Tamil - March 2018 by LEISA India

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yP r h ,e; j pah jkpo; rpwg;gpjo; This issue in Tamil is a translated version of LEISA India magazine. This includes selected articles from LEISA India, originally published in English. Address : ame Foundation No. 204, 100 Feet Ring Road, 3rd Phase, Banashankari 2nd Block, 3rd Stage, Bangalore - 560 085, India Tel:

+91-080- 2669 9512, +91-080- 2669 9522

Fax:

+91-080- 2669 9410

E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in

Leisa India Chief Editor : K.V.S. Prasad Managing Editor : T.M. Radha

yPrh vd;gJ Fiwe;j ntspapL nghUs; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. Rw;Wr;RoYf;F cfe;j topfspy; cw;gj;jpiaAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; ngUf;f tpUk;Gk; coth;fSf;F njhopw;El;g kw;Wk; r%f hPjpapyhd tha;g;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;Ffis msTld; gad;gLj;jp Njitg;gLk; NghJ ghJfhg;ghd msT ntspaPL nghUl;fis jpwd;gl ifahs;tjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; coth;fis> me;j r%fj;ij Ragyk; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rf;jp kpf;fth;fshfTk; khw;wp mjd;%yk; mth;fspd; vjph;fhyj;ij jq;fs; nrhe;j mwpT> jpwik>kjpg;gL P > fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis mikf;f cjTtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ khwptUk; #oy;fs; kw;Wk; NjitfSf;F Vw;g coth;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju gq;Fjhuh;fspd; jpwikfs;> gq;Nfw;G mZFKiwfs; %yk; gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk;> mwptpay; g+h;tkhd mwpitAk; ,izj;J mjd;%yk; nfhs;if cUthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp vjph;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;FtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ xU fUj;J> xU mZFKiw kw;Wk; tpNtfkhd nra;jp.

Translated by N. Lalitha Sakthivel Translation coordination Poornima Administration Rukmini G. G. Design and Layout M.S. Vasanth Christopher Printing L.S. Graphic Prints, Chennai Cover photo Fodder (CNCo4) promotion in Gundakettukuli village Different editions • Regional Editions Telugu, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi and Oriya • Farming Matters The Global edition in English • LEISA Revista de Agroecologia The Latin American edition in Spanish • LEISA India The Indian edition in English • AGRIDAPE The West African edition in French • Agriculturas, Experiencias em Agroecologia The Brazilian edition in Portuguese

The editors have taken every care to ensure that the contents of this magazine are as accurate as possible. The authors have ultimate responsibility, however, for the content of individual articles. The editors encourage readers to photocopy and circulate magazine articles.

Supported by MISEREOR, Published by AME Foundation yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

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mbg;gil cz;ik Gjpa fhy;eil gl;ljhhpfs; vd;gjhy;> ehq; f s; me; j ; u h vd; w Mjhu mikg; g pd; %yk; fhy; e il> caph; - gy; t ifik kw; W k; kf; f spd; tho; t hjhuq; f Sf; F ,ilapy; cs;s ,ilntspia epug;Gtjw;F> cg njhopyhsh;fSf;fhd gapw;rpj; jpl;lk; Jtf; f g; g l; l J. goq; F bapd kf; f s; kw; W k; Nka;r;ry; ghJfhtyh;fs;> epykw;w r%fq;fs; kw;Wk; miz mUNf trpg;gth;fs; kj;jpapy; ehq; f s; nfhz; L nry; y Ntz; L k; . kpf Kf;fpakhf> ,e;j r%fq;fspd; ngz;fSf;F> ehq;fs; Gjpjhf ngw;w mwpT kw;Wk; jpwd;fis nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;. FO cWg; g pdh; f s; > gs; s pf; $ lq; f s; kw; W k; fy; Y }hp kw; W k; gy; f iyf; f ofq; f spy; cs; s Ma;T$lq;fspy; fw;w mwpT> fsj;jpy; rpwpJ njhlh;Gk;> cgNahfKk; ,Ug;gij tpiutpy; czh;e;jdh;. gzp Muk;gpj;j rpy ehl;fspNyNa gl; l jhhpahf ,Uf; F k; Gjpa cWg; g pdh; f s; ; > ek;gpf;ifia ,og;gJ nghJthd tp\ ak;jhd;. ,Nj czh;it fpuhk ,e;jpahtpy; fhy;eil tsh;f;Fk; r%fq;fSld; gzpGhpa Muk;gpf;Fk;NghJ ehk; vj;jid Ngh; czh;eN ; jhk;. etPd mwpT mikg;gpypUe;J te;j ehk; Jtf;fj;jpy; ghuk;ghpa mwpit> kjpg;gpy;yhj rFdq;fs; kw;Wk; ek; g pf; i ffis NghyNt fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. ehk; ftdj;NjhL ghh;j;J> ,e;j mikg;Gfspd; njhopy;El;gq;fis nra;J ghh;j;jhy; kl;LNk> Vd; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wdh;> vd;d njhlh;G ,jpy; cs;sJ vd;W njhpe;Jnfhs;syhk;. Jtf;fj;jpy;> khtl;lj;jpw;F %d;W vd;w hPjpapy; MW khtl;lq;fSf;F 18 fpuhk; ,isQh;fs;> fhy;eil MNuhf;fpa gzpahsh;fshf gzpakh;j;jp> mth;fSf;F gy;NtW ghlq;fspy; njhopw;El;gj;ij Mtzk; nra;tJ Fwpj;J gapw; r paspf; f g; g l; l d. xt; n thU khjKk; > me;ju; h mikg;gpd; %yk; Mtzk; nra;tjw;fhd njhopy; E l; g q; f s; kw; W k; Nfl; f Ntz; b a njhopy;El;gk; Fwpj;Jk; gapw;rpaspf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mtzk; nra; t J mth; f Sf; F vg; n ghOJ Rygkhf ,Ue; j jpy; i y> vdpDk; kw; w FO cWg;gpdh;fspd; njhlh; tUif kw;Wk; njhlh;eJ ; kUj;Jth;fspd; $l;lk; elj;JtJ> NkYk; FO fye; J iuahly; f s; Mfpait ,th; f Sf; F cjtpaJ. vq;fs; FO ftdkhf ghh;j;J fw;W> tphpthf Mtzk; nra; j J. NkYk; etP d mwpT mikg;gpd; kPJ mth;fs; itj;jpUe;j

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

cs;@h; mwpit Nrkpf;Fk; ,lkhf ghuk;ghpa itj;jpah;fs; fUjg;gLfpd;wdh;.

rhjfkhd Vw;wj;jho;it mth;fs; fw;ftpy;iy> NkYk; kw;w mikg;Gfs; mth;fs; mjpfstpy; Vw;Wnfhz;ldh;.

ghuk;ghpa mwpit Mtzk; nra;jy;

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,e;j mwpT njhopy;El;gq;fshf eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jhYk;> vOj;J tbtpy; ,y;yhjij ehk; czh; e ; J mjid epiyf; f Kaw; r p nra; a Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs; kUj;Jt $l;lk; Vw;ghL nra;J mjd; mwpit ghpkhwp> gfph;e;Jnfhz;ldh;. rpwg; g hd GhpjYf; F vjpuhf ,Ue; j hYk; > kUj;Jth;fs; jq;fspd; mwpit ,e;j $l;lj;jpy; gfph; e ; J nfhs; t jw; F kfpo; r ; r paile; j dh; . NkYk; kw; w th; f spd; Gjpa njhopy; E l; g mZFKiwfis fw;Wnfhs;tjw;fhd Nkilahf mike;jJ. jq;fspd; mwpT> Kd;Ndhh; fhyj;jpy; ngw;w kjpg;Gk;> khpahijAk;> ,g;nghOJ fpilahJ vd; W midj; J kUj; J th; f Sk; gfph; e ; J nfhz; l nghJthd tp\akhFk; . jq;fspd; kiwTf;Fg;gpd; ,e;j mwpT epue;jukhf njhiye;J NghFNkh vd;w gak; vq;fSf;F ,Ue; j J> mjdhy; kw; w th; f Sld; ,jid gfph; e ; J nfhs; S k; Mh; t j; j py; ,Ue; N jhk; . NkYk; ,th;fs; ,e;j mwpit ahUk; jtWjyhf gad;gLj;jf;$lhJ vd;gjhy; ek;gpf;ifAila FOtplk; ,jid gfph;e;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w Njitia czh;j;jpdh;. Mifahy; vy;yh epiyfspYk; ehq;fs; ftdkhf ,Uf;fpNwhk;. vq;fsplk; gfph;eJ ; nfhs;Sk; kUj;Jth;fsplKk;> kw;wth;fsplKk;> ,e;j mwpit jdp kdpj Ra yhgj;jpw;fhfNth my;yJ jdp kdpjh;fspd; yhgj;jpw;fhfNth Mtzk;; nra;agLtjpy;iy. Mdhy; nghpaf; F O my; y J r%fj; j pdhpd; gaDf;fhf Mtzk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ vd;gij

fhy; e il ,ufq; f is ftdkhf Mtzk; nra;J> Kf;fpa gz;Gfs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJ. jP t d ,ufq; f s; mjd; gad; g hL kw; W k; Nka; r ; r y; mZFKiwfisAk; Mtzk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. fhy;eilfis jhf;Fk; Rkhh; 100 #o;epiyfSf;F Njitahd 500 %ypif jhtuq;fis Mtzk; nra;Njhk;. kUj;Jth;fs;> r%fq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; rpwe;j ,lk; mspj;J kjpg; g pLk; N ghJ> rpy Neha; f is jP h ; f ; F k; ek;gpf;if Vw;gLfpwJ. vdpDk; rpy Neha;fis jP h ; f ; f ,ayhJ vd; w ek; g pf; i fapd; i kia vq;fs; FOtplk; Neh;ikahf xg;Gf;nfhz;ldh;. jLg;G+rpfs; kw;Wk; fhf;Fk; jpl;lq;fs; Fwpj;J jfty; kw;Wk; mwpT ,th;fsplk; fpilahJ. Mdhy; kUj;Jth;fs; vq;fs; FOtplkpUe;J ,tw;iw fw;Wf;nfhs;s kfpo;r;rpaile;jdh;. fhy;eil kUj;Jth; jhtutpay; epGzh;> MAh;Ntj kUj;Jth;> vYk;gpay; kw;Wk; r%ftpay; epGzh; MfpNahh; mlq; f pa gy Jiw njhopy; E l; g FOkj; j pd; xg; G jypd; mbg; g ilapNyNa ngUk; g hyhd njhopw; E l; g q; f s; ftdkhf Njh;T nra;ag;gLfpwJ. Ma;Tf;fhf rpwg;ghf tbtikf;fg;gl;l Kiwia gad;gLj;jp ,e;j njhopy;El;gq;fis gpd;dh; kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,Ug; g pl njhopw; E l; g q; f spd; Gifg; g lj; i j nfhz; L ftdkhf Mtzk; nra; J Ma; T nra;ag;gl;lJ. ehq;fs; fhy;eil re;ijfis ghh;itapl;L mq;F elf;Fk; nray;ghLfisAk; Mtzk; nra;Njhk;.

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

xU ehs; ,utpy;> fhy;eil kUj;Jt gzpahsh; ej; J ty; F bapd; vUik> cly; e yk; Fd; w paJ. nghJthf> ,e;j ,dj;jpy; fhZk; tPff ; k; ,Ue;jJ. ,uT Neukhdjhy; fhy;eil kUj;Jtiu mioj;J tu ,aytpy;iy. ,e;epiyapy; fhy;eilia ,e;jg; gpur;ridapypUe;J tpLgltpy;iy vd;why; fhiyapy; ghy; fwf;f KbahJ. NkYk; ,uT Neukhdjhy;> ntspapy; nrd;W %ypifia nfhz;Ltu Kbahj epiyAk; ,Ue;jJ. ej;J> gy;NtW Neha;fSf;F fha;e;j %ypif nghbfis jahhpj;J Nrhjid nra;Ak; FOtpy; xU mq;fkhthh;. ,th; vUikapd; Nehia jP h ; f ; f fUg; G j; N jd; nrbapd; cyh; e ; j jiofspypUe; J nra; j nghbia gad; g Lj; j KbT nra;jhh;. mjid gad;gLj;jpajhy; ntF rP f ; f pukhf vUik rhpahdij fz; L mth; kfpo;e;jhh;. fhiyapy;> mtuhy; ed;whf ghy; fwf;f Kbe;jJ. ,e;j Nehapdhy; gy;NtW vUikfs; gy kzpNeuq;fSf;F f\;lg;gLtij fz;bUf;Fk;> kpf mDgt tptrhapahd mtuJ je;ij> ,ij fz;L kpfTk; kfpo;r;rpaile;jhh;. vq;Fk; vOjg;glhj kw;Wk; Mtzk; nra; a g; g lhj mwpitjhd; > midtuhYk; Mtzk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,sk; jiyKiwapdh;> mth; f spd; nghpNahh; nray; g Lj; j paijAk; ftdkhf ghh;j;J nfhs;tjd; %yk; mth;fsplkpUe;J fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; xU jiyKiwapdhplkpUe;J kw;nwhU jiyKiwf;F mwpT nfhz;L nry;yg;gLfpwJ. mwpit ehk; Mtzk; nra;jhYk;> efukakhf; F jy; kw; W k; njhopy; k akhf; f y; Nghd; w tw; w pdhy; epyk; Ntfkhf khwptUk; #o;epiyapy;> gy Kf;f pa ,dq;f s; mope; J tUfpwJ. Rw;Wr;#oy;> nfhs;if kw;Wk; fhy;eil tsh;g;G njhopy;El;gq;fspd; khw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; ghuk; g hpa kUj; J th; f s; ,wg; G gy Kf; f pa mwpT mope;JtUtij ehq;fs; NtfkhfNt czh;e;Njhk;. nghJ ,lq;fspy; RygkhfTk;> ntspg; g ilahfTk; fpilf; f r; nra; t jw; F midj;J mwpTk; nkhj;jkhf xd;W jpul;LtJ ,g; N ghija mtru Njitahf ,Uf; f pwJ. rpwg;ghd ghuk;ghpa Kiw kw;Wk; etPd KiwAk; ,ize; J s; s mwptpd; Kiw ghJfhg; g hf> Rygkhf fpilf;ff;$ba kw;Wk; gad;gLj;Jk; tifapy; mika Ntz;Lk;. fhy;eil kUj;Jth;> tptrhap> itj; j pah; > jhtutpay; epGzh; > tpQ; Q hdpfs; > r%ftpay; epGzh; > fzpdp njhFg; g hsh; f s; > tsh; r ; r pg; gzpahsh; f s; > me; j ; u htpy; FOthf Nrh; e ; J gzpGhpe; J > fhy; e il MNuhf; f pak; > czT rj; J f; f s; > ,Ug;gplk;> Nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; ,dg;ngUf;fk;

Nghd; w gy; N tW gphpTfspy; ,e; j mwpT xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;lJ. mjdhy;> cyif MSk;> mrhjhuz chpik rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Ra ,yhgj;jpw;fhf ,aq;Fk; Kfikfs; kj; j papy; > ,e; j FOf; f Sf; F rk; k e; j kw; w mwpit Njh; T nra; t jpy; jdp xUth; kpf ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j gpur;ridf;F jPh;thf> vq;fs; ntspaPLfis cs;@h; nkhopfspy; ntspapl;ldh;.,jdhy; fpuhk r%fq; f Sf; F Rygkhf gad; g Lj; j KbfpwJ . gapw; r p jpl; l q; f s; elj; j g; g l; l J. mijj; njhlh; e ; J epiyahf ,e; j mwpit gfph; e ; J nfhs; s r%f mbg; g ilapy; cs; s epWtdq;fSf;F gapw;rpfs; elj;jg;gl;lJ. NkYk; ,e;j mwpit b[pl;ly; Kiwapy; cUthf;Fk; gzpia nra;J tUfpNwhk;. fle;j 25 tUlq;fshf> fhy;eil tsh; f ; F k; njhopw; E l; g q; f s; nghpastpy; khw; w kile; J s; s d. fhy; e il tsh; g ; g py; njhopy;kakhd Kiwfs; Eioe;jg;gpd;> rpW tptrhapfs; kw; W k; nfhs; i sGw Kiwfs; mr; R Wj; J k; tifapy; > mope; J tUfpd; w d. fhy;eil cw;gj;jp Kiwfs;> ,e;j KiwfNshL ,ize; j pUe; j caph; g y; t ifik>fhy; e il tpisnghUl; f s; kw; W k; cg-nghUl; f s; > %ypifj; jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; jPtd ,ufq;fs; gbg;gbahf mope;J tUfpwJ. itj;jpah;fs; ,we;jhy; mth;fNshL ,e;j mwpTk; epd; W tpLfpwJ. Nka; r ; r y; epyq; f s; kw; W k; Gy;ntspfs; midj;Jk;> Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; kw;Wk; njhopw;rhiyfshy; Mf;ukpf;fg;gl;lJ. xU fhyj;jpy; epiwe;jpUe;j mwpit xd;WNrh;jJ ; > Gj;jkhfTk;> Gifg;glk;> ntspaPLfs; kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; midj;Jk; Qhgfg; g Lj; J tjw; F cjTfpwJ. xU ehs; cfe;j #o;epiyapd;NghJ ,e;j KiwfspypUe;J rpytw;iw kPzL ; k; r%fj;jpYk;> Rw;Wr;#oypYk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. 

References Ghotge N.S., Ramdas S.R et al., “A Social Approach to the Validation of Traditional Veterinary Remedies – The Anthra Project”, 2002, Tropical Animal Health and Production 34 (2002), p. 121-143 ANTHRA, “Indigenous Knowledge Applications for livestock care”, 2004, Proceedings of a National Workshop, 14-17 Sep 2004. %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> khh;r; 2016> thy;a+k; 18> ,jo; 1

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

rhFgb nra;ag;glhj czTfs; kiwe;jpUf;Fk; nghf;fp\k; md;\{kd; jh]; fhLfspypUe;J fpilf;Fk; rhFgb nra;ag;glhj czTfspd; gq;F> [hh;fz;l; khepyj;jpy; cs;s g`hpah goq;Fbapd kf;fspd; czT gof;fq;fspy; gbg;gbahf Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. ghJfhj; j y; > Nrkpj; j y; kw; W k; rhFgb nra; a g; g lhj czTfis gjg; g Lj; j jy; Nghd;w Kaw;rpfs;> ,th;fspd; gioa epiyia miltjw;F cjtpaJ> r%fj;jpd; czT goq;fspy; gy;tifikAk; tphptilfpwJ. NkYk; gl;bdp kw;Wk; rj;JFiwghL Mfpa gpur;ridfSf;F jPht ; hf ,Uf;fpwJ. mJ [dthp khjk; fhiy nghOJ> kiyg;gFjpia #o;e;Js;s gdp %l;lk; rpwpJ rpwpjhf kiwa njhlq;fp #hpadpd; ntspr;rk; CLUtpaJ. ehd; kiyabthuj;jpy; cs;s re;jy; fpuhkj;ij fle; J >[hh; f z; l ; khepyk; > gf; $ h; khtl; l k; > ypl; b Guh tl; l k; > kiy cr; r papy; ,Uf; F k; Fl;Nyh gf;$h; g`hp vd;w g`hhpah fpuhkj;ij miltjw;F> Nky; Nehf;fp efh;eN ; jd;. g`hhpah]; vd;w goq;Fbapd r%fNk ngUkstpy; ,q;F trpf;fpd;wdh;. uh[; k`y; kiyapy; cs;s kiy njhlh;fspy; g`hhpah]; vd;w ngaUf;F Vw;g kiy goq; F bapdh; f shf tho; e ; J te; j dh; . g`hhpah];> khw;W rhFgb kw;Wk; ghuk;ghpa td fhL mbg;gil nghUshjhuj;ij ek;gpNa tho;fpd;wdh;. xU kzp Neuk; eil gazj;jpw;Fg;gpd;> me;j fpuhkj;ij ehd; mile;Njd;. mq;F ve;nje;j njhopw;El;g q;fs; Gof;f j;j py; cs;sJ vd; w jftiy fpuhkj;jpdh; mspj;jdh;. ngUk;ghYk; g`hhpah]; kiyapy; cs;s Gjh;fs; vhpj;J> Rj;jk; nra;J> fhuhkzpia rhFgb nra;th;. NkYk; mth;fs; Jtiu kw;Wk; NfhJikNahL fyg; G g; gapuhf rhFgb nra; t h; . tpijfs; kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; cs;@hpy; fld; toq;Fk; k`h[d;i]Na rhh;e;jpUf;fpd;wdh;> g`hhpah]; ,dj; j th; . NkYk; k`h[d; ] ; mhprp> cUisf;fpoq;F> ntq;fhak;> kpsfha; Nghd;wtw;iw tpw;gid my;yJ gz;lkhw;W KiwapYk; mbg;gil nghUl;fis toq;Fth;. vdpDk; k`h[d;i]> mr;RWj;Jgth;fshf fUj ,ayhJ. khwhf ntsp cyfj;jpy; xU ,izg;ghf kl;LNk ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. 8

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fhLfspypUe;J Nrkpf;fg;gl;l czT.

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gy;NtW fhl;L czTfs; ghh;itf;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

jahhpg;G tptuk;> czT gjg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Ryg njhopy;El;gq;fs; Nghd;wit mlq;Fk;. NkYk; 10 fpuhkq;fspypUe;J 25 jha;khh;fs; Njh; T nra; a g; g l; L cUthf; f pa ngz; f s; FOtpw;F ,e;j jiyg;Gfis midtUf;Fk; nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhf gapw;rpaspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Kiw czT kw;Wk; czT tof;fq;fis jhz; b nrd; W tpl; l J. %j; j jiyth; f s; rhFgb nra;aglhj czT kw;Wk; Rw;wpAs;s ,aw;if Mjhuq;fs; ghJfhf;f Muk;gpj;jdh;. ghJfhg;G Kiwapd; NghJ> gy;NtW rthy;fs; re;jpj;jdh;. Gjpa jhtu khjphpfis ghJfhg;gJ Kf;fpa rthyhf ,Ue;jJ. fhLfspy; cs;@h; rpw;wpdq;fs; kj;jpapy; kpf rpwe;j rhh;Gj;jd;ik epiwe;jpUf;fpwJ. ,jdhy; mth;fs; tho;Tk;> tsh;r;rpAk; cWjpg;gLj;JtJ fhz KbfpwJ. Mdhy; mopf;fg;gl;l fhLfspy; kuk; tsh;g;G ngUk; g hYk; Njhy; t papy; KbfpwJ. ,e; j gbg; g pid Vw; W > mlh; fhl; L gFjpfspy; cs;s ,ilntspia epug;Gk; Nehf;fj;NjhL epyj;jpNyNa ghJfhf;Fk; Kiwfis tsh;gg ; jpy; r%fq; f s; Kaw; r p nra; f pd; w dh; . ehd; F ntsp ghJfhg;G gFjpfs; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. Gr; N rhNlhyh kw; W k; rpk; y hq; fpuhkq; f spy; jyh xd;Wk;> Fl;Nyh g`h; fpuhkj;jpy; ,uz;L mikg;Gk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. xt;nthU ,lj;jpYk; 35 Kjy; 40 cs;@h; rpw;wdq;fs;

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Anshuman Das Programme Manager Welthungerhilfe Country Office - INDIA A-3, Soami Nagar New Delhi 110 017, India. E-mail: Anshuman.Das@welthungerhilfe.de %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2016> thy;a+k; 18> ,jo; 2

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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

jdp kdpj mikg;G Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; Fwpj;J gug;Gk; tptrha fy;tpahsh; b.vk;.uhjh Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; Fwpj;j mwpT njhlh;e;J tay;fspy; cUthfp tUfpwJ. ,e; j mwpit xd; w pize; J cUthfp mjid gug;Gtjw;F> tptrhapfs; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wdh;. tptrha ,izg;Gg;FO Nghd;w cs;@h; mikg;Gfis gad;gLj;jp> Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; njhopy;El;gq;fis gpd; g w; W tjw; F tptrhapfs; kj; j papy; Cf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; rpwe;j Mrphpah; kw;Wk; tptrhap xUth; ,q;F cs;shh;. xhprh khepyk;>fQ;rk; khtl;lk;> jpfg`z;b tl;lj;jpy; cs;s rpwpa fpuhkkhd F`y;G+hpy; ,Uf;Fk; kj;jpa gs;s papy; 16 tUlq;fshf jiyik Mrphpauhf ,Uf;fpwhh;> jpU. gpujPgF ; khh; mth;fs;. gpkhG+h; vd;w ,lj;jpy; xU tptrha FLk;gj;ij Nrh;e;jth; gpujPg;. ,th; jd;Dila tho;fi ; fia tsh;rr ; p gzpahsuhf fpuhk; tpfh]; vd;w njhz;L epWtdj;jpypUe;J Jtf;fpdhh;. gpujPg;> Mo;e;j nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J> tsh;r;rpia Nehf; f p tptrhapfs; kw; W k; khzth; f s; vz;zj;ij khw;wp mjid nray;gLj;Jtjw;F ghLgl;lhh;

nrk;ik ney; rhFgb> xU Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; njhopy;El;gk; gug;Gjy; fpuhk; tpfh]; -cld; ,ize;jpUf;Fk;NghJ gpujPg;Fkhh; ney; tptrhapfSld; gzpGhpe;Js;shh;. mjdhy; ney; rhFgbapy; cs;s gpur;ridfis mwpe;jpUe;jhh;> Fwpg;ghf ghrd ePhpy; cg;Gj;jd;ik mjpfk; cs;sijAk; cl;gl. ,J Fwpj;J> 2000Mk; Mz;L> yPrh ,e;jpahtpy; mNj Mz;by; brk;gh; khj ,jopy; ntspaplg; g l; l jiyg; i g lhf; l h; . ehh; k d; mg;`‡g; gbf;f Neh;e;jJ. ,e;j fUj;jpy; Mr;rhpakile;J F`y;G+hpy; cs;s mtuJ tptrha ez;gh;fsplk; gfph; e ; J nfhz; L > nrk; i k ney; rhFgb Kiwia jq;fsJ gz;;izfspy; nra;Jghh;f;f mwpTWj; j pdhh; . ,uz; L tptrhapfs; ,e; j 12

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

gpujPg; kw;Wk; ghdp gQ;rhaj;J cWg;gpdh;fs; jz;zPiu mbg;gilahf nfhz;l gpur;ridfis jPh;T fhz xd;whf gzpGhpfpd;wdh;.

njhopy;El;gj;ij nra;Jghh;jJ ; ey;y KbTfis ngw;wdh;. 2000-2001 Mk; Mz;L NfhN`j;jh mizapypUe;J ney; tptrhapfSf;F ghrdk; nra; t jw; F > Njitahd jz; z P i u tpepNahfk; nra; tjw; F topelj; jpdhh; jpU. gpujP g ; Fkhh; . ,th; ghzp gQ; r haj; J vd; w jz;zPh; FOf;fshf cUthf;fp> tptrhapfis Cf; F tpj; J > xUq; f pizj; j hh; . jpfg`z; b tl;lj;jpy; cs;s 57 fpuhkq;fs;> fpuhkj;jpw;F ,uz;L gpujpepjpfs; vd;w hPjpapy; tptrhapfs; ,e; j FOtpy; mq; f khf ,Ue; j dh; . ,e; j f; FO khjk; xU Kiw $b> Ntshz; i k rhh;e;j gpur;ridfs; Fwpj;Jk;> xl;Lnkhj;j fpuhk tsh; r ; r p Fwpj; J k; fye; J iuahLth; . FO $l;lj;jpd; NghJ gy fpuhk mstpyhd gpur; r idfs; jP h ; f ; f g; g l; l J. tptrhapahf ,Ue;J> gpujPg; FOtpd; mq;fkhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh;. ,e; j f; FOtpy; jhf; f k; Vw; g Lj; J k; Kf; f pa gzpapy; <Lgl;L tUfpwhh;. ,th; gbj;jtuhfTk;> MrphpauhfTk; ,Ug;gjhy; cs;@h; r%fj;jpy; mtUf;F ey;y khpahij ,Uf;fpwJ. xU $l;lj;jpy;> gpujPg;> nrk;ik ney; rhFgb Fwpj; J gfph; e ; J nfhz; l hh; . NkYk; kf#y;

tphptilAk; mNjrkaj; j py; > ,J Mjhu gad; g hl; i l vt; t hW Fiwf; f cjTfpwJ vd; g J Fwpj; J k; gfph; e ; J nfhz; l hh; . kpf Kf; f pakhf jz; z P h ; gad; g hl; L f; FOtpd; Kf; f pa Nehf; f q; f spy; xd; w hd jz; z P i u gaDs; s jhf cgNahfpj; j y; MFk; . Mjyhy; mth; Fiwe;jsT jz;zhP ; Njitg;gLk; nrk;ik ney; rhFgbia gpd;gw;w typAWj;jpdhh;. nrk;ik ney; rhFgbia nray;gLj;Jtjw;F tptrhapfs; Cf;Ftpf;Fk; topahf gad;gLj;jpnfhz;lhh;. Jtf;fj;jpy; Rkhh; 200 tptrhapfs; nrk;ik ney; rhFgbia gpd;gw;wpdh;. 2003 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; ,e;j tl;lj;jpy; Rkhh; 1000 tptrhapfs; jq;fsJ gz;izfspy; nrk;ik ney ;rhFgbia nra;a Jtq;fpdh;.2005 Mk; Mz;L tiu nrk;ik ney; rhFgb gug;Gk; Nehf;fk; khepyj; Jiwf;F ,y;iy. ,e;j khtl;lj;jpy; kl;LNk> ypg;gf;fh; kw;Wk; fpuhk; tpfh]; Mfpa rpy njhz;L epWtdq;fs;> ,e;j njhopy;El;gj;ij gpd;gw;w tptrhapfis Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;ldh;.gpujPg; mtUila gs;spapy; ,uz;L $l;lq;fis xUq;fpizj;jhh;. ,e;j $l;lj;jpw;F fl;lhf;fpy; cs;s ney; Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpypUe;J tpQ;Qhdpfs; miof;fg;gl;ldh;. Rkhh; 50 fpuhkq;fs; gq;Nfw;wdh;. vdpDk; ,J ePz;l ehl;fSf;F njhlutpy;iy. 2005 Mk; Mz; b ypUe; J ,e; j Kaw; r pia gutyhf;fk; nra;tjpy; mtuJ ghh;it ,Ue;jJ. tl; l mstpy; ghzp gQ; r haj; j pd; ,uz; L kw; W k; xU $l; l j; j pd; N ghJ njhlh; e ; J fz;fhzpf;fg;gl;lJ. mile;j ntw;wp kw;Wk; re; j pj; j gpur; r idfs; Mfpa midj; J k; $l;lq;fspy; fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpwJ. cah; j ; j Ntz; b a mwpT kw; W k; jpwd; f s; fz;lwpag;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; vjph;ghuhj tpjkhf> ,e;j tpUg;gj;ij ve;j topapYk; r%fq;fs; epiwT nra; a ,aytpy; i y. Ntshz; i k JiwapypUe; J mYtyh; f s; > cWg; g pdh; f s; typAWj;Jk;NghJ kl;Lk; ghh;itapLth;. Mdhy; Ntshz; i kapy; rpwe; j njhopy; E l; g q; f s; Fwpj;J vg;nghOjhtJjhd; mwpTiu $Wth;. jw;NghJ> nrk;ik ney; rhFgb> Ntshz;ik Jiwapdhy; ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J xU khepy mstpyhd Kaw;rpahf khwpaJ. khepy muR ,e;j Kiwia ghpe;Jiug;gjw;F Kd;dNu gpujP g ; jpfg; g `z; b tl; l j; j py; tptrhapfs; nrk;ik ney; rhFgb nra;tjw;F Cf;Ftpj;jhh;. muR elj;Jk; nrk;ik ney; rhFgb Fwpj;j gapw;rp jpl;lq;fs; NghjhJ vd gpujPg; ntspgLj;jpdhh;. tptrhapfs; Vw;Wnfhs;tJ jhkjkhdjhy; ,e; j j; jpl; l k; tsh; t jw; F k; jhkjkhdJ. gy fy;tpr; Rw;Wyhtpw;F gpwNf>

tptrhapfs; nrk;ik ney; rhFgb Kiwia nra;J ghh;j;jhh;. ,UgJ fpuhkq;fspy; cs;s nrk;ik ney; rhFgb tptrhapfNshL gpujPg;> fye;Jiuahbdhh;. tptrhapfs; kf#y; mjpfhpj;jpUg;gij ntspg;gLj;jpdh;. rpyUf;F Vf;fUf;F 20-25 Ftpz;lhy; fpilj;Js;sJ> Mdhy; Kd;G mth;fSf;F Vf;fUf;F ntWk; 15 -16 Ftpz; l hy; fpilj; j J. tptrhapfs; ,e;j Kiw GjpajhfTk;> Mjhuk; Nrkpg;gijAk; fz;ldh;. Mdhy; nghpastpy; mjid gpd;gw;w mth;fs; cWjpahf ,y;iy.

,sk; r%fj;jpdiu Ntshz; caph;r;#oiy Nehf;fp tbtikj;jy; gpujP g ; mtuJ gs; s papy; tP l ; L j; N jhl; l k; nray;gLj;j gzpghpe;jhh;. tPl;Lj; Njhl;lk;> nray;ghl;L mbg;gilapyhd fw;Fk; #o;epiy cUthf;Ftjd; gq;fhf ,J Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ngUk;ghyhd khzth;fs; Vio FLk;gj;jpypUe;J tUtjhy;> mth;fs; Njhl;lk; mikg;gjw;F ,aw;ifahfNt Mh;tk; nfhz;bUe;jdh;. tPlL ; j;Njhl;lk; 200 rJu kPll ; h; gug;gstpy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. fj;jphp> KUq;if> kpsfha;> fPiufs;>gg;ghsp Nghd;w fha;fwpfs;> tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpy; tsh;f;fg;gl;lJ. ,aw;iff;F cfe;j rhFgb nra;Ak; Kiwia ghpe; J iuj; J tUfpwhh; . Njhl; l j; j py; xU Fop mikj; J mq; F fpilf; F k; fopTfis gad; g Lj; j p kf; F cuk; jahhpf; f g; g LjpwJ. rhzk;> Ntk;G ,iy> bNahlhh; ,iy Nghd;wit kf; F cuj; j pw; F gad; g Lj; j g; g l; l J. NkYk; > kz; G O cuk; Fwpj; J Gj; j fj; j py; gbj; j th; > ghpNrhjidAk; nra; j hh; . Mdhy; nghpjhf ntw;wpaila Kbatpy;iy. Jtf;fj;jpy;> jhtuq;fis nts;is vWk;Gfs; jhf;fpaJ> rpy Neuq;fspy; Neha;fs; jhf;fpaJ. lhf; l h; . ehuhazrhkp nul; b gFjp> ,e; j gpur;ridfSf;F jPh;Tfhz nghpJk; cjtpaJ (yP r h ,e; j pah> ,aw; i f tptrhapf; f hd rpwg; G gFjp) vd gpujP g ; $wpdhh; . NkYk; ,th; gRe;jhs; cuj;ij gaph; nra;J mjid njhlh; e ; J ghJfhj; J > fz; f hzpj; j jhy; gy gpur; r idfSf; F jP h ; T fhz cjtpaJ. ehuhaz nul;bapd; mDgtj;ij mbg;gilahf nfhz;L mth; NkYk; ,Ul;L kz;iz rhke;jp nrbfSf;F ,l;L Kaw;rp nra;jhh;. Foe; i jfSf; F xt; n thU rdpf; f poikAk; > xU kzp Neuj; j pw; F rpwg; G gfph; T tFg; G cs; s J. khzth; f s; gRikf; FOf; f shf xUq;fpizj;J> Rw;Wr;#oy; gpur;ridfis yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

tPl;Lj; Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J mWtil nra;ag;gl;l fha;fwpfs; Foe;ijfSf;fhf jahhpf;fg;gLk; kjpa cztpw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. jhq;fs; ntspapy; thq; f pa fha; f wpfspd; Ritia fhl;bYk; tPlL ; j;Njhl;lj;jpy; tsh;jj ; fha;fwpfs; kpfTk; Ritahf ,Ug; g ij khzth; f s; czh;e;jdh;.Foe;ijfs; tPl;bw;F nrd;wgpd; ,jid jq;fSila ngw;Nwhh;fsplk; fye;Jiuahbdh;. ‘nra; t J ek; g pf; i fAilaJ” vd; W gpujP g ; czhe; j pUe; j hh; . Foe; i jfs; > Kjy; re; j jp fy;tpahsh;fs; vd;gjhy;> tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fs;> kf;F cuk; Fwpj;J nra;Kiw gapw;rp mth;fSf;F kfpo;r;rpaspg;gJ kl;Lkpy;yhky;> mth;fSf;F kj;jpapy; Rje;jpukhf Nahrpf;Fk; jpwd; mjpfhpf;fTk; n ra;fpwJ . Nk Y k ; Rw; W r; # oYf; F cfe; j nray; g hLfspy; tpopg;Gzh;Tk;> ek;gpf;ifAk; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,e;j kfpo; r ; r p fye; j fw; w y; K iw> khzth; f s; njhlh; e ; J fy; t p fw; g ij cWjp nra; f pwJ. gs; s papypUe; J epWj; j g; g Lk; Foe; i jfspd; vz;zpf;if Kw;wpYk; jLf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;W gpujPg; kfpo;r;rpahf $wpdhh;.

jhf;fj;jpd; vy;iy caph;r;#oYf;F cfe;j Kiwfis gad;gLj;jp gs;sp khzth;fshy; tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fis Nkk;gLj;Jjy;.

mth;fSf;F njhpag;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Foe;ijfs; vd;d nra;jnfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh; vd;gijAk;> tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fspy; guhkhpg;G gpur;ridfis Fwpj;Jk;> gfph;e;Jnfhs;fpd;wdh;. Mrphpah;fs; mth;fSf;F Njitahd njhlh; eltbf;if nray; g hL Fwpj; J mwpTiu $Wfpd; w dh; . Mdhy;> tPlL ; j;Njhl;lk; Fwpj;j rpwg;G gapw;rpfs; Foe;ijfSf;F mspf;fg;gltpy;iy.

Foe;ijfs;> Kjy; re;jjp fy;tpahsh;fs; vd;gjhy;> tPlL ; j; Njhl;lq;fs;> kf;F cuk; Fwpj;J nra;Kiw gapw;rp mth;fSf;F kfpo;rr ; paspg;gJ kl;Lkpy;yhky;> mth;fSf;F kj;jpapy; Rje;jpukhf Nahrpf;Fk; jpwd; mjpfhpf;fTk; nra;fpwJ. NkYk; Rw;Wr;#oYf;F cfe;j nray;ghLfspy; tpopg;Gzh;Tk;> ek;gpf;ifAk; Vw;gLfpwJ. 14

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

gpujP g ; ghzp gQ; r haj; J %yk; tptrha r%fq; f Sld; > gs; s p Foe; i jfs; kw; W k; mth; f sJ ngw; N whh; f Sld; ( mth; f Sk; tptrhapfs;) kpFe;j <Lghl;Lld; fye;Jiuahb capNuhl;lkhd ,izg;gpy; ,Ue;jhh;. NkYk; fpuhk mstpyhd mYtyh; f Sld; ed; F jplkhd njhlh; i g Vw; g Lj; j papUf; f pwhh; . jw; N ghJ> tl; l mstpy; midj; J tsh; r ; r p nray;ghLfSf;Fk; gpujPg;jhd; mZFk; eguhf cs;shh;. mth; gy;NtW gpur;ridfs; Fwpj;j fye;JiuahLthh; Fwpg;ghf Rw;Wr;#oy; Fwpj;j tpopg; G zh; T cUthf; F tjpy; Kidg; G ld; ,Uf;fpwhh;. gpujP g ; > jd; D ila fUj; J fis nfhz; L r%fj;jpy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd jhf;fk; Vw; g Lj; j Kbe; j J. mtUila gs; s papy; gapYk; khzth;fisj; njhlq;fp> Mrphpah;fs;> Xa; T ngw; w Mrphpah; f s; tiu jhf; f j; i j Vw;gLj;jpdhh;. cjhuzkhf> ,e;j gs;spapy; Mrphpauhf gzpghpAk; ngh; ` hk; G +h; fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J> rhkh rpq;fpapypUe;J tUk; jpU.fhsp kp\;uh> tPlb ; w;F jpUk;gpaJk; ,e;j fUj;Jf;fis kw;wth;fSf;F gug;Gfpwhh;. ,tUila neUq;fpa ez; g h; f s; gzpGhpAk; ,uz; L njhz; L epWtdq;fs; cjhuzj;jpw;F> ngh;`hk;G+hpYs;s

ypg;gpf;fh kw;Wk; epfg`z;b tl;lj;jpYs;s [d; [f;ud; vd;w epWtdq;fSf;F ,e;j fUj;Jf;fs; gug; g g; g l; l J. NkYk; CdKw; w th; f shy; Nkk; g Lj; j g; g Lk; [d; [f; u d; epWtdj; j pd; fd; r hkhhp gz; i zf; F ,th; MNyhrfuhf ,Uf; f pwhh; . ,tUila jplkhd jhf; f k; tl;lj;jpd; 57 fpuhkq;fis cWg;gpdh;fshf nfhz;l ghzp gQ;rhaj;J cWg;gpdh;fsplk; ed;F fhzyhk;. ,jidj; jhz;b> mth; tl;l mstpy; cs;s Rw;Wr;#oy; FO khzth;fisAk; rpwg;ghf topelj;jp nry;fpwhh;. gpujPg;gpd; jhf;fj;jpd; vy;iy kpfTk; tphpe;Js;sJ. Vndd;why; gs;sp Mrphpauhd mtUila gjtp kw;Wk; ghzp gQ;rhaj;jpy; mth; cWg;gpduhf ,Ug;gjhy; gyhplk; mth; fye; J iuahLk; tha; g ; G fpilf; f pwJ. kpf Kf; f pakhf jdpg; g l; l gz; G fshd> Mh; t k; kw;Wk; mh;g;gzpg;G mtiu ,e;j rpwe;j nraypy; <Lg;gLj;j nra;jJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F> fpuhkj;jpy; mtUila gbg;Gk;> jpwDk; nfhz;l kjpf;fj;jf;f egh; f spy; > gpujP g ; > xU Kf; f pa egh; Mth; . tsh;r;rp gzpfspy; mtUila Mh;tk;> tsh;r;rp epWtdq;fNshL mth; ngw;wpUe;j mDgtk;> njhlh;GgLj;jpnfhs;Sk; jpwd; kw;Wk; ntsp cyfj;NjhL mth; itj;jpUf;Fk; el;G Mfpait r%fj;jpy; kjpg;Gkpf;f kdpjuhf cUthfpdhh;. kw; n whU Gwj; j py; > jiyik Mrphpauhd mtUila gjtp ,sk; jiyKiwapdiu tbtikf;Fk; tha;gG ; ,tUf;F fpilj;jJ. ,e;j midj;J gz;GfSk;> Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; Fwpj;j jftiy gug;Gtjw;F Kf;fpa gq;fspj;jJ.

Mh;tk; kpFe;jpUe;jhy;> xU jdp kdpjd; $l r%fj;jpy; gy tpj;jpahrq;fis fhz;gpf;f KbAk; vd; W gpujP g ; g pd; ntw; w p ntspg; g Lj; J fpwJ. jftypd; rf;jp gfph;T ,e;j epfo;tpy; njspthf ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. rhpahd egUf;F jftiy Mh;tj;Jld; Nrh;ff ; g;gl;lhy; jhf;fk; cUthtjpy; vy;iyNa ,Ug;gjpy;iy> xU egh;> xU tptrhap my; y J xU fy; t pahsh; $l> mth; thOk; r%fj;jpy; khw;wj;ij nfhz;Ltu KbAk;. 

T M Radha AME Foundation Bangalore, India www.amefound.org E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in

%yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2016> thy;a+k; 18> ,jo; 4

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

ngz;fs; Nlg;fis gad;gLj;Jtjw;F Kaw;rp nra;fpd;wdh;

gq;Fjhuh;fis cUthf;Fk; kpd;dD rhjd mikg;G mkpj; rf;uth;j;jp fle;j rpy tUlq;fshf ngUkstpy; njhopy;El;g tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; Gjpa tha;g;Gfs; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifapy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. vdpDk; ,e;j tha;g;Gfs;> Ntshz; gphptpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gad;fs; vJTk; Vw;gltpy;iy. Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; mikg;gpy; midj;J ty;Yeh;fSf;Fk; chpa Neuj;jpy;> Njitahd jfty;fis ngw;W gad;ngwyhk;. mwpT ghpkhw;wk;> tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ghpe;Jiufs;> re;ij xUq;fpizg;Gfs; kw;Wk; epjp cjtp Mfpatw;wpy; jfty; kw;Wk; njhlh;G njhopy;El;gq;fs; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpj;J mjd;%yk; Ntshz;ik xU ,yhgk; <l;Lk; njhopyhf MfpwJ. Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jp gpur;ridfis> Rw;Wr;#oy; gpur;ridfspypUe;J jdpj;J ghh;f;f ,ayhJ. Ntshz;ikapy; kpd;dZ fUtpfspd; gad;ghL gy jug;G ty;Yeh;fs; gy;NtW jiyg;Gfspy; jfty; f s; > mjpf cw; g j; j p> caph; r ; # oypy; epiyj;jj;jd;ik> czT cj;jputhjk;> nghUshjhu Ma; T fs; > Mjhu ghJfhg; G kw;Wk; r%f rkepiy Mfpatw;wpd; Njitia G+h;j;jp nra;a cjTfpwJ. Ntshz;ikapy; etPd jfty; kw;Wk; njhlh;G njhopy;El;g fUtpfis gad; g Lj; J tjhy; > tzpf nryT Fiwj; J > re; i japd; ntspg; g il jd; i k cah; f pwJ. 16

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

Njitahd nghUl; f s; kw; W k; Nritfis rpwe;j Kiw xUq;fpizj;jy; kw;Wk; epjpAjtp kw;Wk; fhg;gPLfis toq;Ftjw;Fk; ifNgrp %yk; jftiy ntspapLtJ> ty; Y eh; f is xUq;fpizj;jy;> kjpg;G rq;fpyp kj;jpapy; cs;s jpwikfis cah;j;JtJ> kjpg;G rq;fpypapy; cs;s xt;nthU nray;ghl;lhsUk;> kw;nwhU nray; g hl; l hsUf; F NjitgLk; nghUs; kw; W k; Nritfis toq; f Cf; F tpf; f pwJ. mjdhy; xw;WikNahL nray;gl;lhy; Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; mikg;G Kd;Ndw cjTk;. rhpahd Neuj; j py; jfty; fpilg; g jhy; ty; Y eh; f s;

R%fkhd Kiwapy; nray;gl cWJizahf ,Ue;J> midtUf;Fk; ntw;wpngUk; #o;epiyfis cUthf;FfpwJ. Ntshz;ikf;fhf> jfty; njhlh;G njhopy;El;g gad; g hL ,e; j pahtpy; eP z ; l tuyhw; i w nfhz; l it. th; z h itah; fpuhkk; (1998 Jtf;fg;gl;lJ)> fpahd; J}j; (2000 Mk; Mz;by; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ)> Nehf;fpah iyg; (2009 y; mwpKfg; g Lj; j g; g l; l J)> &l; l h; ] ; re; i j tpyf; F (2007 ,y; mwpKfg; g Lj; j g; g l; l J)> ,-rhF (2004 ,y; mwpKfg; g Lj; j g; g l; l J)> ,-f;hp\p> ,- nrsghy;> I- fp]hd; Mfpait rpy Kd;Ndhb cjhuzq;fs; MFk;. fpahdJ} j;> th;zh> tah;l; fpuhkk; kw;Wk; Nehf;fpah iyg; Mfpa Kaw; r pfs; Ntshz; i kf; f hf kl; L k; Jtf;ftpy;iy. ,th;fs; fy;tp> MNuhf;fpak;> nghOJNghf;F> gpwg;G/,wg;G rhd;wpjo; Fwpj;j muR Nritfs;> epy jiyg;GfSf;fhd efy;> muR jpl;lq;fs;> muR khdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; gy;NtW ,ju jfty; f s; kw; W k; NritfSf; f hfTk; Jtf;fpaJ. NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s kw;w Kaw;rpfs; ahTk;> Ntshz;ik rk;ke;jkhd jfty; kw;Wk; Nritfs; kl;LNk toq;FfpwJ. muR jpl;lq;fs;> njhz;L epWtd jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; jdpahh; gphpT thOk; jpl;lq;fs; midj;Jk; fye;jpUf;fpwJ. jfty; gug;Gk; Clfq;fs;>Kjy; epiy Clfq;fs;

(1) nrayhsiu ,izf;Fk; fzpdp tpw;gid ikak; (2) njhiyNgrp %yk; xypia mDg;Gjy; (miog;G ikak; kw;Wk; ifNgrp) (3) ,izak; nry; Y k; topfs; kw; W k; (4) Kjy; %d; W Clfq;fspd; gy;NtW ,izg;Gfs;. Ntshz;ikapy; jfty; njhlh;G njhopy;El;g gad;ghl;il jhz;b> Kjy; epiy fUj;Jfspy; xd; w hdJ vd; d ntd; w hy; tptrhapfs; tho;thjhuq;fis cah;j;Jtjw;F Njitahd jfty; f s; fpilf; f hjNj ngUk; jilahf ,Uf;fpwJ. Mifahy; Kd; jiyKiw jfty; njhlh;G njhopw;El;gq;fis rpwe;j Kiwapy; gad; g Lj; J tjw; F Kjypy; jftiy gug; g Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk; ,d;W ehk; tpUk;Gk; fUtpfs; ek;kplk; cs;sJ. mit> m) mjpfstpy; Gs;sp tptuq;fis Nrfhpj;J Ma;T nra;jy; M) Ma;T nra;Ak; fUtpfs; kw;Wk; jPhk ; hdk; vLf;f cjTk; mikg;Gfs; ,) nray;gLj;j KbAk; mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk; mjid fz;fhzpj;jy; kpjtwz; l gFjpf; f hd rh; t Njr Muha; r ; r p ikak; (,f;hprhl;) > Ntshz;ikapy; ,d;iwa rthy;fis re;jpg;gjw;F rpW tptrhapfSld;> Ntshz;ik rhh;e;j Gjpa njhopy; El;gq;fs; fz;Lgpbf;f njhlh;e;J gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. ,e;j rthy;fs; ntWk; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; kl;Lk;

jfty; ngw ifNgrpia gad;gLj;Jk; Mz;fs; yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

cUthfhky; r%fk;> fyhr;rhuk;> nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; Fwpg;ghf Rw;Wr;#oypypUe;J cUthfpwJ. jfty; ghpe;Jiug;gjw;F> jfty; njhlh; G njhopy; E l; g q; f is ghuk; g hpakhf gad; g Lj; J tijj; jhz; b Gjpa fUtpahd l;Nuhd; vdg;gLk; Fuiy gjpT nra;ag;gLk; fUtpia ,f;hprhl; ikak; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. Gjpa etP d fUtpfs; kw; W k; ghuk; g hpaKk; ,ize;J vq;fspd; rpy Kaw;rpfs; Fwpj;J fPNo tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd;%yk; midj;J ty; Y dh; f Sk; xd; W $b gzpnra; t jw; F ce;Jjyha; ,Ue;J Jiz-r`hud; Mg;hpf;fh kw; W k; Mrpahtpy; cs; s rpW tptrhapfs; tho;it cah;j;JfpwJ.

Gs;sp tptu Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; njhopy; mwpT nfhz;L tptrhapfis rf;jpkpf;fth;fshf;Fjy; tptrhapfSf;fhd Gjpa tpijg;G nraypAld; jdpgl;l fpuhk mwpTiuahsh; miw tptrhapfSf; F rhpahd tpijg; G Neuk; vLj;Jnfhs;s cjTfpwJ. mjdhy; thdpiy khw;wj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; cWjpaw;w jd;ikia jtph;f;f cjTfpwJ. Me;jpu gpuNjrj;jpy; ,J rpwpastpy; nray; g l; L tUfpwJ. tpijg; G nrayp %yk; thdpiy> kz; kw; W k; ,ju mwpFwpfs; rhh; e ; j gaph; tpijg; g pd; rpwe; j Neuj;jpd; mwpTiug;gb> tptrhapfs; kpFjpahd mWtilfis ngw cjTfpwJ. tpijg;G nraypapy;> mnkhpf;fhit mbg; g ilahf nfhz; l mNth; ,q; f ; vd; w epWtdk; toq; f pa rj; j ptha; e ; j nraw; i f Ghpjpwd; cld;> thdpiy Kd; mwptpg;G khjphpfs; kw;Wk; fle;j 45 tUlq;fspy; nga;j kioasTk; fh; E }y; khtl; l j; j pd; 10 tUlq; f Sf; f hd epyf; f liy tpijg; G Gs; s ptptuj; i jAk; cs; s lf; f pa gutyhd Gs; s ptptuq; f is gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Gs;sptptuk; RUq;f nra;J tUKd; mwpAk; jpwid tsh;jJ ; > rhpahd tpijg;G thuj;ij Njh;T nra;Ak; mstpw;F tptrhapfis topelj;JfpwJ. Nrfhpf;fg;gl;l ,ju Gs; s ptptuq; f is ,izf; F k; N ghJ> mjid rpwe;j Gs;sptptu$l;Lfshf cUthf;fp> tptrhapfSf;fhd tUKd; mwpAk; khjphpfshf tsh;j;njLf;fg;gl;lJ. mNj khjphp> jdpgl;l fpuhk mwpTiuahsh; miw> gy;NtW Rw;Wr;#oy; fhuzpfs; Fwpj;j cldb ghh;itia toq;fp mjd; % yk; MNuhf; f pakhd gaph; kf#iy cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. jw;NghJ nray;gLj;jptUk; rpwpa jpl;lj;jpy; tptrhapfSf;F tpijg;G Njjp Fwpj;j jftiy njYq;F nkhopapy; FWe;jfty; 18

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

mDg; g g; g LfpwJ. khepyj; j py; xt; n thU 13 khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s 10000 n`f;NlhpYk; ,f;hprhl; mYtyh; f shy; Neubahf Gs; s ptptuq; f s; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,itfis ikf;Nuhrh‡g;l; m\{h; f;nysl; mikg;gpdhy; kpd;dD fUtpapy; Vw;wg;gl;lJ. Ntshz;ik Nkk;ghl;L Ma;Tfspd; gad;ghL %yk; Ntshz; njhopy;El;gq;fis Neh;gLj;jp> tYgLj;j cjTfpwJ. tpijg;G nrayp kw;Wk; jdpgl;l fpuhk mwpTiuahsh; miw> Nkfq;fs; mbg; g ilapy; tUKd; mwpAk; Ma; T fis rpwg; g hf mspf; f pwJ. ,jd; %yk; Kf; f pa jfty; kw;Wk; Ez;zwtpdhy; tptrhapfis Nkk;gLtNjhL gaph; ,og;ig Fiwa kf#y; mjpfhpf; f Tk; cjTfpwJ. NkYk; mOj; j k; Fiwe;J rpwe;j tUkhdk; fpilf;fpwJ. Me;jpu muR> ikf;Nuhrh‡g;l; mNth; kw;Wk; ,f;hprhl; ,ize;J> Me;jpu muR epjpAjtpy; nray;gl;L tUk; iuj;Jf; Nfhrk; (tptrhapfSf;fhf vd;W nghUs;) vd;w jpl;lk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. cs;@h; mbkl;l epWtdkhd irjd;ah ,isQh; rq;fk; nray;gl;L tUk; fh;Z}ypy; ,e;j Kaw;rpf;F fsj;jpy; cjtp nra;fpwJ.

epyj;jpdpy; ,f;hprhl; FO fpuhkj;ij ghh;itapLk;NghJ rptg;gh vd;w xU Nfhgkpf;f tptrhap ‘kw; w th; f Sf; F tUk; FWQ; n ra; j p vdf; F tuhjJ vg;gb” vd;W MNtrkha; jd; Nfhgj;ij [{d; 27 Mk; Njjp md;W mDg;gg;gl;l khjphp FWQ;nra;jp 1. khdhthhp epyf; f liy gaphpd; tpijg; i g Jtf;fyhk;. 2. tpijg;gpw;FKd; tpij Neh;j;jp Kf;fpak; 3. tpij kw; W k; kz; rk; k e; j khd Neha; f is jLg;gJ kpf Kf;fpak; 4. xU fpNyh tpijAld; 3 fpuhk; jpuk; my;yJ fhg; l d; my; y J Nkq; n fhnrg; G ld; Neh; j ; j p nra;a Ntz;Lk;. 5. vq;nfy;yhk; nts;is tz;L gpur;ridfs; ,Uf;fpwNjh> mq;F xU fpNyh tpijf;F 6.5 kp.yp. f;Nyhh;ighpgh]; tpijg;gpw;F Kd; Neh;j;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. 6. tpijf; F k; N ghJ rhpahd kz; <ug; g jk; ,Uf;fpwjh vd;gij cWjpnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 7. kz;zpy; 5 nr.kP. Moj;jpy; tpijia tpijf;f Ntz;Lk;.

B[pl;ly; fUtpfspd; gad;ghL Fwpj;j kw;wth;fSf;F fw;Wj;jUk; ngz;.

ntspgLj; j pdhh; . mNjNghy; > ,e; j pahtpy; Me;jpuh khepyj;jpy; cs;s fh;Z}y; khtl;lj;ij Nrh;ej ; Arg; gh\h kw;Wk; kjd;d fe;jg;gh Mfpa ,UtUk; ,jidNa gfph;e;Jnfhz;ldh;. fh;Z}y;> jtdnfhz;lh fpuhkj;ij Nrh;e;j tptrhapfSf;F [{d; 15 Kjy; mth;fSila ifNgrpfSf;F> tpijg;gpw;F rhpahd Neuk; > tpijg; g pw; F Kd; jahhpg; G fs; vd; w jfty; mlq; f pa FWQ; n ra; j p mwpTiuahf mDg;gg;gLfpwJ. Rkhh; 1000 tptrhapfspy; jw;NghJ 175 tptrhapfSf;F> ,e;j mwpTiufis thdpiy> tsh; f ; F k; gaph; > kz; MNuhf; f pak; kw; W k; ,ju mwpFwpfs; mbg; g ilahff; nfhz; L rpwe; j tpijg; G Neuj;ij jftyhf fpilf;fpwJ. jtdnfhz;lh kw;Wk; Rw;WGw fpuhkq;fspy; cs;s tptrhapfs; Kjypy; kioia ek;gpNa ,Uf; f pd; w dh; . Rkhh; 60 % epyg; g Fjpapy; epyf;fliyAk;> 22% gFjpapy; gUj;jpAk; kw;Wk; 17% gFjpapy; Mkzf;F rhFgb nra;ag;gl;L tUfpwJ.

epyf;fliy cw;gj;jpf;F> cs;@h; nkhopahd njYq;F kw;Wk; Mq;fpy nkhopapYk; mwpTiufs; mDg;gg;gLfpwJ. gy tptrhapfs; Kjy; jiyKiw ifNgrpfs; ngw;wpUe;jdh;.Mdhy; mitfspy; cs; @ h; nkhop ,y; y hjjhy; nra; j pfis Mq; f pyj; j pYk; mDg; g g; g l; l J. vOj; j wpT jilfis jhz; b tu rpy tptrhapfis Njh; e ; n jLj; J mth; f Sf; F nra; j pfis kw; w tptrhapfs; %yk; gfph; e ; J nfhs; S k; nghWg;ig mspj;jJ.NkYk; Fuy; gjpT nra;J nra; j pfismDg; G k; rhj; j paf; $ Wfis ntspnfhzh;e;jdh;. jpUkjp. uNk\;tuk;kh ,e;j mwpTiu Nritapy; kpfTk; kfpo;r;rpahf ,Uf;fpwhh;.mth; jdJ 1.5 n`f;Nlh; epyj;jpy; epyf;fliy rhFgb nra;jhh;. NkYk; mth; [pg;rk; ,Ljy;> <ug;gjk; Nrkpg;gjw;F ghh; vLj;jy;> Jtiuia CLg;gapuhf tpijj;jy; kw; W k; Ez; Z }l; l r; r j; J ,Ljy; Nghd; w midj;J mwpTiufisAk; gpd;gw;wpdhh;.,d;W mtUila Kaw; r pia fhl; L k; tifapy; gapiu MNhuf;fpakhf itj;jpUf;fpwhh;. Kd;G FWQ;nra;jpia ngWtjw;F ifnahg;gkplhj yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

jdJ epyf;fliy tay;fspy; cs;s uhNk];tuk;kh.

rptg;gh Nghd;w gy tptrhapfs;> jd;Dila rf tptrhapfs; gad;ngw;wij fz;L jw;NghJ ,jpy; ifnaOj; j pl Mh; t khf cs; s dh; . [{d; 24 Kjy; tptrhapfis fz;fhzpj;J> mth;fSf;F tpijg;G mwpTiuia njhlq;fpaJ Kjy; 15 tpOf;fhL tpijg;G gFjp Kjy; [{iy 4 ,y; 100 tpOf;fhL tiu cah;e;jJ.

KbT ,e;j Kaw;rp> nghJthd Nkilapy; ty;Yeh;fis xd;W Nrh;e;J gfph;e;Jnfhz;L rpWtptrhapfis rf; j ptha; e ; j th; f shf Mf;FfpwJ. rPNjh\d khw;wq;fs; nghWj; j tiuapy; > tptrhapfSf; F jfty; mspj;J rhpahd KbTfis vLj;J mth;fSf;F gpur;ridia Fiwf;f cjTfpwJ. ,lh;ghLfs; re;jpg;gjw;F Ntshz;ik mikg;Gfspy; gaph; gy;tifikia mwpKfg;gLj;JtJ> rPNjh\d rhh; e ; j Ntshz; i kf; f hd fUtpfs; kw; W k; njhopy;El;gq;fis mwpKfk; nra;jy;. ,jw;F tptrhapfs;> Muha;rr ; p ikaq;fs;> muR> njhz;L epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; jdpahh; epWtdq;fs; xd;W $b> Ntshz; i kia ,yhgfukhf kw; W k; epiyj; j pUf; f Tk; xUq; f pize; j Kiwapy; gzpGhpfpd;wdh;. 20

yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 1 • khh;r; 2018

ed;wp $Wjy; lhf;lh;.R`h]; thzp> jpl;l Muha;rr ; p ,af;Feh; - Mrpah kw;Wk; ,e;jj; jpl;lj;ij jiyik tfpj;j jpl;l jiyth;> ,f;hprhl; tsh;r;rp ikak;> ,f;hprhl;> lhf;lh;. V.tp.Mh;. Nfrt uht;> Ibrp> ,f;hprhl;> jpU. [p. Mjp ehuhazh> Muhar;rp mYtyh;> ,f;hprhl;> fh;Z}y;> jpU.tp.Nfhgpehj;> njhopy;El;gtpah;> ,f;hprhl;> fh;Zhy;> lhf;lh;. gpughfh; ghjf; > MNyhrfh; > Ibrp> kw; W k; khtl;l xUq;fpizg;ghsh;> fh;Z}y; khtl;lk;> M.gpuNjrk; iuj; J f; Nfhrk; jpl; l k; kw; W k; rp. kJ#jd;>jpl;l mYtyh; kw;Wk; nrj;jd;a ,isQh; rq;fj;jpd; ,ju mYtyh;fs; MfpNahUf;F ed;wp njhptpf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;. ,e; j g; gzp> Me; j pu muR epjpAjtp ngw; w M,gpuNjr iuj;Jf; Nfhrk; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; nray;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.  Amit Chakravarty Senior Manager ICRISAT, Patancheru Hyderabad E-mail: a.chakravarty@cgiar.org

%yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2016> thy;a+k; 18> ,jo; 4