The first semester (Design + Research) project
Introduction
Achieving the highest levels of education and culture is a goal for all contemporary societies. The competition between contemporary societies is based on this basis, therefore, the need to review and continuously develop the educational systems and educational establishments was a necessity. The difficulties faced by contemporary societies are the large number of population densities and the increase in the need to provide education to all components of society and all people equally and fairly, but this increase in numbers. It also resulted in the need to develop educational facilities to accommodate these numbers and suit the current conditions of such communities. This increase is the lack of quality of the internal space in general and the lack of indoor air quality in particular. Educational performance and public health levels within these internal spaces, and many studies have shown that the rise of carbon dioxide in the classroom leads to health problems and affect the educational levels of the studen
Methods to reduce CO2 concentration in classrooms using hybird ventilation
7. Design Window alternative
1. Research objective
0.1 0.2
Development of the essential criteria to hybrid ventilation methods that can be considered in the improvement of IEQ of similar cases
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
CO2 , ppm (vol)
ppm
1200
0.4
1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500
25%
25%
50%
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
25%
Opening
100%
75%
400
CO2 , ppm (vol)
ppm 0.1 0.2
2. Research Method
0.3
0.4
1200 1100 1000 900 800
The methodology used for the work steps, from selecting the research sample to the final recommendations
700 600 500
25%
100%
75%
50%
400
50%
Research sample
50%
Opening
Analysis of the research sample
Description of the research sample
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
CO2 , ppm (vol)
ppm 0.1 0.2
0.3
0.4
1200 1100
Measurement
1000 900 800
Analysis of measurement results
Building simulation Model
Calibration
700 600
25%
500
100%
75%
50%
400
75%
Scenario
Opening 0.1
0.1
Find the best Scenario
0.1
75%
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.1 0.1 0.2
0.3
0.4
CO2 , ppm (vol)
ppm
1200 1100
Recommendations
1000 900 800 700
Guideline
600 500
50%
25%
75%
100%
100%
Indoor Environmental Quality
Temperature
ventilation
Natural ventilation
Design variables Improvement in the mechanical ventilation system
Opening
Lighting
Hybrid ventilation
Acoustics
100%
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Materials
Mechanical ventilation
students Schedule
Improving natural ventilation methods
Change in lecture times
The best number of students at the same time in the classroom
8. Alternate window results Mean air temperature, Deg-C
Inflow , L/s + CO2
+ CO 2
Scheduling the current window
change windows geometry
400
ppm 1000
24
1000
950
900
Recommendations
3. Selected study cases
23.5
900
23
800
750
800
550
22.5
Case one Location: Building 535 King Abdulaziz University. Measurement date: 2019/10/7 Measurement times: 5 am - 5 pm. Facade: West Facade
700
700
350
22
600
21.5
500
21
5:00 AM
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM
11:00AM
12:00PM
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
5:00PM
600
150 500
400
-50
5:00 AM
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM
11:00AM
12:00PM
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
0.1+25
0.2+25
0.3+25
0.4+25
0.1+50
0.2+50
0.3+50
0.4+50
0.1+75
0.2+75
0.3+75
0.1+25
0.2+25
0.3+25
0.4+25
0.1+50
0.2+50
0.3+50
0.4+50
0.1+75
0.2+75
0.3+75
0.4+75
0.1+100
0.2+100
0.3+100
0.4+100
co2 0.1+ 25
0.2+25 co2
0.3 + 25 co2
0.4+25 co2
0.1+50 co2
0.2+50
0.4+75
0.1+100
0.2+100
0.3+100
0.4+100
co2 0.1+ 25
0.2+25 co2
0.3 + 25 co2
0.4+25 co2
0.1+50 co2
0.2+50
0.3+50
0.4+50
0.1+75co2
0.2+75 co2
0.3+75 co2
0.4+75co2
0.1+100co2
0.2+50 co2
0.3+100 co2
0.4+100 co2
0.3+50
0.4+50
0.1+75co2
0.2+75 co2
0.3+75 co2
0.4+75co2
0.1+100co2
0.2+50 co2
0.3+100 co2
0.4+100 co2
5:00PM
400
Inflow , L/s + ST
energy consump�on + CO2 ppm 220
31 950
1000
30 200 900
29
750
180
28 800
160
27
550
140
26
700
25
350
120 600
24 100
500
23
150
80
Classroom Interior Elevation
22
Classroom Plan
60
4. Measurement of study cases the measurements of CO2 concentrations in the indoor air perform in classroom university for one day and windows was closed during weekdays by using hobo mx CO2 logger measuring device the device took a reading every 10 minutes, floor area of the classroom are 7.5 * 9.14 m located in the second floor of the building , the measuring device placed in the center of the classroom in the height of 1.1m above the floor,using different ventilation systems by simulation using ida ice software
5:00 AM
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM
11:00AM
12:00PM
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
5:00PM
400
-50
5:00 AM
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
12:00PM
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
0.3+25
0.4+25
0.1+50
0.2+50
0.3+50
0.4+50
0.1+75
0.2+75
0.3+75
0.1+25
0.2+25
0.3+25
0.4+25
0.1+50
0.2+50
0.3+50
0.4+50
0.1+75
0.2+75
0.3+75
0.4+75
0.1+100
0.2+100
0.3+100
0.4+100
co2 0.1+ 25
0.2+25 co2
0.3 + 25 co2
0.4+25 co2
0.1+50 co2
0.2+50
0.4+75
0.1+100
0.2+100
0.3+100
0.4+100
ST 0.1+ 25
0.2+ 0.25 ST
0.3 + 25 ST
0.4+25 ST
0.1+50 ST
0.2+50 ST
0.3+50
0.4+50
0.1+75co2
0.2+75 co2
0.3+75 co2
0.4+75co2
0.1+100co2
0.2+50 co2
0.3+100 co2
0.4+100 co2
0.3+50 ST
0.4+50 ST
0.1+75 ST
0.2+75 ST
0.3+75 ST
0.4+75 ST
0.1+100 ST
0.2+50 ST
0.3+100 ST
0.4+100 ST
5:00PM
21
9. Compare and analyze W1
W2
+
23
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
1000
600
400
0.2
22.8 22.6
800
22.4
700
22.2
600
22
500
21.8
400
21.6
300
21.4
200
21.2
100
21
0
W1
20.8 0
5:00 AM
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM Series1
W2
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
1000
Series1
700
+
500 300
1.1m
0.2
0
50%
Classroom Interior Elevation
100
24
600
23.5
500
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM
W1
W2
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM
ppm
0
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM Series1
Energy Consump�on
250 200
600 400
L/S
26
800
25
700
23
100
22
600 500 400 300
21 50
200 100
0
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM Series1
200
20 5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM Series1
Series2
19
Series2
Series2
Air flows in zone
c
150
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM Series1
Series2
24
500
75%
100
Series2
700
0
200
20.5
300
Calibration CO2 ,ppm
21.5
Mean air temperature
800
0.2
300
21
CO2 ,ppm
900
+
22
20
Air flows in zone
400
22.5
Series2
1000
5. Building simulation Model
23
Series1
Series2
700
200
0
Series1
L/S
c
50
200
Series1
Series2
24.5
100
400
-100 5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM
250
150
600
Air flows in zone
Mean air temperature
900 800
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM
Series2
Energy Consump�on
CO2 ,ppm Surface temperatures
ppm
Series1
Series2
L/S
900
200
25%
Mean air temperature
c
Energy Consump�on
CO2 ,ppm
800
1400.
11:00AM
0.2+25
1200
total number of occupants : 40 measuring time and date : from 5:00AM to 5:00PM 10 oct 2019 CO2 level exceded the benchmark for 2H
10:00AM
0.1+25
ppm
PPM
9:00AM
100 0 5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM Series1
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM Series1
21.96 21.89 21.88 22 22.54 23.35 24.45 25.15 23.63 22.05 22.03 21.94
Series2
CO2 ,ppm 1200.00
W1
1000
W2
1000 270
+
700
600.00
400
0.2
100%
200.00
W1
0.00
c
Mean air temperature
27
900 800
800.00
Energy Consump�on
ppm
220 170
600
120
500
70
26
20
860 760 660
24
560
23
460
22
20
Air flows in zone
960
25
21
400
L/S
360 260 160 60
W2
CO2 in classroom
6. Scenario 1 : Reschedule existing windows CO2 ,ppm 1200
1000
10. Recommendations
800
600
Opening 25%
11. Conclusion
400
Window schedule 200
opening hours
5:00AM
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
0
5:00PM
work hours
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM 5:00PM
CO2 ,ppm 1200
By scheduling existing windows, ventilation can be improved in the classroom without significantly affecting thermal comfort in moderate climatic conditions.
1000
800
600
Opening 50%
400
Window schedule opening hours
5:00AM
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM
200
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
5:00PM
0
work hours
ppm
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM 5:00PM
CO2 ,ppm
1200
The hybird ventilation system has proven to be effective and can be an important tool for improving air quality in educational spaces
1000
800
Opening
600
75%
Improving the air quality in the current classroom is a very important requirement for raising the educational competence of students and ensuring the health of users
400
Window schedule 200
5:00AM
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
0
5:00PM
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM 5:00PM
work hours
CO2 ,ppm 1200
Existing windows can be changed to windows suggested in the search
1000
800
600
Opening 100%
400
200
Window schedule
5:00AM
6:00AM
7:00AM
8:00AM
9:00AM
10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM
0
1:00PM
2:00PM
3:00PM
4:00PM
5:00 AM 6:00AM 7:00AM 8:00AM 9:00AM 10:00AM 11:00AM 12:00PM 1:00PM 2:00PM 3:00PM 4:00PM 5:00PM
It is best not to increase the number of students within the classroom until it is ensured that the quality of the space is not affected
5:00PM
work hours
The Department of Architecture (KAUARCH) Faculty of Architecture and Planning King Abdulaziz University
yousef m khoja Supervisor: Dr-Ing. Mohannad Bayoumi
This research focused on finding a solution to find ways to improve the quality of indoor air for educational classes through hybrid ventilation systems. As the research has shown us, hybrid methods for ventilation are a suitable solution and can be applied through existing windows or by developing better windows. These same methods can be used on other areas with a different climate Different from the one in which the study was held, as the research showed that increasing the number of students within the educational space may affect the quality of the educational space, which causes a decrease in the level of educational achievement and an increase in the level of health risk for students
ppm