,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
yP r h ,e; j pah jkpo; rpwg;gpjo; This issue in Tamil is a translated version of LEISA India magazine. This includes selected articles from LEISA India, originally published in English. Address : ame Foundation No. 204, 100 Feet Ring Road, 3rd Phase, Banashankari 2nd Block, 3rd Stage, Bangalore - 560 085, India Tel:
+91-080- 2669 9512, +91-080- 2669 9522
Fax:
+91-080- 2669 9410
E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in
Leisa India Chief Editor : K.V.S. Prasad Managing Editor : T.M. Radha
yPrh vd;gJ Fiwe;j ntspapL nghUs; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. Rw;Wr;RoYf;F cfe;j topfspy; cw;gj;jpiaAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; ngUf;f tpUk;Gk; coth;fSf;F njhopw;El;g kw;Wk; r%f hPjpapyhd tha;g;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;Ffis msTld; gad;gLj;jp Njitg;gLk; NghJ ghJfhg;ghd msT ntspaPL nghUl;fis jpwd;gl ifahs;tjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; coth;fis> me;j r%fj;ij Ragyk; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rf;jp kpf;fth;fshfTk; khw;wp mjd;%yk; mth;fspd; vjph;fhyj;ij jq;fs; nrhe;j mwpT> jpwik>kjpg;gL P > fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis mikf;f cjTtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ khwptUk; #oy;fs; kw;Wk; NjitfSf;F Vw;g coth;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju gq;Fjhuh;fspd; jpwikfs;> gq;Nfw;G mZFKiwfs; %yk; gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk;> mwptpay; g+h;tkhd mwpitAk; ,izj;J mjd;%yk; nfhs;if cUthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp vjph;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;FtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ xU fUj;J> xU mZFKiw kw;Wk; tpNtfkhd nra;jp.
Translated by Suresh Kanna. K Translation coordination Poornima Administration Rukmini G. G. Design and Layout M.S. Vasanth Christopher Printing L.S. Graphic Prints, Chennai Cover photo Woman farmer showing her tomato produce in Kolar Different editions • Regional Editions Telugu, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi and Oriya • Farming Matters The Global edition in English • LEISA Revista de Agroecologia The Latin American edition in Spanish • LEISA India The Indian edition in English • AGRIDAPE The West African edition in French • Agriculturas, Experiencias em Agroecologia The Brazilian edition in Portuguese
The editors have taken every care to ensure that the contents of this magazine are as accurate as possible. The authors have ultimate responsibility, however, for the content of individual articles. The editors encourage readers to photocopy and circulate magazine articles.
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Supported by MISEREOR, Published by AME Foundation yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 34 • nrg; brk;l gh;k;g2017 h; 2017
kpnrshpah; vd;gJ tsh;r;rp xj;Jiog;gpw;fhf> n[h;kdp ehl;by; cs;s fj; N jhypf; f ghjphpahh; f shy; 1958 Mk; Mz; b y; epWtg; g l; l Xh; epWtdkhFk;. kpnrshpah; fle;j 50 tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf Mg;gphpf;fh> Mrpah kw; W k; yj; j P d ; mnkhpf; f ehLfspy; Vo; i k xopg; g jw; f hd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jd;id mh;gzpj;J gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. kjk;> ehfhPfk;> ghypdk; vd;w ve;j NtWghby;yhky; kdpj Fyj;jpd; Njitf;F jdJ cjtpia mspj;J tUfpwJ. Vio kw;Wk; gpd;jq;fpa kf;fs;> jhq;fshf Jtf;Fk; ve;j xU Kaw;rpf;Fk; MjuT nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;GfpwJ. cs;@h; $l;lhspfSld;> Fwpg;ghf fpUj;Jt Nfhapy;fNshL njhlh;Gila epWtdq;fs;> muR rhuh epWtdq;fs;> r%f ,af;fq;fs;> Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;NwhL ,ize;J gzpahw;Wtij tpUk;GfpwJ. gadhspfNshL ,ize;J> mjd; $l;lhspfs; cs;@h; ts Nkk;ghl;L Kiwfspy; cjtpAk;> jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jpAk; tUfpd;wdh;. ,t;topahfNt> kpnrshpah; jdJ $l; l hspfSld; ,ize; J njhlh; r ; r pahf khwptUk; rthy; f is vjph;nfhs;fpwJ. www.misereor.de; www.misereor.org V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Fiwe; j ntspapL nghUs; %yk; ,aw; i f ts Mjhuq; f s; Nkyhz; i kf; f hf ghuk; g hpa mwpitAk; > Gjpa fz; L gpbg; G njhopw; E l; g q; f isAk; xd; w pizj; J epiyj; j tho; t hjhug; gzpfis ngUf; F tjpy; <Lgl; L tUfpwJ. V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Ntshz; i kapy; khw;WfisAk;> mwpitAk; ngUf;FtjpYk;> gapw;rpfs; mspg;gjpYk;> tsh;r;rp gzpfspy; <Lgl;L tUk; epWtdq;fNshL njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;JtjpYk;> mDgtq;fis gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;> jf;fhz gPlg+kp gFjpfspy; rpW FW coth;fs; kj;jpapy; gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. V.vk;., epWtdk; Mh;tKs;s tptrhaf; FOf;fSld; gy fpuhkq;fspy; khw;W tptrha Kiwfis ngUf;fTk;> eilKiwg;gLj;jTk; gzp nra;J tUfpwJ. ,e;j gFjpfs; ,aw;if Ntshz; Kiwfis nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpf;Fk; kw; W k; eilKiwg; g Lj; j p nfhz; L tUk; jd; d hh; t f; FOf; f s; kw; W k; $l;likg;GfSf;F fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ,lq;fshfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. www.amefound.org
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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
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v];Fnyd;lk;) Ngatiu (nrd;dh xf;rpnld;lhyp];) nlf;iu (nrd;dh Nlhuh) Nghd;w jhtuq;fis Nrfhpg;gjw;fhf rpwg;G gazq; f s; Nkw; n fhs; s g; g Lfpd; w d. mNj Neuj;jpy; ty;yhiu (nrd;nly;yh Vrpahbf;fh) Gspahiu (Mf;rhyp]; fhh;dpFNll;lh) fPohney;yp (gpy;yhd;j]; a+hpdhhpah) Nghd;w cz;zf;$ba gFjpfis nfhLf;Fk; tiffis rhjhuzkhf NghFk; gazq;fspy; Nrfhpg;gJ. ,e;j 27 tiffSk; Cl;lr;rj;Jfs; epiwe;jit vd;gij ngUk;ghyhd FLk;gq;fs; njhpe;J itj; j pUg; g ij ,q; F Fwpg; g pl Ntz; L k; . ,Ug; g pDk; ; > Nfush td Ma; T epWtdk; mz;ikapy; Nkw;nfhz;l rpy Kaw;rpfs; tiu> ,jpy; cs;s Cl;lr;rj;J tptuq;fs; Fwpj;j mwptpay; Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. ,e;j 11 tif nghJthd cz;zf;$ba gaph; jhtukpy; y hjitfspy; cs; s Cl; l r; r j; J tpguq;fs; ml;ltiz 1y; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Gujq;fs; clypd; tsh;r ;r pf;F k;> jpRf; fis guhkkhpf;fTk; kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahjit. ,e;jpa Njrpa Cl;lr;rj;J epWtdj;jpd; gb> xU jdp kdpjhpd; xU ehisa Gujr;rj;J NjitahdJ 60 fpuhk; MFk;. Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;tpy; xt;nthU tiffspd; cz;zf;$ba gFjpapy; cs;s 1 fpuhkpy; 19.3 kp. fp Kjy; 54.33 kp. fp tiu Gujr; rj;J cs;sJk;> eha;fLF (fpspNahk; tp]; N fhrh)> (bg; N srpak; v]; F nyd; l k; ) > hpKrhbah tptpnguh kw;Wk; nghd;dhq;fd;dp (My;lh;ed;juP h ngl;brpf;fpahdh) Nghd;wtw;wpy; mjpf msT Gujr;rj;J ,Ug;gJk; njhpa te;jJ. NkYk; ,e;j tiffspy; cs;s Gujr; rj;jhdJ nghJthf ehk; cz;zf;$ba fPiu tiffs;> kw;Wk; Kl;ilf;Nfh]; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,Ug;gij tpl mjpfk; fhzg;gLtJ fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. kdpj clypy; cs;s euk;Gfs; kw;Wk; %is rhpahf ,aq;Ftij vspjhf;f nfhOg;G rf;jpahdJ
cz;zf;$ba gaph; my;yhj jhtu tiffs; midj;Jk; gy Cl;lr;rj;Jfshd Gujk;> ehh;rr ; j;J> nfhOg;G> kw;Wk; jhJ cg;Gfs; ngWtjw;fhd ey;y Mjhuq;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. mitfspy; cs;s Cl;lr;rj;Jfs; nghJthf tzpfhPjpahf gaphplg;gl;L fpilf;Fk; fha;fwpfspy; ,Ug;gij tpl mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. 6
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
bg;Nsrpak; v];Fnyz;lk;
,Ug; G Mw; w yhf gad; g LfpwJ. nghJthf fPiufspy; nfhOg;G rf;jp kpfTk; Fiwthf fhzg;gLk;. 27 tiffspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;tpy; (hpKrhbah tptpnguh) kw;Wk; eha;fLF (fpspNahk; tp];Nfhrh) Nghd;wtw;wpy; mjpfgl;r msthf (xU fpuhkpy; 0.015 Kjy; 0.016 kp.fp ,Ue; j J. ,e; j cz; z f; $ ba gaph; my; y hj jhtu tiffspy; cs; s nfhOg; G fyit nghJthf fhzg;gLk; fha;fwpfSf;F ,izahf ,Ue;jJ. clYf; F k; nrhpkhd rf; j pia mspg; g jpy; ehh;r;rj;Jf;fs; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fshFk;. ,e;jpa Njrpa Cl;lr;rj;J epWtdj;jpy; cs;s ifNaLfspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sgb xU eghpd; xU ehs; ehh;r;rj;J Njit 28-35 fpuhk;. ,e;j Ma;tpy; cl;gLj;jg;gl;l midj;J tiffSk; ehh;r;rj;Jf;fis mspg;gjpy; rpwe;j %yhjhukhfTk;> mjpf gl;r msthf 1 fpuhk; bg;Nsrpak; v];Fnyd;lj;jpy; 49.8 kp.fp cs;sJ fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. ,q;qdk;> ,e;j cz;zf;$ba gaph; my;yhj jhtuq;fspy; ,Ue;J jahhpf;fg;gLk; 100 fpuhk; ,iyfspy; ekJ clYf;F Njitahd ehh;r;rj;Jf;fs; 9-12 tpOf;fhL tiu fpilf;fpwJ. kdpj clypy; cs;s jirfspd; ,af;fj;jpw;Fk; euk;Gfs; ,af;fj;jpw;Fk; jpdrhp 1 fpuhk; msT fhy; r pak; rj; J kpfTk; ,d; w paikahjJ. N kw;n fhs;sg;gl;l Ma;tpy; bg; N srpak; v];FNyl;lk; kw;Wk; lhypdk; Fd;dpNghypak;
18 kp.fp MFk;. ,e;j 27 tiffspy;> lhypdk; Fd;dpNghypak; mjpf msT ,Uk;Gr; rj;jhf 1 fpuhkpw;F 0.8 kp.fp cs;sJ.
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lhypdk; Fd;dpNghypak;
Nghd;wit fhy;rpak; rj;J mjpf msthf 1 fpuhkpw;F 12.6 Kjy; 13.3 kp.fp tiu cs;sJ. mNjNghy; ,uj;j tpUj;jpf;Fk;> gpuhz thAit flj;Jtjw;Fk; cjtpahf xU jdp kdpjUf;F jpdrhp fpilf; f Ntz; b a ,Uk; G r; rj; J
Mf> Ma;tpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l cz;zf;$ba gaph; my; y hj jhtu tiffs; midj; J k; gy Cl; l r; r j; J fshd Gujk; > ehh; r ; r j; J > nfhOg;G> kw;Wk; jhJ cg;Gfs; ngWtjw;fhd ey;y Mjhuq;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd vd;Wk;> mitfspy; cs;s Cl;lr;rj;Jfs; nghJthf tzpfhPjpahf gaphplg;gl;L fpilf;Fk; fha;fwpfspy; ,Ug;gij tpl mjpfk; fhzg; g LfpwJ. ,jpy; ngUk; g hd; i kahd tiffs; kUj;Jtg; gad;fSk; nfhz;Ls;sd. vdNt> ,itfis cz;gjd; %yk; nrytpd;wp Cl;lr;rj;jpd;ik vd;w gpur;ridia xopj; J tplyhk; . kf; f s; kj; j papy; Fiwthd jfty;fis nfhz;Ls;s ,e;j tifj; jhtuq;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpfis gutyhf;FtJk;> ,itfis njhlh; e ; J ghJfhg; g jd; %yk; ekJ caph; r ; # oiy ghJfhf; f Tk; > jhtu caph;gd;kaj;ij Nkk;gLj;jTk;> mNjNtisapy; fpuhkg;Gw gFjpfspy; czT kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;J cj;jputhjj;jpw;F ey;y gq;fspg;igAk; ngw KbAk;. U M Chandrashekara Scientist in charge Kerala Forest Research Institute Sub Centre, Nilambur P.O., Malappuram, Kerala – 679 329 E-mail: umchandra@rediffmail.com %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> [_d; 2016> thy;a+k; 18> ,jo; 2
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
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Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; Fwpj;j mwpit fl;likg;gJ Kiwahf Mtzg;gLj;Jtjd; jhf;fk; Nf. tp. v];. gpurhj; Ntshz; caph; r ; # oy; Fwpj; j eilKiw mwpit gfph;e;J nfhs;tij Nkk;gLj;JtJ> nray; K iwfspy; jhf; f k; Vw; g Lj; J tJ> nray;Kiwfis mbg;gilahf nfhz;l nfhs; i f> Mjhuq; f is mbg; g ilahf nfhz; l tpthjk; kw; W k; Gjpa $l; L Kaw; r pfspd; tsh; r ; r p Nghd; w tw; w pw; F Kiwahf Mtzg;gLj;JtJ Kf;fpa gq; F tfpf; f pwJ. ,jid fpahf; fij tpsf;FfpwJ. caph;r;#oy; Ntshz;ik mwpthdJ ghuk;ghpa kw; W k; cs; @ h; mwptpd; Mjhuq; f shy; <h;ff ; g;gl;L> tptrhapfs; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; Ma;T kw;Wk; fz;Lgpbg;ghf> khw;WfSf;fhd mwpitAk;> me;je;j gFjpf;F nghUj;jkhd jP h ; T fisAk; Kd; n dLf; f pwJ. Ntshz; caph; r ; # oy; Fwpj; j mwpthdJ cs; @ h; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; kw;Wk; mjid gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; $h; i kg; g Lj; j g; g LfpwJ. mg; g bahd mwpit epiyj;j Ntshz; czT Kiwfs; kw; w k; tho; t hjhuq; f is Cf; F tpg; g jw; f hf nghpa mstpy gad;gLtjw;F> mtw;iw gfph;eJ ; nfhs;StJ kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahjJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mwpT cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; gutyhf;Fk; rq;fpypapy; xU gytPdkhd njhlh;G vd;gJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l gpd;dzpapy; cs;s nray;Kiwfs;> ghh; i t kw; W k; gbg; g pidfis Kiwahf Mtzg;gLj;Jk; Ntiyjhd;. Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; njhlh;ghd nray;ghLfspy; mJ njhlh;ghd mwpitg; ngw;wpUf;Fk; tptrhapfs; kw; W k; me; j topKiwfis Nkk; g Lj; J k; gzpfspy; cs;s mbkl;l fsq;fspy; gzp nra;Ak; epWtdq;fs; gy Neuq;fspy; me;j mDgtq;fis Mtzg;gLj;Jk; jpwid Fiwthf ngw;wpUg;gh;. vdNt> mwpit Mtzg;gLj;JtjpYk;> mjid nghJ jsq;fspy; gfph;e;J nfhs;Sk; tifapy;> mtw;iw topelj;Jk; epWtdq;fspd; jpwikia Nkk;gLj;JtJ kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahjjhfpwJ. ,e;j gpd;dzpapy;> V.vk;. ,. gTz;Nlrd; mjd; yPrh ,e;jpa jpl;lj;jpd; topNa mjd; $l;likg;G epWtdq;fSf;F mwpT xUq;fpize;j 8
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
cUthf;fj;ij gyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;> gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; xU Kaw;rpapid Mtzg; g Lj; J jy; kw; W k; jfty; g Lj; J jy; jpl; l j; j pd; %yk; rpe; j pj; j J. yP r h ,e; j pa $l;likg;G vd;gJ xj;jf; fU j; Jil a jd; d hh; t f; FOf; f s; kw; W k; jdp egh; f s; ,ize;J Ntshz; caph;r# ; oy; nray;Kiwfis elj; j p nry; t jw; f hd nghJthd fUj; J k; > ,ize;j njhiyNehf;F ghh;itAk; nfhz;l mikg;ghFk;. jq;fis gyg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;w gykhd Mh;tj;jpd; ,af;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf> yPrh ,e;jpah $l;likg;G cWg;gpdh;fs; 2 tUl fhyk; Mtzg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; jfty;gLj;Jjy; jpl;lj;jpy; gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhz;ldh;. 2003-2005 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; eilngw;w ,e;j jpl;lj;ij yPrh ,e;jpah FO> nejh;yhe;J ehl;bd; ,ypah mikg;gpd; MNyhridfspd; gb topelj;jpaJ. cWg;G epWtdq;fspy; Mtzg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; jfty;gLj;Jjy; gzpia Kjd;ikg;gLj;jTk;>
jPtpug;gLj;jTk; mjw;fhd topKiwfs; kw;Wk; nray; K iwfspy; ftdk; nrYj; J tJ jhd; Kf;fpa ftdkhf ,Ue;jJ. fPo;f;Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s mDgtkhdJ $l; l ikg; g pd; cWg; g pdh; f spy; xd; w hdJ. ,jpy; mwpT gfph;tjpy; jpwd;tsh;g;G> mwpT xUq; f pizg; G Nkk; g hL kw; W k; mwpit gad; g Lj; J tjpy; cs; s Nkk; g hL Nghd; w mk;rq;fis vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ.
jpl;lk; ,e;j ,uz;L tUl Mtzg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; jfty; g Lj; J jy; jpl; l khdJ 2003 - 2005 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. jpl; l j; j pd; nray; g hLfspy; jfty; Njly; > Mtzg; g Lj; J jy; kw; W k; jfty; g Lj; J jy; jiyg;Gfspy; fUj;juq;Ffs;> rPuha;T kw;Wk; jpl; l kply; $l; l q; f s; > fsg; g zpfs; kw; W k; Ntiyfs; mlq; F k; . jpl; l j; j py; gq; N fw; w epWtdq;fs; mth;fSf;Fs; egh;fis milahsk; fz; L Mtzg; g Lj; J k; topKiwfSf; F Kd; D hpik mspj; J nray; g Ltw; F cWjp vLj;Jf; nfhz;L> ,Wjpapy; ,e;j jpl;lj;ij epWtdj;jpd; jpl;l nray;ghLfNshL ,izj;J nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lJ. ,jw;fhf $l;likg;gpd; cWg;G epWtdq;fs; xU Mz;by; 200 Ntiy ehl;fs; gzpahsh; Neuj;ij xJf;fp> fUj;juq;fpy; gq;F ngWtJ kw;wk; mjd; gpd; eilKiwg; g Lj; j Ntz; b a Mtzg; g Lj; j Ntz; b a gzpfs; kw; W k; mtw; i w gfph; e ; J nfhs;Sk; Ntiyfspy; <LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. yP r h ,e; j pah FO> ,ypahTld; ,ize; J $l; l ikg; G epWtdq; f Sf; F Njitahd midj; J tifahd MjuT kw; w k; jpl; l cjtpfis nra;jJ.
mZFKiw ,e;j jpl;lk; %d;W tpjkhd mZFKiwfis mbg; g ilahf nfhz; b Ue; j J. gq; N fw; G Kiwapy; fw;wy;> fw;w tpraq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ kw;Wk; gbg;gpidfisAk;> jpl;l ntspg;ghLfisAk; njhlh;e;J rPuha;T kw;Wk; jpl;lkpLjypy; <LgLtJ.
epWtdj;jpd; jw;Nghija Kf;fpa topKiwfspy; Mtzg;gLj;Jjy; Kiwg;gbAk;> njhlh; r ; r pahfTk; jpl; l kplg; g l; l J xU Kf; f pakhf gbg; g pid. ,y; y htpl; l hy; cz;ikahf jfty;fs; gy;NtW epiyfspy; epidtpy; ,Ue;J mope;jpUf;Fk; - fpahf; gzpahsh;
fs mstpy; Ntshz; i k jfty; f NshL gzp nra;Ak; gq;Nfw;ghsh;fspd; gy; N tW mDgtq; f spy; ,Ue; J gq; N fw; G Kiwapy; fw;Fk; #oiy Vw;gLj;JtJ xU mZFKiwahFk; . FOthf fw; F k; topKiwfNshL jdp egh;fspd; NtiyfSk; mth; f spd; epWtdj; j pd; Kd; D hpikfspd; mbg; g ilapy; tbtikf; f g; g l; l J. if kP J fpilj;j gbg;gpidfs; ed;F gpurpj;jp ngw;w kw;Wk; nghpa mstpy; mDgtKila Mjhu egh; f NshL xUq; f pizf; f g; g l; L mth; f s; me; j g; gzpapy; Njitahd njspT kw; W k; mjw;F kjpg;Gf; $l;bAk; nfhLg;gh;. ,t;thW> ,e;j fUj;Jg;gl;liwfs; eilKiwapy; cs;s mDgtq; f s; > jpwikfs; kw; W k; FOtplk; ,Uf;Fk; jpwikfs; Nghd;wtw;iw jpl;lj;jpd; topKiwfspy; xt;nthU epiyapYk; cz;ikapy; fl;bnaLg;gjw;F cjtpaJ. ,uz;lhtjhf> kw;WnkhU Kf;fpakhd mZFKiwahdJ> gbg; g pidfis me; j epWtdq;fSf;Fs;Ns Fwpg;gpl;l gq;Nfw;ghshpd; Ntiyahf eilKiwg; g Lj; j tJ. NkYk; > xt;nthU epWtdj;jpy; cs;s egiu Njitg;gLk; gpd;dzp kw;Wk; jpwikfSf;fhd fUj;juq;Ffspy; gq;Nfw;f itg;gJ> Ntiyfis njhlh;eJ ; nra;tJk; kw;wth;fis gapw;Wtpg;gJk; me;j epWtdj;jpy; cs;s Mtzg;gLj;Jjy; kw; W k; jfty; g Lj; J jypy; cs; s Kf; f pa jpwikfis fl;likg;gjw;F cjTfpwJ. ,J gq; N fw; g hshpd; fw; w y; Kaw; r pfs; kw; W k; epWtdj;jpd; mDgtq;fis nghJ ntspapy; gfph;e;J nfhs;tij fhl;LfpwJ. %d; w htjhf> epWtdj; j pd; cWjpg; g hl; b d; mbg; g ilapy; Njitahd ftdk; kw; W k; fLikahd Nghf; F Nghd; w it ,ize; j jpl; l kply; kw; W k; rP u ha; T topKiwfNshL xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;lJ. rPuha;T $l;lq;fspy; epWtdq;fspy; jiyth;fs; gzpahsh;fNshL Nrh;e;J gq;nfLj;jJ mth;fSf;F jpl;lj;jpd; Nky; cs;s <Lghl;il kl;Lky;yhJ> rPuha;it cz;ikahf elj;jTk;> jpl;lj;jpw;F Njitahd MjuTfs; kw;Wk; <Lghl;il cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ.
fpahf; mDgtk; fpahf; (Nfhuhf;g+h; Rw;Wr;#oy; nray;ghl;Lf; FO) vd;gJ fpof;F cj;jpugpuNjr khepyj;jpy; Nfhuhf;g+h; khtl;lj;;jpy; cs;s vio kw;Wk; tpspk;G epiyapy; cs;s tptrha r%fj;jpd; epiyj; j tsh; r ; r pf; f hf gzpahw; W k; xU jd; d hh; t j; njhz; L epWtdkhFk; . fpahf; epWtdk; cj; j pug; gpuNjrk; kw; W k; tl ,e;jpahtpd; kw;w gFjpfspy; cs;s jd;dhh;t yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
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njhz; L epWtdq; f is cWg; g pdh; f shf nfhz; L Muha; r ; r p> tf; f hyj; J thq; F jy; kw; W k; $l; l ikg; G Nghd; w gzpfSf; f hf mq; f P f hpf; f g; g l; l ikakhf cs; s J. (www. geagindia.org) fpahf; Kd; G V.vk; . , NahL ,ize;J fle;j fhyq;fspYk; fsg;gzpfspy; <Lgl; L s; s J. 1990-92 Mk; Mz; L fspy; caph;r;#oy; Ntshz;ikapy; V.vk;. , epWtdj;jplk; fpahf; gapw;rp vLj;Jf; nfhz;lJ vd;w $Ljy; tptuj;ij fpahf; epWtdj;jpd; jiyth; Kidth;. rpuh]; thrp> njhptpf;fpwhh;. 2002 Mk; Mz; b y; cUthd $l; l ikg; g py; xU cWg; g pduhd fpahf; 2003-2005 Mk; Mz; L fspy; gpuj; j pNafkhf epakpf; f g; g l; l gzpahsUf;F eilngw;w Mtzg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; jfty;gLj;Jjy; jpl;l topKiwfspy; gq;nfLj;jJ. tphpthf;f Nritfis gyg; g Lj; J tjpy; ngz; f spd; gq; F vd; w fUj;jhf;fj;ij fpahf; Kd;ndLj;jJ. jfty; Nrfhpj;jy;> Mtzg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; jfty;gLj;Jjy; vd %d;W fUj;Jg;gl;liwfs; tbtikf;fg;gl;ld. etk;gh; 2003 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w jfty; Nrfhpg;G njhlh;ghd Kjy; fUj;Jg;gl;liwf;F gpwF mjd; gpd; njhlh; Ntiyahf ‘fpof;F cj;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpy; Ntshz; tphpthf;fj;jpy; ngz;fspd; gq;nfLg;G vd;w jiyg;gpy; xU fl;Liuia fpahf; jahh; nra;jJ. 2004 Mz;L; gpg;uthp khjk; eilngw;w Mtzg;gLj;Jjy; njhlh;ghd ,uz;lhtJ fUj;Jg;gl;liwapy; me; j fl; L iu gq; N fw; g hsh; f shYk; > gapw; r p Mjhu egh;fshYk; ed;F Muhag;gl;lJ. ,J fpahf; mjpy; tpLgl;l tpraq;fs;> njsptpy;yhj tpraq;fs; Nghd; w tw; i w njspTgLj; j cjtpaJ. ,e; j fUj; J g; g l; l iwfs; > jdp egh; f spd; Kaw; r pfis FOthfTk; > gapw; r p Mjhu egh;fshy; jPtpukhf Ma;T nra;ag;gl;lJ. fUj;Jg;gl;liwapy; fpilf;fg; ngw;w gbg;gpidfspd; mbg;gilapy; fpahf; fl;Liuia kPz;Lk; jpUj;jp Kbe;jtiu KOikg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; <Lgl; l J. jpUj; j paikf; f g; g l; l fl;Liuia mbg;gilahf nfhz;L mjpypUe;J gy; N tW jfty; nghUl; f s; nfhz; L tu Kaw;rpfs; jfty;gLj;Jjy; njhlh;ghf nrg; l k; g h; 2004 Mk; Mz; L eilngw; w fUj;Jg;gl;liwapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,e;j fUj;Jg;gl;liwapy; ftdk; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;l tpraq;fis Fwpg;gpl;l jfty;fshf mjw;F chpa ,yf;F kf;fSf;F jfty;gLj;Jtjw;F cfe; j rhjdq; f s; kw; W k; Clfq; f spy; 10
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
nfhz; L tUtjw; f hd jpwd; f s; Fwpj; J gapw;rpaspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e; j fUj; J g; g l; l iwapy; fpilf; f g; ngw; w gbg; g pidfspd; mbg; g ilapy; > “tptrha epyq;fspd; Nky; ngz;fSf;F cs;s chpikfs; “ vd;w fUj;ij ikag;gLj;jp xU RtNuhl;bAk;> fpuhkq; f spy; nghpa mstpy; tpopg; G zh; T Vw; g Lj; j Mtzg; g lk; xd; i wAk; fpahf; jahhpj;jJ. ,e;j jpl;lk; fpahf; gzpahsh;fSf;F Mtzg; g Lj; J jy; kw; W k; jfty; g Lj; J jy; njhlh;ghf gy;NtW mk;rq;fspy; jpwidAk; mwpitAk; ntw;wpfukhf tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;s cjtpaJ. gy; N tW ghh; i tfs; > cz; i kfs; kw; W k; ghpzhkq; f spy; (r%f> njhopw; E l; g kw;Wk; kdpj) ey;y njspit ngw cjtp> xU Fwpg;gpl;l mDgtj;jpy; my;yJ topKiwapy; KOtJkhf jahhpg;gij cs;slf;fpaJ.
gpur;rhuj;jpw;F xU fUtpahf cjtpaJ ,e;j fUj;Jg;gl;liwfs; cUthf;fp nfhLj;j Ntfj; i j fpahf; NkYk; xU mb vLj; J jf;f itj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. mth;fspd; ,e;j ‘tphpthf;f Nritia gyg;gLj;Jtjpy; ngz; f spd; gq; F ” vd; w Mtzg; g ilg; G tf;fhyj;J thq;Ftjw;fhd xU rpwe;j fUtpahf gad;gLj;Jtjw;F ey;y tuNtw;G fpilj;jJ. mth;fs; mjid xU nfhs;if Mtzkhf jahhpj; J cj; j pug; g puNjr khepy murpd; Ntshz; Jiw Kjd;ik nrayhshplk; gfph;e;J nfhz;ldh;. kz;ly kw;Wk; khepy mstpy; eilngw;w Ntshz; tphpthf;fj;jpy; ngz;fs; gpur;ridfs; njhlh;ghd tpthjq;fs; epfOk; NghJ Kf;fpakhd Mtzkhf nfhLf;fg;gl;L tpthjpf; f g; g l; l J. Ntshz; tphpthf; f j; j py; ngz;fspd; mtyepiy kw;Wk; gpur;ridfs; mq;fPhpf;fg;gl;L tphpthf;fg; gzpfspy; ngz; tptrhapfspd; gq; F mq; f P f hpf; f g; g l; L kpf Kf;fpa nfhs;if khw;wk; Vw;gl top tFj;jJ. ,e;j Mtzg;gilg;gpd; njhFg;G fsmstpy; nra;a Ntz;ba gzpfs; Fwpj;J milahsk; fhzTk; mjw;fhd NjitiaAk; Kd;dpWj;J> cj;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpy; 2006 Mk; Mz;L ngz; tptrhapfs; chpikfs; Fwpj;j gpur;rhuj;jpw;F J}z; b aJ. ,J 200 jd; d hh; t j; njhz; L epWtdq; f s; kw; W k; r%f mikg; G fs; vd cj; j pug; g puNjrj; j py; 70 khtl; l q; f spy; 5 kz;lyq;fspy; eilngw;wJ. ,e;j gpur;rhuk; khepy kw;Wk; Njrpa mstpy; mq;ff P hpf;fg;gl;L Kf;fpa khw;wq;fshf cj;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpy; rl;l
jpl;lq;fspy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl top tFj;jJ vd;fpwhh;> fpahf; mikg;gpd; Kidth;. rpuh]; thrp ,jd; ntspg; g hlhf tptrha ngz; f is ftdj; j py; nfhs; S k; tifapy; xU jghy; jiy ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,itfs; midj;Jk; Ntshz; i kapy; ngz; f s; vd; w Mz; L gpur;rhuj;jpw;F mbj;jskhf mike;jJ. ,e;j ntspg;ghl;bdhy; <h;ff ; g;gl;L ngz; tptrhapfs; vd;w fUj;jhf;fj;ij xl;b Gjpa Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk; jpl;lq;fs; Jtf;fg;gl;ld. mjd; njhlh; r ; r pahf > fpahf; epWtdj; j py; Mtzg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; jfty;gLj;Jjypy; mjd; vz;zpf;ifapYk;> juj;jpYk; kpfg; nghpa vOr;rp Vw;gl;lJ. ,J mjpfkhf ntspaplg;gl;l jfty;fs; jpul;Lfs; kw;Wk; epWtdj;ij gw;wpa rkh;g;gpy;> mjd; juk; kw;Wk; cs;slf;fj;jpy; Vw; g l; l Nkk; g hLfs; Mjhukhf tpsq; f pd. NkYk; nghJ jsq;fspy; mDgtg; gfph;tpy; Nkk;gLj;j vLf;fg;gl;l Kaw;rpfs; epiwa Gjpa tsh;rr ; p jpl;lq;fSf;F cjTk; tifapy; Kbit je;jJ. ,jw; F Kd; d h; > fpahf; cs; @ h; nra; j pfs; kw;Wk; fz;Lgpbg;Gfis ikag;gLj;;jp jq;fsJ nrhe;j nra;jpklyhf `pe;jp nkhopapy; tRe;juh ntspaplg;gl;lJ. mjd; gpwF fpahf; ,e;jpa nkhopfspy; mjpf kf;fis nrd;W milAk; tifapy; mjpf kf; f s; NgRk; nkhopahd `pe; j papy; nra; j pkly; f is ntspapLtjpy; Kd;Nd <LgLk; tifapy; tsh;r;rp mile;jJ. (ngl;b nra;jp 1 I ghh;f;fTk;). jw;NghJ fpahf; yP r h ,e; j pah `pe; j p kliyAk; cs; s lf; f p %d;W nra;jpkly;fisAk;> 15 tz;zkakhd Mz;L mwpf;iffs; kw;Wk; Ma;Tfs;> Muha;r;rp fl;Liufs;> Gj;jfq;fs;>jpl;lq;fs; njhlh; g hd Fwpg; g pl; l fUj; j hf; f jhs; f s; kw; W k; Mtzg; g lq; f s; vd 400 tifahd Mtzq;fis ntspapl;Ls;sJ.
gFg;gha;T kw;Wk; KbTiu gpur;rhuq;fis kw;Wk; Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; Nkk; g hLfSf; f hd tsh; r ; r p jpl; l q; f is `pe;jp NgRk; tl ,e;jpa gFjpfspy; Kd;ndLg;gjpy; fpahf; Kd;dzp $l;likg;ghf , U e; Js ; s J kw ;W k; j w ;Ng hJk; , Ue ;J tUfpwJ. 2003-05 Mk; Mz;by; eilngw;w jpwd; Nkk;ghl;L gapw;rp jpl;lq;fs; mjw;Fhpa Nehf;fj;ijAk;> njhiyNehf;F ghh;itiaAk;> Mtzg;gLj;JtjpYk;> epiwa Nghplk; nrd; w iltjpYk; kpfg; n ghpa cj; N tfj; i j mspj;Js;sJ. ,jd; jhf;fk; mth;fs; ey;y
yPrh ,e;jpah - `pe;jp kly; u
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fh;gG; w Ntshz; nray;ghLfs; kw;Wk; gUtepiyia e vjph; n fhs; S k; Ntshz; Kiwia Nkk; g Lj; j cjtpahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
jukhd jfty;fs; gFg;gha;tpYk;> njhFg;gpYk;> gfph;eJ ; nfhs;tjpYk; ntspg;gLfpwJ. fsj;jpy; vd;d eilngw;W tUfpwJ vd;gij Nrfhpg;gjpy;> nfhs;iffspy; jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;> Gjpa tsh; r ; r p jpl; l q; f is Jtf; F tjpy; (cjhuzj;jpw;F efh;Gw Ntshz;ik> gUtepiy khw;wj;jpw;F cs;@h; eilKiwfs;)> fy; t p epWtdq; f s; kw; W k; muR jpl; l q; f s; Nghd;wtw;wpy; eilngWk; tpthjq;fs; vd ,e;j epWtdk; kpfg; n ghpa mstpy; Mjhuq; f is ntspg; g Lj; j pAs; s J. yP r h ,e; j pah `pe; j p kliy ntspapLtjd; %yk;> gbg;gwptpy;yhj r%fq;fSf;F cs;@h; nkhopapd; thapyhf Ntshz; caph; r ; # oy; eilKiwfisAk; ; > FLk; g Ntshz; ,af; f q; f Sk; mth; f is nrd;wilAk; gzpia fpahf; gpugyg;gLj;jp tUfpwJ. K V S Prasad Executive Director, AME Foundation, Bangalore - 560085 www.amefound.org E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> nrg;lk;gh; 2016> thy;a+k; 18> ,jo; 3
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
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mq;ff Ntshz;ikia Cf;Ftpf;f epWtdq;fspd; xd;W $ly; v];. ts;sy; fz;zd;> gp. Mde;j g;hpah kw;Wk; gp. jkpo;r;nry;tp mq;ff Ntshz;ikia Cf;Ftpf;f Ntshz; i kapy; gzpahw; W k; Kf; f pa epWtdq;fs; jq;fspd; $l;Lr; nray;ghLfspd; topahf Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd. f&hpy; cs;s Ntshz; mwptpay; ikak; jdJ gy; epWtd mZFKiwapd; %yk; f&h; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s tptrhapfs; Ntshz;ikapy; mq;ff rhFgb Kiwf;F khWtjw;Fk; mijNahl;b mth;fspd; epfu tUkhdj;ij> gz;izapy; Ntiytha;g;igAk; mjpfhpj;J> mth;fspd; jw;rhh;ig fl;bnaOg;gTk;; cjtp tUfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; mq;ff Ntshz; cw;gj;jpf;Fk;> re;ijg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; gue;j mstpy; rhj; j paf; $ Wfs; ,Ue; j NghjpYk; > mjd; cw; g j; j p> rhd; w psg; g J kw; W k; Vw; W kjpapy; mjd; rhjidfs; gy; N tW fhuzq; f shy; kpfTk; Fiwthf cs;sJ. Fwpg;gpl;l juq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;fhd NghJkhf fy;tp ,y;yhjjhYk;> Mh;tKila tptrhapfSf; F mq; f f Kiwfs; Fwpj; j nra;jpfs; njhpahjJ> Njitfs; kw;Wk; re;ij epytuq; f s; vspjpy; fpilf; f g; ngwhjJ> mq;ff Ntshz;ik Fwpj;Jk;> mq;ff Ntshz; czTg; nghUl;fs; Fwpj;J Efh;Nthh; kj;jpapy; Nghjpa tpopg;Gzh;T ,y;yhjJ> tpdpNahfj;jpy; mjpfg;gbahFk; nrytpdq;fs;> tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; MNyhrfh;fs; kj;jpapy; Ma;T KbTfis Mtzg; g Lj; J tjpYk; > gutyhf; F tjpYk; jpwd;gb nra;ahjjpdhYk;> Ma;Tfs; Fwpj;j eilKiw tpsf; f q; f s; Fiwthf ,Ug; g J vd;gJ Nghd;;wit fhuzq;fspy; rpythFk;.
epWtdk; ika mZFKiw
fpuhkg;Gw gq;Nfw;G Ma;T kw;Wk; FO tpthjq;fspd; NghJ> f&hpy; cs;s Ntshz; mwptpay; ikak; f&h; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s mq;ff Ntshz; Kiw rhFgb nra;Ak; tptrhapfs; Nkw; n fhs; S k; gpur; r idfis milahsk; fz;lJ. mtw;wpy; Fiwthd cw;gj;jpj; jpwd;> Ntshz; fopTfis Kiwg; g b kWRow; r p nra;ahjJ> kpfTk; Fiwthd tpiy> cs;@h; re;ijfs; ,y;yhjJ> mq;ff Ntshz;ik gw;wpa jfty;fs; kw;Wk; mwptpd;ik Nghd;witfs; mlq;Fk;. mq;ff Ntshz;ikia Cf;Ftpf;f> cw; g j; j pj; jpwid mjpfhpf; f > kw; W k; rpW tptrhapfSf;F FO rhd;wpjo; ngw cjTtJ
,aw;if Ntshz;ikia khtl;lj;jpy; Nkk; g Lj; J tjw; F f&hpy; cs; s Ntshz; mwptpay; ikak; epWtd hPjpahd mZFKiwAld; nray;gLfpwJ. mjw;nfd cw; g j; j p njhlh; g hd tpraq; f spy; khepy Ntshz; gy;fiyf;fofq;fs; kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp epWtdq; f SlDk; > epjp cjtpf; F ,aw; i f Ntshz; i kf; f hd Njrpa ikaj; N jhLk; > mbg; g il juq; f s; kw; W k; juf; f l; L g; g hL> re;ijg;gLj;Jk; jfty;fs;> nfhs;Kjy; kw;Wk; njhopw;El;gq;fis gutyhf;fp kw;Wk; FOf;fs; mstpy; kf;fs; epWtdq;fis mikg;gjw;F> re; i jg; g Lj; J tjpy; <LgLk; epWtdq; f s;
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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
,aw;if tpisnghUl;fs; kw;Wk; njhopw; El;gq;fspd; fz;fhl;rp
vd me; j gFjpapy; cs; s tptrhapfSf; F jdJ gzpia f&hpy; cs;s Ntshz; mwptpay; ikak; njhlq;fpaJ. xj;j Ntshz; Kiw kw;Wk; g+Nfhs hPjpahf fpuhkq;fs; mUfUNf ,Ug;gijAk; nghUj;J mitfs; FOf; f shf mikf; f g; g l; l d. 63 FOf; f is cs; s lf; f pa 4 ngUq; F Of; f s; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. ,e;j ngUq;FOf;fspy; ney;> fUk;G> thio> epyf;fliy kw;Wk; rpWjhdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; Njhl;lf;fiy gaph;fshd fha;fwpfs;> kuts;sp kw;Wk; thio Mfpait ngUk;ghYk; gaphplg;gLfpwJ.
Nghd; w tw; N whL ,ize; J nray; g LfpwJ. xt; n thU epWtdj; j pw; F k; mit nra; a Ntz;ba gq;if nra;fpd;wd.
jpwd; tsh;j;jy; mwpT kw;Wk; jpwikfis Nkk;gLj;j gapw; r pfs; kw; W k; nray; K iw tpsf; f q; f s; eilngWfpd; w d. tptrhapfSf; F ,aw; i f Ntshz;ik Fwpj;Jk; mjpy; kz; ts Nkk;ghL> ,aw;if Ntshz;ikapd; mbg;gil mk; r q; f s; kw; W k; eilKiwfs; > ,aw; i f Ntshz; ,L nghUl; f s; jahhpg; g jw; f hd njhopy;El;gq;fs;> ,aw;if ts Mjhuq;fis gad;gLj;JtJk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if Ntshz;ik njhlh;ghd tpraq;fis Mtzg;gLj;JtJ> rhd;wpjo; ngWtJ kw;Wk; mWtilf;F gpe;jpa njhopy; El;gq;fs; vd gy;NtW jiyg;Gfspy; tptrhapfspd; tay;fspYk; kw;Wk; Ntshz; mwptpay; ika tshfj;jpYk; elj;jg;gLfpwJ. 2006-08 Mk; Mz;Lfwpy; 3402 tptrhapfs; Ntshz; mwptpay; ikaj; j pd; thapyhf gapw;rpaspf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;. ,LnghUl;fis gad;g Lj;JtijAk;> rhz vhpthAtpy; ,Ue; J fpilf; F k; fopTfis gad;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;Jk; nray;Kiw tpsf;fq;fs; nra;J fhz;gpf;fg;gl;ld. ,LnghUl;fspd; gad; Fwpj;j nray;Kiw tpsf;fq;fs; fhrPahghj;jpy; cs; s ,aw; i f Ntshz; i kf; f hd Njrpa gapw;rp ikaj;jpd; epjp cjtpAld; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,aw;if ,LnghUl;fs; jahhpg;gpw;fhf %d;W nray;Kiw tpsf;fq;fs; tlNrhp> Mh;r;rk;gl;b> kw;Wk; Kjiyg;gl;b Nghd;w fpuhkq;fspy; ney;> ntz; i l kw; W k; thio Nghd; w gaph; f spy; nra; J fhz; g pf; f g; g l; l J. ,J tptrhapfs; kj;jpapy; ,aw;if Ntshz; cw;gj;jp njhlh;ghd njhopw;El;gq;fs; Fwpj;Jk;> kw;w tptrhapfs; ,e;j njhopw;El;gq;fis ghpNrhjid mstpy; Fiwe;j msT epyg;gug;gpy; nra;J ghh;g;gjw;Fk; ek;gpf;ifia cUthf;fpaJ. caph; cuq;fs;> ,aw;if g+r;rp tpul;bfs; (mNrh];ighpy;yk;> gh]; N gh ghf; B hpah> #NlhNkhd]; kw; W k; biuf;Nfhnlh;kh)> caph; fl;Lg;ghl;L caphpfs; (biuf; N fhfpuhk; k h [g; g hdpf; f k; > biuf; N fhfpuk; k h ifNyhdp]; ) > gRe; j hs; cug;gaph;fs; (rzg;G> jf;ifg;g+z;L> vUf;F> Mthiu> nfhopQ; r p) kw; W k; fhy; e ilia mbg; g ilahf nfhz; l kw; W k; tsh; r ; r p Cf; f pfs; (gQ; r fhtpah> mkph; j fiury; > kz;GO cuk;> kz;GO cu jputk;> kPd; fiury; kw;Wk; gof;fiury;fs;) nghwpfs; kw;Wk; jhtu kw; W k; Cl; l Nkw; w pa cuq; f s; Nghd; w it tptrhapfSf;F mspf;fg;gl;lJ.
rhz vhpthA fopTfis kw; W k; ,aw; i f ,LnghUl;fis gad;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ghf nray; K iw tpsf; f q; f s; elj; j g; g l; l J. fhrpahghj;jpy; cs;s ,aw;if Ntshz;ikf;fhd Njrpa ikaj;jpd; epjp cjtpNahL ,aw;if ,LnghUl; f s; gad; g Lj; J tJ njhlh; g hf nray;Kiw tpsf;fq;fs; elj;jg;gl;ld. ,aw;if ,LnghUl; f s; gad; g Lj; J tJ njhlh; g hf %d;W nray;Kiw tpsf;fq;fs; ney;> ntz;il kw; W k; thio Nghd; w gaph; f spy; KiwNa tlNrhp> Mh; r ; r hk; g l; L kw; W k; Kjiyg; g l; b Nghd; w fpuhkq; f spy; elj; j g; g l; l J. ,J tptrhapfs; kj;jpapy; ,aw;if Kiw cw;gj;jp njhopy; E l; g q; f s; Fwpj; j ek; g pf; i fia nfhLj;jNjL kw;w tptrhapfSk; ghpNrhjid Kiwapy; Fiwe;j epyg;gug;gpy; ,aw;if Kiw cw;gj;jp njhopy;El;gq;fis filgpbf;f xg;Gf; nfhz;ldh;. ,aw;if ,LnghUl;fshf caph; cuq; f s; kw; W k; ,aw; i f g+r; r p tpul; b fs; (mNrh]; i ghpy; y k; > gh]; N gh ghf; B hpah> #NlhNkhd]; kw;Wk; l;iuf;Nfhlh;kh) caphpay; fl; L g; g hl; L caphpfshf (biuf; N fhfpuk; k h Ig;ghdpf;fk;> biuf;Nfhfpuk;kh ifNyhdp];)> gRe;jhs; cuq;fs; (rzg;G> jf;iff;g+z;L> vUf;F> Mthiu kw;Wk; nfhopQ;rp) kw;Wk; fhy;eil fopT cuq;fs; kw;Wk; tsh;rr ; p Cf;fpfs; (gQ;rfhtpah> mkph; j fiury; > kz; G O cuk; > kz; G O cuf; fiury;> kPd; mkpyk;> gof;fiury;) nghwpfs;> jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; gy;NtW Cl;lNkw;wpa cuq;fs; tptrhapfSf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. Cl; l Nkw; w pa rhz vhpthA fopTfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;J Ie;J ,lq;fspy; nray;Kiw tpsf;fq;fs; vs;> #hpafhe;jp kw;Wk; epyf;fliy gaph; f spy; nra; J fhz; g pf; f g; g l; l d. rhz vhpthA fopthdJ jior;rj;ij epiyepWj;Jk; kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fis fiuj;Jf; nfhLf;Fk; ghf; B hpa kw; W k; g+Q; r hdq; f is nfhz; L Cl;lNkw;wg;gl;lJ. NkYk; mjd; gad;ghLfs; kw; w ,LnghUl; f NshL Nrh; j ; J nray; Kiw tpsf;fq;fs; nra;J fhz;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fspj;jiy kw;Wk; flT+h; xd;wpaj;jpy; cs;s GONjhp> rPj;jg;gl;b> tlNrhp> jufk;gl;b kw;Wk; Mh; . b. kiy Nghd; w gFjpfis Nrh; e ; j tptrhapfs; ,e;j nray;Kiw tpsf;fq;fspy; gq;NfLj;jdh;.
tpopg;Gzh;r;rp gutyhf;fk; fz;fhl;rpfs;> Clfq;fis gq;Fngw nra;j epfo;Tfs; kw;Wk; fy;tp Rw;Wyh gazq;fs; Nghd; w it nghpa mstpy; tpopg; G zh; T Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf elj;jg;gl;ld. 2006 Kjy; 2008 Mk; Mz;L tiu 14 Kiw fs gazq;fs; elj; j g; g l; L ,aw; i f Ntshz; i k Fwpj; j yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
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fUj;Jf;fs; 760f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tptrhapfSf;F nfhz;L Nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ. 2006 Kjy; 2008 tiu 21 fz;fhl;rpfs; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; elj;jg;gl;L mjpy; tptrhapfs;> tptrha ngz;fs;> fpuhkg;Gw ,isQh; f s; > tphpthf; f g; gzpahsh; f s; v d fpl;lj;jl;l 20000 Ngh; gq;nfLj;jdh;. ,e;j fz;fhl;rpfs;> ,aw;if Ntshz;ik Fwpj;j tpopg;Gzh;Tk; kw;Wk; mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; f&h; khtl; l k; kw; W k; gpw khtl; l q; f spy; cs; s tptrha r%fq;fsplk; tphpthf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L> NkYk; ,aw;if tptrhapfs; kj;jpapYk;> ,aw;if tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; ,aw;if tpis nghUl;fis tpUk;Gk; Efh;Nthh; kj;jpapYk; xU $l;likg;G cUthfTk; cjtpaJ. mNjNghy;> thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp kw; W k; gj; j phpf; i ffs; Nghd; w Clq; f Sk; mjpfkhNdhUf;F ,e;j fUj;Jf;fs; nrd;wiltjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. “,aw;if kWkyh; r ; r p” vd; w jiyg; g py; fhyhz; L nra;jp,jo;fs; ntsplg;gl;L mjpy; ,aw;if Ntshz;ik Fwpj;j mz;ik epfo;Tfs; kw;Wk; Nghf;Ffs; gfph;e;J nfhs;sg;gl;ld. jpl; l j; j pd; jhf; f j; i j mwptjw; f hd xH; Ma;T 2008 Mk; Mz;by; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l tptrhafsplj;jpy; elj;jg;gl;L> mjd; thapyhf 83 tpOf; f hL tptrhapfSf; F ,aw; i f Ntshz;ik Fwpj;j mwpT Fwpg;ghf ,aw;if Ntshz; i kapd; Nfhl; g hLfs; > kz; ts Nkk;ghL> ,aw;if Ntshz;ikf;fhd epyj; Njh;T > g+r;rp kw;Wk; Neha;fs; Nkyhz;ik> mWtilf;F gpe;jpa njhopy;El;gq;fs; kw;Wk; Mtzg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; ,aw;if Ntshz; rhd;wpjo; ngWtjw;fhd Kiwfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; mjpfhpj; J s; s ij me; j Ma; T KbTfs; ntspg;gLj;jpaJ. ,J 2005 Mk; Mz;NlhL xg; g pLifapy; mg; N ghij tpOf; f hlhd 42 il tpl ,uz; L klq; F $Ljyhf mwpT ngUfpAs; s J. ,jw; F Ntshz; mwptpay; ikaj;jpd; %yk; elj;jg;gl;l gy;NtW gapw;rpfs;> nray;Kiw tpsf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; tphpthf;f nray;ghLfs; fhuzkhf mike;jpUe;jJ.
fpl;lj;jl;l 96 ,aw;if tptrha FOf;fshf xUq; f pize; j dh; . ,e; j FOf; f spy; 1930 ,aw;if tptrhapfs; cWg;gpdh;fshf gjpT nra;ag;gl;ldh;. xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; xU jiyth; vy;NyhuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; milahsk; fhzg; g l; L mth; f s; ,aw; i f Ntshz;ikapYk;> ,aw;if Ntshz;ikf;fhd mbg;gil ju eph;zaq;fs;> Mtzg;gLj;Jjy;> njhopw;El;gq;fis gutyhf;FtJ vd midj;jpYk; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;ldh;. mth;fNs Mtzg;gLj;JtJ kw;Wk; ,aw;if Ntshz;ikf;fhd ju eph;zaq;fis tptrhapfs; filgpbg;gjw;Fk; nghWg;ghsh;fshf Mf; f g; g l; l dh; . 2006 Mk; Mz; b y; ehd; F ,aw;if tptrhapfs;> njhopw;El;gthjpfshfTk; nray; g lj; njhlq; f pdh; . ,J 2007 Mk; Mz; b y; 17 MfTk; > 2008 y; 53 MfTk; cah; e ; j J. ,e; j njhopw; E l; g thjpfshy; > ,aw;if Ntshz;ik Fwpj;j njhopw;El;gq;fs; gutyhtJ mjpfhpj;jJ. mth;fs; cs;@iur; Nrh;ej ; th;fshf ,Ug;gjdhy;> kw;wth;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sTk;> ek;gpf;if jd;ikAk; mjpfkhdJ. gjpT nra; a g; g l; l tptrhapfs; ,aw; i f Ntshz; i kia Nkw; n fhs; s Fwpg; g pl; l gFjpfis xJf;fpdh;. ,e;j rpwpa gFjpapy;> Ntshz; mwptpay; ikaj; j pd; cjtpNahL ,aw;if Ntshz; nray;Kiwfis eilKiwg; g Lj; j Muk; g pj; j dh; . 2006 Mk; Mz;by;> gjpT nra;ag;gl;l 532 tptrhapfs; ,aw;if Ntshz;ik nra;j gug;gsT 116.28 n`f;Nluhf ,Ue;jJ. mjpy; ney;> thio> vs;> #hpafhe;jp> epyf;fliy> gr;ir gapW kw;Wk; cSe;J Nghd;w gaph;fs; rhFgb nra;ag;gl;ld. 2007 Mk; Mz;by; ,J 269.63 n`f;Nluhf mjpfhpj;jJ.
mjpfhpj;j Ra rhh;Gj;jd;ik ngUk;ghyhd ,aw;if ,LnghUl;fs; cs;@ hpNy cw; g j; j p nra; a g; g l; l jhy; > ntspapL nghUl; fspd; rhh; Gj; jd; i k Fiwe; j J. kpf mjpf mstpy; gutyhf gad; g Lj; j g; g l; l ,aw;if cuk; kz;GO cukhFk;. ,e;j jpl;lj;jpd;
,aw;if tptrha nray;Kiwfis Efh;Nthh; kj;jpapy; tpopg;Gzh;T eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjpy; tptrhapfs; Vw;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L> fz;fhl;rpfs; njhopw;El;gthjpfshf jpfo;e;jdh; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; elj;jg;gl;lJ. Ma;Tf;F gjpyspj;jth;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikahNdhh; (85 tpOf;fhL) NkYk; re;ijg;gLj;Jth;fspd; ,aw; i f tptrha nray; K iwfis epyk; njhlh;NghL ,aw;if Njh;tpypUe;J> mWtil kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;JtJ Ntshz; tpis nghUl;fis tiu mwptpay; g+h; t khf Ghpe; J nfhz; L re;ijg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd rpwg;ghd nray;gLj;jpAs;sdh; vd;gJ fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. 2006 y; 27> 2007 y; 47 kw;Wk; 2008 y; 22; vd xU $l;likg;Gk; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. 14
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
gFjpapy; nkhj; j k; 44 tptrhapfs; kz; G O cu cw;gj;jp ikaq;fis njhlq;fpAs;sdh;. cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l kz;GOcuk; jq;fspd; nr he; j epy q ; f sp y ; g ad ;g Lj ;j g ;g l;lJ . vQ;rpait fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s kw;wth;fSf;F tpw; f g; g l; l J. vQ; r pAs; s kw; w tptrhapfs; njhO cuq;fs; kw;Wk; Cl;lNkw;wpa njhO cuq;fis caph; cuq;fNshL fye;J mb cukhf gad; g Lj; J fpd; w dh; . ,e; j 44 kz; G O cu ikaq;fspd; Mz;L cu cw;gj;jp jpwdhdJ 399 ld; MFk;. ngUk;ghyhd tptrhapfs; jq;fSf;F Njitg;gLk; NghJ gQ;rfhtpah kw;Wk ,aw;if g+r;rp tpul;bfis jahhpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. 2006 Mk; Mz;L> 18 ikaq;fs; gQ;rfhtpah kw;Wk; ,aw;if g+r;r p tpul;b fs; jahhpg; gpy; <Lgl;bUe;jdh;. mJ 2008 Mk; Mz;by; 56 Mf cah;e;J nghpa mstpy; cw;gj;jpapy; <Lgl njhlq;fpaJ. ,aw;if ,LnghUl;fis gad;gLj;jpajhy; ,LnghUs; nryT Fiwe;jJ. mNj Ntisapy; ,aw; i fahf tpistpf; f g; g l; l tpisnghUl;fSf;F mjpfg;gbahd $Ljy; tpiyAk; fpilj;jJ. ,J $Ljy; epfu yhgkhf n`f;NlUf;F &. 1130> &. 1250 kw;Wk; &. 1820 vd KiwNa 2006> 2007 kw; W k; 2008 Mz;Lfspy; mjpfhpj;jJ. gy;NtW ,aw;if Ntshz; ,LnghUl;fs; cw;gj;jp ikaq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ljd; tpisthf> Ntiytha;g;G ehl;fs; 142> 198 kw;Wk; 210 ehl;fshf> KiwNa 2006> 2007 kw;Wk; 2008 y; mjpfhpj;jJ.
cw;gj;jpahsh;fisAk;> Efh;Nthh;fisAk; ,izj;jy; ,aw;if Ntshz;ikapy; gaphplg;gLk; gug;gsT mjpfhpj; j d; tpisthf> f&h; khtl; l j; j py; ,aw;if Ntshz; tpisnghUl;fspd; ,Ug; G k; mjpfhpj; j J. Efh; N thh; kj; j papy; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L> fz;fhl;rpfs; gy; N tW ,lq; f spy; elj; j g; g l; l J. NkYk; re;ijg;gLj;Jgth;fspd; njhlh;NghL ,aw;if Ntshz; tpisnghUl;fis re;ijg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd rpwg;ghd xU $l; l ikg; G k; cUthf; f g; g l; l J. ,aw; i f Ntshz; Kiwapy; tpistpf; f g; g l; l vs; kw;Wk; ney; tpw;gidf;fhf> Ntshz; mwptpay; ikaKk; khepy kw;Wk; Njrpa mstpy; gy;NtW fz;fhl;rpfspy; gq;nfLj;jJ. Ntshz; mwptpay; ikaj; j pd; cjtpNahL> ,aw; i f Kiwapy; tpistpf; f g; g l; l vs; i sAk; > mhprpiaAk; gjg; g Lj; J k; ikaq; f s; mikf; f g; g l; l d.
,aw;if ,LnghUs; cw;gj;jp $lk;
rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l ,e;j gjg;gLj;Jk; ikaq;fs; topahf khtl;lj;jpy; ,e;j nghUl;fspd; tuT mjpfhpj;jJ.
KbTiu tptrhapfNshLk;> Njrpa mstpy; Muha;r;rp kw; W k; tphpthf; f ikaq; f NshL ,ize; J > khtl; l j; j py; Ntshz; nghUshjhuj; i j Nkk;gLj;Jtjpy;> Ntshz; mwptpay; ikak; mwpT kw; W k; ts Mjhu ikakhf Nrit nra;Ak; mstpw;F cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. mth;fspd; Kaw;rpNahL> tptrhapfs; ,aw;iff;F cfe;j Ntshz; KiwfSf;F khWtjw;F Ntshz; mwptpay; ikak; kpfg; nghpa gq;fhw;wpaJ. ,J khepy Ntshz; gy;fiyf; fofk;> (v];.V.A) ,aw;if Ntshz;ikf;fhd Njrpa ikak;> (vd;. rp.X.rp) Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l czTg; nghUl;fs; Vw;Wkjp tsh;rr ; p Mizak; (mg; g P l h) kw; W k; gjg; g Lj; J k; epWtdq; f s; Nghd;w gy;NtW epWtd $l;L Kaw;rp mZFKiwapdhy; rhj; j pakhdJ. ,e; j gFjpapy; cs;s tptrhapfs; jw;NghJ kpfTk; yhgfukhd kw; W k; ntspapL nghUl; f s; rhh; G j; jd; i k Fiwe; j ,aw; i f Ntshz; Kiwfis eilKiwg; g Lj; J tjpy; ed; F Njh;r;rp ngw;wth;fshf cs;sdh;. S Vallal Kannan KVK Karur Pulutheri village, R T Malai Post, Kulithalai Taluk, Karur District Tamil Nadu E-mail: vallalkannan@yahoo.com %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2016> thy;a+k; 18> ,jo; 4
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
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rpW coth;fspd; Nguk;NgRk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jjy; NjguQ;rd; G[`hp kw;Wk; Mh;j;jp jahy; nlf;Ndhrh;t; Nghd;w yhg Nehf;fkpy;yh epWtdq;fs; $l;Lr; nray;ghLfs; %yk; rpW tptrhapfis jfty; kw; W k; re; i j tha;g;GfNshL njhlh;GgLj;jp mth;fis Nkk;gLj;jp nfhs;tjpy; gq;fspg;G nra;J tUfpwJ. mth;fspd; Kaw;rpapd; topahf> gPfhhpy; cs;s rpW tptrhapfs;> tptrhapfs; cw;gj;jpahsh; FOf;fspy; cWg;gpdh;fshfp> $l;lhf re;ijg;gLj;Jtjhy; cs;s Nguk; N gRk; jpwd; mjpfhpj; j pUg; g ij czh;e;Js;sdh;. Gh;dpah khtl;lk;> gPfhh; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s Nrhsk; mjpfk; tpisaf;$ba gFjpahFk;. uhgp gUtj;jpy;> Nrhsk; xU Vf;fUf;F 4 ld; cw;gj;jpia nfhz;L Njrpa mstpy; mjpfk; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; khtl; l khf mwpag; L fpwJ. Nrhsk; ,e; j khtl;lj;jpy; ruhrhpahf 1.39 Vf;fh; epyg;gug;Gila rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfSf;F Kjd;ikahd gzg; g apuhf cs; s J. ,t; t ptrhapfSf; F re;ijf;F tpw;ff;$ba cghp msT fpl;lj;jl;l 90 tpOf;fhL ,Ug;gpDk;> mth;fs; re;ijia mZf $ba tha;g;G kpfTk; FiwthfNt cs;sJ. (gz; i z tpisnghUl; f is tpw; f f; $ ba nghpa re;ij). khw;Wj;jPh;TfSf;fhd tha;g;G ,y;yhjNghJ mth;fs; jq;fspd; nghUl;fis gy; N tW ,ilj; j ufh; f s; topahfNt tpw; f Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,ilj;jufh;fs; rq;fpypahdJ> fpuhk mstpy; Nrfhpg;G Kfth;fs; njhlq;fp> rpW re;ijfspy; cs;s jufh;fsplk; Ngha;> mq;fpUe;J nghpa tzpfh; f s; topahf ehL KOf; f cs; s epWtd hP j pahd thq; F gth; f splk; ,Wjpahf nrd;wiltjhy; mr;rq;fpyp kpfTk; nghpaJk; gutyhdjhfTk; cs;sJ. xt;nthU ,ilepiyapYk; fkp\d; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz; b As; s jhy; > tptrhapf; F fpilf; F k; ,Wjp tpiyia kpfTk; Fiwj; J tpLfpwJ. ,jw;Fk; $Ljyhf> fpuhkq;fspy; nghUl;fis Nrfhpf; F k; Kfth; f s; gpd; g w; W k; kjpg; g P L topKiwfs; kw;Wk; vilNghLk; NghJ elf;Fk; jpy; Y Ky; Y fs; Fwpg; g plj; j f; f ,og; G f; F top tFf;fpwJ. (tptrhapfsplk; nfhs;Kjy; nra; a g; g Lk; nghUl; f spy; Ftpz; l hYf; F Rkhuhf &. 60 Kjy; &. 80 tiu ,og;G). Ntshz; nghUl; f s; re; i jg; g Lj; J k; FO rl; l j; j py; khw;wq;fs;> re;ij cl;fl;likg;G kw;Wk; th;j;jf 16
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
V.V.gp.rp.vy;-ypd; ngUikf;Fhpa kw;Wk; kfpo;thd cWg;gpduhf \fpyh fl;^d;
xOq;FKiwfis NkYk; Nkhrkhf;fpAs;sJ. jw;NghJ tpiyfs; rpy nghpa th;j;jfh;fshy; KbT nra; a g; g l; L k; > jhdpaj; j pd; juj; i j <ug;gjk; fhl;Lk; fUtpfs; Jizapd;wp> ntWk; ghh;it kw;Wk; czh;thNy jPhk ; hdpf;fg;gLfpwJ. gy;NtW re;ij ,ilepiyfis nfhz;L vil kw; W k; kjpg; g P L fspy; jpy; Y Ky; Y fs; kw; W k; xOq;fikf;fg;glhj th;j;jf $l;likg;G vd ,e; j ,izg; g pd; fhuzkhf> tptrhapfs; jq;fs; nghUl;fSf;F fpilf;f Ntz;ba ,Wjp tpiyia kpfTk; Fiwj;J tpLfpwJ.
tptrhap cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdq;fs; %yk; ngz; tptrhapfis FOf;fshf;FtJ gP f hhpy; cs; s rpW kw; W k; FW tptrhapfs;
re;jpf;Fk; Nkw;$wpa gpur;ridfis kdjpy; nfhz;L> fpuhkg;Gw gPfhhpy; [Ptpfh vd;Dk; cyf tq; f p cjtpapd; %yk; Vo; i kia Fiwg;gjw;fhd jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Mh;ad;ahf; Ntshz; cw; g j; j pahsh; fk; n gdp ypkpnll; (V.V.gp.rp.vy;) vd;Dk; cw;gj;jpahsh; fk;ngdp njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. [Ptpfh (rk];fpUj;jpy; mjw;F tho; t hjhuk; vd; W k; nghUs; ) jpl; l k; gP f hh; fpuhkg;Gw tho;thjhu Nkk;ghl;L rq;fk; (gp.Mh;. vy;. gp.v];) vd;Dk; gPfhh; murpd; jdp mikg;gpdhy; eilKiwg;gLj;jgl;lJ. gPfhhpy; Njrpa fpuhkg;Gw tho; t hjhug; gzpia gug; G tjw; f hf ,e; j mikg;G khepy fpuhkg;Gw tho;thjhu mikg;ghf (v];. Mh;.vy;.vk;) epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. V.V.gp.rp.vy; 2009 Mk; Mz; L etk; g hpy; > fk;ngdpfs; rl;lk; 2002d; fPo; cUthf;fg;gl;L> mjd; gjpT mYtyfk; Gh;dpah khtl;lj;jpy; mikf; f g; g l; l J. Jtf; f j; j py; V.V.gp.rp.vy; mq;fPfhu gq;F %yjdkhf &gha; 5 yl;rKk; ngw;wpUe;J> mJ 50000 gq;Ffis [Ptpfh ,yf;F FLk;gq;fshd rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; &. 10 nrYj;Jk; tifapy; Jtq;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j fk;ngdpapy; gq;Fjhuuhf tpUk; G gth; f s; mbg; g ilapy; khtl; l j; j pd; jhk;j`h tl;lj;ij Nrh;e;jth;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2009 Mk; Mz;by; V.V.gp.rp.vy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;j NghJk;> mjDs; ,Ue;j ngUk;ghyhd cw;gj;jpahsh; FOf;fs; nray;glhky; ,Ue;jjhy;> ,e; j mikg; G ,af; f k; ,y; y hky; ,Ue; j J. gP f hhpy; cs; s ngUk; g hd; i kahd ngz; cw;gj;jpahsh; FOf;fs; ngUthhpahf rpW kw;Wk; FW tptrhapfis gpujpepjpfshf nfhz;bUe;jJ. mth; f s; jq; f sJ cw; g j; j p nghUl; f is mth;fshfNt Neubahf tpw;gid nra;Ak; jpwik FiwthfTk; my;yJ cw;gj;jp nghUl;fis gaph;fs; gapuplhj gUtq;fspy; Njf;fp itj;J
cw;gj;jpahsh; FOf;fs; jq;fspd; Nrhsj;jpd; ey;y juj;ij mwpa cjTk; kpd;zZ <ug;gj mstpLk; fUtp
Fiwe;j gl;r yhgk; <l;Lk; jpwikAk; Fiwthf ,Ue;jJ. cw;gj;jp FOf;fspy; cs;s Nkyhz;ik jpwd; gy; N tW re; i j topKiwfs; kw; W k; nghUl;fs; thq;Fgth;fsplk; Nguk; NgRk; jpwd; Fiwthd Ghpjy; ,Ue;jjhYk;> mJ kpfg; nghpa ,og;gpw;Fk; Mgj;jpw;Fk; top tFj;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf cWg;gpdh;fs; $l;lhf nghUl;fis Nrfhpg;gjpYk;> mjid re;ijg;gLj;JtjpYk; cs;s jpwid vg;NghJk; czh;ej ; pUe;jjpy;iy.
$l;L Kaw;rp ,e;j Njitia g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf [Ptpfh> nlf;Ndhrh;t; ,e;jpahNthL ,ize;J xU njhopw;El;g cjtp jpl;lj;ij gPfhhpy; brk;gh; khjk; 2014 Mk; Mz;L Jtf;fpaJ. nlf;Ndhrh;t; vd;gJ xU tpj;jpahrkhd yhgk; Nehf;fkpy;yh mikg;G. mJ Vio kf;fis jfty; kw;Wk; re;ij tha;gG ; fs; Fwpj;J njhlh;Gfs; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;J ,izf;Fk; gzpia nra;J tUfpwJ. gpy; kw; W k; nkypd; l h Nfl; ] ; gTz; N lrd; epjpAjtpAld; eilngWk; ,e; j jpl; l j; j pd; Nehf;fkhdJ> [Ptpfh FOtpw;F kjpg;G $l;Lk; rq;fpyp tsh;r;rpapYk;> gPfhhpy; cs;s ,uz;L khtl; l q; f spy; cs; s ngz; tptrhapfis
Nrhsk; nfhs;Kjy; - rpwg;gk;rq;fs; 2014-15 gUtk;
2015-16 gUtk;
1014 nkl;hpf; ld; Nrhsk; nfhs;Kjy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. 3064 nkl;hpf; ld; Nrhsk; nfhs;Kjy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. V.V.gp.rp.vy; tUkhdk; 1.28 Nfhb> epfu yhgk; 0.09 cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdj;jpd; nkhj;j tUkhdk; [_iy tiu 75 yl;rk; Nfhb tptrhapfSf;F 11.46 tpOf;fhL Cf;fj;njhif cw;gj;jpahsh; FOf;fspd; cWg;gpdh;fs; V.V.gp.rp.vy; tUkhdk; -f;F Nrhsk; tpw;wjpy; ruhrhp tpiy fle;j Mz;ilf; fhl;bYk; 13.6 tpOf;fhL mjpfk; 70 tpOf;fhL yhgk; cWg;gpdh;fSf;F Cf;fj;njhif 27 cw;gj;jpahsh; FOf;fspd; 818 cWg;gpdh;fspd; Nghd]; Mf tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;lJ. tq;fp fzf;fpw;F &. 3.49 Nfhb khw;wg;gl;lJ. Ftpz;lhYf;F &. 109 tPjk; Cf;fj;njhifapd; V.V.gp.rp.vy; -f;F Nrhsk; tpw;gidapy; cWg;gpdh;fspd; thapyhf $Ljy; tUthahf fpilj;jJ. gq; N fw; G nrd; w tUlj; j ij xg; g pLifapy; 138 tpOf;fhL; mjpfhpj;jJ. yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
17
xUq;fpizj;J> mth;fis re;ijia xl;ba tptrha cw; g j; j p epWtdq; f shf nray; g l jpwd; t sh; g ; g py; <LgLtJk; > gP f hhpy; cs; s cw; g j; j pahsh; FOf; f Sf; F njhopw; E l; g cjtpfs; mspj;J> khepyj;jpy; cw;gj;jpahsh; FOf;fs; rpwg;ghf nray;gl gy tUlq;fSf;F xU ey;y ghij mikj;J nfhLj;J mth;fis gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,e;j Nehf;fq;fis rhjpf;f> nlf;Nlhrh;t; Gh;dpah khtl;lj;jpy; xU jpl;lj;ij mjpf tpiyia tptrhapfs; $l;L Nrfhpg;G kw;Wk; tpw;gid %yk; nray;KiwgLj;jp fhl;lTk;> nghUl;fs; khw;wpf;nfhs;Sk; jsq;fspd; %yk; Njrpa mstpy; <LgLk; cw;gj;jp nghUl;fis thq;FNthhplk; xNu khjphpahd jfty;fs; Ngha; NrUtij Fiwg;gjhFk;.
Gh;dpahtpy; cs;s cw;gj;jpahsh;fs; FOf;fspy; eilngw;w kjpg;gl P b ; d; mbg;gilapy; mth;fspd; gaph; tptuk; kw;Wk; jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs;s mWtilf; F g; gpe; i ja njhopy; E l; g q; f spy; rthy; f s; re; j pf; f g; g l; l jhy; > nlf; N dhrh; t ,e;jpah V.V.gp.rp.vy;Yf;F njhFj;J jpul;ly; kw;Wk; re;ijia ,izf;Fk; tpahghu khjphpia eilKiwg;gLj;j ghpe;Jiuj;jJ. ,e;j khjphp gy mLf;Ffspy; fhzg;gLk; ,ilepiyfis xopj;J> ey;y tpiy czh;jiy cWjpg;gLj;jp tptrhapfs; gUtky;yhj fhyq;fspy; tpiyia mjpfhpj; J tptrhapfSf; F gadspf; F k; tifapy; mike; j J. ,e; j j; jpl; l k; NkYk; cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdk; Mgj;Jf;fis Fiwf;f jdJ nghUl;fis kpd;dZ th;j;jf Kiwapy; tpw;f ghpe;Jiuj;jJ.
xU gadhsp NgRfpwhh; “,g;NghjpypUe;J ehd; vdJ tpis nghUl;fis cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdj;jpw;Nf tpw;Ngd;” \fpyh fl;^d;>; Gh;dpah khtl;lj;jpd; fpof;F fpuhkkhd Ff;udpy; trpj;J tUfpwhh;. 40 taJ epuk;gpa mth;> 11 Ngh;fs; mlq;fpa $l;Lf;FLk;gj;jpy; ‘vdJ tho; f ; i fapy; vq; f s; tho;e;J tUfpwhh;. mth;fSf;F cs;s 8 Vf;fh; epyj;jpy; ,Ue;J t P l ; b w ; N f t e ; J , t ; t s T nra;Ak; Ntshz;ikapy; ,Ue;J jhd; FLk;gj;jpw;fhd tUkhdk; ntspg;giljd;ikNahL Nrhsk; fpilf;fpwJ. 95 tpOf;fhL epyj;jpy; Nrhsk; gaphplg;glg;gLfpwJ. nfhs;Kjy; nra;ag;gLtij ehd; ; pNwd;. ehd; mNj Ntisapy; NfhJikAk; tPlL ; cgNahfj;jpw;fhf gaphplg;gLfpwJ. Kjy; Kiwahf ghh;ff kl; L ky; y > cw; g j; j pahsh; FOtpd; fhhpg; gUtj;jpy; ney; gaphplg;gLfpwJ. mjpy; 50 tpOf;fhL cs;@h; re;ijapy; tpw;fg;gLfpwJ. Nk khjj;jpy; Gay; fhw;W ntFthf jhf;fpa m i d j ; J c W g ; g p d h ; f S k ; NghjpYk;> mtuJ Nrhs cw;gj;jp ,e;j tUlk; 27.7 nkl;hpf; ld;dhf ,g;Nghjpy; ,Ue;J Nrhsj;ij ,Ue;jJ. fle;j tUlk; tiu jdJ Nrhsj;ij cs;@hpy; cs;s cw;gj;jpahsh; FOtplk; tpw;Nghk;”. tpahghhpahd jpU. K\;lhf; vd;gthplk; jdJ tPl;bw;Nf te;J ifahy; - \fpyh fl; ^ k; > cWg; g pdh; > ju eph;zak; ghh;j;J mjd; mbg;gilapy; mth; Nfl;fpw tpiyf;F md;dg+udh cw;gj;jpahsh; FO> tpw;W te;jhh;. ifahy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l vil NghLk; ,ae;jpuj;jhy; Vg;uy; 24> 2015 ,ilepiy tpahghhpfs; vilNghl;L <ug;gj ,og;ig fhuzk; fhl;b vg;NghJk; 1 Ftpz;lhYf;F 7-8 fpNyh tiu Fiwj;J jhd; vLg;ghh;fs;. kw;wth;fisg; NghyNt> mthplk; gaph; tpijg;gjw;F fld; ngw;wjhy;> \fpyhTk; jpU K\;lhf;fplk; vJTk; Nguk; Ngr KbahJ. khh;r; 2015 Kjy; thuj;jpy;> \fpyh jhd; cWg;gpduhfpa md;dg+uzh cw;gj;jpahsh; FOf; $l;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;lNghJ ,e;j gUtj;jpy; cw;gj;jpahsh; FO Nrhsk; nfhs;Kjy; nra;J V.V.gp.rp.vy; -f;F tpw;f jpl;lkpl;Ls;sij mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. [Ptpfh kw;Wk; nlf;Ndhrh;t Nritf;F elj;jpa midj;J $l;lq;fspYk; fye;J nfhz;L mjd; thapyhf midj;J eilKiwfisAk; mwpe;J FOtpy; cs;s midj;J cWg;gpdh;fSf;Fk; me;j jfty;fis nfhz;L Ngha; Nrh;j;jhh;. jpl;lj;jpd; FOtpdh; ghpe;Jiuj;jpUe;jgb mtUk; Nrhsk; mWtilf;F gpe;ija njhopw;El;gq;fis filgpbg;gjpy; mjpf mf;fiw vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. mjd; tpisthf mtuJ Nrhsk; Kjy; ju Nrhskhf 100 tpOf;fhL cw;gj;jpahsh; FOtplk; tpw;fg;gl;lJ. mth; jhNd jd;Dila jhdpaj;jpy; cs;s <ug;gj msit mwpa <ug;gjk; mstpLk; fUtpia gad;gLj;jpdhh;. nghUl;fspd; vilahdJ kpfj; Jy;ypakhf kpd;dZ vilNghLk; fUtpahy; mstplg;gl;L> mtUf;fhd gzk; Neubahf mtuJ tq;fpf; fzf;fpy; nfhs;Kjy; nra;ag;gl;l 3 ehspNy khw;wg;gl;lJ. ,t;thW ntspg;gilahd jd;ik mtiu jdJ 100 tpOf;fhL nghUisAk; cw;gj;jpahsh; FOtpw;Nf tpw;f KbntLf;f itj;jJ. xU Ftpz;lhYf;F &. 1003 ruhrhpahf rk;ghjpf;f Kbe;jJ. ,J K\;lhf; mthplk; tpw;wij fhl;bYk; 6 tpOf;fhL mjpfk;. cw;gj;jpahsh; FOtpd; gq;Fjhuuhf ,Ug;gjhy; Mz;bd; Kbtpy; cw;gj;jpahsh; FO yhgk; <l;Lk; gl;rj;jpy; mjw;fhd Cf;fj;njhif Nghdi]Ak; Nrh;j;J 11.3 tpOf;fhL mjpf tpiyia mth; ngWthh;. 18
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
[Ptpfhtpd; epWtd nray;Kiwia gad;gLj;jp> V.V.gp.rp.vy; fpl; l j; j l; l 60 yl; r k; &ghia Ntiyf;fhd %yjdkhf mjd; cs; Mjhuq;fs; topahf - cw;gj;jpahsh; FOf;fs; (,ilntsp epjp) kw;Wk; FOf;fs; mstpyhd $l;likg;Gfs; (0.6 tpOf; f hL fld; /khjj; j pw; F ) Nrhsk; nfhs; K jy; nra; J re; i jg; g Lj; J tjw; f hf thq;fpaJ. V.V.gp.rp.vy; cWg;gpdh;fs; Nrhsj;jpy; mWtilf; F gpe; i ja njhopy; E l; g j; j pYk; vilNghLjy; kw;Wk; juk; gphpf;Fk; KiwfspYk; (kpd;dZ vil NghLk; ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; b[Pll ; y; Kiwapy; <ug;gj;ij mstpLk; kPll ; h;fs;) gapw; r p mspj; J > nghUl; f s; Nrfhpg; g pYk; kw;Wk; tpw;gidapYk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ikia cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ. ,J ,e;jpa KOtJk; cs;s Kf;fpakhd thq;Fk; mikg;Gfis milAk; nghUl;L kpd;dZ th;j;jf eilKiw xd;W (vd;.rp.B.,.vf;]; - kpd;dZ re;ij ypkpnll;) gad; g Lj; j g; g l; l J. tptrhapfspd; tpis nghUl;fs; vd;.,.vk;.vy; %yk; rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l fplq;Ffspy; Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gl;L mjd;gpd; jug; ghpNrhjidfs; Nkw; n fhs; s g; g l; L epWtdhP j pahf thq; F gth; f Sf; F ]; g hl; re;ij (vd;.,.vk;.vy;) kw;Wk; vjph;fhy re;ij vd ,uz;bYk; tUkhdj;ij mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf nra; a g; g l; l J. ,e; j nray; K iwfspdhy; > ,e;j cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdk; vd;.rp.B.,.vf;]; eilKiwapd; fPo; gjpT nra;ag;gl;L Nrhsk; th;j;jfj;jpy; <Lgl;l Kjy; ,e;jpa tptrha cw;gj;jp epWtdkhf mike;jJ. 2015 Mk; Mz;by; V.V.gp.rp.vy; ypy; ,Ue;J 300 ngz;fs;Md;iyd; %ykhf Nrhsk; tpw;wdh;> 2016 Mk; Mz;L ,e;j vz;zpf;ifahdJ 818 ngz;fshf tsh;e;jJ. fle;j ,uz;L Nrhsk; gaphplg;gl;l gUtq;fspy; ,e;j cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdj;jpd; Kf;fpa tpw;gid tpguq;fs; fPNo ml;ltizapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s gad;fNshL $Ljyhf> cw; g j; j pahsh; fk; n gdp Gjpg; g pf; f g; g l; l J cWg; g pdh; f s; kj; j papy; > tpahghuk; vg; g b ntspg; g ilahf ,Uf; f Ntz; L k; vd; w tpopg; G zh; T k; > mjdhy; cs; @ h; Nrfhpg; G Kfth;fsplk; jq; f spd; nghUl; f Sf; F ey; y tpiyia Nfl; f njhlq; f pdh; . NkYk; mth;fs; jq;fsplk; nghUl;fis Nrfhpf;Fk; Kfth;fsplk; rPuikf;fg;glhky; cs;s vil NghLk; fUtpfisAk;> if nfhz;L juk; gphpf;Fk; Kiwfspy; ,Ue;J njhopw;rhiy juj;jpw;fhd cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; nray;KiwfSf;F khw mOj; j k; nfhLj; j dh; . kpd; d Z th; j ; j f nray;Kiwfis gad;gLj;jpajd; fhuzkhf mJ cw; g j; j pahsh; epWtdj; j pw; F Njrpa mstpy; nghUl; f is thq; F gth; f NshL
kpd;zZ vilNghLk; ,ae;jpuk; gad;gLj;jpaJ ntspg;gil jd;ikia nfhz;L te;jJ.
njhlh;ig Vw;gLj;jTk;> gzgl;Lthlhtpy; cs;s jhkjk; kw;Wk; ek;gpf;if kPWjy;fis jLf;fTk; cjtpahf mike; j J. NkYk; > nghUl; f s; tpw; fg; gl; l 3-5 ehl; fspy; cWg; gpdh; f Sf; F gzk; gl;Lthlh nfhLf;fg;gLtjhy;> mth;fSk; Fwpj;j Neuj;jpy; mth;fs; thq;fpa gaph; fld; kw;Wk; ,ju fld;fis jpUg;gp nrYj;Jtij cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ. cw; g j; j p epWtdkhdJ Nrhsj; i j [P t pfh Nrhsk; vd;w gpuhz;l; ngahpy; mjd; nghUis cah;e;j juj;jpYk; tpw;gid nra;jjhy; mjd; nghUl;fis epiwa Ngh;; thq;Fjw;fhf <h;f;f Kbe;jJ. xt;nthU cw;gj;jpahsh; FOtpYk; <ug;gjj;ij mstpLk; kPl;lh; ,Ue;jjhy;> mJ cWg;gpdh;fs; jq;fspd; Nrhsj;ij tpw;gidf;F Kd; cyu itj;J> J}a;ikg;gLj;jp Kjy; ju Nrhskhf tpw;f Kbe;jJ.
K`hg;g+Uf;F tphpthf;fk; Nrhsj;NjhL $Ljyhf> Nk 2016 Mk; Mz; L [P t pfh nlf; N dhrh; t ; cjtpAld; ,ilj; j ufh; f is Jz; b j; J ypl; r p kw; W k; fha;fwpapy; re;ijj; njhlh;ig Vw;gLj;jTk;> tptrhapfSf; F Neub tpw; g id tha; i g Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fTk; Gjpa jpl;lk; njhlq; f paJ. ,ij nra; t jw; F > rkh; g ; g d; [Ptpfh kfpsh fprhd; cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdj;ij (v];.NI.vk;.Nf.gp.rp.vy;) gyg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; ,j;jpl;lk; Jtf;fg;gl;lJ. yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
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V.V.gp.rp.vy;. fk;ngdp cWg;gpdh;fs; jq;fspd; tpahghuj;ij tphpTgLj;Jtij vjph;Nehf;fpAs;sdh;.
2016 Mk; ; Mz; L gUtj; j py; v]; . NI.vk; . Nf.gp.rp.vy; 6120 fpNyh ypl;rpia nfhs;Kjy; nra; t J. ngq; f Sh; > mfkjhghj; > kw; W k; Kk; i g Nghd; w mjpf J}uq; f spy; cs; s re;ijf;F vd;.,.vk;.vy; Kiwapy; ehd;fhapuk; fpNyh tpw;fg;gl;lJ. cw;gj;jpahsh; epWtdk; ,jd; %yk; ,e;jpa &ghapy; 5 yl;rk; epfu tUkhdj;ij ypl;rp tpahghuj;jpy; 8 tpOf;fhL yhgj; J ld; rk; g hjpj; j J. Kjy; jpl; l j; j py; gq;Nfw;w tptrhapfs; vz;zpf;if Fiwthf ,Ue; j NghjpYk; > mNj ,lj; j py; tpw; g id eilngw; w jhy; tptrhapfs; Cf; f j; n jhif tpiyahf 16 tpOf;fhLk;> xg;ge;j tptrhapfs; ey; y tpiyiaNahL> gzg; ; g l; L thlhTk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. fha;fwpfs; re;ij njhlh;gpy; 5 nkl;hpf; ld; (,e; j pah &ghapy; 1.5 yl; r k; ) fha; f wpfs; tptrhapfshy; rf;uh g;shf;fpy; ,Ue;J nghpa re; i jfSf; F xOq; F gLj; j g; g l; l tpw; g id rq; f pyp topNa 1 khjj; j py; tpw; f g; g l; l J. (Mf];L 2016)
Kd;Ndhf;fpa ghij Kd;Ndhf;fpa topapy; efUk; nghUl;L> V.V.gp. rp.vy; Nrhsj;jpy; kl;Lk; ftdk; nrYj;jhky;> kw; w nghUl; f shd cUisf; f poq; F kw; W k; thio Nghd;wtw;wpy; ftdk; nrYj;jp tUfpwJ. mNj Ntisapy; v];.NI.vk;.Nf.gp.rp.vy; ypl;rp kw;Wk; fha;fwp kjpg;G rq;fpypia tphpTgLj;jp> gUg;G th;j;jfj;jpYk; Kaw;rpf;fpwJ. ,uz;L 20
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2017
epWtdq;fSk; cWg;gpdh;fs; kj;jpapy; mjpf Njit ,Ug; g jhy; ,LnghUl; f s; (cuk;) mspf;Fk; tpahghuj;ij njhlq;fTk; jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. V.V.gp.rp.vy; jdJ gq;Fjhuh;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia ,d;Dk; 3 tUlj;jpy; 10000 tptrhapfis Nrh;j;J mjd; nkhj;j tpw;WKjiy 100 Nfhbahf tphpTgLj;j jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. cw; g j; j pahsh; epWtdj; j pd; cWg; g pdh; f s; midtUk; $l; L tpw; g id Kiw topahf Nguk; NgRk; jpwdpd; rf;jpia mwpe;Js;sdh;. cw;gj;jpahsh; fk;ngdpapd; cWg;gpduhf mjpy; gq;F tfpg;gij ngUikahf fUjp> mjid ,d;Dk; tphpTgLj;Jk; Ntiyia Vw;fdNt Jtq;fptpl;ldh;.
Debaranjan Pujahari Associate Practice Leader
Aarti Dayal Manager, Communications and New Program Development TechnoServe India B1 - 201, Centre Point, Opposite Bawla Masjid 243A N M Joshi Marg, Lower Parel (E) Mumbai - 400 013 %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2016> thy;a+k; 18> ,jo; 4