,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
yP r h ,e; j pah jkpo; rpwg;gpjo; This issue in Tamil is a translated version of LEISA India magazine. This includes selected articles from LEISA India, originally published in English. Address : ame Foundation No. 204, 100 Feet Ring Road, 3rd Phase, Banashankari 2nd Block, 3rd Stage, Bangalore - 560 085, India Tel:
+91-080- 2669 9512, +91-080- 2669 9522
Fax:
+91-080- 2669 9410
E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in
Leisa India Chief Editor : K.V.S. Prasad Managing Editor : T.M. Radha
yPrh vd;gJ Fiwe;j ntspapL nghUs; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. Rw;Wr;RoYf;F cfe;j topfspy; cw;gj;jpiaAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; ngUf;f tpUk;Gk; coth;fSf;F njhopw;El;g kw;Wk; r%f hPjpapyhd tha;g;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;Ffis msTld; gad;gLj;jp Njitg;gLk; NghJ ghJfhg;ghd msT ntspaPL nghUl;fis jpwd;gl ifahs;tjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; coth;fis> me;j r%fj;ij Ragyk; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rf;jp kpf;fth;fshfTk; khw;wp mjd;%yk; mth;fspd; vjph;fhyj;ij jq;fs; nrhe;j mwpT> jpwik>kjpg;gL P > fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis mikf;f cjTtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ khwptUk; #oy;fs; kw;Wk; NjitfSf;F Vw;g coth;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju gq;Fjhuh;fspd; jpwikfs;> gq;Nfw;G mZFKiwfs; %yk; gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk;> mwptpay; g+h;tkhd mwpitAk; ,izj;J mjd;%yk; nfhs;if cUthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp vjph;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;FtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ xU fUj;J> xU mZFKiw kw;Wk; tpNtfkhd nra;jp.
Translated by N. Lalitha Sakthivel Translation coordination Veena Markande Administration Rukmini G. G. Design and Layout M.S. Vasanth Christopher Printing Blustream Printing India (P) Ltd., Bangalore Cover photo Digitally empowered farmer
Photo Credit: Source Trace
Different editions
• Regional Editions Telugu, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi and Oriya • Farming Matters The Global edition in English • LEISA Revista de Agroecologia The Latin American edition in Spanish • LEISA India The Indian edition in English • AGRIDAPE The West African edition in French • Agriculturas, Experiencias em Agroecologia The Brazilian edition in Portuguese
The editors have taken every care to ensure that the contents of this magazine are as accurate as possible. The authors have ultimate responsibility, however, for the content of individual articles. The editors encourage readers to photocopy and circulate magazine articles.
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Supported by MISEREOR, Published by AME Foundation yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
kpnrshpah; vd;gJ tsh;r;rp xj;Jiog;gpw;fhf> n[h;kdp ehl;by; cs;s fj; N jhypf; f ghjphpahh; f shy; 1958 Mk; Mz; b y; epWtg; g l; l Xh; epWtdkhFk;. kpnrshpah; fle;j 50 tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf Mg;gphpf;fh> Mrpah kw; W k; yj; j P d ; mnkhpf; f ehLfspy; Vo; i k xopg; g jw; f hd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jd;id mh;gzpj;J gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. kjk;> ehfhPfk;> ghypdk; vd;w ve;j NtWghby;yhky; kdpj Fyj;jpd; Njitf;F jdJ cjtpia mspj;J tUfpwJ. Vio kw;Wk; gpd;jq;fpa kf;fs;> jhq;fshf Jtf;Fk; ve;j xU Kaw;rpf;Fk; MjuT nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;GfpwJ. cs;@h; $l;lhspfSld;> Fwpg;ghf fpUj;Jt Nfhapy;fNshL njhlh;Gila epWtdq;fs;> muR rhuh epWtdq;fs;> r%f ,af;fq;fs;> Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;NwhL ,ize;J gzpahw;Wtij tpUk;GfpwJ. gadhspfNshL ,ize;J> mjd; $l;lhspfs; cs;@h; ts Nkk;ghl;L Kiwfspy; cjtpAk;> jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jpAk; tUfpd;wdh;. ,t;topahfNt> kpnrshpah; jdJ $l; l hspfSld; ,ize; J njhlh; r ; r pahf khwptUk; rthy; f is vjph;nfhs;fpwJ. www.misereor.de; www.misereor.org V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Fiwe; j ntspapL nghUs; %yk; ,aw; i f ts Mjhuq; f s; Nkyhz; i kf; f hf ghuk; g hpa mwpitAk; > Gjpa fz; L gpbg; G njhopw; E l; g q; f isAk; xd; w pizj; J epiyj; j tho; t hjhug; gzpfis ngUf; F tjpy; <Lgl; L tUfpwJ. V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Ntshz; i kapy; khw;WfisAk;> mwpitAk; ngUf;FtjpYk;> gapw;rpfs; mspg;gjpYk;> tsh;r;rp gzpfspy; <Lgl;L tUk; epWtdq;fNshL njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;JtjpYk;> mDgtq;fis gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;> jf;fhz gPlg+kp gFjpfspy; rpW FW coth;fs; kj;jpapy; gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. V.vk;., epWtdk; Mh;tKs;s tptrhaf; FOf;fSld; gy fpuhkq;fspy; khw;W tptrha Kiwfis ngUf;fTk;> eilKiwg;gLj;jTk; gzp nra;J tUfpwJ. ,e;j gFjpfs; ,aw;if Ntshz; Kiwfis nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpf;Fk; kw; W k; eilKiwg; g Lj; j p nfhz; L tUk; jd; d hh; t f; FOf; f s; kw; W k; $l;likg;GfSf;F fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ,lq;fshfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. www.amefound.org
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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
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Usha Devi Venkatachalam Founder and CEO Krishi Janani PBC E-mail: team@krishijanani.org
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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
ghh; k ; NkhN[h epWtdk; > Gjpa jiyKiw tptrhapfSf;F njhopy;El;g nray;ghLfspd; gad;ghL Fwpj;J njhlh;rr ; pahd ,ilntspapy; gapw;rpfs; kw;Wk; fUj;juq;Ffs; elj;jg;gLfpwJ. jw;NghJ 1350 w;Fk; $Ljyhd gz;izfis rpwe;j gz;izahf> ghh;k;NkhN[h nray; g Lj; j pajd; %yk; cUthf; f pNdhk; vd;W ,e;j epWtdj;jpw;F gpd;dhy; ,Uf;Fk; kdpjdhd uh[h kNdh`h; NrhkRe; j uk; $Wfpwhh;. ,e;j nraypia gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; mjpfhpj;J> jPtdq;fs; tPzhtJ FiwfpwJ vd;w tptrhapfs; fUj;J $Wk;NghJ kpfTk; Cf;fkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. vdpDk; > b[pl; l y; jP h ; T fs; gug; G tjpYk; ghjfq; ; f s; ,Uf; f pwJ. fy; t pawptpy; y hik kw;Wk; tpopg;Gzh;T ,y;yhik Mfpait nghJ fhuzq; f shf fUjg; g LfpwJ. njhopy; E l; g tpopg;Gzh;it tptrhapfs; kj;jpapy; gug;GtJ xU nghpa gpur;rid. Vndd;why; ngUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; > Kd; N dhh; f s; ghuk; g hpakhf gpd;gw;wptUk; rhFgb Kiwf;Nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fpd;wdh;. ifNgrpia Njitaw;w KjyPL vd;W tptrhapfs; fUJtjhy;> mth;fsplj;jpy; ifNgrpNahL nfhz;L nry;Yjy; fbdkhf ,Uf; f pwJ. NkYk; fyhr; r hu kw; W k; nkhop jlq;fis re;jpg;gJ fbdkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
Partha P Biswas Incharge-Fisheries Training & Culture Unit Simurali Krishi Kendra Simurali, Dist.-Nadia, West Bengal E-mail: parthapbis2006@yahoo.co.in
%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2020> thy;A+k; 22> ,jo; 2
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11
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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
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tdrpw; w pdq; f s; > go rpw; w pdq; f s; kw; W k; jPtdrhFgbAk;> Njh;en ; jLf;fg;gl;l tptrhapfs; jhtu gy;tifikia mjpfhpj;Js;sdh;. tUk; ehl;fspy; kw;w tptrhapfSf;F nray; tpsf;fk; gapw;rp mspg;gh;. GUj;tp ,aw;if FO xd;W cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. tptrhapfs; khjk; xU Kiw re;jpj;J ,aw;if rhFgb gpur;ridfs; Fwpj;J fye;JiuahLth;. Ntshz; mwptpay; ika tpQ;Qhdpfs;> Kd;Ndhb ,aw;if tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; Ntshz;ik Jiw mYtyh;fSk; $l;lj;jpw;F miof;fg;gLth;. jw;NghJ> ,e;j FO> ,aw;if tptrhapfs; cw;gj;jp epWtdkhf khw;Wk; jpl;lk; cs;sJ> mjw;fhf gjpT nra;Ak; nray;ghLfSk; ele;J tUfpwJ. tptrha cw;gj;jp epWtdk; re;ijg;gLj;JtJ cWjpgLj; J k; . jw; N ghJ cw; g j; j pnghUl; f s; Jk;$h; ,aw;if mq;fhbapy; tpw;fg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; xt;nthU Qhapw;WfpoikapYk; Jk;$Utpy; cs;s tptrhapfs; ,aw;if fha;fwp re;ijapYk; tpw;fg;gLfpwJ. Jk;$hpy; ,aw;if mq; f hb jpwg; g jw; f hd jpl; l Kk; cs; s J. ,jdhy; ,aw; i f fha; f wpfs; kw; W k; ,ju tpisnghUl;fis tpw;fyhk;. rpy tptrhapfSf;F ,aw;if rhFgb Njhy;tpaile;j cjhuzq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk;>njhlh; fye; J iuahly; > Cf; f k; kw; W k; Ntshz; epWtdj;jpd; topfhl;bAld; mth;fspd; Mh;tk; Fiwahky; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;Dk; 4-5 tUlj;jpy;> jpl;l fpuhkq;fspd; fPOs;s khdhthhp epyq;fs; gy;tifik gz;izahf khWk;. ,J czT cj;jputhjk;> jPtdk; fpilf;f nra;tJ kw;Wk; rPNjh\d khw;wq;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fj;jpw;F cfe;jkhw;W top Mfpait mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.
A Anandakumar Project Director AVISHKAR, Tumkur Karnataka E-mail: avishkar2004@gmail.com
%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> nrg;lk;gh; 2020> thy;A+k; 22> ,jo; 3
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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
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gRikahd czT tpisnghUs; cyh; j ; j pa gpd; d h; mjd; itg; G f; f hyk; mjpfhpf; F k; mNjrkaj;jpy; epwk;> rj;Jf;fs; kjpg;G kw;Wk; eWkzk; ghJfhf; f g; g LfpwJ. khwptUk; tho;fi ; f Kiwfs; kw;Wk; cldbahf rikf;Fk; czTg;nghUs;fSf;F tsUk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Mfpatw;wpw;F ,e;j tif njhopypy; mjpf jdpj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;stw;wpy;> goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfis #hpa ntg;gj;jpd; %yk; cyuitg;gij GNdapy; cs;s cUspfQ;rd; njhFg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; igg; epWtdk; rpwpajhf Jtq;fg;gl;lJ.
xU Jtf;f Kaw;rp igg; epWtdk; cUspfQ; r d; gFjpapy; rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfSf;F tUlk; KOtJk; tUkhdk; ngWtjw; F epiyj; j tho; t hjhu topfs; ghpe;Jiuj;J tUfpwJ. ruhrhp epymsT ,e;jj; njhFg;gpy; 4 Vf;fh;fs;. Ie;Jf;F xU gq; F tptrhapfs; tWikf; Nfhl; b d; f P o ; tUfpd;wdh;. ghrdepyk; tskhfTk;> kPjKs;s gFjp Fiwthd tsh;r;rp ngw;wpUf;fpwJ. GNd rpl;bapd; ntspGw gFjpahd> cUspfQ;rd; miw efh; g ; G w gFjpf; F rpwe; j cjhuzk; . ,q; F ngUk; g hyhd tptrhapfs; fP i ufs; >
jf;fhsp> ntq;fhak;> fUk;G Nghd;w gaph;fis rhFgb nra; t jpy; <LgLfpd; w dh; . gl; l k; khwp tUtjhy; njhlh; r ; r pahf cw; g j; j p tpdpNahfKiw eilngWfpwJ. Mdhy; Fwpg;gpl;l nghUspd; Njit njhlh;r ; r pahf my;yJ tpdpNahf Row;rpf;F rk;ke;jkpy;yhky; ,Uf;Fk;. mWtilf;F gpd; cs;s Njh;Tfshd Fsph; r hjdj; j py; Nrkpg; g J kpfTk; FiwT kw;Wk; tpiyAah;e;jJ. gy Neuq;fspy;> cw;gj;jp nryT <Lnra; a f; $batifapy; tpiy eph; z apf; f g; g LfpwJ. ,e; j njhFg; G gFjp N`hl; l y; f s; kw; W k; rpw; W z; b filfs; i`Ntapy; ,Ug;gjhy;> tUlk; KOtJk; rpy tpisnghUl; f is cWjpahf tpdpNahfk; nra;aNtz;ba Njitia czh;ej ; dh;. ghJfhg;G Fwpj;j Njitf;F vjpuhf tpiy Kuz; ghL kw;Wk; f\;lg;gl;L tpw;gJ Fwpj;J jplkhf czug; g l; l J. ,J njhopy; Kaw; r pf; f hd ce;Jk; Gs;spahf fUjg;gl;lJ. goq;fs; kw;Wk; fha;fwpfs; #hpa ntg;g cyh;jJ ; jy; jpl;lk; rpwpa mstpy; cUspfQ;rd; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. cUspfQ;rd; njhFg;G fpuhkq;fspy; rpwpa jpl; l j; i j gutyhd Kiwapy; (xU gq;Nfw;ghsUf;F xU cyh; fUtp) epWtg;gl;lJ. njhopy; E l; g gutyhf; f Kaw; r papy; xU mq;fkhf gy;NtW njhopy;El;gq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;;lJ. mjDld; #hpa cyh; fUtpAk; xd;W. xU gq;Nfw;ghsUf;F xU fUtp vd; W xJf; f g; g l; l J. #hpa cyh; fUtpapy; Ez; Cjh fjph;fs; cs;Ns EioahjthW xU tbf;fl;bia mikj;jpUg;gJ Kf;fpahdjhFk;. ,jdhy; #hpantg;gj;jpy; Neubahf cyuitf;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLtJNghy; ,y;yhky;> cyh;ej ; tpisnghUspd; epwk;> eWkzk; kw;Wk; rj;Jf;fs; ahTk; mg;gbNa epiyj;jpUf;fpwJ. mjdhy; rhpahf Jh];fp rjhr;tjp\; `kP\h ngz;fs; FO cUthf;fg;gl;L> tpisnghUs; cyh; j ; J tJ tP l ; b NyNa nra; t jhf KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ. gphpj;jy;> nghl;lyk; NghLjy; kw;Wk; re;ijgLj;Jjy; Mfpaitfis FOthf nra;ayhk; vd;W KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;j mZFKiw tPl;bypUe;Nj ngz;fs; jq;fsJ gzpia nra;a KbAk; vd;W cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. mNjNeuj;jpy; $l;Lr;nrayhf nghUshjhuq;fspd; msit tphptila nra;tJ. ,e;j Kaw;rp fPNo Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sthW tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. 1. gp/rpju kypT tpiyapy; fha;fwpfs; cs;@ hpy; nfhs;Kjy; my;yJ Fwpg;ghf nrhe;j tpisnghUis gad;gLj;JtJ.
2. MNuhf;fpakhd <ug;gjk; ,y;yhj #o; e piyfspy; > ntl; L jy; > cyh; j ; J jy; > nghbj;jy; (Njitg;gl;lhy;) kw;Wk; nghl;lyk; NghLjy; Mfpa nray;ghLfs; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. 3. re;ij ,izg;G - nfhs;Kjy; Kfikfs;> cs;@h; re;ij> czT rq;fpyp Nghd;witfs;. jf;fhsp> ,Q;rp> ntq;fhak;> ];Btpah> KUq;if ,iyfs; > ]; g pdhr; > nte; j ak; Nghd; w gy fha;fwpfs;/tpisnghUl;fis #hpa ntg;gj;jpy; cyh;j;jg;gLfpwJ. rpy cldb / jahh; epiyapy; cz; Z k; tpisnghUl; f Sk; cs; @ hpy; jahhpf;fg;gl;lJ. mit cyh; rNghl;lhrpg;];> cldb Guhd; rg;ghj;jp (kfhuh\;lh; pad; czT)> cldb ghyf; kw;Wk; Nkj;jpgNuhl;lh> gPl;&l; nghb Nghd;witfshFk;. cyh;j;Jtjw;fhd %yg;nghUs; xd;W gq;Nfw;ghsh;fs; cw;gj;jp nra; t hh; f s; my; y J kw; w tptrhapfsplk; cs; @ hpNyNa nfhs; K jy; nra; a g; g LfpwJ. nkhj; j Mh; l h; f Sf; F gq; N fw; g hsh; f Ns juj; i j rhpghh; j ; j gpwF nghl; l yq; f s; / %l;ilfs; jahhpg;gh;. rpy;yiw Mh;lh;fSf;F rq; f y; g ; mq; f hbapy; nghl; l yq; f s; kw; W k; Nygps;fs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j mZFKiw jdpeguhf cyh; j ; J tjw; F k; > FOthf gphpg;gjw;Fk; jpl;lkplg;gl;lJ. ,J ngz; f s; tP l ; b ypUe; N j jq; f Sila gzpfis KbAk; vd; W cWjpgLj; J fpwJ. Mdhy; mth;fs; $l;Lr;rf;jpNahL tha;g;Gfis gw;wpnfhs;tjw;Fk;> Njitfis tphpTgLj;Jtjw;Fk; nray;gLfpd;wdh;. tpisnghUl;fis ,uz;L Nrdy;fs; %yk; tpw; f g; g LfpwJ - xd; W rq; f y; g ; - rpy; y iw tpahghuk; cUthf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs; FOf;fs;> jw; N ghJ njhopy; KidAk; nray; g hLfs; nra;tjw;F $l;likg;G cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j $l;likg;gpd; fPo;> cUspfQ;rd; gFjpapy; 2013 Mk; Mz;L rq;fy;g; vd;w ngaNuhL czT kw; W k; moF rhjd nghUl; f spd; mq; f hb Jtf;fg;gl;lJ. kw;nwhU top> nkhj;j tpahghuk; %yk; re;ijg;gLj;JtJ. njhopy; gzpfs;> Nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; guhkhpg;G cWg;gpdh;fshy; kl;LNk ftdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. njhopy;El;g cjtp kw;Wk; gapw;rpfs; ahTk; igg; epWtdk; mspf;fpwJ. jpdKk; cyh;j;Jjy;> Nkyhz; i k kw; W k; cyh; fUtp guhkhpg; G Mfpait jdpegh; gq;Nfw;ghsh;fshy; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. #hpa cyh; fUtpfs; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
15
tpisnghUs; Fwpj;j tpguq;fs; kw;Wk; epiyj;jj;jd;ik Fwpj;j tpguk; fPNo Rygkhf tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ fha;fwpfs; - jw;NghJ cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ tpisnghUs;- re;ijapy; fpilf;Fk; (Kjy; Njh;T)
fha;fwpfs; - jw;NghJ cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gltpy;iy tpisnghUs; - re;ijapy; fpilf;Fk; (,uz;lhtJ Njh;T)
fha;fwpfs; - jw;NghJ cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ tpisnghUs; - re; i japy; fpilg; g jpy; i y (Fiwe;jNjh;T)
fha;fwpfs; - jw;NghJ cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gltpy;iy tpisnghUs; - re;ijapy; fpilg;gJkpy;iy (fpilrpNjh;T)
,af; F tjw; f hd nryT ,y; y hjJ Kf; f pa rhjfkhFk; . NkYk; > ,jpy; efUk; my; y J kpd; r hu ghfq; f s; ,y; y hjjhy; > guhkhpg; G kpff; Fiwthf ,Uf;fpwJ. vdpDk; rpy rpwpa gpur;ridfshd GwCjh fjphpd; tbf;fl;Lk; jl;L> jpBnud cUthFk; Gay; fhw;why; xU Kiw Nrjkile;jij ftdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
tUlj; j pw; F 8-9 khjq; f s; ,af; F tjhy; (rhFgb nra;ahj fhyj;jpy; jtph;j;J) njhopypy; 20-30 tpOf;fhL tUkhdj;ij ngWfpd;wdh;. ,af;Fk; rhj;jpaj;jd;ik nghUj;J <h;f;ff;$ba mstpw;F 1-3 tUlq;fSf;Fs; jpUg;gp nrYj;jtJ>tpisnghUs; tifapd; mbg;gilapy;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ.
gutyhf;fk;
,aw;if Mjhukhd #hpa Mw;wiy gad;gLj;jp> Gjpa kw;Wk; tsh;eJ ; tUk; gFjpahf ,Uf;fpwJ. Fiwe; j nrytpy; ghJfhg; g J rhjfkhf ,Ug;gjhy;> nryT ghJfhf;fTk; cjtpnra;fpwJ. vdpDk;> ,e;j njhopypy; rthy;fs; ,y;yhky; ,y;iy. kio fhyq;fspy; #hpa cyh; fUtpfs; rhjhuzkhfNt ,af;fg;gLtjpy;iy. Vndd; w hy; NjitahdmsT fha; f wpfs; fpilf;fpwJ. cyh;j;jg;gl;l fha;fwpfSf;fhd re;ij nghpaJ. vdpDk; ,izg;Gfs; ,d; D k; tsh; r ; r p mstpNyNa ,Uf; f pwJ. mjdhy; NjitiaAk;> tpw;gidiaAk; cWjpgLj;JtJ rthyhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e; j j; njhopy; mstpw; F mjpfkhf ngWk; tpisnghUisNa gad;gLj;Jk; Nfhl;ghl;bd; topapy; gzpnra;fpwJ. rpy rkaq;fspy; Njit vOk; N ghJ / kw; w rpijTfspd; N ghJ khwp gRikahd fha;fwpfs; tpw;gid gad; jUfpwJ. ,JNghy cjhuzq;fshy;> #hpa cyh; fUtp njhopypy; %yg;nghUs; Fiwghl;il re;jpf;f Ntz; b As; s J. jw; N ghJ Fiwe; j msT Mh;lh;fs; kl;LNk jw;NghJ ifahs KbfpwJ.
gFjp twz; l rP N jh\d #o; e piy ,e; j g; gFjpapy; ,Ug;gjhy; njhopy;El;gk; gpd;gw;Wtjw;F cfe;jjhf ,Uf;fpwJ. #hpa cyh; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jp> gq;Nfw;ghsh;fs; gy czTnghUs; f is cUthf; F fpd; w dh; . mth; f s; gp kw; W k; rp jufha; f wpfisAk; gjg;gLj;J KbAk;> mjhtJ Ntshz; fopTfs; vd; W $wg; g Lk; vd; w xd; i w gjg; g Lj; j KbAk; . jw; N ghJ> xt; n thU gq; N fw; g hsh; cWg; g pdh; f Sk; ,e; j Kaw; r papd; thapyhf khj tUkhdk; $Ljyhf &.2500 - 3000 ngWfpd;wdh;. rpwpa jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; fpilf;Fk; gyd;fs; mbg;gilapy;> ,d;Dk; mjpfkhf #hpa cyh; fUtpfs; mikg;gjw;F Njit Vw;gl;Ls;sij r%fq;fs; KbT nra;jJ. ,d;Dk; 100 cyh; fUtpfs; 2018 kw;Wk; 2019 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. Rkhh; 20 tpOf;fhL nryit cWg;gpdh;fNs Vw;Wf;nfhz;ldh;. rpy ghpe; J iuf; F k; cjtp fpilf; F k; Neuj; j py; nray;ghl;L nryTfs; FOthy; Vw;fg;gl;lJ. ‘El;hpNrhy;” vd;w ngahpy; (#hpa ntg; g j; j hy; cyh; j ; J tjd; %yk; rj; J f; f s; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpwJ) FOthdJ tpw;gidia Jtf;fpaJ. cWg;gpdh;fSf;F MNuhf;fpakhf gjg;gLj;Jjy;> Ngf;Nf[pq; kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;Jjy; Fwpj;J gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;lJ. jw;NghJ> njhopiy nghpastpy; cUthf;Ftjw;F Kd;Ndw;w ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;Jtij Nehf;fkhf nfhz; L s; s J ,e; j f; FO. KOikahf 16
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
,e;j mZFKiw tPl;bypUe;Nj ngz;fs; jq;fsJ gzpia nra;aKbAk; vd;W cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. mNjNeuj;jpy; $l;Lnrayhf nghUshjhuq;fspd; msit tphptila nra;tJ.
ngl;bnra;jp 1 #hpa cyh; fUtpapd; tpguq;fs; Njit kw; W k; rhj; j pakhd ,af; f q; f is tpdpNahfpg;gjw;F> 15 - 20 cyh; fUtpfNshL xU ,af; F k; ikaj; i j Jtf; f KbT nra; a g; g l; l J. ,jpy; xU cyh; fUtpf; F Rkhh; 20 fpNyh <ug; g jj; N jhL cs; s pLk; jpwd; nfhz;ljhFk; (2kP x 2kP msT). ,e;jf; fUtpfs; xU tUlj;jpw;F 8-9 khjq;fSf;F> jyh xU khjj;jpw;F 20 ehl;fs; cyh; fUtpia ,af;f Ntz;Lk;. ed;F cUthf;fg;gl;l re;ijapy; Njhuhakhd tpisnghUs; cyh; j ; J k; nra; K iw fP N ; o nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1. fha;fwpfshd jf;fhsp> ghfy;> Riuf;fha;> nts; s hp> G+rzp Nghd; w it (cyh; tpfpjhr;rhuk; 10 fpfp : 1fpfp> <ug;gjk; cs;s fha;fwp nfhs;ssT : 15fpfp /Kiw) 2. fha;fwpfshd ,Q;rp> ntz;il> kpsfha; Nghd;wit (cyh; tpfpjhr;rhuk; 6 fpfp : 1fpfp> <ug;gjk; cs;s fha;fwp nfhs;ssT: 17-20 fpfp/Kiw)
,t;thW midj;J ghjq;fSld;> ,e;j Kaw;rp twz;l gFjpf;F rhpahd Njh;thf ,Uf;fpwJ. njhlh;e;J %yg;nghUs; tpdpNahfkpUe;jhy;> ,e;j Kaw;rp glh;e;J gutyhf ,jd; Njit mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,e;j khjphp gutyhd njhopy; khjphpfs; ngz; f is rf; j ptha; e ; j th; f shf cUthf;Fk;> fpuhk nghUshjhuk; jplkhf khWk; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy; rhjfkhd gq;fspf;Fk;.
Rakesh K Warrier Chief Programme Executive E-mail: rakeshkwarrier@baif.org.in Mahesh N Lade Sr. Project Officer E-mail: maheshlade@baif.org.in BAIF Development Research Foundation BAIF Bhavan, Dr. Manibhai Desai Nagar NH4, Warje, Pune – 411058
%yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> nrg;lk;gh; 2020> thy;A+k; 22> ,jo; 3
3. ,iyfshd ]; g pdhr; > Ntk; G > Jsrp> KUq;iff;fha; Nghd;wit (cyh; tpfpjhr;rhuk; 5 fpfp : 1 fpfp> <ug;gjk; cs;s fha;fwp nfhs;ssT: 10fpfp/Kiw) 4. Kisf;fl;ba gr;irgaW kw;Wk; ehpg;gaW Nghd;wit (cyh; tpfpjhr;rhuk; 1.5 fpfp : 1fpfp> <ug;gjk; cs;s fha;fwp nfhs;ssT: 15fpfp/Kiw)
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
17
Cl;lr;rj;J tPl;Lj; Njhl;lk; Nfhtpl; fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF cWjpaspf;Fk; Gjpa njhopy;El;gk; yl;Rkp cz;zpjhd; cyfNk Gjpa nfhNuhdh itu]hy; gw;wpf;nfhz;L moptpd; jhf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ehLfs; gy Nfs;tpfNshL Neha; jhf;Fjypd; Neub jhf; f j; i j jhz; b nry; Y k; epiyia re;jpj;Jf; nfhz; b Uf; f pwJ. mjpfgl; r tho; t hjhu ,og; G fs; > Ntiyapd; i k> grp kw;Wk; Fbkf;fspd; xl;Lnkhj;j MNuhf;fpa epiyAk; Fiwe;Js;sij midtUk; re;jpj;J tUfpd;wdh;. Culq;F Ntshz;ik nghUshjhuj;jpy; jPq;F tpistpf; F k; jhf; f j; i j Vw; g Lj; j pAs; s J. tptrhapfis ghJfhf;Fk; tz;zk; murhdJ rpy eltbf;iffis mwptpj;jpUe;jhYk;> czT tpdpNahf rq; f pypapy; Vw; g l; l ,ilA+Wfs; ehl;bd; midj;J tptrhapfSf;Fk; Fwpg;gpl;l msT jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfSf;F nghpastpyhd mjph;r;rpia tYf;fl;lhakhf nghWj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; epiy cs;sJ. $ypahl;fs; FiwghL> Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; Fiwthd re;ij ,af;fq;fs; Mfpa fhuzq;fshy;> tptrhapfs; mWtil nra;tjw;Fk;> gRik nghUl;fis tpw;gid nra;tjw;Fk; Nghuhb nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. Nfhtpl; - I jtph; j ; J >Nkhrkhd thdpiy Vw;wj;jho;Tfs;> jz;zPh; gw;whf;Fiw> kz; rP h ; N fL Nghd; w rthy; f s; vjph; f hy czT tpdpNahfj;ij mr;RWj;JfpwJ. Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpapy; gy;tifikKiw> ,e;j Rw;Wr;#oy; rthy;fSf;F jPh;Tfhz cjTk;> NkYk; Mw;wy; epiwe; j cztpypUe; J Cl; l r; r j; J f; f s; epiwe;j czTKiwf;F khWk;. epiyj;j czT kjpg;Grq;fpypfs; cUthf;fp czTKiwfspy; khw;wk; Vw;gLj;jyhk;. Culq;fpd;NghJ vq;fSf;fpUe;j xNu rpe;jid vg; g b xNuNeuj; j py; J}a; i kahd kw; W k; Cl; l r; r j; J kpf; f czTfpilf; F k; . ehk; KOikahd cztpypUe; J njhiyJ}uk; fle; J nfhOg; G rj; J epiwe; j gh; f h; kw; W k; 18
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
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fha;fwpfs; my;yJ epiyj;j tpij ,ufq;fs; Rygkhf fpilf;fhky; f\;lgl;lij ftdpj;jJ. gzk; ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy; ahUk; fha;fwpfs; thq;Ftij jtph;j;jdh;. ngz;fSk;> Foe;ijfSk; kpf Nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;ldh;. Vndd;why; Mz; MjPff ; k; cs;s FLk;gq;fspy; kw;wth;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fg;gLfpwJ. gy epykw;w tptrhapfs; fha;fwpfs; tsh;gg ; jw;Fk; tha;g;gpy;yhky; ,Ue;jdh;. 53 fpukq;fisr; Nrh;e;j 2514 FLk;gq;fSf;F tPl;Lj; Njhl;l fpl;Lfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. MW ,uftpijfs; flNyhug; gFjpapy; cs;s 864 FLk; g q; f Sf; F k; > goq; F bapd gFjpapy; cs;s 1650 FLk;gq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;ld. caph; cuk; nkhj; j khf ngz; f s; FOf; f s; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik ngz;fs; gapw; r pahsh; f shy; ftdpf; f g; g l; l J. ,e; j fpl;Lfs; Rkhh; 1000-1500 r.mb tbtikf;fgl;l ; epygFjp my;yJ kf;fspd; tPLfis Rw;wpAs;s epyk; nghUj; j khf ,Uf; F k; . cs; @ hpy; Muha;r;rp nra;j kw;Wk; J}a;ikahd tpij ,ufq;fshd ntz;il> nfhj;jtiu> fUg;G Gs;sp gl;lhdp> Riuf;fha;> ghfy;> gPh;f;fq;fha; Mfpait tpdpNahfpf; f g; g l; l J. ,tw; i w tpdpNahfpf;Fk;NghJ ghJfhg;G topfhl;Ljy;fs; cj; j hd; epWtdj; j hy; cUthf; f p mjhtJ Kff;ftrk;> ifAiw kw;Wk; FO kw;Wk; fpuhk cjtpahsh;fshy; ,ilntsp filg;gpbg;gij cWjpg; g Lj; j pdh; . ey; y njhopy; E l; g q; f is cWjpg;gLj;j epiwthd Kaw;rpfis ngz;fs; gapw; r pahsh; f shy; vLf; f g; g l; l J. mit tpsk;gu rPl;L>rhFgb Kiwfs; kw;Wk; caph; G+r;rpf;nfhy;ypfs; cw;gj;jp Fwpj;j tPbNahf;fs; %yk; b[pl; l y; tpopg; G zh; i t epiyj; j Ntshz;ik njhopy;El;gq;fspy; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy;. ,e;j Neha; gutypd;NghJ Njitahd ,uf; f j; N jhL czh; T G+h; t khf vLf; F k; Kaw;rpfs; 2514 FLk;gq;fSf;F nrd;wile;jJ> ,jd; %yk; NkYk; 7500 FLk; g q; f Sf; F cjtpnra; j J> Fwpg; g hf epykw; w th; f s; > epyk; kw; W k; jz; z P h ; Mjhuq; f s; ,y; y hj epiyapy; fha; fwpfs; tsh; f; f Kbatpy; iy. ,J xU ehisf; F 700 fpuhk; rj; J f; f s; cj;jputhjj;jpw;F Njitahd fha;fwpfs; vd fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j fha;fwpfs; 7500 FLk;gq;fSf;F 2.5 khjq;fs; mjhtJ kj;jpa yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 3 • nrg;lk;gh; 2021
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Lakshmi Unnithan Editor - Agriculture World Head PR & Communication KRISHI JAGRAN, DSR AGRI MEDIA PVT LTD 60/9, 3rd Floor, Yusuf Sarai Market Near Green Park Metro Station, New Delhi-110016 E-mail: dr.lakshmi@krishijagran.com %yk:; yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2020> thy;A+k; 22> ,jo; 4