LEISA India - Hindi - September 2020 by LEISA India

¥¢·¤ Ñ x, çâÌ ÕÚUU w®w®

a ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ

çßàæðá çãU ‹Îè â¢S·¤ ÚU ‡æ çâÌ ÕÚU w®w®, ¥¢·¤ x

ØãU ¥¢·¤ ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇU Øæ ÅU è× ·¤ ð¤ âæÍ ç×Ü·¤ ÚU Áè0§ü0°0Áè0 mæÚU æ Âý·¤ æçàæÌ ç·¤ Øæ Áæ ÚU ãU æ ãñ, çÁâ×ð´ ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇU Øæ ×ð´ Âý·¤ æçàæÌ ¥¢»ýðÁè Öæáæ ·ð¤ ·¤é ÀU ×Ü ê Ü¹ ð æ´ð ·¤ æ çãU ‹Îè ×´ð ¥ÙßéæÎ °ß¢ â·¢¤ ÜÙ ãÐñ »æðÚU¹ÂéÚU °ÙßæØÚU‹×ð‹ÅUÜ °€àæÙ »ýéÂ wwy, ÂéçÎüÜÂéÚU , °×0Áè0 ·¤ æÜðÁ ÚU æðÇU , ÂæðSÅU Õæ€â {®, »æðÚU ¹ÂéÚU - w|x®®v È¤ æðÙ Ñ +~v-zzv-wwx®®®y, Èñ¤ €â Ñ +~v-zzv-wwx®®®z §ü×ðÜ Ñ geagindia@gmail.com ßðÕâæ§ÅU Ñ www.geagindia.org °.°×.§ü. È¤æ©U‡ÇUðUàæÙ Ù¢0 w®y, v®® È¤ èÅU çÚ¢U » ÚU æðÇU , 3rd Èð¤ Êæ, 2nd ŽÜæ·¤ , rd 3 SÅðU Á, ÕÙàæ¢·¤ ÚU è, Õñ´‚ÜæðÚU - z{®®}z, ÖæÚU Ì È¤ æðÙ Ñ +~v-®}®-w{{~~zvw, +~v-®}®-w{{~~zww Èñ¤ €â Ñ+~v-®}®-w{{~~yv®, §ü×ðÜ Ñ leisaindia@yahoo.co.in ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇU Øæ ¥¢»ýðÁè ×ð´ Âý·¤ æçàæÌ ˜æñ×æçâ·¤ Âç˜æ·¤ æ ãñU , Áæð §çÜØæ ·¤ è âãU Öæç»Ìæ âð °.°×.§ü. È¤ æ©U ‡ÇU ðU àæÙ Õñ´‚ÜæðÚU mæÚU æ Âý·¤ æçàæÌ ãU æðÌè ãñU Ð ×é Ø â ÂæÎ·¤ ·ð¤ .ßè.°â. ÂýâæÎ, °.°×.§ü. È¤ æ©U ‡ÇðU àæÙ ÂýÕ‹Ï â ÂæÎ·¤ ÅU è.°×.ÚU æÏæ., °.°×.§ü. È¤ æ©U ‡ÇðU àæÙ ¥ÙéßæÎ â×‹ßØ ¥¿üÙæ ŸæèßæSÌßU , Áè.§ü.°.Áè. ßè‡ææ, °.°×.§ü. È¤ æ©U ‡ÇðU àæÙ ¥ÙéßæÎ·¤ ¥¢Áê Âæ‡ÇU ðU Ø ¥ÁØ ·é¤ ×æÚU çâ¢ãU ÂýÕ‹ÏÙ M¤ ç€×‡æè Áè.Áè., °.°×.§ü. È¤ æ©U ‡ÇðU àæÙ Üð¥æ©UÅU °ß¢ ÅUæ§üÂâðçÅ¢U» ÚU æÁ·¤ æ‹Ìè »é#æ, Áè.§ü.°.Áè. ÀUÂæ§ü ·¤ SÌêÚU è ¥æòÈ¤ âðÅU , »æðÚU ¹ÂéÚU ¥æßÚU‡æ È¤æðÅUæð Áè0§ü0°0Áè0 ÜèÊææ Âç˜æ·¤æ ·ð¤ ¥‹Ø â ÂæÎÙ ÜñçÅU Ù, ¥×ðçÚU ·¤ Ù, Âçà¿×è ¥Èý¤ è·¤ Ù °ß¢ ÕýæÊæèçÜØÙ â¢S·¤ ÚU ‡æ ÜèÁ¸æ §ç‡ÇUØæ Âç˜æ·¤æ ·ð¤ ¥‹Ø ÿæð˜æèØ â ÂæÎÙ Ìç×Ü, ·¤ ‹ÙÇ¸U , ©U çÇ¸U Øæ, ÌðÜ»ê, ×ÚU æÆU è °ß¢ Â¢ÁæÕè

â ÂæÎ·¤ ·¤ è ¥æðÚU âð Üð¹æð´ ×ð´ Âý·¤ æçàæÌ ÁæÙ·¤ æÚU è ·¤ ð¤ ÂýçÌ ÂêÚU è âæßÏæÙè ÕÚU Ìè »§ü ãñÐ çÈ¤ ÚU Öè Îè »§ü ÁæÙ·¤ æÚU è âð â Õç‹ÏÌ ç·¤ âè Öè ˜æéçÅU ·¤ è çÁ ×ðÎæÚU è ©U U â Üð¹ ·ð¤ Üð¹·¤ ·¤ è ãU æð»èÐ ×æ§ÁðçÚU ØÚU ·ð¤ âãU Øæð» °ß¢ Áè0§ü0°0Áè0 ·ð¤ â×‹ßØÙ ×ð´ °0°×0§ü0 mæÚU æ Âý·¤ æçàæÌ ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚU w®w®

yht+k de ckgjh ykxr ,oa LFkk;h Ñf"k ij vk/kkfjr yht+k mu lHkh fdlkuksa ds fy, ,d rduhd vkSj lkekftd fodYi gS] tks i;kZoj.k lEer fof/k ls viuh mit o vk; c<+kuk pkgrs gSa D;ksafd yht+k ds vUrxZr eq[;r% LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa vkSj izkÑfrd rjhdksa dks viuk;k tkrk gS vkSj vko';drkuqlkj gh ckg~; lalk/kuksa dk lqjf{kr mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA yht+k ikjEifjd vkSj oSKkfud Kku dk la;ksx gS] tks fodkl ds fy, vko”;d okrkoj.k rS;kj djrk gSA ;g Hkh eq[; gS fd blds }kjk fdlkuksa dh {kerk dks fofHkUu rduhdksa ls etcwr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj [ksrh dks cnyrh t:jrksa vkSj fLFkfr;ksa ds vuqdwy cuk;k tkrk gS] lkFk gh mu efgyk ,oa iq#"k fdlkuksa o leqnk;ksa dk l”kfDrdj.k gksrk gS] tks vius Kku] rjhdksa] ewY;ksa] laLÑfr vkSj laLFkkuksa ds vk/kkj ij viuk Hkfo"; cukuk pkgrs gaSA

,-,e-bZ- Qkm.Ms”ku] MDdu ds v}Z”kq’d {ks= ds y?kq lhekUr fdlkuksa ds chp fodkl ,tsfUl;ksa ds tqM+ko] vuqHko ds izlkj] Kkuo}Zu ,oa fofHkUu Ñf’k fodYiksa dh mRifRr }kjk i;kZoj.kh; Ñf’k dks izksRlkfgr djrk gSA ;g de ykxr izkÑfrd lalk/ku izcU/ku ds fy, ikjEifjd Kku o uohu rduhdksa ds lfEeJ.k ls vkthfodk LFkkbZRo dks c<+kok nsrk gSA ,-,e-bZ- Qkm.Ms”ku xkao esa bPNqd fdlkuksa ds lewg dks oSdfYid Ñf"k i)fr rS;kj djus o viukus esa l{ke cukus gsrq muds lkFk tqM+dj l?ku :i ls dke dj jgh gSA ;g LFkku vH;kldrkZvksa o izksRlkgdksa ds fy, mudh ns[kus&le>us dh {kerk esa o`f) djus gsrq lh[kus dh ifjfLFkfr ds rkSj ij gSA blls tqM+h Lo;a lsoh laLFkkvksa vkSj muds usVodZ dks tkuus ds fy, bldh osclkbZV ns[ksa&(www.amefound.org) xksj[kiqj ,uok;jUesUVy ,D'ku xzqi ,d LoSfPNd laxBu gS] tks LFkkbZ fodkl vkSj i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s eqn~nksa ij lu~ 1975 ls dke dj jgk gSA laLFkk y?kq ,oa lhekUr fdlkuksa] vkthfodk ls tqM+s lokyksa] i;kZoj.kh; larqyu] ySafxd lekurk rFkk lgHkkxh iz;kl ds fl}kUrksa ij lQyrkiwoZd dk;Z dj jgh gSA laLFkk us vius 40 lky ds yEcs lQj ds nkSjku vusd ewY;kaduksa] v/;;uksa rFkk egRoiw.kZ 'kks/kksa dks lapkfyr fd;k gSA blds vykok vusd laLFkkvksa] efgyk fdlkuksa rFkk ljdkjh foHkkxksa dk vkthfodk vkSj LFkkbZ fodkl ls lEcfU/kr eqn~nksa ij {kerko/kZu Hkh fd;k gSA vkt th0bZ0,0th0 us LFkkbZ Ñf"k] lgHkkxh iz;kl rFkk ts.Mj tSls fo"k;ksa ij iwjs mÙkj Hkkjr esa viuh fof'k"V igpku cukbZ gSA bldh osclkbZV ns[ksa&(www.geagindia.org) ekbtsfj;j o"kZ 1958 esa LFkkfir teZu dSFkksfyd fc”ki dh laLFkk gS] ftldk xBu fodklkRed lg;ksx ds fy, gqvk FkkA fiNys 50 o"kksZa ls ekbtsfj;j vQzhdk] ,f”k;k vkSj ykfru vesfjdk esa xjhch ds fo:) yM+us ds fy, izfrc) gSA tkfr] /keZ o fyax Hksn ls ijs fdlh Hkh ekuoh; vko”;drkvksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, ;g ges”kk rRij gSA ekbtsfj;j xjhch vkSj gkfu;ksa ds fo:) igy djus ds fy, izsfjr djus esa fo”okl j[krk gSA ;g vius LFkkuh; lg;ksfx;ksa] ppZ vk/kkfjr laxBuksa] xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa] lkekftd vkUnksyuksa vkSj “kks/k laLFkkuksa ds lkFk dke djus dks izkFkfedrk nsrk gSA ykHkkfFkZ;ksa vkSj lg;ksxh laLFkkvksa dks ,d lkFk ysdj ;g LFkkuh; fodklkRed fØ;kvksa dks lkdkj djus vkSj ifj;kstukvksa dks fØ;kfUor djus esa lg;ksx djrk gSA ;g tkuus ds fy, fd fLFkj pqukSfr;ksa dh izfrfØ;k esa ekbtsfj;j fdl izdkj viuh lg;ksxh laLFkkvksa ds lkFk dke dj jgk gSA bldh osclkbV ns[ksa (www.misereor.de; www.misereor.org)

u [kkn] u dhVuk'kd % dukZVd dk ;g fdlku dsoy lkSj mtkZ dk mi;ksx djrk gS lqHkksthr xksLokeh dSyk'k ewfrZ ds izkÑfrd [ksrh ds iz;ksx ns'k esa gj NksVs ,oa lhekar fdlku ds fy, ekMy gSaA

vif'k"Vksa dks ewY;oku lalk/kuksa esa cnyuk lqjs'k dUuk ds-

çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚU w®w® 5 u [kkn] u dhVuk'kd % dukZVd dk ;g fdlku dsoy----------lqHkksthr xksLokeh 8 vif'k"Vksa dks ewY;oku lalk/kuksa esa cnyuk % tSfod----------lqjs'k dUuk ds10 LFkkbZ mRiknu ,oa lkefwgd foi.ku % fdlkukas ds fy, ,d jkLrk MkW jktsUnz mRizsrh

11 Qly LokLF; dks le>uk Vh-,e- fFk;kxjktu] ,l- jkxs'ojh] ,y- jkethes ,oa ikjFkhcsu

15 dhV fu;a=.k esa uokpkj % efgyk fdlku lewg dh m|eh igy vpukZ JhokLro

Qly LOkkLF; dks le>uk Vh-,e- fFk;kxjktu] ,l- jkx'sojh] ,y- jkethes ,oa lh- ikjFkhcu s iz{ks= dh fLFkfr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mi;qDr iks"k.kksa dk lgh le; ij lgh ek=k esa iz;ksx djuk ikS/kksa dks LoLFk j[kus esa ikS/kksa dh vkuqokaf'kd izfrjks/kd {kerk ls vf/kd mYys[kuh; Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA Qlyksa ds LokLF; dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dks ,d lexz rjhds ls le>us dh vko';drk gSA

17 ll a k/ku n{krk grsq iuqpd Z .zk % foLrkj dk ,d O;ogkfjd rjhdk vfuFkkdqekjh ih- ,oa bUnqtk ,l-

lalk/ku n{krk gsrq iqupZØ.k vfuFkkdqekjh ih- ,oa bUnqtk ,l-

dhV fu;a=.k esa uokpkj % efgyk fdlku lewg dh m|eh igy vpZuk JhokLro [ksrh esa uokpkj ,d vfHkuo iz;ksx gSA jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa ,oa moZjdksa ds mi;ksx dks de djrs gq, ekuo ,oa i;kZoj.k LokLF; dk laj{k.k djus ds lkFk [ksrh esa ykxr Hkh de dh tk ldrh gSA lkFk gh vk; dk lzksr Hkh c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA bl ipxkaok fLFkr Lo;a lgk;rk lewg us fl) fd;k gSA

tSfod Ñf"k vo'ks"kksa dk O;ofLFkr iqupZØ.k djrs gq, ewY; lao/kZu djds [ksr dks vf/kd mRiknd vkSj vkRefuHkZj cuk;k tk ldrk gSA dbZ ek;uksa esa ns[kk tk; rks] iqupZØhÑr lalk/ku Hkh fdlkuksa dks ikfjfLFkfrd lsok çnku djus esa l{ke cukrs gSaA [kkldj NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa ds fy, tyok;q vuwdwyu lqfuf'pr djus esa lalk/kuksa ds iqupZØhdj.k dk vf/kd egRo gksrk gSA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚ w®w®

ØãU ¥¢·¤... lEikndh;] [ksrh&fdlkuh ls lEcfU/kr fofo/krkiw.kZ vuqHkoksa dks lesVs gq, yht+k flrEcj] 2020 vad vkids le{k izLrqr gSA [ksrh ihf<+;ksa ls pyk vk jgk ,d ,slk O;olk; gS] tgka fur u;s&u;s iz;ksxksa dh xqatkb'k cuh jgrh gSA mUur'khy o iz;ksx/kehZ fdlku viuh [ksrh esa uokpkjksa dks djrs jgrs gSa vkSj ,d oDr ds ckn muds bu uokpkjksa dks ekU;rk Hkh fey tkrh gSA ;|fi bl izfØ;k esa ,d yEck oDr yxrk gS vkSj tksf[ke dh laHkkouk Hkh cuh jgrh gS] fQj Hkh izÑfr ds lkFk lek;kstu LFkkfir djrs gq, [ksrh dks LFkkbZRo iznku djus dh fn'kk esa ,d csgrj dne gSA yht+k if=dk dk igyk ys[k ^^u [kkn u dhVuk'kd % dukZVd dk ;g fdlku dsoy lkSj mtkZ dk mi;ksx djrk gSA** gSA bl ys[k dks lqHkksthr xksLokeh us fy[kk gSA bl ys[k esa dukZVd ds ,sls fdlku dh dgkuh crkbZ x;h gS] tks izkÑfrd [ksrh ds iz.ksrk eklkukscq Qqdqvksdk ls izHkkfor gksdj fiNys rhu n'kdksa ls Hkh vf/kd le; ls izkÑfrd [ksrh dj jgs gSaA bUgksaus jlk;fud moZjdksa ,oa dhVuk'kdksa dk iz;ksx iw.kZr;k cUn dj fn;k gS vkSj [ksrh dh izkÑfrd i)fr dks viukrs gq, LoLFk ,oa iks"k.k ;qDr mRikn izkIr dj jgs gSaA lqjs'k dUuk ds }kjk fyf[kr ys[k ^^vif'k"Vksa dks ewY;oku lalk/kuksa esa cnyuk** if=dk dk nwljk ys[k gSA Jhyadk esa efgyk fdlkuksa }kjk cuk;s x;s tSfod x`gokfVdk ds vuqqHkoksa ij vk/kkfjr bl ys[k esa ys[kd us tSfod x`gokfVdk ls gksus okys Qk;nksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ dh gSA blds lkFk gh ;g Hkh crk;k gS fd d`f"k ikfjfLFkfrdh ij lh[kksa ,oa vuqHkoksa dk vknku&iznku dj x`gokfVdk rS;kj dh tk;s rks Qly ,oa [ksr vif'k"Vksa ds izc/ku ,oa izHkkoh iqupZØ.k ij u;s fopkjksa ,oa O;ogkfjd lh[kksa dks iznku fd;k gSA fdlku Mk;jh ds vUrxZr bl ckj MkW0 jktsUnz mizsrh us ^^LFkkbZ mRiknu ,oa lkewfgd foi.ku % fdlkuksa ds fy, ,d jkLrk** 'kh"kZd ls usiky ds fdlku Jh Ñ".kk jk; dh lQyrk dh dgkuh dks n'kkZ;k gSA Ñ".kk jk; us vius [ksr dks ,d iz;ksx'kkyk ds :i esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k gS] tgka ij os tSfod [ksrh esa fujUrj 'kks/k ,oa uokpkj djrs jgrs gSaA if=dk dk pkSFkk ys[k Vh- ,e- fFk;kxjktu] ,l- jkxs'ojh] ,y- jkethes ,oa lhikjFkhcsu }kjk fyf[kr ^^Qly LokLF; dks le>uk** gSA bl ys[k ds ek/;e ls ys[kdx.k us ;g crkus dk iz;kl fd;k gS fd Qly LokLF; dks le>us ds vUrxZr e`nk LokLF; dks le>uk lcls vge~ ckr gSA iz{ks= dh fLFkfr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mi;qDr iks"k.kksa dk lgh le; ij lgh ek=k esa iz;ksx djus ls ikS/ks vf/kd LoLFk jgrs gSaA tcfd Qlyksa dks LoLFk j[kus esa ikS/kksa dh vkuqokaf'kd izfrjks/kd {kerk nwljs LFkku ij vkrh gSA Qlyksa ds LokLF; dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dks ,d lexz rjhds ls le>us dh vko';drk gSA fofo/krkvksa ds Øe esa if=dk dk ikapoka ys[k vpZuk JhokLro }kjk fyf[kr ^^dhV fu;a=.k esa uokpkj % efgyk fdlku lewg dh m|eh igy** gSA bl ys[k esa efgyk fdlku lewg }kjk tSfod fof/k ls dhV fod"kZd rS;kj djus] iz;ksx dj mldh xq.koRrk ,oa izHkko'khyrk tkapus rFkk mlds foi.ku dh ;kstukc) igy dks crk;k x;k gSA ^^lalk/ku n{krk gsrq iqupZØ.k % foLrkj dk ,d O;ogkfjd rjhdk** uked ys[k if=dk dk NBka o vfUre ys[k gS] ftls vfuFkkdqekjh ih ,oa bUnqtk ,l us fy[kk gSA bl ys[k ds ek/;e ls ys[kd}; us ;g js[kkafdr djus dk iz;kl fd;k gS fd tSfod Ñf"k vo'ks"kksa dk O;ofLFkr iqupZØ.k djrs gq, ewY; lao/kZu djds [ksr dks vf/kd mRiknd vkSj vkRefuHkZj cuk;k tk ldrk gSA lp rks ;g gS fd iqupZØhd`r lalk/ku Hkh fdlkuksa dks ikfjfLFkfrd lsok çnku djus esa l{ke cukrs gSaA [kkldj NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa ds fy, tyok;q vuwdwyu lqfuf'pr djus esa lalk/kuksa ds iqupZØhdj.k dk vf/kd egRo gksrk gSA vUr esa if=dk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa dh xq.koÙkk] mi;ksfxrk ,oa O;ogkfjdrk ij vkids lq>ko vkeaf=r gS--lEiknd e.My

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚU w®w®

Ù ¹æÎ, Ù ·¤èÅUÙæàæ·¤ Ñ

·¤ÙæüÅU·¤ ·¤æ ØãU ç·¤âæÙ ·ð¤ßÜ âæñÚU Uª¤Áæü ·¤æ ©UÂØæð» ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñU âéÖæðÁèÌ »æðSßæ×è dSyk'k ewfrZ ds izkÑfrd [ksrh ds iz;ksx ns'k esa gj NksVs ,oa lhekar fdlku ds fy, ekMy gSaA

fcuk vFkZ”kkL= ds ikfjfLFkfrdh dk vfLrRo gks ldrk gS] ysfdu ikfjfLFkfrdh ds fcuk vFkZ'kkL= dk vfLrRo ugha jg ldrk gSA ,e-ds- dSyk'k ewfrZ us bls dfBu rjhds ls lh[kk FkkA pkejktuxj ftys ds nksfìUMqokMh xk¡o esa cSadj ls fdlku cus ewfrZ us jkT; ds lcls lw[ks bykdksa esa ls ,d iz{ks= dk p;u dj ogk¡ 22 ,dM+ {ks= dks feuh taxy ds :Ik esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k gSA ,sls le; esa] tc iatkc tSls jkT; dhVuk'kd vkSj jlk;fud moZjdksa ds mi;ksx dks de djus dk vkºoku dj jgs gSa] çkÑfrd [ksrh ds lkFk ewfrZ dk ç;ksx vyx gS tks ns'k esa gj NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlku ds fy, ,d e‚My gSA ewfrZ us 1984 esa jlk;fud [ksrh dk vH;kl 'kq: fd;kA pkj lky ds Hkhrj gh mUgsa tSo fofo/krk ds gzkl ls gksus okys cqjs çHkkoksa dk ,glkl gqvkA feêh dh moZjrk ?kVus yxh vkSj ikS/kksa dks vf/kd ikuh vkSj moZjd nsus dh vko”;drk iM+us yxhA ewfrZ dgrs gSa Þfdlkuksa dks le>uk pkfg, fd dhV çkÑfrd ?kVuk, gSaA ;fn Qlyksa dks fcuk mipkj ds NksM+ fn;k tk; rks os dhVksa ds fy, Lo;a vius vUnj ,d çfrjks/kd {kerk fodflr djrs gSaA dsoy Qlyksa ij dhVuk'kdksa ds fNM+dko ls dhVksa ij dksbZ vadq'k ugha yxsxkA gkyk¡fd] 'kq: essa ;g yxrk gS fd dhVuk'kd dke dj jgk gS] ysfdu yacs le; esa dhVksa esa buds izfr çfrjks/kd {kerk rS;kj gks tkrh gSA ;gh rks 'kq#vkrh o"kksaZ esa esjs lkFk gqvkA** vkxs ewfrZ crkrs gSa ^^esjs [ksr ds dhVksa us lHkh dhVuk'kdksa ds fy, vius vUnj çfrjks/kd {kerk dk fodkl dj fy;k vkSj ikS/kksa esa vf/kd ,uihds ¼ukbVªkstu] QkLQksjl vkSj iksVsf'k;e½] ;wfj;k] ikVsk'k vkjS ikuh dh vko”;drk iMu+s yxhA**

,d igy tkiku esa dh tkus okyh çkÑfrd [ksrh eklkukscq Qqdqvksdk ls izsfjr gksdj ewfrZ us 1988 esa çkÑfrd [ksrh esa dne j[kkA rc ls yxHkx 30 lky chr pqds gSa vkSj ewfrZ us dHkh jlk;fud moZjdksa ;k dhVuk'kdksa dk bLrseky ugha fd;kA vkt Hkh] og uks&fVfyax vkSj uks&ohfMax n`f"Vdks.k dk vuqlj.k djrs gSaA 'kwU;&fuos'k [ksrh ds vius nkos dh iqf"V djrs gq, og dgrs gSa] Þ[ksrh ds fy,] eSa iapxO; vkSj thokeqzr tSlh tSfod [kkn dk mi;ksx ugha djrkA eSa dsoy çdk'k la'ys"k.k dk mi;ksx dj jgk g¡wA** muds [ksr esa vc dqy 3069 isM+ gSa] ftuesa lqikjh] vke] dsyk] gjh chUl] iihrk vkSj dbZ rjg dh tM+h&cwfV;ka 'kkfey gSaA ;fn ewfrZ dhVuk'kdksa dk mi;ksx ugha dj jgs gSa] rks og dhVksa ls dSls fuiV jgs gSa\ bldk tokc nsrs gq, ewfrZ dgrs gSa] Þ;g lk/kkj.k foKku gS tks gesa fl[kkrk gS fd dSls ikS/ks viuk Hkkstu cukrs gSa vkSj dhVksa ds fy, çfrjks/kd {kerk fodflr djrs gSaA blds vykok] çÑfr dHkh Hkh ,d çtkfr dks nqfu;k ij jkt djus dh vuqefr ugha nsxhA** Qly fofo/krk ds ykHkksa ds ckjs esa crkrs gq, os dgrs gSa] ^^tc vki fofHkUu çdkj dh lfCt+;ka] Qy ,oa ikS/ks mxkrs gSa] rks çR;sd Qly dhVksa ds fy, vfr laosnu'khy gks tkrh gS] D;ksafd ckn esa mudh o`f+) dks jksduss ds fy, vf/kd çkÑfrd nq'eu gksaxsA** ewfrZ dgrs gSa] muds thou dk ,d pj.k mu isM+ksa dh igpku djus esa chr x;k tks dsys dh [ksrh esa gkfudkjd gSa vkSj mu isM+ksa dks lekIr djus ds fy, mUgksaus dsys ds fy, lgk;d ikS/ks ^^nq'eu isM+ksa** dks yxkus dh 'kq#vkr dh rkfd dsys ds ckxku iui ldsaA vius dsys ds ckxku esa] dsys ds dSuksih ds uhps ds {ks= esa ,sls lgk;d ikS/kkas dks 'kkfey fd;k gS] ftlls] e`nk ds thoka”k dh j{kk] lao/kZu vkSj lg;ksx gksA dsys ds lgk;d ikS/kksa ls tks tSfod inkFkZ fxjrk gS] og thoka”k ds fy, Hkkstu cu ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚ w®w®

tkrk gSA blds vykok] ikuh ds ok"ihdj.k ls gksus okys uqdlku ls cpk tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd feêh dh lrg dks <+ad fn;k x;k gSA bl çdkj] feêh dh ueh cjdjkj jgrh gSA ewfrZ us dksYysxy rkyqd ds ikl ,dsMeh v‚Q uspqjy [ksrh dh LFkkiuk dh gSA bldk ,dek= mn~ns'; moZjdksa ds nq"çHkkoksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk ykuk vkSj çkÑfrd [ksrh esa okil vkus ds ykHkksa ds ckjs esa yksxksa dks crkuk gSA og çksQslj ,e-MhuatqanLokeh ds lkFk feydj dukZVd esa vkSj vkl&ikl ds yksxksa ds chp 'kwU; fuos'k [ksrh dks yksdfç; cukus dh fn'kk esa dke dj jgs gSa] ftlesa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd dSls çkÑfrd [ksrh tyok;q ifjorZu ls yM+us vkSj vius vkuqoaf'kd xq.kksa dks cjdjkj j[kus esa enn djrh gS\ 'kk;n og ns'k ds vdsys vkneh gSa tks vius [ksr ds ikl lkSj ÅtkZ ls lapkfyr QwM çkslsflax IykaV pykrs gSaA

oSKkfudksa ds eq¡g ls lh/ks dqN lky igys mUgksaus ns'k Hkj ds Ñf"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa vkSj vuqla/kku dsaæksa ds fo'ks"kKksa dks vius [ksr dk v/;;u djus vkSj blds xq.kksa o

;fn vki ^^?kkrd fuos'kksa** ls tSo fofo/krk dks ekjrs gSa rks vki ^^d`f"k vijk/k foKku** dk vH;kl djrs gSaA voxq.kksa dh igpku djus ds fy, vkefa=r fd;kA fdlh Hkh deh ;k chekjh ds y{k.kkas ds vk/kkj ij ik/Skkas dks LoLFk ik;k x;kA ;fwuoflVZh v‚Q ,xhzdYpj lkbl a ] cx aS ykjs ds ,e-,u- je'sk us ekuk fd efwrZ ds [krs ds ckxokuh okys lHkh ik/Sks dhVkas ls eqä gSa] cgqr lkjs LoLFk Qy vkSj uV~l yns gq, gSaA 28 ifjokjksa dh tM+h&cwfV;ksa ,oa isM+ksa dh 138 ls vf/kd çtkfr;kas dks dsoy lw;Z ds çdk'k dk mi;ksx djrs gq, djds ou ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dh rjg rS;kj fd;k x;k gS] tks ,d csgrj ifjos'k dk fuekZ.k dj jgh gSaA ftu oSKkfudksa us buds [ksr dk v/;;u fd;k Fkk] muds vuqlkj ^^[kj&irokjksa vkSj fofHkUu iztkfr;ksa ds isM+ksa ls fxjus okys iÙks ,oa Vgfu;ksa ls fudys dwM+s dh ,d eksVh ijr ¼yxHkx 9 bap½ ls efYpax dh tk jgh gS vkSj ;s feêh ds dVko dks jksdus ds fy, cgqr l{ke gSaA blds vykok] [kjirokj vkSj fxjh gqbZ ifÙk;ksa ds çkÑfrd iqupZØhdj.k ds ek/;e ls feêh esa ik, tkus okys QksVks % ,e-ds- dSyk'k ewfrZ

tkiku esa izkÑfrd [ksrh ds iz.ksrk eklkuks o Qqdsvksok ls izHkkfor gksdj ewfrZ 1988 esa izkÑfrd [ksrh ds rjQ eqM+s

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚU w®w®

thok.kq cSflyh

ykHk ukbVªkstu ;kSfxdhdj.k] Hkkjh /kkrqvksa esa ifjorZu ,oa dkcZfud inkFkksZa dk vi?kVu djrk gSA

E;wdj

i;kZoj.k esa ukbVªkstu ifjorZu] dkcZfud inkFkksZa dk vi?kVu ,oa gkbMªksdkcZu dk tSo inkFkksZa esa fo?kVu djus dk dk;Z djrk gSA

cSlhyl

QkLQsV dks ?kksy ds :i esa fo?kfVr djrk gSA

vkFkksZcSDVj ,lih e`nk ds dkcZfud inkFkksZa dks vi?kfVr djus dk dk;Z djrk gSA L;wMkseksukl

ukbVªkstu] dkcZu] QkLQksjl] xa/kd ¼lYQj½ dk jklk;fud ;kSfxdhdj.k djrk gSA

tho tSls dspq,a] dhV ,oa dod Hkh e`nk esa ekStwn gSaA ckfj'k dk ikuh tM+ksa rd uhps tkrk gS vkSj Hkwfexr&tyLrj dks fjpktZ djrk gSA fo'ks"kKksa ds vuqeku ds vuqlkj] isM+ksa dh çtkfr;ksa }kjk lkykuk yxHkx 1085 Vu dkcZu vo'kks"k.k gksrk gSA cSaxyksj fo'ofo|ky; ds i;kZoj.k foKku foHkkx ds jhMj vkSj ç/kku vUos"kd M‚0 ,u- uafnuh }kjk feêh dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k vkSj ;g crk;k x;k fd] mudh Hkwfe ds uewuksa ls irk pyk fd feêh esa fudsy tSls lw{e iks"kd rRo ds vykok mPp ,uihds ¼ukbVªkstu] QkLQksjl vkSj iksVsf'k;e] tLrk] yksgk] rkack vkSj eSXuhf'k;e½ lkexzh ekStwn gSA muds [ksr esa 300 ls vf/kd ckxokuh vkSj ydM+h ds isM+ ckfj'k dh cwanksa dks lh/ks tehu ij fxjus vkSj feêh ds dVko dks jksdrh gSaA ysfdu] D;k mudk [ksr tyok;q ifjorZu ds çHkko ls vNwrk gS\ mudk dguk gS Þvki ns[krs gSa] ,d vke dk isM+ cnyrh tyok;q dk lwpd gSA Qwyksa ls ysdj ijkx.k vkSj Qyksa dh ifjiDork rd] gj laØe.k iwoZ esa vuqekfur gksrk FkkA ge tkurs Fks fd vke ds isM+ e/; tuojh ls Qwyus yxsaxs vkSj ge ebZ rd Qy dkVsaxsA ysfdu bl lky] Qwy fnlacj esa gqvkA blds vykok] ,d vke ds isM+ dks c<+us ds fy, e/;e rkieku dh vko';drk gksrh gSA fiNys dqN o"kksaZ ls eSa /;ku ns jgk gwa fd yacs le; rd

QksVks % ,e-ds- dSyk'k ewfrZ

ewfrZ ds [ksrksa esa ik;s tkus okys fofHkUu izdkj ds thok.kq vkSj muds ykHk

dsyk lgk;d ikS/kksa ls fxjus okys vif'k"V lw{e thok'eksa dk Hkkstu curs gSA

vf/kd xehZ gksus ls Qwy ty tkrs gSaA tyok;q ifjorZu ds dkj.k fdlkuksa ds fy, Qy ds thou pØ dh Hkfo";ok.kh djuk dfBu gks jgk gSA** muls ckr djrs le;] dksbZ Hkh ;g eglwl dj ldrk gS fd og u dsoy vius vke ds isM+ksa ds ckjs esa fpafrr gS] cfYd vke ds isM+ksa ij fuHkZj thoka”k vkSj dhVksa ds fy, Hkh fpafrr gSA os dgrs gSa] Þvki lksp ldrs gSa fd bu cnykoksa ds lkFk vuqdwyu ds fy, bu NksVs thoksa dks D;k djuk iM+rk gSA thfor jgus vkSj vxyh ih<+h dks fodflr djus esa enn djus ds fy, mUgsa vius laiw.kZ thoupØ esa ifjorZu djuk gksrk gSA** Þge liqj Li'skfyVh vLirkykas ls LokLF; ljq{kk ugha çkIr djrs g]aS yfsdu [kk| fofo/krk ls ,l s k dj ldrs gSA blhfy,] bu lHkh o"kksaZ esa] eSaus tehu ds uhps ds thoksa dk v/;;u fd;k gS vkSj feêh esa iks"kd rRoksa dh vkiwfrZ djus dh mudh {kerk dks le>k gSA** orZeku le; esa çkÑfrd [ksrh dks viukuk çklafxd gks x;k gS D;ksafd lhekar fdlku viuh fuos'k ykxr dks rsth ls de djus ds lk/ku [kkst jgs gSa vkSj blesa mUgsa dksbZ uqdlku ugha gks jgk oju~ bu lHkh o"kksaZ esa ykHk gh dek jgs gSaA bl ys[k dks ewyr% Mkmu Vw vFkZ if=dk esa izdkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA vki bls

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/agriculture/thi skarnataka-farmer-hasn-t-used-fertiliserspesticides-forthree-decades-now-57443 ij ns[k

ldrs gSaA âéÖæðÁèÌ »æðSßæ×è Âêßü âãU æØ·¤ â ÂæÎ·¤ ÇU æ©U Ù ÅêU ¥Íü Nurture plants- save the planet

LEISA INDIA, Vol. 21, No.4, December 2019

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚ w®w®

¥ÂçàæCïUæð´ ·¤æð ×êËØßæÙ â¢âæÏÙæð´ ×ð´ ÕÎÜÙæ

Áñçß·¤ »ëãUßæçÅU·¤æ ·ð¤ ¥ÙéÖß âéÚðUàæ ·¤‹‹ææ ·ð¤.

x`gokfVdk ds ek/;e ls [kk| mRiknu ,oa vkthfodk dks mUur cukus dh rjQ u;s fljs ls /;ku fn;k tk jgk gSA x`g okfVdk dks rS;kj djrs le; Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh ij lh[kksa ,oa vuqHkoksa ds vknku&iznku us Qly ,oa [ksr vif'k"Vksa ds izcU/ku ,oa izHkkoh iqupZØ.k ij u;s fopkjksa ,oa O;ogkfjd lh[kksa dks iznku fd;k gSA vif'k"V tSlk dqN Hkh ugha gSA vif'k"V flQZ ,d ,slk csdkj lalk/ku gS] ftls vU; nwljs mRiknksa ds fy, ,d ewY;oku lkexzh ds rkSj ij mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA vif'k"V lalk/kuksa ls vkfFkZd ykHkksa dks vf/kdre djuk rFkk Lohdk;Z i;kZoj.kh; ekudksa dks cuk;s j[kuk gh fdlh Hkh vif'k"V izcU/ku iz.kkyh dk igyk y{; gksrk gSA O;ogkfjd gksus ds fy,] iz.kkyh dk lLrk ,oa lapkyu ds fy, mi;qDr gksuk pkfg,A ;fn vif'k"Vksa dks leqfpr <ax ls izcfU/kr ugha fd;k tkrk gS] rks os lrgh tyLrj] HkwxHkZ tyLrj ,oa ok;q dks iznwf"kr dj ldrs gSaA dpjs dks ,d lalk/ku ds :i esa ns[kuk ikfjfLFkfrdh Ñf"k ds ekxZn'kZd fl)kUrksa esa ls ,d gSA

Jhyadk esa izR;sd x`gokfVdk ifjokj dh 80 izfr'kr iks"k.k vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djrh gSaA

lg;ksfx;ksa gsrq Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh esa vo/kkj.kk ,oa n`f"Vdks.k ij le> fodflr djus ds fy, ;qokvksa gsrq Jhyadk esa ,d lh[k Hkze.k dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA iSu ,ih ds lkFk usVofdZax us ikfjfLFkfrdh Ñf"k] [kk| lEizHkqrk ,oa Ñf"k& ikfjfLFkfrdh vk/kkfjr tSo fofo/krk ij vius lg;ksfx;ksa ds chp vuqHko ,oa lh[k vknku&iznku rFkk {kerk vfHko/kZu ds voljksa dk fuekZ.k fd;kA ekpZ 2018 ds nkSjku] iSu ,ih ds lg;ksxh tdkrkZ] b.Mksusf'k;k esa ^^dk;Z esa Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh** ij vfHk;ku esa layXu jgsA blls ;g r; gqvk fd {ks= oSf'od Lrj ij] Ñf"k iz{ks=ksa ls fudys vif'k"V esa ,Moksdslh ds fy, lh[k vknku&iznku dk;ZØe mRiknksa ds LFkkbZ mi;ksxksa dks [kkstus dh rRdky ,d egRoiw.kZ j.kuhfr jghA iSu ,ih ds lkFk vko';drk gSA Ñf"k ds vUnj tSfod vif'k"Vksa ds iqupZØhdj.k gsrq izHkkoh n`f"Vdks.k [kfut moZjdksa dh yxHkx nks n'kdksa ls lg;ksxh dqMqEce us Hkh bl vko';drk dks de dj ldrs gSa vkSj e`nk esa tSfod lh[k vknku&iznku dk;ZØe esa Hkkx fy;k FkkA dkcZu dh deh dks iwjk dj ldrs gSaA Qly vkSj Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh ij lh[kksa dk vknku&iznku i'kq ls izkIr izR;sd vif'k"V lkexzh dks lko/kkuh ls fu.kZ; ds vk/kkj ij] Qjojh] 2019 esa Jh yadk esa ,df=r] lajf{kr ,oa [ksr esa iqu% mi;ksx dj ldrs Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh ds Åij ;qokvksa ds fy, ,d gSaA ;g vR;Ur l?ku [ksrh dh iz.kkyh esa e`nk pkj fnolh; lh[k vknku&iznku dk;Zdze dk mRikndrk dks cuk;s j[kus esa enn djrk gS vkSj [kfut inkFkksZa dh deh dks iwjk djus ds fy, ^^cQj** vk;kstu fd;k x;kA bl dk;ZØe dk eq[; ds rkSj ij dke djrk gSA lalk/kuksa ds iqupZØhdj.k mn~ns'; ckaXykns'k] dEcksfM;k] Hkkjr] ey;sf'k;k] ikfdLrku] fQyhihUl ,oa Jhyadk ds lg;ksfx;ksa ds ls Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh dks izksRlkfgr djus vkSj Ñf"k chp Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh ij lh[k vknku&iznku dks tSo&fofo/krk dks c<+kus esa Hkh ;ksxnku feyrk gSA QSflfyVsV djuk FkkA bldk ,d mn~ns'; ppkZvksa eysf'k;k fLFkr isLVhlkbM ,D'ku usVodZ ,f'k;k ds ek/;e ls Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh ,oa [kk| lEizHkqrk ,.M n iSflfQd }kjk nf{k.kh ,f'k;k fLFkr vius 8

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚU w®w®

ds eqn~nksa ,oa pyu ij xEHkhj ,oa rh{.k fo'ys"k.k djuk Hkh FkkA Jhyadk dh ,d LFkkuh; Lo;alsoh laLFkk fodkyikuh jk"Vªh; efgyk la?k us bl lh[k vknku&iznku dk;ZØe dks vk;ksftr fd;k ,oa iz{ks= rFkk laLFkk vk/kkfjr lh[k vknku&iznku xfrfof/k;ksa dks QSflfyVsV fd;kA izfrHkkfx;ksa us fodkyikuh jk"Vªh; efgyk la?k ds eksukjokxyk fLFkr iz{ks= dk Hkze.k fd;k] tks dksyEcks ls 350 fdeh0 nwj gSA fodkyikuh la?k fiNys nks n'kdksa ls Jhyadk esa efgyk fdlkuksa dks lewg ds :i esa laxfBr djus ,oa tSfod x`gokfVdk dks izksRlkfgr djus dk dke dj jgh gSA izfrHkkfx;ksa us fodkyikuh la?k ds rduhdh lg;ksx ls efgykvksa }kjk LFkkfir fd;s x;s vusd x`gokfVdk dk Hkze.k fd;kA lHkh x`gokfVdk ls izkIr mRiknksa dk mi;ksx ?kjsyw miHkksx ds fy, gksrk gS vkSj blesa ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dk Je yxrk gSA izR;sd x`gokfVdk viuh fMtkbu ,oa LFkku ds mi;ksx rFkk ifjokj dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus dh n`f"V ls fof'k"V ,oa vuks[kh gSA vius&vius ?kjksa ds ihNs [kkyh tehu esa cgqr lh iztkfr;ksa dh tSfod fof/k ls rS;kj dh x;h l?ku ,oa fofo/krkiw.kZ x`gokfVdk cgqr izHkkoh gSaA x`gokfVdk esa] efgyk,a lfCt+;ka] vkS"k/kh; ikS/ks] gfj;kyh ,oa isM+ksa ds la;kstu ds lkFk [ksrh djrh gSaA blesa VekVj] cSxu] fHk.Mh] fepZ] I;kt] lkx] lse] dkyh fepZ] djsyk] fpfpaMk] iqnhuk] ewyh] oYyjkbZ] f?kdokj] /kfu;k] gYnh] yglqu] dsyk ,oa lkxkSu] XykbZjhflMh;k] vke] ve:n tSls isM+ 'kkfey gSaA Qly p;u] fuos'kksa dh [kjhn] dVkbZ&rqM+kbZ ,oa izcU/ku vkfn ls lEcfU/kr lHkh fu.kZ; ifjokj ds miHkksx ,oa vk; miktZu dh vko';drkvksa ds vk/kkj ij fy;s tkrs gSaA x`gokfVdk dk la;kstu bl izdkj fd;k x;k gS fd ifjokj dh yxHkx 80 izfr'kr vko';drk,a blls gh iwjh gks tkrh gSa vkSj ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dh iks"k.k lqj{kk Hkh c<+ jgh gSA

vif'k"Vksa dks [kkn esa cnyuk eq[; :i ls le> cukus vkSj vif'k"V inkFkksZa dks mi;ksxh lalk/kuksa esa ifjofrZr djrs gq, lalk/kuksa ds iqupZØhdj.k esa iwjs ifjokj ds layXu gksus ls gh lQyrk feyrh gSA efgyk fdlkuksa }kjk jlksbZ ds vif'k"Vksa ,oa Qly vo'ks"kksa dk mi;ksx dj dEiksLV cukus dh fof/k dks tkuuk izfrHkkfx;ksa ds fy, ,d cgqr vPNh lh[k jghA jlksbZ ls fudys

vif'k"V ty dk iqupZØ.k djrs gq, cxhps ds fy, bldk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk FkkA LFkkuh; lkefxz;ksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, vif'k"Vksa ds iqupZØhdj.k ij mudh uohu rduhdsa izfrHkkfx;ksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ lh[k cuhaA yrknkj ikS/kksa ds fy, XykbZjhflfM;k dh ydM+h dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k] ftlls e`nk esa ueh lajf{kr gksus ds dkj.k lw{e tyok;q dk fuekZ.k gks jgk gSA tSfod pkjdksy dks rS;kj fd;k x;k ,oa cxhps ds fy, ,d ewY;oku [kkn ds :i esa mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk FkkA dk;Z'kkyk esa izfrHkkx djus okys izfrHkkxh Jhyadk esa ljdkj }kjk mBk;s x;s dneksa] fo'ks"kdj Ñf"k foHkkx }kjk fd;s x;s dk;ksZa ds Hkh lk{kh jgsA Ñf"k foHkkx us tSfod Ñf"k ds fy, ,d mRÑ"Vrk dsUnz LFkkfir fd;k gS] tks Jhyadk esa tSfod Ñf"k ds foLrkj gsrq izfrc) gSA bl dsUnz esa] fdlkuksa ds fy, laLrqr djus ls iwoZ fofHkUu izdkj ds tSo mRiknksa ij cgqr ls 'kks/k fd;s tkrs gSaA izfrHkkfx;ksa dks 'kgjh {ks= esa Ñf"k izlkj vf/kdkjh }kjk Lo;a ds fy, fodflr fd;s x;s ,d vuwBs x`gokfVdk dk Hkze.k djus dk Hkh ekSdk feykA

fu"d"kZ oSf'od [kk| ladV vkSj Hkkstu dh c<+rh dherksa ds ladV ds chp LFkkuh; [kk| iz.kkfy;ksa dk fuekZ.k djus ,oa c<+kus ij tksj fn;k x;kA bl lUnHkZ esa] x`gokfVdkvksa ds ek/;e ls [kk| mRiknu ,oa vkthfodk o`f) ij u;s fljs ls /;ku fn;k tk jgk gSA d`f"k ikfjfLFkfrdh ij lh[k ,oa vuqHko vknku&iznku ds ek/;e ls x`gokfVdk dks fMtkbu djrs le; [ksr ds dpjksa dk izcU/ku ,oa izHkkoh iqupZØ.k ij u;s fopkj ,oa O;ogkfjd lh[k iznku fd;s gSaA

UâéÚUð àæ ·¤‹‹ææ ·ð¤. ·é¤ ÇéU Õ× â¢® vvx/vv}, âé‹ÎÚU æÁ Ù»ÚU , âéÕý×‡ØÂéÚU × ç˜æ¿è- {w® ®w®, Ìç×ÜÙæÇéU , ÖæÚU Ì §ü×ðÜ Ñ sureshkanna_kudumbam@yahoo.in Recycling resources in agroecological farms LEISA INDIA, Vol. 21, No.2, June 2019

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚ w®w®

ç·¤âæÙ ÇUæØÚUè

SÍæ§ü ©UˆÂæÎÙ °ß¢ âæ×êçãU·¤ çßÂ‡æÙ Ñ

ç·¤âæÙæð´ ·ð¤ çÜ° °·¤ ÚUæSÌæ ÇUæò0 ÚUæÁð‹¼ý ©UˆÂýðÌè

Ñ".kk jk; ,d vuqdj.kh; fdlku ,oa ,d vfHkuo m|eh gSaA muds ,d gsDVs;j esa QSys [ksr dh Hkwfe ^^ikfjfLFkfrdh ou iz.kkyh** dk ,d 'kkunkj ekWMy gSA 'kkunkj bl vFkZ esa fd ;gka ij lHkh dqN ,d vkilh csgrj rky&esy ds lkFk ykHkizn :i esa ,dhÑr gSA Qly vkSj i'kq/ku dk ,dhdj.k cM+h gh lqUnjrk ds lkFk fd;k x;k gSA buds [ksr esa gtkj eNfy;ksa dks ikyus ds fy, ,d IykfLVd dk rkykc gS] ftlesa tkus dk izos'k }kj yxHkx 10 ehVj yEck gSA blh ds lkFk ge lwvjkas dks ns[k ldrs gSa] ftudk izR;sd dk otu 300 fdxzk0 ls vf/kd gkx s kA LFkku ds vu: q i] igkMh+ <yku ij muds [ksr esa] uhps dh vksj ge lhfjat ikbi ds lkFk cksryksa dks yVds ikrs gSa] tks muds xeys ds ikS/kksa ds fy, cwan flapkbZ gsrq yxk;s x;s gSaA NksVh x`gokfVdk ds ihNs] ,d 8000 yhVj dh {kerk okyk IykfLVd dk rkykc g]S ftldh lrg ij cÙk[kkas ds fy, [kj&irokj rSjrk jgrk gS] tks lwvjksa vkSj cÙk[kksa ds fy, Hkkstu gSA cÙk[ksa lwvjksa dk ey [kkrh gSa] ftlls ePNjksa dk ykokZ iSnk gksus dh izfØ;k ij Hkh jksd yxrh gSA bUgkuass vius [krs eas dN q yks Vuy iky W h gkml Hkh yxk j[ks gSa] tgk¡ ij os pkbuht+ cUnxksHkh vkSj QwyxksHkh ds lkFk VekVj dks ,dhÑr :i ls mxk jgs gAaS dnn~w vkjS djy s k dks VekVj ds Åij p<k+ j[kk gAS if'peh rjQ cÙk[k] eqfxZ;ka ,oa VdhZ dks iky jgs gSaA d`".kk jk; ds ikl 10 xk;sa gSaA nw/k dks os csp nsrs gSa vkSj xk; ds xkscj ls ck;ksxSl cukrs gSa tcfd ck;kx s l S ls fudys vif'k"V dk mi;kx s oehZ dEikLsV cukus esa djrs gSaA vius ,d gsDVs;j ds [ksr esa cgqr ls ,dhÑr m|eksa ds lkFk] Jh jk; yxHkx 2000 MkWyj dh 'kq) ekfld vkenuh izkIr djrs gSa] tks ,d vkSlr ifjokj dh vk; dk nl xquk gSA xkS'kkyk ds lkeus gh 'kkSpky; gSA muds 'kkSpky; ij fy[kk gS ^^[ksr ls isV esa vkSj isV ls [ksr esaA** 'kkSpky; ls fudyus okys ey vkSj ew= dks fHkUu& fHkUu x<~<ksa esa ,d= dj mls 'kfDr'kkyh moZjd esa cnyrs gSaA ekuo vkSj i'kq ey&ew= Jh jk; ds moZjd cSad cukrs gSa] ftls oehZ dEiksLV] oehZd pk;] [kkn] dSIlwy ,oa rjy [kkn esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gS lkFk 10

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚU w®w®

gh ;s ck;kx s l S dks Hkh 'kfDr nrss gAaS bl id z kj] miyC/k lalk/kuksa dk csgrj mi;ksx djus ds lkFk tSo pØ dks i.wkZ djrs g,q tfSod vif'k"Vkas dh iRz;d s oLrq dks dq'kyrkiwoZd 'kfDr'kkyh moZjdksa esa cnyk tkrk gSA Ñ".kk jk; dgrs gSa ^^rkykc ds Åij ,d gYdk cYc yVdk gqvk gS] ftls ns[kdj izR;sd O;fDr iwNrk gS fd bls ;gka D;ksa yVdk j[kk gS\ dksbZ bldk vuqeku ugha yxk ikrk gS] oju~ lHkh vk'p;Zpfdr gks tkrs gSaA tcfd bldk mi;ksx jkf= esa dhV&iraxksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, yxk;k x;k gSA tc dhM+s ejsaxs rks eNfy;ka mUgsa [kk;saxhA** dhVksa ,oa iraxksa ls fuiVus gsrq mUgksaus uhe] ,oa vU; fo"kSys ikS/kksa dh ifÙk;ksa dk dhVuk'kd cuk;k gSA og crkrs gSa ^^dhVksa ,oa dhM+ksa dks Hkxkus ds fy, ekuo@i'kq ew= lokZf/kd izHkkoh gSA** Jh jk; us viuh Hkwfe dks tSfod vkokl ds :i esa ifjofrZr djus rFkk vius dU/kksa ij tSfod dk fcYyk /kkj.k djus ds fy, vius thous ds nks n'kd [kpZ fd;s gSaA og lksrkax Ñf"k iz{ks= vkSj 'kks/k dsUnz ds lhbZvks Hkh gSaA Jh jk; us vius xk¡o esa tSfod [ksrh djus dk chM+k mBk;k gSA lkFk gh vius usr`Ro djus ds xq.kksa ds dkj.k og tSfod Ñf"k i)fr dks viukus gsrq fdlkuksa dks mRizsfjr djus esa l{ke gSaA dq'ky ,oa izHkkoh Ñf"k rduhd ds {ks= esa fujUrj 'kks/k] uokpkj ,oa lq/kkjkRed xfrfof/k;ksa ds dkj.k buds xk¡o dks ^^'kks/k dsUnz** ds rkSj ij tkuk tkus yxk gSA lkewfgd foi.ku us ,d leqnk; ds rkSj ij iwjs xk¡o dks l'kDr cuk;k gS vkSj bl ckr dk csgrj mnkgj.k izLrqr fd;k gS fd Ñf"k ls fdl izdkj thou esa cnyko yk;k tk ldrk gS\ LFkkbZ mRiknu ,oa udnh Qlyksa dk lkewfgd foi.ku djrs gq, iwohZ usiky dk igkM+h ftyk bYye] usiky ds le`) ftyksa esa ls ,d gSA bls usiky esa lcls de iyk;u nj vkSj lcls de xjhch nj okyk ftyk gksus dk xkSjo izkIr gSA Jh jk; ds 'kCnksa esa] ^^cktkj 'kfDr ls izHkkfor mfpr rduhd fdlkuksa ds fy, ,d csgrj jkLrk gSA** ÇæòU0 ÚUæÁð‹¼ý ©UÂýðÌè ÚU èÁÙÜ °»ýè·¤ Ë¿ÚU Ü ÇU æØÚðU €ÅU þðÅU çßÚU æÅU Ù»ÚU , ×æðÚU æ¢», ÙðÂæÜ §ü-×ðÜ Ñ upretyr@yahoo.com Recycling resources in agroecological farms LEISA INDIA, Vol. 21, No.2, June 2019

QksVks % ,-,e-bZ- Qkm.Ms'ku efYpax ls e`nk esa ueh laj{k.k ,oa e`nk esa tSfod xfrfof/k;ka c<+kus esa lgk;rk feyrk gS

È¤âÜ SßæS‰Ø ·¤æð â×ÛæÙæ¤ ÅUè.°×. çÍØæ»ÚUæÁÙ, °â. ÚUæ»ðàßÚUè, °Ü. ÚUæ×Áè×ð °ß¢ âè. ÂæÚU‰æèÕðÙ iz{ks= dh fLFkfr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mi;qDr iks"k.kksa dk lgh le; ij lgh ek=k esa iz;ksx djuk ikS/kksa dks LoLFk j[kus esa ikS/kksa dh vkuqokaf'kd izfrjks/kd {kerk ls vf/kd mYys[kuh; Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA Qlyksa ds LokLF; dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dks ,d lexz rjhds ls le>us dh vko';drk gSA ekuo thou ds fy, LoLFk [kk| flQZ LoLFk Qly ls gh vk ldrk gSA vk/kqfud Ñf"k foKku esa] ikS/k iztuu] Ñf"k jlk;uksa tSls dhVuk'kd ,oa moZjd rFkk rduhdh mUufr ls [kk| lqj{kk esa rks enn feyh gS] ijUrq blls ekuo LokLF; ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh iz.kkyh ij O;kid nq"izHkko Hkh iM+k gSA cks;h x;h Qlykas dks cgqr lh tSfod ,oa vtSfod

leL;kvksa ds lkFk fofHkUu LokLF; leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA blesa ekSle] lw{e tyok;q] e`nk vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh rFkk ikS/k tSo jlk;u ls lEcfU/kr leL;k,a 'kkfey gSaA ikS/kksa dks fu.kkZ;d LokLF; lsok iznku djus ds fy, ikS/kksa dh tSo jlk;fud lajpuk rFkk i`Foh ds Åij vkSj i`Foh ds uhps ds i;kZoj.k ds Øe esa Qly LokLF; dks ,d lexz Lo:i esa le>us dh vko';drk gSA

e`nk LokLF; lcls izeq[k gS ,d csgrj e`nk LokLF; okrkoj.k og gS] tgka ty fudklh dh vPNh O;oLFkk gks] tM+ksa ds uhps dh feV~Vh HkqjHkqjh gks rkfd ikS/kksa dks fcuk fdlh :dkoV ds i;kZIr gok feyrh jgs vkSj Qly mxus dh iwjh vof/k ds nkSjku Qlyksa dh fofHkUu ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚ w®w® 11

voLFkkvksa esa vko';drkuqlkj iks"k.k dh vkiwfrZ gksrh jgsA blds lkFk gh jlk;uksa dh ek=k bruh gh gks fd mlls ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa ,oa iks"k.k dh miyC/krk ij dksbZ nq"izHkko u gks ,oa e`nk dh xq.koÙkk ,slh gks] ftlls iks"kd rRoksa dh miyC/krk esa lg;ksx gks lds] lw{e thok.kqvksa ds fodkl ds fy, mfpr okrkoj.k fey lds ,oa e`nk dk rkieku mfpr gksA feV~Vh dh tk¡p ds ikjEifjd rjhds dks viukdj ek= e`nk dks le>uk vc Qly dks LoLF; j[kus ds fy, mi;qDr ugha gSA ge vHkh Hkh e`nk dh tk¡p muds LokLF; dks tkuus ds fy, ugha djrs vkSj bl deh dks nwj djus ds fy, vf/kd 'kks/k dh vko';drk gSA bl oSf'od ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= esa jkbtksLQh;j esa lw{e thok.kqvksa dh tula[;k lcls cM+k tyk'k; gSA izdk'k la'ys"k.k dk yxHkx 20 izfr'kr tM+ksa ds fjlko ds :i esa e`nk ds vUnj pyk tkrk gSA ;g fjlko eq[; :i ls 'kqxj] vehuks ,flM] Q~ysoksUkWk;M~l] ,yhiSfFkd ,flM] izksVhu ,oa QSVh ,flM dk feJ.k gksrk gSA ;s ikS/kksa ds lkFk&lkFk jkbtksLQh;j ds fudV fLFkr lw{e thok.kqvksa ds fy, iks"k.k dk lzksr ds :i esa dk;Z djrs gSaA tc vko';drk deh ls i;kZIrrk dh vksj tkus yxrh gS] rc jksxtud xfrfof/k c<+ tkrh gSA blds vykok] e`nk dh [kkn vkSj tSfod dkjd tM+ fjlkoksa dh ek=k vkSj la;kstu dks fu/kkZfjr djus esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA e`nk esa mifLFkr thok.kq tM+ {ks= dh vksj vkdf"kZr gksrs gSa vkSj blls veksfu;e ukbVªkstu ukbVsªV esa cnyrk gSA QkLQksjl T;knkrj e`nk esa ?kqyu'khy gksrs gSa vkSj vDlj izkÑfrd ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= esa iks"kd rRoksa dks lhfer djrs gSaA bl ckr ds lcwr feyrs gSa fd en`k ds thok.kq ikuh dks v?ky q u'khy :ikas eas ?kky s dj ikS/kksa dks miyC/k QkLQksjl dks cukus esa lgk;rk dj ldrs gSa tcfd ekbdzksjkbty QQwan e`nk ls fLFkr iks"kd rRoksa dks tqVkus esa enn djrs gSaA ykHkdkjh lw{e thok.kq iks"k.k rRoksa esa o`f) dj ldrs gSa vkSj tM+ksa dh lajpuk dks izHkkfor djds iks"kd rRoksa dks vf/kd miyC/k djk ldrs gSaA xSj laØfer ikS/kksa dh rqyuk esa oh,,e laØfer ikS/kksa ds fodkl esa lk<+s vkB xquk dh o`f) gksrh gSA ekbØksjkbty o`f) ls gksus okys fodkl dk izkFkfed dkj.k iks"k.kksa fo'ks"kdj QklQksjl dk vf/kd xzg.k djuk gSA e`nk dh moZjd {kerk dks c<+kdj rFkk jksxtud dkjdksa dh vf/kdrk dks de 12

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚU w®w®

djds vkSj izfrjks/kd iz.kkyh dks csgrj cukrs gq, ikS/kksa ds LokLF; dks lQyrkiwoZd c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA o"kZ 2003 esa Mh cks;sV ,oa muds lg;ksfx;ksa }kjk jkbtksLQh;j esa ekbØksck;kse dh xfrfof/k;kas ij fd;s x;s ,d v/;;u esa Li"V :i ls fudyk fd blls ykSg rRo ds fy, izfrLi/kkZ c<+rh gS rFkk iks"k.k dh deh gksrh tkrh gS ftlls e`nk tfur chekfj;ksa ds dkj.k ewyh vkSj xqyukj esa Q~;wtsfj;e foYV uked laokgd jksx nc tkrk gSA jkbtksLQh;j esa ekStwn ikS/k fodkl dks izksRlkfgr djus okys Qaxh rFkk ikS/k fodkl dks izHkkfor djus okys jkbtkscSDVhfj;k dhVksa ,oa chekfj;ksa ls yM+us esa ikS/kksa dh izfrjks/kh {kerk dks mRiUu djus esa l{ke gkrss gAaS v/;;u ;g inzf'krZ djrs gaS fd ik/Sks dN q pqfuUnk lw{ethokas dks vkdf"kZr djrs gSa] ftlls tgk¡ dqN iztkfr;ksa dh l?kurk esa o`f) gksrh gS] ogha ;s lw{e thoksa dh fofo/k fofo/krk dks izfrcfU/kr Hkh djrs gSaA

lw{e tyok;q Qly LokLF; dks izHkkfor djrk gS lw{e tyok;q Qly ds uhps o Åij rFkk e`nk tM+ {ks= dh tyok;q gS tks izcU/ku xfrfof/k;ksa ls izHkkfor gks ldrh gSaA lcls csgrj Qly lw{e tyok;q og gksrk gS] tks Qly dks mxus ds fy, lokZf/kd vuqdwy okrkoj.k iznku djs vkSj Qly dh mRikndrk vf/kd ls vf/kd gksA efYpax ls ewy e`nk esa u;h lw{e tyok;q mRiUu gksrh gS] lkSj fofdj.k dk lapj.k de gksrk gS] e`nk rkieku vkSj ok"ihdj.k dks djrs gq, ty laj{k.k esa enn djrh gSA blls e`nk dh tSfod xfrfof/k;ka Hkh izHkkfor gksrh gSaA ,d [ksr dh lw{e tyok;q e`nk vkSj ok;q esa ekStwn ueh ,oa rkieku] vksl ,oa B.M dh mifLFkfr] vknZzrk] gok dh xfr vkfn ls izHkkfor gksrh gSA ;g ikS/k ds fodkl ,oa vadqj.k] e`nk 'olu] e`nk dh ck;ksfVd thou] iks"k.k pØ.k ,oa dhV ,oa O;kf/k;ksa dh ?kVuk dks Hkh izHkkfor dj ldrk gSA lw{e tyok;q izcU/ku dks lajf{kr [ksrh esa vPNh rjg ls tkuk tkrk gS] ysfdu dsoy Qly dh [ksrh esa ,d lhfer lhek rd gh gSA Qly LokLF; ds lEcU/k eas l{we tyok;q dk cgrq gh [kjkc v/;;u fd;k x;k gS vkSj Qly LokLF; dh rqyuk esa lw{e tyok;q izcU/ku ds Åij dksbZ ;Fkksfpr 'kks/k ugha fd;k x;k gSA

iks"kd rRo ikS/kksa dk j{kk ra= r; djrs gSa ,d ikS/k dk mi;qDr iks"k.k rRo ,d Qly ds izfrjks/kd {kerk dks csgrj cukus ds fy, mPp izHkko Mkyrh gSA tcfd vf/k'ks"k iks"k.k fe= ds lkFk&lkFk 'k=q lw{e thoksa ,oa dhVksa dks vkeaf=r djrs gSaA iks"kd rRo ,d ikS/ks esa j{kk dh igyh iafDr dk dk;Z djrs gSaA Qly esa iks"kd rRoksa dh lkanzrk dks cnydj dhVksa vkSj

QksVks % ,-,e-bZ- Qkm.Ms'ku lw{e thok'eksa dh thforrk ds vk/kkj ij e`nk esa tSfod dkcZuksa dh o`f)

jksxksa ds fy, ikS/kksa dh j{kk ra= ij lh/ks dk;Z fd;k tk ldrk gSA iks"kd rRo lh/ks estcku dh 'kkjhfjd vkSj tSo jlk;fud fLFkfr tSls& vkRelkr djuk] iks"k.k xzg.k djuk] dksf'kdk dh nhokj dk ,dhdj.k vkfn dks cny ldrs gSaA [kfut iks"kd rRo] dkcZfud la'kks/ku] dYys] cqokbZ dh rkjh[k] Qly pØhdj.k] efYpax] ih,p lek;kstu vkfn cgqr ls ,sls dkj.k gSa] tks ikS/ks dh chekjh dh xaHkhjrk dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA ;s dkjd ikS/kksa vkSj jksxtudksa ds fy, iks"k.k dh miyC/krk dks fu/kkZfjr djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] fjt+ksDVksfu;k ,lih }kjk :V jkWV] Q~;wtsfj;e ,lih }kjk foYV ,oa e`nk ih,p dks cnydj Dyc :V chekfj;ksa dks vklkuh ls izcfU/kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ikS/kksa dk j{kk ra= ikS/k gkeksZUl tSls& lsysfDyd ,flM] tSleksusV~l ,oa ,Fkhyhu }kjk fu;fU=r gksrk gSA ;s gkeksZUl dhVksa ,oa O;kf/k;ksa ds izfr ikS/kksa esa izfrjks/kd {kerk rS;kj djrs gSaA ikS/kksa ds fV';w esa laxfBr :i ls fuokl djus okyh chekfj;ksa fo'ks"kdj ck;ksVªkfQd ,oa gsfe&ck;ksVªkfQd chekfj;ksa ds izfr O;ofLFkr izfrjks/kd {kerk c<+kus esa lsysfDyd ,flM dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA blh izdkj tSleksusV~l ,oa ,fFkyhu mu dhVkas ,oa usØksVªksQ~l ds izfr izfrjks/kd {kerk fodflr djrs gSa] tks ikS/kksa dh iks"k.k ysus okyh dksf'kdkvksa dks rsth ls u"V djrs gSaA ifÙk;ksa esa ;kSfxd vkfxZukbu

dod dks c<+kus okys dSfY'k;e ds mi;ksx dks c<+kdj vkyw esa yxus okys QaQwn jksx ysV CykbV ds izfr izfrjks/kd {kerk rS;kj dh tk ldrh gSA

ikS/k iks"k.k ,oa dhV izdksi 'kkdkgkjh dhVksa ds izn'kZu dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa esa ukbVªkstu ,d lcls egRoiw.kZ dkjd gSA ukbVªkstu dks dqN fuf'pr dhVksa ds iztuu] nh?kkZ;q ,oa lexz fQVusl dks izHkkfor djus okyk dkjd ik;k x;k gSA Ñf=e ukbVªkstu;qDr moZjdksa ds mi;ksx ls ikS/kksa dh izfrjks/kd {kerk esa gzkl gksus ds dkj.k vf/kd xEHkhj dhVksa ds izdksi dh ?kVuk,a ,oa Qly dk uqdlku gksrk gSA ikS/kksa esa ukbVªkstu dh ek=k de gksus ij dhVksa ds izfr ikS/kksa dh izfrjks/kd {kerk c<+rh gS] tcfd ukbVªkstu dh mPp ek=k gksus ls ikS/kksa dk fodkl rks rhoz gksrk gS] ijUrq muesa chekfj;ksa ds izfr izfrjks/kd {kerk ?kV tkrh gSA gkykafd] ukbVªkstu dh mPp nj ds ifj.kkeLo:i izfr ifÙk;ksa esa tkfln] lQsn eD[kh ,oa fFkzIl dh tula[;k cgqr vf/kd gksrh gSA mPp ukbVªkstu ls :bZ okyh eD[kh ds iztuu esa o`f) gksrh gS vkSj lQsn eD[kh dh tula[;k nj Hkh mPp gksrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ukbVªkstu ds c<rs Lrj ds lkFk ljlkas eas ekgks dk lØ a e.k c<+ tkrk gAS QklQksjl dh mPp ek=k gksus ls o;Ld ekgks dh fodkl vof/k de gks x;h gSA gkfy;k fjiksVksZa ls ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚ w®w® 13

iznf'kZr gksrk gS fd QkLQksjl ds mi;ksx ls tula[;k dk ?kuRo vkSj Qyh pwld dhVksa ,oa bEikLdk Mksfyph ds uqdlku esa deh vk;h gSA iksVSf'k;e moZjd ds iz;ksx ls ekgks] yhQgwilZ ,oa ekbV~l ds izdksi dh ?kVuk,a gksrh gSA iksVSf'k;e iks"k.k ikS/kksa ds izfr dhVksa ,oa jksxtudksa ds vkd"kZ.k dks izHkkfor djus ds lkFk gh ckn esa mudh o`f) ,oa fodkl dks Hkh izHkkfor djrs gSaA

vtSfod ruko Qly LokLF; dks izHkkfor djrs gSa vtSfod ruko tSls& vEyrk] lw[kk] ck<+] /kkrq fo"kkDrrk] iks"k.k dh deh] mPp ,oa fuEu rkieku] Nk;k] vYVªk ok;ysV fdj.kksa dk lEidZ] QksVks&fu"ks/k] ok;q iznw"k.k] gok] rwQku vkfn Qly LokLF; dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA ikS/kksa ,oa muds izcU/ku ij vtSfod rukoksa ds izHkkoksa dks csgrj rjhds ls v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA

fu"d"kZ Qly LokLF; dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa ij le> fodflr djus okys fo"k;kas dks ,d lexz rjhds ls ugha le>k x;k gSA iks"k.k dk mfpr izcU/ku] ikS/k ,oa okrkoj.k vf/kdka'k dhV ,oa O;kf/k;ksa dks de dj ldrs gSaA ikS/kksa dh vkuqokaf'kd izfrjks/k ls vf/kd] miyC/k rjhdksa ds vk/kkj ij lgh ek=k esa lgh le; ij mfpr iks"k.k dk iz;ksx ikS/k LokLF; ds fy, vf/kd egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA dHkh& dHkh jkbtksLQh;j dh izfrfØ;k udkjkRed Hkh gksrh gSA dqN jlk;u ;kSfxd jksxtudksa dks vkdf"kZr djrs gSa] blfy, lgh ek=k esa iks"k.k dk iz;ksx vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA iks"k.kksa ds lkFk Qly esa ifjorZu Hkh lw{e tyok;q dks mUur djus esa lgk;d gks ldrk gS] lkFk gh lkFk ;g ykHkdkjh lw{e thok'eksa ds fy, [kk| lzksr ds rkSj Hkh gks ldrk gSA blds vfrfjDr] jkbtksLQh;j esa mudh thuksVkbi ds vuqlkj lw{e thok'eksa dks rS;kj djus eas Hkh ik/Sk l{ke gAaS jkbtkLsQh;j eas mPp ekbØkcsk;kes dh l?kurk dks cuk;s j[kuk ,d pqukSrh gSA ÅU è.°×. çÍØæ»ÚU æÁÙ, °â. ÚU æ»ðàßÚU è, °Ü. ÚU æ×Áè×ð °ß¢ âè. ÂæÚU ‰æèÕðÙ Èñ¤ ·¤ ËÅU è ¥æòÈ¤ °»ýè·¤ Ë¿ÚU Ü âæ§‹âðÁ °â.¥æÚU .°×. §‹SÅU è‘ØêÅU ¥æòÈ¤ âæ§‹â °ß¢ ÅðU €ÙæÜæòÁè °â.¥æÚU .°×. Ù»ÚU , ·¤ ^ïU Ù·é¤ ÜæÍéÚU - {®x w®x çÁÜæ ¿ð´»æÜÂÅ÷U ÅêU , Ìç×ÜÙæÇéU §ü×ðÜ Ñ dean.agri@srmist.edu.in Nurture plants- Save the planet

LEISA INDIA, Vol. 21, No.4, Dec 2019

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚU w®w®

Issues and Themes of LEISA INDIA Published in English 2002-2018 V.5, No. 1, 2003 - Farmers Field School V.5, No. 2, 2003 - Ways of water harvesting V.5, No. 3, 2003 - Access to resources V.5, No. 4, 2003 - Reversing Degradation V.6, No. 1, 2004 - Valuing crop diversity V.6, No. 2, 2004 - New generation of farmers V.6, No. 3, 2004 - Post harvest Management V.6, No. 4, 2004 - Farming with nature V.7, No. 1, 2005 - On Farm Energy V.7, No. 2, 2005 - More than Money V.7, No. 3, 2005 - Contribution of Small Animals V.7, No. 4, 2005 - Towards Policy Change V.8, No. 1, 2006 - Documentation for Change V.8, No. 2, 2006 - Changing Farming Practices V.8, No. 3, 2006 - Knowledge Building Processes V.8, No. 4, 2006 - Nurturing Ecological Processes V.9, No. 1, 2007 - Farmers Coming together V.9, No. 2, 2007 - Securing Seed Supply V.9, No. 3, 2007 - Healthy Produce, People and Environment V.9, No. 4, 2007 - Ecological Pest Management V.10, No. 1, 2008 -Towards Fairer Trade V.10. No. 2, 2008 - Living soils V.10, No. 3, 2008 - Farming and Social Inclusion V.10, No. 4, 2008 - Dealing with Climate Change V.11, No. 1, 2009 - Farming Diversity V.11, No. 2, 2009 - Farmers as Entrepreneurs V.11, No. 3, 2009 - Women and Food Sovereignty V.11, No. 4, 2009 - Scaling up and sustaining the gains V.12, No.1, 2010 - Livestock for sustainable livelihoods V.12, No.2, 2010 - Finance for farming V.12, No.3, 2010 - Managing water for sustainable farming V.13, No.1, 2011 - Youth in farming V.13, No.2, 2011 - Trees and farming V.13, No.3, 2011 - Regional Food System V.13, No.4, 2011 - Securing Land Rights V.14, No.1, 2012 - Insects as Allies V.14, No.2, 2012 - Greening the Economy V.14, No.3, 2012- Farmer Organisations V. 14, No.4, 2012- Combating Desertification V. 15, No.1, 2013- SRI: A scaling up success V. 15, No.2, 2013- Farmers and market V. 15, No.3, 2013- Education for change V. 15, No.4, 2013- Strengthening family farming V. 16, No. 1, 2014- Cultivating farm biodiversity V. 16, No. 2, 2014- Family farmers breaking out of poverty V. 16, No. 3, 2014- Family farmers and sustainable landscapes V. 16, No. 4, 2014- Family farming and nutrition V. 17, No. 1, 2015- Soils for life V. 17, No. 2, 2015- Rural-urban linkages V. 17, No. 3, 2015- Water-lifeline for livelihoods V. 17, No. 4, 2015- Women forging change V. 18, No. 1, 2016- Co-creation to knowledge V. 18, No. 2, 2016- Valuing underutilised crops V. 18, No. 3, 2016- Agroecology-Measurable and sustainable V. 18, No. 4, 2016- Stakeholders in agroecology V. 19, No. 1, 2017- Food Sovereignty V. 19, No. 2, 2017- Climate Change and Ecological appraches V. 19, No. 3, 2017- Ecological Livestock V. 19, No. 4, 2017- Millet Farming Systems V. 20, No. 1, 2018- Agroecological Value Chains V. 20, No. 2, 2018- Biological Crop Management V. 20, No. 3, 2018- Small Holders Farm Enterprises V. 20, No. 4, 2018- Agroecological Innovations Special Issue April 2018- Agroecology- A path towards SDGs V. 21, No. 1, 2019- Sustainable Aquaculture V. 21, No. 2, 2019- Recycling resources in agro ecological farms V. 21, No. 3, 2019- Agroecology- The future of farming V. 21, No. 4, 2019- Save the planet

·¤èÅU çÙØ¢˜æ‡æ ×ð´ Ùßæ¿æÚ ÑU

×çãUÜæ ç·¤âæÙ â×êãU ·¤è ©Ul×è ÂãUÜ ¥¿üÙæ ŸæèßæSÌß [ksrh esa uokpkj ,d vfHkuo iz;ksx gSA jlk;fud dhVuk'kdksa ,oa moZjdksa ds mi;ksx dks de djrs gq, ekuo ,oa i;kZoj.k LokLF; dk laj{k.k djus ds lkFk [ksrh esa ykxr Hkh de dh tk ldrh gSA lkFk gh vk; dk lzksr Hkh c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA bl ipxkaok fLFkr Lo;a lgk;rk lewg us fl) fd;k gSA efgyk fdlkuksa us viuk lQj Ñf"k etnwj ls izkjEHk djrs gq, vkt vius vkidks ^^lkekftd m|eh ,oa izsjd** ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k gSA xksj[kiqj tuin ds taxy dkSfM+;k iz[k.M dh Jherh 'kkfUr nsoh] Jherh Hkkuerh nsoh] Jherh NksgkM+h nsoh vkt vius {ks= esa fdlh ifjp; dh eksgrkt ugha gSaA o"kZ 2018 ls Hkkjr ljdkj ds foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx (lhM fMohtu) }kjk lapkfyr dksj liksVZ ifj;kstuk ds vUrxZr xksj[kiqj ,Uok;jUes.Vy ,D'ku xzqi ds lg;ksx ls bu efgyk fdlkukas us ^^t; eka y{eh Lo;a lgk;rk lewg **ds :i esa vius&vkidks ,d lkekftd m|eh ,oa vU; fdlkuksa ds fy, izsjd ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k gSA

'kq:vkr esa vU; Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dh rjg bUgksaus Hkh cpr ,oa _.k dk ysu&nsu djrs gq, vius&vki dks etcwr fd;kA o"kZ 2020 esa vFkZ Ms usVodZ }kjk tSfod [ksrh esa mRÑ"V ;ksxnku ds fy, ^^LVkj efgyk fdlku** ds :i esa lEekfur NksgkM+h nsoh crkrh gSa fd ^^ge lewg dh efgyk,a lewg dh fu;fer cSBd dj muesa lewg ds ysu&nsu] _.k&cpr ij ppkZ ds lkFk gh ifj;kstuk dh vU; xfrfof/k;ksa ds Åij ppkZ djrh gSaA vkxs os crkrh gSa 'blh Øe esa jlk;fud [kkn ,oa dhVuk'kdksa ds nq"izHkkoksa ds ckjs esa le> fodflr dh ,oa lewg dh vU; efgyk lnL;ksa dks Hkh crk;k fd fdl izdkj ;s jlk;fud [kkn ,oa dhVuk'kd gekjs [ksr ls gksrs gq, gekjs 'kjhj esa tkdj gesa Hkh chekj dj jgs gSa vkSj e`nk LokLF; dks Hkh gkfu igqapk jgs gSa**A bu efgyk fdlkuksa us laLFkk }kjk crk;s x;s fofHkUu izdkj ds [kkn fuekZ.k tSls& ukMsi] oehZok'k] oehZ dEiksLV] lh0ih0ih0 vkfn cukus dh fof/k dks Bhd <ax ls le>kA pwafd ;g lEiw.kZ {ks= lCth dh [ksrh ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA vr% bu efgykvksa us tSo dhV fod"kZd rS;kj djrh lewg dh efgyk,a

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚ w®w® 15

lfCt+;ksa o Qlyksa dks dhVksa ls cpkus ds fy, tSo dhV fod"kZd rS;kj djus dh fof/k ij le> fodflr fd;k vkSj bUgksaus LFkkuh; Lrj ij miyC/k lkefxz;ksa dk iz;ksx dj tSo dhV fod"kZd rS;kj fd;kA ;g dhV fod"kZd lHkh rjg dh dhVkas ¼fe= ,oa 'k=q½ dks ekjus ds ctk; dhVksa dks Hkxkus dk dke djrk g]S ftlls ik/Sk@Qy ljqf{kr gks tkrs gAaS t; eka y{eh lewg dh efgyk,a ifj;kstuk lnL;ksa ds rduhdh lg;ksx ls vyx&vyx eVdk dhV fod"kZd rS;kj dj mls vius [ksrksa esa iz;ksx dj jgh gSaA iz;ksx ls gksus okys Qk;nksa dks ns[krs gq, vU; yksx Hkh bldh ekax djus yxs gSaA lewg dh v/;{k Jherh 'kkfUr nsoh dgrh gSa ^^tc geus dhVksa dks Hkxkus okyh nok cukbZ vkSj vius /kku ds [ksr esa Mkyk rks ml ij yxus okys xU/kh dhV ls mldk cpko gqvkA** vkxs dgrh gSa ^^bl dhV fod"kZd ds vPNs izHkkoksa dks ns[krs gq, vkl&ikl ds [ksr okys yksx Hkh bl nok dks ekaxus yxs fd gekjs [ksr esa Hkh nokbZ Mkyuh gSA** vkt t; eka y{eh Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dh lnL;ksa Jherh 'kkfUr nsoh] Jherh Hkkuerh nsoh] Jherh NksgkM+h nsoh ,oa Jherh ehuk nsoh vius iz;ksxksa ls mRlkfgr gSaA vkil esa ckr&phr dj mUgkasus crk;k& ^^geus fu.kZ; fy;k fd bl *^ekax** dks ,d ^^volj** esa cnysaxsA mUgksaus mRlkfgr gksdj crk;k fd ^^oSls rks ge vHkh rd vyx&vyx dhV fod"kZd rS;kj dj jgh Fkha] ijUrq vc geus ,d lkFk cM+s iSekus ij eVdk tSo dhV fod"kZd dk mRiknu lkewfgd :i ls djus dk fu'p; fd;k gSA lewg dh nwljh lnL; Hkkuerh dgrh gSa ^^tc geus ;g r; dj fy;k fd ,d lkFk feydj dhVksa dks Hkxkus okyh nokbZ cuk;saxs rc geus ;g Hkh r; fd;k fd dkSu D;k dke djsxk\ geus vkSj ehuk us xkS ew= ,d= djus dk dke vius ftEes fy;k gSA] tcfd 'kkfUr vkSj NksgkM+h us Hkkax] /krwj] enkj o dusj dh ifÙk;ksa dks ,d= djus dk dk;Z dj jgh gSaA** vkxs ;s efgyk,a dgrh gSa fd xkS ew= ds fy, gesa 4&5 :0 izfr yhVj ds fglkc ls [kpZ djuk iM+k D;ksafd ge lHkh efgykvksa ds ikl xk; ugha FkhA rc geus r; fd iSlk feykdj xkS ew= o yglqu [kjhn ysrh gSa] tc nokbZ rS;kj gks tk;sxh vkSj fcdus yxsxh rc lcls igys ykxr fudkydj Qk;nk ge vkil esa ckaV ysaxhA** cM+h ek=k esa tSo dhV fod"kZd mRiknu gksus ds ckn blds fy, cM+s cktkj dh Hkh vko';drk FkhA NksgkM+h dgrh gSa ^^tc dhM+ksa dks Hkxkus okyh nokbZ 16

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚU w®w®

rS;kj gks x;h rc ge yksxksa us bls vkl&ikl ekaxus okyksa dks 10 :0 esa ,d fxykl fn;k] ijUrq ;g dksbZ lgh ckr ugha FkhA dHkh fdlh dks vf/kd yxrk Fkk rks fdlh dks deA cgqr ckj ge yksx ugha jgrs Fks vkSj dksbZ ysus vk x;k rks feyrk Hkh ugha FkkA** rc geus laLFkk ds yksxksa ls dgk ^^vxj ;s nokbZ cksry esa iSfdax gks tk;s vkSj ml ij blds ckjs esa fy[k fn;k tk;s rks bls lHkh dks cspus esa vklkuh jgsxhA nke Hkh r; gks tkus ls dksbZ de cslh esa ugha ekax ldrkA** bl mRiknu dks cktkj rd igq¡pkus esa Mh0,l0Vh0 dksj liksVZ ifj;kstuk us enn dhA ifj;kstuk dk;ZdÙkkZvksa us rS;kj mRikn dh iSdsftax djus esa bu efgykvksa dh enn dhA 200 o 400 feyh0 ds cksry esa bls iSd fd;k x;k] ftl ij bl mRikn ls lEcfU/kr lHkh tkudkfj;ka] iz;ksx dh fof/k] iz;ksx esa lko/kkfu;ka rFkk ewY; lHkh vafdr gSaA ewY; dk fu/kkZj.k Hkh bUgksaus gh fd;kA budk dguk Fkk fd ^^nke bl izdkj j[kk x;k fd gekjh ykxr o gekjh etnwjh fudy tk;s lkFk gh dqN iSlk lewg ds ikl cp tk;s rks mlls nqckjk Hkh iSfdax dj ldsaA** bl izdkj ls iSdsftax fd;s x;s eky dks ifj;kstuk ds vUrxZr DyLVj Lrj ij LFkkfir lHkh 6 Ñf"k lsok dsUnzksa ij miyC/k djk;k x;k rkfd ogka ls vU; xk¡oksa ds fdlku Hkh bls [kjhn dj budk mi;ksx dj ldsaA vkt t; eka y{eh Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds ikl 100 yhVj tSfod dhV fod"kZd cudj rS;kj gS ,oa lewg us gky gh esa ,d LFkkuh; QkeZj izksM~;wlj dEiuh ^^lqjfHk** ds ek/;e ls bls cspus ds fy, le>kSrk fd;k gSA bl izdkj bu efgykvksa us Mh0,l0Vh0 ifj;kstuk ls izkIr rduhdh tkudkjh ls dhV fod"kZd rS;kj dj u flQZ vius Qlyksa o lfCt+;ksa dh lqj{kk dj jgh gSa] oju~ lkekftd m|eh ds :i esa vius&vkidks fodflr dj vU; efgyk ,oa iq:"k fdlkuksa ds fy, izsjd ds :i esa Hkh vius&vkidks LFkkfir fd;k gSA

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â¢âæÏÙ ÎÿæÌæ ãUðUÌé ÂéÙ¿ü·ý¤‡æ Ñ

çßSÌæÚU ·¤æ °·¤ ÃØßãUæçÚU·¤ ÌÚUè·¤æ ¥çÙÍæ·é¤×æÚUè Âè. °ß¢ §‹ÎéÁæ °â. tSfod Ñf"k vo'ks"kksa dk O;ofLFkr iqupZØ.k djrs gq, ewY; lao/kZu djds [ksr dks vf/kd mRiknd vkSj vkRefuHkZj cuk;k tk ldrk gSA dbZ ek;uksa esa ns[kk tk; rks] iqupZØhÑr lalk/ku Hkh fdlkuksa dks ikfjfLFkfrd lsok çnku djus esa l{ke cukrs gSaA [kkldj NksVs vkSj lhekar fdlkuksa ds fy, tyok;q vuwdwyu lqfuf'pr djus esa lalk/kuksa ds iqupZØhdj.k dk vf/kd egRo gksrk gSA

ijaijkxr :i ls fdlku lalk/kuksa dk iqupZØhdj.k ,oa iqumZi;ksx djrs jgs gSaA NksVs ,oa lhekUr fdlku ifjokjksa dh efgyk fdlku fo'ks"k :i ls

Ñf"k lalk/kuksa dk iqupZØ.k djus eas vPNh vkSj uokpkj djus es csgrj gSaA os vius [ksrksa ds vo'ks"kksa dks bZa/ku ds :i esa mi;ksx djrh gSaA efgyk,a bldk mi;ksx dbZ izdkj ls dj jgh gSa] tSls& xkscj ls bZa/ku cukuk vFkok x`gokfVdk ds fy, xkscj ls [kkn rS;kj djukA jlksbZ esa cps gq, [kkus ,oa dpjs dks dqÙkksa vkSj eosf'k;ksa ds fy, iz;ksx djrh gSa lkFk gh jlksbZ ?kjksa ds vU; dpjs dks dEiksLV x<~<ksa esa Mkydj mldks ukfj;y ,oa rkM+ ds ikS/kksa dks yxkus okys x<~<s esa iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA tc ifjokj ds [kkus vkSj vU; t:jrksa ds fy, T;knkrj efgyk,a vius Lo;a ds [ksr ij fuHkZj jgrh gS] ,sls esa ;g ,d 'kwU; vif'k"V vkSj iwjh rjg iquuZohuhdj.k ç.kkyh gSA bl izdkj ;s ,d ck;ksxSl mRiknu ,oa xk; ds xkscj dh iqupØhdj.k

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thou ds :i esa vius [ksrksa dks vxyh ih<+h dks lkSai nsrh gSaA NksVs [ksrksa ls ifjokjksa dh t:jrksa ,oa vk; dks iwjk djus ds fy,] [ksr ij fofHkUu ?kVdksa dks ,dhÑr djds] lalk/kuksa dks vf/kdre vkSj mfpr :i ls mi;ksx djus ds fy, ;kstuk rS;kj dh x;h gS] ftlls iquuZohuhdj.k djds [ksrksa dks fofHkUu rjg ls ykHkdkjh ,oa i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy [ksrksa esa cny fn;k x;k gSA Ñf"k lalk/kuksa ds iqupZØ.k ls fuos'k ykxr de gksrh gS] ckgjh lalk/kuksa ds fy, cktkj ij fuHkZjrk de gksrh gS vkSj mRiknu dh xq.koÙkk esa lq/kkj gksrk gS] ftlls varr% tyok;q ifjorZu dh fLFkfr esa Hkh [ksr dh fLFkjrk cuh jgrh gSA

igy NksVs vkSj lhekar Hkwfe tksr ds fdlku viuh vkthfodk ds lzksrksa ds fy, [ksrh ij fuHkZj djrs gSaA lkFk esa fdlku i'kqikyu@eqxhZikyu vkfn ?kVdksa dks Hkh viukrs gSaA vkbZlh,vkj&lhihlhvkjvkbZ us dsjy jkT; ds vykIiq>k ftys ds ifFk;ksj iapk;r esa 1000 ifjokjksa ds lkFk vkbZlh,vkj ds ,d dk;ZØe FIRST ([ksr] uokpkj] ll a k/ku] foKku ,oa rduhd) dk fØ;kUo;u o"kZ 2016 ls fd;kA bl dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey fdlkuksa dh vkSlr Hkwfe tksr 0-32 gsDVs;j gS vkjS mudh fuo'sk djus rFkk iczU/ku dh {kerk ds vk/kkj ij ,d ls ysdj 30 rd i'kq/ku bdkb;k¡ gSaA dk;ZØe ds izkjEHk esa iapk;r esa miyC/k lkekftd laifÙk;ksa] fdlkuksa }kjk fd;k tkus okyk le; mi;ksx] [ksrh ,oa vkthfodk esa vkus okyh leL;kvksa vkSj dkj.kksa] [ksrh ds le;] vkfn ds lgHkkxh fo'ys"k.k ds fy, lgHkkxh xzkeh.k ewY;kadu (ih0vkj0,0) dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA fo'ys"k.k ls fudydj vk;k fd i'kqvksa ds dpjksa dk fuiVku djuk fdlkuksa dh çeq[k leL;k vkSj fpark FkhA Jh xksikyÑ".k fiYybZ] dksêhuêq caxykoq us dgk fd Þ30 xk;ksa ds ew= vkSj 'ksM /kksus okys rjy xkscj ds dkj.k ?kj ds vkl&ikl xUnxh gksus ls ifjokj ds lkFk&lkFk tkuojksa ds fy, LokLF;o/kZd fLFkfr cuk, j[kus esa ck/kk vkrh gSA blds vykok pw¡fd pkoy ds ikuh dk iqu% mi;ksx djrs gq, dsys ds Qyksa ds fodkl vkS j lfCt;ks a es a dhV çca / ku ds fy, bldk fNMd + ko fd;k tkrk gAS 18

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙ w®w®

esjs ?kj ls 200 yhVj ls vf/kd nw/k lh/ks cspk tk jgk gSA blfy, tkuojksa ds dpjs ls fudyus okyh vfu;af=r xa/k ds dkj.k nw/k mRiknu dh xq.koÙkk ij Hkh vlj iM+rk Fkk vkSj miHkksäkvksa dh f'kdk;r Hkh jgrh FkhA blds vykok] iM+kslh Hkh f'kdk;r dj jgs Fks] D;kasfd LFkkuh; ljdkj us bu bdkb;ksa ds çnw"k.k fu;a=.k ds fy, çek.ku ykxw fd;k FkkA bu leL;vksa ds funku ds fy, vkbZlh,vkj (Hkkjrh; Ñf"k ifj"kn) ds fdlku QLVZ dk;ZØe ¼FFP½ ds vUrxZr vkbZlh,vkj&lhihlhvkjvkbZ us ,d O;ogkfjd e‚My rS;kj fd;kA blds vUrxZr i'kq vo'ks"kksa ds iqupZØ.k ds rjhds dks crk;k x;k] tks fuEu gS& 1- xk; ds xkscj dh çÑfr ¼v/kZlw[kk ,oa xhyk inkFkZ½ vkSj ek=k dk fo'ys"k.k djuk] ftlesa xkS&ew= ,oa i'kq'kkyk /kqykbZ dk izcU/ku Hkh 'kkfey gSA 2- xk; ds xkscj ds ?kksy ,oa xkS&ew= ds lkFk ukfj;y ds tSfod vif'k"Vksa ,oa [ksr vif'k"Vksa dk mi;ksx dj oehZdEiksLV bdkbZ rS;kj djus gsrq fdlkuksa ds lkFk feydj lgHkkxh i)fr ls izn'kZu dh ;kstuk cukdj fØ;kfUor djukA 3- cktkj esa fcØh gsrq tSfod mRikn ds :i esa xkscj dks Nk;s esa lq[kkukA 4- pkjk ?kkl vkSj lCt+h dh [ksrh ds fy, xkS&ew= vkSj 'ksM dh /kqykbZ fd;s x;s ty dk iqupZØ.kA 5- jlksbZ xSl mRiknu ds fy, ck;ksxSl bdkb;kA

iqupZØ.k dk rjhdk Jh xksikyÑ".k fiYybZ ds ikl ,d ,dM+ QkeZ gSA buds QkeZ esa 30 xk; vkSj cNM+s gSa vkSj 200 cSx esa tSfod lfCt+;ka mxkkus ds lkFk gh O;ofLFkr :i bdkbZ;ksa esa pkjk ?kkl mxkrs gSaA QkeZ ij tSfod [kkn@ew= ls nks oehZ dEiksfLVax bdkb;k rS;kj fd;s gSaA blls lkykuk 5&6 Vu oehZ dEiksLV iSnk gks tkrh gSA blds vyok buds ikl eNyh ikyu ds fy, ,d rkykc gS] ck;ksxSl ;wfuV gS] gkbMªksiksfuDl pkjs dh bdkbZ gS vkSj lkFk gh ukfj;y ds isM+ ds lkFk vUr% [ksrh ds :i esa dan] elkys vkfn dh [ksrh Hkh djrs gSaA ukfj;y vk/kkfjr Ñf"k ç.kkyh ls ,d iw.kZr;k fodflr ukfj;y ds isM+ ,oa mlds lkFk Qlyksa@[ksr ?kVdksa ds vk/kkj ij vUr%@fefJr [ksrh ds :i esa Qlyksa ls 80&100 fdxzk0 tSfod

vo'ks"k feyrk gSA bUgksaus ukfj;y ,oa mlds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ds tSfod vo'ks"kksa ls oehZ dEiksLV rS;kj djus dh vkbZlh,vkj& lhihlhvkjvkbZ çkS|ksfxdh dks viuk;kA mudh iRuh Jherh m"kk oehZ dEiksLV bdkb;ksa esa xk; ds xkscj dk ?kksy cukdj fNMdko djrh gSa vkSj [ksr ds vo'ks"kksa tSls& xk; ds pkjk ds dpjs@?kj ds isM+ksa ds lw[ks iÙkksa vkfn dk laxzg djrh gSa vkSj lCth dh [ksrh ds fy, xkscj ew= feJ.k rS;kj djus esa lgk;rk djrh gSaA os dgrh gSa] ÞoehZ dEiksfLVax ;wfuV us gesa tSfod dpjs ds <sj dks 60&70 çfr'kr rd de djus esa enn dhA vkl&ikl esa LoPNrk cuk, j[kus ds vykok] ?kj Lrj ij iqupZØ.k vko';d gS tgka [ksr ifjokj vkSj [ksrh ds ?kVd lg&vfLrRo esa gSaAß jlksbZ ls fudyus okyk dpjk vkSj eNyh ds dpjs dh jk[k dks Hkh lh/ks ukfj;y ds rkM+ ds tM+ eas 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA lkIrkfgd :i ls vkSlru 10&12 fdxzkjk[k çkIr gkrsh gAS çR;d s lIrkg ds vra eas ukfj;y ds vadqj ij jk[k dk fNM+dko fd;k tkrk gS] tks çkjafHkd voLFkk esa çca/ku ds fy, dhV vkSj chekjh ds fy, jksxfujks/kh mik; ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA blds vykok] Qyksa ds fodkl vkSj dhV çca/ku ds fy, lfCt;ksa vkSj dsys dh Qlyksa esa fNM+dko ds fy, pkoy ds ikuh dk iqu% mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA efgyk,a bl dk;Z esa çeq[k iquuZohuhdj.kdrkZ gSaA dsys ,oa dVgy ds isM+ dh rkth ,oa idh gqbZ ifÙk;ksa dks cdfj;ksa] xk;ksa vkSj eqfxZ;ksa dks jkstkuk f[kykus ds dke eas ykrh gSaA cSd;kMZ iksYVªh [kk| vif'k"V] eNyh vif'k"V vkSj x`gokfVdk esa /kku ds dpjs dk iquuZohuhdj.k djrs gq, bdkbZ ds :i esa dk;Z djrh gaS vkSj [ksr ls vius ?kj ds fy, lfCt;ka ;k vaMs çkIr djrh gSA Jh xksikyÑ".k fiYybZ bl ckr dks crkrs gSa fd ^^vf/kd ek=k esa rktk xk; ds xkscj dh <qykbZ vkSj mi;ksx dh de ekax

dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA bles gSaMfyax ,oa <qykbZ esa vf/kd Je ,oa [kpZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA [kkldj ekulwu ,oa cjlkr ds le; xkscj dk fuiVku dh leL;k vf/kd gksrh gSA oehZ dEiksfLVax ds ek/;e ls] eSa xkscj dk ewY;o/kZu djrs gq, bldk iqupZØ.k djds] Ñf"k esa mi;ksx ds lkFk&lkFk bldks cspus ds fy, oehZdEiksLV dk mRiknu dj jgk gw¡A** lhekar Hkwfe /kkjdksa vkSj 'kgjksa ,oa dLcksa ds NksVs fdlkuksa ds chp] 12 #i;s çfr fdyksxzke oehZdEiksLV dh ekax gSA bl izdkj Jh xksikyÑ".k fiYybZ izfro"kZ 5&6 Vu oehZdEiksLV cspdj lkykuk vkSlru 5000&6000 :0 dh dekbZ djrs gSaA xksikyÑ".k fiYybZ izfr fnu vius ?kj ls lh/ks 200&300 yhVj nw/k dh vkiwfrZ djrs gSaA blds vykok] QkeZ ij xksew=] xkscj vkSj ck;ksxSl ?kksy dk iqupZØ.k dj mldk mi;ksx djrs gq, vius ?kj ds vkl&ikl ds [ksr ls Lokfn"V] ikSf"Vd ,oa rktk lfCt+;ka izkIr djrs gSaA ,d cSad dehZ ls fdlku cus Jh xksikyÑ".k fiYybZ ds [ksr ij gj fnu 100 ls vf/kd vkxarqd budh ,dhÑr Ñf"k ç.kkyh dk e‚My] [ksr ds dpjs dk iqupZØ.k dj ewY;oku [kkn dk mRiknu] gjk pkjk] rkykc dh eNfy;ksa] lfCt+;ksa vkSj Qyksa ds :i esa fd;s tkus okys dk;Z dks ns[kus vkrs gSaA efgyk,a Hkh [kq'k gSa fd os rkth lfCt+;ksa dks izkIr dj ldrh gSa

fp= 1 % ukfj;y vk/kkfjr x`gokfVdk ekWMy esa lalk/ku iqupZØhdj.k dk Ñf"k ifjokj ekWMy ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, çâÌ ÕÚU w®w® 19

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dUn dh Qly cqokbZ gsrq Qly vif'k"Vksa dk iqupZØ.k djrh efgyk,a

vkSj u;s rjhds ls [ksrh djus ls [khjk oxhZ; lfCt;ksa ds HkaMkj.k dh vof/k c<+ tkrh gSA Jh xksikyÑ".k fiYybZ dks tSfod [ksrh djus ds fy, iapk;r eas loZJs"B fdlku lEeku ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA vkt mudk QkeZ i;kZIr lalk/ku iquZpØhdj.k ,oa Lo fu/kkZfjr [ksrh dk ,d csgrj mnkgj.k gSA

,d lkekftd ekWMy ds rkSj ij foLrkj iapk;r esa 15 ifjokjksa }kjk lalk/ku iquZpØhdj.k ekWMy dks viuk;k x;k gSA Ñf"k vif'k"Vksa dk iquZpØhdj.k ds lkFk ewY; lao/kZu bdkbZ;ksa dh LFkkiuk gksxh vkSj fdlku ,dhÑr Ñf"k iz.kkyh dks viuk;saxsA ifFk;ksj xzke iapk;r ds v/;{k Jh oh izHkkdju dks ;g iw.kZ fo'okl gS fd lkr efgykvksa lfgr 15 ;qok fdlku lalk/kuksa dk iquZpØhdj.k djus esa lQy gksaxs vkSj os vius bl igy ls dqN vkenuh Hkh izkIr djus esa l{ke gksaxsA og dgrs gSa] ^^iapk;r esa Ñf"k vif'k"Vksa dk fodsfUnzr rjhds ls dq'ky vkSj oSKkfud iquZpØhdj.k djus ls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa lqjf{kr] Lokfn"V vkSj iks"k.k;qDr [kk| ds mRiknu ds fy, izsj.kk Lrj esa o`f) gks ldsxhA blesa efgyk fdlku LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa ds iqupZØhdj.k ds fy, ,d cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkk ldsaxhA

ge vc mUgsa lykg nsrs gSa fd os eujsxk xfrfof/k;ksa ds rgr~ ?kklksa ,oa vU; Ñf"k vif'k"Vksa dk iquZpØhdj.k djsa vkSj mUgsa tykus ds ctk; lh/ks e`nk esa okil feyk nsaA** tSfod Ñf"k vif'k"Vksa dk O;ofLFkr iquZpØhdj.k ,oa ewY; lao/kZu e`nk dks vko';d iks"k.k iznku djrs gq, [ksr dks vkSj vf/kd moZj ,oa vkRefuHkZj cuk ldsxkA fofHkUu rjhdksa ls ;ksxnku djrs gq,] lalk/ku iquZpØhdj.k dj fdlku gjhfrek dks c<+kdj ikfjfLFkfrdh dks Hkh lqn`<+ djus esa l{ke gksxkA lexz :i ls ;g dguk vf/kd mfpr gksxk fd] fo'ks"kdj NksVs e>ksys fdlkuksa ds fy, tyok;q vuqdwyu lqfuf'pr djus gsrq lalk/kuksa ds iqupZdzhdj.k ij fo'ks"k /;ku nsdj vf/kd egRo nsus dh vko';drk gSA ¥çÙÍæ·é¤ ×æÚU è Âè. ÂýÏæÙ ßñ™ææçÙ·¤ (·ë¤ çá ÂýâæÚU ) §ü-×ðÜ Ñ anithacpcri@gmail.com §‹ÎéÁæ °â. ßñ™ææçÙ·¤ (·¤ èÅU æ‡æé çß™ææÙ) ¥æ§üâè°¥æÚU âð‡ÅU þÜ ŒÜæ‡ÅðU àæÙ ·ý¤ æŒâ çÚU â¿ü §‹SÅU ï÷ÅU è‘ØêÅU ÂæðSÅU - ·ë¤ c‡ææÂéÚU ×, ·¤ æØ×·é¤ Ü×, ·ð¤ ÚU Ü

Recycling resources in agro ecological forms LEISA INDIA, Vol. 21, No.2, June 2019

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