3. SITE VEGETATIONS
▲
▲
▲
RAINWATER TANK
▲
SITE PLAN 1:200
↔
Deciduous climbing plants are added to the north shelter for summer shading. Some evergreen trees are also placed at the backyard, which could help with passive cooling that shown on the diagram. Large trees could help block summer hot wind and gaps between trees are help creating breezes. Those trees could use greywater to water that also treat greywater. Besides, backyard garden could plant some vegetables for daily needs that saves energy and money.
N
↔
▲
SITE ANALYSIS 1. SUNPATH DIAGRAM The sun pathway has significant impact on the orientation of the house. Different faces of the house will have various sunlight during the summer and winter. Due to this, the kitchen, living room and dinning areas, which are under daytime condition are placed towards the north for maximum sunlight and thermal mass gain. And all three bedrooms are facing the south, which will ensure occupants comfort.
2. SITE CONTEXT & SURROUNDINGS The house is placed close to the south side of the site, for leaving spaces for sufficient sunlight coming in the daytime areas and also could be the garden . A wooden shelter for plants growing is added to the north face of the house for shading redundant sunlight during the summer and allow sunlight in winter when leaves fall out. Also, the house has sufficient distance between neighours preventing unexcepted shadings.
LEGEND SEWERAGE MANHOLE GAS METER WATER METER STREET LAMP SIDE ENTRY PIT TELECOMMUNICATION PIT ROOF PITCH DIRECTION
GAS MAINS
▲
ROOF BOUNDARY GAS
WATER MAINS
HOUSEPLAN BOUNDARY W
ELECTRICITY MAINS TELECOMMUNICATION LINE GAS CONNECTION WATER CONNECTION ELECTRICITY CONNECTION LIANG CHEN 743080
RAINWATER/STORMWATER CONNECTION SEWAGE CONNECTION
W.8 W.9
D.8
W.10
D.9
D.7 D.6
W.5
D.5
W.4
D.4
W.2
W.3
D.3
DETAILS & EXPLANATION
W.7
W.6
WALL DETAILS
INSIDE
D.2
110mm Clay Bricks
10mm Mortar
10mm Plasterboard
Paint
REVERSE BRICK VENEER WALL SECTION 1:5
9mm Cement Cover 12mm Timber Stud (Softwood) 112mm R4.0 Polyurethane rigid foamed aged insulation 10mm Unventilated Air Gap
OUTSIDE
LIANG CHEN 743080
D.1
N
W.1
WALL
HOUSE PLAN 1:100
W.3 W.6
W.2
D.2
WINDOW SCHEDULE
W.5
DOOR SCHEDULE
D.3 D.4 D.6 D.7
W.1 W.4 W.7
D.9
W.8 W.9 W.10
WINDOW & DOOR SCHEDULE Wall type choosen is reverse brick veneer wall. It has bricks at the inner face which operates as a great themal mass that gains heat during the day and release it to the house at nighttime. In the wall choosing R4.0 insulation for external wall that prevents heat loss.
SLAB
Slab on ground as foundation also provides great amount of concrete which is great themeral mass as well. Insulation added under the slab.
WINDOW
D.1 D.5 D.8
*Arrows indicate how cross ventilation works when air pressure pushes the wind from south.
CROSS VENTILATION
Window sizes are various. Bedroom windows are relatively large compared to bathroom windows due to privacy and cross ventilation consideration. Windows are all covered with curtains. The living room large folding door for main cross ventilation.
SLAB ON GROUND SECTION 1:10
R6.0 Underslab Insulation
Reverse Brick Veneer Wall Reinforced Concrete
Waterproof Membrane
OUTSIDE
PREMISES CONNECTION DEVICE PV ARRAY
INVERTER
PV METER
ELECTRICAL UTILITY SUBPANEL METER
HWS
TO THE HOUSE
HWS
▲
ROOF SOLAR SYSTEM ELECTRICITY CONNECTION
ELECTRICAL, LIGHTING & COMMUNICATIONS 1:100 DETAILS & EXPLANATION ELECTRICAL HOTWATER SYSTEM The design of the house does not use gas, therefore electricity usae will increase. To minimise the electricity usage from electricity mains, PV array are applied on the roof as a secondary electricity source. The heating system is hydronic panels which needs hot water from hot water system. And hot water system will be operated by electricity. Thus, then electricity generated from PV array, go through iverter, PV metre, electrical subpanel and utility meter will mainly go to hot water system for producing hot water.
SOLAR SYSTEM
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
N
Solar energy system will be one of the mose sustainable choice for the household. WIth its development, the price of the solar panels also drop a lot and become more affordable. According to the roof size, 14 PV arrays are palced at the north side of the roof. Each panel's dimension is 1650mm×992mm. Using 4kWh system, it means in melboure it could get about 14.4 kWh production a day.
PCD
NETWORK TERMINATION DEVICE
HOT WATER SYSTEM
CEILING FAN
EXHAUST FAN
WALL SOCKET
WALL LIGHT
DOUBLE SWITCH
SINGLE SWITCH
CEILING LIGHT
SMOKE DETECTOR
ELECTRICITY CONNECTION
TELECOMUNICATION LINE
ELECTRICITY MAINS
MAIN BOARD
SWITHCH BOARD
WIRELESS ROUTER
TELECOMMUNICATION PIT
PSU
HWS
NTD
LEGEND
LIANG CHEN 743080
▲
▲
DETAILS & EXPLANATION No Gas In The House In this house, one noticeable point of the power supply is no gas consumer in the house. Gas is one of the fossil fuels which are non-renewable sources. Gas also creates greenhouse gas emissions which is not so sustainable. Gas may run out in the earth in about fifty years. From the aspect of sustainability, the house did not apply gas as one of the services, although connect the gas mains to the gas meter that allows the client to use gas if they decided to change to gas sytem later.
Hydronic Panels Heating
Yeni, 2015
N
GAS & WATER SUPPLY 1:100
F
RAINWATER TANK
GAS
W
GAS
▲
GAS
W
DW
GAS
W
Gas mains connected to the gas meter but stopped here
W
HWS
*The water mains also connected to the rainwater tank incase when rainwater runs out, it could still have a backup water source for toliets usage.
Hydronic heating system two pipes in and out
▲
For heating system, the house used hydronic panels. It is due to hydronic panels has several advantages such as its has various options of styles and sizes to suit each house's different needs and tastes. And it takes minimun spaces, since it usually sticks to the wall. Minimum noise is also one of its characters.
GAS METER WATER METER HOT WATER SYSTEM DISH WASHER
HYDRONIC PANEL
▲
GAS MAINS
FRIDGE
GAS
WATER MAINS
HYDRONIC SYSTEM HOT WATER (In to to panels)
HYDRONIC SYSTEM COLD WATER (Out from pannels)
HOT WATER CONNECTION
WATER CONNECTION
GAS CONNECTION
W
F
DW
HWS
LEGEND
LIANG CHEN 743080
▲
SEWER & STORMWATER 1:100
▲
DETAILS & EXPLANATION
Rainwater Tank
Yucca
Greywater System
Conifers
Garden irragation system
Sewerage System
▲
▲
Dietes
Rainwater tank storage 10200L, height 1685mm, inlet height is 1600mm, diameter is 3080mm.
RAINWATER TANK
▲
The lowest point of the site
▲
▲
▲
▲
Greywater collected from showers and baths. It will be treated and mainly used for garden irragations, over flow greywater will directly goto sewerage connections. Some plants are greywater tolerant such as bird of paradise, dietes, conifers and yucca that are potentional options for garden plants. Long term irragation will help grow large trees which creates passive cooling and saves energy.
Bird of Paradise
N DP
DP
DP
Overflow to stormwater
Sewerage vent is applied in the sewerage system, which dries out any solid matter that adheres to the walls and prevents pockets of sewer gases from accumulating. It will through out the roof which allow natural purification process. From the west to the east side of the buidling, the sewerage system has a fall ratio that using gravity help sewerage moving through the pipes. The fall ratio is at least 1:40.
▲
In the design, rainwater will be collected from downpipes from all sides of the house (wet system) and stored at the rainwater tank which has about 10200L water storage according to the melboure climate and number of households. Those water can use for toliet flush after pumped and filtered. Also clients could use rainwater from the tank to do other jobs like garden irragation or car wash from the added water tap just about the corner of main entrance.
LEGEND SEWERAGE MANHOLE
DP
▲
▲
▲
▲
SEWER VENT DOWNPIPE RAINWATER PUMP RAINWATER FILTER GREY WATER SYSTEM SIDE ENTRY PIT RAINWATER COLLECT DIRECTION (IN TANK)
DP
▲
RAINWATER USE DIRECTION (OUT OF TANK) SEWAGE CONNECTION RAINWATER/STORMWATER CONNECTION OUT OF GREYWATER SYSTEM INTO GREYWATER SYSTEM
▲
▲
DP
▲ LIANG CHEN 743080
▲
▲
▲
RESILIENCE AND FUTURE PROOFING
GREENROOF DESIGN
DESIGEN FOR RESILIENCE
GREEN ROOF FOR EXISTING HOUSE DEISGN
Applying green roof to the existing design, changing the north portion of the pitch roof to flat roof (bule line area), which is about 50% of the total roof area. It can be desigened as an extensive greenroof that less than 200mm. It is more suitable for residential house since the roof structural are not designed to carry large loads.
Existing PV system should remian it original position, since it has about 30ยบ sliding angle, plants can grow under the PV arrays. It will also help with the PV array overheat situation, and help solar system to stay in temperate range that will have best generating performance.
Flat Roof (Greenroof)
Greenroof has been discussed more and more in Australia. This type of roof deisgn offers the public and individual household lots of benefits in terms of energy saving and heathier lifestyle. Some of the greenroof benefits are: - Aesthetic Improvement - Stormwater Management - Decrease Urban Heat Island Effect - Improve Air Quality - Noise Absorption Greenroof utilised for residential household will help with save energy. Arccording to Green roof calculator, if changing 50% of the roof area to greenroof that grows grass, it will save 24.8% of total energy consumption per year.
GREEN ROOF INTRODUCTION
We want our community to become more resilient as possible that includes environmentally resilient and economically. Those communities can respond better and recover quickly in some situations also healthier. Resilience is a capacity that could react and adopt the sudden changes and recover or remain its original functions after interruption. Recently, the idea of resilience has influcing the building instrudy instantly. The buildings we built should be resilient as our communities. Energy efficient can be one of the principles that resilient building design should follow, some methods like using low carbon-input materials. Resilient building design could benefit the building of its future-proofing performance, which means the performance when it anticipating with future conditions and minimising the nagative effect it brings to the buidling existing.
GREENROOF DETAILED SECTION
Plants can grow on the greenroof may also be greywater tolerance, which will maximise the efficiency of water consumption in the house. To a d d a g r e e n r o o f , several extra layers are reuqired such as filter laye, drainage layer a n d p r o t e c t i o n l a y e r. Those layers are for roof protection which ensure the roof performance will remain the same after add a greenroof to it. Also the greenroof could be automatic irrigated by addtional irrigtion system on rooflevel with a pump from greywater system if the rainwater are not sufficient.
LIANG CHEN 743080
ASSIGNMENT 1
PART B
 
Client Profile Project Type: Residential house for a large family about 6 people Client Interests: 1. Solar system installed 2. Advanced sustainable active systems 3. Low energy required for daily consumption 4. Low carbon footprint and no gas or fuel consumption 5. Backyard garden and views to it with rainwater tank irrigation Limitations: 1. No air-conditioner installed 2. High dependency on electricity for a few active systems 3. Noise insulation in the internal walls may be relatively poor 4. Longer time for proposed tree to grow until full performance
Orientation&Sitting \
Site boundary is a rectangular between neighbours. The distance between two neighbour are determined according to the sun pathway. The sun pathway has significant impact on the orientation of the house to prevent overshadow of the neighbour houses. The kitchen, living room and dinning areas, which are under daytime condition are placed towards the north for maximum sunlight and thermal mass gain. And all three bedrooms are facing the south, which will ensure occupants comfort. This orientation will also help with passive cooling, several window openings on the south side will allow air pressure pushes wind from south to north and cooling the house, together with trees in the garden to create passive cooling.
Design Choices \
Started from the aspect of energy efficiency, natural resources should be utilised appropriately. Solar energy system has been installed for generating electricity which saves bills and energy. Cross ventilation has been considered in this project as well, the sizes and number of window/door openings are designed to create most wind, corporates with proposed trees in the garden barry hot summer winds. The opening at the north side of the house may allow large sunlight in during the summer, which will heat up the living area. To resolve this potential problem, a wooden shelter is added at the north side for deciduous plants to grow on it. It will work as a vertical green wall for shading and providing vapour to the north face of the house during the summer and cooling it. Thermal mass is another option for efficient energy consumption. Reverse brick veneer wall is chosen for providing maximum brick usage. For same purpose, slab on ground is the foundation type since concrete is great thermal mass. Rainwater is a great option for saving water usage. Rainwater tank stores rainwater from downpipes along the house and filtered, pumped to the house for toilet flush or car wash. Grey water could be utilised as well, it will be collected and used for garden irrigation. Some common plants like bird of paradise, conifer and yucca are grey water tolerant plants. Lights choice is also important, LED lights will saves a lot more energy and also perform better compared to incandescent light bulb. All the design choices are made from the consideration of energy efficiency.
LIANG CHEN 743080
1 of 8
ASSIGNMENT 1
PART B
Items
Types
Description
Photovoltaic Panels
Crystalline silicon made, 1650mm×992mm
14 panels generates 4kWh system, about 14.4 kWh/day output
Roof Decking
Galvanised corrugated steel Most common but durable, long metal sheet, thickness 2.4mm lasting and recyclable
Waterproof Membrane
Polyethylene reflective 2mm
As vapour barrier for roof
Insulation
R4.5 bulk insulation
Efficiently prevent heat transfer. It has millions of tiny pockets of air within its structure
Plasterboard
10mm standard plasterboard, Material comes from natural made of gypsum and paper. Australian sources as non-toxic and natural rock
ROOF
CEILING
WALL Bricks
Standard 230mm ×110mm ×76mm clay brick, colour reddish brown
Materials come from natural sufficient sources, good in fire resistance, benefits building resilience performance
Timber Stud
Sizing 90mm ×45mm ×2700mm, softwood made
Softwood timber is most cost efficient structural member and fastgrowing which is more sustainable
Insulation
R4.0 polyurethane rigid foamed aged insulation, thickness 112mm
Cost efficient and sustainable to building practices, good performance of insulating heat
Wall Wrap
Double layer Wall Wrap 1350mm×60m medium duty
Efficient in moisture control, as vapour barrier for home comfort
Slab
Thickness 160mm 25MPa reinforced concrete
Concrete materials are natural sufficient materials. It is also one of the best thermal mass for houses to become energy efficient
Insulation
R6.0 bulk insulation reflective
Benefits energy efficiency
Carpet
Standard carpet
Good performance in noise absorption, also good in heat keep
FLOOR
WINDOW & DOOR *All window and door schedule are listed in the house plan A3 page
LIANG CHEN 743080
2 of 8
ASSIGNMENT 1
PART B
& Initial Star Rating: 1.5 Changing North Direction by 90 degree: -0.1 Floor: +0.9
Change existing floor to CSOG (concrete slab on ground), and add R6.0 bulk insulation, reflective subfloor and insulated subfloor walls; and one layer of foil, type is double sided. Waterproof membrane is used for slab on ground system.
Wall: +0.8 Change all existing external wall to reverse brick veneer wall with R4.0 polyurethane rigid foamed aged insulation. Delete opening 12 on wall 1, opening 14 on bedroom 1 and add a door opening on wall 4 which the north wall of the house.
Ceilings: +5.1 Change roof type to Attic-Highly vented (HiVent), add R4.5 bulk insulation at ceiling level and 1 layer of double sided foil; change roof colour to dark.
Windows: +0.1 Change all existing window type to uPVC B DG Argon Fill High Solar Gain Low E clear (U=2.0, SHGC=0.31).
Air Leakage and Design Features: +0.4 Seal all kitchen, bath, WC and ensuite exhaust fan. Add 2 ceiling fans at living area, one for each bedroom.
FINAL STAR:
8.7
LIANG CHEN 743080
3 of 8


ASSIGNMENT 1 &
PART B
&
LIANG CHEN 743080
4 of 8


ASSIGNMENT 1 &
PART B
&
LIANG CHEN 743080
5 of 8
ASSIGNMENT 1 & 

PART B
&
LIANG CHEN 743080
6 of 8
ASSIGNMENT 1
PART B
As technology developing, active systems applied to residential houses can saves significant amount of energy and money. Lower energy consumption also contributes sustainable development and resilience design. Some of those service systems may be costly to install at the first place but they are durable, efficient and have great performance in the future.
PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR GENERATING SYSTEM
Solar PV power system is generating electricity by converting sunlights. According to PowerWater research, 4.5kW system could producing about 75% electricity for average domestic house households, about 14.4 kWh per pay, sufficient energy will be transferred back to the electricity main. The cost of PV system is efficient, and affordable for the household. It is also a great investment from long term consideration. The PV system are classified, class1 is for residential: less than or equal to 4.5 kW* single phase.
ELECTRICAL HOT WATER SYSTEM
This instant electrical hot water system designed by Gleamous has elegant outlook as well as it energy efficient operation. It takes minimum space in the house, can be attached to the wall, and it is very easy to install; can have several locations throughout the house for its best performance. Since the PV system has been installed, this hot water system can entirely deepened on electricity generating from the PV system. It is also automatic power saving for energy saving. One of the characters of this system is that it can provide up to 600L per hour hot water about 42º, which will suit most requirement of this large family households.
HYDRONIC PANEL SYSTEM
Hydronic panel system use hot water flow through it to provide radiant heat to the space. It can be heated in separate areas. It also takes small spaces and its outlook design can be elegant and stylish to fit overall theme of the house finishing. Efficiency is another advantage of the hydronic panel (two pipe system). Corporates with hot water system, it can provide ‘endless’ heat through hot water flow in the cold winter. Water efficiency performs great in this system for its two pipes (one in, one out) and be reheated by hot water system.
BIOMIMETRIC CEILING FAN SYSYTEM
Without reverse air conditioning system, ceiling fans take main role in cooling system. Aeratron biomimetic fan design team has introduced this kind of new designed fans. It is designed for cooling large space with small amount of energy, where it can move over 12,000m3 of air using only 17.2W. It also can come with 6W LED light kit. The efficiency of this system shown on its shape design will create more air movement compared to the old models.
LIANG CHEN 743080
7 of 8
Bibliography Admin, S. (2016). How to select insulation - Sustainability Victoria - Sustainability Victoria. Sustainability.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 24 August 2016, from http://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/services-andadvice/households/energy-efficiency/toolbox/how-to/select-insulation Aeratron A Fan Designed To Be Seen Never Heard. (2016). Aeratron Australia. Retrieved 28 August 2016, from http://aeratronaustralia.com.au/seen-not-heard Bird of Paradise. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.etsy.com/listing/155115956/birds-of-paradise-birdsof-paradise Brookside,. (2016). Conifers. Retrieved from http://www.brooksidenursery.co.uk/dwarf-coniferchamaecyparis-lawsonia-snow-white-9cm-pot-33866-p.asp Electrical Hot water System. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.gleamoushotwater.com.au/electric-instanthot-water-systems.html Electric Hot Water Systems | Electric Instant Hot Water System. (2016). Gleamoushotwater.com.au. Retrieved 27 August 2016, from http://www.gleamoushotwater.com.au/electric-instant-hot-watersystems.html Gardening,. (2016). Yucca. Retrieved from http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/yucca/ Green Roof Benefits - GRHC WEBSITE. (2016). GRHC WEBSITE. Retrieved 28 August 2016, from http:// greenroofs.org/index.php/about/greenroofbenefits Hydronic panel. (2016). Retrieved from http://casa.acasa.ro/amenajarea-casei-44/4-modele-minimaliste-decalorifere-186654.html Mgonlinestore,. (2016). Dietes. Retrieved from http://www.mgonlinestore.com/wildiris/ Photovoltaic (PV) solar systems - Power and Water Corporation. (2016). Powerwater.com.au. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://www.powerwater.com.au/customers/save/photovoltaic_pv_solar_systems Smart living solutions | Knauf Australia. (2016). Knaufplasterboard.com.au. Retrieved 24 August 2016, from http://www.knaufplasterboard.com.au/sustainable-building-solutions Solar System. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.consciousliving.net.au/index.php/eco-living/692-digitalsolar Sustainable Timber for Eco-Friendly Building - Sustainable Baby Steps. (2016). Sustainablebabysteps.com. Retrieved 25 August 2016, from http://www.sustainablebabysteps.com/sustainable-timber.html Trina Solar TSM-240DA05 | Trina Solar TSM-240DA05 Solar Panel | Trina Solar TSM-240DA05 Solar Module. (2016). Solarelectricsupply.com. Retrieved 28 August 2016, from http:// www.solarelectricsupply.com/trina-240-watt-solar-panel-tsm-240da05-306
LIANG CHEN 743080
8 of 8