V21I2 (Apr/May 2019)

ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS 10

MUSTHAVE TRAINING TIPS FOR DOG PARENTS!

HOW DOES VAPING IMPACT YOUR DOG’S WELL-BEING?

Find out which ones are harming your fur baby

OVARYSPARING SPAY – a healthier alternative

THE BEST FOODS FOR SKIN ALLERGIES

to traditional spay and neuter

FUN & GAMES FOR spring APRIL/MAY 2019 Display until May 6, 2019

$6.95 USA/Canada

VOLUME 21 ISSUE 2

AnimalWellnessMagazine.com

BONUS INSIDE!

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CONTENTS April/May 2019

Columns 14 HEALING

INSIDE & OUT

5 natural allergy solutions for your dog

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Features 24

6 hidden household toxins –

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protecting your pet

Minimizing your dog or cat’s exposure to harmful chemicals involves more than switching to non-toxic cleaners. Check out these six hidden household toxins, and what you can do about them.

T ake a bite out of canine food allergies with an elimination diet

If your dog is itching, scratching and has GI symptoms such as diarrhea, he may have a food allergy. An elimination diet is one of the best ways to get to the root of the problem.

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S hould you spay or neuter your dog – or not?

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Standard spay and neuter surgery can have negative impacts on a dog’s health. So what are some alternative options?

T op 10 dog training tips

When it comes to training your dog, the keys to success are found in following these ten important steps.

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F leas on your feline?

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Before you reach for the chemicals, give these more natural flea remedies a try.

Animal Wellness

From acupressure to aloe vera, these holistic therapies take the itch out of your dog’s allergies.

18 NEED TO KNOW Why your dog or cat needs digestive enzymes

Supplementing with digestive enzymes enhances the health and well-being of your animal companion in many crucial ways.

22 LOOK GOOD, FEEL GOOD

Nail care for dogs and cats

Clipping your dog or cat’s nails isn’t just about protecting your furniture or floors. It’s also important for his health and comfort.

28 FUN & GAMES

Get creative with Dog Parkour!

Looking for something new to try this spring?

Dog Parkour is a fun and imaginative canine sport that transforms your surroundings into a playground for your dog.

32 HEALTH ALERT Chagas disease and your dog

What is Chagas disease, and should you worry about your dog? It depends on where you live.

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42 TRENDING NOW Activity trackers for dogs

Is your dog “getting her steps in”? Find out by investing in a canine activity tracker!

45 What are the most common health issues in dogs? Find out here.

46 VET Q&A

Does your animal need allergy testing?

Most allergic dogs and cats respond well to a holistic or integrative treatment approach, but some don’t. In these cases, allergy testing and hyposensitization may be the answer.

50 NATURAL REMEDIES

Nix his allergies with adaptogens and alteratives

Keep your allergic dog or cat itch-free with adaptogens and alteratives, two groups of herbs with specific healing properties.

60 IN FOCUS

30 years of doggy daycare

A look at how the dog daycare concept got started, and how it has evolved over the last three decades.

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14 66 GOING GREEN

90 HEALTHY CHOICES

Top 10 steps to an eco-friendly dog

Is your cat allergic to his litter?

Our canine companions have a heavy carbon footprint. In our efforts to tread more lightly on the earth, we need to include our dogs in the changes we make.

76 HEALTHWATCH How vaping impacts your dog or cat

Top 4 nutrition tips for senior dogs Help your older dog stay healthy and live long by feeding him right and keeping his weight down.

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96 NUTRITION FACTS

The “e-juice” in vape pens contains chemicals that pose a danger to the people – and animals – who are exposed to it.

80 AGING WELL

With the ever-expanding variety of cat litters on the market, your cat may be allergic to some of them. Learn what to watch for, and what to do about it.

Foods that make great cat treats

Your fridge and pantry are a rich source of treats you can share with your cat. Just be sure to make healthy choices.

98 Dogs ease

student exam stress New canine program helps make exam time easier.

Departments 8 From the Editorin-Chief

11 In the news

64 Passages

85 Marketplace

70 Animal Wellness

86 Events

resource guide

57 To the rescue

75 Spring essentials

58 Product picks

79 Let's get social

63 Business profile

84 Classifieds

– Herbs for Life, Inc.

Social Media

87 Must reads 92 Cat chat 95 Purrfect reads

Tips, contests and more!

AnimalWellnessMagazine

News, events, and tips! @ AW_magazine

Tips, pet photos, and more!

AnimalWellnessMagazine

Crafts, laughs, and more!

AnimalWellness

Animal Wellness

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ANIMAL

For a long, healthy life!

WELLNESS

VOLUME 21 ISSUE 2

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Managing Editor: Ann Brightman Associate Editor: Emily Watson Senior Graphic Designer: Dawn Cumby-Dallin Freelance Graphic Designer: Alyssa Dow Social/Digital Media Manager: Theresa Gannon Web Design & Development: Lace Imson AW Cover Image Courtesy of: Thka FW Cover Image Courtesy of: Minoli

ON THE AW COVER PHOTOGRAPH COURTESY OF:

Thka Spring time is fun time, as this happy little pooch can attest...but it’s also the season for allergies!

Taking steps to get to the root of your animal’s allergic reactions can go a long way to alleviating the itching and scratching that can detract from his enjoyment of the warmer weather – and that’s what this issue is about!

ON THE FW COVER PHOTOGRAPH COURTESY OF:

COLUMNISTS & CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Sally E. Bahner Suzi Beber, Honouris Causa Matthew Berk Linda Brent, PhD, MBA P J Broadfoot, DVM Christine Caplan, CVT Laurie Dohmen, VMD, MS Stephanie Feldstein Andrea Gronwald Mell Jackson Deva Khalsa, VMD Michelle Kutzler, DVM, PhD, DACT Carissa D. Lamkahouan Shawn Messonnier, DVM Kate Naito, CPDT-KA Nancy Scanlan, DVM Becki Selby Kim Vanderlinden, ND, DTCM Layla Morgan Wilde ADMINISTRATION & SALES President/C.E.O.: Tim Hockley Accounting: Susan Smith Circulation & Office Manager: Libby Sinden Subscription Services/Marketing & Administration Associate: Ericka Carbonneau SUBMISSIONS: Please email all editorial material to Ann Brightman, Managing Editor, at ann@redstonemediagroup.com. We welcome previously unpublished articles and color pictures either in jpeg, tif or disc form at 300 dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles or pictures will be used or that they will be returned. We reserve the right to publish all letters received.

You can also mail submissions to: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8.

Please direct other correspondence to info@redstonemediagroup.com.

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ADVERTISING SALES Western Regional Manager: Becky Starr, (866) 764-1212 ext. 221 becky@redstonemediagroup.com National Sales Manager/Editorial Associate: Kat Shaw, (866) 764-1212 ext. 315 katshaw@redstonemediagroup.com Editorial & Multimedia Specialist: Carlisle Froese, (866) 764-1212 ext. 224 carlisle@redstonemediagroup.com Media Associate: Elisabeth Dunphy, (866) 764-1212 ext. 225 elisabeth@redstonemediagroup.com CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING: Libby Sinden classifiedads@animalwellnessmagazine.com TO SUBSCRIBE: Subscription price at time of this issue is $24.00 in the U.S. and Canada, including taxes for six issues shipped via surface mail. Subscriptions can be processed by: Website: www.animalwellnessmagazine.com Phone: (866) 764-1212 ext 115 US MAIL: Animal Wellness Magazine, 6834 S University Blvd PMB 155 Centennial, CO 80122 CDN MAIL: Animal Wellness Magazine, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8 Subscriptions are payable by VISA, MasterCard, American Express, check or money order. The material in this magazine is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the editor, and different views may appear in other issues. Redstone Media Group Inc., publisher of Animal Wellness, does not promote any of the products orservices advertised by a third party advertiser in this publication, nor does Redstone Media Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims made in connection with such advertisers. Refund policy: call or write our customer service department and we will refund unmailed issues.

DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME: Animal Wellness Magazine is available at a discount for resale in retail shops and through various organizations. Call Libby at (866) 764-1212 ext 100 and ask for dealer magazine sales, fax us at (705) 742-4596 or e-mail at libby@animalwellnessmagazine.com

Minoli This coy kitty looks as if he’s reminding us that cats can get allergies too. Fleas are the first thing that “spring” to mind (no pun intended!), but some cats are also allergic to their litter, as this issue explains.

Animal Wellness Magazine (ISSN 1710-1190) is published six times a year by Redstone Media Group Inc. Publications Mail Agreement #40884047. Entire contents copyright© 2019. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: March 2019.

IMPROVING THE LIVES OF ANIMALS...

ONE READER AT A TIME.

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FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

to make a change Recently, an acquaintance of mine, Chris, was telling me how much he loves his dog, Billy; he even follows him on his pet walker’s Instagram account every day. Early on, though, Billy suffered from allergies – lots of scratching, biting and general discomfort. The vet changed his diet from a cheap commercial kibble to a prescription diet. Though it featured an alternative protein source, it still contained some questionable ingredients.

Finally, Chris took matters into his own hands and switched Billy to a much healthier diet. Fortunately, Billy has enjoyed six great itch-free years. In this case Chris was lucky; his vet did recognize that diet played a role in Billy’s overall health, and they were able to get to the root of the problem.

Both food and seasonal allergies can create discomfort for animals as well as their humans. In this issue, we look at options that can help you get a jumpstart on protecting your four-legged friend from the itching, scratching and inflammation caused by allergies. It starts with our article on five natural solutions to canine allergies, from herbs to acupressure to soothing “detox” soaks. We take a look at how certain herbs can help ease allergies in dogs, and offer advice on when you should consider allergy testing for your animal companion. Remember, as in the case of Billy, nutrition plays a big role in treating allergies, so check out some foods and recipes that will help prevent itching and irritation.

This issue also takes an eco-friendly spin (which can further help with allergies!) by presenting ten simple steps to reducing

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your dog’s carbon “pawprint”, and uncovering some of the hidden toxins that are found in everyday household items.

If you and your dog are looking to get in shape this spring, check out our article on Dog Parkour, a fun new canine sport your pooch will love! While enjoying the outdoors together, you can keep track of his activity levels with a state-of-the-art fitness tracker – we look at the latest devices on the market and what they can do.

Cats get allergies too, so our Feline Wellness section includes articles on non-toxic flea prevention for felines, and how to tell if your cat might be allergic to his litter.

Since spring is also the time for rebirth and renewal, you may notice that Animal Wellness has received a bit of a makeover. It features the same great content, with a few updates, as well as a fresh new look. We hope you like it. Please reach out and tell us what you think – info@animalwellnessmagazine.com.

Be well!

Dana Cox Editor-in-Chief Visit our facebook page at facebook.com/AnimalWellnessMagazine

CONTRIBUTORS Veterinarian Dr. PJ Broadfoot graduated Cum Laude from Kansas State University School of Veterinary Medicine in 1981, and started her own practice in Van Buren, Arkansas in 1982.

She developed an interest in nutrition, which progressed over 18 years into a holistically-oriented practice. Dr. Broadfoot was hired in 2001 as a veterinary consultant for Heel. She is a member of the CIVT faculty, as well as the AVMA and AHVMA. Turn to page 18 for Dr. Broadfoot’s article on digestive enzymes.

Veterinarian Dr. Nancy Scanlan is Executive Director for the AHVM Foundation, a board member of the World Association of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, and a consultant on the Veterinary Information Network. She has been using complementary health therapies in her veterinary practice since 1970, including nutraceuticals, acupuncture, non-classical homeopathy, and Chinese and Western herbs.

Dr. Scanlan was Executive Director of the AHVMA for three years and president of the VBMA for two years. On page 32, she writes about Chagas disease.

Veterinarian Dr. Laurie Dohmen graduated from the University of Pennsylvania. She is trained in acupuncture, food therapy, Bach flower essences, and Western herbs. She has an integrative practice in Delaware, and lectures on Western herbal veterinary medicine and other holistic topics. Dr. Dohmen is on the faculty of Maryland University of Integrative Medicine, from which she received her Master’s in Therapeutic Herbalism. She is past president of the Veterinary Botanical Medical Association. Read her advice on herbs for allergies on page 50.

Dr. Linda Brent is a scientist with expertise in non-human primate behavior, animal welfare, preclinical research, grant writing and scientific writing. She is a founder of Chimp Haven, Inc. – a sanctuary for chimpanzees retired from medical research – and served as its President and Director from 2002 to 2012. Dr. Brent is Executive Director for Parsemus Foundation, which funds innovative and neglected medical advancements. For this issue (page 54), she co-wrote an article on spay/neuter alternatives.

Veterinarian Dr. Michelle Kutzler graduated from Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine in 1993. She began a residency in veterinary reproduction at Cornell University in 1997 and became boardcertified in Theriogenology in 1999. She earned a PhD in Physiology at Cornell University in 2002. Dr. Kutzler is an Associate Professor of Companion Animal Industries at Oregon State University. For this issue (page 54), she co-wrote an article on spay/neuter alternatives.

Veterinarian Dr. Shawn Messonnier wrote The Natural Health Bible for Dogs and Cats, The Natural Vet’s Guide to Preventing and Treating Cancer in Dogs, and 8 Weeks to a Healthy Dog. He’s the pet care expert for Martha Stewart Living’s “Dr. Shawn – The Natural Vet” on Sirius Satellite Radio, and creator of Dr. Shawn’s Pet Organics. His practice, Paws & Claws Animal Hospital (petcarenaturally.com), is in Plano, Texas. For this issue, Dr. Messonnier advises on allergy testing (page 46).

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Becki Selby owns a busy grooming salon in Peterborough, Ontario, and serves as a sales consultant for an all-natural pet health company. She has worked with animals since 2000 in a variety of capacities, including veterinary assistant, pet food retailer, and pet store manager. Becki has been involved with conformation dog shows and has worked with dog trainers. Her passion is advocating for animal health and welfare. Becki gives advice on nail care on page 22.

Layla Morgan Wilde is a New Yorkbased award-winning author and cat expert. The ex-pat Canadian is the founder of Cat Wisdom 101 and The Annex Cat Rescue. She is also a certified aromatherapist.

On page 90, Layla writes about litter allergies in cats, and what to do about them.

Christine Caplan is a Certified Vet Tech, and a long-time PR veteran and content marketing expert who brings her unique understanding of social and digital media to connect dog lovers to brands both on and offline. She lives with three hounds – two “doxies” and a beagle/basset hound mix – who constantly teach her about life and companionship (mylifewithdogspdx.com).

Check out Christine’s article on the top natural remedies for allergies on page 14.

Suzi Beber has been successfully creating special needs diets for companion animals for two decades. She founded the University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Research. She is the recipient of a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, and received the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, for her work in cancer, from the University of Guelph/Ontario Veterinary College. The Smiling Blue Skies Cancer Fund is the recipient of the “Pets + Us” Community Outreach Champion Award. On page 36, Suzi discusses foods for skin allergies.

Andrea Gronwald is a certified family dog trainer through Raise with Praise, Inc., owned and operated by Paul Owens, a leading positive dog training expert. She has worked with dogs as a volunteer for two Humane Societies. Andrea and her dog are also part of a volunteer pet therapy program for veterans. She recently started working as a trainer for a local dog training company.

Andrea is a strong proponent of positive training methods.

For her top training tips, turn to page 72.

Sally Bahner specializes in catrelated issues, specifically nutrition, holistic care and behavior. She has offered her services as a feline behavior and care consultant and gives classes on cat care. Sally is the resident cat behavior expert on Tracie Hotchner’s Cat Chat radio program, and a member of the Cat Writers’ Association and the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants. Sally’s article on safe feline flea prevention is on page 93.

Photo courtesy of Beth Neal

Veterinarian Dr. Deva Khalsa authored Dr. Khalsa’s The Natural Dog and co-authored Healing Your Horse: Alternative Therapies. She lectures internationally and is a professor at the British Institute of Homeopathy. She has almost 30 years’ experience in holistic modalities. On page 80, Dr. Khalsa shares nutrition tips for senior animals.

Kate Naito, CPDT-KA, is a dog trainer at Doggie Academy in Brooklyn, NY and author of BKLN Manners™: Positive Training Solutions for Your Unruly Urban Dog. She is a rescue advocate and volunteer with a soft spot for senior and special needs pets. She participates in Dog Parkour with her two Chihuahua mixes, Batman and Beans. For more information, visit bklnmanners.com. Kate writes about the sport of Dog Parkour – see page 28.

Stephanie Feldstein is the population and sustainability director at the Center for Biological Diversity and the author of The Animal Lover’s Guide to Changing the World (St. Martin’s Griffin, 2018). In this edition (page 66), she offers tips for an eco-friendly dog or cat.

Carissa Lamkahouan is a freelance magazine and newspaper journalist based in Houston, Texas. She has 20 years’ experience covering business, small government, the arts, animal welfare, and religion for publications in the U.S. and abroad.

She also spent a year living in and blogging about Marrakech, Morocco. Turn to page 60 for Carissa’s article on the evolution of dog daycare.

IN THE NEWS

A recent survey conducted by Kelton Research revealed that the path to success is paved with animals!

That’s right – findings from the poll, which involved over 850 working professionals, revealed that 93% grew up with an animal, and 78% attribute their success, in part, to this fact. The executives also said that being around animals taught them valuable life lessons, including responsibility, empathy and creativity, helping them to thrive in the workplace. And the findings don’t stop there: • 24% said that their childhood animals taught them more valuable lessons than their first internship • 77% claimed they came up with a business idea while walking an animal • 62% believe animals had a positive impact on their ability to build relationships with coworkers and clients • 80% of those surveyed said they felt more connected to colleagues who own animals • 79% believe that colleagues with animals are hard workers.

Looking to get a leg up at the office? Spend some more time with your dog or cat! banfield.com

PET WEARABLES ON THE RISE More dogs and cats are sporting pet wearables these days. The devices include GPS and fitness trackers, which a growing number of people are opting to buy for their animals as a way to promote a healthy active lifestyle, as well as prevent their beloved fur babies from getting lost. The technology has the ability to track activity and vitals, as well as calories burned and consumed, and to record the data which can then be shared with the veterinarian or used at home as a way to improve a dog or cat’s quality of life.

According to a recent report from Grandview Research, pet wearable manufacturers are launching more innovative products that are capable of doing even more. It’s projected that over the next ten years, the popularity of these devices will continue to climb (see chart at right), partly due to the “increasing attachment of owners with their pets for companionship, entertainment, fitness and mental well-being.”

For more information on activity trackers for dogs, turn to page 42. grandviewresearch. com/industry-analysis/petwearable-market

NEW DOG FILM COVERS SEVERAL IMPORTANT THEMES

Photo courtesy of James Dittiger

ANIMAL COMPANIONS LINKED TO PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS

Lucas (Jonah Hauer King), Bella (Shelby) and Terri (Ashley Judd) in Columbia Pictures' A Dog's Way Home.

Bella is a sweet rescued pit bull whose adopter, Lucas, works at a Veterans’ Affairs hospital. Bella starts accompanying him to work where she provides companionship to the other veterans – until, tragically, a breed ban forces Lucas to give her up.

This bittersweet story is the focus of a recently-released film, A Dog’s Way Home, which hit theatres in January. The film addresses several important themes, including the human-animal bond, breed-specific legislation, and the special relationship between canines and retired war veterans.

The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) collaborated with Sony Pictures on the film, which prominently features Veterans’ Affairs hospitals. The HSUS has a new program, Operation Hero-Animal Bond, created in partnership with the Department of Veterans’ Affairs. It aims to improve the lives of veterans and shelter animals through adoption and promoting the value of the human-animal bond.

According to Kitty Block, acting president and CEO of the HSUS, the hope is that A Dog’s Way Home will generate a bigger discussion about ending breed-specific bans. blog.humanesociety.org Animal Wellness

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PET FOOD LABEL SURVEY REVEALS SURPRISING STATS Choosing the right pet food is a tricky task. Despite labeling requirements, ingredient lists and marketing ploys can make it difficult to determine what’s what. Interested in learning more about this common struggle, Luminer conducted a survey to shed some light on the mindset behind pet parents’ decisions.

DOG-FRIENDLY CINEMA OPENS IN TEXAS

Results revealed that: • 92% of respondents read the ingredients list when buying new pet food • 84% claimed they would be more likely to read the labels if more information regarding nutrition and ingredients were provided (see chart at left) • 82% said that buzzwords like If more information regarding nutrition and “natural” and “organic” influenced ingredients were provided on the pet food label, would you read it? their decision to purchase a product.

Chart courtesy of Luminer

84

36

0

Yes

No

The takeaway? People are becoming more concerned about the quality of their animals’ food, and they’re willing to make dietary decisions based on a brand’s transparency. luminer.com

DOGS LEARNING TO SCENT TRUFFLES Truffles, known as the “diamonds” of the food world, are worth upwards of $3,000 a pound. These members of the fungi family grow deep in the earth among tree roots, and are often found with the help of trained pigs. Working with pigs can be challenging, however, which is why some dog trainers are teaching canines to do the job instead.

Dogs are well-known for their ability to find things using their incredible sense of smell – whether it’s bombs or diseases. According to Alana McGee, owner of the Truffle Dog Company, while certain characteristics such as drive, endurance and friendliness are assets, all breeds can be taught to sniff out truffles – including average family canines! Alana uses positive reinforcement to help dogs and their humans learn this skill, and has worked with Chihuhuas, great Danes, and every breed in between.

The training process begins by teaching the dog to identify the scent of truffles.

He is then taught to track the scent in a controlled outdoor environment, and to alert his handler when he finds a truffle.

“It’s great fun and a great bonding experience, and builds confidence in dogs and handlers alike,” says McGee. truffledogcompany.com

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Plano, Texas has always been a dogfriendly destination -– and now it’s even better! Late last year, K9 Cinemas opened its doors, offering pups and their people a fun new way to spend time together. The pop-up theater offers daily showings, and features cushy sofas for dog parents and their pups to sit back, relax, and enjoy the show!

Owner Eric Lankford, who recently moved from Indianapolis with his Aussie Eskimo pup, Bear, plans to open a permanent location in the near future.

Until then, K9 Cinimas offers 25 human seats available per showing, in order to leave plenty of room for the fourlegged guests. Each person can bring two on-leash dogs, and is responsible for making sure they clean up any mess that’s left behind.

“Wallet Hub ranked Plano 12th among the most pet-friendly cities in the US and 2nd in Texas (behind Austin) this past year,” said Mark Thompson, Visit Plano Director. “And now we’re the place of choice for dinner and a movie – with your dog.” k9cinemas.com

Photo courtesy of Visit Plano

IN THE NEWS

IN THE NEWS NEW BILL WOULD MAKE EXTREME ANIMAL CRUELTY A FEDERAL FELONY At the end of January, two lawmakers from Florida proposed the reintroduction of a bill that would make extreme cruelty to animals a federal offense. While federal law currently prohibits animal fighting and the act of videotaping acts of animal cruelty, loopholes exist that allow animal abuse on federal land and in interstate commerce. Congressmen Ted Deutch and Vern Buchanan think the PACT (Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture) Act will close this gap.

Each state is currently responsible for prosecuting malicious acts of animal cruelty that occur within their state lines. But if a criminal is caught in a different state than the one in which s/he committed the abuse, s/he cannot be prosecuted.

The PACT Act, however, allows federal prosecutors to pursue charges against those who committed abuses before crossing state lines, as well as those in online forums, national parks or on military bases, reserves or any other federal lands. buchanan.house.gov/mediacenter/press-releases/buchanandeutch-introduce-bill-combatanimal-cruelty

DOG OWNERS WALK 870 MILES A YEAR A recent survey conducted by OnePoll.com found that people with dogs walk an average of 870 miles per year. A total of 2,000 adults took part in the study, half of whom had dogs. Results revealed that those with canine companions walk more than 21 miles a week, while those without walk less than 14 miles.

The survey discovered some additional interesting facts and stats: • Dog owners are fitter overall, and reported better mental health and reduced stress levels.

• Dog walks are 34 minutes long on average.

• 10% of respondents said they blame the weather for not walking their dogs more often.

• 23% believe their dogs have made them more sociable.

• One in five are too busy with work issues to walk their dogs more than they already do.

• Based on the answers provided, it was estimated that in one year dog guardians use 936 poo bags, play 2,340 games of fetch, and call their dogs’ names at least 1,404 times. independent.co.uk/ topic/walk

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HEALING INSIDE & OUT FROM ACUPRESSURE TO ALOE VERA, THESE HOLISTIC THERAPIES HELP TAKE THE ITCH OUT

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OF YOUR DOG’S ALLERGIES.

natural allergy solutions for your dog

By Christine Caplan, CVT

Skin allergies afflict large numbers of dogs, and can be challenging to treat.

Mainstream medicine tends to only mask the symptoms without getting to the root of the problem. A holistic approach offers a wider range of options and takes into consideration the whole dog, and not just his skin. Let’s look at five effective natural solutions to your dog’s allergies.

Greg Tilford, herbalist, animal expert and author of Herbs For Pets: An Herbal Repertory for Animals, tells us that allergies occur when “antigenic substances or allergens enter the body and trigger a disproportionately aggressive immune

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response”. As most dog parents with allergic canines know, the conventional way to treat allergies is with antihistamines and corticosteroid drugs like prednisone, which has a number of unpleasant side effects. Steroids suppress the immune system so the dog’s allergy symptoms (itching, licking and biting) no longer occur.

Based on experience with my own dog, and as a certified veterinary technician, I’ve seen many cases of canine allergies, and while steroids will alleviate the symptoms for a while, they leave the actual underlying cause unaddressed.

And typically, only short-term doses of steroids are recommended.

A holistic or integrative vet will determine how to best treat a dog’s allergies by trying to determine the substance causing the over-reactive immune response, and what can be done to help correct this response. Allergies typically fall into five categories: contact, flea, food, bacterial, and inhalant. With the help of your vet, it’s important to identify the root of your dog’s allergies.

5 HOLISTIC OPTIONS FOR ALLERGIC DOGS If you’re looking for alternative allergy treatments for your dog, there are many to choose from. Our top favorites are featured here. Note that they should all

be used under the supervision of a holistic or integrative veterinarian as they can interfere with other medications being taken by your dog. Licorice, for example, has many contraindications.

q Licorice, as an effective anti-inflammatory agent, is a less obstructive alternative to steroids. In fact, holistic vets often use licorice as a substitute for antiinflammatory drugs (like NSAIDs) or to reduce an animal’s need for corticosteroids.

Green tea

– another allergy remedy

Green tea offers yet another solution to your dog’s allergies. For dogs with itchy skin or hot spots, it can be an excellent addition to the detox treatment plan and can be used topically to provide soothing relief for hot spots.

Many holistic vets refer to licorice as nature’s cortisone, which is why this is number one on our list! Recent research has demonstrated this herb has detoxification properties similar to silymarin, thanks to its glycyrrhizin content. Licorice is anti-allergenic and when used topically is effective for many skin infections.

w Body “detox” soaks (and paw soaks)

should also be considered. Veterinarian Dr. Jodie Gruenstern recommends adding in essential oils to help with the detox for allergic dogs. “I provide immediate relief to my allergy patients with ‘detox soaks’,” she says. “Dogs can be soaked safely and effectively with the right combination of healthy soap, and diluted medicinal essential oils, to increase circulation and support the detoxifying liver pathways and the immune system.

Utilizing oils like lavender or chamomile

MANY HOLISTIC VETS REFER TO LICORICE AS NATURE’S CORTISONE.

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can mechanically soothe irritated skin and calm the frazzled nerves of both dog and dog parent.”

e

“Lung 7 (Lu 7), Broken Sequence – Benefits skin issues, especially abdominal itching, and strengthens the immune system.

a very small amount to monitor for an adverse reaction.”

r Acupressure is a safe non-invasive

Nettle is an herb that can be made into an excellent tonic for seasonal allergies and is also helpful for repelling fleas.

A herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the Urticaceae family, nettle offers mild antihistamine relief and is a strong diuretic.

Many holistic vets find nettle helpful when used topically as a skin and coat rinse as it provides relief for itchy skin and flea bites. “Nettles help animals who have seasonal allergies; they may benefit from consuming a tincture or tea of nettle leaf,” says veterinarian Dr. Keith Weingardt. “It can help lessen symptoms if taken on a regular basis. If your animal has a known allergy to plants, however, be cautious when starting nettle and use

modality developed thousands of years ago as an important aspect of Chinese medicine. It can be effective for allergies. Acupressure uses precise finger/thumb placement and pressure over specific points along the dog's body.

“Four acupressure points are known to stimulate and strengthen the immune system,” explain Amy Snow and Nancy Zidonis of the Tallgrass Animal Acupressure Institute:

“Stomach 36 (St 36), Leg Three Mile – Helps prevent allergies. Additionally, this point is used to enhance the movement of energy and blood throughout the dog’s body to support good health.”

t Aloe vera is a popular remedy for both

“Large Intestine 11 (LI 11), Pond in the Curve – Enhances the immune system, reduces itching (pruritus), and benefits skin disorders.

“Large Intestine 4 (LI 4), Adjoining Valley – Used for allergic dermatological issues and benefits the immune system.

dogs and people. For dogs with itchy skin, aloe is the best topical treatment available to pet parents. Aloe vera is not only used for the treatment of itchy skin, but also for many skin problems such as allergies, hot spots and rashes. The plant contains an enzyme that reduces the development of inflammatory proteins in the skin cells.

Aloe stimulates the immune system. It’s easy to grow as a houseplant, and using it at home is as easy as cutting a mature leaf from the lower part of the plant and squeezing out the juice.

Again, consult your holistic or integrative vet before adding anything new to your dog’s treatment routine.

Even when your four-legged best friend feels much better and is less itchy, you still need to find the underlying cause of the problem so it can be addressed and help prevent a recurrence of the allergies. In the meantime, however, the solutions highlighted in this article will result in a happier, calmer and more comfortable dog.

“NETTLES HELP ANIMALS WHO HAVE SEASONAL ALLERGIES; THEY MAY BENEFIT FROM CONSUMING A TINCTURE OR TEA OF NETTLE LEAF.” 16

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NEED TO KNOW

Why your dog or cat needs

DIGESTIVE ENZYMES D gs Cats

Supplementing with digestive enzymes enhances the health and well-being of your canine and feline companion in many crucial ways.

By P J Broadfoot, DVM

"Man is not nourished by what he swallows, but by what he digests and uses,” wrote Hippocrates. This is true for all creatures, including dogs and cats – and an important part of what determines that nourishment involves digestive enzymes. In this article, we’ll look at what digestive enzymes are, and why they’re so important to your animal’s health.

them, as the body's entire metabolic process is based on the activation, inhibition and control of enzymes.

DISEASES CAUSED BY ENZYMATIC DYSFUNCTION

WHAT IS AN ENZYME?

Diseases that disrupt the synthesis or secretion of digestive pancreatic enzymes cause mal-digestion with subsequent malabsorption.

Enzymes are proteins found either within cells or dissolved in body fluids.

They serve as biological catalysts, reducing the amount of energy required for chemical reactions, and controlling metabolic reactions that would otherwise either not take place, or occur very slowly, under normal physiological conditions. There are over 80,000 known enzyme systems, each with a specific function. Life would not exist without

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) occurs when there is a loss of 85% to 90% of exocrine pancreatic mass. Without the pancreatic enzymes, severe mal-digestion and malabsorption of starch, protein and most notably fat will occur. EPI in dogs is often complicated by secondary bowel pathogen overgrowth and antibiotic-responsive diarrhea, which

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further disrupts nutrient digestion and absorption. EPI is relatively uncommon in cats and is most frequently due to chronic pancreatitis.

Lactase deficiency from a brush border enzyme deficiency may cause milk intolerance in adult dogs and cats. (The brush border refers to the microvillicovered surface of epithelium cells found in the intestines.)

Amylase deficiency from acquired brush border defects may be seen in the course of generalized small intestinal disease. Carnivores are not suited to high carbohydrate diets, as they cannot maintain long-term production of the quantity of amylase enzymes necessary to properly digest and utilize them.

Proteins in grains are also less easily digested than animal proteins. Allergies and other chronic immune problems

may develop, as outlined in the next paragraph.

Allergies and food sensitivities are common with enzymatic dysfunction. Allergens are almost always proteinaceous, and undigested food particles may cross the intestinal barrier into the bloodstream, where they are identified as foreign substances by the immune system. This wastes precious defense resources on a "false alarm" rather than defending the body from true hazards, and is referred to as food leucocytosis (a food-driven increase in white blood cells).

CICs (circulating immune complexes) start out as undigested large protein molecules (primarily from wheat, corn, dairy and soy) that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Antibodies

couple with these foreign protein invaders to form CICs. At first, these CICs may be neutralized by the immune system, then eliminated through the lymphatic system and kidneys.

A glut of CICs can overwhelm the body's ability to eliminate them, so the body is forced to "store" them in its own soft tissues, resulting in an ongoing allergic immune response that leads to inflammation and, ultimately, autoimmune disorders. In fact, studies have shown that diseases which present high CIC levels can be improved or even cured by eliminating the excess CICs. Furthermore, putrefaction in the gut caused by undigested food may jeopardize the integrity of the intestinal wall, allowing various environmental toxins in the food to find their way into the blood and body.

Continued on page 20.

Specific uses for

ENZYMES

 Though animals being fed a raw meat diet

(frozen or home-prepared) rarely need digestive enzyme supplements, they may be needed during diet transitions, or when part of the diet is plant-based; in the wild, most plant materials would be “pre-digested” in the ingesta of the intestinal tract. Any animal whose diet is predominately processed will greatly benefit from digestive enzymes.

 Animals with digestive upsets (gas, diarrhea, vomiting), yeast overgrowth and sluggish metabolism benefit from enzyme supplementation while deeper cures are attained.

 Many animals undergoing stress (travel, anxiety, noise phobia, etc.) also benefit.

 Research has uncovered evidence that impaired digestion, as well as decreased enzyme activity in the blood, are directly related to the aging process. As we and our animals age, the number of enzymes and their activity levels decrease in our bodies.

 Antibiotics or other medications may also interfere with the microbiome and enzyme function, so both digestive enzymes and probiotics are routinely indicated.

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ENZYMES AND THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS Most fresh-grown food contains enough active enzymes to digest the proteins, starches or fats found in that food. For example, avocados and nuts have naturally-occurring lipase or fat-digesting enzymes, while oats have a high level of amylase, or starch-digesting enzymes. The contribution of foodbased enzymes to the digestive process is extremely important and too often overlooked.

Food should enter the stomach complete with digestive enzymes, which then pre-digest the food.

The stomach churns the food, pre-digesting as much as 75% of the meal. The time this process takes varies with any given species. After the pre-digestion, hydrochloric acid, produced by the parietal cells in the stomach wall, temporarily inactivates all the food-based enzymes and breaks down what is left of the meal. Then, acid-resistant pepsin is introduced.

Even though they are proteins, enzymes are too big and complex to be destroyed by the acid in the stomach,

which means they can't be digested. Most enzymes are rendered temporarily inactive by the high-acid environment, then reactivated the moment they enter the more alkaline environment of the intestinal tract.

Eventually, the nutrient-rich food concentrate moves into the duodenum, where enzymes produced by the pancreas are responsible for the final digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.

Liver secretions neutralize the acidity of the gastric juice, and bile emulsifies the fats for better digestion and absorption.

Nutrients are absorbed along the surface of the intestine and carried into the blood, which flows to the liver where it is filtered to prevent the circulation of undesirable substances in the body. Nutrients are then delivered to every cell of the body. Finally, waste products, undigested food and bacteria move into the colon to be eliminated.

Continued from page 19.

SUPPLEMENTING WITH ENZYMES Supplemental enzymes are needed to replace those destroyed by cooking and processing food. Processing and cooking at any heat of approximately 118°F to 129°F (48°C to 54°C), for as few as three minutes, can destroy virtually all enzymes.

This results in very little pre-digestion taking place in the stomach, which means what's left of the food mass enters the small intestine largely undigested. This puts the pancreas and other organs of the endocrine system under tremendous stress, since they have to draw reserves from the entire body in order to produce massive amounts of the proper enzymes.

It’s important to consult your veterinarian when selecting the appropriate enzyme product for your dog or cat. Supplemental enzymes are often found in combinations: • Lipase: Digests most fats.

• Lactase: Digests milk sugar. Most mammals have high intestinal lactase activity at birth, which declines to low levels with age and causes incomplete digestion of milk and other foods

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containing lactose. Like humans, some dogs and cats seem more capable of tolerating milk than others.

• Amylase: Aids the breakdown and assimilation of starches and carbohydrates so they can be converted by other enzymes to glucose.

• Glucoamylase: Breaks down maltose into glucose molecules.

• Cellulase and hemicellulase: Break down cellulose (fiber), which allows access to key nutrients in fruits and vegetables (e.g. carotenoids in carrots, polyphenols in berries, and folate in beans, spinach and broccoli). Cellulase is produced primarily by fungi, bacteria and protozoans.

• Maltase: Digests complex and simple sugars, as well as unused glycogen in muscle tissue. Glycogen is converted from sugars and starches and is stored in muscle cells for future use.

• Invertase: Breaks down sucrose products like refined sugar, a common food source that can contribute to digestive stress.

• Alpha galactosidase: Helps digest carbohydrates found in certain foods, such as beans, that are not readily digestible in the small intestine.

Undigested carbohydrates then pass into the large intestine where they are fermented by bacteria and produce gas, bloating, pain and general discomfort.

As Dr. Edward Howell wrote in Enzyme Nutrition: The Food Enzyme Concept, “A person's life span is directly related to the exhaustion of their enzyme potential. And the use of food enzymes decreases that rate of exhaustion, and thus, results in a longer, healthier and more vital life.” We can also enhance the lives of our dogs and cats by considering the contribution enzymes make to their wellness and longevity.

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LOOK GOOD, FEEL GOOD

D gs Cats

By Becki Selby

NAIL CARE FOR DOGS AND CATS CLIPPING YOUR DOG OR CAT’S NAILS ISN’T JUST ABOUT PROTECTING YOUR FURNITURE OR FLOORS. IT’S ALSO IMPORTANT FOR HIS HEALTH AND COMFORT. Most people cut their dog or cat’s nails because they want to prevent their hardwood floors from getting scratched, or their sofas from being shredded. But regular nail maintenance does a lot more than that. It also contributes to your animal’s comfort and well-being, in a multitude of ways.

WHY SHOULD I CLIP MY DOG OR CAT’S NAILS? Here are five good reasons for maintaining your animal’s nails at a healthy length.

1. Provides better traction This is especially important for growing puppies, dogs with orthopedic problems, and elderly pets. Many of our canine and feline companions live indoors with us where floors can be slippery. Overgrown nails can force the animal’s foot up, allowing less of the pad to come in contact with the surface he’s walking or running on. This can lead to slips and injuries, not to mention scratches in your hardwood!

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2. Reduces risk of injury Animals with long claws can injure themselves while scratching. Long nails are also more likely to get caught in things, or to snap, causing pain that may require veterinary attention.

Nails that are not properly maintained can cause injury to people and other animals as well

3. Prevents claws from growing into the pad If left unattended long enough, nails can actually grow into the pad of the animal’s foot. This causes a great deal of pain and can lead to infection. Dewclaws (nails located on the upper side of the foot) are more likely to do this, but depending on your animal’s anatomy and exercise level, it can happen with any neglected nail.

4. Helps lessen orthopedic problems Long nails can actually force an animal’s toes to spread, twist or lift when walking. This unnatural position

can cause temporary discomfort or permanent structural issues, and even lead to arthritis. Keeping nails as short as possible will allow the animal to walk on the pads of his feet as intended.

5. Decreases damage to property Of course, maintaining your dog or cat’s nails can prevent him from doing damage to furniture, flooring, doors, clothing, car interiors, etc. Cats are particularly guilty of scratching inappropriately; you can prevent damage simply by keeping their nails trimmed and providing them with scratching posts.

WHAT TOOLS DO I NEED FOR NAIL CARE? Nail clippers These generally come in two styles – scissor and guillotine. The scissor varieties are generally stronger, easier to maneuver, and come in a variety of sizes. Guillotine-style clippers allow you to insert the nail and cut on an angle. If

possible, hold a few pairs in your hand before buying, and see which ones feel most comfortable.

Nail grinder These are specialized dremel-like tools designed for pets’ nails. The motor spins a sand paper attachment while you hold the animal’s nail on it. The result is a smooth finish without sharp edges.

Nail file A metal nail file is a good alternative to a motorized grinder tool – especially if you have a noise-sensitive dog or cat – and will smooth out any rough edges on the nail.

Styptic powder Styptic powder can be applied to a nail that has been cut too short and is bleeding. It stops bleeding quickly.

Styptic sticks can also be used.

HOW DO I ACCUSTOM MY DOG OR CAT TO HAVING HIS NAILS TRIMMED? Most animals are sensitive about their feet being handled. If possible, it is best to start touching and handling a dog or cat’s feet and toes as early in life as possible. When the animal is in a calm state, begin to desensitize by simply touching his toes and feet. Massage and reward with treats or praise when he remains calm and receptive. Move on to tapping the nail with the clippers,

and rewarding when this action is well received. After the nails have been clipped, follow up with a grinder or file to smooth edges. Make it a positive experience for you and your animal.

Sometimes having a second person to comfort the dog or cat is all it takes to get the job done!

WHAT IF MY ANIMAL IS STILL STRESSED ABOUT NAIL CLIPPING? Dogs and cats can sense when a person is nervous, so make sure you approach the situation with confidence. Giving your animal a break between nails can help. Try to have him stand while you lift his feet, trimming like a blacksmith would a horse’s hooves – this can give you more control, allows you to see the quick easier from the underside, and can be a more comfortable position for your animal. (This might be easier with a dog than a cat!) Be careful not to manipulate his legs or force him through the process. Practice, patience and time will be required for your dog or cat to grow comfortable with nail maintenance.

WHEN SHOULD I CALL A PROFESSIONAL? If your dog or cat gets aggressive or opposes trimming to the point of injuring himself, it might be best to leave his nail maintenance to the professionals. Consult your veterinarian or groomer if either you or your animal is uncomfortable with the nail trimming process. Regular nail trims with a professional are not usually expensive.

HOW DO I KNOW WHEN I SHOULD TRIM HIS NAILS?

Every dog and cat is different and will require a different nail care schedule.

Heavier, active dogs may wear their nails down faster than a smaller dog who is not as active. Some indications that your animal might need some foot attention include: • Nails clicking on the floor • Nail biting • Nails catching on carpet or upholstery • Visual signs that nails need a trim, or if it has been more than a month since the last trim.

WHAT IF I CUT A NAIL TOO SHORT?

The vein located within the nail is referred to as the “quick”. If you happen to cut too far down the nail and it starts to bleed, remain calm.

Often, the animal barely notices your mistake. Simply place some styptic powder on the bleeding nail and add pressure. Repeat until the bleeding stops. Avoid exercise for the next few hours to prevent the nail from bleeding again.

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6

HIDDEN HOUSEHOLD

D gs Cats

TOXINS HOW TO PROTECT YOUR PET Minimizing your dog or cat’s exposure to harmful chemicals involves more than switching to non-toxic cleaners. Check out these six hidden household toxins, and what you can do about them.

By Ann Brightman

One of the most important ways to help ensure your dog or cat enjoys a long and healthy life is to minimize his exposure to toxins in the home environment. Using natural cleaners is a great strategy, but it doesn’t end there. Harmful toxins can lurk in many other household products besides cleaners, and these chemicals can have a detrimental effect on both you and your animal companion. Find out what some of these toxins are and where they’re hiding – and how to protect your dog or cat.

1. PHTHALATES What they are: Phthalates are a group of chemicals used to make plastic and vinyl softer and more flexible. They also enhance fragrances in personal care products.

Where they’re found: Just about everywhere.

Phthalates are found in a wide array of personal care products such as shampoos, soaps, cosmetics and perfumes, as well as household items like vinyl flooring, shower curtains, plastic food containers, and children’s toys.

Why they’re bad: Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, and can cause damage to the liver and kidneys as well as the respiratory and reproductive systems in both people and animals.

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How to avoid them: Opt for unscented or natural personal care products. Use high quality essential oils instead of artificial fragrances. Store food in glass rather than plastic containers; the same applies if you microwave food.

Choose more natural materials for household items such as flooring (remember that your dog or cat is a lot closer to the floor than you are, so his exposure to phthalates will be a lot higher).

2. POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS What they are: PBDEs are a family of brominated hydrocarbons that were long used as flame retardants before being phased out in the US in 2013. Canada is also working towards a ban of these chemicals.

Where they’re found: PBDEs can be found in older upholstered furniture, as well as computers, building materials, foam products, etc.

Why they’re bad: These chemicals are neurotoxins and endocrine disruptors and can affect the thyroid as well as the reproductive and immune systems. PBDEs have also been linked to cancer.

Essential oils such as cinnamon, thyme and oregano are natural disinfectants that can be used in place of triclosan products – again, be sure to use the highest quality oils.

4. PCBS What they are: Though they haven’t been manufactured since the late 1970s, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were in use for almost 50 years for coolants and lubricants in electrical equipment, as well as in paint and sealing and caulking compounds. Unfortunately, they don’t break down easily and can linger in the environment for a long time, which is why they’re still an issue today.

Where they’re found: PCBs have entered the food chain and are now found in fish and some meats.

Why they’re bad: Long-term exposure to these chemicals has been associated with various malignancies, including liver, skin, kidney, GI and brain cancers.

How to avoid them: When preparing fish and meat for your animal or yourself, remove the skin and fat, which is where toxic chemicals are most likely to accumulate. Buy high quality

How to avoid them: When buying new, look for products that are labelled free of flame retardants – if in doubt, ask the seller or manufacturer. Replace older sofas and pillows that may contain PBDE-containing foams, especially if your animal lies on them a lot. Because these chemicals can shed into the environment, use a vacuum with a HEPA filter for cleaning up around the house.

3. TRICLOSAN What it is: Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent added to many household products.

Where it’s found: Not surprisingly, triclosan is used in antibacterial soaps and hand sanitizers, and is also found in most dishwashing liquids as well as toothpastes and deodorants.

Why it’s bad: Not only can triclosan promote the development of drug-resistant bacteria, but it’s also linked to cancer and can affect muscle and heart function.

How to avoid it: Switch to more natural body care products, and wash dishes in a detergent made from simple ingredients.

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pet foods – they contain more muscle meat without byproducts such as rendered fat.

5. QUARTERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS What they are: Like triclosan, these chemicals are used as antimicrobials in a variety of household products.

Where they’re found: Also known as “quats”, these toxins are found in antibacterial cleaners as well as dryer sheets and fabric softeners.

Why they’re bad: Quats are another contributor to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. They also cause skin irritation and respiratory problems such as asthma.

NON-TOXIC fabric softener 4 tablespoons of baking soda 3 or 4 drops of essential oil such as lavender – again, be sure to use only high quality therapeutic grade oils.

Combine the baking soda and oils well, and add the mixture to your washing machine’s rinse cycle.

How to avoid them: Ditch the dryer sheets and fabric softeners, especially when washing your dog or cat’s bedding.

Adding some white vinegar to the wash water helps soften sheets, towels and clothes, and even reduces static cling.

You can also make a fabric softener – see sidebar at right.

Antibacterial cleaners, meanwhile, can be replaced with simple homemade cleaners containing essential oils such as those mentioned earlier.

6. TETRACHLORETHYLENE What it is: Also known as perchloroethylene or “perc”, this chemical is a commonly-used solvent that has been in use for a century.

Where it’s found: Tetrachlorethylene is used in dry-cleaning solutions, as well as in cleaners for upholstery and carpets. It’s also found in spot removers for clothing and carpets.

Why it’s bad: This chemical is not only a neurotoxin, but is also associated with cancer. It can cause dizziness and loss of coordination when inhaled from carpets or dry-cleaned clothes. The state of California is aiming to phase out “perc” use by 2023; hopefully other regions will follow suit.

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How to avoid it: Try to avoid buying clothes and other fabrics that can only be dry-cleaned, or else look for a cleaning outlet that doesn’t use chemical solvents such as tetrachlorethylene – some have switched to water-based technology (i.e. “wet cleaner” vs. “dry cleaner”). Send the chemical spot removers to hazardous waste and replace them with a natural non-toxic product.

The modern household environment is home to many additional chemicals and toxins that can have a negative effect on your dog or cat’s health, and your own. But don’t despair.

Safer, non-toxic alternatives abound – all it takes is a bit of research and homework and you’ll be well on your way to a healthier human and animal family!

FUN & GAMES

Get creative with

DOG PAR For too many dog lovers, a walk in the park is anything but. Your dog drags you from shrub to shrub, lunges towards every squirrel that hops by, and puts on the brakes whenever he sees a canine friend approaching. With so many distractions, it can be nearly impossible for him to pay attention to you. If you want your dog to focus on you during your walks, you need to give him a reason to do so. One way to do this is by turning your walks into a game that you and your pup can enjoy together. That way, you don’t have to compete with all the exciting things in his surroundings; in fact, you can use them as part of the game! This is the basis of Dog Parkour, a fun new sport that can transform the on-leash relationship between you and your dog.

WHAT IS DOG PARKOUR, ANYWAY? Dog Parkour turns your surroundings into a playground. Unlike Parkour for humans, the canine version is not about daredevil tricks, but rather about creative interactions with everyday objects that

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turn them into “environmental features” your dog can jump on, crawl under, and squeeze between. That boring old tree stump? Teach your dog how to hop up on it and do a trick. A fire hydrant?

What a perfect object to circle. That park bench you pass every day gives you the opportunity to teach your dog how to duck under an object, or jump up and walk along it. In other words, Parkour gives you and your dog an entirely new outlook on leashed walks. The two of you are no longer pulling each other in opposite directions; now, you’re on the hunt for environmental features to tackle as a team.

By practicing some of the simple Parkour exercises in this article, your dog will be reminded how fun it is to interact with you, and as a result, he’ll listen more and pull less. Practicing basic Parkour has the added benefit of burning your dog’s energy, both physical and mental. A 20-minute walk around the neighborhood is unlikely to tire an energetic dog, but a 20-minute walk that

includes a dozen Parkour exercises has a much greater impact. A more productive walk helps ensure your dog feels relaxed and satisfied. Whether he’s excitable or anxious, Dog Parkour gives his mind and body something practical to do, which helps take the edge off.

4 EASY PARKOUR EXERCISES Here are a few ways to get started in Dog Parkour. (Note that these may not correspond to the requirements of titling organizations; the goal here is to just have fun!) In all cases, keep your dog’s safety and health in mind. Dog Parkour isn’t about learning death-defying stunts; rather, the goal is to provide enrichment activities for your dog in a controlled and stress-free way.

“Two Feet On” This involves the dog putting his two front paws on an object and holding his position for at least three seconds. You can start with very low objects, like a flattened cardboard box or a low tree stump.

LOOKING FOR SOMETHING NEW TO DO THIS SPRING? DOG PARKOUR IS A FUN AND IMAGINATIVE CANINE SPORT THAT TRANSFORMS YOUR SURROUNDINGS INTO A PLAYGROUND FOR YOUR DOG.

KOUR!

By Kate Naito, CPDT-KA

q With your dog on leash, point to the object and encourage him to put his front paws on it. You can also lure him onto the object, but let him approach at his pace.

No pressure!

w When his front paws are on the object, mark “yes” and reward with a treat. Give a release word such as “okay” to signal him to dismount, and spot if necessary.

Repeat this sequence until your dog fully understands it.

e Add a verbal cue, like “paws”, right before you point to the object. Mark and reward when he’s on the object.

r As he gets better at putting two paws on many different objects, pause for a second before marking and rewarding. Over time, make the pause longer and longer, working up to three to five seconds.

“Under” In this exercise, your dog will go under an object such as a park bench. Start with something that has plenty of clearance, so he doesn’t have to crawl.

q Set your dog up on one side of the environmental feature. Ask him to “stay” and walk to the opposite side.

w Call your dog and encourage him to come to you by walking under the object. Mark and reward once he comes to you.

Continued on page 30.

DO YOUR HOMEWORK

Before jumping into Dog Parkour, get some guidance from one of the recently-established Parkour organizations, such as the International Dog Parkour Association (dogparkour.org) or All Dogs Parkour (facebook.com/groups/ AllDogsParkour/). These groups give you the option of earning Parkour titles by submitting a video of your dog’s skills. Both groups emphasize safety, and you should adhere to their guidelines even if you don’t plan to go for a title. Follow these rules based on All Dogs Parkour’s requirements: • The dog must be in a back clip harness with a secure snap or buckle that can support his weight. No collars or corrective harnesses, as these could injure the dog if he falls.

• When the dog is doing an exercise above ground level, the handler must spot the dog by holding the leash above his body, in case he slips or falls.

• The dog must willingly perform all the exercises without coercion.

• The dog needs to be supported by the leash or harness when dismounting from an environmental feature taller than his shoulder.

• Provide a “step” for the dog when jumping onto an object above shoulder height, and spot during the interaction.

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Continued from page 29.

e

hen your dog is doing the exercise W consistently, add a verbal cue like “under” before calling him to you.

As time goes on, you can ask him to walk under lower objects that require him to duck, then crawl.

r Add a verbal cue such as “around” before you start the sequence.

Continue to gradually reduce how dramatic your cue is, until you can simply point to the object.

A CREATIVE

CANINE SPORT

“Between” This exercise asks the dog to walk between two objects that are positioned closely together, like two trees or street signs. The training sequence is similar to “Under”.

Dog Parkour is one of the

q P ut the dog in a “stay” on one side of

interacts with them. For

most creative of canine sports, since you choose both the environmental features and how your dog

the two objects. Position yourself on the opposite side. You should both be as close to the objects as possible, so the distance between you is very short.

instance, a New York City bike rack has numerous possibilities: your dog can jump over the low portions of the W-shaped bars, walk

all your dog. When he walks between wC the objects, mark and reward.

between two vertical bars, weave in and out among

e Once your dog is doing it

the bars, walk backwards

consistently, add a verbal cue like “between” before calling him to you.

between two bars, put his front two paws on the bar,

“Around” This teaches your dog to circle 360° around an object, such as a fire hydrant or tree.

and so on. He doesn’t have to do all these exercises; it really depends on what interests him.

q Use a treat to slowly lure your dog around an object, so he walks a circle around it before you mark and give him the treat. Repeat this many times, until your dog can smoothly follow the treat.

w Fade the lure by doing about three reps where you lure with the treat, but don’t give it to him. Instead, give him an even tastier “surprise” treat from your other hand or your pocket.

This teaches your dog that it’s good not to be lured.

e Finally, use an empty hand to make the lure gesture (now it’s actually a cue).

With every rep, make your cue a little less dramatic.

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Now that you have all the tools to get started in Dog Parkour, it’s time to leash up your pup and hit the road!

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HEALTH ALERT

WHAT IS CHAGAS DISEASE, AND SHOULD YOU WORRY ABOUT YOUR DOG? IT DEPENDS ON WHERE YOU LIVE.

By Nancy Scanlan, DVM

AND YOUR DOG You may or may not have heard of Chagas disease, depending on where you live. This serious and frustrating disease affects both dogs and humans and is caused by a one-celled microorganism called Trypanosoma cruzi. It’s spread by kissing bugs, though thankfully, dogs and people can’t spread it among others of their kind. Chagas disease is especially common in South America, but is also found in the US – states with the highest incidence are Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana and Georgia, though some cases have also occurred in Virginia, South Carolina and Tennessee.

If you live in one of the affected states, it’s important to understand something

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about Chagas disease, including its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

HOW DOES A DOG GET CHAGAS DISEASE? Trypanosoma cruzi lives in the digestive tract of the kissing bug and is found in their feces. Kissing bugs are insects that feed on blood; they’re found in the southern and western US as well as Mexico and parts of Central and South America. Most kissing bugs are harmless, but in the states mentioned above, they can carry Chagas disease.

After an infected kissing bug bites a dog (or person), it turns around and

Kissing bug

defecates on the bite. The trypanosomes then enter the body through the bite. Infection can also occur when dogs eat an infected kissing bug. The trypanosomes multiply in the dog’s tissue for three days and then enter the bloodstream. From there, they travel to various parts of the body. In dogs, the primary area to be infected is the

heart, but sometimes the nervous system is also involved. The trypanosomes cause a high level of inflammation by destroying the cells of the heart, and by giving off chemicals that cause inflammation.

Although the immune system eventually produces antibodies, they are not very effective against Chagas disease because the trypanosomes can hide from the immune system.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Signs of infection start appearing about 14 days after the dog is bitten.

• Most dogs in the early acute phase of Chagas disease have a fever and are weak and lethargic. They can also show sudden signs of heart disease, such as difficulty breathing and abnormal heart rhythms. They may additionally develop anemia (which will cause pale gums), swollen lymph nodes, and sometimes swelling of the lower legs. If the trypanosomes enter the nervous system, dogs will show signs of weakness in the back legs, and problems swallowing and defecating.

Some dogs die during the acute phase.

• In the chronic phase of Chagas disease, the heart problems (and nervous system signs, if affected) gradually worsen. Dogs can develop a cough, and the abdomen may fill with fluid and become swollen. Since the heart is the main target in dogs, Chagas disease is one of the major

The best way to prevent Chagas disease is by controlling kissing bugs in areas where they’re prevalent. While insecticides may sometimes be required, there are less toxic steps you can take to keep the bugs at bay.

• Let your dog sleep indoors with you. Dogs kept outside in infested kennels are much more likely to catch the disease than dogs that live inside.

• Seal any gaps, holes or cracks in windows, screens or walls where kissing bugs could enter your home.

• Keep the outer walls of your home clear of debris such as piles of wood or brush.

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Acupuncture can be helpful for hind leg weakness. causes of myocarditis, conduction disturbances, arrhythmias and heart failure from cardiomyopathy in regions where the disease is common.

Nervous system signs in the chronic phase include weakness of the hind legs, megaesophagus and megacolon.

Some dogs may suddenly die.

DIAGNOSIS CAN BE DIFFICULT A definite diagnosis of Chagas disease can be difficult, because the signs and lab tests are so variable. In fact, not all infected dogs show signs of illness, which means the disease may only be diagnosed by a blood test or blood smear done for other reasons.

Your veterinarian might see increased spleen and liver size when doing an x-ray or ultrasound. Lab tests might show anemia, and elevated liver enzymes. At other times, all tests can look normal. Trypanosomes might be seen in a blood smear or in the fluid from a swollen abdomen, but they may not be easy to find.

The best method of diagnosing Chagas disease is with a PCR test. A blood test for antibodies can also help, but it can be negative in a dog with the disease. False positives can also occur.

TREATMENT REQUIRES AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH The most important part of treating Chagas disease is to support the dog’s heart (and nervous system, if that is also affected), whether or not the disease has been definitely diagnosed. It is also crucial to decrease the massive inflammation in the heart and other parts of the body.

Since this disease can progress rapidly, fast-acting drugs that are commonly used to help the heart should be utilized, especially when coughing or abdominal swelling is present. Sometimes the heart beats so slowly that a pacemaker is needed. High doses of vitamins E and C, along with blackberry leaf extract, can be used together and in conjunction with the medication, and will not interfere with the drugs’ action. If the dog’s liver is affected, milk thistle is useful as well. Acupuncture can be helpful for hind leg weakness.

Unfortunately, no herb can completely get rid of the trypanosomes in a dog’s body. The drug Benznidazole can kill them, but is not always effective. If the dog has no symptoms, even though he has tested positive for the disease, the general consensus is not to treat. But if he is positive and showing

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symptoms, it is worth trying the drug.

In the early phase of the disease (when it is hardest to diagnose), treatment is effective in just under 70% of patients, but in the chronic phase, only about 30% respond. The most common side effect of Benznidazole is vomiting, sometimes severe enough that the drug must be discontinued. However, ginger can help with the vomiting, and Chinese herbs can sometimes work too – just be sure to work with a veterinarian who is knowledgeable in the use of Chinese herbs before trying any on your dog.

Even if the trypanosomes are completely destroyed, the heart may continue to worsen due to the damage and inflammation that has occurred and the dog may end up with cardiomyopathy.

It’s true that Chagas disease is serious, but to date, most of the US, as well as Canada, are free of the disease. This may change in the future, but for now, if you happen to live in an affected state, the best thing you can do is be aware of Chagas disease and its symptoms in both dogs and humans, and take steps to help prevent infection (see sidebar on page 33). And as always, be sure to maintain a healthy lifestyle for both of you!

ADVERTORIAL Lucky is a rescue pup who has been with Kim for nine years.

JOINT CARE – SCIENCE VS. MARKETING

By Kim Vanderlinden, ND, DTCM

Joint issues can completely rob your dog or cat of his quality of life and in severe cases even shorten his time with you. Supplements can play a big part in helping you overcome these challenges.

Our animals depend on us to keep them healthy and safe, and can’t tell us whether something is working or not.

They need us to rely on science, and not marketing jargon, to be sure of a supplement’s effectiveness.

WHERE DOES JOINT TROUBLE COME FROM? Joint issues can arise from age, injuries or genetics. You will start to notice that your animal doesn’t get up as easily in the morning, or stops playing ball a little sooner because he just can’t run as much anymore.

View a short video of Dr. Sharon Forster-Blouin, in which she discusses her experience with Active Again. Note that she also uses similar cetylated oils for oral care in her patients: youtube. com/watch?v=lhEY9SJPBE&app=desktop.

SCIENCE VS. MARKETING It can be very difficult to wade through the marketing to find the truth about supplements. All too often, we hear or read the phrase “contains clinically proven ingredients”. Unfortunately, when you think about the meaning of this phrase, it often implies that the actual product has not been tested, although it is only natural to assume that “clinically proven” means it has been shown to work. Glucosamine, for example, has been proven safe, but not proven effective.

glucosamine, chondroitin, a combination of the two, or a placebo. All treatments were found to have the same effect – none whatsoever.

CETYLATED OILS

Glucosamine was originally developed as a supplement for joint care because it is naturally found in the joint; the cartilage within joints is made of glucosamine and chondroitin. It was believed that increasing an animal’s intake of glucosamine would make up for any wear and tear that was causing pain in the first place.

A supplement backed by award-winning clinical research is Active Again, a joint care product made of unique cetylated oils Patient discomfort and joint function were shown to improve substantially in multiple clinical trials involving this supplement. With Active Again, outstanding science forms the basis for real hope that your dog or cat can once more enjoy life to the fullest.

WHERE GLUCOSAMINE FAILS

i

Glucosamine has long been at the center of joint care discussions. A study published by the British Medical Journal questioned and disproved the effectiveness of glucosamine as a supplement for joint pain.i The study consisted of ten trials with 3,803 patients. Groups were given either

“Effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, or placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of hip or knee: network metaanalysis,” BMJ 2010; 341 bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c4675

Dr. Kim Vanderlinden almost drowned when he was six – then his uncle's black Lab jumped in, grabbed him and swam him to shore.

He's grateful to be giving back by providing to animals formulas he developed for people. Dr. Vanderlinden has degrees in both Naturopathic and Chinese medicine, and wrote a book on IP6 for cancer, bone density and sugar metabolism – for a free electronic copy, visit drkimv@hopescience.com.

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TAKE A

BITE

By Dr. Suzi Beber, Honouris Causa

OUT OF YOUR DOG’S FOOD ALLERGIES WITH AN ELIMINATION DIET

If your dog is itching, scratching and has GI symptoms such as diarrhea, he may have a food allergy. An elimination diet is one of the best ways to get to the root of the problem.

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W

hen it comes to food allergies in our dogs, “no corn, no soy, no wheat, no yeast” is still the mantra that floats around in my head each time an email or text pops into my inbox. These four are still considered a few of the top food allergens in dogs, though truth be told, we could add to the list any and all foods our dogs eat. For example, while lamb and rice was once considered the hypoallergenic diet of choice, this is no longer the case. One excellent way of getting to the root of your dog’s allergies is with an elimination diet. It’s a challenging approach, but the results are well worth the effort.

other than those you have designated as “safe”. The slate has to be wiped clean.

THE ELIMINATION DIET – CHALLENGING BUT WORTH IT

This means you have to stop your current feeding program, including all those tasty tidbits from your dinner; supplements, including vitamins and minerals that may contain fillers that could cause an allergic reaction; all treats (no sneaking); and anything else that could be considered a food item, such as trachea chews and bully sticks. Even conventional medications need to be considered in your elimination plan. (Be sure to work with your veterinarian for guidance and advice.) You may feel you are taking on a monumental project, but the hard work is worth it when you realize you are helping your dog to a happier and healthier life.

Your ultimate goal is to determine the specific food/s that are causing problems for your dog, and an elimination diet is one way you can approach the issue. Starting an elimination diet can be daunting and requires a lot of commitment and patience. Every single person that comes into contact with your dog becomes part of the “experience”. Family members, visitors, and even your postman, if he happens to carry treats, have to be told that your dog is not to be given any food item

Once you have made the decision to try an elimination diet, it is essential to stick to it for eight to 12 weeks. From this day forward, your dog becomes the subject of the next Netflix Original, because it is crucial to write down a script for everything you need to do, and everything happening right now, that could have a potential impact on your dog – from the daily weather report, to the areas you walk your dog, to the

TURMERIC CAN HELP WITH

ALLERGIES

Turmeric belongs to the ginger family. It contains curcurmin, a compound that acts as a decongestant. It also acts as an antihistamine, which can help in the reduction of mast cell de-granulation and histamine release. Turmeric also has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial properties.

More does not mean better! Too much turmeric can result in gastrointestinal upset.

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Buffalo is an excellent protein choice for dogs that have allergies encompassing both skin-related issues and gastrointestinal problems. It is heart-healthy because it’s low in fat and cholesterol. Buffalo is a good source of vitamins B6 and B12, copper, iron, niacin, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, selenium and zinc, and also contains conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), recognized as a cancer preventive.

Kangaroo is another great source of novel high quality protein. It is a valuable source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamins B6 and B12, riboflavin, niacin, iron and zinc.

Kangaroo also has heart-healthy long chain Omega-3 fatty acids and, like buffalo, contains the antioxidant CLA.

soaps you use, and so on. In other words, anything and everything. Pictures can be helpful too.

SO WHAT CAN I FEED MY DOG? Remember, an elimination diet means just that. The question is, what should you feed your dog now that you are bringing to a halt everything that was part of her regular feeding program? There are lots of things to consider, and a few special rules to follow, but there are many resources to turn to along with your veterinarian, to help guide and support you through the process of designing an elimination diet for your dog.

Tried and true elimination diet plans that are easy to follow can be found in Dr. Richard Pitcairn’s Complete Guide to Natural Health for Dogs and Cats, Dr. Donald Strombeck’s Home-Prepared Dog and Cat Diets: The Healthful Alternative, Dr. Martin Goldstein’s The Nature of Animal Healing, Dr. Shawn Messonnier’s The Allergy Solution for Dogs, Dr. Jean Dodds’ and Dr. Diana Laverdure’s Canine Nutrigenomics: The New Science of Feeding Your Dog for Optimum Health, and new on the shelves, Dr. Deva Khalsa’s The Allergic Pet: Holistic Solutions to End the Allergy Epidemic in our Dogs and Cats.

Basically, you have the job of selecting one protein source and one carbohydrate source that your dog has never been exposed to before. To do this, you will need to read every label on everything your dog has eaten, or may have eaten, and make a list in your journal so you can develop the script you want to follow. This gives you a place to begin.

NOVEL PROTEINS AND CARBOHYDRATES Novel protein sources could include buffalo, duck, elk, emu, kangaroo, ostrich, rabbit and venison, though some of these are not so “novel” anymore.

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Ostrich is another novel protein to try. An interesting fact from the Canadian Ostrich Association is that ostrich has an ideal pH balance, so the meat does not attract bacteria such as E-coli and salmonella.

Novel carbohydrate sources could include anything from amaranth, buckwheat and sorghum to quinoa, teff and montina, as well as sweet potatoes, yams and butternut squash.

CAREFULLY MONITOR YOUR DOG’S PROGRESS If you’re lucky, your dog’s problems will begin to improve in a few weeks. As a result, you can be fairly certain there was something in her old diet that triggered her allergies. If fairly certain isn’t good enough for you, return to the beginning of your script and reintroduce the original feeding program.

If symptoms reappear within seven to 14 days, you have confirmation of a food allergy. If you don’t want to be that adventurous, new foods can be added one at a time once your dog is doing well on the elimination diet, and you can then carefully monitor her for any adverse reactions. Don’t forget to write everything down as you move through the process.

When the time comes to reconsider adding supplements back into to your dog’s diet, take a look at whole fish body oil, evening primrose oil and borage oil – essential fatty acids that are known to have a positive impact on allergies. Consider adding some canned wild salmon or sardines, packed in water. If fish oils are a problem, there are great alternatives like hemp and chia.

An elimination diet takes a lot of commitment and patience, but by sticking with it, you’re taking big steps to ensuring a healthy happy dog who’s ready to take on the world with you by her side.

See recipes on page 40.

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Recipes Novel protein stir fry

Kale kocktail or kale krunch

Elimination diet treat recipe

Ingredients 1 pound ground protein of choice, e.g. elk, kangaroo, buffalo, ostrich

Ingredients 1 bunch kale

Ingredients 2 cups novel protein, e.g. elk, kangaroo, ostrich

3 tablespoons first pressed/extra virgin olive oil ½ teaspoon sea salt ½ teaspoon turmeric or turmeric paste, made with ground turmeric root Instructions Choose organic ingredients whenever possible. Put olive oil in pan and turn heat to medium high.

Add ground protein. Gently mix with the olive oil, add spices, and continue to stir. As soon as bubbles appear, turn heat down to simmer, and continue to stir until there is no pink in the meat. Cool and serve.

Top with Kale Kocktail or serve alongside Kale Krunch. Note: this dish can also be served raw.

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1 tablespoon first pressed/extra virgin olive oil or hemp oil 1 teaspoon sea salt ½ teaspoon turmeric powder or turmeric paste made from turmeric root (if making kale cocktail) Instructions Kale kocktail: Choose organic ingredients whenever possible. Whirl all ingredients in a food processor or blender and use as a topper on raw or cooked “novel” protein.

Kale krunch: Preheat oven to 350°F. Line a cookie sheet with parchment paper for easy cleanup. Remove the leaves from the thick outer stems of the kale. Cut or tear the leaves into big bitesized pieces. Wash the leaves with filtered water, then dry them in a salad spinner or pat dry with a tea towel. Spread the kale pieces on the cookie sheet. Drizzle with oil and sprinkle with sea salt and turmeric. Bake for ten to 15 minutes, until the edges of the leaves are turning golden in color.

Remove from the oven, cool and serve. Store in an open container, so the chips don’t lose their “crunch.” This is a treat that the whole family can enjoy.

2½ cups organic whole flour (this could include paleo baking flour that is grain- and gluten-free) ¼ to ½ cup filtered water Instructions Preheat oven to 350°F. Cover a cookie sheet with parchment paper. Place the protein and water in a food processor or blender, and whirl until smooth. Begin with ¼ cup water, and add more as needed. Add flour a little at a time, until thoroughly blended.

Transfer dough to the cookie sheet.

Flatten with a fork or the back of a spoon until the dough goes to the edges of the cookie sheet.

Score with a sharp knife. Bake for 30 minutes, and then turn the oven down to 275°F. Bake for 1½ hours. Turn oven off and allow the biscuits to cool completely before storing them in an open contain or in the fridge. Biscuits should have a good crunch, and can be easily dehydrated too.

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ACTIVITY TRACKERS for dogs

TRENDING NOW

Photo courtesy of Whistle

By Emily Watson

IS YOUR DOG “GETTING HER STEPS IN”? FIND OUT BY INVESTING IN A CANINE ACTIVITY TRACKER!

Activity trackers have taken the world by storm. Almost everywhere you look, someone is wearing one proudly on their wrist as a way to keep track of steps, heart rate, and sleep quality. Now, not surprisingly given their popularity, these electronic devices have edged their way into the canine companion market.

HOW ACTIVITY TRACKERS WORK Also known as fitness trackers, activity trackers for dogs are designed in a similar way to the human versions.

They track your dog’s movement and vital signs using small sensors, and store the information for you (and your veterinarian) to review. While different

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brands have different capabilities, there are a number of things these devices can track, including: Activity • Sleep quality • Pulse • Respiration • Temperature • Distance traveled • Location • Calories burned and consumed • Overall health • Behavior •

Once information has been received by your dog’s activity tracker, it’s stored

internally to be downloaded, or sent via Bluetooth technology, to your smartphone or computer. Some products even have cloud storage capabilities, so you can hold onto your pup’s health history for as long as you need.

Two primary versions of canine activity trackers are currently available – devices that are built into a collar, and those that clip onto a dog’s existing collar. At the end of the day, the style you choose comes down to personal needs and preferences.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS? Obesity is a common problem in dogs. In fact, according to the Association for Pet

“We jokingly refer to activity monitors as ‘inactivity monitors’, says veterinarian Dr. Ernie Ward, Founder and President of APOP. “They’re a wonderful way to prove to people that their dogs aren’t getting nearly enough exercise.” Dr. Ward refers to a phenomenon he calls the “myth of the backyard”. Most people assume that their dogs, when turned out into the yard on their own, will run and play. Many years ago, as a way to debunk this myth, Dr. Ward encouraged people to videotape their dogs in the yard. More often than not, the dogs would run the perimeter once, then immediately find a spot to lie down.

Activity trackers are a more modern version of the video camera in this situation. They’re an invaluable awareness tool that encourages people to face the facts about their dogs’ health, and start them on an appropriate exercise program. “This daily check-in is the first step to changing behavior,” says Dr. Ward. “When you can look at data, such as how much your dog is eating and how active he is, you can be proactive about preventing or reversing obesity.”

SPECIAL FEATURES Let’s take a look at the special features some canine activity trackers offer (spoiler alert: they’re really helpful).

Photo courtesy of PetPace

Obesity Prevention (APOP), over half of all dogs in the US are overweight or obese – and the number is gradually creeping up. Diet is certainly a factor, but another primary contributor is lack of exercise.

Just as activity trackers help humans get in shape, they can encourage dog parents to walk their canine companions more.

Continued on page 44.

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Photos courtesy of FitBark

Activity trackers with GPS technology allow dog parents to easily find their canine companions if they get lost.

Continued from page 43.

Goal setting functions – Ready to be proactive about your pup’s health and wellbeing? Many canine activity trackers are connected to an app that allows you to set lifestyle goals for him. Set your dog up for success by inputting his ideal weight, then help him take the right steps to get there.

Space for notes – If your dog’s activity tracker has an app, you can also use it to set reminders for yourself, or to leave messages for his caretaker. Does he have a vet appointment next Wednesday?

Schedule it in! Need help remembering his target weight? Make a note of it!

Health comparisons – Certain activity trackers allow you to compare your dog’s health and activity level with other dogs, so you can determine how he measures up to others of his breed. This function offers a great way to understand your dog’s habits and behaviors, and figure out whether or not genetics might be the cause.

Feature for tracking lost dogs – Activity trackers with GPS technology allow

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dog parents to easily find their canine companions if they get lost. You’ll be extremely grateful for this feature if Fido ever goes missing.

Emergency alerts – If you’re worried about your dog’s health and well-being while you’re away, look for an activity tracker that can be programmed to send alerts directly to your phone. If his temperature is too high or low, his heart rate is abnormal, or anything else seems amiss, you’ll know immediately.

Waterproof design – Dogs will be dogs! If your four-legged friend spends a lot of time exploring the great outdoors with you, a waterproof activity tracker is a must. It might not be able to withstand prolonged time underwater, but a little rain and mud shouldn’t affect it.

Whether you’re into high-tech gadgets or not, there’s no denying the benefits of canine activity trackers. They might be small, but their impact is enormous!

WHAT PRODUCT SHOULD I BUY? A number of activity trackers are available. So how is a dog parent to choose? At the end of the day, it depends entirely on your needs – and your budget. “I always recommend that people get the most affordable product that meets their basic needs,” says Dr. Ward.

“Don’t overspend. If you find you outgrow the features, you can upgrade.”

A few noteworthy brands: FitBark (fitbark.com) PetPace (petpace.com) Tractive (tractive.com) Whistle (whistle.com)

WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON

HEALTH ISSUES

in dogs

To better understand the costs associated with pet health care, Embrace Pet Insurance (embracepetinsurace.com) has released data on the top five dog diagnoses among the more than 200,000 claims filed in 2018.

Take a look:

Medical condition

Average cost of care

Signs and symptoms

Intestinal issues (8,600)

$790

Vomiting, diarrhea, not eating or drinking, excessive drooling, foaming at the mouth

Allergies (7,400)

$390

Itching/scabbing, watery eyes, sneezing/wheezing, paw chewing, licking, vomiting, or diarrhea

$290

Scratching or rubbing the ear, warm ears (hot to the touch), discharge/odor coming from the ear, redness and/or swelling, hair loss around the ear, or head shaking/loss of balance

$620

Inability to properly use one or more limbs, subtle pain or tenderness, inability to place weight on a limb

Ear infections (4,880)

Lameness (4,550)

Cranial cruciate ligament tear (3,230)

$4,160

?

Sudden pain in legs/whimpering/ limping, lameness in the hind legs, swelling, stiffness and abnormal sitting positions, difficulty getting up, or decreased activity levels

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VET Q&A

D gs Cats

DOES YOUR ANIMAL NEED

allergy testing?

By Shawn Messonnier, DVM

MOST ALLERGIC DOGS AND CATS RESPOND WELL TO A HOLISTIC OR INTEGRATIVE TREATMENT APPROACH, BUT SOME DON’T. IN THESE CASES, ALLERGY TESTING AND HYPOSENSITIZATION MAY BE THE ANSWER.

Q.

My dog has allergies and keeps itching and scratching even though I’ve tried a variety of both conventional and holistic treatments.

What’s the next step to getting to the root of his problem?

A.

Allergic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disorders in dogs and cats. At my practice in Texas, I see tons of cases every year. This means it’s important to be able to properly diagnose and treat animals with allergies.

In this article, I’ll discuss the various treatment options – and when to consider allergy testing.

DIAGNOSING ALLERGIES Diagnosis usually involves taking a good history and ruling out other diseases

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that resemble allergies, such as mange, ringworm and various infections.

Testing can include: • Skin cytology and culture • Fungal culture for ringworm • Skin scrapings • Blood/urine testing • Skin biopsy (when needed) Because allergic skin is abnormal, dogs and cats with allergies often have chronic skin or ear infections. Until the true cause of the chronic infections is diagnosed, treating with antibiotics or antifungals will not give long-lasting results.

TREATMENT OPTIONS – CONVENTIONAL AND HOLISTIC Conventional medications for allergies include corticosteroids, antihistamines,

and newer immune-modulating treatments like Atopica, Apoquel and Cytpoint. Antihistamines rarely work, so I don’t typically use them.

The newer immune-modulating therapies can be helpful, but they are expensive, and I worry about side effects as these are strong medications.

Steroids can be used safely in a holistic treatment program when utilized with various natural medicines, and given infrequently at low doses.

Since my practice is holistic and focuses on functional medicine, I rarely find drugs are necessary to help my itchy patients. However, some animals are so itchy at the first appointment that judicious steroid use is needed to make them more comfortable and prevent self-

mutilation while my natural regimen is taking effect.

my two favorite products for allergic dogs and cats.

The holistic/functional medicine approach appreciates the uniqueness of each individual. The treatments I use are not the only options, but are a good starting point.

Finally, antioxidants (I like Advance Antioxidants), probiotics and Omega-3 fatty acids reduce cell damage caused by antigen-allergen interactions.

Regular bathing is really important to remove allergens from the skin.

Using an organic shampoo specifically designed for daily use cleanses the skin without damaging it and reduces itching and infections.

Herbal therapies act as “natural steroids”, support the immune system and are very beneficial. In my practice, they have reduced or eliminated the need for steroids in most patients. Xiao Allergy Support and Herbal Relief are

ALLERGY TESTING/ HYPOSENSITIZATION In my practice, I usually try several treatments before we consider allergy testing. Because the treatments I use are very successful in helping allergic pets, I rarely need to do allergy testing.

However, if the natural approach doesn’t give us ideal results, allergy testing and treatment with diluted allergens can be helpful in up to 70% of dogs and cats. It’s important to realize that some animals can take one year or longer to respond, so continuing treatment with natural therapies is important. I actually continue using herbs and supplements even when hyposensitization works, because they improve cellular health and function.

Allergy testing can be done with skin testing at a dermatology office (the gold standard) or via blood IgE testing done by your veterinarian (this option is easier, possibly less expensive and

Allergy testing can be done with skin testing at a dermatology office, or via blood IgE testing done by your veterinarian.

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WHAT EXACTLY ARE

“ALLERGIES”?

While many people think food is the most common cause of animal allergies, the reality is that most allergic dogs and cats are overreacting to environmental substances. These can include various pollens from grasses, shrubs and trees, as well as mold, dust mites and fleas.

However, some “allergic” pets will show improvement when their diet is changed or improved, which can involve switching to a “grain-free” food, or a raw or homemade diet.

In the majority of allergic pets, the most common clinical sign is itching. This can manifest as rubbing, scratching, or excessive licking and biting. The itching is typically focused towards the face, feet, armpits and groin, although itching anywhere on the body could be related to allergies. Severe itching, especially towards the face and head, can be a sign of food allergies, especially if the animal also has gastrointestinal signs (vomiting or diarrhea) or doesn’t respond to steroid treatment.

Since allergies are by definition an inherited disease in which the body makes antibodies to environmental allergens, it is not considered curable, although I have had some success curing animals using functional medicine principles (for more about functional medicine, see my article in AW V20I1)

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quick). The goal of testing is twofold – to confirm the dog or cat really has allergies, and allow preparation of the specific allergens to be used in treatment (hyposensitization). The goal of hyposensitization (immunotherapy) is to induce tolerance to environmental (non-food) allergens, which reduces the clinical signs of allergic dermatitis.

Treatment can involve either injections (“allergy shots”, the older or traditional way) or oral (sublingual) drops.

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT or “allergy drops”) is a treatment that’s more favored in Europe than in North America. As with injections, SLIT has been used in humans for over 50 years; a growing body of evidence and research supports the utilization of SLIT for human allergies, and the World Allergy Organization endorses its use.

One big advantage of sublingual immunotherapy is ease of administration. While some people don’t mind giving injections to their dogs or cats, most are delighted to be given an alternative to shots. Most animals accept oral drops/sprays easily.

However, many dermatologists believe that successful SLIT requires faithful twice-daily administration, and because of this, some people may find it much more convenient to give their animals an infrequent injection instead.

In both people and pets, anaphylactic reactions to SLIT are rare to nonexistent.

SLIT can also be used in patients with a prior history of reaction to allergy shots. Additionally, with some SLIT formulations, you can include mold extracts with pollens in the same vial without losing the efficacy of non-mold allergens. SLIT treatment bottles can be stored at room temperature for a shelf life of six months; refrigeration may not be necessary as it is with shots.

Why does this oral therapy work?

The mucosa under the tongue is a privileged immunologic site with unique characteristics that allow the uptake of antigens while preventing invasion by pathogens.

In conclusion, skin allergies are very prevalent in dogs and cats. Diagnosis is usually easy, but other diseases such as mange, infections and thyroid disease can present as allergies or complicate the disease. Frequent bathing is important, as are properly chosen herbs, supplements and homeopathics to minimize the need for strong medications. Allergy testing and hyposensitization are helpful for many dogs and cats, and are particularly useful when other therapies have not produced the desired response.

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NATURAL REMEDIES Ashwaganda

NiX

D gs Cats

your animal’s allergies with

adaptogens & alteratives

By Laurie Dohmen, VMD, MS

Keep your allergic dog or cat itch-free with adaptogens and alteratives, two groups of herbs with specific healing properties.

Allergies are hard on your dog or cat’s immune system. That’s because allergies are a chronic disease, which means his immune system never gets a break.

Because I am primarily an herbalist, I prevent allergies in my animal patients by using herbs to support the immune system. My two favourite classes of herbs for immune support and allergy prevention are adaptogens and alteratives.

1. ADAPTOGENS Adaptogenic herbs are safe for long-term use, increase resistance to allergens,

Siberian Ginseng

and work whether the animal is immunocompromised or overstimulated, as in the case of allergies. Here are three of my favorite adaptogens.

It is known as a preventive rather than a curative herb. It helps prevent the symptoms and secondary infections often associated with allergies.

• Siberian ginseng (also known as Eleuthero, Eleuterococcus senticosus) is known for its ability to increase resistance to all stressors. One of the many ways it does this is by supporting and enhancing the immune system. There are many studies in which Siberian ginseng prevented people from getting common diseases.

• Ashwaganda (Withania somnifera) is another good adaptogen. It is immune-modulating, restorative for chronic illnesses such as allergies, and a tonic for the adrenals. It is especially indicated for the geriatric population, who have a harder time mounting an immune response under the best of circumstances.

SPECIFIC DERMA Along with adaptogens and alteratives are specific herbs for dermatologic conditions, which is how most allergies in dogs and cats manifest.

Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) is known as an antimicrobial herb, but it does so much more. It is an immune stimulant (this is how it fights microbes), but it can also fight allergens this way. It is also an anti-inflammatory and a mild detoxifier. Chevallier states that “Echinacea is one of the world’s most

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important medicinal herbs. Research shows that it has the ability to raise the body’s resistance… by stimulating the immune system. Echinacea… helps to relieve skin allergies, and it has been used for centuries to clear skin infections.” Unlike adaptogens and alteratives, Echinacea is not good for long-term use. There is debate about its safety long-term, but there is no debate that it loses its efficacy over time, and should therefore be pulsed (two weeks on, two weeks off).

Astragalus

•A stragalus (Astragalus membranaceous) is similar to ashwaganda, but for the young instead of the old. It increases energy and resistance to disease, and strengthens and stimulates the immune system. Unlike Siberian ginseng, which is more preventive, astragalus can both prevent and treat infections, so it is a great adaptogen for animals whose allergies have progressed to dermatitis or otitis.

2. ALTERATIVES Another class of herbs I find very beneficial for allergies are alteratives (not to be confused with the word “alternatives”). They’re blood cleansers.

According to Rosemary Gladstar in The Science and Art of Herbalism: A HomeStudy Course, alteratives are “agents that gradually and favorably alter the condition of the blood. They aid the body in assimilating nutrients and eliminating metabolic waste products.”

Since toxins are primarily cleared from

TOLOGY HERBS Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is another herb that cannot be used long-term, due to its adrenal effects. However, it is anti-inflammatory and soothing, as well as being healing and detoxifying to the liver. Its adrenal effects make licorice good for allergies: it is nature’s hydrocortisone. The adrenal support also helps the body deal with the stress the allergens put on the entire system. In one study (“The treatment of atopic dermatitis with licorice gel” by M. Saeedi, K. MortezaSemnani and M. Ghoreishi, published in a 2003 issue of the Journal of Dermatological Treatment), “the results showed that

licorice extract could be considered as an effective agent for treatment of atopic dermatitis.”

Oregon grape root (Mahonia aquifolium), native to the Pacific Northwest, is specific to chronic skin conditions. It is also an alterative, a stimulant and a tonic to the liver and gallbladder.

Despite its berberine content, Oregon grape root is considered a very safe herb. Veterinarians Dr. Susan Wynn and Dr. Barbara Fougere recommend it for both skin and ear infections.

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Cleavers

Not only is burdock an alterative, but it’s also a food herb, so it is nourishing, cleansing, and supports the liver and kidneys.

Burdock

the blood in the liver and kidneys, more alteratives have liver or kidney effects.

• Burdock (Arctium lappa) is an herb I put in almost every formula I make.

Not only is it an alterative, but it’s also a food herb (gobo), so it is nourishing, cleansing, and supports the liver and kidneys. According to Andrew Chevallier in The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants, “Burdock is one of the foremost detoxifying herbs… used to treat conditions caused by an ‘overload’ of toxins, such as…chronic skin problems.”

•D andelion (Taraxacum officinale) is also excellent for flushing the liver and kidneys. The root is thought to be more cleansing to the liver, while the leaves are considered more diuretic.

The concern with allopathic diuretics is potassium loss, but nature provided plenty of potassium in dandelion

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Dandelion

leaves. Rosemary Gladstar’s Family Herbal states that dandelion is “one of the great tonic herbs of all time”.

•N ettle (Urtica dioica) is one of my favorite herbs ever. It’s good for treating allergies. David Hoffman states in Medical Herbalism that nettle “strengthens and supports the whole body. Throughout Europe, nettle is used as a spring tonic and general detoxifying remedy.” Both my cats and dogs love “nettle eggs”, always some variation of an omelette with nettles, mushrooms, garlic and cheese.

•C leavers (Galium aparine) is another alterative not to be forgotten. It’s diuretic and lymphatic, so it helps to clear allergens and other toxins out of the lymphatic system. Unlike many herbs, which can be dried and have their medicinal properties extracted by water, alcohol or some other menstruum, cleavers are usually used as a fresh juice and can be eaten as a green.

Whenever allergies flare, I use nutrition (whole foods are vitally important to good health), supplements and herbs to keep the animal comfortable and healthy until the allergen has waned in the environment.

I use a combination of adaptogens, alteratives and dermatologic herbs (see sidebar on pages 50 and 51) tailored to the individual patient. One dog named Riley loved his combination so much that he sat and begged for it! As I have found with Riley and many other animals, good herbal treatment and whole foods can boost immunity and help completely resolve environmental allergies.

Nettle

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SHOULD YOU

?

SPAY OR NEUTER YOUR DOG – OR NOT

By Linda Brent, PhD, MBA, and Michelle Kutzler, DVM, PhD, DACT

Standard spay and neuter surgery can have negative impacts on a dog’s health. So what are some alternative options?

In the US and Canada, broad scale sterilization has long been promoted as the best way to decrease dog overpopulation and euthanasia rates at shelters. This practice has become standard, with shelter dogs being sterilized before adoption, and most people spaying or neutering their dogs even if not adopted from a shelter. The decrease in the number of dogs entering shelters (currently six to eight million, down from 13 million in 1973), along with the resulting decrease in euthanasia rates, are cited as successful outcomes of spay/neuter programs.

However, removing a dog’s reproductive organs can have adverse effects as well as benefits. This article looks at some alternatives to spay and neuter surgery.

PROS AND CONS OF GONADECTOMY Sterilization involves removing the dog’s reproductive organs. These procedures eliminate the hormones produced by these organs.

While gonadectomy makes it impossible for the animal to reproduce, what other impacts does a lack of sex hormones have? Research first evaluated the difference between early and later gonadectomy, usually supporting the early sterilization practice of sheltered animals. More recently, the research has broadened to compare large numbers of gonadectomized dogs with intact dogs.

This area of study is relatively new, but it indicates that gonadectomy confers a mixture of benefits and adverse effects, depending on age, breed and sex.

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Pros: Eliminating sex hormones reduces mammary, ovarian and testicular cancers, prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic cysts and squamous metaplasia of the prostate. These dogs also experience a lower incidence of infectious disease.

Cons: Gonadectomized dogs have a higher incidence of many conditions, including obesity, urinary incontinence and calculi, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hypoadrenocorticism, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, inflammatory bowel disease, hip dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament rupture, aggressive and fearful behavior, cognitive dysfunction syndrome, prostate adenocarcinoma and transitional cell adenocarcinoma. Musculoskeletal issues may be especially significant for large breed dogs gonadectomized before they have finished growing, because bone physeal closure is delayed.

A significant contributor to the negative health impacts of gonadectomy is that the dog’s natural hormone feedback mechanisms become unregulated. Normally, the pituitary gland releases luteinizing hormone (LH), which then stimulates the production of steroid hormones from the gonads. Without the gonads, there is no feedback signal to reduce production, so LH concentrations remain very high for the remainder of the dog’s life. Receptors for LH are present in the urinary tract, skin, thyroid, blood vessels, ligaments, bone, synovium, immune cells and brain, thereby predisposing gonadectomized dogs to developing the health problems listed above.

?

ALTERNATIVES TO TRADITIONAL SPAY/NEUTER 1. Responsible dog care While gonadectomy is viewed as the standard in the US, it is relatively uncommon in other regions of the world. In Norway and Sweden, for example, there are virtually no stray dogs and neutering is very uncommon, usually only allowable due to health concerns.

To avoid unwanted pregnancies, people with intact dogs must take special precautions. Females go into heat for a few days once or twice a year and need to be confined in an area without access to intact males. Male dogs should not be allowed to roam freely, as they are incredibly persistent in reaching a female in heat.

Other issues to consider include females bleeding while in heat; behavior changes that may be triggered by changing hormones; the logistics of having both male and female intact dogs in the same house; and health monitoring for diseases of the reproductive organs. Responsible dog owners are expected to manage these issues.

2. Hormone-sparing sterilization Not everyone is prepared to keep their dogs intact while guaranteeing no unwanted pregnancies will occur. Luckily, there

AN ETHICAL dilemma

Questioning whether gonadectomy is really in the best interests of the dog has raised the hackles of many veterinarians and organizations who work hard sterilizing dogs to reduce overpopulation. Research results have been hotly debated, with many arguing that differences in the long-term health of gonadectomized dogs are negligible, and others arguing that these differences are serious enough to reconsider the wisdom of widespread spay/neuter programs.

The issue represents a common ethical dilemma – is the welfare of the population more important than that of the individual? Is the positive impact of gonadectomy on reducing dog overpopulation more important than the possible negative impact on an individual dog’s long-term health?

Stepping back from the debate, it is not surprising that the loss of natural gonadal hormones has significant health implications for the dog. Ask your vet to discuss the pros and cons of gonadectomy when decisions about sterilization are made.

This doesn't require locking into adversarial positions or giving up spay/neuter. Fortunately, there are a number of alternative methodologies to consider, which include sterilizing dogs while maintaining hormone levels. The next step is to evaluate the different options, and determine the best option for the individual dog and situation.

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A NOTE ON

behavior

Gonadal hormones can have behavioral effects, and hormone-sparing options are appealing to those who do not want changes in their dogs’ behavior. On the other hand, many express the concern that leaving dogs with natural hormone levels will produce undesirable behaviors. This sentiment is common in animal welfare and rescue/shelter communities, with the rationale that dogs may display more intermale aggression, urine marking, mounting and roaming, which may result in people abandoning or returning their dogs.

We are beginning to understand that behavior is under the influence of a number of psychological and physical stimuli, and that no simple straight-line relationship exists between hormones and undesirable behaviors. For example, eliminating testosterone may not make a dog less aggressive. In fact, a recent large survey reported that gonadectomized dogs did not differ from intact dogs in terms of aggression directed toward familiar people or animals, and they actually showed higher levels of aggression toward strangers. Dog aggression is a main reason for relinquishment to shelters and neutered males were more often surrendered for such behavioral reasons.

Gonadectomized dogs may also develop more anxiety and fear, and show more cognitive decline than intact dogs.

The dog’s age, breed, personality and environment will impact his/her behavior.

When choosing a hormone-sparing method, if a dog evidences behavioral issues later, traditional spay or neuter can then be considered. Castration of adult male dogs may decrease reproductiverelated behaviors (urine marking, mounting and roaming) but impacts on other behaviors are variable.

are options to ensure a dog is incapable of reproducing, while keeping his/her natural gonadal hormones to protect health.

Females: A hormone-sparing option that sterilizes a female dog involves conducting a hysterectomy (also called ovary-sparing spay or partial spay) by removing the uterus and leaving the ovaries intact.

After the procedure, the female dog is sterile and bleeding is eliminated. The female will still go into heat due to the influence of hormones produced by her ovaries, possibly showing behavioral changes around this time.

Ovarian cancer is often cited as an argument for removing ovaries but this cancer is rare, and the small risk does not outweigh the health benefits of preserving hormones. However, the dog should be monitored for mammary tumors after middle age. You can do this when you rub your dog’s tummy. These tumors are usually benign but should be removed promptly.

Males: A vasectomy sterilizes while sparing testosterone. The procedure involves severing or ligating the vas deferens, the duct that transports sperm. The procedure is quick and less invasive than castration.

Leaving the testicles and hormones intact does mean that testicular cancer, perianal gland tumors, and enlarged prostate may occur – but if they arise later in life, they are typically treated via castration. In such a case, the dog’s health still benefitted from years of natural hormones prior to castration. Also, prostate enlargement can be treated non-invasively with finasteride or by using pulsed electromagnetic therapy. Hormones will also influence the male dog’s behavior and interest in females in heat (see sidebar at left).

MOVING FORWARD As our understanding grows around the long-term health consequences of gonadectomy in dogs, the demand for alternative options increases.

Unfortunately, the supply of practitioners experienced in alternatives has not met the demand. In most veterinary schools in the US, students are not taught how to do hysterectomy or vasectomy, and the number of veterinarians offering these options is small.

However, Parsemus Foundation is doing its part to encourage education, dialog and communication with dog owners and practitioners. Their website ((parsemus.org) offers information on hormone-sparing options, including extensive online training material for veterinarians on ovary-sparing spay. They also maintain a list of veterinarians who offer alternatives to traditional spay/neuter. Parsemus Foundation envisions a win-win future, when veterinarians offering choices are sought out by those who want the most appropriate methods of sterilization for their dogs.

Acknowledgements The authors thank Elaine Lissner, founder and trustee of Parsemus Foundation, for her review of an earlier version of this article, and advocacy for innovative and alternative methods of pet sterilization.

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Coastal K9 Rescue Society Rescue code: CK9

Photos courtesy of Coastal K9 Rescue Society

TO THE RESCUE

Clockwise from left: Alice's new family took her in despite her health issues, and today she's happier than ever!; Coastal K9 volunteers are always eager to help out at fundraising events, especially when it means finding homes for sweet dogs like Sophie (top right)!

LOCATION: St. Andrews, Nova Scotia YEAR ESTABLISHED: 2016 NUMBER OF STAFF/VOLUNTEERS/FOSTER HOMES: “We have approximately 20 volunteers who are dedicated to fostering and/or volunteering on a regular basis,” says Raylene Dewan, founder and president of Coastal K9. “We also have several casual volunteers.”

TYPES OF ANIMAL THEY WORK WITH: Coastal K9 is an all-dog rescue society.

FUNDRAISING PROJECTS: “We hold a spa day at a local pet store where we offer baths and nail trims, and attend a winter market with our adoptable dogs,” says Raylene. “Santa pictures are also a favorite. We hope to host more events in the near future.”

FAVORITE RESCUE STORY: “Coastal K9 pulled Alice from a gassing pound in Quebec,” says Raylene. This small spaniel was transported to Nova Scotia by a group of volunteers called Freedom Drivers. In order to deliver Alice safely to Coastal K9, several transfers had to be made, and many volunteer drivers took part in the process. According to Raylene, every single one of them adored Alice.

The little dog was a mess at first, and lived with Raylene for nine months before she was ready to be adopted. “During this time, Alice required several eye surgeries and she eventually lost an eye,” says Raylene. “The poor girl was itchy all the time, especially her ears, eyes and paws.” It was discovered that Alice suffers from “spaniel seborrhoea” – an inherited skin condition that causes the skin cells to multiply and shed at a fast rate. This causes severe irritation, and makes the inflicted dog very prone to infection.

Today, Alice is settled in a happy, loving home. “She was eventually adopted by a wonderful family with two older children and a twoyear-old girl,” Raylene says. “Alice loves this child like no other.

She follows the toddler around all day and even naps with her.

Alice is her number one protector.” To help with Alice’s skin issues, her new family switched her to a duck-based grain-free diet to reduce inflammation. They also use a topical salve to further ease her discomfort.

Recently, while her family was vacationing at Disney Land, Alice came back to stay with Raylene. The sweet rescue pup had a wonderful time running and playing with all her old four-legged friends, and reminded Raylene why they do what they do at Coastal K9 – to give homeless dogs a chance to experience a lifetime of love and joy!

Follow Coastal K9 on Facebook at facebook.com/coastalk9rescue/ Animal Wellness

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Product Picks

Eco-friendly cat toy It’s no secret that cats love playing with paper.

What’s even better is crinkled paper! Now take that crinkled paper, add a stimulating loop, a little motion to activate playtime, and you have the Flutter-ring! This cat toy is handmade from ecofriendly biodegradable paper and can be played with on its own or attached to a wand. deziroo. com/collections/cat-toys/products/flutter-ring

What we love: All products are made from ingredients sourced in the US.

Chew on this!

What we love:

Dogs crave variety in their diet as much as we do.

The Jones Select line of limited-ingredient all-natural dog treats from Jones Natural Chews offers exotic and organic protein options, unique nutritional blends, training treats and single-ingredient chicken and turkey meat slices (coming soon!), all made in the US. jonesnaturalchews.com/jones-select-healthyoptions-dog-treats/

What we love: The hemp used in these products is organically-grown and non-GMO.

Nix those stains

Quality hemp supplements Share hemp’s healing qualities with your best friend! Smart Hemp CBD products are all-natural, premium quality, hempderived supplements developed specifically for pets. They’re made in the US from zeroTHC hemp, and are veterinarian-formulated.

Receive free shipping by using code AWM-FS1.

MySmartHempCBD.com

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The ring allows your cat to “catch” the toy, which helps satisfy his natural hunting instincts!

Take care of tough carpet and upholstery stains with Green Gobbler’s Pet Mess Pet Stain Remover.

Using a powerful combination of enzymes and surfacants, it dives deep into fabric fibers for a complete degradation of animal urine, feces and other messes. It also neutralizes harsh smells, thanks to its odor-encapsulation technology. greengobbler.com

What we love: It’s non-toxic and safe to use around both pets and kids.

What we love: This necklace would make a great gift for Mother’s or Father’s Day!

What we love:

Only ten to 15 strands of pet hair are needed, and reports are comprehensive and easy to understand.

Doggone stylish Available in sterling silver, gold-plated, 14K white, yellow or rose gold with a diamond collar, the Monte necklace is perfect for every day. Layer it up with other favorite pieces, or wear it solo, for a look that is wildly stylish. Monte is inspired by a French bulldog but also resembles a Boston terrier or Frenchton. Prices start at $195. See more styles at carriecramer.com

Testing for food intolerances Does your dog or cat react to certain foods? Through a simple hair analysis, 5Strands Affordable Testing can test him for over 200 potential food intolerances, including proteins, grains, fruits, vegetables, harmful additives and 100+ environmental allergens. Once you know his food intolerances, you’re equipped to select the optimum nutrition plan for him. affordablepettest.com

What we love: Requires no hardware to install, and it’s easy to flip from the smooth to textured side.

Protect your doors from scratches Does your dog scratch the door when he wants in or out? Clawguard's patented door shield prevents damage to your door. It also features a smooth noise-free side and a textured side that makes a “zip-zip” sound when your dog scratches – this texture may deter your dog from scratching altogether. clawguard.com

What we love: Provides your dog with electrolytes – so important when the weather gets warmer!

Help for hydration Making sure your best friend stays hydrated is crucial.

New to the market, Spetacular is a tasty water enhancer that encourages your dog to drink while giving him a daily boost of vitamins, minerals and energy. Available in three yummy natural flavors – watermelon, blueberry and peanut butter. spetacular.com

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IN FOCUS

YEARS

OF DOGGY DAYCARE A look at how the dog daycare concept got started, and how it has evolved over the last three decades.

By Carissa D. Lamkahouan

Doggy daycare facilities can be a godsend for those whose busy lives don’t allow them to be with their canine companions as much as they’d like to. If you and your partner work, for example, a daycare gives you the consolation of knowing your dog is spending his days in a busy and stimulating environment where he can enjoy the company of people and other dogs, rather than lying around bored and lonely at home. Nowadays, nearly every community boasts at least one doggy daycare, but until just over 30 years ago, there was no such thing.

How and why did the dog daycare idea get started, and why has it become so popular over the last few decades?

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Joseph Sporn is credited as the inventor of dog daycare in the United States. Back in 1987, the vet tech and dog walker opened Yuppie Puppy in New York City, attracting the attention of scores of dog lovers along with media heavyweights such as The New York Times, 20/20 and CNN. After that, dog daycare facilities started popping up all over the continent; in fact, Joseph says he has observed the whole canine care industry expand and become more sophisticated after the advent of daycare.

“Before daycare existed, the pet industry was very different,” he explains.

“Back then, when dogs were boarded or had to stay overnight for a vet visit, they always stayed in cages, whereas nowadays that’s often not the case.

Also, there were no public dog parks or dog runs. That’s all changed since daycare became popular.”

Now, over three decades since the introduction of the concept, countless dog daycare centers operate throughout the US and Canada. According to the American Pet Products Association, more than nine million American dogs spend their days in daycare! And it’s no wonder, when you consider the benefits (see sidebar on page 62).

THE DOGGY DAYCARE SETTING AND HOW IT HAS EVOLVED In the past, many daycares were casual, informal places where dogs were taken for the day to be looked after by one or two people who may or may not have been trained in dog care. But in the three decades that daycares have been around, how the facilities are run, the expectations for canine behavior, as well as the slate of services offered to the doggy clientele, have all changed dramatically. Today’s dog daycare

Photo courtesy of Ruff Dog Daycare

THE BEGINNINGS OF DOG DAYCARE

Dog daycare settings provide lots of opportunity for fun and socialization.

facilities are a lot more sophisticated, and the owners and staff much more savvy about the social needs, wellbeing, safety and comfort of their canine charges.

CATERING TO THE NEEDS OF INDIVIDUAL DOGS To ensure the best outcome for the dogs, for example, veterinarian Dr. Lori Huag says that daycare employees must be trained to help skittish dogs adapt to the new environment. And indeed, daycare businesses nowadays train their employees to recognize dogs that may be having trouble adapting, and have also developed techniques to make the animals more comfortable.

Many employees are specifically trained in caring for anxious or nervous dogs, or can recommend specific training programs or a more specialized daycare if the dog in question would benefit from additional help.

Joseph says his employees take extra time with nervous dogs, greeting them warmly, making eye contact, touching their heads and ensuring the owners properly bid them goodbye. He cautions that females in heat, unfi xed dominant males or human-aggressive or dogaggressive canines won’t be accepted.

Emily Davis, a manager at Ruff Dog Daycare & Boarding in Nashville, Tennessee agrees that not all dogs may make the cut at their facility, in the interests of safety and well-being. “We are very honest with our clients if their dogs are struggling,” she says. “In those cases we’ll refer them out to training or to another type of daycare.”

She adds, however, that their facility is set up to accommodate the different needs of various dogs. “We separate our dogs by size and temperament,” she says. “We have three rooms labeled ‘Mellow’, ‘Average Joes’ and ‘Young and Fun’.”

Dr. Huag cautions that not all dogs will thrive in a daycare setting no matter how many accommodations are made or how skilled the staff. Joseph and Emily are both aware of this, and as a result, their daycare facilities will Animal Wellness

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THE BENEFITS OF DAYCARE FOR DOGS Joseph notes that the daycare setting is ideal for dogs, especially those who would otherwise spend long hours alone at home.

Daycare allows for plenty of safe play and natural interaction with other canines, thereby promoting a host of emotional, social and physical advantages.

Dr. Huag agrees, stressing that it’s not good for dogs to be left by themselves for hours every day. “They lack stimulation and can suffer from anxiety and stress,” she says.

“Most dogs like to hang out with their owners or other dogs.”

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not accept dogs that will be unhappy in daycare or who don’t get along well with other canines.

MENTAL STIMULATION, EXERCISE AND SOCIALIZATION Emily says that mental stimulation as well as physical exercise and socialization is a big part of the activities at Ruff Dog. Canine regulars at the facility engage daily in group sits, recall exercises and games of “follow the leader”. The pups are also trained not to bark, taught to stay in their designated rooms, and are rewarded with treats when they master a new skill or respond appropriately to daycare staff.

“We’re really big on working the dogs’ brains rather than just letting them run around all day,” she says. “We do group work, teach them new tricks and give them lots of mental stimulation.”

EXTRA PAMPERING A growing number of dog daycares have also incorporated extra services into their businesses over the years.

Nowadays, you can drop your dog off during the workday not only for play and socialization with his canine friends, but also for grooming, ear cleaning, teeth brushing, nail trimming and brushouts.

Some facilities also offer homelike boarding options so you have a familiar place to leave your dog if you’re going away for a weekend or even longer.

Emily states that these changes arise from how people view their dogs – as family members rather than just pets – and what they’ve come to expect from daycare.

“People definitely treat their dogs like their children, so they want the best daycare services for them,” she says.

“They are also way more educated about what dogs need.”

Despite the changes that Joseph has seen in the daycare industry since it started back in the mid-80s, he says he’s gratified to see that the basic premise has remained the same.

“Sure, you can take your dog to daycare and have him groomed or get his toes painted,” he says. “But the service itself has stayed pure in that we’re offering a safe space where dogs can run around, exercise and socialize.”

Joyce and her dog, Aja, aptly named after the West African goddess of forests.

This goddess is worshipped in many cultures for her wisdom and plant-based healing regimens.

BUSINESS PROFILE

Herbs for Life, Inc. This company supports the health of animals across the country with unique lines of organic supplements and herbal medicinals.

By Matthew Berk

Just over ten years ago, Joyce Belcher decided to turn her passion for holistic health into a business. After a great deal of research on how natural remedies and modalities can optimize healing, while frequently witnessing the failure of conventional veterinary medicine in the lives of her own animals, her mind was made up. Joyce expanded her studies to focus on herbs, and launched Herbs for Life, Inc. in 2008. Offering a unique line of organic pet supplements and herbal medicinals, her new company quickly began to thrive – and so did her customers.

From the start, Herbs for Life, Inc. has been dedicated to quality. All products are made using non-GMO, certified organic or wild-harvested ingredients, and no chemicals are added or used in the manufacturing process. Joyce prides herself on safety and efficacy.

“Our mission and passion is and has always been to help pets get healthy and stay healthy as nature intended,” she says.

Adaptogens and tonic herbs form the basis of Joyce’s product lines. Boasting herbal and superfood formulas for dogs, cats and horses, these wellness blends are created with optimal synergy. The company’s Detox Liver Cleanse, for instance, has been a game changer for the health of many animals. It works to remove heavy metals, restore normal healthy function to the elimination organs (i.e. liver, kidneys, lymphatic system, blood and neurological systems) and, like all Herbs for Life, Inc. products, contains no inactive ingredients.

Since there are no fillers, product doses are significantly less than with most other supplements. This means you get more bang for your buck, and your animal’s body doesn’t have to work as hard to reap the benefits. “Many companies use fillers to make their products less costly, but the animal has to consume a much larger dose, and the kidneys and liver have to work hard to rid the body of what it has no use for, taxing the organs of elimination,”

says Joyce. Fillers also reduce the level of nutrients the body absorbs. Because most herbs are water soluble, they will pass through the kidneys quickly, and are 100% absorbable.

Given that Joyce’s primary goal is to help animals, it’s not surprising that she supports several rescue organizations by donating products, funds and a lot of her time. She also helps educate customers on how to improve their animals’ health and well-being. But until recently, she felt that the name of her supplement lines, Pet Wellness Blends and Veterinary Botanicals, didn’t fully encompass the values she so strongly upholds. So she rebranded. Her two product lines were combined to create Sustenance Herbs, a title that better reflects their ability to support and maintain health.

“Sustenance refers to something that sustains life or health,” says Joyce. “And the happiness that people experience when their dogs, cats or horses are healthy and feeling great is what keeps me going!”

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PASSAGES

legacy Annabelle’s

By Mell Jackson

Annabelle was a little Maltese, full of life and into everything. She was confident, loved everyone, and wasn’t fazed by anything. I called her my “everlasting puppy”.

When she was just 17 months old, events took a dramatic turn. One night, Annabelle gave a cry and shook for ten minutes. I calmed her and she settled down, but she woke with a head tilt the next morning, so I took her to the vet.

Understandably, he thought she had an inner ear infection, and treated her with antibiotics. But after two days, the head tilt worsened, so my vet referred Annabelle for an MRI to rule out a serious neurological condition called granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME), an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.

A GRIM DIAGNOSIS My heart sank as the neurologist confirmed the diagnosis. But since there was only a small amount of inflammation on the frontal lobe of Annabelle’s brain, the doctor hoped for remission after treatment. Annabelle spent two days

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at the hospital to get her medications started. When I went to pick her up, I was encouraged to see her looking brighter, and with no head tilt! A gruelling 16 sessions of chemotherapy were prescribed, consisting of an injection every three weeks. In addition, I had to give Annabelle another chemotherapy drug twice a day, and a high dose of the conventional drug, prednisone.

For the first six weeks, Annabelle did well. The neurologist suggested reducing the prednisone – but gradually, as he was worried about relapse. Everything seemed fine for about two weeks, then I thought I saw a head tilt again.

The doctor agreed, and increased the medications. Every time we tried to back off on the meds, Annabelle had a relapse

– three in five months. At times, we were making a daily three-hour round trip to the neurologist. We refused to give up hope.

Annabelle’s condition began to worsen and her balance and ability to swallow were now affected. Another MRI confirmed the inflammation had spread to another part of her brain. A tube was inserted through her nose and into her stomach to feed her. The neurologist said that if she did not regain her ability to swallow in five days, it would be kinder to put her to sleep.

ANNABELLE CONTINUES TO FIGHT I slept on the floor beside Annabelle, praying for a miracle. Then, on the

Be aware of GME’s red flags GME is more common in toy dogs, but it can affect any breed and age. Get your dog checked if s/he develops a slight head tilt, vision problems, drowsiness, seizures, neck pain, difficulty walking or loss of balance, circling, weakness or behavior changes. The first 24 hours are vital because the inflammation caused by this disease can spread very quickly. For more information, visit the “GME Finding a Cure” Facebook page.

fourth day after the feeding tube was inserted, she licked me. I excitedly called the neurologist with the news.

First I tried a little water with Annabelle, then a little food.

She swallowed it, and there was no coughing. This little dog so wanted to live. She was trying so hard.

We returned to the hospital for more treatment, and the doctor removed the feeding tube. He was so pleased with her progress.

Sadly, a week later, Annabelle’s head tilt and loss of balance returned with a vengeance.

She could no longer stand, and within a matter of hours, her mouth wouldn’t open. I knew a locked jaw signalled the next stage of her GME. The neurologist said there was nothing else we could do. Annabelle had lost a great deal of weight and could no longer walk. I knew we had lost the fight. Two weeks after Annabelle’s second birthday, we said goodbye to her.

GME is a wicked disease, and I have made it my mission to learn all I can about it. I even made the decision to donate Annabelle’s brain for medical research. Although every day spent fighting this disease was a battle, I don’t regret giving my precious girl a chance. I am still paying off more than $28,000 in vet bills, after having sold my engagement ring, my grandmother’s jewellery, and my Maltese memorabilia. My good friend surprised me with

a GoFundMe page, which raised almost $8,000, and another friend offered to pay for Annabelle’s first MRI. I’ll always be indebted to these big-hearted people.

GRIEF INTO ACTION Three days after Annabelle’s death, I turned my focus to increasing public awareness of GME. I organized a fun day with a dog show, auction, barbecue and raffle as a memorial to Annabelle, raising more than $2,000.

Bolstered by the day’s success, combined with overwhelming support on social media, I followed this event up with a fundraising dog show.

Above: Annabelle and the author strike a pose.

Left: Annabelle thanks all those who helped pay for her care.

All profits have been donated to a research project being conducted by Dr. Renee M. Barber, DVM, at the University of Georgia. This crowd-funding initiative aims to improve the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of dogs suffering from GME, as well as to develop disease prevention strategies.

Already more than $27,400 of the $35,000 target has been raised.

While I am devastated at losing my “everlasting puppy” at such a young age, and to such a nasty disease, I am determined that something positive should come from her death. By raising awareness of GME, and supporting efforts to improve its diagnosis, treatment and prevention, I feel that Annabelle’s passing won’t be in vain.

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GOING GREEN

TOP 10 STEPS TO AN

ECO-FRIENDLY DOG

By Stephanie Feldstein

Our canine companions have a heavy carbon footprint. In our efforts to tread more lightly on the earth, we need to include our dogs in the changes we make.

It’s an uncomfortable truth for those of us who love both dogs and the planet.

Our canine companions are terrible environmentalists. They can’t help it.

As much as dogs make our world a better place, they go against Mother Nature in many ways. But there are things you can do to help your dog be a better steward for the planet. Check out the top ten steps you can take to reduce his carbon pawprint, and help him tread a little more lightly on the planet.

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EDITOR’S NOTE

HOLISTIC HEALTHCARE HELPS THE PLANET Taking a holistic approach to your dog’s healthcare means reducing the use of conventional medications, which often have detrimental side effects. This is also good for the environment when you consider that drug residues can pass through the dog’s body via his urine (as well as his feces), thereby contributing to the contamination of the earth and waterways with harmful chemicals.

1. HARNESS YOUR CONSUMPTION Dogs have a pretty simple wish list: healthy food, a warm place to sleep, and plenty of love and attention. But you wouldn’t know it based on the $70 billion-a-year pet industry.

Our dogs have become accomplices in our consumer culture, and the planet is paying the price. Everything in pet stores, from kibble to seasonal leashes to rubber sticks, requires energy and other resources to produce.

Of course, you want to ensure your dog has everything he needs to be healthy, happy and comfortable, but before you buy that fluffy new toy or sparkly spare collar, pause to consider whether your dog really needs it (are you really just buying it for yourself?). Maybe you’d both get more out of a long walk or learning a new trick.

2. OPT FOR EARTHFRIENDLIER TOYS Raising an eco-friendly dog doesn’t mean depriving him of toys. Dogs need to play and chew. If you don’t provide your pup with appropriate toys, any carbon savings you might chalk up at the pet store will be lost by replacing other things destroyed by a bored dog.

When you buy dog toys, look for those he’ll want, not what appeals to you.

An adorable stuffed cow that he’ll ignore or destroy in five seconds isn’t much fun for him or the planet. Choose durable products made from natural non-toxic materials that are likely to last longer. If available, purchase toys made from recycled materials and minimal packaging.

You can also repair favorite stuffed toys with your sewing kit or make your own upcycled tug toys by braiding together old t-shirts.

3. AIM FOR MINIMAL WASTE

number of companies are incorporating recycled or biodegradable packaging into their products, so keep an eye out for those too.

4. GREEN YOUR GROOMING ROUTINE Ten minutes of rinsing your dog in the shower can send as much as 50 gallons of water down the drain. Conserve water by turning off the faucet when shampooing, and consider installing a low-flow shower head. When brushing your dog, do it outdoors – it’s less cleanup for you and provides warm nesting material for birds and wild animals.

Dogs are fascinated by garbage cans, but their relationship with trash is largely food-motivated. On the other hand, we’re constantly sending aluminum cans, plastic poop bags, paper towels, and other odds and ends to the landfill on our dogs’ behalf.

The best way to prevent waste is to not create it in the first place, or at least take steps to reduce it. Instead of throwing away old toys, leashes and collars, for example, donate them to an animal shelter or rescue group (as long as they’re still in good condition, that is!). Use washable rags instead of paper towels for small messes, and always recycle cans and boxes. A growing

Ditch toxic shampoos and cleaning products. Water, vinegar and gentle dish soap go a long way to cleaning household surfaces, and you can buy many natural dog shampoos free of chemicals. You’ll help keep toxins

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out of the environment and reduce your dog’s exposure to potentially hazardous ingredients.

5. FEED A HEALTHY DIET AND WATCH HIS WEIGHT Choosing a natural high quality diet is good for your dog’s health, and for the earth’s. Look for companies that source their ingredients as close to home as possible, and that use some sustainable practices when it comes to manufacturing or packaging. Avoid foods that contain synthetic colors, preservatives and other chemicals.

While vegetarian or vegan dog foods are available, be sure to consult with your veterinarian if you’re thinking of going this route.

Another thing we can do is avoid overfeeding our dogs. According to the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention, more than half of dogs in the United States are overweight or obese. Feeding the right amount is a simple step toward trimming your dog’s waistline – and his carbon pawprint.

6. ADD IN SOME PLANT-BASED TREATS Treats provide an excellent opportunity to experiment with some less carbonintensive options. From dehydrated sweet potatoes to pumpkin cookies, a bounty of nutritious plant-based snacks are now available, and most dogs love them. Toys filled with organic peanut butter, then frozen, keep chewers busy and happy, while a lot of dogs love the crunch of carrots or broccoli.

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From dehydrated sweet potatoes to pumpkin cookies, a bounty of nutritious plant-based snacks are now available, and most dogs love them.

7. BE A SUPER SCOOPER It may not be the most pleasant part of canine companionship, but cleaning up after our dogs is part of our responsibility to them.

It’s also part of our responsibility to our neighbors – both humans and wildlife.

Our dogs carry different pathogens than wild animals do. Picking up after your dog, whether you’re in your backyard or out on the trail, helps protect wildlife from disease and keeps excess nutrients from polluting waterways.

8. LEASH TO SAVE LIVES Even if your dog isn’t fast enough to catch a rabbit, the chase can cause injury or stress to his prey. Romping dogs can also trample sensitive habitats that other

animals rely on. While it’s fine to let your dog run free in the local dog park, keeping him on a leash when you’re hiking in a natural area helps protect wild creatures and their homes.

9. EXPLORE YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD MORE If you’re driving half an hour each way to get to the nearest dog park several times a week, your canine is racking up a hefty commute for social hour. While the exercise and socialization are great for you and your dog, there are likely options closer to home.

Before you hop in the car for your next big adventure, try exploring your own neighborhood more thoroughly.

You never know what you might find, and getting to know the local marking spots can also be exciting for your dog. Seek out nearby parks, or use your neighborhood social network to set up doggy play dates within walking distance.

10. DEFUSE THE PUPPY POPULATION BOMB Dogs have the ability to reproduce quickly. Each litter creates many more dogs that will, over their lives, contribute to climate change, waste and resource consumption.

We can’t teach our canines about the birds and the bees. But by exploring sterilization methods that stop reproduction while maintaining canine health (see page 54 for more on this topic), we can control populations of stray and homeless dogs, and help ensure that the dogs who share our planet have healthy, loving homes.

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COMMUNICATORS

INTEGRATIVE VETS Affordable Holistic Animal Therapies West Hollywood, CA USA Phone: 323-304-2984 Ballantrae Animal Hospital Margaret Hacking, DVM Stouffville, ON Canada Phone: (905) 640-6809 Website: www.AnimalWellnessCentre.com Beechmount Animal Hospital Waterloo, ON Canada Phone: (519) 888-6590 Website: www.beechmountanhosp.ca Dr. Lisa Burgess Millgrove Veterinary Services Millgrove, ON Canada Phone: (905) 690-4557 Email: service@burgessvet.com Website: www.millgrovevet.com Sharon R. Doolittle, DVM, Inc. Smithfield, RI USA Phone: (401) 349-2668 Email: vetinfo@holisticanimalvet.com Website: www.holisticanimalvet.com

Janice DeFonda Can We Talk Fayetteville, NY USA Phone: (315) 329-0116 Email: angelwhispurr@gmail.com Website: www.angelwhispurr.com

Dr. Autumn Drouin, DVM, ND and Dr. Sasan Haghighat (Hyatt), DVM, CVA North-East Newmarket Veterinary Service Newmarket, ON Canada Phone: (905) 830-1030 Email: holisticveterinarian@gmail.com Website: www.holistic-vet.ca

Animal Wellness

• Acupuncture • Chiropractic •Conventional Medicine •Therapeutic Nutrition •Traditional Chinese Medicine Guelph, Ontario, Canada (519)836-2782 www.GuelphVet.com info@GuelphVet.com Harwood Oaks Animal Clinic Bedford, TX USA Phone: 817-354-7676 Website: www.harwoodoaksanimalclinic.com Hawks Prairie Veterinary Hospital Lacey, WA USA Phone: (360) 459-6556 Email: hawksprairievet@yahoo.com Website: www.hawksprairieveterinaryhospital.com Holistic Animal Care Stephanie Chalmers, DVM, CVH Santa Rosa, CA USA Phone: (707) 538-4643 Home Vet Weston, CT USA Phone: (203) 222-7979 Website: www.homevet.com

Carrie Hutchinson, VMD Rockledge Veterinary Clinic Rockledge, PA USA Phone: (215) 379-1677 Email: info@rockledgevet.com Website: www.rockledgevet.com

Essex Animal Hospital Essex, ON CAN Phone: (519) 776-7325 Email: info@essexanimalhospital.ca Website: www.essexanimalhospital.ca Family Veterinary Center Haydenville, MA USA Phone: (413) 268-8387 Website: www.famvets.com

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Individualized, Integrative Veterinary Care

Horizon Veterinary Services Susan Maier, DVM Simpsonville, KY USA Phone: (502) 722-8231 Email: horizonvetserv@yahoo.com Website: www.horizonvetserv.com

Lydia Hiby Mysticviz Burbank, CA USA Phone: (818)-244-0091 Website: www.lydiahiby.com Lynn McKenzie Animal Energy Sedona, AZ USA Phone: (512) 827-0505 x 8642 Email: lynn@animalenergy.com Website: www.animalenergy.com

Dr. Caroline Goulard, DVM, CCRT, CVA, CVPP Paws on the Go Laguna Woods, CA USA Phone: (949) 707-1696 Email: cgoulard@pawsonthego.net Website: www.pawsonthego.net

Integrated Veterinary Clinic Sacramento, CA USA Phone: 916-454-1825 Gail Jewell, DVM Kelowna, BC Canada Phone: (888) 622-8300 Website: www.holisticvet.ca

communicators • integrative vets • natural products • pet psychics • publications • Reiki therapy • schools & wellness education • shelters & rescues •

REIKI THERAPY Aileen D’Angelo, RMT, Cn. TPM Hoof, Paw & Claw Reiki Northboro, MA USA Phone: (508) 393-3684 Email: hoofpawclaw@verizon.net Website: www.reikiforcritters.com

PET PSYCHICS

Amy Pikalek Hikari Natural Healing Madison, WI USA Phone: (608) 886-8778 Email: hikarihealing@yahoo.com Website: www.hikarihealing.com

SCHOOLS & WELLNESS EDUCATION PetMassage, Ltd. Toledo, OH USA Toll Free: (800) 779-1001 Phone: (419) 475-3539 Email: info@petmassage.com Website: www.petmassage.com

Dr. Shawn Messonnier Paws and Claws Vet Clinic Plano, TX USA Phone: (972) 712-0893 Email: shawnvet@sbcglobal.net Website: www.pettogethers.net/healthypet

PUBLICATIONS

Mark Newkirk, VMD Newkirk Family Veterinarians Egg Harbor Township, NJ USA Phone: (609) 645-2120 Email: mnewk@alternativevet.com Website: www.alternativevet.com

Healing Touch for Animals Highlands Ranch, CO USA Phone: (303) 470-6572 Email: drea@healingtouchforanimals.com Website: www.healingtouchforanimals.co Well Animal Institute Brighton, CO USA Phone: (303) 514-0076 Email: info@wellanimalinstitute.com Website: www.wellanimalinstitute.com

NATURAL PRODUCT

SHELTERS & RESCUES

MANUFACTURERS & DISTRIBUTORS

Alaskan Malamute Mt. Gilead, OH USA Phone: (419) 512-2423 Email: shaman@brightnet.net

Azmira Holistic Animal Care Tuscon, AZ USA Phone: (800) 497-5665 Email: info@azmira.com Website: www.azmira.com

American Brittany Rescue Sugar Grove, IL USA Phone: (866) BRIT-911 Email: rhonda@americanbrittanyrescue.org Website: www.americanbrittanyrescue.org

NATURAL PRODUCT RETAILERS Dog Gone Dirt All Natural Dog & Horse Skin Care Products Crescent City, FL USA Phone: (386) 559-3454 Email: doggonedirt@yahoo.com Website: www.doggonedirt.com

Animal Avengers Los Angeles, CA USA Phone: (323) 655-4220 Email: admin@animalavengers.com Website: www.animalavengers.com

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TOP 10

DOG TRAINING TIPS

By Andrea Gronwald

WHEN IT COMES TO TRAINING YOUR DOG, THE KEYS TO SUCCESS ARE FOUND IN FOLLOWING THESE TEN IMPORTANT STEPS.

Dog training involves so much more than teaching your canine companion to sit, stay and come. It means teaching him how to live successfully in the human world. Training helps keep our dogs safe, provides them with much needed mental stimulation, and gives them a purpose. Have you ever seen the proud look on a dog’s face when he successfully performs a trick? Fun training sessions also strengthen the bond between you and your best friend. Training should begin the moment you first bring your dog home, whether he’s a puppy or an adult. Here are ten key training tips that will help you raise a happy and well-behaved dog.

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1

MAKE SURE YOUR DOG IS HEALTHY

If your dog is not feeling well, it may affect his behavior, but training is not the solution in this case. To keep your dog healthy, feed him a high quality diet, provide regular physical exercise and play, and allow for socialization, mental stimulation, and sufficient rest and quiet time. Have your dog checked regularly by a veterinarian. If you notice a sudden change in his behavior, or any signs he isn’t feeling well, a visit to the vet is warranted before you implement a training program.

2

REWARD YOUR DOG FOR BEHAVIORS YOU LIKE

Reinforcing spontaneous behaviors your dog offers on his own is probably the easiest and yet most overlooked training method. Throughout the day, when your dog does something you like, praise and reward him for it. No matter how much of a troublemaker you think your dog is, there are many moments where he actually behaves well. For example, when he happens to sit or lie down, goes to his bed, picks up a toy instead of your slipper, looks at you for feedback, or walks nicely on the leash, tell him how much you like that and give him a treat. Your dog will offer those behaviors more often because he has learned he will be rewarded for them. Over time, gradually replace food rewards with affection and other things your dog likes, such as going for a walk or playing fetch.

3

BE PROACTIVE AND SET YOUR DOG UP FOR SUCCESS

Prevention and management play important roles in training.

It is a lot easier to prevent unwanted behaviors and teach your dog what you would like him to do, than to try to break unwanted habits later.

For example, if you don’t want your dog to steal food from the kitchen counter, either don’t leave food out or prevent him from having access to the kitchen counter. Then teach him what you want him to do instead by saying, for example, “leave it”. Puppies love to chew, so if you leave your expensive Italian shoes within her reach, don’t blame her for being destructive. Instead, put your shoes away and provide her with appropriate chew toys and treats.

Whenever your dog performs a behavior you don’t like, make sure you set up the environment in such a way that she cannot engage in this behavior again, then teach her a substitute behavior.

4

START TRAINING IN AN ENVIRONMENT WITH FEW TO NO DISTRACTIONS

Always start teaching a new behavior in an environment with minimal distractions, such as your living room. Once your dog has learned to do a behavior inside your house, gradually move to places with more distractions – for example, practice in your yard, then on a quiet street, then in a park, then on a busier street with people walking by, and so on.

One complaint every trainer hears is: “My dog sits at home but won’t sit anywhere else. He is very stubborn.” There is a simple explanation for why your dog may do a behavior at home but not anywhere else: canines are contextual learners.

This means that whenever the context changes (e.g. you are at someone else’s house), your dog perceives it as a different situation, which means you need to teach the behavior from the beginning again.

This change of context can appear quite subtle to humans.

For example, just because your dog has learned to sit on carpet, doesn’t mean he will sit on a tile floor. Or, if your dog sits for you while you are standing in front of her, she may not sit when you ask her from a chair. You have to teach every behavior in different environments and situations.

But don’t worry – with practice, your dog will eventually understand that “sit” means “sit” regardless of where she is or what is going on around her. At that moment, your dog has generalized the behavior.

Continued on page 74.

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A SIMPLE “GOOD GIRL” OR “GOOD BOY” CANNOT COMPETE WITH A SQUIRREL RUNNING BY. Continued from page 73.

5

USE HIGH VALUE REWARDS

You want to use rewards your dog fi nds highly motivating. The majority of dogs are food motivated and real meats or cheese are great rewards for them. Some prefer toys or affection over food. Use whatever motivates your dog.

Reward her generously whenever you teach a new behavior; one that she fi nds particularly difficult; or when working with her around distractions.

A simple “good girl” or “good boy” cannot compete with a squirrel running by.

You will have to offer more than that, like steak, hamburger and the like. Over time, you gradually wean your dog off treats and replace food with real life rewards, such as affection or play.

6

KEEP TRAINING SESSIONS SHORT AND MAKE THEM FUN

Many short training sessions throughout the day are more effective than one or two long sessions. A session can last from a few seconds to a few minutes. You can easily incorporate training into your daily routine. For example, ask your dog to “come” and “sit” before you put the food bowl down. Ask her to lie down before you throw the ball. If you are teaching a new behavior, practice for a few minutes and always end on a good note Training is not supposed to be a tedious task.

It’s supposed to be fun for you and your dog. Whether you teach “stay” or “shake”, it’s all tricks to your dog.

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7

BE CONSISTENT

We often unintentionally teach our dogs unwanted behaviors. For example, some people don’t mind their dogs jumping on them – unless they are wearing nice clothes.

Well, our dogs won’t see the difference between our casual jeans and a cocktail dress. Also, every family member has to be consistent with your training goals. It would be difficult for your dog to understand that he may jump on one person in the household, but not another. Use clear and consistent hand signals and verbal cues. For example, say “sit” instead of “sit down” if you want your dog to sit. Say “off” and not “down” when you want your dog to get off the couch. Our dogs pay close attention to us and a small change in our words or gestures may confuse them.

8

HAVE REALISTIC EXPECTATIONS

Age, size and temperament all play a role when training your dog. Consider his physical and emotional abilities. Old dogs can certainly learn new tricks, but make sure your senior is able to do what you ask of him. Puppy brains are like sponges, and they can learn a lot in a very short time. But keep in mind that their behavior is not yet reliable. A timid dog may fi nd seemingly simple tasks challenging. Training takes time and practice. Have realistic expectations and be patient.

Every dog – just like every human – learns at his own pace.

9

GO BACK TO AN EARLIER STEP WHEN YOUR DOG “DOESN’T GET IT”

When your dog doesn’t do what you ask him to, go back to the point where he was successful. He is not being stubborn or disobedient. He most likely just doesn’t know what you are asking him to do. For example, if your dog knows how to sit and stay for ten seconds, but won’t do it for 20 seconds, simply go back to ten seconds and gradually build on that. It is better to move in baby steps than to set your dog up for failure.

10

SEEK PROFESSIONAL HELP

When you need additional help with training your dog, fi nd a professional trainer who uses force-free, positive reinforcement training methods. If your dog shows any signs of aggression, always contact a trainer sooner rather than later to avoid any escalation.

Training your dog involves patience, consistency and plenty of rewards. Make training fun and positive and he’ll respond the way you want him to!

SPRING

essentials Singin’ in the rain

Enjoy those spring showers by keeping your dog dry with the Sub-Woofer™ Soft Shell Activity Dog Coat. Lightweight, supple and breathable, this laminated fleece blocks rain and wind without weighing him down, while the Brilliant™ reflective feature boosts visibility up to 500’ in dull conditions. Seven sizes available. stuntpuppy.com

Eco-friendly potty solution

For your boat, balcony, patio, or inside the house! Sparky on the Spot is an allnatural dog potty solution that provides a convenient place for your pooch to go. Great for house-training puppies. Made with recyclable materials such as odor- and moisture-absorbing pine, quick-drying jute, and water-resistant cardboard. sparkyonthespot.com

Spring forward ... with a new diet

A healthy diet means a happy active pet! Petcurean introduces two new GO! Solutions™ recipes – GrainFree Salmon Recipe for Cats and Grain-Free Chicken Recipe for Dogs. By providing new food options, Petcurean helps you find the best solutions to issues like picky eating, dandruff, dull coat, food allergies and sensitivities. petcurean.com

Relieve his joint pain

Your dog can’t enjoy the warmer weather to the max if his joints hurt. CBD acts as an anti-inflammatory and relieves joint pain, as well as anxiety and seizures. Rover’s Relief CBD formulations are free of THC and provide maximum therapeutic benefits – lab results are posted for each batch, so visit their website to learn more. roverspet.com

Listen up!

Join over seven million on-demand listeners this spring by tuning in to Pet Life Radio, created by producer Mark Winter and featuring over 70 weekly podcasts/talk shows hosted by pet experts, authors, radio and TV personalities. Pet Life Radio has won a HSUS Genesis Award, and is the Official Radio Network of the American Humane Association. PetLifeRadio.com

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HEALTHWATCH

HOW

VAP ING

IMPACTS YOUR DOG OR CAT

By Emily Watson

D gs Cats

MANY PEOPLE ASSUME VAPING IS A HARMLESS HABIT THAT EMITS NOTHING BUT WATER VAPOR. BUT THE “E-JUICE” IN VAPE PENS CONTAINS CHEMICALS THAT POSE A DANGER TO THE PEOPLE – AND ANIMALS – WHO ARE EXPOSED TO IT.

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Chances are, you know at least one person who vapes. This trend has taken off in the past couple of years, and is slowly replacing cigarettes with many people. In some ways, this is a positive shift. Compared to traditional cigarettes, vape pens contain fewer carcinogenic compounds, and pose less of a risk to humans and animals when it comes to lung health. For this reason, many people use them as a way to quit smoking. The catch, however, is that the liquid used in vape pens contains a whole host of other toxic chemicals, that when ingested or inhaled, can cause harm to people, dogs and cats.

WHAT IS VAPING, EXACTLY? When someone vapes, he or she inhales the aerosol produced by a liquid, commonly known as e-juice, heated by a vape pen or “e-cigarette”. While no burning is involved, the act of heating the chemicals in the e-juice can create

new (and more dangerous) chemicals, such as formaldehyde.

E-juice itself can contain numerous ingredients, most of which are dangerous to dogs and cats. Some may include carrier solvents such as propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin, and additional contents that include flavoring compounds and nicotone.

In locations where marijuana is legal, THC-infused e-juice might also be available. It’s a misconception that vape pens contain less nicotine than traditional cigarettes. The truth is, levels can vary, and some may actually contain quite a bit more.

UNDERSTANDING THE RISKS The risks of vaping around dogs and cats is twofold. The first potential danger is second-hand inhalation of the vapor. The second and more fatal risk is ingestion of the nicotine present in the e-juice, or ingestion of the vape pens themselves.

RISK #1: INHALATION The risk of second-hand exposure to vape aerosols is significantly less dangerous than that associated with cigarette smoke – but that doesn’t mean it’s safe. In 2016, the World Health Organization concluded that second-hand aerosols from e-cigarettes are an air contamination source of hazardous particulate matter, which poses a risk to anyone breathing it in.1 For this reason, many jurisdictions have banned vaping in public areas. Not surprisingly, the risk goes up for children and animals, who are smaller and more susceptible to the effects of air pollution.

4 WAYS TO PROTECT YOUR ANIMAL FROM THE RISKS OF VAPING 1. Keep e-liquids and vaping devices where animals can’t access them. This seems obvious, but it’s easy to “accidentally” leave your paraphernalia on a table or countertop without thinking. Be diligent and always stash it safely.

2. Don’t charge your e-cigarettes when you aren’t around. These batteryoperated devices can be charged on laptops and other USB outlets.

Again, it’s easy to be dismissive and leave them plugged in where your dog or cat might find them, so don’t let them out of your sight.

3. Vape outdoors or in a well-ventilated space away from your animals.

“Using electronic cigarettes outside the home and away from the pet may prevent unnecessary secondhand exposure to chemicals,” says Dr. Angie Krause. Designate a “smoking room” that your dog or cat can’t access, or establish a “no smoking” rule in your home.

4. If the worst happens, get help right away. When a dog or cat is poisoned, immediate treatment can mean the difference between life and death.

If you suspect that your animal has ingested nicotine, don’t hesitate – call a local emergency vet clinic or contact the Pet Poison Helpline.

Continued on page 78.

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SYMPTOMS OF NICOTINE POISONING Protecting your dog or cat from the dangers of vaping and its associated health risks means being able to recognize the symptoms of nicotine poisoning.

If you notice any of the following signs, call your emergency vet clinic or contact the Pet Poison Helpline immediately: Agitation Excessive salivation Vomiting Diarrhea Tremors Seizures Weakness Stumbling

1

www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/95/7/16-186536/en/

2

www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463913001533

3

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2708106

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Continued from page 77.

A study published in the International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health revealed that vaping worsened indoor air quality as a result of the nicotine, hydrocarbons and aluminum found in e-juice.2 Another found that propylene glycol (commonly found in e-juice) can lead to red blood cell damage in cats.3 Particles from the exhaled aerosol can settle on an animal’s fur, where it will be ingested when he grooms himself. “At this time, there is limited study about the impact on human health of second-hand and third-hand exposure to electronic cigarettes,” says veterinarian Dr. Angie Krause. “What we do know is that second-hand smoke can affect a pet’s respiratory health and increase his risk for cancer of the lungs, nasal cavity and sinuses. Electronic cigarettes may lessen these risks but not eliminate them completely.”

the flavoring and propylene glycol is certainly harmful, the nicotine is the primary danger. “Nicotine is toxic to pets because it causes depolarization in the nervous system,” says Dr. Krause. “This causes stimulation at first, followed by depression.

Respiratory depression can be fatal.

The liquid nicotine cartridges contain concentrated levels of nicotine, which is readily absorbed in the mouth while the pet is chewing.”

Unfortunately, some animals are more at risk than others. Large breed dogs and mixes, for instance, may get sick from ingesting a small amount of nicotine, but the same amount might be fatal in a small canine or a cat. In either case, it’s important to seek help immediately in order to minimize the risks.

RISK #2: INGESTION

In addition to poisoning risk, ingesting the cartridge or the pen itself can cause a fatal blockage in an animal’s GI system.

The Pet Poison Helpline has witnessed a dramatic increase in calls from people with dogs and cats that have ingested e-cigarettes or e-juice. According to their website, the victims are usually dogs, but these substances are toxic to cats as well. The smell of the e-juice, whether the latter is flavored or not, can be appealing to animals. But while

The long-term health effects of vaping around dogs and cats might still be unclear, but it’s safe to say they’re probably not good – for you or your furry friends. If you can’t kick the habit, be responsible about it (see sidebar on previous page). Your dog or cat’s life might depend on it.

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Animal Wellness

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AGING WELL

Top

4

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Animal Wellness

nutrition tips for senior dogs

By Deva Khalsa, VMD

Help your older dog stay healthy and live long by feeding him right and keeping his weight down.

If you have a senior dog, the most important factor affecting his health and longevity is his diet. Fortunately, you’re the one controlling his diet, so there’s a lot you can do to keep him well and happy. Here are some tips for keeping your older dog healthy and young at heart during his golden years.

Your older dog’s diet is the single most important factor affecting his health and longevity.

1

DON’T LET HIM TIP THE SCALES

It’s important to keep your canine senior citizen at a healthy weight. There are many reasons he can become overweight, the most common of which are improper diet and lack of sufficient exercise. Weight gain may also be due to a hypothyroid condition, so if you’ve been reducing your dog’s caloric intake over time and notice no weight loss, it’s important to take him to the veterinarian and get his thyroid function checked. Once any medical reasons for obesity are ruled out, other causes of weight gain need to be addressed.

As dogs age, we love them more and may tend to give them lots of extra treats. While our unconditionallyloving canine companions deserve the best, over-treating generates weight gain. This doesn’t mean your dog can’t enjoy treats; simply change

what he eats to healthier fare. One large wheat-based biscuit contains 500 calories – that’s over a meal’s worth of calories for a small dog. It’s easy to create treats from foods that are both healthy and delicious.

Many dogs love broccoli stems or slices of apple, pear or watermelon.

Freeze-dried chicken breast makes a welcome and lowcalorie treat.

Vegetables such as carrots, string beans, broccoli, yams and sweet potatoes can be very lightly dribbled with olive oil, baked at a low heat until they are golden brown and then cooled. There are so many options that even fi nicky seniors will have their favorites.

2

KEEP UP THE QUALITY OF HIS FOOD

In addition to healthier treats, it’s important to learn how to decipher pet food ingredients by reading labels. Many commercial pet food manufacturers use corn and corn gluten as a cheap alternative protein source. Corn is not a natural food source for dogs and contains eight grams of carbohydrates to every gram of protein. Avoid foods with corn, meat by-products and animal digest. I don’t recommend special weight loss diets since they typically include substantial quantities of low quality fiber such as soy mill run, peanut hulls and wheat middling.

It’s better to look for foods with quality fiber sources such as pumpkin seed, flaxseed and fresh vegetables. Healthy carbohydrates to look for include oats, barley, sweet potato and brown rice.

TREAT YOUR SENIOR DOG TO THESE

TANTALIZING RECIPES

"GET THOSE VEGETABLES IN" OMELETTE 2 tablespoons olive oil 1 cup finely chopped broccoli ½ cup finely chopped kale 1 tablespoon parsley 4 eggs, beaten

Add the oil to a 10” to 12” frying pan. Add broccoli, kale and parsley and sauté lightly for one minute. Pour beaten eggs into the pan and over the vegetables.

Cover and cook over low heat for 4 to 6 minutes until done.

Cool and serve.

FARE FOR FULL FIGURES ¼ to ½ cup low-fat cottage cheese, ricotta cheese or Farmers cheese or ½ to 2 eggs or ¼ to ¾ cup lean meat or poultry ¼ to 1½ cups cooked sweet potato Steamed vegetables, as many as your dog wants* (again, no onions!)

1 teaspoon uncooked coconut oil

Combine cooled ingredients and serve. * If your dog suff ers from an infl ammatory condition, do not feed nightshade vegetables such as peppers or tomatoes.

Adjust these recipes according to the size of your dog, and include a high quality multivitamin/ multimineral supplement.

Recipes from Dr. Khalsa’s Natural Dog

Continued on page 82.

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Continued from page 81.

3

WATCH THE PROTEIN

Traditional recommendations call for reducing the protein content in an older dog’s meals. The best way to do this is to make up the difference by adding vegetables to his diet. Adding more fruits and vegetables along with sweet potatoes to your dog’s food will give him the special phytonutrients (compounds in foods that both prevent disease and improve health) his cells need to eliminate toxins and stay in top form.

Most dogs love steamed veggies with a bit of olive oil or butter on them. If your dog shies away from this, try adding a small amount of Parmesan cheese to the mix.

Home cooking for dogs is becoming more popular. With home cooking, you can easily adjust protein levels in your dog’s diet and add lots of healthy produce to his meals. If you’re used to feeding a high quality packaged food

and are concerned about the home cooking commitment, know that you don’t have to cook every day and can alternate with the packaged food if you wish.

4

UP THE ANTIOXIDANTS

Antioxidants are extraordinarily important for retarding the aging process and maintaining good health. They deter aging by helping your dog’s cells and organs resist damage. They inhibit the destructive effects of oxidation, a process that begins when toxic substances in the environment cause damage to cells.

Freshly cooked vegetables are filled with healthy antioxidants.

The antioxidant vitamin E occurs naturally in grains, nut oils and dark leafy green vegetables. Kale is an excellent vegetable as it contains not only vitamin E but also special phytonutrients that dump toxins and

carcinogens out of cells ten times faster. Vitamin E is even more effective with vitamin C (another antioxidant); they create a powerful one-two preemptive punch against cancer and other chronic diseases.

Fat-soluble vitamin A is found in animal fats, egg yolks and cod liver oil.

Carotenes are the watersoluble form of vitamin A. Beta-carotene is found in orange and yellow fruits and vegetables. Brightly colored fruits and vegetables have been found to decrease cancer risk in humans by 30% and it’s no different for dogs. Variety is the key and good old home cooking provides the opportunity for plenty of variety.

Feeding your dog healthy organic vegetables and fruits, free range eggs, and lots of variety will give him antiaging antioxidants every day.

In many ways, feeding senior dogs is similar to feeding younger ones. But the older your canine gets, the more important it becomes to watch his diet and weight, and make sure he’s getting quality balanced nutrition. It’s one of the simplest – and most important – ways to ensure he’ll be by your side for many more years to come.

Antioxidants are extraordinarily important for retarding the aging process and maintaining good health.

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Animal Communicators

Books & Publications

CAROL SCHULTZ – Animal Communicator/ Intuitive Healing Support. Interactive, compassionate, practical, and insightful Consultations and Energy Balancing for all species. Assistance with emotional, behavioral, physical, end of life, and animals of spirit. Classes & mentoring available.

(815) 531-2850; www.carolschultz.com

1000s OF DOG BOOKS, EBOOKS, DVDS AND VIDEO ON DEMAND. Learn just like the Pros. (800) 776-2665; Dogwise.com

SHIRLEY SCOTT – Internationally known Animal Communicator & Clairvoyant connects with your pets here or in spirit. She reads emotional/ behavior/health problems, provides classes & workshops in animal communication & training.

(541) 577-3051; sscott@shirley-scott.com; www.shirley-scott.com Associations

INTERNATIONAL ASS’N OF ANIMAL MASSAGE & BODYWORK/ASS’N OF CANINE WATER THERAPY – Welcome trained practitioners of Animal Massage and Bodywork.

The IAAMB/ACWT supports and promotes the practitioners of complementary care for animals through networking, continuing education, website, online referrals, newsletters, insurance, annual educational conferences, lobbying and credentialing of schools. www.IAAMB.org

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Animal Wellness

Holistic Veterinarians

EAST YORK ANIMAL CLINIC HOLISTIC CENTRE – Dr. Paul McCutcheon, Dr. Cindy Kneebone & Dr. Candice Chiu. The first and oldest integrative veterinary clinic in Ontario with over fifty years of service to the community and our collective veterinarian experience of 95 years. We provide a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic methods utilizing the latest research in integrative medicine. Please visit our website to explore our services. www.eastyorkanimalclinic.com, eyac@holisticpetvet.com; (416) 757-3569; 805 O’Connor Drive, Toronto, ON, M4B 2S7 GUELPH ANIMAL HOSPITAL – Offers a full range of conventional veterinary services as well as acupuncture, chiropractic, massage, herbal and nutritional. Dr. Rob Butler is certified in Veterinary Acupuncture and is also trained in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. Dr. Smolkin is certified in Animal Chiropractic. By integrating conventional and complementary therapies, treatments can be tailored to the individual’s needs and preferences. Contact Guelph Animal Hospital at (519) 836-2781 or www.guelphvet.com

MAIN STREET VETERINARY SERVICES – Our mission is to help guide our animal companions to better health naturally. We provide a variety of veterinary medical services for pets from conventional services to holistic services such as chiropractic or acupuncture care. Our commitment to our patients, high quality customized medicine and customer service will be evident in all that we do. 2360 Main Street, London, ON N6P 1P9. (519) 203-2000; www.mainstreetvetservices.ca/ Schools & Training

PETMASSAGE (FOR DOGS) TRAINING AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE – “Remove Disease from Your Pet’s Body Using Only Your Hands.” Skype and written interview: Jonathan Rudinger with Dr. Karen Becker – Dr. Mercola’s August 2014 Healthy Pets Newsletter: Link on homepage of www.petmassage.com WALKS ‘N’ WAGS PET FIRST AID – National Leaders in Pet First Aid Certification Courses for dogs and cats. Learn preventative skills and practice emergency bandaging with live wiggly pets. Distance Learning also available. www.walksnwags.com or (800) 298-1152

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EVENTS Total Health Expo April 12–14, 2019 – Toronto, ON

Canadian Pet Expo April 19–21, 2019 – Toronto, ON

14th Annual Alive! Expo May 18–19, 2019 – Atlanta, GA

Total Health 2019, our nation's premier national health show, will celebrate 42 years of striving to make a difference in the world, bringing cutting-edge knowledge to the public by the leading innovators in the natural health field.

The Canadian Pet Expo is a world-class pet show that promotes responsible pet ownership and celebrates all types of pets from all walks of life. This show features hundreds of vendors as well as interactive events, demonstrations, workshops and renowned speakers.

Every year Alive! Expo brings together local and national companies that specialize in natural and organic products and foods. You will find alternative practitioners as well as many great retailers showcasing their products including eco-friendly products for the home, pets and the whole family.

Whether it is entertainment, education or other opportunities you are seeking, there is something for everyone at this show.

Alive! Expo is "The Natural Products & Green Living" consumer event and is a fun and exciting weekend for the entire family.

For more information: www.canadianpetexpo.ca

For more information: www.aliveexpo.com

Healing Touch for Animals® Level 1 Course April 26–28, 2019 – Chicago, IL

Dallas Pet Expo May 18–19, 2019 – Dallas, TX

Introduction to Healing Touch: Friday / 6:00pm – 10:00pm This class is a prerequisite of the Small Animal Class.

You will find tons of exhibitors and demonstrations as well as free nail trims. There will be prize giveaways and live entertainment. You can adopt from one of the many rescue groups and also learn about pet care, volunteerism, grooming, training and much more!

Our speakers will focus on creating good health and preventing disease using natural methods: good nutrition, living foods, herbs, natural supplements, diverse healing modalities, energy medicine, organic gardening, traditional farming, healthy homes, and renewable energy sources and preserving a healthy environment for our children. We as consumers must choose foods and medicines which do no harm to people, animals or our planet.

For more information: (877) 389-0996 www.totalhealthshow.com Vancouver Island Pet Expo April 14–15, 2019 – Victoria, BC

Small Animal Class: Saturday / 9:00am – 6:00pm This class is a prerequisite of the Large Animal Class.

Vancouver Island Pet Expo is the only show of its kind and is designed to educate and entertain the public about the wonderful world of pets! This Expo is a family-oriented show where you have the opportunity to see a wide variety of animals up close, experience talented pets during presentations and learn everything you need to know about your pet. Find booths full of pet products, service providers, entertainers, trusted pet experts, as well as clubs and organizations that cater to pets.

Large Animal Class: Sunday / 9:00am – 6:00pm This class is required in order to apply to become a Healing Touch for Animals® Certified Practitioner. Working with the horses' large energy systems benefits students with greater energetic awareness and well-rounded experience.

For more information: info@pvevents.ca www.vancouverislandpetexpo.com

For more information: (847) 373-9255 Chicago@HealingTouchforAnimals.com www.healingtouchforanimals.com

Animal Care Expo 2019 April 15–18, 2019 – New Orleans, LA This expo is the largest international education conference in the fields of animal care, control, rescue and emergency services. The Expo offers an opportunity to learn new skills and strategies, and network with more than 2,500 animal care experts, professionals, and newcomers from around the world.

This expo also offers intensive daylong certificate courses and over 55 professional development workshops. You will also find an extensive exhibit hall with more than 150 booths providing all the latest products and services!

For more information: (800) 248-EXPO expo@humanesociety.org www.animalsheltering.org/expo

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Animal Wellness

Registrations and payments in full must be received and/or postmarked by March 31, 2019, to qualify for the Early Bird Tuition prices.

Calgary Pet Expo April 27–28, 2019 – Calgary, AB Join us for two days where you will find hundreds of pets, pet products, service providers, entertainers, clubs and organizations that cater to pets. This pet expo strives to include all types of pets; anything from dogs and cats, to reptiles and other small caged exotics.

Be sure to check out other Amazing Pet Expo events all year round at www.amazingpetexpos.com For more information: (800) 977-3609 www.dallaspetexpo.com 16th Annual Woofstock May 25–26, 2019 – Toronto, ON Woofstock is, without question, the largest outdoor festival for dogs in all of North America. This world-famous festival draws vendors from across Canada and the US. There isn’t a toy, fashion line, accessory, and type of treat or exclusive service for dogs that you can’t find at Woofstock.

Quirky and fun, Summer Woofstock is free, the non-stop twoday party taking place at Woodbine Park in Toronto Beaches, the City’s most dog “Paws-itive” neighbourhood!

For more information: info@woofstock.com www.woofstock.ca

All of these animals can be seen on-site during the show for you to interact with!

SuperZoo 2019 August 20–22, 2019 – Las Vegas, NV

For more information: (855) 723-1156 http://calgarypetexpo.com/

SuperZoo is the pet industry’s leading place for business with a combination of fun and function. No wonder pet professionals love it! Come out this year to network, expand your customer base and improve your sales.

For more information: info@wpamail.org www.superzoo.org

Email your event to: info@animalwellnessmagazine.com

MUST READS

Title: Second-Chance Dogs Author: Callie Smith Grant It’s hard to resist a heartwarming story about a rescue dog. If you’re a sucker for these types of tales, you’ll love Callie Smith Grant’s Second-Chance Dogs. Within the pages of this treasured collection are 30 non-fiction accounts of rescue dogs and their humans.

Featuring moving family tales, stories of canine bravery, and everything in between, the book stars a variety of four-legged protagonists, all with one thing in common – a second chance at life.

Callie’s stories manage to be both ordinary and captivating, proving that dogs make the perfect protagonists. Readers can’t help but fall in love with the joy and purpose they bring to their humans’ lives, and the gratitude they seem to emit. Second-Chance Dogs certainly begs the question, “Who rescues who?”, and leaves readers wanting to head to their nearest shelter to donate, volunteer, or bring home a canine companion of their own.

Already have a rescue pup in your life? This feel-good read will inspire you to be an even better dog parent. So give it a read, then give your pup a hug!

Publisher: Revell

Title: In Dog We Trust Author: Beth Kendrick Small town girl Jocelyn Hilliard is used to spending her days modestly, running a laundry service with her mom in a quaint little seaside town in Delaware. But then she saves a dog from the middle of the road. Her act of heroism lands her a new job caring for elite show dogs belonging to an upper class family. They have money Jocelyn can only dream of…until she unexpectedly becomes the heir to it all, including the dogs.

In her delightfully charming new book, In Dog We Trust, author Beth Kendrick explores themes of wealth, happiness and the power of unconditional friendship. Her witty sense of humor guides readers down a path of self-discovery alongside the relatable protagonist and her pack of four-legged friends, and has you smiling until the very last page. To all animal lovers out there looking for an uplifting book to add to your spring reading list – this one’s for you.

Publisher: Penguin Random House

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MUST READS

Title: Energy Medicine for Animals Author: Diane Budd Energy medicine offers a host of benefits to our animal companions. From chakra balancing to healing touch, these alternative therapies are based on the concept that energy imbalances cause “dis-ease” and need to be adjusted in order to promote optimum health. In her new handbook, Energy Medicine for Animals, animal communicator and healer Diane Budd reveals how pet parents and health practitioners can work with animals’ energy fields, auras and chakras, and how such work offers a natural effective approach to common ailments.

Within the colorful pages of her guide, Diane illustrates what happens in the energy fields of humans and animals and how a deeper knowledge of these systems can help them heal. She describes in detail the use of healing tools and practices, and shares an abundance of incredible animal communication stories from her own practice. Readers will learn the different types of animal auras and personalities, and learn how to draw on the power of energy work to connect with pets telepathically. Including ground-breaking research on animal energy fields, Energy Medicine for Animals is the gateway to a new area of health and wellness for our four-legged companions.

Publisher: Findhorn Press

Title: Kyra’s Canine Conditioning Author: Kyra Sundance Does your dog need more physical activity?

Good news! Longer walks aren’t the only solution. Canine fitness expert Kyra Sundance has written a new book that offers pet parents all the skills they need to develop a fun and effective fitness plan for their pups.

Designed to build on important life skills such as confidence, strength, coordination and mental focus, Kyra’s Canine Conditioning is an interactive volume of games and exercises for a healthier happier dog.

Kyra’s motto is "Do more with your dog!" She believes that integrating your dog into your life through sports, tricks and companionship helps him develop the physical foundation he needs to be a more contented pooch.

Whether you share your life with a puppy or a senior, the games found in Kyra’s Canine Conditioning are sure to challenge his body and mind, and help the two of you develop a deeper, more rewarding bond. Great for fitness experts and inexperienced pet parents alike, this book teaches you how to evaluate your dog’s physiology, stretch and condition his body, and understand your role as his coach and companion.

Publisher: Quarto Group

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FELINE

Hip, cool and healthy!

WELLNESS HOW TO

FIGHT FLEAS SAFELY & NATURALLY

FOODS

THAT MAKE

AWESOME CAT TREATS

IS SHE ALLERGIC TO HER LITTER?

CAT CHAT Feline Wellness

89

HEALTHY CHOICES

Is your cat

ALLERGIC TO HIS LITTER? WITH THE EVER-EXPANDING VARIETY OF CAT LITTERS ON THE MARKET, IT’S POSSIBLE YOUR CAT MAY BE ALLERGIC TO SOME OF THEM. LEARN WHAT TO WATCH FOR, AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT IT.

By Layla Morgan Wilde

Cat litter has come a long way since it was first invented in 1947. For decades, people relied on variations of a granular clay-based litter. Today, cat litter comprises a growing industry that’s estimated to hit $4 billion in 2020 and has sprouted a dizzying selection of litter choices. Given the wide variety of products on the market (see sidebar on next page), it’s not surprising that some can cause health issues in certain cats – including allergies. Here’s how to find out if your cat might be allergic to his litter, and how to help him.

immune-compromised cats (i.e. FIV+).

Brachycephalic or flat-nosed breeds such as the Persian, Himalayan and Scottish fold are also more sensitive to respiratory conditions. Cats that suffer from other allergies are more likely to develop litter allergies.

Litter dust can cause sinus or respiratory flare-ups in both people and cats. While humans can wear masks while cleaning out litter boxes, cats can’t. Remember also that a cat’s nose is only about 8” from the ground, so he gets much closer to his litter than you do.

IS MY CAT LIKELY TO DEVELOP A LITTER ALLERGY?

LITTER ALLERGY SYMPTOMS

A healthy adult cat is less prone to litter allergies. The most vulnerable populations are kittens, seniors and

While these symptoms can be caused by many different allergens, litter may be the culprit if you can’t find any other cause.

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Feline Wellness

Physical symptoms • Sneezing, coughing, wheezing, runny eyes or nose.

• Vomiting or diarrhea.

• Sudden swelling of the face from anaphylactic shock (a rare but lifethreatening allergic reaction that restricts air flow and respiration).

Contact a vet immediately.

Behavioral symptoms • Excess licking or grooming in response to itching. Over-grooming can lead to missing fur or bald patches.

• Increased chewing, scratching or biting while grooming.

• Increased scratching around the ears, or ear infection.

• Failure to use the litter box, soiling outside the box or elsewhere.

If you suspect a litter allergy, try switching to another product. If symptoms persist, take your cat to the vet. Allergies to cat litter may be diagnosed through blood or intradermal testing.

8 WAYS TO HELP PREVENT LITTER ALLERGIES

1

Use a hypoallergenic litter. Traditional non-clumping cat litters tend to be dusty, stirring up clouds of airborne particles when poured from the container, or when a cat is digging in the litter box. Even litters advertised as “dust free” aren’t 100% free of dust.

Read labels and ingredient lists, but keep in mind that some formulas are proprietary and there is no current legislation mandating a complete ingredient list.

Strongly-scented litters with chemical fragrances are possible allergens.

Even natural scents from essential oils are not always good for cats – not because of the oils themselves, but because of their quality. It would not be cost-effective for manufacturers to use therapeutic or food-grade quality essential oils in their litter products.

2

Switch your cat’s litter, gradually phasing out the old with the new over the course of a few days. Cats don’t appreciate sudden changes. If your cat has an allergy, it may take two weeks to notice a difference.

3

Scoop the litter box daily to keep it as clean as possible. Because many formulas promise an odor-free home for up to ten days, some consumers think this means they don’t have to clean the box every day. But poop is poop. It can be covered by litter but it won’t vanish without scooping. Not all cats like to cover their poop, and if litter isn’t scooped often it becomes both unsightly and unhygienic. It’s also

important to regularly wash the litter box down to minimize dust allergens.

4 5

Bathe your cat regularly, or wipe his fur to remove any litter dust or bits lodged between his toes.

Most cats like privacy when doing their litter box business, but discreetly monitor him for any sneezing or coughing.

6 7 8

Keep your home clean, well-dusted and vacuumed. Clean the litter box area, bedding, toys and other objects to minimize the effects of litter dust.

Use a litter mat to reduce tracking to the rest of the house.

Use an air purifier near the litter box – not a chemical spray or plug-in deodorizer, but an enzymatic odor neutralizer.

Find a roomy, uncovered litter box your cat likes and place it in a ventilated area that’s also quiet, lowtraffic and easy to access.

In trying to determine the source of your cat’s allergies, you may not have considered his litter. But you may find that switching to another product, and/ or taking steps to minimize litter dust, will do the trick.

Cat litter

– a smorgasbord of substrates Along with every kind of clay you can imagine – scooping, lightweight, low tracking, fine or chunky granules – you can now buy cat litters made from silica gel, grain (e.g. wheat, corn), nuts, peanuts, coconut husks, green tea, recycled newsprint, and wood (e.g. pine sawdust, hinoki, cassava).

This growing variety of litter types speaks to consumer needs, since litter box issues are the number one reason cats are surrendered to shelters.

But it’s important to choose the right litter for your cat, since each feline is an individual, and what might work for one kitty might not for another.

This is especially true when it comes to allergies.

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www.lilbub.com

CAT CHAT CAT CONVENTION RETURNS FOR A SECOND YEAR

Headliners include “Kitten Lady” Hannah Shaw, an award-winning animal advocate, humane educator and professional kitten rescuer. On Sunday, Lil Bub will take the stage to host his celebrated talk show Lil Bub’s Big SHOW, featuring some special surprise guests. Besides being a talk show host, this famous feline is a published author, the star of an award-winning documentary, creator of Lil BUB's BIG Fund for the ASPCA (the first national fund for special needs pets), and has helped raise over $600,000 for animals in need. He’s also one of many celebrity kitties to star on the cover of Feline Wellness!

Photo courtesy of Mike Bridavsk y,

Looking for a feline-centered event to attend this spring?

The Catsbury Park Cat Convention (CPCC) is back for its second year on April 13 and 14 in Asbury Park, New Jersey.

The event features both feline and human celebrities, along with a variety of organizations that work hard to improve the lives of cats.

Lil Bub is just one of the many noteworthy names appearing at this year's Catsbury Park Cat Convention.

CPCC also promises plenty of games, activities, art displays, presentations and seminars, comedians, tasty vegetarian food, vendors – and, of course, adoptable cats! The goal of the convention is to find forever homes for these lovely felines, and educate attendants on topics such as rescue, kitten care, TNR (Trap-Neuter-Return) and more. catsburyconvention.com

CLEVER INVENTION SAVES BIRDS FROM FELINE PREDATORS

It’s estimated that over a billion birds are killed by cats every year. Troubled by this number – and by the large number of birds her own feline, George, was bringing home – avid birder Nancy Brennan decided to do something about it. In 2008, after George showed up dragging a ruffed grouse, she began brainstorming ways to protect winged wildlife without locking up her furry friend, who’d grown accustomed to playing outdoors.

Remembering that it’s easy for birds to spot bright colors, Brennan grabbed the brightest-colored fabric she could find, and crafted a unique new collar for George. After a week of wearing this scrunchie-like garment, George didn’t bring home any birds. A short while later, when Brennan knew her invention was a success, she began selling her Birdsbesafe® collar to other cat parents.

In 2015, ornithologist and St. Lawrence University professor, S.K. Willson, decided to test the Birdsbesafe. Over the course of 12 weeks, she was able to prove that cats wearing this collar killed 19 times fewer birds than those that did not. Wilson’s study was published in the Global Ecology and Conservation Journal. birdsbesafe.com

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Feline Wellness

Fleas

By Sally E. Bahner

ON YOUR FELINE? BEFORE YOU REACH FOR THE CHEMICALS, GIVE THESE MORE NATURAL FLEA REMEDIES A TRY.

If your cat is scratching more than usual, chances are she has fleas. To double check, place her on a paper towel and comb through her fur. If you don’t see any fleas right away, you’ll see black specks that turn pinkish-red when hit with a drop of water – that’s flea excrement and the red color is blood from its host – your cat. Luckily, there are lots of things you can do to get rid of fleas without resorting to harsh chemicals that can harm your kitty. Let’s take a look at some alternative ways to nix your cat’s fleas.

GETTING STARTED Begin by filling a cup with soapy water, dip your cat’s flea comb in it, and start combing through her fur, drowning any fleas you find. Be sure to use a gentle soap that won’t irritate your cat’s skin. Another option is an apple cider vinegar rinse used in conjunction with a mild shampoo.

Next, make a plan of attack, keeping in mind the four stages of a flea’s life cycle: eggs, larve, pupae, adult. According to everydayroots.com, these stages break down as follows: 50% eggs, 35% larvae, 10% pupae, 5% adults. In other words, that flea you see burrowing in your cat’s fur is just the tip of the iceberg, so treatment must combat all life stages of the Feline Wellness

93

flea, and include not only the cat, but both the indoor and outdoor environment. And with spring on the doorstep, this is the time to start.

FOCUS ON HER OVERALL HEALTH

Using essential oils to repel cat fleas Many essential oils are taboo for cats because their quality is questionable. Low end products are often adulterated and contain harmful toxins.

The simplest step you can take to help combat fleas is to concentrate on the overall health of your cat by feeding her a high quality, additive-free, speciesappropriate diet. Cats are obligate carnivores and require a whole meat-based diet for optimum health.

Veterinarian Dr. Jean Hofve suggests supplementing with antioxidants and Omega 3 fatty acids. A healthy cat with a good immune system is less likely to develop skin problems when afflicted with fleas.

NON-TOXIC FLEA CONTROL METHODS If you are going to use essential oils to help repel your cat’s fleas, be sure to use only the purest, highest quality oils. Also, keep in mind that more is not better (for details on safely using essential oils with cats, see AW V20I1).

Too high a dose, or the use of cheap oils, can result in adverse reactions such as drooling, vomiting, tremors or respiratory distress.

• Lavender is one of the most popular essential oils for repelling fleas. Used correctly, it can also help soothe skin irritation and calm a stressed cat.

• Cedarwood has been used for centuries as a natural insecticide, and can help keep fleas and other bugs away.

• Lemongrass (not to be confused with lemon oil) is another choide. Its citrusy scent is repellent to fleas.

• Geranium is another flea-repelling oil that can be used with felines.

• Neem-based products are another option recommended by Dr. Hofve. Neem can be used as a leaf tea and an oil-based shampoo. It’s said to lower a cat’s sensitivity to environmental stressors and boosts the immune system.

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When dealing with the fleas themselves, veterinarian Dr. Richard Pitcairn recommends starting with the least toxic and least invasive methods of control.

Here are some excellent strategies: • Wash all bedding in hot water.

• Vacuum thoroughly, and do it every day during peak infestation – carpeting and upholstered furniture are perfect incubators for flea eggs and larvae. Pay attention to cracks and crevices where the floors meet the walls. Discard the vacuum bag – outside the house – when you’re done.

• Try a soapy water flea trap – a bowl of dish soap under a nightlight. Check and replace as needed.

• Diatomaceous earth can be dusted in hard-toreach interior locations, and outside around the foundation of the house. It works by slicing the exoskeleton of the flea, causing death by dehydration. Use food grade diatomaceous earth, and avoid inhalation.

• Beneficial nematodes can be deployed around the foundation of the house where they can feast on flea larvae. Be sure to use a product marketed for flea and pest control in gardens. Dr. Hofve adds that ladybugs and praying mantises should also be encouraged.

• Keep in mind that indoor cats are less likely to get fleas because they aren’t coming into contact with other animals. If your cat likes spending time outside, try to keep her confined to your yard with a cat enclosure, or by training her to walk on a harness.

Getting rid of your cat’s fleas entails a holistic approach that takes everything from her diet to her environment into consideration. With persistence, it pays off!

PURRFECT READS

Title: 77 Things to Know Before Getting a Cat Author: Susan M. Ewing If you’re thinking of inviting a new feline friend into your home, it’s important to educate yourself on the ins and outs of cat care before making the commitment. Not sure where to begin? Susan Ewing’s new book, 77 Things to Know Before Getting a Cat, is the essential guide to preparing your family and home for a new feline companion.

Throughout this colorful volume, Susan provides advice on selecting a kitten or adult cat based on your lifestyle, and outlines the supplies you’ll need to buy before he arrives. She helps you decide whether to find a responsible breeder or visit your local shelter, walks you through the first few days with your furry friend, and offers tips and tricks to help you through all his life stages. Bright visuals make this comprehensive guide a fun easy read, so you can prepare in the most stress-free way possible.

Susan is the president of the Cat Writers’ Association, and writes a bi-weekly pet column for The Post-Journal of Jamestown in New York. Now, her years of knowledge and experience are available in a bookstore near you!

Publisher: Revell

Title: The Travelling Cat Chronicles Author: Hiro Arikawa, translated by Philip Gabriel A happy story with a sad beginning, The Travelling Cat Chronicles is charming readers worldwide.

When a stray cat is hit by a car in Tokyo, a young man named Satoru takes him in. He names the cat Nana, and soon the two are inseparable. Told through the eyes of the feline, this international bestseller offers a unique viewpoint on Japanese culture, and a profound lesson on the true meaning of love and loyalty.

As the narrative unfolds, it’s revealed that the crooked shape of Nana’s tail is considered lucky.

This makes him the perfect companion for Satoru, who decides to bring Nana with him on a road trip across the country. The purpose of their journey? To rehome Nana with one of Satoru’s childhood friends. During the trip, their connection deepens, reminding readers of the complexity of the humananimal bond. Despite its simple, feline-narrated prose, this book is both insightful and important – and it’ll keep you engaged until the very last page.

Publisher: Berkley

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NUTRITION FACTS

cat treats

By Ann Brightman

Your fridge and pantry are a rich source of treats you can share with your cat. Just be sure to make healthy choices.

Thanks to a growing number of natural nutritious cat treats on the market, there’s lots to choose from when you want to give your feline friend something special. But you can broaden the choices even more by giving your cat whole foods from your own kitchen.

Let’s take a look at what’s healthy and safe – and what’s not – when it comes to serving your own cat treats.

MEATS FOR TREATS Cats are obligate carnivores, which means they need meat in order to stay

healthy. Your cat should already be eating a high quality whole meat-based diet, but when it’s time for a treat, you can supplement that diet with some extra meaty tidbits from your own fridge or freezer. Here are some tips to keep in mind when deciding what to give him.

Small pieces of cooked chicken, turkey, beef, venison or fish make excellent cat treats. Be sure to trim the fat from meat or poultry, and make absolutely sure it’s free of cooked bones; they’re sharp and splinter easily.

Raw meat and poultry tidbits are another alternative, although some people may prefer not to use raw meat for treats due to the hand-washing and cleanup required after handling it. Again, trim away excess fat.

Small raw bones are another great cat treat, but it’s important to give your kitty the right kind. The soft bones from a tin of salmon are a good choice.

Raw chicken necks are another option, and some people also give their cats raw chicken wings. These not only make delectable treats for most cats, but they

TREAT IDEAS THAT AREN’T GOOD FOR KITTIES Keep in mind that the things we typically consider treats – such as candy, potato chips and baked goods – are a no-no for your cat. They’re too high in carbs, fat, sugar and salt.

Do not give your cat processed meats such as hot dogs, deli meats or tinned meats. These products contain preservatives, such as sodium nitrate, that are not good for your cat, and they’re also usually loaded with salt.

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Avoid grapes and raisins, as well as onions and chocolate. Although the jury is still out on whether these foods are as toxic to cats as they are to dogs, it’s best to err on the side of caution and not give them to your kitty.

Don’t give your cat foods like crackers or bits of bread.

They’re high in carbs and can lead to weight gain.

also help keep their teeth and gums in good health. It’s a good idea to supervise your cat when he’s eating necks and wings.

A bit of tinned fish makes a good treat as long as it’s packed in water and doesn’t contain additives – look for products that are free of added salt.

OTHER TREAT IDEAS Meat, fish and poultry aren’t the only treats you can give your cat. Most felines love cheese, for example. Just don’t go overboard with it, since some cats react with diarrhea to dairy products. However, a small morsel of cheddar or a spoonful of cottage cheese make a tasty occasional treat for your feline friend.

Hard-boiled eggs are another source of protein that make a nice cat treat now and then. Cool the egg, and mash or cut it up as if you were going to make egg salad. Just don’t add any extra ingredients. Plain egg is best for your cat. If you wish, you can just give your cat the yolk.

Unlike dogs, many cats turn up their noses at vegetables and fruit – although others don’t.

Cats that are raised from kittens to eat a variety of foods will often enjoy a piece of banana, watermelon or cantaloupe, or a cooked baby carrot, green bean or broccoli floret.

Healthy whole-food treats from your own kitchen add variety and flavor to your cat’s diet, while giving him a boost of extra nutrition!

DON’T OVERDO THE TREATS! Remember that treats are just that – treats. They shouldn’t be provided on a continual basis, nor should be they used to replace your cat’s regular meals. As with people, too many treats can cause weight gain, especially among indoor cats that lead more sedentary lives.

Treats are best used as rewards when your cat does something that pleases you (e.g. uses his scratching post instead of your sofa). Alternatively, set aside one time during the day to give your cat a treat – it could be first thing in the morning, just before bed, or halfway through the afternoon. The key words are “one time” – don’t be giving your cat treats every few hours, no matter how irresistible he is!

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DOGS EASE STUDENT

EXAM STRESS Every spring, students everywhere are riddled with pre-exam jitters. To help them overcome their anxiety, Saint Leo University has brought in a group of lovable therapy dogs as part of an ongoing initiative. The school’s counseling services offer Puppies and Pizza twice a semester – once just before midterms, and again just before finals week.

Photo courtesy of Saint Leo University

“We do this for multiple reasons, including outreach, prevention and stress reduction,” said Tiffany Nelson, prevention counselor. “We know that the times around midterms and finals can be very stressful for students, and for this reason, we want to reach out to them in unique ways to meet their needs. Puppies and Pizza is a way to offer the stress-reducing effects of therapy animals to students.”

Mandy, owned by Lois and Chuck Sahm, is one of the dogs helping students at Saint Leo University combat exam stress.

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According to Tiffany, one of the program’s biggest benefits is that it encourages students to put down their phones and relax in the moment with the dogs. On top of instilling a sense of mindfulness, pet therapy has also been shown to lower blood pressure, dampen depression and anxiety, and increase socialization. “So many students tell us they miss their pets back home,” Tiffany adds, “and they love the event because of that.” saintleo.edu

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