ENERGY EFFICIENT HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATE REGIONS (RIYADH) Supervisors: Dr-Ing. Mohannad Bayoumi
Eng. Abdulraheem Aalim
Students: Musaed Almutlak
AR 408 Studio Design Department of Architecture Faculty of Architecture and Planning King Abdulaziz University
05
04. DESIGN 04.01 DESIGN CONCEPT 04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS & FACADES DESIGN 04.04 SYSTEMS
05
04.01 DESIGN CONCEPT FORM
2.Adding atruim
3.Cores devided
4. Slab Cantilever
Core
Core
Office Space
Maximizing unobstructed views on all elevations.
Adding atrium daylight and ventilation but not all sides have the advantage of the atrium.
Office Space
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Office Space
Dividing cores to take maximum advantage of the atrium on all sides.
Office Space
Office Space Office Space
Office Space Office Space
Core
Core
Core
Core
Office Space
1.Cores in the center
Office Space
Reduce the solar radiation.
03
04.01 DESIGN CONCEPT STRUCTURE Bracing in central court
Core
Core
Office Space
Core
Core
Core
Core
Office Space
Office Space
Core
Office Space Office Space
Core
Office Space
Office Space Office Space
Office Space
Exoskeleton bracing
Core
Core
Core
Core
Office Space
Shear walls cores
Office Space
Shear walls on the cores, bracing in the central court, exoskeleton bracing to have flexbable plan from column & beam.
Office Space
04
04.01 DESIGN CONCEPT PROGRAM ZONING
Cafe & 360 view
SKY GARDEN 3 OFFICE TYPE 2
Cafeteria & Mosque
SKY GARDEN 2 OFFICE TYPE 1
SKY GARDEN 1 PUBLIC PLAZA LOBBY
Fitness Center
PARKING 05
04.01 DESIGN CONCEPT ATRUIM & VENTILATION Stack effect
Office
Segementation
Chellid Beam
Atruim
Supply Chiller
Return
AHU Fresh Air AHU FCU
Storage
Atrium for daylight
06
04. DESIGN 04.01 DESIGN CONCEPT 04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS & FACADES DESIGN 04.04 SYSTEMS
04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT MOUDLE STUDIES 3.60
Seminar
5.40
5.40
5.40
Meetong room 2
5.40
7.20
5.40
3.60
Open offices
5.40
5.40
Meeting room 1
3.60
Cellular office 2
5.40
Cellular office 1
08
04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ZONING
OFFICES
CORE
OFFICES
COMMON SPACE
CORE
COMMON SPACE
ATRIUM
COMMON SPACE
CORE
COMMON SPACE
OFFICES
CORE
OFFICES
09
04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT CORE 1
7.20
CORE
ATRIUM
COMMON SPACE
2.30
Storage
OFFICES
7.60
COMMON SPACE
CORE
1.55
CORE
COMMON SPACE
CORE
5.10
OFFICES
COMMON SPACE
0.50
1.50
2.00
OFFICES
OFFICES
10
04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DUCT DETIALS
Storage
Treated Hot Water Water Supply Return CBW Return Fire Supply
CBW Supply
Hot Water Potable Supply Fire Drain Water Supply
Exhaust Duct
Vent
Drainage Pipe
Storage
Storage
11
04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT CORE 2
7.20 2.60
OFFICES
ATRIUM
COMMON SPACE
1.60 OFFICES
Electric & Data room
CORE
1.20
CORE
COMMON SPACE
Service Elevator
3.30
COMMON SPACE
CORE
7.20
OFFICES
COMMON SPACE
1.50
Stair Pressurization Duct ELC Duct
OFFICES
0.50
CORE
2.30
12
04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT EMERGENCY EXIT & FIRE HOSE The longest distance to escape R1 = 29 m The longest distance to escape R2 = 30 m OFFICES R1
CORE
COMMON SPACE
CORE
Outdoor
1 OFFICES
COMMON SPACE
ATRIUM
COMMON SPACE
CORE
COMMON SPACE
OFFICES
2
CORE
4
R2
4
OFFICES
3
2 Fire Hose
1 13
04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT HVAC SYSTEM Chilled beam systems cannot be used alone in buildings where the ceilings are higher than 2.7 metres (8.9 ft), because the air will not properly circulate. They are generally 1 to 2 feet (0.30 to 0.61 m) wide, and require less than 1 foot (0.30 m) of overhead space.
Corridor
CHW & Heating Ventilation Pipe Pipe
Chilled Beam Device
0.3 m 0.6 m
Office Space
2.7 m
3.6 m
14
04. DESIGN 04.01 DESIGN CONCEPT 04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS & FACADES DESIGN 04.04 SYSTEMS
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
KING FAHAD ROAD
SITE PLAN
20
N
0m
10
40 30
50
16
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING GROUND ON SITE
A 1
2
4 4 3
2
1
1- Entrance 2- Security 3- Lobby 4- Exhibition
10
N 0m
5
A
20 15
25
17
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING PARKING 2
Floor Area = 1495 m Building Height = 18.2 m Number of Floors = 6
9.4 m 4.6 m
3.5 m
6
N
0m
3
3.5 m
12 9
15
18
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING SKY GARDEN 1 A
2
Floor Area = 840 m 2 Cores Area = 54.8 X 4 = 219 m (26%) Circulation = 177 m (21%)
SKY GARDEN 3 OFFICE TYPE 2 SKY GARDEN 2 OFFICE TYPE 1 SKY GARDEN 1 PUBLIC PLAZA LOBBY
PARKING
6
N
0m
3
12 9
15
A
19
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING SKY GARDEN 1 A
SKY GARDEN 3 OFFICE TYPE 2 SKY GARDEN 2 OFFICE TYPE 1 SKY GARDEN 1 PUBLIC PLAZA LOBBY
PARKING
6
N
0m
3
12 9
15
A
20
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING TYPICAL OFFICE 1 A
2
Floor Area = 1446 m 2 Cores Area = 54.8 X 4 = 219 m (15%) Circulation = 198 m (14%) Occupants = 80
SKY GARDEN 3 OFFICE TYPE 2 SKY GARDEN 2 OFFICE TYPE 1 SKY GARDEN 1 PUBLIC PLAZA LOBBY
PARKING
6
N
0m
3
12 9
15
A
21
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING SKY GARDEN 2 A
2
Floor Area = 945 m 2 Cores Area = 54.8 X 4 = 219 m (23%) Circulation = 290 m (30%)
Prayer
SKY GARDEN 3 OFFICE TYPE 2 Kitchen
SKY GARDEN 2 OFFICE TYPE 1
PUBLIC PLAZA
SKY GARDEN 1 LOBBY
PARKING
6
N
0m
3
12 9
15
A
22
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING TYPICAL OFFICE 2 A
2
Floor Area = 1446 m 2 Cores Area = 54.8 X 4 = 219 m (15%) Circulation = 198 m (14%) Occupants = 80
SKY GARDEN 3 OFFICE TYPE 2 SKY GARDEN 2 OFFICE TYPE 1 SKY GARDEN 1 PUBLIC PLAZA LOBBY
PARKING
6
N
0m
3
12 9
15
A
23
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING SKY GARDEN 3 A
2
Floor Area = 945 m 2 Cores Area = 54.8 X 4 = 219 m (23%) Circulation = 391 m (40%)
SKY GARDEN 3 OFFICE TYPE 2 Kitchen
SKY GARDEN 2 OFFICE TYPE 1 SKY GARDEN 1 PUBLIC PLAZA LOBBY
PARKING
6
N
0m
3
12 9
15
A
24
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING SKY GARDEN 3 A
SKY GARDEN 3 OFFICE TYPE 2 SKY GARDEN 2 OFFICE TYPE 1 SKY GARDEN 1 PUBLIC PLAZA LOBBY
PARKING
6
N
0m
3
12 9
15
A
25
04.03 FACADES DESIGN SUNPATH & WIND ROSE Sunpath
Summer
Winter
North elevation has the less amount of sunlight with the south has the most in winter were the maximun sun angle is 41.
Reducing amount of hard light that enters the building
Derict sunlight to heat the building
Annually
Summer
Winter
N 10° 20° 30° 40° 50°
18:45 pm
5:05 am
60° 70° 80°
17:09 pm
6:33 am
NNW NW WNW
W
0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0
N NNE
NNW NE
NW ENE
WNW
E
WSW
ESE SW
SE SSW
SSE S
W
>10 m/s 8-10 m/s 6-8 m/s 4-6 m/s 2-4 m/s 0-2 m/s
Wind direction through out the year is from the north and the SSE.
16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%
N NNW
NNE
N NNE
20%
NW
NE
25%
NE
15% WNW
ENE
ENE
10% 5%
W
E
WSW
ESE SW
SE SSW
SSE S
>10 m/s 8-10 m/s 6-8 m/s 4-6 m/s 2-4 m/s 0-2 m/s
Wind direction in the summer is from the north.
E
0%
WSW
ESE SW
SE SSW
SSE S
>10 m/s 8-10 m/s 6-8 m/s 4-6 m/s 2-4 m/s 0-2 m/s
Wind direction in the winter is from the SSE.
26
04.03 FACADES DESIGN SIMULATIONS Normal
Glass Type
HVAC System
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Unit
U value glass
[W/m K]
1.9
1.0
1.0
Shading Device
[-]
No
No
No
HVAC System
[-]
VAV Temp.
VAV Temp.
Window Opening
[-]
No
No
Chilled Beam/ Ceiling
Equipment
[-]
84
84
84
MET
[-]
1.5
1.5
1.5
Occupant
[-]
80
80
80
2
No
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption
66
26.5
66
26.5
56
26
56
26
56
26
25.5
36
25
26
24.5
16 6
24
46
25.5
36
25
26
24.5
16 6
24
C
46
kWh/m2
26.5
kWh/m2
66
C
kWh/m2
Item
46
25.5
36
25
26
C
Frame work
24.5
16 6
24
op temperature
op temperature
op temperature
energy consumption
energy consumption
energy consumption
Total Energy Demand
Total Energy Demand
Total Energy Demand
88.6 kWh/m2.a
75.9 kWh/m2.a
66.6 kWh/m2.a
27
04.03 FACADES DESIGN SHADING STUDY SUMMER
9 am - East Facade
12 pm - South Facade
3 pm - West Facade
9 am - East Facade
12 pm - South Facade
3 pm - West Facade
WINTER
28
04.03 FACADES DESIGN SHADING SIMULATION Frame work
Normal
Glass Type
HVAC System
Shading
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Unit
U value glass
[W/m K]
1.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
Shading Device
[-]
No
No
No
Yes
HVAC System
[-]
VAV Temp.
VAV Temp.
Window Opening
[-]
No
No
Chilled Beam/ Ceiling
Chilled Beam/ Ceiling
Equipment
[-]
84
84
84
84
MET
[-]
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Occupant
[-]
80
80
80
80
2
No
Case 3
Case 4
Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption
No
26.5
66
26.5
56
26
56
26
25.5
36
25
26
24.5
16 6
24
46
25.5
36
C
46
kWh/m2
66
C
kWh/m2
Item
25
26
24.5
16 6
24
op temperature
op temperature
energy consumption
energy consumption
Total Energy Demand
Total Energy Demand
66.6 kWh/m2.a
47.7 kWh/m2.a
29
04.03 FACADES DESIGN CRITERIA & IDEAS
North Facade Criteria
Wind Protection Office
East & West Facade Criteria
Dust Protection Office
South Facade Criteria
Night Cooling Office
Green House Effect
30
04.03 FACADES DESIGN MOUDLE & FLEXBELITY North Facade
East & West Facade
South Facade
0.9 m
0.9 m
0.9 m
1.5 m
1.5 m
1.5 m
0.9 m
0.9 m
0.9 m
0.9 m
1.5 m 0.9 m
31
04.03 FACADES DESIGN NORTH FACADE
Chain Motor
Hinge Parallel Window Hinge
Chain Motor
32
04.03 FACADES DESIGN PI CONTROL WINDOW SIMULATION Frame work
Normal
Glass Type
HVAC System
Shading
PI Window
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
Unit
U value glass
[W/m K]
1.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Shading Device
[-]
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
HVAC System
[-]
VAV Temp.
VAV Temp.
Window Opening
[-]
No
No
Chilled Beam/ Ceiling
Chilled Beam/ Ceiling
Chilled Beam/ Ceiling
Equipment
[-]
84
84
84
84
84
MET
[-]
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Occupant
[-]
80
80
80
80
80
2
No
Case 4
Case 5
Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption
No
PI Temp. Control
26.5
66
26.5
56
26
56
26
25.5
36
25
26
24.5
16 6
24
46
25.5
36
C
46
kWh/m2
66
C
kWh/m2
Item
25
26
24.5
16 6
24
op temperature
op temperature
energy consumption
energy consumption
Total Energy Demand
Total Energy Demand
47.7 kWh/m2.a
36.8 kWh/m2.a
33
04.03 FACADES DESIGN SOUTH FACADE South Facade Criteria Preconditioning wind
Double facade type: Box window
Green House Effect
34
04.03 FACADES DESIGN DOUBLE FACADE (WINTER) Winter Air outlet
Green House Effect
Frame
Single Glazing
Air inlet
35
04.03 FACADES DESIGN DOUBLE FACADE (SUMMER) Summer Air outlet
Frame
Single Glazing
Air inlet
36
04.03 FACADES DESIGN DOUBLE FACADE SIMULATION Frame work
Normal
Glass Type
HVAC System
Shading
PI Window
Double Facade
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
Case 6
Unit
U value glass
[W/m K]
1.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Shading Device
[-]
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
HVAC System
[-]
VAV Temp.
VAV Temp.
Window Opening
[-]
No
No
Chilled Beam/ Ceiling
Chilled Beam/ Ceiling
Chilled Beam/ Ceiling
Chilled Beam/ Ceiling
Equipment
[-]
84
84
84
84
84
84
MET
[-]
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Occupant
[-]
80
80
80
80
80
80
2
No
No
PI Temp. Control
No
Case 5
Case 6
Comparison
Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption
Energy Consumption
26.5
66
26.5
56
26
56
26
25.5
C
36
25
26
24.5
16 6
24
46
100 90 80 70
25.5
36
60
C
46
kWh/m2
66
25
26
50 40
24.5
16 6
30 20
24
10 Case 1
op temperature
op temperature
energy consumption
energy consumption
Total Energy Demand
Total Energy Demand
36.8 kWh/m2.a
33.8 kWh/m2.a
kWh/m2
kWh/m2
Item
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
Case 6
0
37
04.03 FACADES DESIGN SKY GARDEN FACADE Green Wall Layers
Panel Box
Dripline
Waterproof Board
Support Structure
Gutter Structure
38
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING WEST ELEVATION
20 0m
10
40 30
50
39
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING SECTION A-A
34
SKY GARDEN 3 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18
SKY GARDEN 2 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
SKY GARDEN 1 1
G Road Lvl
20 0m
10
40 30
50
40
04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING ISOMETRIC
41
04. DESIGN 04.01 DESIGN CONCEPT 04.02 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 04.03 ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS & FACADES DESIGN 04.04 SYSTEMS
04.04 SYSTEMS STRUCTURE ELEMENTS
Shear Wall Cores
Court Bracing
Flat Slab
Exoskeleton Bracing
43
04.04 SYSTEMS HVAC DISTRUBUTION
Device
Device
Device
Device
Device
Device
Device Device
Device
Device Device
Device Device
Device
Device
Device
Device
Device
Device
Device
Device
Device
44