wk; ,aw;if rhFgb njhopy;El;gq;fis nfhz;L> xU ,af;fkhf khwpaJ. ,J jtwhd njhopy; E l; g cgNahfj; i j jLj; j jw; f hd ntw; w pf; F wp. ,th; f s; nghJ ed; i kf; f hf tpijfis kP z ; L k; Nrfhpj; j dh; . kw; n whU hP j papy; ,J czT Rje; j puj; i j ikakhf itj;J nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. xt;nthU cWg;gpdhpd; gz;izAk;> gy;NtW gz;Gfis nfhz; l jhtuq; f s; kw; W k; tpyq; F fs;
,d;W ehk; vLf;Fk; Njh;Nt Kf;fpak; ,q;F tpijg; ghJfhg;gJ> ekJ tho;fi ; fapy; Njh;itAk; ghJfhf;fpNwhk;.
cs;slf;fpa xU rpwpa kio fhlhf> Fwpg;ghf Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyg; gFjpf;F cfe;jjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,jd; Fwpf;Nfhs;. jw; N ghJ ghJfhf; f g; g l; l tdg; g Fjpahf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vg;.b.v.Nf epWtdk;> mjd; cWg;gpdh;fSf;F> xU kjpg;Gkpf;f mikg;ghf khwpaJ. ,J mth;fspd; tpisnghUl;fSf;F epahakhd tpiy fpilg;gJ kl;Lky;yhky;> jplkhd [dehaf KiwNahL mth;fspd; tho;thjhuj;ij kw;Wk; tho;it> gFjpf; N fw; w thWk; > cz; i kahd topapYk; vg;gb cah;j;jpf;nfhs;tJ vd;gJ kj;jpa kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy jpl;lq;fshf toq;fg;gLfpwJ.
tpijj; jpUtpoh - tpij chpikahsh;fis xUq;fpizj;jy; ,jd; mbg;gilapy;> vg;.b.v.Nf tpd; tpijj;jpUtpoh efh;eJ ; > NkYk; cWjpnra;fpwJ. ,J vjph;f;fhyj;jpd; ehbj;Jbg;gpw;F ek;gpf;ifaspf;fpwJ. epyk; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpd; Nky; nray; g hL kw; W k; cj; N tfk; nfhz; L caph;j;jpUg;gjw;fhd vjph;ghh;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ. ,jd; gq; F jhuh; f s; tho; T kpFjpahfTk; kpFjpapd; tho;thfTk;> fUjp Kd; itf;fpd;wdh;. kz; > kio> kuq; f s; > nrbfs; > gwitfs; > tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; rj;Jf;fs; Nghd;w gy;NtW cUtq; f s; %yk; Mrphpah; f shf ek; k plk; te; J > tP z hf; f hj my; y J Njq; f p fplf; F k; nrhj; J f; f spypUe; J jpUg; j pailjy; kw; W k; gfph;jy; Fwpj;J> xt;nthd;Wk; xU r%fkhf ,Ue;J kw;nwhd;wpw;F QhgfgLj;jpAk;> kPz;Lk; fw;Wf;nfhLf;fTk; nra;jJ. gz;izfSk;> tpijj; jpUtpoh Vw;ghL nra;ag;gLk; ,lKk;> ghuk; g hpa tpijfis Nrfhpj; J > mjid ngUf;Fk; Kiw Fwpj;j mDgtk; kw;Wk; mwpit gfpUk; ,lkhf cUthfpAs;sJ. ehk; tho; e ; J nfhz; b Uf; F k; fhyk; > tho; T KOtJk;; ,y;yhik kw;Wk; vOjg;gl;l tbtpy; cs;s ek;gpf;if Mfpatw;why; vhpA+l;lg;gl;l Nfhgk; njhlh;e;J mjpfhpj;J tUtij cWjpg; g Lj; J fpwJ. Kuz; g hlhf> ,aw; i f kw; W k; cah; e ; J tUk; ,aw; i fapy; cs; s ,e; j ek; g pf; i f Fiwe; J > NkYk; cw; g j; j p nra;Ak; tpijfspy; mr;RWj;jYk; ntWg;GNk ,Uf; f pwJ. Mdhy; tpijj; j pUtpohtpy; tho;tpd; epiyf;Fk; tpijfs; ghJfhg;gNjhL> mf; f iw> Cf; F tpj; j y; > ghJfhg; g J kw; W k; ghpkhwpf; n fhs; t J Mfpatw; i wAk; Kf; f pa kjpg;Gfshf Cf;F tpf;f g;g LfpwJ. mjdhy; vd;Dila vz;zj;jpy;> ,J ntWk;
tpijfs; kw;Wk; mwpit ghpkhwpnfhs;tjw;F jpUtpoh xU Nkilahf fUjg;gLfpwJ
tpijfis ghJghg; g J kl; L ky; y > mtw; i w ahh; > vg; g b ghJfhf; f pd; w dh; vd; ; g Jjhd; Kf;fpak;. ngUk;ghYk; tWikapy; thLk; kw;Wk; gytP d khf ,Ug; g th; f Ns ,e; j ghh; i tf; F Gyg;glhj ,ufq;fis Nrfhpj;J> mth;fspd; md;whl tho;f;ifapy; Rthrk; ngWfpd;wdh;. xt;nthU fhl;rpaj;jpYk; ehk; ntWk; tpijfis fhztpy;iy> Nrfhpg;gpy; jpahfk; nra;jthpd; typik Gyg; g LfpwJ. tpijfs; mth; f spd; md;gpw;fhd gzpahf njhpfpwJ. mjdhy;jhd;; ,it jq; f s; kdjpypUe; J NgRfpwJ. ,e; j tpij> gzpapd; fTutj; i jAk; > xd; w hf ,Ug;gJ> ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; ngUik Mfpatw;wpd; moFk; ntspg; g LfpwJ. mth; f s; ,e; j g; gzpia mth;fspd; vjph;fhy re;jjpapdUf;fhd gq;fspg;ghf epidf;fpd;wdh;. ehk; nghUl;fhl;rp fhz nrd;W> kw;w epfo; r ; r pfis fhZk; Kiwapy; gy; N tW mh;j;jq;fis njhiyj;J tpLfpNwhk;. Rkhh; 60 fhl; r paq; fspYk; > mrhjhuzkhd gy;tifikia nfhz;l tpijfis ghh;itf;F cs; s J. rhjhuz> mrhjhuz> jdpj; J tk; > fpl;ljl;l moptpy; cs;s kw;Wk; nghJthd gz; G fs; nfhz; l 6000 jpw; F k; Nkw; g l; l ,ufq;fs; midj;Jk; ,Ue;jJ. fpl;ljl;l 200 ney; ,ufq;fs;> 150 gaW tiffs;> gy tifahd fj;jphp> kpsfha;> kpsF> fUizf;fpoq;F> fPiu> fpoq; F tiffs; > goq; f s; > nfhl; i lfs; > %ypifr; nrbfs;> cUthf;fg;gl;l fhy;eilfs;> midj;Jk; Mjhukhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ahh; mf;fiw vLj;J ,tw;iw capNuhl;lkhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W epidf;fpwhh;fNsh> mth;fNs ,tw;iw toq;fpdh;. ntWk; capNuhL my;y> MNuhf;fpaj;JlDk;> J}a;ikahfTk; ,Uf;f Kaw;rpfs; vLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ek;gpf;if r%fq;fs; J}a; i kf; fhf Nghuhbf; n fhz; bUf; f> ,q; F yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
11
v‡g.b.v.Nj tpij jpUtpohtpw;F te;j ghh;itahsu;fs;
,e;j tptrhapfs; mikjpahf> mtruj;JlDk;> mwpTlDk; > fz; kw; W k; iffis jpwe; J nfhz; L > tUlhtUlk; tpijfs; kP z ; L k; MNuhf;fpakhf fpilg;gjw;F Njitahd <ug;gjk;> Ez;Zaph;fs;> fhw;W> ntg;gk; Mfpatw;NwhL kz;iz Nkk;gLj;jp tsh;ff ; pd;wdh;. midj;J kpFjpahd gy; t ifik kw; W k; tho; t py; xd;Wf;nfhd;W rhh;ej ; pUf;Fk; tbtq;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju tbtq;fNshL> ekJ tho;tpy; kPz;Lk; MNuhf;fpak; kw;Wk; Rj;jk; ngwyhk;. ghuk;ghpa ,aw; i f tptrhak; mth; f spd; Ghpjy; ey; y mwpit mspf;Fk;. ,J ngz; tptrhapfshf ,Ue;jhy;> gpd; epWtdj;jpd; cs;Ns jpwik tha;e;j gapw;rpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; ty;Ydh;fshf cUthfp xU nrhj;jhf ,Uf;fpd;wdh; vd;gij ehd; czh; f pNwd; . ,jpy; Kf; f pakhdJ vd;dntd;why;> tpijj; jpUtpohit ghh;itapl tUk; ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs;> tho;tpy; mf;fiw fhl;b> NkYk; fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tha;gg ; ha; ,Ue;J ,e;j tho;it tphptila nra;fpwJ. mjdhy;> jq; f s; tpijfs; kw; W k; ghJfhg; g jw; f hd mwpit ghpkhwpf; n fhs; S k; vz; z q; f s; xd;W NrUk; ,lkhf cs;sJ. vd; vz;zk; tUj; j g; g lf; $ ba tifapy; j hd; ; ehd; gzp nra;fpNwd; vd;W vz;zpf;nfhz;Nld;. ekJ 12
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
fhyj;jpy; ,J cz;ikahd gzp> Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; tho;T ,e;j kz;zpy; njhlh;tjw;F ,JNt KjyPL. VNjDk; xU gz;izf;F xUth; ghh;itapLk;NghJ> miu Vf;fh; Kjy; 3 Vf;fh; tiu> gytif gaph; f shd fhgp> thridg; gaph;fs;> Njq;fha;> goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfs; midj; J k; xNu gz; i zapy; fhzyhk; > NkYk; xd;Wf;F kj;jpapy; ,d;ndhd;W vd tsh;fpwJ. G+kpf;fbapy; cs;s fpoq;F Kjy; cauj; j py; cs; s njd; i d kuk; tiu> kz; Kjy; thdk; tiu> gy gy tifahd czT kw;Wk; gzg;gaph;fs;. ,e;j gz;iz kpfg;nghpa ntg;gkz;ly G+kpahf fhzyhk;. 5000 gz;iz FLk;gq;fspd; <Lghl;Lld;> mth;fs; Nrfhpj;j tpijfNshL> ehq;fs; kpfg;nghpa ghuk;ghpa tpij ghJfhg; G Kaw; r pia ,e; j pahtpd; Nkw;Fj;njhlh;r;rp kiyapy; fhzyhk;. jw;NghJ tpijj; jpUtpohthdJ tpij Rje; j uj; i j ‘tpj;J ];tuh[;” Nehf;fp nry;fpwJ. ,d; W xt; n thU Nrkpg; G k; tpij tq; f pahf khwpaJ. ,e;j FOtpy; cs;s xU tpij fhg;ghsh; ‘,d;W ehd;> rh;f;fiu> cg;G kw;Wk; !B J}s; jtpu kspif nghUl;fs; xd;Wk; thq;f Ntz;ba
Njit ,y;iy. midj;Jk; vd;Dila my;yJ vdJ Rw;wj;jhh; gz;izapNyNa fpilf;fpwJ vd;W $wpdhh;.”
fhl; L fpwJ. NkYk; nghUshjhu topiaj; jhz;b vg;gb xUth; r%f nghUshjhuj;jpy; gq;Nfw;ghh;.
tpijj; jpUtpohtpd; Jtf;fj;jpy; xUthplNk ,Uf;Fk; tpij> jw;NghJ gyhplk; ,Uf;fpwJ. tptrhapfs; NgRk; n ghOJ> tpijfs; vg; g b mf;fiwNahL> jdpg;gl;l ftdj;Jld; ghJfhf; f Ntz; L k; vd; g ij Nfl; f yhk; . ‘midj; J k; jd; nrhe; j iffshy; nra; a Ntz;Lk;> ,ij jdpahf mDgtpg;gJ mtrpak;“ vd;W mth;fs; $Wth;. tpijfhg;ghsh; ,Uf;Fk; c\hh; j ; j d; i kf; F epfuhd c\hh; epiy ghh; i tahshplk; ,y; i ynad; w hy; > cly; hPjpahd nray;ghl;by; Ghpjy; jtwpl NehpLk; vd;w tho;tpd; ,ufrpaj;ij $Wfpwhh;.
tpopj;jpUf;Fk; Efh;Nthh;
‘ePq;fs; ftpQuhf ,Ue;jhy;> xU fhfpjj;jpy; Nkfq;fs; kpje;jpUg;gij njspthf fhzyhk;. Nkfq; f s; ,y; y hky; kio ,Uf; f hJ> kio ,y;yhky;> kuk; ,y;iy> kuk; ,y;yhky; fhfpjk; ,y;iy” vd;W xU Kiw jpr; Nel; `hd; $wpdhh;. xU Kiw ehk; ,e;j fijia jiyfPohf rpe;jpj;J ghh;j;jhy;> ,e;j ftpijia ehk; Nkfq;fspy; fhzyhk;> fhfpjj;jpy; vOjNtz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy. mjdhy; kuq;fs;> kio kw;Wk; Nkfq;fs; midj;Jk; jpUk;gyhk;. ,e;j tpij fhg;ghsh;fs; kz; kw; W k; tpijfisNa ftpijfshf ghh;f;fpd;wdh;. ,J cly; hPjpahd ,izg;gpy; nfhz;lhLk; ftpij.
tpijfs; xd;WNrh;eJ ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W ghpl;rpak; nra;Jnfhs;Sk; vz;zk; KOtJk; Mh;tkpf;f cj;Ntfj;ij itj;Jf;nfhz;L> ehk; rhjhuzkhf ghh;f;Fk; jpUtpohNt> nghUl;fhl;rpapypUe;J NtWgl;lJ. rpy Neuq; f spy; ek; i k mhpahkNyNa etP d cyfj;jpd; ghh;it <h;f;Fk;> Mdhy; tpijj; jpUtpoh ,e; j etP d gz; G fisnay; y hk; vjph;f;fpwJ. ,q;F tUk; midtUk; VNjDk; xU nghWg; g py; gq; n fLf; f pd; w dh; . ,e; j epfo;T epahakhd fhuzj;ij jhq;fp> epfo;r;rp Nkyhsh;> Kfikfs; kw;Wk; Clfj;jpd; jiyaPL ,y; y hky; elj; j g; g l; l J. xU cz; i kahd tptrhapf;F> vd;d Njit> vJ tPzhFk;> vg;gb rpy tp\aq; f is nray; g Lj; J tJ vd; g J njhpAk; . mjdhy; ,J gphpf; f g; g l; l tw; i w cz; g jw; f hd jpUtpoh ,y; i y> ek; K ila Rygkhd Ritfis Qhgfg;gLj;JfpwJ> NkYk; xUth; vg;gb gpufhrpf;f KbAk; vd;gij ekf;F fhl;LfpwJ. ehk; xw;Wik topia kwe;jpUg;gij
rpy gFjp kf;fs; jw;NghJ> Efh;Nthh; gz;Gfspd; khw;wq;fSNfw;g mjpf tpopg;Gzh;T Vw; g LfpwJ. NkYk; gbg; g hsh; f s; Njh; T nra; A k; cah; kjpg; G rq; f pypapy; vjph; k iw jhf; f k; Vw; g lf; $ lhJ vd; g jw; f hf mjpf Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. tpopj;jpUf;Fk; Efh;Nthh;> tpisnghUspd; cz;ik kjpg;ig Ghpe; J nfhs; t jw; F ,JNt rhpahd Neuk; > ,jdhy; ,th;fs; Nguk;NgRtij jtph;g;gh;. epahakhd re; i j vd; g J tise; j re; i j> Efh; N thh; f spd; epahakhd> tpUg; g g; g b tpisnghUl;fs; toq;Ftjw;fhd Kaw; r pahFk; . Efh; N thhpd; Nfhl; g hLfs; itj; J > cw; g j; j pahsh; f Sf; F Neubahf cjtpGhpfpwJ. NkYk;> rhjhuz re;ij tpiy khw;whf MNuhf;fpa tpisnghUl;fSf;F mjpf tpiy nfhLf;fTk; jahuhf ,Uf;;fpd;wdh;. vg;.b.v.Nf. tpd; Kaw;rp> rpW tptrhapfspd; gzp kw;Wk; mwpit ikakhf ,Uf;Fk; epiyj;j czT kw;Wk; epiyaw;w njhopw;rhiy rhh;e;j czT Kiwia> Ml;rp nra;Ak; vz;zf;$ba mstpy; cs;s fhh;gNul; fk;ngdpfs;> kj;jpapy; mtjpg; g LfpwJ vd; W xU ghh; i tahsh; $wpdhh;. r%fj; j pw; F vjpuhf cs; s epjpapd; top nghUshjhuk;> nghpa fhh;gNul; fk;ngdpfd; gutyhf;f cUthf;Fk; Gjpa Af;jpapy; ,y;iy> gjpyhf rpwpjhf ,Ue; j hYk; Koikahd cjhuzkhf> kf;fSf;F nrd;wilAk; epiyapy; ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; . ,th; f s; kw; w th; f Sf; F Kd; N dhbaha; ,Ug; g h; > NkYk; fhapypUe; J tpijfs; glh; t JNghy; glh; t h; . vg; . b.v.Nf Fiwe; j fhykhf ,Ue; j hYk; > mth; f s; Kd;Ndhbahf ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. For References, contact author C F John can be contacted at cfjohn23@gmail.com %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> khh;r; 2018> thy;a+k; 20> ,jo; 1
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
13
kPd; mkpNdh xU gaDs;s caphpay; Njh;T v];. g;Nukyjh kz; tsj;ij mjpfhpf;f kPd; mkpNdh> xU rpwe;j jPht ; hf jkpo; ehl;by; cs;s tptrha FOf;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;. jior;rj;J mjpfkhf cs;s kPd; mkpNdh> jior;rj;ij mspf;Fk; cuj;ij Fiwg;gNjhL kl;Lkpy;yhky;> kf#iy mjpfhpf;Fk; tsh;rr ; p Cf;fpahfTk; gad;gLfpwJ. MNuhf;fpa gpur;ridfis cUthf;Fk; tPzhf;fg;gl;l nghUspypUe;J jahhpf;fg;gLk; kPd; mkpNdh> xU gFjpapYs;s khRit Fiwf;fTk; gad;gLfpwJ.
kPd; mkpNdh> jior;rj;J epiwe;j cukhf gad;gLfpwJ
,urhad ,LnghUl;fshd cuk;> G+r;rpnfhy;ypfs;> gz;izapd; kf#y; tphptile;J xl;Lnkhj;j cw;gj;jpAk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. NkYk; czT cj;jputhjk; miltjw;Fk; cjTfpwJ. eP z ; l fhykhf ,urhad ,LnghUl; f is gad;gLj;jpajhy; ,aw;if mikg;Gfs; njhlh;eJ ; flj;jg;gl;lJ. kz;zpy; thOk; rpwpa kw;Wk; nghpa jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffshd ePyg;gr;irghrp kw;Wk; mNrhyh Nghd;w gy;NtW rpw;wpdq;fs;> xUfhyj; j py; Njq; f pf; f ple; j d> NkYk; ,J rhFgb Kiwfspd; xU mq;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; jw;NghJ ,it> rhy;tpdpah vd;w nfhba fisfshy; Mf;fpukpf;fg;gl;L ePhe ; piyfs; ahTk; ngUk;ghYk; capuw;wjhf khw;wptpLfpwJ. 14
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
,urhad cuk; kw; W k; G+r; r pf; n fhy; y pfs; mjpfstpy; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; G+r;rpfis kl;Lk; nfhy;tjpy;iy> ed;ik nra;Ak; G+r;rpfisAk; nfhy;Yk;> ,jdhy; G+r;rpnfhy;ypfis vjph;fF ; k; ,urhadk; > kP z ; L k; caph; g ; g pf; f pwJ. ,e; j ,urhadk; fhy; e il kw; W k; kdpjh; f spd; MNuhf; f pak; kw; W k; thOk; fhyk; Fiwe; J tUfpwJ. NkYk; ,J gy Gjpa jiyKiw Neha; f shd njhONeha; Nghd; w itfs; jhf;FfpwJ. tpyq;Ffs; Nghy jhtuq;fSf;Fk; mkpNdh mkpyk; Njit. ,it jhdhf cw; g j; j p nra;aNth my;yJ Njitahd msT cw;gj;jp nra;ahkNyh ,Uf;fyhk;. jhtu tsh;rr ; p> G+f;fs;
gjpyhf> ,e;j fopTfis rhpahd jUzj;jpy; Kiwahf nray;Kiwg;gLj;jpdhy;> ,J xU mjpraKs;s tsh;r;rpAf;fpahf gad;gLfpwJ. nraw;if mkpNdh jhtu Cf;fpia fhl;bYk;> ,e;j tsh;r;rp Cf;fp rpwg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;. ,J re;ijfspYk; tpw;gidf;F fpilf;fpwJ.
Xa;T ngw;w Mrphpauhd> g;ukpsh> khbapy; fha;fwpfs;> fPiufs;> G+f;fs; kw;Wk; goq;fs; tsh;jJ ; tUfpwhh;. gpg;uthp 2016 Mk; Mz;L tpNtfhde;j Nfe;jpuh> fd;dpahFkhp> elj;jpa kPd; mkpNdh jahhpg;G gapw;rpapy; fye;Jnfhz;lhh;. gpwF> kPd; mkpNdhit jahhpj;J 15 ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw jhtuq;fSf;F njspj;J te;jhh;.’khT G+r;rpia fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ nghpa rthyhf ,Ue;jJ. kw;w Kiwfis Kaw;rp nra;J mjpy; Njhw;Nwd;. kPd; mkpNdh njspj;j gpd;dh; ,e;jg; gpur;rid KOtJkhf jPhf ; f ; g;gl;lJ” vd;W mth; $wpdhh;. kw; W k; kf#y; Mfpatw; w pw; F Kf; f pakhf Njitg; g Lk; mikd; f s; > kw; W k; fhpkf; $l;LnghUl;fshd ,d;Nlhy; kw;Wk; igNuhy; $l; L g; n ghUs; Nghd; w itahFk; . Fiwe; j msNt Njitg;gLk; ,e;j $l;Lg;nghUl;fs;> ngUk;ghYk;> Kf;fpa gaph;fspd; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; kf#y; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; fhuzpahf ,Uf;fpwJ. nehjpapd; nray;ghl;bdhy; ,e;j $l;Lg;nghUs; cw; g j; j pahFk; . kP d ; kw; W k; khkpr fopTfs; nehjpj; j gpd; > ,tw; i w ,iytop Cl; l khf nray;glyhk;. gpd; gUtj;jpd;NghJ> mjpf mstpyhd kPd; fopTfs; kw;Wk; cz;zj;jfhj kPd; rhh;e;j fopTfs; Njq; f ptpLfpwJ. kP d ; gjg; g Lj; J k; ikaKk; mjpf fopTfis cUthf; F fpwJ. Kiwahd mopf;Fk; Kiwfis gpd;gw;whky;> mJ Rw;Wr;#oYf;F khR kw;Wk; njhw;W Neha;fis Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. khR gpur;ridia jPh;g;gjw;F
‘xU nra;KiwapypUe;J tPzhf ntspapLtJ kw;nwhU nra;Kiwf;F czthf ,Uf;fpwJ”
- tp.Nf. ehh;nlg;
tp.Nf.ehh;nlg;> vd;w njhz;L epWtdk; caph; fopTfis kWRow;rp nra;jy; kw;Wk; kjpg;G $l;Ljy; Fwpj;j njhopy;El;gq;fis cUthf;fp tUfpwJ. ‘xU KiwapypUe;J tUk; fopTfs; kw; n whU Kiwf; F czthf khWk; ” vd; w jj; J tj; j pd; mbg; g ilapy; > mikg; G fspy; cs;s Kiwfs; rpwe;j Mw;wy; cilaitahf Mapd. ,e;j KOik ngw;w khjphp ,aw;ifia ghJfhf;fpwJ> caph;gy;tifikia fhf;fpwJ> Gijgbt vhpnghUis Nrkpf;fpwJ> ntspNaWk; fhh;gd;-il-Mf;iril gwpg;gij Fiwj;jy;> czT kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy; tp\khf khWtij jtph; j ; j y; > mbg; g ilapy; kdpjh; f is> gy Gjpa jiyKiw mopf; F k; Neha; f spypUe; J ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ.
kPd; fopTfis kWRow;rp nra;jy; kPd; fopTfspy; mjpf Gujr;rj;J ,Uf;fpwJ. Mdhy; Ez;Zaph;fs;> <f;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw <h;gg ; jhy;> ,Ugj;jp ehd;F kzp Neuj;jpw;F gpd; ,jid itj; J nfhs; s KbahJ. fhw; W ld; Nrh;eJ ; Ez;Zaph;fs; mOFtjhy;> Jh;ehw;wk; ntspapLk;. tpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; fl;Lghl;Lld; nehjpf;f nra;jhy;> Jh;ehw;wk; Fiwayhk;. NkYk; tpUg;gg;gl;l tpisnghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;J> mtw;iw jhtu tsh;rr ; p Cf;fpahf vjph;fhyj;jpy;> ifahsTk;> nghl;lyk; nra;Jk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. kPd; mkpNdh gpd;tUk; topapy; jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. kPdm ; y;yJ khkpr fopTfis Nrfhpj;J gpsh];bf; ngl;bapy; %bAld; itf;f Ntz;Lk;. ghjpasT jz;zPh; mjpy; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. gpwF> xU fpNyh kPd; fopTf;F 0.05 fpuhk; Kjy; 0.1 fpuhk; gg;ghsp ghy; Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. Kw;wpd gg;ghsp goj;jpd; Nky;Guj;jpy; rpwpa fPj;J Nghl;lg;gpd;> mjpypUe; J fpilg; g Nj gg; g hsp rhW. ve; j tpyq; F GujKk; cldbahf ngg; N lhd; ] ; kw;Wk; mkpNdh mkpyq;fshf khWk; jd;ik nfhz; l rf; j ptha; e ; j jhtu nehjpahFk; . midj; J nghUl; f isAk; gg; g hsp ghyhd> gg;ghad; ed;F fye;J. 5-8 kzp Neuk; itf;f Ntz;Lk;. rkkhd fhy ,ilntspapy; fpswp ghj; j puj; i j %bitj; j pUf; f Ntz; L k; . 5-8 kzp Neuj;jpw;F gpd;dh;> xU fpNyh kPd; foptpy;> 200fpuhk; nty;yj;jpy; miu ypl;lh; jz;zPhpy; fiuj;;j jputj;ij Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. nty;yk; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
15
njhopy;El;gj;ij gug;Gjy;
njhk;ik ,d;dhrp kPd; mkpNdhit gad;gLj;jp fha;fwp Njhl;lj;ij tsh;f;fpwhu;
]y; g h; FLk; g j; i j Nrh; e ; j ghf; B hpahf; f s; tsutplhky; jLf; f pwJ. ,J> ry; g h; cs; s Gujr; r j; i j cilf; f Tk; > Jh; e hw; w k; tP R k; i`l; u [d; ry; i gl; i l cUthf; F tjpYk; > Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpwJ. nkhj;jj;jpy;> nty;yk;> nrNfNuhikrpl; ] ; vd; w rpwpa G+Q; r hid tsu Cf; f g; g Lj; j p> ,jd; %yk; Gujj; i j mkpNdhmkpyq;fshfTk;> fhu;Nghi`l;Nul;il> My;f`hy; kw;Wk; fPl;Nlhd;fshf cilf;fpwJ. ,e;j nra;Kiwapy; vYk;Gfs; ed;F [Puzpj;J> cilj;J gh];Ngl; kw;Wk; fhy;rpak; $l;Lg;nghUshfTk; khw;WfpwJ. Ez;G+Q;rhzk; kw;Wk; ghf;Bhpahf;fs; xd; W Nrh; e ; J Kiwahf nehjpj; J > 15-20 ehl;fspy; ,e;jg; gzpia G+h;j;jp nra;fpwJ. ,e;j rhw;wpy;> 2-5 ypl;lh; jz;zPh; fye;J ,Wjp nghUis jahhpj;J mjid tbfl;l Ntz;Lk;. ,e; j jputj; i j jhtuq; f Sf; F Kf; f pakhf ,iytop Cl;lkhf njspf;fyhk;. [Puzpf;fhj nghUl;fs; VNjDk; ,Ue;jhy;> mjid kz;zpy; cukhf ,lyhk;. cw;gj;jp nryT - xU ypl;lUf;F &. 30/- mNj rkaj;jpy; tptrhapfs; ,jid xU ypl;lUf;F &.50/- f;F Rygkhf tpw;fyhk;.
16
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
tpNtfhde;j Nfe;jpuh- ehh;nlg; tptrhapfSf;Fk;> Ra cjtpf; FO cWg; g pdh; f Sf; F k; > kP d ; mkpNdh jahhpg;gJ Fwpj;J gapw;rpaspf;fpd;wJ. tptrhapfs; ,e;jj; njhopy;El;gj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;ldh;.gpg;uthp 2016 Mk; Mz;L> g; u kpsh vd; w Xa; T ngw; w Mrphpah; kP d ; mkpNdh gapw;rpapy; fye;Jnfhz;lhh;. mth; ,jidj; jahhpj;J> kPd; mkpNdhit fha;fwp tsh; g ; g jw; F gad; g Lj; j pdhh; . 15 Kjy; 20 rjtpfpjk; mjpf kf#y; fpilg;gjhy; jw;NghJ kfpo;r;rpaile;Js;shh; (ghh;f;f ngl;b nra;jp). jw;NghJ mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj;Jiw> GJ by; y p> kw; W k; eghh; l ; > Nrh; e ; J ,e; j j; njhopy; E l; g j; i j mth; f spd; gpugykhd> njhopy;El;g jpwid gpd;gw;Wjy; vd;w jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; gug;Gfpd;wJ. kPd; mkpNdh foptpypUe;J xU cgNahfKs;s nghUshf jahhpg; g J kl; L kpy; y hky; > khR Fiwtjw; F cjTfpwJ> NkYk; tsh; r ; r p Cf;fpahf ,Uf;fpwJ. tay;fspy; ey;y KbT ntspg;gLtjhy; mjpfsT Cf;fkilfpNwhk;. 15 Kjy; 20 rjtpfpjk; cw;gj;jp mjpfhpf;fpwJ> NkYk; jior;rj;J mspf;Fk; cuj;jpd; Njit Fiwe; J s; s J. xl; L nkhj; j j; j py; re; i jia rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; tptrhapfs; Fiwe;Js;sdh;. S Premalatha Research Assistant Vivekananda Kendra – Nardep Kanyakumari – 629702 E-mail: vknardep@gmail.com www.vknardep.org; www.greenrameswaram.org %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2018> thy;a+k; 20> ,jo; 2
,aw;if Kiwapy; kz; tsj;ij mjpfhpf;Fk; xbrh tptrhapfs; Ra cgNahfj;jpw;fhf fha;fwpfs;> caph; cuq;fis gad;gLj;jp Jtf;fj;jpy; tsh;j;j xbrh khepyj;jpy; cs;s myhjpg;G+h; fpuhkj;ij Nrh;e;j gy tptrhapfs;> re;ijapy; tpw;gjw;fhf ,aw;if Kiwapy; fha;fwpfis rhFgb nra;Ak; epiyf;F khwpAs;sdh;. Rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk; cztpy; juj;jpy; gydiltijAk; jhz;b> ,aw;if KiwfSf;F khwpajhy; Ra-epiwT ngWtjw;Fk;> mth;fspd; Ntshz;ik nryT Fiwtjw;Fk; cjTfpwJ. xbrhit Nrh; e ; j 55 taJ tptrhapahd gp.nul;b’gj;J cWg;gpdh;fs; cs;s FLk;gj;jpw;F czT toq;f Ntz;ba epiyapy; ,Ue;jjhy;> Fiwe;j fhyj;jpy; mjpf cw;gj;jp ngWtjw;F ,urhad cuNk xNu Njh;thf vdf;F ,Ue; j J” vd; W $wpdhh; . nul; b ia Nghy> fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s kw;w tptrhapfSk; czT cw; g j; j pia mjpfhpf; f > xU tUlj; j pw; F Kd;gpypUe;J ,urhad cuj;ij gad;gLj;j Muk;gpj;jdh;. Jtf;fj;jpy; ,e;j Kiw ey;y tUkhdj;ij ngw;Wj; je;jJ. vdpDk; fhyk; nry;y nry;y> njhlh;e;J ,urhad cuj;ij gad; g Lj; j pajhy; > Kd; G ,Ue; j mstpw; F kz;zpd; juk; ,y;iy vd;W ,tiu Nghy kw;w tptrhapfSk; czu Muk;gpj;jdh;. ,urhad cuj;ij gad;gLj;jpajhy; mth;fspd; rhFgb kf#y; FiwtJ kl;Lkpy;yhky;> kz;zpd; juk; Nrjkile;jJ. xbrhtpy; cs; s tpA]; > vd; w muR rhuh epWtdk; FW tptrhapfspd; czT cj;jputhjj;ij Nkk;gLj;j fsj;jpy; rpwg;ghf gzp nra; J tUfpwJ. rpf; f pb tl; l j; j py; cs;s> nul;b cl;gl ngUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; Xhpdg;gapuhf fha;fwpfis ,urhad cuj;ij gad;gLj;jp rhFgb nra;J tUfpd;wdh;. ,e;j njhopy;El;gj;jpdhy; Vw;gl;l Nrjk; mth;fspd; tho;thjhuj;jpy; epiyj;jj;jd;ik Vw;gLtjpy; mr;RWj;jyhf ,Uf;fpwJ. tptrha r%fj;jpd; Njitia mwpe;J> [dthp kw;Wk; [{d; khjk; 2014 Mk; Mz;L> myhjpG+h; fpuhk kf;fSf;F> ,aw;if cuk; kw;Wk; mjd; gad; f s; Fwpj; J > tpA]; epWtdk; njhlh; gapw;rpj; jpl;lk; Vw;ghL nra;jJ. nul;bAld; kw;w 24 tptrhapfs; ,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpy; gq;nfLj;jdh;. MyhjpG+h; fpuhkj; i j jtph; j ; J > fQ; [ k; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s kw;w 20 fpuhkq;fisr; Nrh;ej ; tptrhapfSf;Fk; ,e;jg; gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;lJ. fQ;[k; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s %d;W tl;lq;fspy;> ,f;Nfh epWtdj;jpd; cjtpNahL ‘xbrhtpy;
epiyj;j tho;thjhu Kaw;rp“ jpl;lj;jpd; xU gq;Fjhd; ,e;jj; jpl;lk;. ,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> tpA]; epWtdk; fpuhkj;jpdUf;F> Jtf;fj;jpy; Ra gad;ghl;bw;fhf tsh;f;fg;gLk; fha;fwpfs; caph; cuq;fs; rhFgb nra;tjw;F gapw;rpaspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jg; gapw;rpf;F gpd;dh;> gy FLk;gq;fSf;F jf;fhsp> ntz;ilf;fha; kw; W k; ghfw; f ha; Nghd; w fha; f wp tpijfs; toq;fg;gl;lJ. nul;bAld; kw;w tptrhapfSk; ,aw;if cuj;ij gad;gLj;jp fha;fwp rhFgb nra;a Jtq;fpdh;. ,jd; KbT Cf;Ftpf;Fk; tifapy; ,Ue;jJ. ,urhad cuq;fs; gad;gLj;jhky;> fha;fwpfs; ed;F tsh;tij fz;l midj;J tptrhapfSk; kfpo; e ; jdh; . Ra-gad; ghl; bypUe; J > ,th; f s; cw;gj;jp nra;j fha;fwpfis cs;@h; re;ijapy; tpw;f Jtq;fpAs;sdh;. Efh;Nthhplk; Vw;gl;l khw;wk;> ,aw;if cu gad;ghl;bd; gad;fs; ,th; f spd; ek; g pf; i f NkYk; tYg; n gw; w J. re;ijapy; fpilf;Fk; ,urhadj;ij gad;gLj;jp tsh; f ; f g; g Lk; fha; f wpfis tpl ,e; j fha;fwpfspd; Rit kpFjpahf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W Efh;Nthh; czh;e;jdh;. tpiutpy;> ,th;fspd; ,aw;if tpisnghUl;fs;; re; i japy; kpFe; j tuNtw; i g ngWk; . kw; w tptrhapfs; xU fpNyh ntz;ilf;fha; &.25 f;F tpw;fg;gLk; mNj rkaj;jpy; ,e;j tptrhapfs; mNj msitf; nfhz;l ,aw;if tpisnghUs; &.35w; F tpw; f KbfpwJ. ,aw; i f rhFgb Rw; W r; # oy; kw; W k; czT juj; j py; Vw; g l; l cldb kw;Wk; ey;y jhf;fq;fisAk; jhz;b> nul; b kw; W k; mtuJ tptrha ez; g h; f spd; rhFgb nryit Fiwj;J> Ra Njitia G+h;jj ; p miltjw; F k; > ,e; j j; njhopy; E l; g k; rpwe; j Kiwapy; cjtpaJ. Source: http://iccoindia.org/story/farmers-inodishareplenish-soil-fertility-the-natural-way/ %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2018> thy;a+k; 20> ,jo; 2 yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
17
gy;tifik rhFgb rpW tptrhapfspd; jw;Nghija Njit vk;.vd;.Fy;fh;dp kw;Wk; b.RNu\; rP N jh\z khw; w j; j pd; tpisTfspdhy; rpW kw; W k; FW tptrhapfspd; tho; T kpf fbdkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfspd; tho;thjhuk; kpf Nkhrkhd epiyf;F js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j #o;epiyapy;> gy;tifik rhFgb kl;LNk Ntshz;ikia epiyf;fr; nra;Ak; ek;gpf;ifahf njhpfpwJ. ,jw;F cg;gu`s;sp fpuhkk; Kd;Ndhbahf ,Uf;fpwJ. Jk; $ h; khtl; l j; j py; > rpf; f dahfd`s; s p jhYf; f htpy; cs; s cg; g u`s; s p fpuhkk; > 140 FLk; g q; f is nfhz; l J. midj; J FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; Ntshz;ikNa Kd;dpiy tho; t hjhukhf ,Uf; f pwJ. ,th; f spy; 80 rjtpfpjk; FW tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; 20 rjtpfpjk; rpW tptrhapfs; Mth; . ,e; j jhYf; f htpy; njd;id Kf;fpa gzg;gapuhf ,Ue;jhYk>; ,e;j fpuhkj;J tptrhapfs;> njd;idapy; gy;NtW G+r;rp kw;Wk; Neha; jhf;Fjypy; Nrjkiltjhy;> fha;fwp rhFgbiaNa nra;J te;jdh;.
fha;fwp rhFgb cg; g u`s; s papy; > jf; f hsp> ntz; i lf; f ha; > gPh;f;fq;fha;> Glyq;fha;> gPd;];> fPiu tiffs; kw;Wk; kpsfha; Nghd;w fha;fwpfis rhFgb
nra; t jpy; Rkhh; 50 Kjy; 60 tptrhapfs; <Lgl;ldh;. epyj;jpd; gug;gsit mbg;gilahf nfhz; L > tptrhapfs; fha; f wpfis Ie; J Fz;lh]; Kjy; ½ Vf;fh; tiu rhFgb nra; f pd; w dh; . ghrd trjp ,Ug; g th; f s; rhFgbia xU Vf;fh; tiu tphpTgLj;jpdh;. gUtkiof; fhyj;jpd;NghJ> Nkl;L epyj;jpy; ehq; f s; fha; f wpfis rhFgb nra; N jhk; . Nfhil fhyj;jpd;NghJ njd;id Njhl;lj;jpy; rhFgb nra; N jhk; . njd; i dj; Njhl; l j; j py; rhFgb nra;ag;gLk; fha;fwpfSf;F jz;zPh; kpf FiwthfNt Njitg; g LfpwJ. ek; k plk; ,Uf;Fk; Mjhuq;fSld;> vq;fSf;F fha;fwpfs; fpilf;fpd;wd. NkYk; njd;id Njhl; l q; f isAk; guhkhpf; f KbfpwJ vd; W fha;fwp tsh;f;Fk; =. uq;ifah tpsf;Ffpwhh;.
kuk; rhh;e;j rhFgb Kiwapy; fpilj;j mDgtj;ij epq;fa;ah mtuJ gz;izf;F tUk; ghh;itahsh;fsplk; gfph;e;J nfhs;fpwhh;
18
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
nuq; f a; a h xU rpW tptrhap. ,th; tP l ; L cgNahfj;jpw;fhf Nfo;tuF> fhuhkzp> Jtiu kw;Wk; ghrpg;gaW Mfpait tsh;jJ ; te;jhh;. rpy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;dh;> Kjd;Kjypy; ,tNu fha;fwp rhFgb nra;aj; Jtq;fpdhh;. nuq;fa;ah tUkhdk; <l; L tij fz; l kw; w tptrhapfs; nkJthf rhFgb nra;aj; Jtq;fpdh;. nuq;fa;ah fha;fwp rhFgbapy; xUq;fpize;j rj;J Nkyhz;ikia gpd;gw;Wfpwhh;. ,th; njhOcuk; mjpfk; ,Lfpwhh;. kz;GOcuj;ij ghrd ePhpy; fye;J njspf;fpwhh;. nrhl;LePh; ghrdj;ijAk; mikj;Js;shh;. ,th; jput cuj;ij xU ypl;lh; Nfhkpaj;Jld; fye;J 10 ypl;lh; jz;zhP py; rhpahd ,ilntspapy; njspf;fpwhh;. ,e;j tUlk; 5 Fz;lh epyj;jpy; Glyq;fha;> 2 Fz;lhtpy; ghfy;> 2 Fz;lhtpy; kpsfha; kw;Wk; 10 Fz;lhtpy; mtiuAk; tsh;j;jhh;. Glyq;fha; kf#y; mspf;f Jtq;fpaJ> ,th; xU khjj;jpy; xU ld; tpw; W &.20000 tUkhdk; ngw; w hh; . Glyq; f hapypUe; J &.60000> ghfw; f hapypUe; J &. 24000> kw; W k; mtiuapypUe; J &. 45000> ,it> fha;fwpapypUe;J nuq;fa;ah ngw;w nkhj;j epfu tUkhdkhFk;. ,ijj; jtpu> gaph;fs; kw;Wk; njd;id Njhl;lj;jpypUe;Jk; tUkhdk; ngWfpwhh;. cWjpahf jz; z P h ; fpilf; F k; epiyapy; > tptrhapfs;> jf;fhsp> gPd;];> Gliy> ghfw;fha;> gPhf ; f ; d; Nghd;w gy tif fha;fwpfis nghJthf tsh; f ; f pd; w dh; . mjpf gy; t ifikNahL> gaph; Nrjk; FiwfpwJ. NkYk; tptrhapfs; ,aw;if rhFgb njhopy;El;gq;fis gpd; g w; W fpd; w dh; . 2011 Kjy; 2013 tiu> fh; e hlfh muR> Ntshz; i kj; Jiw ,e; j fpuhkj; j py; ,aw; i f rhFgb jpl; l j; i j nray;gLj;Jk;NghJ> tptrhapfs; ,aw;if top rhFgbf;F mwpKfkhapdh;. tptrhapfs; kz;GO cuj;ij ,l;L> ,urhad cuj;jpd; gad;ghL 50 rjtpfpjk; Fiwe;Js;sJ. gy tptrhapfs;> G+r;rp kw;Wk; Neha;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j %ypif g+r; r ptpul; b jahhpj; J ,lg; g LfpwJ. ,jd; tpisthf> tptrhapfs; ruhrhpahf &.2500 Kjy; 3000 tiu Nrkpf; f KbfpwJ. ,J ,urhad cuq;fs; kw;Wk; G+r;rpfSf;F nryT nra;ag;gl;lit MFk;. ,e;j fpuhkj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s `ypahh; > rp.vd; . `s; s p kw; W k; Nf.gp. lTd; f spy; fha; f wpfs; tpw; f g; g LfpwJ. Kd; G jdpahh; NgUe;Jfspy; ,it nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;ld. jw;NghJ cg;gu`s;spapNyNa Nghf;Ftuj;J trjp ,Uf;fpwJ. tptrhapfs; %d;W rf;fu thfdq;fspYk; fha;fwpfis nfhz;L
jhtu jput cuj;ij jahupj;J gz;izf;F ,Lfpwhh;> jpU. uq;ifa;ah
nry;yyhk;. ,th;fs; re;ijf;F jdpahf nrd;W ,ilj; j ufhplk; nghUs; f is tpw; f pd; w dh; . midj; J nghUs; f spy; > jf; f hsp kl; L Nk juk; gphpj;J> tpw;fg;gLfpwJ. juk;gphpf;fg;gl;l jf; f hspia xU ngl; b f; F $Ljyhf &.50 vq; f Sf; F fpilf; f pwJ vd; W uq; i fah $Wfpwhh; . vdpDk; > mtiuf; f hia xd; W Nrh; j ; J tpw; f g; g LfpwJ. gUtj; j pd; N ghJ `ypahh; re;ijapy; xU ehisf;F xU ld; msT tpw; f g; g l; l J. cg; g u`s; s papypUe; J fha; f wpfs; ghh; f ; f <h; g ; G lDk; > NjitAk; mjpfk; ,Uf;fpwJ. NkYk; Efh;Nthh; tpiyia Nguk; NgRtjpy; i y. ruhrhpahf> xt; n thU rhFgbahsUk; xU thuj;jpw;F &.4000 Kjy; &.5000 tiu tUkhdk; <l;Lfpd;wdh;. mWtil kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J Nghd;w nryTfSf;F ruhrhpahf &. 1500 MfpwJ. vq;fs; fpuhkq;fspy; midj;J FLk;gq;fSk; ,uz;L Kjy; 5 Vf;fh; tiu epyk; nrhe;jkhf itj; J s; s dh; . Nkl; L epyj; j py; > Nfo; t uF tsh;ff ; g;gLfpwJ. gr;ir gaW> nfhs;S. Jtiu Nghd;witfs; Nfo;tuNfhL fyg;Gg;gapuhfTk; tsh; f ; f g; g LfpwJ. rhjhuz kio nghopAk; epiyapy;> xU Vf;fUf;F 6 Kjy; 8 Ftpz;lhy; kf#y; fpilf; f pwJ. gaW tiffs; tP l ; L cgNahfj;jpw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. vq;fs; fpuhkk; rpwe; j juKs; s fha; f wpfSf; F yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
19
rptd;dh Nghd;w tptrhapfs;> fha;fwp rhFgbapy; ey;y tUkhd <l;Lfpd;wdh;
ngah;Nghdjhf khwpaJ vd;W fha;fwpfs; kw;Wk; czT gaph;fs; rhFgb nra;Ak;> jpk;ika;ah tpsf;Ffpwhh;.
xUq;fpize;j fhy;eil ngUk;ghyhd fha;fwp tsh;g;gth;fs;> 2 Kjy; 3 gRf;fis tsh;f;fpd;wdh; vd;gJ Mh;tKs;s xd;whFk;. NkYk; 90 tptrhapfSf;F fhy;eil thq; F tjw; F > ,e; j j; jpl; l j; j pd; fP o ; cjtp toq;fg;gl;lJ. igg;> epiyj;j tho;thjhuk; kw; W k; tsh; r ; r pf; f hd epWtdk; > jpg; J }h; > ,aw; i f rhFgb njhopy; E l; g q; f s; Fwpj; J r%fj; j pdiu topelj; j paJ. ,jdhy; ghy; cw;gj;jp mjpfhpj;jJ. ,e;j tptrhapfs; xU ehspw;F 8 Kjy; 10 ypl;lh;fs; tiu tpw;fpd;wdh;. xU jdpahh; ghy; Nrfhpg;G ikak; cg;gu`s;sp fpuhkj;jpy; epWtg;gl;lJ.
Mjhuq;fis kWRow;rp nra;tJ tptrhapfs; xU njhopypypUe; J kw; n whU njhopYf;F Mjhuq;fis kWRow;rp nra; f pd; w dh; . jP t dr; Nrhsk; > rzg; i g kw;Wk; Nfo;tuF Mfpait fhy;eilfSf;F jPtdk; mspf;fpwJ> ,jw;F gjpyhf> rhzk; kWRow; r p nra; J tay; f Sf; F nfhz; L ,lg;gLfpwJ. rhzk; vUthf khw;wp fha;fwp tay; f spy; mjpfstpy; ,lg; g LfpwJ. rpy 20
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh;; 2019
tptrhapfs; > tz; l y; kz; i z tay; f spy; ,Lfpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; ,urhad cuk; gad;gLj;JtJ Fiwe;Js;sJ. ghy; kl;LNk ,e;j mikg;gpypUe;J ntspNa nry;fpwJ. mjdhy; xU njhopypypUe; J kw; n whU njhopYf; F ,LnghUshf gad;gLj;Jtjhy;> ,J xU KO tisakhf fUjg;gLfpwJ.
KbT cg;gu`s;sp fpuhkj;jpy; 140 FLk;gq;fspy;> 50-60 gz;iz FLk;gq;fs; gytif njhopy;fs; xUq;fpizj;J> FLk;gj;jpw;F Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; tUkhdKk; $LfpwJ. fha;fwp rhFgb kw;Wk; fhy;eilfs; Nghd;w njhopy;El;gq;fis nfhz; L gy; t ifik rhFgb nra; t jd; %yk; tptrhapfSf;F cWjpahd tUkhdk; fpilf;fpwJ. rPNjh\z khw;wj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpdhy;> gy;tifik rhFgb FiwAk;. mNjrkaj;jpy; tUkhdk; epiyj;J> tho;thjhuj;jpd; mbj;jsk; gutpapUf;fpwJ. M N Kulkarni BAIF Office, Kusumanagar Kelageri road, Dharwad-580008 E-mail: mnkulkarni65@gmail.com
%yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> nrg;lk;gh; 2018> thy;a+k; 20> ,jo; 3