2021 Hantang Li TERM 1 BOOKLET

TERM 1

TERM 1 BOOKLET

CITY-FARMLAND-FOREST DEGROWTH-ENGAGE-CONSEQUENTIAL Architectural Association (AA)School of Architecture AA Landscape Urbanism 2020-2021 TERM 1 Portfolio Hantang Li

Architectural Association School of Architecture Msc Landscape Urbanism 2021-2022

CONTENTS

02

[Degrowth : Church Street]

02

[Directors] Jose Alfredo Ramirez Galindo Eduardo Rico-Carranza [Studio master] Clara Oloriz [Technical tutors] Daniel Kiss Camila Arretche

How policies have been shaping and could shape processes of urbanisation using as case study the city and boroughs of LONDON.

Carlotta Olivari

[Engage : Rewilding] Hantang Li

02

Develop ideas of how to make the process more engaging, attractive to the user, easy to work with and, ultimately, more effective.

In Collaboration With: [Degrowth : Church Street] Guang Yang Hengyuan Liu Rulan Xu

[Engage : Rewilding] Yu Zhang Xueyu Wang Jiaxuan LI

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE] Sara Halaoui Yuhan Yin Yuting Liu

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE ] AIms to get to think about consequential landscape through unveiling the stories of material movement. Build Anatomical map with timeline cartography as a series of maps and sections that visualise forms of re-territorialisation through policies, technologies, productive apparatuses and narrative structure to uncover the argu-ment behind the critical cartographies.

02

[Degrowth : Church Street] The writer of Novel helped us find church street area in the north of Westminster borough, the area where we can most feel the gap between the rich and the poor and the sense of alienation in the big city.

[Degrowth : Church Street]

[Degrowth : Church Street]

Draw By Hengyan Liu

Commercial

In community part, Some residents are still struggling in their lives and do not have enough skills and knowledge to support their families. The public facilities such as health care and library that they rely on are too old to lose connection with local residents.

Data Collect: Hengyuan Liu, Guang Yang Image Production: Hengyan Liu

Draw By Hengyan Liu

Community

In commercial part, with the high business rate, many shops and market pits of the same type also intensifies competition.

Focusing on Church Street

In the 1830s wealthy people gathered on Church Street, including the famous writer George Eliot, who came here every week.

Church Street was once expected to rival Covent Garden. But the neighbourhood was badly damaged during the Blitz and the old market site was redeveloped as part of the Church Street estate after the war. More council flats filled the street’s hinterland in the following decades, some controversially replacing properties that could have been restored.

Church Street Market which is the most diverse ethnic community in this area.

By analyzing the social hierarchy of the population, it is found that unemployed people and uneducated groups account for a large proportion.

Hub-Ecology

Image Production: Hengyan Liu

In ecology part, The infrastructure is old and the drainage system will be affected in extreme weather.

[Degrowth : Church Street]

[Degrowth : Church Street]

Draw By Hengyan Liu

Concept

it will provide a place for people from outside the community to learn, interact and share multicultural activities, thus strengthening the ties with the surrounding area and demonstrating the true charm of church street.

Draw By Hengyan Liu

Concept of New Church Street We summarized the different aspect of issues mentioned above, and analyzed the situation on the site and the policy documents of the Westesminster Council.

We identify the unused space in the corresponding site based on different needs and problem-solving methods.

Concept

we plan to use market street as a medium to make use of the underutilised space of the site, through renovation and re-organisation, in a prototype of ‘market street + community education hub’, to educate the local residents of the community (especially families who have difficulties in their lives, such as Single mothers who are still unemployed) to teach them the necessary skills and knowledge as well as providing a sustainable market space.

Draw By Hengyan Liu

Base on the founded local communities needs and located Attractive potential spaces. We design and renew several tings in the area and space. including the spaces of community education space, new ecofriendly landscape design and the replaning of business base on the block.

Draw By Hantang Li

[Degrowth : Church Street]

[Degrowth : Church Street]

Draw By Hantang LI

Education Space

Draw By Hantang Li

Design Scheme

Draw By Hantang Li

The design scheme is based on the problem solving. We tried to renovate the old site with series of new methodologies regarding to different aspects.

Poverty rates interact with low education rates. Provide educational activities to local and neighboring residents through community-led educational spaces as a medium Modular furniture landscapes are used and combined according to different educational use scenarios, such as discussions, demonstrations and field practice. The furniture can be freely combined and moved and easily replicated in other areas.

Draw By Hantang Li

Detailed Design And Community

The additional structure is derived from the roof of the store, as part of the residential roof garden landscape, and also allows the store and the stall to form an integral part and an inward facing street between the stall and the store. People can find the message of the store on both sides as they walk through, instead of the tent of the original stall blocking the signage of the store facing the street.

Draw By Rulan Xu

Internal Service of Community Education Hub

The vault enhances the community accessibility, improves the building permeability and more importantly, creates a strong suggestion for people to travel across the spaces with varies levels of publicness.

[Degrowth : Church Street]

[Degrowth : Church Street]

Final Consequence

Selected Five

We then selected five market streets with similar conditions to church street and analysed the unutilised space of market street and treat it as the potential space for community education hub.

Methodology of Prototype

By exploring and transforming under-utilised spaces within the site and using market street as a medium to provide the whole community with a place for education, skills, psychological counselling and other events,at the same time, we provide the surrounding communities and different groups with a good environment for cultural exchange and learning, further promoting the commercial development of the local market to reach a virtuous cycle.

In the long run, more and more market streets will be connected by community education hubs. Especially for underdeveloped communities, our market + community education hubs may not change their lives instantly, but they are able to give those communities a more positive consequence on their future outcomes.

Draw By Guang Yang

[Engage : Rewilding]

£1.6 billion annual subsidy farmers receive for owning or renting land will be phased out, and the money will be used to pay them to restore wild habitats, create new woodlands, improve soils and reduce pesticide use.

[Engage : Rewilding]

[Engage : Rewilding]

Draw BY: Yu Zhang

Draw BY: Yu Zhang

ARGICULTURAL LAND CLASSIFICATION PROVISIONAL ENGLAND

Agriculture

Greenhouse gas emissions are distributed across the various parts of the food system. But the transport of food – the famous “food mile” – actually accounts for only 13% of the food system’s total carbon footprint. In fact, agriculture accounts for the most.

Agriculture in the United Kingdom uses 69% of the country’s land area.

Agricultural acti vity occurs in most rural locations. It is concentrated in the drier east (for crops) and the wetter west (for livestock). There are 212,000 farm holdings, which vary widely in size. Therefore, in order to reduce the greenhouse eff ect, it is necessary to design the farm reasonably.

[Engage : Rewilding]

[Engage : Rewilding]

Draw By: Xueyu Wang Hantang Li Yu Zhang

Engage Rewilding Website Rewilding is a gradual method of protecti on. It’s about let-ti ng nature take care of itself so that natural processes can shape land and oceans, repair damaged ecosystems and restore degraded landscapes. Through re-wildization, the natural rhythm of wild animals creates a wilder and more biologically diverse habitat.

The eight steps of Rewilding. This is to let people know from the start what rewilding is all about Draw By: Xueyu Wang, Jiaxuan Li, Hantang Li

Data Collection and Feedback share their designs on the platf orm and also click to display drawings by other designers with the identi -ty of the person who drew them and the benefi ts of the site he drew next to them for others to refer to and collect.

[Engage : Rewilding]

[Engage : Rewilding]

Locate The Farm

Draw BY: Yu Zhang

Planting Information

Agricultural Data Computing The data contains specific location information, land properties, some field photos, and biodiversity information

Unite And Share

Draw BY: Jiaxuan LI

Visualization Draw Your Farm

Draw BY: Yu Zhang Hantang LI

Generate sectional perspectives to show specific agricultural planting areas and projected impacts and benefits

[Engage : Rewilding]

[Engage : Rewilding]

Draw BY: Yu Zhang

APP Display

Draw BY: Hantang Li

Expord

The rewilding farm transformation can be extended to a wide range of private farmers in the surrounding area

Rewilding Farming

Draw BY: Jiaxuan LI

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE] “ The construction of landscape in one place is related to transformation elsewhere” Both time and space get transformed when exploring the origin of materials and its journey from source to site.

The finished products project far beyond the limits of a project, it becomes part of an anthropogenic transformation o

Ipê

LIFE CYCLE

EKKI

2years

10years

GREENHEART

1year

1000years

1200years

15years

REDWOOD 3years

IPE

20years

2000years

3years

30years

2500years US WOOD CONSUMPTION HISTORY

BRAZIL

DEFORESTATION

HUMAN INTERVENTION 1980S

1956

2006

2009

Wood Demand curves Redwood

Softwoods Tropical woods Reclaimed woods IPE

WOOD MATERIALS CONSUMPTION

US

Early settler loggers used dynamite to break redwood into pieces

1904

1850

The American Wood Protection Association established

the first commercial redwood logging area

1937

1940

‘’without any cutting restrictions’’

Tropical woods uesd for railroads and public works

Around 1980s

1960

1956

redwoods: “most versatile materials’’

Tropical woods import increased by 400% in the following twenty years

!

near-decimation of redwoods the remaining were listed as protection chemically treated softwoods and a few tropical woods entered the market

1990

Three speciesof tropical woods have become the most popular materials for landscape architects

Greenheart

Ipe

2003

2009 High Line phase I

toxic softwoods

2011 High Line phase II

CCA

suck sap and air out of wood

Fir

MERRY X’MAS AALUers

7% OLD GROWTH FOREST OLD GROWTH FOREST

res ist

support

US

AIR

suppier

AIR

USA

WEST COAST

US

supervise

(SEQUOIA SEROPERVIRENS)

US

AIR

an international non-governmental organization wilderness preservation reduction of human impact on the environment

supervise

chromated copper arsenate

SAP

Southern pine

REDWOOD

USA

The World Wide Fund for Nature

Forest Stewardship Council -an international non-profit, multistakeholder organization -promotes responsible management of the world's forests.

Ekki

?

2014 High Line phase III

inject preservatives

t

por

sup

2% MATURE 2ND GENERATION

WEST AFRICA

41% INTERMEDIATE SECOND GENERATION

INSULATION

DEFORESTED AREAS

IPE (TABEBUIA IMPETIGINOSA)

1.6 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

SS

ate

Export

d d

at

ed

resis

Insect

tant

-re

sistan

t

Heat-re

N PI

E

TEAK

GLOBAL WOOD CONSUMERS:

BIGGEST CONTRIBUTORS TO DEFORESTATION

IPE

Sawmill / Field of domed charocal oven

NORTH AMERICA

LATIN AMERICA

EUROPE

THE 7 INDICATORS Botanical Identification

COMMODITY DRIVEN

AND THE CYCLE GOES ON! The drivers causing deforestation and forest degradation are diverse, operate at multiple scales, and their specific influence may change over time.

DEFORSTATION

PARA

The following sheds light on the natural lifecycle of different precious species.

It highlights the years from which a seed grows to a young tree and then a matures, followed by the years were it strives within its habitat to decay naturally into the soil

RUSSIA, CHINA, SOUTH ASIA

Logging management

AFRICA

TIMBER

1986

1999

Location of trees list(IPE)

Remaining trees

Logging

AUSTRIA

CHINA

GUADELOUPE

ISRAEL

100-Hectare work units

Ipe Mahogany Paricá

IPE TREE

90years

30years

BRAZIL

Browse Anatomical Mapping

URBANIZATION

OCEANA

Identification tags

Stump (height)

A 5,000-Hectare forest site

Logging

SHIFTING AGRICULTURE

USA

Size (dimaeter)

Illegal logging

FORESTRY CHINA

UK

Transport

WILDFIRE

2020

GERMANY

Slaves

SOUTH EAST ASIA

2010

ITALY

Weste wood

1990

2000

CANADA

Grade and Cut

Shaped wood

N

LLA HY OP CR MA

ER

HARDNESS

Cut and burn

PROCESS

Refined wood

M

OOD

Non-fillet Frozen fish

al

ic ed

GR EEN HE ART BL AC K LO TE CUS AK T

Sawn wood

io

ct

ru

st

Con

n

Processed fish

USE

ON MM CO

r

rio

Inte

FIR

BLACK LOCUST

EK K I

/port

ing

build

UTH

EKKI

REDW

d

Railroa

Boat

SO

IPE REDWOOD GREENHEART

IPE

Tools/Furniture

PRICE

EKKI

TEAK

US

IPE REDWOOD GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

FRANCE

Water-resistant

SPAIN

nt

DENMARK

sista

PANAMA

DURA BLEN E

te

trea

re

w

re

Lo

al-

AVERAGE SIZE

m -t

-t

rate

TEAK

er ure

al

High

ess

ic

Fire-

de

Th

BLACK LOCUST

actions to stop destroying rainforestsand heating up the planet

One of the largest wood exporters in the state of Pará

Mo

Pr

m

EKKI

Rainforest and new york climate change action group campaign

Cikal

TH ENG STR

T EN

Che

IPE REDWOOD GREENHEART

The Instituto Floresta Tropical - Environment protection - Forest extraction

JAPAN

EKKI

TEAK

GUYANA GREEN HEART (CHLOROCARDIUM RODIEI)

2020 BRAZIL EXPORTS

IPE REDWOOD GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

EKKI (LOPHIRA ALATA)

NETHERLANDS

0.13 MILLION ACRES LEFT

BELGIUM

2.2 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

TR EA TM

22

HOUSES

AVERAGE AGE

1

COASTAL REDWOOD TREE

PROTUGAL

YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

+ COAST REDWOOD FOREST RANGE Giant Sequoia Forest Range

BRAZIL_PARA

50% YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

2009

60years

Four of these are harvested each years and then rest for 30- years

2021

Soybeans

Chocolate

Coffee

Corn Sugar Vanilla

Mine

Rubber

Palm oil Rice Bananas Pineapples

Cocoa

Brazil nuts

Draw By Yihan Yin Yuting Liu Sara Halaoui, Hantang Li

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

Ipê

LIFE CYCLE

EKKI

2years

10years

GREENHEART

1year

1000years

1200years

15years

REDWOOD 3years

IPE

20years

2000years

3years

30years

2500years US WOOD CONSUMPTION HISTORY

BRAZIL

DEFORESTATION

HUMAN INTERVENTION 1980S

1956

Wood Demand curves Softwoods Tropical woods Reclaimed woods IPE

2009

Around 1980s

1960

1956

redwoods: “most versatile materials’’

Tropical woods import increased by 400% in the following twenty years

near-decimation of redwoods the remaining were listed as protection chemically treated softwoods and a few tropical woods entered the market

1990

Three speciesof tropical woods have become the most popular materials for landscape architects

Greenheart

Ipe

2003

2009 High Line phase I

toxic softwoods

2011 High Line phase II

CCA

OLD GROWTH FOREST

41% INTERMEDIATE SECOND GENERATION

1.6 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

TH ENG STR

actions to stop destroying rainforestsand heating up the planet

One of the largest wood exporters in the state of Pará

Export

d

ted

-res

SS

ista

nt

Insec

t-res

istan

t

Heat-re

GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

ing/

build

GREE NHE

rior

Inte

BL ACK

n

tio

ruc

nst Co

TEA K

al

dic

Me

FIR

E

PHYLL

A

TEAK

GLOBAL WOOD CONSUMERS:

BIGGEST CONTRIBUTORS TO DEFORESTATION

IPE

PROCESS

NORTH AMERICA

LATIN AMERICA

EUROPE

Botanical Identification

URBANIZATION

OCEANA

RUSSIA, CHINA, SOUTH ASIA

Logging management

AFRICA

IPE TREE

PARA

BRAZIL

TIMBER Soybeans

Chocolate

Coffee

Corn Sugar Vanilla

Mine

Rubber

Palm oil Rice Bananas Pineapples

Cocoa

Brazil nuts

1986

1999

Location of trees list(IPE)

Remaining trees

Logging

100-Hectare work units

Ipe Mahogany Paricá 90years

30years

DEFORSTATION

Identification tags

Stump (height)

A 5,000-Hectare forest site

Logging

SHIFTING AGRICULTURE COMMODITY DRIVEN

USA

Size (dimaeter)

Illegal logging

FORESTRY

2020

AUSTRIA

CHINA

GUADELOUPE

ISRAEL

Image Production: Yuting Liu THE 7 INDICATORS

WILDFIRE

CHINA

UK

Weste wood

Slaves

Transport

SOUTH EAST ASIA

2010

GERMANY

Grade and Cut

Sawmill / Field of domed charocal oven

1990

2000

FRANCE

Cut and burn

T

N PI

CRO MA

HARDNESS

ART

LOC US

RN HE UT

ON MM CO

Boat

US

EKKI

port

SO

IPE EKKI

REDWOOD

d

Railroa

USE

TEAK

REDWOOD GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

IPE

re

Tools/Furnitu

PRICE

EKKI

ITALY

sistant

Water-resistant

IPE REDWOOD

CANADA

DURA BLEN E

AVERAGE SIZE

d ate

tre

ate

ea

Rainforest and new york climate change action group campaign

Cikal

e

tre

Low

TEAK

al-

GREENHEART

rm

re-

l-tr

erat

ssu

ica

Fire

High

The

Pre

em

BLACK LOCUST

Mod

T EN

Ch

IPE EKKI

rt

po

sup

The Instituto Floresta Tropical - Environment protection - Forest extraction

SPAIN

EKKI

TEAK

REDWOOD

GUYANA

GREEN HEART (CHLOROCARDIUM RODIEI)

DENMARK

IPE REDWOOD GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

US

WEST AFRICA

EKKI (LOPHIRA ALATA)

PANAMA

0.13 MILLION ACRES LEFT

IPE (TABEBUIA IMPETIGINOSA)

2009

60years

2021

Four of these are harvested each years and then rest for 30- years

Shaped wood

2.2 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

Refined wood

Giant Sequoia Forest Range

DEFORESTED AREAS

22

HOUSES

TR EA TM

1

COASTAL REDWOOD TREE

BRAZIL_PARA

50% YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

INSULATION

AVERAGE AGE

COAST REDWOOD FOREST RANGE

US

inject preservatives

2% MATURE 2ND GENERATION

YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

+

support

AIR

suck sap and air out of wood

Fir

MERRY X’MAS AALUers

7% OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

AIR

USA

suppier

(SEQUOIA SEROPERVIRENS)

res ist

supervise

SAP

Southern pine

REDWOOD

USA

The World Wide Fund for Nature

an international non-governmental organization wilderness preservation reduction of human impact on the environment

supervise

chromated copper arsenate

WEST COAST

2014 High Line phase III

Forest Stewardship Council -an international non-profit, multistakeholder organization -promotes responsible management of the world's forests.

Ekki

JAPAN

Tropical woods uesd for railroads and public works

NETHERLANDS

1940

!

BELGIUM

1937

‘’without any cutting restrictions’’

Processed fish

The American Wood Protection Association established

Non-fillet Frozen fish

1904

1850

the first commercial redwood logging area

PROTUGAL

used dynamite to break redwood into pieces

Sawn wood

Early settler loggers

Ipe, is a tropical hardwood sourced primarily from Brazil and Peru.

There are over 30 subspecies of Ipe ?with different colours such as yellow, purple and pink; and appear at very low densities.

Their slight, winged seeds get caught in foliage as they fall from the canopy and are quickly consumed by tapir and deer on the forest floor, reducing its chances to grow abundantly in the forest.

2020 BRAZIL EXPORTS

WOOD MATERIALS CONSUMPTION

US

2006

Tree Lifecycle

Redwood

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

Drivers of deforestation

Draw By Sara Halaoui

Draw By Sara Halaoui

Global deforestation

Draw By Sara Halaoui

Both forest degradation and deforestation tend to reflect wider political, social and economic transitions facing societies such as urbanization, commodification, globalization, agricultural intensification and lately growing environmental effects linked to climate change.

The most common direct pressures causing deforestation and severe forest degradation can be classified in five groups: 1.Shifting Agriculture 2. Commodity driven deforestation3. Forestry 4. wildfire 5. urbanization

Drivers of deforestation This wood trade has led to massive deforestation.

USA imported most of its hardwoods, especially ipe from the state of para in brazil.

Brazil’s economy relied previously on the trade of several products such as cocoa and rubber. At later stages the economy shifted towards timber trade.

This wood trade has led to massive deforestation.

Draw By Sara Halaoui

AIR

WOOD CON

USA

WEST COAST 7% OLD GROWTH FOREST

AIR

suck sap and air out of wood

Fir

MERRY X’MAS AALUers

OLD GROWTH FOREST

inject preservatives

2% MATURE 2ND GENERATION

41% INTERMEDIATE SECOND GENERATION 50% YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

1

COASTAL REDWOOD TREE

DEFORESTED AREAS

22

2.2 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

HOUSES

0.13 MILLION ACRES LEFT

IPE REDWOOD EKKI GREENHEART

T EN

SS

DURA BLEN E

AVERAGE SIZE

e

rat

High

sis

ct-re

de

TEAK

Inse

at

ed

d

BLACK LOCUST

-re

re

at

w Lo

EKKI GREENHEART

Fire

-t

re

te

REDWOOD

re

l-t

a re

IPE

su

ica

-t

es

em

al

Pr

Ch

Mo

TEAK

TH ENG STR

m er Th

BLACK LOCUST

BRAZIL_

IPE (TABEBUIA IMPETI

1.6 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

TR EA TM

COAST REDWOOD FOREST RANGE

Giant Sequoia Forest Range

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

INSULATION

AVERAGE AGE

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

+

ed

tan

t

sista

nt

Heat-

resist

ant

Water-resistan

t

IPE EKKI GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

ns

Co

n

tio

c tru

al

ic

ed

GR EEN HE AR BL T AC KL TE OC AK US T

N PI

E

HARDNESS

OOD

RN HE UT

M

SO

ON MM CO

r

erio

Int

LLA HY OP CR MA

GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

tb

Boa

EK K I

ort

g/p

in uild

FI R

IPE EKKI

REDW

oad

Railr

USE

TEAK

REDWOOD

IPE

niture

Tools/Fur

PRICE

REDWOOD

TEAK

GLOBAL WOOD CONSUMERS:

BIGGEST CONTRIBUTORS TO DEFORESTATION

1990

NORTH AMERICA

2000

LATIN AMERICA

EUROPE

SOUTH EAST ASIA WILDFIRE FORESTRY

2010

SHIFTING AGRICULTURE COMMODITY DRIVEN

CHINA 2020

URBANIZATION

USA

OCEANA

RUSSIA, CHINA, SOUTH ASIA

AFRICA

IPE TREE

Draw By Yihan Yin Yuting Liu Sara Halaoui,

DEFORSTATION Drivers Of Deforestation

TIMBER

ZIL

Both forest degradation and deforestation tend to reflect wider political, social and economic transitions facing societies such as urbanization, commodification, globalization, agricultural intensification and lately growing environmental effects linked to climate change.

Soybeans

Chocolate

Coffee

Corn Sugar Vanilla

Mine

1986

Comparing Different Wood Materials

1999

The demand for wood depends on the characteristics of the wood itself.

The average age, size, price per unit and hardness of the wood are usually the essential criteria for ranking timber. It is worth mentioning that Ipe is five times harder than ordinary hardwood and also performs better in terms of resistances. However, the decay rate of timber increases almost multifold compared to the natural growth of trees.

IP

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

Ipê

LIFE CYCLE

EKKI

2years

10years

GREENHEART

1year

1000years

1200years

15years

REDWOOD 3years

IPE

20years

2000years

3years

30years

2500years US WOOD CONSUMPTION HISTORY

BRAZIL

DEFORESTATION

HUMAN INTERVENTION 1980S

1956

2006

2009

Wood Demand curves Redwood

Softwoods Tropical woods Reclaimed woods IPE

WOOD MATERIALS CONSUMPTION

US

Early settler loggers used dynamite to break redwood into pieces

1904

1850

The American Wood Protection Association established

the first commercial redwood logging area

1937

1940

‘’without any cutting restrictions’’

Tropical woods uesd for railroads and public works

Around 1980s

1960

1956

redwoods: “most versatile materials’’

Tropical woods import increased by 400% in the following twenty years

!

near-decimation of redwoods the remaining were listed as protection chemically treated softwoods and a few tropical woods entered the market

1990

Three speciesof tropical woods have become the most popular materials for landscape architects

Greenheart

Ipe

2003

2009 High Line phase I

toxic softwoods

2011 High Line phase II

Ekki

CCA

res ist

support

US

suppier

OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

suck sap and air out of wood

Fir

MERRY X’MAS AALUers

7% OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

AIR

USA

supervise

(SEQUOIA SEROPERVIRENS)

WEST COAST

The World Wide Fund for Nature

an international non-governmental organization wilderness preservation reduction of human impact on the environment

supervise

chromated copper arsenate

REDWOOD

USA

SAP

Southern pine

inject preservatives

ort

supp

2% MATURE 2ND GENERATION

WEST AFRICA

41% INTERMEDIATE SECOND GENERATION

INSULATION

DEFORESTED AREAS

SS

ea

te

ted

Export

d

sist

ant

ct-re

sista

nt

Heat-

E

TEAK

GLOBAL WOOD CONSUMERS:

BIGGEST CONTRIBUTORS TO DEFORESTATION

NORTH AMERICA

LATIN AMERICA

EUROPE

IPE

Sawmill / Field of domed charocal oven

THE 7 INDICATORS Botanical Identification

COMMODITY DRIVEN URBANIZATION

OCEANA

RUSSIA, CHINA, SOUTH ASIA

Logging management

AFRICA

RAZIL

RA

TIMBER Soybeans

Chocolate

IPE TREE

Coffee

Corn Sugar Vanilla

Mine

Rubber

Palm oil Rice Bananas Pineapples

1986

1999

Location of trees list(IPE)

Remaining trees

Logging

100-Hectare work units

Ipe Mahogany Paricá 90years

30years

DEFORSTATION

Identification tags

Stump (height)

A 5,000-Hectare forest site

Logging

SHIFTING AGRICULTURE CHINA

Size (dimaeter)

Illegal logging

FORESTRY

USA

AUSTRIA

CHINA

GUADELOUPE

ISRAEL

UK

GERMANY

ITALY

CANADA

Weste wood

Transport

WILDFIRE

2020

SPAIN

Grade and Cut

Slaves

SOUTH EAST ASIA

2010

DENMARK

Cut and burn

PROCESS

1990

2000

PANAMA

FRANCE

US

PIN

LLA HY OP CR MA

HARDNESS

OOD

GREE NH EAR BL T AC K LO CU ST

TE AK

l

ca

di

Me

2009

60years

2021

Four of these are harvested each years and then rest for 30- years

Shaped wood

on

cti

tru

ns

Refined wood

rior

Inte

Co

FIR

O MM CO

EKKI

rt

/po

ding

RN HE UT

GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

REDW

ad

Railro

Boa

SO

IPE EKKI

t buil

SE NU

TEAK

REDWOOD

Non-fillet Frozen fish

EKKI

PRICE

REDWOOD GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

IPE

JAPAN

nt

ture

Tools/Furni

NETHERLANDS

resista

Water-resistant

IPE

Sawn wood

DURA BLEN E

AVERAGE SIZE

-tr

ed at

-re

re

Fire Inse

-t

re

rea

Low

TEAK

al

su

l-t

ate

EKKI GREENHEART

actions to stop destroying rainforestsand heating up the planet

Draw ByW Hantang Li

High

es

ica

der

m er Th

Pr

em

BLACK LOCUST

Rainforest and new york climate change action group campaign

Cikal

One of the largest wood exporters in the state of Pará

TH ENG STR

T EN

Ch

IPE

The Instituto Floresta Tropical - Environment protection - Forest extraction

Mo

TEAK

REDWOOD

GUYANA GREEN HEART (CHLOROCARDIUM RODIEI)

Processed fish

GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

EKKI (LOPHIRA ALATA)

BELGIUM

IPE EKKI

IPE Logging Method

IPE (TABEBUIA IMPETIGINOSA)

1.6 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

PROTUGAL

0.13 MILLION ACRES LEFT

2020 BRAZIL EXPORTS

2.2 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

TR EA TM

22

HOUSES

AVERAGE AGE

1

COASTAL REDWOOD TREE

BRAZIL_PARA

50% YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

+ COAST REDWOOD FOREST RANGE Giant Sequoia Forest Range

REDWOOD

The Ipe tree has a sparse yield of typically 0.52 cubic metres per hectare, with a dense distribution of up to 2.6 cubic metres per hectare.

Logging centres are set up along the route by logging companies, with logging licences issued and certified by IBAMA and the government, to carry out controlled and continuous exploitation programmes, such as dividing the land into small plots and only allowing the exploitation of Ipe resources within the area every 35 years.

?

2014 High Line phase III

Forest Stewardship Council -an international non-profit, multistakeholder organization -promotes responsible management of the world's forests.

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

Ipê

LIFE CYCLE

EKKI

2years

10years

GREENHEART

1year

1000years

1200years

15years

REDWOOD 3years

IPE

20years

2000years

3years

30years

2500years US WOOD CONSUMPTION HISTORY

BRAZIL

DEFORESTATION

HUMAN INTERVENTION 1980S

1956

2006

2009

Wood Demand curves Redwood

Softwoods Tropical woods Reclaimed woods IPE

WOOD MATERIALS CONSUMPTION

US

Early settler loggers used dynamite to break redwood into pieces

1904

1850

The American Wood Protection Association established

the first commercial redwood logging area

1937

1940

‘’without any cutting restrictions’’

Tropical woods uesd for railroads and public works

Around 1980s

1960

1956

redwoods: “most versatile materials’’

Tropical woods import increased by 400% in the following twenty years

!

near-decimation of redwoods the remaining were listed as protection chemically treated softwoods and a few tropical woods entered the market

1990

Three speciesof tropical woods have become the most popular materials for landscape architects

Greenheart

Ipe

2003

2009 High Line phase I

toxic softwoods

2011 High Line phase II

Ekki

CCA

res ist

support

US

suppier

OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

suck sap and air out of wood

Fir

MERRY X’MAS AALUers

7% OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

AIR

USA

supervise

(SEQUOIA SEROPERVIRENS)

WEST COAST

The World Wide Fund for Nature

an international non-governmental organization wilderness preservation reduction of human impact on the environment

supervise

chromated copper arsenate

REDWOOD

USA

SAP

Southern pine

inject preservatives

ort

supp

2% MATURE 2ND GENERATION

WEST AFRICA

41% INTERMEDIATE SECOND GENERATION

INSULATION

DEFORESTED AREAS

SS

te

rea

ted

Export

d

sist

ant

ct-re

sista

nt

Heat-

PIN E

LLA HY OP CR MA

HARDNESS

TEAK

GLOBAL WOOD CONSUMERS:

BIGGEST CONTRIBUTORS TO DEFORESTATION

NORTH AMERICA

LATIN AMERICA

EUROPE

IPE

Sawmill / Field of domed charocal oven

THE 7 INDICATORS Botanical Identification

COMMODITY DRIVEN URBANIZATION

OCEANA

RUSSIA, CHINA, SOUTH ASIA

Logging management

AFRICA

RAZIL

RA

TIMBER Soybeans

Chocolate

IPE TREE

Coffee

Corn Sugar Vanilla

Mine

Rubber

Palm oil Rice Bananas Pineapples

1986

1999

Location of trees list(IPE)

Remaining trees

Logging

100-Hectare work units

Ipe Mahogany Paricá 90years

30years

DEFORSTATION

Identification tags

Stump (height)

A 5,000-Hectare forest site

Logging

SHIFTING AGRICULTURE

USA

Size (dimaeter)

Illegal logging

FORESTRY CHINA

AUSTRIA

CHINA

GUADELOUPE

ISRAEL

UK

GERMANY

ITALY

CANADA

Slaves

WILDFIRE

2020

SPAIN

Grade and Cut

Weste wood

Transport

SOUTH EAST ASIA

2010

DENMARK

Cut and burn

PROCESS

1990

2000

PANAMA

FRANCE

OOD

GREE NH EAR BL T AC K LO CU ST

TE AK

l

ca

di

Me

2009

60years

2021

Four of these are harvested each years and then rest for 30- years

Shaped wood

on

cti

tru

ns

Refined wood

SE NU

rior

Inte

Co

FIR

O MM CO

EKKI

rt

/po

ding

RN HE UT

GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

REDW

ad

Railro

t buil

Boa

SO

IPE EKKI

US

ture

Tools/Furni

TEAK

REDWOOD

Non-fillet Frozen fish

EKKI

PRICE

REDWOOD GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

IPE

JAPAN

nt

NETHERLANDS

resista

Water-resistant

IPE

Sawn wood

DURA BLEN E

AVERAGE SIZE

ea

ed

-re

-tr

at

re

re

Fire Inse

-t

su

l-t

Low

EKKI

TEAK

al

REDWOOD GREENHEART

actions to stop destroying rainforestsand heating up the planet

High

es

ica

ate der

m er Th

Pr

em

BLACK LOCUST

Rainforest and new york climate change action group campaign

Cikal

One of the largest wood exporters in the state of Pará

TH ENG STR

T EN

Ch

IPE

The Instituto Floresta Tropical - Environment protection - Forest extraction

Draw By Hantang Li

Mo

TEAK

GUYANA GREEN HEART (CHLOROCARDIUM RODIEI)

Processed fish

GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

EKKI (LOPHIRA ALATA)

2020 BRAZIL EXPORTS

IPE EKKI

Landcover Change And Wood Wasts

IPE (TABEBUIA IMPETIGINOSA)

1.6 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

BELGIUM

0.13 MILLION ACRES LEFT

PROTUGAL

2.2 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

TR EA TM

22

HOUSES

AVERAGE AGE

1

COASTAL REDWOOD TREE

BRAZIL_PARA

50% YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

+ COAST REDWOOD FOREST RANGE Giant Sequoia Forest Range

REDWOOD

The desire for highly valuable yet sparsely distributed trees like ipe exacerbates deforestation in the Amazon. For the ipe timber price over $3000 per cub meter . Deforestation patterns typically start with the harvesting of valuable species, then clearing the remaining biomass for charcoal production, which means the rest of more than 1000 species in the rainforest was burning down and cost a huge number of wood wast and greenhouse effect. After that the cleaned land finally planted crops for cattle grazing. The pursuit of high-value species has pushed the logging frontier further into unlogged forests, catalyzing road construction and agricultural production. And as desired species are eradicated, the logging frontier advances even faster.

?

2014 High Line phase III

Forest Stewardship Council -an international non-profit, multistakeholder organization -promotes responsible management of the world's forests.

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

Ipê

LIFE CYCLE

EKKI

2years

10years

GREENHEART

1year

1000years

1200years

15years

REDWOOD 3years

IPE

20years

2000years

3years

30years

2500years US WOOD CONSUMPTION HISTORY

BRAZIL

DEFORESTATION

HUMAN INTERVENTION 1980S

1956

2006

2009

Wood Demand curves Redwood

Softwoods Tropical woods Reclaimed woods IPE

WOOD MATERIALS CONSUMPTION

US

Early settler loggers used dynamite to break redwood into pieces

1904

1850

The American Wood Protection Association established

the first commercial redwood logging area

1937

1940

‘’without any cutting restrictions’’

Tropical woods uesd for railroads and public works

Around 1980s

1960

1956

redwoods: “most versatile materials’’

Tropical woods import increased by 400% in the following twenty years

!

near-decimation of redwoods the remaining were listed as protection chemically treated softwoods and a few tropical woods entered the market

1990

Three speciesof tropical woods have become the most popular materials for landscape architects

Greenheart

Ipe

2003

2009 High Line phase I

toxic softwoods

2011 High Line phase II

Ekki

CCA

res ist

support

US

suppier

OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

suck sap and air out of wood

Fir

MERRY X’MAS AALUers

7% OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

AIR

USA

supervise

(SEQUOIA SEROPERVIRENS)

WEST COAST

The World Wide Fund for Nature

an international non-governmental organization wilderness preservation reduction of human impact on the environment

supervise

chromated copper arsenate

REDWOOD

USA

SAP

Southern pine

inject preservatives

ort

supp

2% MATURE 2ND GENERATION

WEST AFRICA

41% INTERMEDIATE SECOND GENERATION

INSULATION

DEFORESTED AREAS

SS

te

rea

ted

Export

d

sist

ant

ct-re

sista

nt

Heat-

E

TEAK

GLOBAL WOOD CONSUMERS:

BIGGEST CONTRIBUTORS TO DEFORESTATION

IPE

Sawmill / Field of domed charocal oven

NORTH AMERICA

LATIN AMERICA

EUROPE

THE 7 INDICATORS Botanical Identification

WILDFIRE

COMMODITY DRIVEN URBANIZATION

USA

OCEANA

RUSSIA, CHINA, SOUTH ASIA

Logging management

AFRICA

RAZIL

RA

TIMBER Soybeans

Chocolate

IPE TREE

Coffee

Corn Sugar Vanilla

Mine

Rubber

Palm oil Rice Bananas Pineapples

1986

1999

Location of trees list(IPE)

Remaining trees

Logging

100-Hectare work units

Ipe Mahogany Paricá 90years

30years

DEFORSTATION

Identification tags

Stump (height)

A 5,000-Hectare forest site

Logging

SHIFTING AGRICULTURE CHINA

Size (dimaeter)

Illegal logging

FORESTRY

2020

AUSTRIA

CHINA

GUADELOUPE

ISRAEL

UK

GERMANY

ITALY

CANADA

Slaves

Transport

SOUTH EAST ASIA

2010

SPAIN

Grade and Cut

Weste wood

1990

2000

DENMARK

FRANCE

Cut and burn

PROCESS

2009

60years

2021

Four of these are harvested each years and then rest for 30- years

Shaped wood

PIN

LLA HY OP CR MA

HARDNESS

OOD

GREE NH EAR BL T AC K LO CU ST

TE AK

l

ca

di

Me

Refined wood

on

cti

tru

ns

Processed fish

SE NU

rior

Inte

Co

FIR

O MM CO

EKKI

rt

/po

ding

RN HE UT

GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

REDW

ad

Railro

t buil

Boa

SO

IPE EKKI

US

ture

Tools/Furni

TEAK

REDWOOD

Non-fillet Frozen fish

EKKI

PRICE

REDWOOD GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

IPE

PANAMA

nt

JAPAN

resista

Water-resistant

IPE

NETHERLANDS

DURA BLEN E

AVERAGE SIZE

ea

ed

-re

-tr

at

re

re

Fire Inse

-t

su

l-t

Low

EKKI

TEAK

al

REDWOOD GREENHEART

actions to stop destroying rainforestsand heating up the planet

Draw By Hantang Li

High

es

ica

ate der

m er Th

Pr

em

BLACK LOCUST

Rainforest and new york climate change action group campaign

Cikal

One of the largest wood exporters in the state of Pará

TH ENG STR

T EN

Ch

IPE

The Instituto Floresta Tropical - Environment protection - Forest extraction

Mo

TEAK

GUYANA GREEN HEART (CHLOROCARDIUM RODIEI)

BELGIUM

GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

EKKI (LOPHIRA ALATA)

Sawn wood

IPE EKKI

IPE Log Transportation

IPE (TABEBUIA IMPETIGINOSA)

1.6 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

2020 BRAZIL EXPORTS

0.13 MILLION ACRES LEFT

PROTUGAL

2.2 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

TR EA TM

22

HOUSES

AVERAGE AGE

1

COASTAL REDWOOD TREE

BRAZIL_PARA

50% YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

+ COAST REDWOOD FOREST RANGE Giant Sequoia Forest Range

REDWOOD

The ipe that Timber Holdings USA buys comes primarily from the states of Pará and Mato Grosso.

Single IPE tree was cutting down by the high effect mechine and collect in logging center,after that, Logs are typically transported from interior forests to rivers by truck, and then by barge to port cities like Belém. Sometimes the officials from IBAMA and SEMA (Pará’s Environmental Secretariat) stopping trucks loaded with logs to check their documents.To make sure the meterial of wood are legle base on the Forest Origin Document system that IBAMA created in 2006. The process make sure that whereby all forest products are tracked digitally in real time.

?

2014 High Line phase III

Forest Stewardship Council -an international non-profit, multistakeholder organization -promotes responsible management of the world's forests.

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

Ipê

LIFE CYCLE

EKKI

2years

10years

GREENHEART

1year

1000years

1200years

15years

REDWOOD 3years

IPE

20years

2000years

3years

30years

2500years US WOOD CONSUMPTION HISTORY

BRAZIL

DEFORESTATION

HUMAN INTERVENTION 1980S

1956

2006

2009

Wood Demand curves Redwood

Softwoods Tropical woods Reclaimed woods IPE

WOOD MATERIALS CONSUMPTION

US

Early settler loggers used dynamite to break redwood into pieces

1904

1850

The American Wood Protection Association established

the first commercial redwood logging area

1937

1940

‘’without any cutting restrictions’’

Tropical woods uesd for railroads and public works

Around 1980s

1960

1956

redwoods: “most versatile materials’’

Tropical woods import increased by 400% in the following twenty years

!

near-decimation of redwoods the remaining were listed as protection chemically treated softwoods and a few tropical woods entered the market

1990

Three speciesof tropical woods have become the most popular materials for landscape architects

Greenheart

Ipe

2003

2009 High Line phase I

toxic softwoods

2011 High Line phase II

Ekki

CCA

res ist

support

US

suppier

OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

suck sap and air out of wood

Fir

MERRY X’MAS AALUers

7% OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

AIR

USA

supervise

(SEQUOIA SEROPERVIRENS)

WEST COAST

The World Wide Fund for Nature

an international non-governmental organization wilderness preservation reduction of human impact on the environment

supervise

chromated copper arsenate

REDWOOD

USA

SAP

Southern pine

inject preservatives

ort

supp

2% MATURE 2ND GENERATION

WEST AFRICA

41% INTERMEDIATE SECOND GENERATION

INSULATION

DEFORESTED AREAS

SS

te

rea

ted

Export

d

sist

ant

ct-re

sista

nt

Heat-

E

TEAK

GLOBAL WOOD CONSUMERS:

BIGGEST CONTRIBUTORS TO DEFORESTATION

IPE

Sawmill / Field of domed charocal oven

NORTH AMERICA

LATIN AMERICA

EUROPE

THE 7 INDICATORS Botanical Identification

WILDFIRE

COMMODITY DRIVEN URBANIZATION

USA

OCEANA

RUSSIA, CHINA, SOUTH ASIA

Logging management

AFRICA

RAZIL

RA

TIMBER Soybeans

Chocolate

IPE TREE

Coffee

Corn Sugar Vanilla

Mine

Rubber

Palm oil Rice Bananas Pineapples

1986

1999

Location of trees list(IPE)

Remaining trees

Logging

100-Hectare work units

Ipe Mahogany Paricá 90years

30years

DEFORSTATION

Identification tags

Stump (height)

A 5,000-Hectare forest site

Logging

SHIFTING AGRICULTURE CHINA

Size (dimaeter)

Illegal logging

FORESTRY

2020

AUSTRIA

CHINA

GUADELOUPE

ISRAEL

UK

GERMANY

ITALY

CANADA

Slaves

Transport

SOUTH EAST ASIA

2010

SPAIN

Grade and Cut

Weste wood

1990

2000

DENMARK

FRANCE

Cut and burn

PROCESS

2009

60years

2021

Four of these are harvested each years and then rest for 30- years

Shaped wood

PIN

LLA HY OP CR MA

HARDNESS

OOD

GREE NH EAR BL T AC K LO CU ST

TE AK

l

ca

di

Me

Refined wood

on

cti

tru

ns

Processed fish

SE NU

rior

Inte

Co

FIR

O MM CO

EKKI

rt

/po

ding

RN HE UT

GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

REDW

ad

Railro

t buil

Boa

SO

IPE EKKI

US

ture

Tools/Furni

TEAK

REDWOOD

Non-fillet Frozen fish

EKKI

PRICE

REDWOOD GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

IPE

PANAMA

nt

JAPAN

resista

Water-resistant

IPE

NETHERLANDS

DURA BLEN E

AVERAGE SIZE

ea

ed

-re

-tr

at

re

re

Fire Inse

-t

su

l-t

Low

EKKI

TEAK

al

REDWOOD GREENHEART

actions to stop destroying rainforestsand heating up the planet

High

es

ica

ate der

m er Th

Pr

em

BLACK LOCUST

Rainforest and new york climate change action group campaign

Cikal

One of the largest wood exporters in the state of Pará

TH ENG STR

T EN

Ch

IPE

The Instituto Floresta Tropical - Environment protection - Forest extraction

Draw By Hantang Li

Mo

TEAK

GUYANA GREEN HEART (CHLOROCARDIUM RODIEI)

BELGIUM

GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

EKKI (LOPHIRA ALATA)

Sawn wood

IPE EKKI

IPE Timber Processing

IPE (TABEBUIA IMPETIGINOSA)

1.6 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

2020 BRAZIL EXPORTS

0.13 MILLION ACRES LEFT

PROTUGAL

2.2 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

TR EA TM

22

HOUSES

AVERAGE AGE

1

COASTAL REDWOOD TREE

BRAZIL_PARA

50% YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

+ COAST REDWOOD FOREST RANGE Giant Sequoia Forest Range

REDWOOD

Inside the mill building, activity circles around the main saw: a colossal hook anchored to the trusses is lowered to catch the edge of one of the logs. The huge log is fed into the cutting machine in the roar of the machine. The hook flips it so that it is properly aligned, as three men slowly guide it towards the blade. With a set of carefully calibrated passes, the massive log becomes dimensional lumber, perfect, straight, and anonymous.

?

2014 High Line phase III

Forest Stewardship Council -an international non-profit, multistakeholder organization -promotes responsible management of the world's forests.

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

! ! !!

! !

Draw: Hantang Li

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!

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Wisconsin

!

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!

California

!

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New Hampshire !

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!!

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Texas

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New York City’s port

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Global Shipping Whether it is public projects or residences, Americans' desire for wood materials has brought about large areas of wood consumption, making the United States the largest wood consumption market in the world. According to Brazil's 2019 ipe export industry survey report, the United States imported more than 10,000 cubic meters of ipe hardwood, which is about three times the import volume of the second-ranked France.

Transport from Brazil to The USA imber Holdings USA purchases sawn wood and ships it directly from Brazilian mills to New York City’s port. And from there it is distributed to their warehouses in Wisconsin, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Texas, and California.

Than the Processed IPE wood board will say on more than 60 year outside and live against decay with anther form.

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Belém

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[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

Ipê

LIFE CYCLE

EKKI

2years

10years

GREENHEART

1year

1000years

1200years

15years

REDWOOD 3years

IPE

20years

2000years

3years

30years

2500years US WOOD CONSUMPTION HISTORY

BRAZIL

DEFORESTATION

HUMAN INTERVENTION 1980S

1956

2006

2009

Wood Demand curves Redwood

Softwoods Tropical woods Reclaimed woods IPE

WOOD MATERIALS CONSUMPTION

US

Early settler loggers used dynamite to break redwood into pieces

1904

1850

The American Wood Protection Association established

the first commercial redwood logging area

1937

1940

‘’without any cutting restrictions’’

Tropical woods uesd for railroads and public works

Around 1980s

1960

1956

redwoods: “most versatile materials’’

Tropical woods import increased by 400% in the following twenty years

!

near-decimation of redwoods the remaining were listed as protection chemically treated softwoods and a few tropical woods entered the market

1990

Three speciesof tropical woods have become the most popular materials for landscape architects

Greenheart

Ipe

2003

2009 High Line phase I

toxic softwoods

2011 High Line phase II

CCA

supervise

res ist

support

US

suppier

OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

suck sap and air out of wood

Fir

MERRY X’MAS AALUers

7% OLD GROWTH FOREST

US

AIR

AIR

USA

The World Wide Fund for Nature

an international non-governmental organization wilderness preservation reduction of human impact on the environment

supervise

(SEQUOIA SEROPERVIRENS)

inject preservatives

WEST AFRICA

41% INTERMEDIATE SECOND GENERATION

INSULATION

DEFORESTED AREAS

IPE (TABEBUIA IMPETIGINOSA)

1.6 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

tre

SS

actions to stop destroying rainforestsand heating up the planet

One of the largest wood exporters in the state of Pará

Export

d

ted

tant

Insec

t-resi

stant

Heat-re

GR

rior

tion

BL ACK

TEA K

al

dic

Me

FIR

E

LA PHYL

HARDNESS

N PI

CRO MA

IPE

BIGGEST CONTRIBUTORS TO DEFORESTATION

NORTH AMERICA

LATIN AMERICA

PROCESS Sawmill / Field of domed charocal oven

EUROPE

Size (dimaeter)

A 5,000-Hectare forest site

Logging

SHIFTING AGRICULTURE URBANIZATION

Logging management

AFRICA

TIMBER Soybeans

Chocolate

Coffee

Corn Sugar Vanilla

Mine

Rubber

Palm oil Rice Bananas Pineapples

Cocoa

Brazil nuts

1986

1999

Location of trees list(IPE)

Remaining trees

Logging

AUSTRIA

CHINA

GUADELOUPE

ISRAEL

UK

GERMANY

ITALY

CANADA

SPAIN

DENMARK

PANAMA

100-Hectare work units

Ipe Mahogany Paricá

IPE TREE

90years

30years

DEFORSTATION

Identification tags

Stump (height)

Illegal logging

FORESTRY

RUSSIA, CHINA, SOUTH ASIA

JAPAN

As a species thriving in its natural habitat and placed side by side with other precious ones.

-As a finished material, and 2021 part of the USA 2009 wood market.

-Addressing its source to site process, highlighting major environmental, social and economic impacts in addition to policies issued by both the US and Brazil during this time.

Botanical Identification

WILDFIRE

COMMODITY DRIVEN

CHINA

OCEANA

NETHERLANDS

Slaves

Transport

THE 7 INDICATORS

SOUTH EAST ASIA

2010

USA

FRANCE

Grade and Cut

Weste wood

Human Intervention

GLOBAL WOOD CONSUMERS:

1990

2000

Cut and burn

LOC UST

Shaped wood

ruc

nst

TEAK

Refined wood

Inte

EENH EA RT

RN HE UT

O MM CO

build

Co

US

EKKI

ort

ing/p

Boat

SO

IPE EKKI

REDWOO D

d

Railroa

SE NU

TEAK

REDWOOD GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

IPE

Tools/Furniture

PRICE

EKKI

BELGIUM

sistant

Water-resistant

IPE REDWOOD GREENHEART BLACK LOCUST

Processed fish

DURA BLEN E

AVERAGE SIZE

ate

trea

d

al-

Fireresis

ate

re-

tre

ssu

al-

erm

TEAK

Rainforest and new york climate change action group campaign

Cikal

High

Th

GREENHEART

e erat Mod Low

Pre

mic

BLACK LOCUST

The Instituto Floresta Tropical - Environment protection - Forest extraction

TH ENG STR

T EN

Che

IPE EKKI

GUYANA GREEN HEART (CHLOROCARDIUM RODIEI)

Non-fillet Frozen fish

IPE EKKI

TEAK

REDWOOD

EKKI (LOPHIRA ALATA)

PROTUGAL

0.13 MILLION ACRES LEFT

Sawn wood

2.2 MILLION ACRES OF REDWOOD FOREST

2020 BRAZIL EXPORTS

22

HOUSES

TR EA TM

1

COASTAL REDWOOD TREE

AVERAGE AGE

+ COAST REDWOOD FOREST RANGE Giant Sequoia Forest Range

BRAZIL_PARA

50% YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

YOUNG 2ND GENERATION

REDWOOD

PARA

t

por

sup

2% MATURE 2ND GENERATION

GREENHEART

2020

?

2014 High Line phase III

Forest Stewardship Council -an international non-profit, multistakeholder organization -promotes responsible management of the world's forests.

Ekki

chromated copper arsenate

SAP

Southern pine

REDWOOD

USA WEST COAST

BLACK LOCUST

BRAZIL

[Consequential Landscapes : IPE]

60years

Four of these are harvested each years and then rest for 30- years

Draw BY: Yuting Liu

REFERENCE Workshop 1 1. WPI Economics, “London's Poverty Profile 2020,” Trust for London, accessed November 15. 2021, https://www. trustforlondon.org.uk/publications/lpp2020/ 2. “Westminster,” Trust for London, accessed November 15. 2021, https://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/data/boroughs/ westminster-poverty-and-inequality-indicators/ 3. Labourwestminster,” Deprivation in Westminster,” Labourwestminster, accessed November 15, 2021, https:// labourwestminster.wordpress.com/deprivation-in-westminster/ 4. “Church Street, Westminster,” Hidden London, accessed November 15. 2021, https://hidden-london.com/gazetteer/ church-street/ 5. Westminster City Council, City Plan 2019 – 2040, 8 January, 2021, https://www.westminster.gov.uk/planning-buildingand-environmental-regulations/planning-policy/city-plan-2019-2040-previous-stages 6. “what is the green new deal?,” green new deal rising, accessed November 15. 2021, https://www.gndrising.org/what-isthe-green-new-deal/#decarb

Workshop 2 1.Santana, Joana, Luís Reino, Chris Stoate, Francisco Moreira, Paulo F. Ribeiro, José L. Santos, John T. Rotenberry, and Pedro Beja. "Combined Effects Of Landscape Composition And Heterogeneity On Farmland Avian Diversity". Ecology And Evolution 7, no. 4 (2017): 1212-1223. doi:10.1002/ece3.2693.

2."The Allerton Project | Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust". Allertontrust.Org.Uk. Accessed 12 January 2022. https://www. allertontrust.org.uk/.

3.Warner, Emily, Andy Hector, Nick Brown, Rowan Green, Alys Savory, Doug Gilbert, Alan McDonnell, and Owen T. Lewis. "The Response Of Plants, Carabid Beetles And Birds To 30 Years Of Native Reforestation In The Scottish Highlands". Journal Of Applied Ecology 58, no. 10 (2021): 2185-2194. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.13944.

4.Wilson, A.M., J.A. Vickery, and S.J. Browne. "Numbers And Distribution Of Northern Lapwings Vanellus Vanellus Breeding In England And Wales In 1998". Taylor & Francis, 2022. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00063650109461198.

5.https://www.gwct.org.uk/research/species/birds/songbirds/songbirds-and-game-crops/ Songbirds and game crops

Workshop 3 1.Hutton, Jane. Reciprocal Landscapes : Stories of Material Movements, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. ProQuest Eb-ook Central,http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/aaschool/detail.action?docID=5892429.

2.Global Forest Watchhttps://www.globalforestwatch.org/map/ 3.Global Land Analysis and Discoveryhttps://glad.umd.edu/dataset 4.HARCA Associationhttps://www.poplarharca.co.uk/

AA landscape Urbanism 2021-2022 TERM 1 BOOKLET Hantang LI