Revitlizing The Core -Historical Jeddah - Abdualaziz Alghamdi - Boutique Hotel by LESS Studio

Boutique Hotel Project KAUARCH LESS Studio 500 Level

Student : Abdulaziz Alghamdi 1207223

Supervised By : Dr. Muhannad Bayoumi Dr. Turki Shuaib

Google images - 360 Panoramic Â© Matteo Piazza

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Brief 1.2 Problem Statment 1.3 Objectives: 1.4.1 Social 1.4.2 Economical 1.4.3 Envairomental 1.4 Definitions 1.5 Case Studies 1.5.1 Lantern hotel 1.5.2 Sense Hotel 1.5.3 Kolumba Museum

2.0 SITE ANALYSIS 2.1 Physical Analysis 2.1.1 Site Surround 2.1.2 Site condition 2.1.3 Surround movement 2.1.4 Views 2.2 Climatic Analysis 2.2.1 Wind Analysis 2.2.2 Shadow Analysis 2.3 Buildings 2.3.1 On site buildings 2.3.2 Surround

3.1 Urban Strategies 3.2 Design Criteria 3.3 Design Standards 3.4 Spaces Relations

6.0 BUILDING SYSTEMS

5.0 BUILDING DESIGN 5.1 Plans 5.2 Sections 5.2.1 Section A-A 5.2.2 Climatic Analysis 5.2.3 Activities 5.3 Elevations 5.3.1 Openings 5.3.2 East Elevation 5.3.3 West Elevation 5.3.4 South Elevation 5.3.5 Materials

3.0 STRATEGIES AND GUIDELINE

5.5 Perspectives 5.5.1 Exterior Perspectives 5.5.1 Interior Perspectives

6.1 Structural system 6.2 Mechanical systems 6.2.1 HVAC system 6.2.2 Water supply and supply 6.2.3 Fire and lifesafety

4.0 DESIGN CONCEPT 4.1 Concept 4.2 Alternatives 4.3 Concept Development 4.3.1 Zoning 4.3.2 Mass Generation

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Project Brief Appraoch :

Project Objects :

Targeted users :

This project for a boutique hotel in Albalad the old town of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia revolves around the contemporary reconstruction and infill of a historical building. The hotel is situated in the east side of Al-Dahab street, in the area between Al-Dahab street and Abo Enba pathway.

1 Boutique Hotel : It has all the hotel's well-known facilities as well as the unique experience 2 Gallery : A place for artists and art lovers with a showroom and workshop 3 Retails : A range of retail outlets and cafĂŠs serve tourists and visitors to the area

Location :

Toursits

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Nassef house

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Citizens

Context :

Mimar Mousue Jamjoum house Mimar Mousue

Nor wali house

Nassef house

Jamjoum house Abo Enba

b Street Al-Daha

Al-Said Bldg.

Ala

Al-Shafee Axe

Naseef Qabel

Project site Source : Jeddah Zaman Photgraphy

1.0 Introduction

1.2 Problem Statement In contrast to the rest of the vital parts of Jeddah, the historical district has no appropriate levels of accomodation. this project aims to creat a point of attraction and a perfect condition accomodation. In addition, existing hotels are in poor condition and do not reflect the historical style and life of the area

Key : Hotel Node Attraction point Vehicels street Pedestrian street Pedestrian axe

Below are some newspaper clippings in 2016 and government agencies give time for hotel owners in the historic area to correct the bad conditions of hotels

Ala

Al-Shafee Axe

Naseef Qabel

1.0 Introduction

1.3 Objectives Vision :

To creat and build a new attraction in the historical area of Jeddah through a new experience that combines art and unique accommodation to attract tourists and citizens and link them to the history and the present.

Goals

Create a unique experience through art and artisits

Achieve the economic return for the project and the region as a whole

Achieve the principle of sustainability as much as possible

Sense Hotel / Lazzarini Pickering Architetti ÂŠ Matteo Piazza

Stratigies

Creteria

- Provide the opportunity for artists to participate in the design of the hotel

Give artists the opportunity to design spaces Artists choose the right places to show their works

- Create a suitable venue for performances and events for artists

Allocate a place of events for the participating artists Greatest amount of freedom in displaying artwork

- Allow users to interact with existing the different art activities

Create a place for users to experience art types Organizing art workshops for the hotel residents

- Focus on achieving the greatest financial return through the hotel segment

Differently designed rooms to achieve material diversity Allocate more space for hotel use

- Supporting artists and making a rewarding return on their artwork

Differently designed rooms to achieve material diversity Allocate more space for hotel use

- Use of low-cost materials with greater sustainability

Recycled waste of destroyed buildings Use of local materials

- Take advantage of old ways of building buildings to deal with environmental conditions in the best possible way

Design of building openings in a manner inspired by optimal methods of dealing with wind movement Use sustainable climate solutions that take into account the urban fabric and the prevailing pattern Achieve as much indirect natural light as possible through the interior spaces

- Reduce the impact of the building on the surrounding environment

Reduce dependence on consumer energy sources The use of gray water in the reuse of water consumed for irrigation

1.0 Introduction

1.4 Defenetions

What is the boutique hotel ?

Primary features :

Types :

The boutique hotel is a small hotel which typically has between 10 and 100 rooms.

Rich in Local Flavor : A Good Boutique Hotel Reminds You of Where You Are. Often, a boutique hotel conveys a strong sense of place. with a look that reflects the location's heritage.

Boutique hotels in city destinations : Location ranks number one on guests' priority lists. Good locations for boutique hotels are not determined only by manner of convenience, but also by the "trendiness" of thei respective neighborhoods. Entertainment in boutique hotels is an important dynamic in creating its own nature: a hip restaurant, lounge, and bar; an exceptional theme; and visually spectacular decorations.

Historical background : Boutique hotels began appearing in the 1980s in major cities like Paris, London, New York, and San Francisco. The term was coined by Steve Rubell in 1984 when he compared the Morgans Hotel, the first hotel he and Ian Schrager owned, to a boutique.

Character and identity : Boutique hotels are furnished in a themed, stylish and/or aspirational manner. In the United States, New York City remains an important centre for boutique hotels clustered about Manhattan. Boutique hotels are found in London, New York City, Miami, and Los Angeles. They are also found in resort destinations with exotic amenities such as electronics, spas and yoga. Boutique hotels are located usualy in the heart of the big cities and the historical areas to avoid the big effect on the context.

Ultra-Personal Service : A Small Hotel Means Better Service and a good boutique hotel makes exceptional, personal, five-star hospitality service its mission. Out Of standards : In contrast to the large hotels with standard specifications, boutique hotels are not boxed into standards; the definition and expression of a theme is a crucial path to success.Many boutique hotels introduce different themes in each guestroom, making every single stay unique, even for their repeat guests.

Administration Type : - independently owned - Member of a luxury hotel association - Brand of a bigger hotel label - Wing of a Big Hotel

Resort destinations : Exotic, small, and intimate. These boutique hotels give their guests a chance to explore the local feel without sacrificing luxury. Although location is just as important in resorts as it is in city destinations..

boutique hotels are being marketed in a manner that is similar to many other goods, where the experience and the image are sold, rather than the product itself.

Resource : "The Definition of Boutique Hotels - Written By: Lucienne Anhar - HVS International"

Adria Boutique Hotel - Londres, 88 Queens Gate, Londres, England

1.0 Introduction

1.5 Case studies

1.5.1 Lantern hotel :

Ground floor plan :

Typical floor plan :

Section 1 :

Section 2 :

Architects : ZLGdesign Location : Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Area : 2850.0 sqm Project Year : 2015 Guest rooms : 49 rooms From the architect, the existing shop houses at this site were demolished and were replaced with a huge building block of 5 levels, with no regards to the surrounding or the Malaysian heritage. Hong Leong Bank is operating at the first 2 levels. The 3 floors above which were empty over the last few years, was most recently used as a stationary/ bookstore as far as we know. The design process for The Lantern Hotel project started in 2012 with long periods of time to get the building facade approval from the authorities, getting the client to confirm room numbers and room layout. Achieving 49 guest rooms, all with attached bathroom, 2 dorms with each 6 beds and external bathroom.

1.0 Introduction

1.5 Case studies

Facade treatment :

Wall ventilation :

Typical floor plan :

They wanted the facade to be less obtrusive and to melt harmoniously with the hustle and bustle of the surroundings. They decided on locally manufactured, dark brown clay bricks from Johor Bahru and we studied different laying methods to allow for sufficient opening and laid the bricks in a manner to give a '3 dimensional' texture to the facade. They removed the existing windows and added a new facade on top of the exiting wall whereby they either added timber louver shutter windows at the existing openings or they carried the clay brick wall throughout the opening. The openings for the timber shutter/edges of the clay brick walls are 'framed' by 10mm thick MS steel plates in micaceous ion oxid finish and steel rod function as tie - backs are added for additional safety.

Interior spaces :

1.0 Introduction

1.5 Case studies

1.5.2 Sense Hotel :

Ground floor plan :

Typical floor plan :

Architects : Lazzarini Pickering Architetti Location : Ulitsa, Sofia, Bulgaria Project Year : 2015 This project for a hotel in Sofia revolves around the contemporary reconstruction of a historical building. The hotel is situated in Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard, one of the city’s most prestigious streets. As with all of Lazzarini Pickering’s work, the project creates an attentive dialogue with the site, despite its innovative form. Formal experimentation comes with the creation of second internal façade. The configuration of this shifting surface changes in direct relationship to needs of the hotel’s guests. It is composed of a series of adjustable opaque panels that can be used to modulate and screen relationship between interior and exterior. In continuous movement, the panels are finished in a warm golden yellow, homage to the golden domes of Alexsander Nevsky Cathedral, whose image is reflected in the hotel’s transparent façade.

3 5 4

1 3

Entrance Front office/Back office Service entrance Guest elevators Service elevators

2 4

1 2 3 4 5

Guest elevators Service elevators Staircase House keeping

1 2 3 4

1.0 Introduction

1.5 Case studies

1.5.3 Kolumba Museum : Architects : Peter Zumthor Location : Cologne, Germany Situated in Cologne, Germany, a city that was almost completely destroyed in World War II, the museum houses the Roman Catholic Archdiocese’s collection of art which spans more than a thousand years. Zumthor’s design delicately rises from the ruins of a late-Gothic church, respecting the site’s history and preserving its essence.

2.0 SITE ANALYSIS

2.0 Site analysis

2.1 Physical analysis 2.1.1 Site Surround :

The location of the project is located in the western strip of the conservative area within the historical area and is surrounded by many buildings of historical importance in addition to some medium or newly built buildings, where the importance of buildings varies within the parallel strip of the gold street from the east.

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2.0 Site Analysis

2.1 Physical analysis 2.1.2 Site condition :

The site is almost regular and has an area of about 700 square meters with land level varying from zero to about 2 m. The site contains two historical buildings located on half of the land area and a courtyard where artistic shows are held.

Area and policies :

Contour levels :

On site buildings :

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2.0 Site Analysis

2.1 Physical analysis

2.1.3 Surround movement :

Vehicles movement :

Pedestrian movement :

Noise :

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2.0 Site Analysis

2.1 Physical analysis 2.1.4 Views :

In this project, the views vary in importance in relative proportions, in general all the views towards the eastern directed to the historical area and buildings of interest while in the west the project overlooks the Al-Dahab street and the new intersection between the Qabel and Alawi streets.

Views from site :

Views to site :

Views through site :

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2.0 Site analysis

2.2 Climatice analysis 2.2.1 Wind analysis :

Wind flow :

Wind speeds vary by season, but often have a low velocity of 3-2 m/s from the northwest, and are mainly influenced by the layout of the country, affecting their speed and direction.

July :

wind simulation At July :

January :

wind simulation At January : N

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2.0 Site analysis

2.2 Climatic analysis 2.2.2 Shadow analysis Sunpath at June :

55 Degree

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20 Degree

9 am

Sunpath at December :

93 Degree

3 pm

33 Degree

Response :

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2.0 Site analysis

2.3 Buildings

2.3.1 On site buildings The site contains two historical buildings: 1 A historical building with a semi-good condition that is used as an art gallery and a charity-related building related to art and artists. 2 A partially demolished historic building with poor condition and residential use by some informal workers.

2.0 Site analysis

2.3 Buildings

2.3.2 Surround The building surrounds some historical and non-historical buildings of varying importance and the most important buildings are: 1 Jamjoum house 2 Mimar mousque 3 Nor-wali house

3.0 DESIGN GUIDLINES

Node B is located in the intersection of the most important anchors of Al-Balad ( Souq Al-alawi and Qabel) and Al-Dahab street which is the most active node in the region for pedestrian . The commercial use in this

3.0 Design Guidlines

3.1 Urban stratigies

node has been important because of it is historic Hajj road from the west to east (Bab Al-Bont to Bab Makkah). The basic problem here is the absence of history of the region and opportunities.

Souq Al-Nada Under consturction building 11 Floors

Demolished Site with historic background

Souq Qabel

02 01

03 04 02 Nassif Plaza

Non-historic building 10 Floors

A B

Demolished Site

C Historic Non-Historic

Can be demolished / treated

Row of non-historic buildings 3-2 Floors

3.0 Design Guidlines

3.2 Design creteria

the importance of the intersection be creating and designing an Ů&#x2039; attractive entrance to the area from the south which "Nouria market".

The masterplan framework provides the development of the node (C) by linking Souq Alawi and Qabel axis Strarting from Bab Makkah on the east to the Qzaza plaza on the west. Also Emphasizing the

2.4 3.2 1.3

2.3

2.1

1.3

3.3

3.1

1.4

1.2

1.1

2.2 3.2

3.2 3.2

2.1 1.3

3.2

3.3

1.4

1.1

3.3

1.3 3.3

3.2

1.3

1.2

3.3

2.3

2.1

2.2 3.1 3.2

2.2

3.2 3.2

2.3 3.1 2.2

1.3

3.1 1.1 3.1

1.3

2.2

3.2 3.2

1.2

1.3

1.1

3.1

3.2

2.1

1 Connectivity/link 1.1 Direct links between Al-Alawi and Qabel 1.2 Transition point the middle of the intersection 1.3 Attraction elements all the way to Nasef plaza 1.4 Redesign the intersection with Al-Dahab

2 Functions

B C Horizontal Link Plaza/Transition Opportunity to Develop

2.1 Recreate Souq Al-Noria below the intersection 2.2 Re-use some of the buildings as cultural and . . educational centers 2.3 Re-use the plaza infront of Alsaid building as a . . background for the cutural events 3 Existing buildings 3.1 Renovating Historical Buildings at Al-Alawi 3.2 Clean the remnants of the destroyed buildings

3.0 Design Guidlines

3.3 Design standards

Hotel design standards : Typical interrelationships between hotel parts on ground floor :

Typical interrelationships between hotel parts on ground floor :

Gallery design standards :

Regulations :

Typical interrelationships between gallery parts :

Entrance

Entrance Offices

Pleasure

Lobby

Reception

Amenities

Storage

V.C

Showroom

1 bedroom

Amenities

Windows and openings proportions :

1 suite

House keeping

Kitchen

2 bedroom

Workshop

3 bedroom Service Entrance

Office

Relationship between services and guest rooms on many typical hotels :

Vertical circulation in hotel :

Random circulation in Galleries :

Building Heights :

Service lane

Staircase Lefts lobby Key :

- Building heights according to parcel area

guests space

serivces space

barrier

entrance

links

Architect`s data, Earnest and Peter neufurt

Historical Jeddah building regulations, Jeddah Municipality

3.0 Design Guidlines

3.4 Spaces relations Main Objects :

Schematic Relations :

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4.0 DESIGN CONCEPT

4.0 Design Concept

4.1 Concept

The Gallery : An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art. Paintings usually are the most commonly displayed art objects. Many art museums throughout history have been designed with a cultural purpose or been subject to political intervention.

Types of Galleries :

Principles :

- Galleries in museums : The rooms in museums where art is displayed for the public. - Contemporary gallery : The term contemporary art gallery refers usually to a privately owned gallery. - Vanity galleries : A vanity gallery is an art gallery that charges fees from artists in order to show their work.

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4.0 Design concept

4.2 Design alternatives Alternative 1 :

Zoning :

Cross comparison :

Greater economical return through the use of spaces more in hotel and retails

Comparison :

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integration with context

4/5

Interaction betweem users

2/5

Artists spaces

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Economical income

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Artists spaces

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Economical income

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4.0 Design concept

4.3 Concept development Schematic zoning :

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Massing generation :

Hotel

Gallery

Retail

Restaurant

5.0 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

5.0 Architectural design 5.1 Plans 5.3.1 Ground floor plan on site :

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5.0 Architectural design 5.1 Plans

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5.3.1 Ground floor plan :

6 F

Hotel part : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Guest entrance Service entrance Lobby Lounge Bar Front office Back office Luggage room Guest elevator Service elevator Staircase

1 C

Shows space

Art gallery part : 12 13 14

Reception Showroom cafe

Retail part : 15 16

Restaurant Retail shop

Retail 20 sqm

14 13

A 1

A 3

5.0 Architectural design 5.1 Plans

First floor plan

6 F

7 10

Hotel part : Suite A Suite B Suite C Suite D Bedroom A Guest Elevator Service Elevator HVAC Electricity Plumbing House keeping

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

9 4

A C

Art gallery part :

Workshop

12 2

A 1

A 3

5.0 Architectural design 5.1 Plans

Second floor plan

6 F

Suite A Suite B Suite C Apartment Bedroom A Guest Elevator Service Elevator HVAC Electricity Plumbing House keeping ÂŤ Kharja Âť suite

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

A C

12 B

2 A 1

A 3

5.0 Architectural design 5.1 Plans

Third floor plan

6 F

Suite A Suite B Suite C Apartment Bedroom A Guest Elevator Service Elevator HVAC Electricity Plumbing House keeping ÂŤLa terrasseÂť suite

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

A C

12 B B

2 A 1

A 3

5.0 Architectural design 5.1 Plans

Fourth floor plan

6 F

Reception Waiting area Bar Indoor seating area Outdoor seating area Guest elevator Service Elevator HVAC Electricity Plumbing House keeping Kitchen

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Open to below

1 5 B

2 B

A 1

A 3

5.0 Architectural design 5.1 Plans Site plan:

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5.0 Architectural design 5.2 Section A-A Architectural :

18.10

Top roof level

Fourth floor level

14.90

Fourth floor level

Third floor level

11.70

Third floor level

Second floor level

8.50

First floor level

5.30

Hotel entrance level

2.10

11.70

Top roof level

Hotel entrance

Hotel lobby

Left lobby

The atrium

Atrium entrance

8.50

Second floor level

5.30

First floor level

0.30

Ground floor level

5.0 Architectural design 5.2 Section A-A Climatic analysis and ventilation : The heat coming from the sun radiation increases the efficiency air movement by heating

1 Direct wind coming from the north 2 breeze coming from the Eastern pathway

CFD analysis : Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Wind analysis : 1 Dirct wind from WEST 2 Breeze coming from EAST

5.0 Architectural design 5.2 Section A-A Activities :

outdoor terrace

Events and shows at the Atrium

Seating at lounge Eating at the restaurant

5.0 Architectural Design Introduction Approach : The major intent of infill in a district is to be a good neighbor. It is not merely an accumulation of borrowed features that achieves a successful relationship between old and new; the greatest chance of success comes from a combination of efforts including:

Design guidlines : Height : New buildings should generally be consistent with the existing height of buildings in the district and an absolute alignment with the rooflines.

Massing :

- A respect for the site - Sensitivity to the neighborhood - Assessment of the characteristics

Design principles : New construction should suggest the design principles of the Historic District :

- Size - Scale - Propotion - Color and materials In taking all of the above factors into account, it is possible that a compatible design scheme will be thoroughly contemporary, with compatibility achieved through the creative use of shapes, materials, rhythms, and other design elements.

The base or podium of the building should relate to the scale of other buildings.

Street wall : buildings should maintain the relationship to the property line characteristic of the district or block.

Rhythm : Windows and doors should be placed in a manner that is harmonious with the established rhythm of the district or block.

Continuity : The introduction of windows should not disrupt the feeling of continuity of the wall surface.

Materials and details: buildings should use materials similar to those in the district, including similar color. Materials should be used in a manner that creates details, incorporates textures or small-scale elements that give buildings a three-dimensional character and a â&#x20AC;&#x153;human scaleâ&#x20AC;? especially at the ground level.

Facade elements : Roshan : The roshan is a three-sided wooden structure extending outside of the house facade. The lower part of the roshan is made up of solid wood panels diagonally placed in a variety of patterns and styles. Main functions of roshan :

- Ventilation - Filtration - Lighting - Privacy - Decoration

Wooden roshan-s in Suakin - greenlaw, 1976

Doors : Apart from the roshan-s, wood was used also for the external doors. These usually have double leaves and are decorated with carved panels representing some of the finest carpentry and decoration in Arabia.

Manjur Patterns : The latter are to provide shade and admit gentle light as well as cool breeze desirable in Jeddah's hot climate. In addition, it is used for privacy to allow visibility from inside to outside.

carved door in Jeddah - Pesce, 1974 Manjur-s panels in Suakin - greenlaw, 1976

Source : Design Guidlines for infill construction in the historic districts

Source : Sence of Place, Preservation Alliance for Greater Philadelphia. 2007

Source : The historical city of Jeddah, Nomination document for the incription on the UNESCO world heritage list

5.0 Architectural Design

5.3 Elevations

5.3.1 Facade opinings :

Phase I

Phase II

Phase III

By studying the percentage of openings in the historic building, the openings are designed with the same proportions, so that the goal of integration with the context is achieved and the historical building has got more importance

Studying the proportions of the historical building and the relationship between solid and void

Phase IV

Forming a vertical extension parallel to the most important elements in the historic building to further enhance excellence

Analysin the main and secondary facade elements of the historical building

Phase V

Design the openings of the new building with the same proportions of openings in the historic building along the facade

Emphasizing the main elements of the historic building with elements in the new building

Phase VI

Achieve diversity and gradation through mass rises in parallel with the proportions of the historic building

5.0 Architectural Design

5.3 Elevations

5.3.2 East elevation :

5.3.3 West elevation :

5.0 Architectural Design

5.3 Elevations

5.3.4 South elevation :

2 3 T p te ̀ cin C o iry g th ˻ ˹

5.3.5 Materials : Facade materials and texures :

Lime stone «Manqabi bricks»

White concrete

Double glazed windows

Grain wood pallets

5.0 Building Design

5.5 Perspectives

5.0 Building Design

5.5 Perspectives

5.0 Building Design

5.5 Perspectives

6.0 BUILDING SYSTEMS

6.0 Building systems

6.1 Structural system

Sturcture system components :

Sturctural model :

Sturctural grid system: 1

2 6.30

3 2.40

4 7.2

5 7.2

6 5.9

3.20

Reinforced Concrete slab - 30cm

Reinforced Concrete Beam - 30x80cm

Reinforced Concrete Beam - 30x60cm

6.0

Reinforced Concrete slab - 30cm

3.20

D 5.1

Reinforced Concrete Beam - 30x60cm

5.4

3.20

Reinforced Concrete slab - 30cm

Reinforced Concrete Beam - 30x60cm

B B Manqabi brick shear wall 60cm

Reinforced Concrete slab - 30cm Concrete slab

6.6

3.80

Reinforced Concrete slab - 30cm

Reinforced Concrete Beam - 30x30cm

A A 1

Shear wall pyramid footing

In the treatment of the historic building the internal walls were removed and the external structural system preserved

Since the structural system is most often added to the structural system of the historical building, the structural dimensions of the historic building must be considered, so the structural system seems to be irregular but often centered around common dimensions.

6.0 Building systems

6.2 Mechanical systems 6.2.1 HVAC system :

6.2.3 Fire system and lifesafety : 5

Based on the fire resistance chapter in the Saudi construction code (section -2 Group R) in Hotels and hostels :

1- The length of the entrance of the escape route is not more than (100 m) with water sprinklers. 2- If the passageway is closed by one side, it must not exceed 15m in the case of water sprinklers.

Return

3 2 1

Controller

7 1 Incoming aire fan 2 Cooling coils 3 Heating coils 4 Chiller 5 Boiler 6 HVAC working area 7 Air extract fan

Package System Air supply path

HVAC system shaft Air return path

6.2.2 Plumbing system : V. Stack Plumbing shaft Return

Supply

Water pumper

Drainage Water tank

-The maximum distance in this floor area is 43m

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