Canadian Dogs Annual 2022 by Redstone Media Group

CONTENTS

ANNU AL 2 0 22

36 Lifestyle

Health

10 Puppy milestones

14 6 safety tips for dog toys

26 6 pet-friendly home design tips

enrichment — why it’s 16 Msoental important for your dog

Here are some significant milestones to track as your puppy grows!

Create a home you love with your four-legged friend in mind.

32 Is your dog a good workout partner? Exercising with your dog is a great way to bond — just be sure to take his abilities and safety into account.

36 Compassionate dog grooming

An inside look at this trending term and what it’s all about.

50 S afety tips for water-loving dogs

Follow this advice to help ensure your aquatic pooch stays safe and healthy.

66 Pet theft

There’s lots you can do to protect your dog from being stolen.

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Guard against accidental injury during playtime with these toy safety tips.

How and why to introduce more variety and fun into your pup’s life.

46 C an I give human medications to my dog? What you need to know about human drugs and their effects on dogs.

68 T he annual veterinary exam — what it should include

A look at what her yearly checkup should entail.

74 T op 7 ways to naturally boost your dog’s immune system

Healthy immunity is one of the foundations of wellness for your dog!

Departments 8 Editorial 79 Breed Directory —

The Groups, Purebreds, Rare Breeds

146 Spotlight 156 Marketplace 162 Spot the

145 Dog Speak

differences

Nutrition 20 U nderstanding pet food labels

Learn to understand ingredient lists and terminology.

Why your dog should eat fruits and veggies

Offering him fruits and veggies can support his health and well-being!

34 H ow to keep your dog hydrated

Follow these tips to ensure your dog is getting enough water.

40 B oost your dog’s nutrition with this tasty topper

This simple recipe will help you make sure he’s getting enough taurine!

58 H ome-preparing food for your dog — what you need to know

These key points about canine nutrition will help you make sure his diet is well-balanced.

72 H ow to make the perfect

doggy charcuterie board

Date night with your dog? Here’s something you can both enjoy!

Dog-human Interest

71 I s sleeping next to your dog good for you? Snuggling up next to your pup is more beneficial than you might think.

76 D oes your dog understand mathematics?

Dogs have quite a bit in common with us when it comes to quantitative thinking.

Training & Behaviour 22 N ew research reveals where dogs feel most comfortable in cars

Do dogs prefer shotgun? Here’s what new findings reveal!

39 How does your dog’s brain process what you say?

Learn what’s going on in your dog’s mind when you talk to him.

42 Training your dog — it’s about more than obedience

Why a science-based positive training approach works best!

54 W hat does your dog’s wagging tail really mean?

Learn how to read your canine companion’s “tail language”.

solutions for excessive barking

Discover why your pooch is too “talkative” and learn how to curb her behaviour!

Social Media Tips, contests and more! CanadianDogs

News, events, and tips! @CdnDogs

Tips, pet photos, and more! canadiandogsannual

Crafts, laughs, and more! canadiandogs

24 1 0 ways your dog says “I love you”

A few surefire signs your dog would say “I love you” if she could speak.

48 C racking the case with Rex, of TV’s Hudson and Rex

Meet Rex — the canine star of this Canadian series.

56 How dogs benefit our lives What does research say about the advantages of being a dog parent?

64 H ow smart is your dog? Prove it by testing his IQ!

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ANNU AL 2 0 22

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

ADMINISTRATION

C.C.O. & Editor-in-Chief: Dana Cox Senior Editor: Ann Brightman Associate Editor: Emily Watson Design Manager: Dawn Cumby-Dallin Senior Graphic Designer: Alyssa Dow Junior Graphic Designer: Ethan Vorstenbosch Freelance Designer: Kathleen Atkinson Freelance Designer: Jackie Shipley Breed Ambassador Photography: Alice Van Kempen Social Media Manager: Brittny Belnavis Cover Photography: Dora Zett Photography: Dana Cox

President/CEO: Tim Hockley Operations Director: Libby Sinden Finance Administrator: Donna Bailey

CONTRIBUTING WRITERS

Becky Starr, 1.866.764.1212 ext. 221 Becky@RedstoneMediaGroup.com

Karen Elizabeth Baril Dr. Suzi Beber, Honoris causa Ann Brightman Stanley Coren, PhD Tess Faulk Andrea Gronwald Jodie Gruenstern, DVM, CVA Stephanie Horan Junior Hudson Karina Lameraner Katie Kangas, DVM, CVA, CVCP Brian Marshall Shawn Messonnier, DVM Jared Mitchell, DVM, CVMA Judy Morgan, DVM, CVA, CVCP, CVFT Erin Mullin Sandra Murphy Laurie Riihimaki Victoria Stilwell Emily Watson Tonya Wilhelm Emma Williams

Webmaster: Lace Insom

ADVERTISING SALES

National Sales Manager: Tim Hockley, 1.866.764.1212 ext. 110 Tim@RedstoneMediaGroup.com Display and Marketplace: Kat Shaw, 1.866.764.1212 ext. 315 KatShaw@RedstoneMediaGroup.com

Breeder Sales: Libby Sinden 1.866.764.1212 ext. 114 Libby@RedstoneMediaGroup.com

On the cover Since the 1600s, Border Collies have been prized for their keen eyes. And based on his intent gaze, this cutie is no exception! One look at this pup and it’s clear he’s eager to please – another trademark of his breed. Intelligent and always “at the ready”, Border Collies thrive when they’re mentally stimulated. In fact, as many lovers of the breed can attest, Border Collies that aren’t given a job will often take it upon themselves to find one! Needless to say, their energetic spirit is what makes them so irresistible…just like this good boy!

SUBMISSIONS: Please send all editorial material, advertising material, photos and correspondence to: Canadian Dogs Annual, 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8. We welcome previously unpublished articles and digital colour pictures at 300dpi. We cannot guarantee that either articles or pictures will be used or that they will be returned. We reserve the right to publish all letters received. Email your articles to: info@ redstonemediagroup.com.

The material in this magazine is not intended to replace the care of veterinary practitioners. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the editor, and different views may appear in other issues. Redstone Media Group Inc., publisher of Canadian Dogs Annual, does not promote any of the products or services advertised by a third party advertiser in this publication, nor does Redstone Media Group Inc. verify the accuracy of any claims made in connection with such advertisers.

TO PURCHASE: Copies can be purchased at most major retail outlets across Canada or online at CanadianDOGS.com/order.

Canadian Dogs Annual is published once a year by Redstone Media Group Inc. Entire contents copyright© 2021. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Publication date: November 2021.

CDN MAIL: Canadian Dogs Annual 160 Charlotte St., Suite 202 Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 2T8

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Canadian Dogs Annual is a division of Redstone Media Group.

EDITORIAL Adventures in

Babysitting I’ve always loved dogs. But I didn’t know too much about the different breeds until I started babysitting at the tender age of 13. It seemed most of the families I worked for had a dog, and while the parents always gave me a rundown on the kids and their schedules as soon as I arrived, they rarely told me anything about the dogs beyond their names. Of course, I would soon find out for myself what made these four-legged family members tick. Needless to say, there were many adventures along the way! First, there was Mr. and Mrs. P., who asked me to babysit their seven-month-old daughter. Everything was going great until a Girl Guide knocked on the door. I carefully opened it to ask if she and her cookies could come back later when suddenly Bob, their Beagle, burst by me, pushed open the door, and dashed off down the street. I was panic-stricken. I hurriedly bundled the baby into the stroller, grabbed a leash, and ran off after him. It took me over an hour to catch Bob; every time I got close, he would pick up some other scent on the breeze and off he’d go. When Mr. and Mrs. P. arrived home a couple hours later, I admitted what happened, and they started laughing. “Oh, Bob does that sometimes.” said Mr. P., “but he always comes home a couple hours later.” Another time, I was babysitting for a family who had the most gorgeous fluffy white dog. Nishka was a Samoyed, they told me. Later, when the kids were in bed, I opened the door to let Nishka out into the fenced yard to do her business. It was a cold, wintry night, with a good foot of snow on the ground, so imagine my dismay when Nishka refused to come back in. I spent the next 45 minutes trying to coax, plead and chase her back into the house. None of it worked and I watched in horror as she finally moved to the centre of the yard, circled a few times and lay down. The falling snow soon covered her and, having no experience with cold-weather breeds, I thought she was a goner. When the Clarks arrived home a couple hours later, I wasn’t sure how to break the news to them. But I didn’t have to, because as soon as she heard the car, Nishka popped up from under her blanket of snow, and came trotting to the door for me to let her in.

Wishing you a lifetime of adventure with your doggie,

DANA COX

Editor-in-chief 8

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

There are so many other stories, including a pool-loving Lab, an Aussie who gently herded me away from the kids at bedtime, and a Maltese who jumped in my lap literally every time I sat down. Whenever we start putting together Canadian Dogs Annual, I can’t help but think it would have made my job a lot easier if I’d had access to the breed histories and personality traits of the dogs I came to know all those decades ago. But then again, where’s the adventure in that?! I hope you enjoy this issue of CDA. We so enjoyed putting it together for you, and I know you’ll find it filled with both helpful, relevant content for the health and longevity of your dog, as well as entertaining, informative content for you!

MILESTONES Puppies! Who doesn’t love ‘em? Those adorable balls of fluff grow and develop amazingly fast in their first few weeks and months. Puppies go through several stages, physically and mentally, before they’re full grown, with some significant milestones to track along the way. BY STEPHANIE HORAN

Birth to

Months

0-2 weeks

Newborn puppies only have the sense of smell and taste.

2-4 weeks

Hearing develops, puppy teeth come in, and eyes open. They begin to walk, wag tails, bark, and play with their siblings.

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

3-12 weeks

Rapid changes occur in these weeks. Puppies will start to eat solid food at around 4 weeks old and should be running and jumping too. They’ll gain full use of their senses by 7 to 9 weeks, and are ready for a new human family at about 8 weeks or so, after their first vet check. They are curious about everything, will develop relationships with their siblings and people, and bite and nip whatever they can reach.

8-12 weeks

Some training can start! Crate training can start at 8 to 10 weeks. Make it a game — toss a toy or some treats inside the crate, leaving the door open so that the puppy can explore inside. When the puppy is inside, close the door, give a treat, and then let her out. Repeat for longer periods and leave the room for a short time before letting her out. Any barking or whining will fade as the puppy matures. Teach bite inhibition, since puppies must learn that biting and nipping on hands and feet is an absolute “no-no”. Begin lead training — start by letting the puppy drag around a lead attached to the collar, then pick it up and encourage the puppy to walk with you. No jumping! Teach the puppy that leaping up on your legs is not allowed. It’s dangerous for children and seniors, annoying for guests, and uncomfortable for you if you get scratched or lose your balance.

8-16 weeks Health checks

Time for the core vaccines — distemper and parvovirus, and later, at 20 to 24 weeks, rabies. Talk to your veterinarian about recommended vaccine protocols. Visit animalwellnessacademy.org for vaccine expert Dr. Jean Dodd’s protocol if you’re looking for an integrative vet’s approach. Some breeds are prone to genetic eye diseases. An eye exam of the puppy by a veterinary ophthalmologist can be done before the puppy goes to his new family. A vet can check for luxating patellas (slipping kneecaps) as early as 8 weeks. Smaller breeds may suffer from this. In certain breeds, heart disease can occur, so breeders will have the puppies checked by a veterinary cardiologist at 8 to 10 weeks before they go to their new families.

3-4 months

Training continues Begin house-training. Take the puppy outside first thing each morning, after a meal, after she wakes up from a nap, and last thing at night. Always take her to the same place, and stay with her outside until she performs. Then give lots of praise! Teach your pup to come when called. Make this fun, with praise and treats to get the puppy to run to you every time he hears his name.

3-6 months

Your puppy will shed the primary teeth. Adult teeth will develop, and everything will be chewed! Puppies will test their boundaries, being stubborn and ignoring you to see what they can get away with.

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6 to

Months

Adolescence begins

Males will have both testicles descended, start to lift their legs to urinate, become less friendly, and might start to show aggression towards other males. Often a young male will ignore commands and become interested in roaming. Females often start their first heat. They can become moody and, occasionally, aggressive. Both sexes might display lack of concentration, refuse to give up a favourite spot like the bed or couch, guard their food, become selectively deaf, as well as destructive, and challenge their pet parents. The guarding breeds may show severe guarding tendencies. These behaviours will diminish, and lots of exercise and consistent training will help the puppy through this confusing time.

12 18 to

Months

A further booster or blood titer test to measure immunity is required. Toy breeds are fully grown by 12 months of age. Medium and larger breeds take longer to reach full growth. Medium sized breeds are fully grown by 15 months. Larger breeds generally reach adult size by 18 months. Some giant breeds such as Mastiffs and St Bernards may continue to grow until they are two years old. Adolescence can also continue in the larger breeds until they are two years old, so be prepared to deal with their often moody and unpredictable behaviour for some time! Consistency and routine will get them safely through it.

Stephanie Horan and her husband Terry got their first Puli in 1969 when they lived in England. They immigrated to Canada in 1974, bringing several Pulis with them. They have been breeding and showing ever since, competing in conformation and obedience in Canada and the U.S., though in recent years, conformation showing has been their main interest. Stephanie, an award-winning writer, lives in Nova Scotia.

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

SAFETY TIPS FOR DOG TOYS

Playing with toys is important to your dog’s well-being and happiness. To guard against accidental injury, follow these six toy safety tips. BY TONYA WILHELM

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

1 2

Think about the toy’s size Look at the size of the toy versus the size of your dog’s mouth. Can he fit the toy completely inside his mouth, making it a choking hazard? Or is the toy so large that your dog strains his jaws to try to get hold of it? Keep in mind, if a dog bites hard on a toy, such as a tennis ball, it will flatten down, which means he could get it inside his mouth. The danger is that the toy may then return to the original size in his mouth.

Look at what the toy is made of

Choosing the safest toy for your dog depends on a few factors, including his personal chewing style, your quality control criteria, and whether or not the toy has any moving parts that might easily be chewed off. Plush toys are great for interactive play such as fetch, “find it”, and tug. When your dog is left alone with these toys, however, they can be quickly chewed apart, leading to the ingestion of squeakers and batting, and an emergency vet visit. Rubber toys tend to be more durable and are a safer option for your dog if he’s unsupervised. Again, this will depend a lot on the size of the toy and your dog’s chewing style.

Let your dog help you choose a new toy Instead of just handing over a new toy, make your dog part of the buying process by taking him to the pet store with you. This will create a fun outing for him, along with a training opportunity, and will also allow him to pick the toy he likes best. Choose a few safe, high quality toys, following the guidelines in this article, place them on the floor in the store, and allow your dog to sniff, investigate, and pick his favourite.

Consider a toy you can Buy toys from fill with snacks or food reputable sources Allowing your dog to work for his food is mentally challenging and a great way to keep him occupied. Some toys are designed to be filled and then frozen, while others are intended for dry food or treats. Again, be sure to pair the toy size with the size of your dog’s mouth. Pay close attention to puzzle toys to ensure your dog can’t remove any pieces and ingest them. And double check that your dog isn’t eating bits of rubber if he’s chewing on a frozen snack toy.

You may want to purchase toys that are made in Canada or the US, and that’s great. However, it’s important to know that the term “made in” simply means the toy and all its parts were assembled in that country. All the raw materials used for the toy could have been sourced from other countries where health and safety standards aren’t as high as they are here. If you want to be sure, contact the manufacturer and ask where the raw materials are sourced.

Determine if the toy is too hard

The toughness of a toy does not equate to safety. It’s best to look for a toy that has some give when your dog bites down on it.

Know when it’s time to toss a toy away Buying high quality dog toys costs more, but they’ll last longer and be less likely to fall apart or cause an injury requiring veterinary attention. Even with the best quality toys, however, the day will come when it’s time to throw them out and replace them. If you see excessive wear and tear on your dog’s toy, or there are bits coming off, it’s best to get rid of it.

Tonya Wilhelm is a dog training and cat care specialist who promotes positive ways to prevent and manage behaviour issues. One of the top ten dog trainers in the US, she has helped thousands build happy relationships with their dogs using humane, positive methods. She wrote Proactive Puppy Care; offers dog training classes; provides training and behaviour services; and does workshops at pet expos (raisingyourpetsnaturally.com).

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M E N TA L E N R I C H M E N T

– W H Y I T ’ S S O I M P O R TA N T F O R YO U R D O G Just like us, dogs can get bored, frustrated, anxious and depressed due to lack of mental stimulation. Here’s why mental enrichment is so important to your dog, and how you can introduce more variety and fun into his life. BY ANDREA GRONWALD

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Following the same routine day in and day out, with few social interactions, leaves many people feeling bored, frustrated, anxious and depressed. Our dogs can feel the same way when they lack social activities, new experiences, an occupation, and the opportunity to engage in normal canine behaviours. In fact, many canine behaviour problems are caused by boredom or a lack of mental stimulation. We now know that mental enrichment is just as important for dogs as physical exercise. Research has shown that increased mental activity results in building confidence, releasing stress, and strengthening your mutual bond. Let’s look at some easy ways to incorporate mental enrichment into your dog’s life.

ADD VARIETY TO YOUR WALKS Dogs are naturally curious and love to explore. Instead of walking around the same block every day, switch it up a bit. Take a new route, visit different parks, or hike new trails so your dog can explore new sights, sounds, and scents. Give him plenty of time to sniff and investigate. This is his way of exploring the world and catching up on the news.

ALLOW SAFE SOCIAL CONTACT Dogs are social animals and should be given the opportunity to meet people, other dogs, and other animals. Allow your dog to be social on walks, even if from a distance. Enroll in a group dog training class or give him the opportunity to play with other dogs. When appropriate, take him with you on errands, when you meet friends, or go to a pet-friendly coffee shop. Of course, for this type of mental enrichment your dog needs to be friendly and enjoy social interactions. Never force him to interact with anyone. If he shows signs of fear or aggression, work on those issues first.

F O R A T R U LY E N R I C H I N G E X P E R I E N C E , KEEP THESE POINTS IN MIND •W hen you introduce your dog to a new mental enrichment game, always start at an easy level and gradually increase the difficulty to avoid frustration. •M ental enrichment has to be positive. Always consider your dog’s individual preferences and capabilities. •M ake sure the activity is appropriate and safe or your dog. •C hange up the activities. Doing the same enrichment activity all the time is no longer considered enrichment. •G reat excitement and scent work often give dogs the urge to use the bathroom. After lots of mental work, give your dog the opportunity to go outside. •B rain work is exhausting. Don’t be surprised if your dog is ready for a nap afterwards.

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PROVIDE HIM WITH PLENTY OF TOYS

GIVE YOUR DOG A JOB TO DO

Give your dog access to a variety of toys, and encourage play. Some dogs enjoy carrying toys around while others like to chew on them. Many like to play tug or fetch with their people. Provide different types of good quality toys made from different materials to see what your dog prefers. Always supervise her with a new toy at first, to make sure it’s safe. Dogs can lose interest in their toys over time, so rotate them to keep them interesting.

Many people think that only working breeds need a job to do, but any dog will benefit from using his brain. Teaching your dog obedience or a new trick, doing agility, nose work and other canine sports are all ways to physically and mentally challenge him. But you don’t need to enroll in a class to give your dog a job. Most dogs love to hunt and dig, and there are many ways to allow them to pursue these activities in a

3 F U N WAYS T O K E E P YO U R D O G B U S Y 1. Do a treat search •W hile your dog is paying attention to you, say “find it” and toss a treat on the floor. Repeat a few times until your dog understands to look for the treat on the floor. •N ext, make the game a bit more challenging. Have your dog watch you hide the treat (e.g. behind your foot or an object close by). Say “find it” and give him some time to figure it out. It will help if you look towards the hiding spot instead of looking at the dog. Dogs follow our gaze, while looking at them can actually “freeze” them in place. Repeat a few times until your dog understands. •G radually increase the level of difficulty and hide treats in different hiding spots before you ask your dog to “find it.” Now he really has to use his nose. The goal is to hide numerous treats around your house or yard and then have your dog search for them. This is a fabulous game for your dog to play when you are busy or need to leave him home alone (just don’t leave him in the yard by himself).

2. Play “peekaboo” •W hile you and your dog are in the same room, hide behind a corner or door, then poke your head out, call “peekaboo” and hide again. Your excited tone of voice should prompt her to come looking for you. • As soon as she finds you, praise her enthusiastically. •G radually make the game more challenging by, hiding in a different room, in a closet, or behind a curtain.

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

• F inally, hide when your dog is not paying attention to you and call “peekaboo” from your hiding spot. In this game, your dog uses her ears and nose to find you. It builds confidence as she learns to explore places on her own. Of course, you can play the game in safe areas outside as well. It’s fun, and the whole family can play together.

3. Use food dispensing toys and puzzle games The pet industry has recognized the need for mental enrichment and offers a wide range of food dispensing toys that can encourage your dog to use problem-solving skills and work for his food. But you can create enrichment toys with everyday household products. •P lace small treats in the compartments of a muffin tray and cover them with balls. Your dog will have to use his nose to detect the treats and use problem-solving skills to get to them. • T oss a few treats into the box, cover them with empty plastic bottles and/or balls, and the let the search begin! You can increase the level of difficulty by stacking several boxes together. If your dog is noise-sensitive and becomes nervous about the noise of the plastic bottles moving in the box, start out with just a few bottles at first. Because the noise is connected to a fun activity and yummy treats, it’s a great way to build a noise-sensitive dog’s confidence over time.

non-destructive way. Searching for food is a form of hunting, and food-searching games provide great entertainment for dogs. If you are concerned about your dog’s weight, use healthy treats such as boiled chicken, or a portion of his regular meal, for these activities. Incorporating mental enrichment into your dog’s life will increase his happiness and well-being. It allows him to engage in natural behaviours, builds confidence, and gives him a feeling of accomplishment. Best of all, it nixes boredom, anxiety and frustration, and that makes life better for both of you!

Andrea Gronwald is a certified family dog trainer through Raise with Praise, Inc., owned and operated by Paul Owens, a leading positive dog training expert. She has taught group and private classes, helping people forming happy relationships with their dogs. Andrea is a strong proponent of positive training methods.

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Understanding

BY JODIE GRUENSTERN, DVM, CVA

pet food labels Ensuring that your dog is eating a healthy diet involves more than just switching brands. It means being a pet food label detective, and learning how to understand ingredient lists and terminology. If you’re like a lot of people these days, you want your dog to eat a healthy diet. To succeed at choosing a safe, nutritious, quality food for your canine companion, however, you need to become adept at reading pet food labels and understanding some of the terminology.

INGREDIENT ORDER AND DEFINITIONS — DECIPHERING THE FACTS Always look at the back of a package of pet food for the full ingredient profile, listed in order of weight.

Ideally, we want to see a specific meat, such as pork or beef, listed first. If it is, this means it has been weighed with the water still in it. This makes it heavier and brings it to the top of the list. However, the water is removed during processing, meaning there is a lower weight of actual meat-derived protein in the end product.

2 20

By-products are non-rendered and include organs, fat, and entrails, but no hair, horns, teeth, or hooves. By-products can be healthy, but we don’t know the

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

quality based on a label listing. Carnivores do need to ingest organs for good health.

A meat “meal” means the tissue has been rendered. This process converts waste animal tissue (not human grade meat) into stable usable materials like yellow grease, choice white grease, bleachable fancy tallow, and a protein meal such as meat and bone meal, or poultry by-product meal. It contains no hair, hoof, hide, or extraneous materials. By definition, while up to 9% of the crude protein in the product may be pepsin indigestible, the product would be more protein-dense than its clean flesh counterpart weighed with water included.

If a meat product is followed by more than one grain or starch, there may be more grain or starch than meat by weight, even though the meat is listed first. A common marketing trick is to list a grain, for example corn, broken down into corn gluten, corn starch, corn middlings, etc. This puts the corn versions below the meat source — unless you add them all together. This is called ingredient splitting. Corn is not a natural food for a carnivore diet.

Digestibility, quality, and safety The three crucial parameters of digestibility, quality, and safety cannot be easily determined by reading pet food labels. It’s not just what your dog eats, but rather what he absorbs that’s most crucial to his good health. This point was recently driven home to us by ongoing investigations into spikes of canine dilated cardiomyopathy cases. Many of the diets tested were found to contain taurine, methionine, and cysteine levels consistent with AAFCO recommendations — yet many dogs consuming those same diets lacked adequate taurine in their blood.

After the starches on a label, a fat is listed along with how it is preserved. Avoid animal fat preserved with BHA, BHT or ethoxyquin. These artificial preservatives have been shown to be carcinogenic; in fact, ethoxyquin is banned in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Look for mixed tocopherols, a source of vitamin E, and/or rosemary extract as preservatives.

6 7 8

Avoid added sugars such as corn syrup, molasses, and beet sugar. These are not useful nutrients. They entice an animal to eat the food and become addicted to it. Salt should not be too high on the list. Like sugar, salt is also addictive.

If vitamins and minerals are added, look for those that are chelated, which improves absorption (they’ll be listed as a chelate or proteinate). However, do be aware that this chelation is not “natural” and often occurs by combining a mineral with soy proteinate. The best pet foods contain enough whole food sources of vitamins and minerals, so synthetic versions need not be added.

Avoid canned foods that contain carrageenan as a thickener. This ingredient has been found to have a link to inflammatory bowel disease.

10 11

Can liners may contain BPA, a known endocrine disruptor. Look for companies that don’t use BPA in their cans.

Some grocery store foods, many treats, and dental chews still contain dye. These artificial colorings can be carcinogenic. If a food contains dye (e.g. Red Dye 40), put it back on the shelf! Better ingredients can be utilized, such as blue-green algae, which also provides great antioxidant properties.

Small amounts of the best, healthiest, and most expensive ingredients are usually last on the list! You may see blueberries, cranberries, broccoli, dried kelp, hemp seed, and others. Some foods, like chicory root extract/inulin, are prebiotics that promote gut flora health. Prebiotics feed probiotics, the good bacteria in the gut.

Dr. Jodie Gruenstern earned her veterinary degree in 1987. She is a certified veterinary acupuncturist and food therapist by the Chi Institute; is former VP of the Veterinary Medical Aromatherapy Association (VMAA); and a member of the AHVMA and AzVMA. She authored Live with Your Pet in Mind, and founded Dr. Jodie’s Natural Pets, Integrating People for Animal Wellness (iPAW) and Dr. Jodie’s Integrative Consulting, PLLC.

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New research reveals

where dogs feel most comfortable in cars BY KAREN ELIZABETH BARIL

For dog parents and their pooches, a car journey can either be a pleasant experience or one they would rather not embark on. To determine which locations within cars dogs feel the safest and most settled, comparethemarket.com.au carried out a study on four different dog breeds of varying sizes. Using heart rate monitors, they tracked which areas of a vehicle had the dogs’ tails wagging and which areas raised their heart rates the most. Results showed that the dogs felt the most comfortable when their pet parents were in view, with their heart rates decreasing by 6.8% in the front seat and 9.5% in the back seat, when compared to their average heart rates. In contrast, the dogs were the most uncomfortable when secured in the very back of the vehicle 22

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

(the “trunk” of SUVs) with their guardians out of sight (a 20.4% increase from their average). Behind the driver’s seat should also be avoided, as this saw a 10.6% increase in heart rate. For dogs, their humans are often the main social connection, so being separated from them for a car journey can be really isolating and may result in feelings of anxiety.

How music can help If your dog tends to be uncomfortable in vehicles, research suggests that music with either 50 or 60 beats per minute is best to keep him feeling relaxed. Songs such as “Green Light”s by John Legend and Andre 3000, “Ronan” by Taylor Swift and “Hallelujah” by Leonard Cohen are examples of how to help your dog feel at ease on your next journey.

10 WAYS YOUR DOG SAYS

BY EMMA WILLIAMS

You know you love your dog… but does she love you? Here are ten surefire signs your dog would say “I love you” if she could speak.

3 1 THE CLASSIC “I’M SO HAPPY TO SEE YOU” If your dog jumps for joy when you arrive home, that’s a clear indication that she’s happy to see you. If she licks your hands and face, brings you her favourite toy or even excitedly lets out a little pee when you get home from work, it’s pretty safe to say that she loves you. In fact, her whole world revolves around you!

SEEKING PHYSICAL CONTACT It doesn’t take a genius to conclude that dogs like attention and affection, and while they may not all love being restrictively hugged, few happy, healthy dogs would turn away a good snuggle from a trusted human friend. Gentle cuddles, leans and affectionate pawing are sure signs of a strong bond.

Who can argue that dogs make phenomenal pals? They are fiercely loyal, adorable, intelligent and oh-so-cuddly — we simply love them. But do they love us back? The short answer is yes. Like humans, dogs express their emotions both subtly and overtly in a variety of ways. Sometimes, though, it can be hard to decode their behaviour. Here are 10 signs of doggy affection:

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ROUGHHOUSING Wrestling, play fighting, roughhousing — whatever you call it, it’s a great way to bond with your dog and work off some energy at the same time. Dogs are also showing you their affection by wanting to engage with you in this way. In fact, it’s another great sign of trust and comfort. Your pup may even let out a breathy laugh when she’s playing and having fun with you.

4 TAIL WAGGING Tail wagging can mean several different things, but if you have a good relationship with your puppy, it’s fairly certain that her fullbody tail wags are a sign of sheer delight at seeing you.

5 SLEEPING IN YOUR BEDROOM If you let your pooch sleep on your bed, all of that nighttime snuggling feels pretty loving, right? But even if you don’t let your dog on the bed, if she still likes to sleep in your room at night, then she really loves you. Wanting to stay close to you when you sleep is a sure sign of loyalty, protection and love.

6 CARRYING YOUR SHOES AND SOCKS AROUND Dogs who love their people can be particularly attached to their scent and may even raid the laundry basket or shoe pile for some stinky mementos! Stealing socks and shoes isn’t ideal behaviour, however, since it often leads to lots of chewing and ruined items. Better to donate something of yours to your pooch for comfort and bonding. Otherwise, keep her jaws entertained with some yummy raw bones or engaging toys.

10 PROLONGED EYE CONTACT

7 GROOMING AND LICKING YOU A doggy kiss on the face is a true sign of adoration! Dogs are social pack creatures, and grooming each other is an intimate sign of a caring bond. Some dogs will gently nose your hand or leg to ask you to interact with them, while others will lick you all over given half the chance!

8 FOLLOWING YOU AROUND Canines are social by nature, and with a strong pack instinct, will try to stay near those they love and trust.

SMILING Scientists have discovered that dogs actually use the same muscles as humans when expressing their emotions — and that dogs do in fact smile! A doggy smile is usually reserved only for playmates and beloved family members and friends, though — so when you see it, consider yourself lucky and loved!

When your dog maintains eye contact with you, she’s letting you know that she loves and feels safe with you. According to Dr. Joanna Woodnutt, MRCVS, eye contact actually helps to create a deeper bond, too. “When your eyes meet, both of you will release oxytocin, AKA the ‘love hormone’, the same hormone that a mother’s brain releases when she’s bonding with her baby.” It needs to be natural, though — forcing eye contact can turn awkward quickly!

Emma Williams is a professional writer and pet parent who has written for big publishers including Canadian Dogs Annual, The Telegraph, Home Beautiful and Marriage.com. She enjoys sharing her knowledge on pet health, lifestyle topics and pet behaviour.

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6 P E T- F R I E N D LY

DESIGN TIPS

BY KARINA LAMERANER

ur homes are our sanctuaries — the last couple of years have certainly taught us that. If you share your space with a beloved four-legged friend, though, your sanctuary may be experiencing some dog-related interior design woes. Fortunately, there are tons of ways to pet-proof your home from a design perspective so you don’t need to compromise your decor and aesthetic! Check out these tips from interior designer Alessandra Wood.

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Leather is also super easy to clean and vacuum, making banishing dog hair a breeze.

1. CREATE DEDICATED STORAGE FOR YOUR DOG Dog toys and accessories have a way of exploding all over the house. So why not have a dedicated place to store them? Baskets are a great option, as the open top means your pet can “self-serve” in retrieving his toys, but they can also integrate into the rest of your decor. Just consider the height of your basket in relation to the size of your dog, so he can reach inside with ease. You could also add a basket in your entryway for your dog’s leash, harness, waste bags, and any Frisbees or balls you might want to bring to the dog park!

2. CONSIDER LEATHER UPHOLSTERY Naturally tanned leather is a great petfriendly furniture upholstery option — and is especially great for those who love antiques and pieces that tell a story because of the way leather ages. However, this is not a good option for type-A personalities who want to keep everything in pristine condition. A leather sofa with dogs will definitely experience some wear and tear. But, if you invest in a sofa made of high quality leather, it will age beautifully and develop an attractive patina. The inevitable scratches and scuffs will only add to the beauty and personality of the piece, whether a sofa or accent chair. Bonus: Leather is also super easy to clean and vacuum, making banishing dog hair a breeze.

3. USE COLOUR AND PATTERNS TO MASK DOG HAIR AND STAINS If leather isn’t your vibe, there are plenty of other upholstery options to consider. People often think that dark fabrics and rugs are the key to hiding dirt and spills — but dark upholstery can end up highlighting certain stains. (Plus, a whole

room of dark furniture will visually weigh down your space.) However, you’ll also want to steer clear of super light colours, unless they’re slipcovers that you can bleach. So, when thinking about the best couches for dogs, opt for performance fabrics that are easy to clean and, ideally, machine washable. In terms of colour, greys are a perfect option to keep the room feeling light without being a stain magnet. When it comes to rugs, instead of dark colours, opt for multi-coloured patterns to help hide any stains that you can’t get out while adding life to your space. If you’re more concerned about pet hair than stains, you could also match your rug or sofa colour to your pet’s coat colour, so that hair is less visible.

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6. MAKE THE LEAP EASIER

4. COVER UP If you’re worried about your dog causing your furniture to age prematurely, you can also cover it up. No, we’re not talking about a plastic cover a la the 70s or keeping a drop cloth over your furniture when not in use. Simply have a few machine washable throw blankets on hand that you can toss on your sofa or bed before your dog jumps onto the furniture. This way, most of her hair and oils will be contained to the blanket, which you can wash whenever it needs

For dogs that have a hard time jumping as they age, you’ll want to invest in solutions that make hopping on the sofa and bed a bit easier. While pet stairs are always an option, they can be a bit of an eyesore and may not fit your space. Instead, consider adding an ottoman next to your sofa or bed, which offers a lower surface to hop onto. Rugs can also give older dogs the traction they need to make the leap (and will help protect hardwood floors from scratches!).

Consider adding an ottoman next to your sofa or bed, which offers a lower surface to hop onto.

to be freshened up.

5. VACUUM REGULARLY Pet hair and dust bunnies can make even the most beautifully designed space feel dingy and dirty so regular vacuuming is a must. Consider getting two vacuums: a heavier-duty one for large, weekly vacuuming, and a smaller handheld unit for quick vacuuming throughout the week and for spot-cleaning furniture.

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Karina Lameraner is a Senior Creative Stylist and Editorial Designer at the online interior design company Modsy. As a lifestyle designer, she works both personally and professionally creating and art directing beautiful images and interiors.

Why your dog should eat

fruits & veggies BY JUNIOR HUDSON

Most people think of dogs as meat-eaters — and of course meat needs to make up a large percentage of their diet. But fruit and veggies are also beneficial to canine health and well-being.

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Important tips • Vegetables can be fed raw or lightly steamed, which is better when it comes to cruciferous vegetables.

• Remove pips and pits from fruit, as well as some of the skins or tough rinds found on

some fruit and vegetables. • Not all vegetables and fruit

are safe for dogs. In particular, onions, grapes, and raisins should be avoided!

Dogs can’t digest cellulose - but neither can we! The cell walls of vegetables contain

While vegetables and fruit may not be classified as “essential” for dogs, they’re clearly very beneficial. Evidence suggests they can provide the same benefits to dogs as they do to humans, and can help prevent cancer, cardiovascular problems, autoimmune diseases, metabolic issues, and more. Vegetables and fruit contain an abundance of valuable nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, enzymes, phytonutrients, and antioxidants. Phytonutrients can slow down oxidative damage and other effects of aging, and antioxidants have also been found to prevent cognitive decline in aged dogs. All this means that vegetables and fruit (preferably fresh and organic) are an invaluable addition to a dog’s predominantly meat-based diet. Quantities will depend on the individual dog, the breed, and particular health concerns. Start with small amounts and experiment with different fruits and veggies to see which ones your dog likes best.

cellulose, which dogs can’t digest. But humans and most other

mammals can’t digest cellulose

either! In fact, the indigestibility of

insoluble fibres like cellulose carries some benefits — cellulose fibres

improve fecal quality, aid digestion, eliminate toxins, and improve anal gland issues in dogs. Insoluble

dietary fibre can also help lower

and regulate blood glucose levels, helping with diabetes.

Studies have shown that dogs with

fibre in their diets have improved gut microbiome diversity, in comparison

to those fed all-meat diets. Pureeing

and cooking the vegetables and fruit can help break down the cell walls.

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TOP 7 VEGETABLES AND FRUITS FOR DOGS 1. BROCCOLI A cruciferous vegetable, packed with phytonutrients such as sulforaphane and isothiocyanates, yielding cancer preventive properties. Rich in vitamin C, also contains vitamins A, B complex, K, and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, and manganese. 2. ASPARAGUS A perennial plant, and a moderate source of fibre. Contains vitamins A, B complex, C, E, K; and minerals, particularly copper and iron, lesser amounts of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and manganese.

How closely related are dogs and wolves? Although dogs diverged from wolves around 38,000 years ago, their digestive

systems haven’t changed that much. However, a few factors indicate that dogs

have evolved to consume and benefit from a more varied diet than their ancestral

wild counterparts. The extent of these changes can vary slightly between breeds.

For example, adaptations to genes AMY2B, MGAM, and SGLT1 have resulted

in an increased capacity for starch digestion, with some breeds, such as huskies,

remaining less adapted.

3. KALE Leafy green vegetable from the cruciferous family. Good source of fibre, and packed with phytochemicals such as sulforaphane, along with indole-3-carbinol, which can exert anti-inflammatory and cancerpreventive properties. Rich in vitamins A, C, and K, and also contains some B complex vitamins. Mineral-rich, particularly in copper, and also provides good quantities of calcium, iron, phosphorous and manganese. 4. BLUEBERRIES Packed with antioxidant phytonutrients, including anthocyanidin compounds, chlorogenic acid, tannins, myricetin, and quercetin. The benefits of this wonderful fruit are plentiful, and it offers preventive properties for numerous diseases, including cancer. Good source of vitamins and minerals including vitamins A, B complex, C, K, and manganese. 5. APPLES (AVOID CORE AND PIPS) Antioxidant, phytonutrient, and flavonoid-rich, including quercetin and epicatechin. Good source of vitamin C, also containing A, B complex, E, and K. Mineral content includes iron and phosphorus.

6. PINEAPPLE Phytonutrients include bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme with antiinflammatory, anti-histamine, and cancer-preventive properties. Rich in vitamin C, also containing B complex and E. Mineral content includes a good amount of manganese, copper, calcium, iron, and magnesium. 7. PEARS Good source of fibre, and rich in antioxidant phytonutrients and flavonoids for disease prevention. Good source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamins C, K, and copper. One of the least allergenic fruits. While good quality whole meats should continue to form the basis of your dog’s diet, adding in these vegetables and fruits — and others! — will give him an important boost of extra nutrition, help prevent disease, and go a long way toward keeping him in optimal health.

Junior Hudson is a Canine Dietary and Integrative Wellness Consultant. Specializing in nutrition, behaviour, and holistic health, he integrates a multi-disciplinary approach to canine wellness, incorporating both conventional and holistic methodologies, through his practice, Heal The Dog.

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IS YOUR DOG A GOOD

BY LAURIE RIIHIMAKI

Whether you’re a jogger or a cyclist, exercising with your dog is a great way for you to bond and enjoy physical activity together. But including him in your exercise routine also means taking his abilities and safety into account.

Walking your dog helps ensure you’re both getting some physical exercise. But many people have gone a step further and are incorporating their dogs into their own exercise regimes. Having a workout buddy helps keep us accountable, and dogs need exercise as much as we do. But it’s important to know just how much activity your dog needs, if he’s fit enough to participate, and how to exercise together safely.

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Choosing an activity The first step is to choose a form of exercise that’s going to work for your dog as well as for you. Naturally, there are certain types of exercise dogs shouldn’t participate in. You wouldn’t take your dog to an aerial yoga class, for example. Additionally, some activities might be great for one dog but bad for another, depending on his breed, and any health limitations he might have. “The breeds that are best to exercise with are dolichocephalic dogs,” says veterinarian Dr. Sarah Wooten. “Dolichocephalic means they have long noses. Short-nosed breeds, like Pugs or Bulldogs, have a much harder time because the anatomy of their noses limits airflow.” Because of this, short-nosed (brachycephalic) dogs don’t make good exercise partners.

Walking, jogging and running It’s fine for long-nosed dogs such as Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, or Border Collies to enjoy three of the most popular forms of exercise — walking, jogging or running — with their people. But running and jogging, and even long challenging walks, can be dangerous or even life-threatening for a Pug, Boston Terrier, or Shih Tzu.

If you have a brachycephalic dog, restrict your mutual workouts to something simple, like a short and steady walk. If you’re a jogger or a long-distance walker, this may not be the kind of workout you desire, but here’s a tip: go for your jog or walk before or after you take your dog out — this way, walking your pup can serve as a warm-up or cool-down for your own workout. You get to spend time together, while both still receiving the level of exercise you need.

Bicycling with your dog Biking is another popular option among dog parents, but it can be tricky for both dog and human, as there are obvious safety concerns involved. • One of these concerns is the speed at which you are traveling. We bike faster than we walk or jog, and not all dogs, even if they are superb runners, will be able to keep up with our personal best. If your dog seems to enjoy the adventure, however, make sure to stop regularly to give him a breather and some water. This will help him avoid exhaustion, and overheating in warm weather.

• Another safety concern with biking is the threat of the leash getting tangled in the tires of the bike, and causing injury to both you and your dog. Using a regular leash is not a chance you want to take; that’s why you can buy bike leashes made specifically for cyclists and their pups. When bicycling with your dog for the first time, start small and slow. Try going up and down the driveway first, then along the street a short way, being absolutely sure that you’re following road safely regulations for bicycles. Once you both have the hang of it, you can start going further afield, although it’s always best to stay away from busy streets and roads. No matter how you and your dog exercise together, be sure to consult your veterinarian first, take the necessary safety precautions, and make the time to ease your dog into the routine. Once these bases have been covered, you’ll be free to enjoy your workouts while reaping the benefits of physical fitness together!

We bike faster than we walk or jog, and not all dogs, even if they are superb runners, will be able to keep up with our personal best.

Laurie Riihimaki is a full-time freelance writer and editor covering a range of topics from animals and holistic medicine to fitness and personal development. Her theatre background in Boston, London, and New York City have helped her create a fun voice that she utilizes in her writing. When not writing for work, Laurie puts time into developing novels, poetry, and personal essays. And when she isn’t writing, she is directing, acting, painting, exploring nature, reading, or spending time with her family and dog.

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ADEQUATE WATER INTAKE IS ESSENTIAL TO YOUR DOG’S GOOD HEALTH. HERE’S WHY, ALONG WITH TIPS ON KEEPING HER HYDRATED.

How to keep your

DOG HY BY JARED MITCHELL, DVM, CVMA

When we think of hydration, the first thing that usually comes to mind is water. Water makes up most of our bodies — and those of our animals — and its role in maintaining good health is unparalleled.

Water nourishes every cell in the body. Without proper hydration, the normal everyday functions of the body are impaired. Cells won’t be able to effectively communicate with one another, and as dehydration worsens, neurological imbalances and decreased mental states can occur. Eventually, cells can become diseased and die. Hydration is also very important for the composition and movement of red and white blood cells within the body. Without proper hydration, the body’s immune system may not function at peak efficiency. In well-hydrated dogs, blood flows very easily throughout the body. It circulates and nourishes all the organs, keeping them happy and healthy. The reverse 34

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

is true for dehydrated dogs. They can develop problems such as blood clots, and poor circulation can lead to organ dysfunction.

SIGNS OF DEHYDRATION IN YOUR DOG When a dog begins to become dehydrated, the body tries to protect the most vital organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys. This in turn leaves the skin and outer organs showing some initial signs of dehydration. As a dog becomes more dehydrated, her overall appearance will change. The mouth may become dry and sticky. As dehydration and electrolyte imbalances worsen, dogs may become restless and agitated. They may try to seek out any source of liquid, even toxic substances, in an effort to try and rehydrate themselves. As the dehydration continues, the dog will become ataxic, walking with an abnormal and unsteady gait; and as she becomes weaker, she will be unable to stand and mental functions become impaired.

2 STEPS TO KEEPING HER HYDRATED During the course of a day, both humans and dogs lose a given amount of water through normal physiological functions such as respiration and excretion (urination and defecation). Replacing what is lost can be achieved in two ways:

Signs of

DEHYDRATION • Dry, sticky gums • Decreased skin elasticity • E yes appear “weak” and “sunken in” • Dry nose

1. Always provide fresh, clean, pure water, and change it every day. In some cases, dogs may prefer the water to be moving instead of still so consider a water fountain made for animals. During times of strenuous exercise, ensure plenty of water breaks. 2. Y our dog’s food should provide not only optimal speciesspecific nutrition, but also the proper moisture content. Healthy treats can also help with adding extra moisture to the body — include fruits such as seedless watermelon and cucumbers.

• Decreased urination • Dry and/or decreased feces • Panting • Loss of appetite • Weakness • I nternal organ dysfunction or failure in severe cases, then neurologic disturbances leading to eventual

DRATED coma and death

Caught in its earliest stages, dehydration is easy to remedy. By being informed and following the advice in this article, you and your four-legged companion can relax and enjoy your activities together!

Dr. Jared Mitchell earned his veterinary degree in 2004. He plans to achieve certifications in herbal medicine, acupuncture, chiropractic and more.

EVALUATING HYDRATION WITH SKIN ELASTICITY AND GUM MOISTURE TESTS To check the gums:

1 2 3 4

Carefully approach your dog, and rub her and reassure her that everything is ok. Lift up the lips until you can see the gums. Note the colour of the gums. Are they pale pink, pink, blue or white? Normal colour is usually pink to pale pink — any other colour warrants veterinary attention. Carefully and gently touch her gums. Do they feel moist or dry? Well-hydrated dogs should have wet gums.

Your results from these tests should be validated and confirmed by your veterinarian.

To check the skin:

1 2

As you rub down the back of your dog, notice how the skin and hair feel to your touch. Do they feel vibrant and healthy or dry and scaly? Next, in the lower neck and shoulder area (not scruff), gently lift the skin and release it. As you release, count how long it takes for the skin to return to its normal position. Healthy, well-hydrated skin will “snap” back into place very quickly. Dehydrated skin will continue to stand. The time it takes for the skin to return to normal gives some idea of the severity of the dehydration. Most normal skin will return to normal position within a count of two to three, if not sooner.

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e t a n o i s s a p m Co dog grooming BY TESS FAULK

The term “compassionate dog grooming” has been trending on social media lately, with more groomers coming on board to discuss this alternative approach. Here’s an inside look at what compassionate dog grooming is all about.

Compassionate dog grooming is not a new theory or practice, but the term and the idea behind it have been gaining greater traction recently thanks to social media. So what’s it all about — and how can it transform your dog’s grooming experience into one that’s enjoyable as well as stress-free?

DEFINING COMPASSIONATE GROOMING Compassionate dog grooming is an approach that uses empathy and intuition in order to create a joyful, peaceful and fear-free experience for the dog. It’s the approach I use in my own grooming business, and it has helped shape the way I work within my profession. It basically means I use my innate ability to see what each dog is feeling so I can factor his comfort and well-being into the entire grooming process.

The compassionate grooming facility Many dogs are fine with large, busy salons, even with other dogs and distractions around. But some don’t do well in these scenarios. Small, private one-on-one facilities are an alternative solution for easily-stressed dogs, or you could consider a mobile groomer who will come to your home. However, not every groomer has the luxury of working in a private one-onone space. If this is the case, look for a salon that allows the groomer to control their own work environment, while having the ability to work privately with your dog.

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GETTING TO KNOW YOUR DOG A groomer uses cues from a dog to determine what his needs might be, along with considering his age, mobility and behaviour. For example, I start by sitting with the dog on the floor, talking to him — and listening! Dogs love to communicate and most have a lot to say if we just listen. We won’t hear actual words, but we will get messages if we keep our minds and hearts open. It’s important to note that this aspect of compassionate grooming is difficult to teach. Some people have a natural and authentic ability to listen and relate to animals with awareness and understanding. I will spend anywhere from five to 15 minutes introducing myself, touching the dog, and also introducing the tools I will be using during the grooming process. I allow the dog to sniff the tools and hear the sounds they make (e.g. clippers, nail grinder). This time is also used to evaluate the dog’s coat and the condition of his skin, as well as his reactions. Other compassionate groomers might do this differently, and that’s okay — different techniques can be used with similar intentions. Ultimately, compassionate grooming is about evaluation, intuition, and providing comfort to the animal.

Fast fact: Taking several minutes to do this type of introduction actually saves time during the grooming process.

A dog given the opportunity to become familiar with the groomer and their tools is going to be much happier about cooperating, and this not only saves time but also makes the whole experience more pleasant for both the dog and the groomer. For instance, it’s better to find out beforehand that towel drying is better for certain dogs than using a force dryer.

TAKING HEALTH ISSUES INTO CONSIDERATION A good groomer will be able to recognize potential health issues such as lumps or bumps, thinning hair, ear infections, skin problems, dental disease, and mobility issues, and bring them to your attention. A compassionate groomer will also take any health issues into account when maximizing the dog’s comfort during the grooming appointment. For example, a dog’s mobility status will affect the length of his grooming sessions. Perhaps just the bathing and brushing will take all the energy a particular dog has to give at any time, especially if he’s a senior. If an entire grooming session is too much for the dog, a compassionate groomer will create a customized session based on his needs, perhaps by dividing it into two parts.

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Communication is crucial Ultimately, communication between the dog parent and the groomer, as

Fast fact: Compassionate grooming also involves keeping an eye on the dog’s well-being during the session and making accommodations to relieve any discomfort.

well as the groomer and the dog, is the foundation of the compassionate grooming process. A positive working relationship with your groomer fosters a well-rounded approach to your dog’s well-being. It’s totally acceptable to ask about the groomer’s philosophy and techniques, and about how she might handle a senior dog, for example, or a brand new puppy that is full of energy.

For older dogs or those with arthritis, standing for long periods can be painful or fatiguing. Allowing these dogs to lie down for part of the session is a wonderful way to continue the grooming without adding stress to their joints. I also tend to use softer brushes, and complete one side of the dog before gently turning him to his other side.

ESSENTIAL OILS AND FLOWER ESSENCES The grooming environment should be quiet and calming, right down to the music and aroma. Music affects a dog’s

behaviour, and many groomers are using essential oil diffusers in their salons. Just be sure that the facility is using high quality therapeutic grade oils — cheap products can actually be toxic and harmful to dogs. Additionally, I have found that dogs (just like humans) may prefer or resonate more with some scents and not others, although a good quality lavender oil is very safe when diffused in small amounts, and tends to have a calming effect. Flower essences are odorless, and I find I get better and more consistent results when using them to help dogs through any stress or behaviour difficulties.

Tess Faulk believes in caring for the whole dog, mind and body. Her Peticure salon was created as a sacred healing space for dogs to get their nails done safely and calmly. Using her knowledge of animal nutrition, Ayurveda for dogs, animal communication and flower essences, Tess has perfected her craft of calming and comforting the dogs in her care for the best results. Tess is a member of the Association of Holistic Pet Professionals.

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HOW

DOES YOUR

DOG’S BRAIN

PROCESS

WHAT YOU SAY? As we talk to our dogs, both our words (what we say) and the intonation (how we say them) carry information for the canine brain. When we say “sit”, our dogs sit down. When we praise them with a high-toned voice, they tend to notice our positive intent. But we know very little about what’s going on in their brains during these interactions. Thanks to some Hungarian researchers, we now have a little more information. The scientists used an fMRI machine to measure a group of dogs’ brain activity. The dogs, who were awake throughout the study, listened to known praise words such as:

“CLEVER”, “WELL DONE”, “THAT’S IT” and unknown neutral words, including:

“SUCH”, “AS”, “IF”, “YET”.

The words were spoken with both praising and neutral intonations.

The results, reported in Nature, revealed that dog brains, like ours, process speech hierarchically, with intonation first, then known words. Interestingly, older dogs distinguished words less often than younger dogs.

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your dog’s nutrition with this

BY DR. SUZI BEBER, HONORIS CAUSA

AN IMPORTANT AMINO ACID, TAURINE IS VITAL TO YOUR DOG’S HEALTH, AND THIS SIMPLE RECIPE WILL ENHANCE YOUR BEST FRIEND’S MEALS IN THE MOST DELICIOUS WAY POSSIBLE!

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Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Our dogs need them for vision, digestion, heart health, and immune health. There are 22 amino acids — one of which is taurine. It’s found in many of the body’s tissues — the nervous system, retinas, muscles, heart, and even the blood platelets — and is crucial to many metabolic processes. While dogs have the ability to synthesize taurine, as we have learned over time (especially with all the news about dilated cardiomyopathy in some breeds), some dogs need more taurine in their diets. This means they must either take a supplement or consume taurine-rich whole foods, including organ meats. Here’s a simple topper recipe that will do the trick!

RECIPE

Tasty Topper Stew INGREDIENTS 1 lb (454 g) ground turkey

1 small red apple with skin, chopped with core and seeds removed; or 1/4 cup blueberries

1/4 oz (approx. 10 g) beef liver, chopped

1/4 teaspoon sea salt

1/2 cup whole brown rice, whole barley flakes, oatmeal, quinoa, or teff, optional

1/4 teaspoon turmeric

1/2 cup green vegetables, chopped (e.g. broccoli, green beans, zucchini)

4 cups filtered water Calcium supplement for dogs, as directed

Choose organic ingredients whenever possible. INSTRUCTIONS Combine all ingredients in a Crock-Pot or other slow cooker. Cover and cook on low for six to eight hours or on high for three to four hours. If you don’t have a slow cooker, simply combine all the ingredients in a big pot, bring to a gentle boil, then turn down to simmer for two to three hours, stirring from time to time, so ingredients don’t stick to the bottom.

After blend has cooled to lukewarm, you can run through a food processor to blend all ingredients, or serve as is.

pends

de Topper serving size g on size of do .

NOTE: This recipe can also be served raw. Simply leave out the grains or cook them up as a side dish or base for your raw ingredients. Recipe is not designed to replace a nutritionally-balanced diet.

Suzi Beber (honoris causa) has been creating special needs diets for animals for two decades. She founded the University of Guelph’s Smiling Blue Skies® Cancer Fund and Smiling Blue Skies® Fund for Innovative Research. She received a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal, and the degree of Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, from the University of Guelph/Ontario Veterinary College. The Smiling Blue Skies Cancer Fund received the “Pets + Us” Community Outreach Champion Award.

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Training your dog — it’s about more than

obedience BY VICTORIA STILWELL

Dog training has undergone something of a revolution in the last number of years. People used to think it was only about teaching dogs obedience commands, usually with the use of heavyhanded punishment-based techniques. But these methods have largely been overtaken by a more science-based positive training approach that encourages dogs to learn through discovery, play, and reward. Not only is this latter approach more effective, it also encourages cooperation based on mutual trust rather than pain, fear, and intimidation. Here’s how to train your own dog using positive, reward-based methods.

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SIT

DOWN

The sit cue is often one of the first people want to teach their dogs. But before you start, ask yourself why you are teaching your dog this cue. Is it so you can control him in different environments? Is it a safety cue you can use in busy areas? Will it encourage him to listen? If your answer is “all of the above” you’re ready to start. You should never push your dog into a sit — it’s incredibly easy to do without the use of force. Teach your dog to sit quickly and painlessly by following these easy steps:

This is another basic cue that can be valuable for impulse control and for encouraging your dog to settle in any situation. There is never any need to force your dog into a down — it can (and should) be taught in a completely force-free way.

Hold a treat or toy near his nose and wait for him to figure out how he is going to get it out of your hand. Some dogs will lick or paw at the treat, but don’t give it to him until he puts his behind on the floor.

When your dog finally works out that he’ll get the reward when his behind hits the floor, give him the treat or toy and praise him.

Repeat this process until your dog is sitting reliably, then add the word “sit” as he is in the process of sitting, so he begins to associate the word with the action.

When he is sitting repeatedly, start saying the word “sit” as you present the treat or toy to him. He will gradually associate the word with the action and respond to your vocal cue.

Sit

down

1 2

Use a treat or toy and ask your dog to sit.

Place your hand, with the reward in it, palm down on the floor. Let your dog sniff it, but do not let her have the treat or toy. Do not give a cue yet, or say anything at all.

Your dog will try and work out how she is going to get the reward from your hand. As soon as she lies down on her belly, give her the reward and praise her.

4 5

Repeat the same exercise several times: wait for the action, catch it, give her the reward, and praise her.

6 7

Finally, ask your dog to “down” using the vocal and hand signal before she has even started to lie down.

The next step is to put in the vocal cue and hand signal. As your dog is in the act of lying down, say “down” and lower your hand, palm down, onto the floor. Repeat this, but not so many times that your dog gets bored. If you have a large dog, the action of having to lie down and get up again multiple times might be too much for her, so go easy.

Release your dog by saying “okay” when you want her to get up again.

Hand signals are often used in training.

Change your training mindset When teaching your dog basic compliance or “obedience”, think less about him “obeying” you, and more about teaching him the skills he will need to live successfully in his environment. Whether your dog is a puppy or a senior, it’s never too late to teach these skills, including basic cues that will help build a positive training foundation. You’ll notice that many of the methods outlined in this article involve letting your dog figure out what you want from him. It’s a more organic way of teaching; it encourages him to think rather than having you impose your will on him, or physically manipulate him into different positions. Your dog will learn faster and be more focused on you.

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RECALL Having a dog that comes when called is a critical part of the teaching process. This is one of the most important cues you can teach your dog. Do not make the mistake of using a shock collar for recall training. These devices can cause your dog extreme physical and emotional distress. A really reliable recall is taught in stages. If you take this training slowly and don’t rush your dog through the process, you’ll find that he’ll want to come to you.

STAGE 1

between the two of you and start using the word “come” when he is approaching you from further away. •C oming to you should always be rewarded, whatever the circumstance and no matter how long it took your dog to respond. • Motivate your dog to come by acting excited, running away from him, waving a toy, or having delicious food for him when he gets to you. This will show him that coming back to you is the best thing he can do.

STAGE 2

Catching the behaviour

Solidifying the cue through play

• Start in a distraction-free indoor environment so your dog can focus only on you.

• Make sure you play this game with another person your dog is comfortable with.

• W henever he comes to you on his own, wait until he is a couple of feet away, then say his name and the word “come”.

•S tart the game in a quiet indoor environment so it is easy for your dog to focus on you.

• W hen he gets to you, praise him as much as possible.

•H old your dog back while the other person calls him excitedly. Try not to use his name or the cue word, but talk excitedly to “gee” him up. Do not release him until the person calls his name, followed by the cue word “come”.

• With this exercise, your dog will learn that coming to you is a really good thing. After a while, you can lengthen the distance

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•W hen the cue word is given, release your dog and let him run to the person calling him. As soon as he gets there, the person should praise and reward him with a game of tug or a food reward. •W hen your dog has had his reward, have the other person hold him back as you call him, then release him as you say his name followed by the “come” cue word. When he comes to you, reward him with another game of tug or a treat. •R epeat this game back and forth, but only do a few repetitions so your dog does not get bored or too tired. Keeping it fresh means the game is always fun to play.

STAGE 3

Adding vocal cue and hand signal • Now that your dog knows what “come” means, you can use the cue word to call him to you while adding a hand signal. Hand signals are always good to build with vocal cues — this way, even if your dog can’t hear you, he will understand what the hand signal means. This is important if your dog is some distance away from you. • Start in a quiet indoor environment. Walk away from your dog and call his name followed by the cue word and a hand signal. Praise and reward him when he comes to you. • Start increasing the distance you call him from, and praise him for compliance. If he does not respond, go back to the previous shorter distance and repeat. • Only practice this cue for a few minutes so your dog does not get bored. Again, the secret to success is to always keep it fun, exciting and fresh. • W hen your dog recognizes the hand signal, try calling his name and using the hand signal by itself, without the vocal cue. You will then be able to use a combination of the vocal cue only, the hand signal only or the two together. • Now that your dog knows what the “come” cue word means, you can start to call him from different rooms or other areas where he cannot see you. This will encourage him to respond even when you are out of sight.

STAGE 4

Taking it outside • Now that your dog is consistently coming to you in a distraction-free indoor environment, you can proof your recall cue by taking it outside. •P ractice the recall in your yard and then gradually build up to the point where you can use it in a park or similar environment. •T he ultimate test is to use the recall when your dog is engaged in a different activity. Wait for a lull in that activity, and then call your dog to you. Praise his decision to comply.

Victoria Stilwell is a world-renowned dog trainer, TV personality, author and public speaker, best known as the star of the hit TV series It's Me or the Dog. Appearing frequently in the worldwide media, Victoria is widely recognized as a leader in the field of animal behaviour. She is the EditorIn-Chief of Positively (positively.com) and CEO of Victoria Stilwell Positively Dog Training (VSPDT), the world’s premier network of positive (force- and fear-free) dog trainers.

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Can I give

Certain common human medications are sometimes used in dogs, but should be done only under veterinary supervision. Here’s what you need to know about these drugs and their effects on dogs.

HUMAN MEDICATIONS to my dog? BY SHAWN MESSONNIER, DVM

hances are, your medicine cabinet contains common OTC medications like Advil, Tylenol, or Benadryl. We often reach for these drugs when we have a headache or joint pain, or our allergies are flaring up. But is it okay to give them to your dog? Unless he’s under veterinary supervision, the answer is no. Let’s find out why.

ASPIRIN AND NSAIDS Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug originally isolated from the bark of the white willow tree. It’s been

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

around for a long time and is still used by people to relieve inflammation, pain, fever, headache, and to reduce blood clots. Stronger NSAIDs (ibuprofen, etc.) are preferred now due to their excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. However, side effects can occur, especially with higher doses or longer-term use. These include GI ulcers and perforations (which can result in death) as well as kidney and liver disease. In dogs, NSAIDs are commonly used for conditions such as surgical pain as well as arthritis. However, as with humans, similar side effects occur, especially if other diseases are present. Dehydration and age increase the risk of side effects.

As an alternative to NSAIDS, joint supplements, herbals, and cold laser work well for most dogs needing antiinflammatory and mild pain relief. If using NSAIDs, try the lowest dose possible once these other therapies have been instituted. Chronic NSAID use should only be implemented if absolutely needed, and only if you can commit to regular lab testing to detect any side effects.

ACETOMINOPHEN (TYLENOL)

Tylenol toxicity is well documented in veterinary literature, especially when used in small dogs. Signs of toxicity can include brown-coloured gums, shallow breathing, swelling of the face or neck, low body temperature, vomiting, jaundice, coma, and death.

ESTROGENIC HORMONES While not commonly known, estrogens taken by women can be toxic to animals, especially dogs. These estrogenic compounds are typically creams applied to the woman’s body. The dog ingests the cream when licking her skin, and may also absorb it by simply lying on a part of the woman’s body (typically the chest) to which the cream has been applied.

ANTIHISTAMINES Antihistamines such as Benadryl or Claritin can be prescribed for dogs with allergic dermatitis as an alternative to corticosteroids. Unfortunately, they are rarely as effective as steroids in controlling clinical signs. Overdosing occurs if people attempt to medicate their dogs on their own (or if the medication is accidentally left out). Signs of overdose are the same as in humans, and include drowsiness, slow heart rate, and if severe enough, coma. Treatment is symptomatic and involves detoxification and neurological support.

As with children, keep prescription and non-prescription medications away from dogs. Always have your veterinarian diagnose and treat your dog. Attempting to be his doctor can result in poisoning, as well as increased veterinary costs to have him treated correctly. By only administering human medications to your dog under veterinary supervision, overdosing or intoxication is unlikely to occur.

Estrogen toxicity in dogs typically results in severe anemia due to bone marrow suppression, if the dose is high or exposure is chronic. But a low dose can cause the dog to begin showing signs of heat, even if she has been spayed.

Treatment simply involves preventing the animal from contacting parts of the woman’s body to which the cream was applied.

Dr. Shawn Messonnier wrote The Natural Health Bible for Dogs and Cats, The Natural Vet’s Guide to Preventing and Treating Cancer in Dogs and 8 Weeks to a Healthy Dog. He’s the pet care expert for Martha Stewart Living’s “Dr. Shawn – The Natural Vet” on Sirius Satellite Radio, and creator of Dr. Shawn’s Pet Organics.

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Actor John Reardon, who plays Detective Charlie Hudson, and his canine partner Diesel (Rex) have formed a strong bond on and off camera. “It’s all the dog elements and how we shoot them that make the show special,” says John, who gives credit to Diesel’s trainer, Sherri Davis.

BY ANN BRIGHTMAN

The suspect breaks into a run, disappearing into a maze of shipping containers, but he’s no match for Detective Charlie Hudson and his German Shepherd partner, Rex, who are in hot pursuit. Before long, the culprit is in custody, and another episode of Hudson & Rex comes to a satisfying conclusion. Now into its fourth season, CityTV’s police procedural drama series, set in Newfoundland and Labrador, is a hit with those who love Canadian television dramas — and dogs! Fans of the show never cease to be amazed at Rex’s abilities, whether he’s taking down a drone in mid-flight, or crawling through an air duct. How does he do it? 48

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Rex’s real name is Diesel vom Burgimwald, and he’s obviously a very intelligent canine. But kudos also go to his “mom” and trainer, Sherri Davis, who uses positive reinforcement methods. “When we're training Diesel in his role as Rex, we prep all the behaviours ahead of time,” explains Sherri, “then rehearse them again when we get to set. At the end of a take, he’s given hugs and kisses, and gets to play with a toy. He might also get a food reward, but it always has to be fun for him.” It’s clear to fans that Diesel loves what he does, although initially he wasn’t sure of his human co-star, John Reardon, who plays

Detective Hudson. “We taught John how to handle him, then started a focusing exercise,” explains Sherri. “John is the only one who calls Diesel ‘Rex’. So John would say ‘Rex’, and every time Diesel looked at him, John rewarded him with play, a ball or treat. At first, John either had a piece of food tucked in his pocket or we spread a bit of honey or Cheez Whiz on him to get Diesel to give him a kiss. Now, you only have to say ‘Where is John?’ and Diesel runs and finds him among a crew of 100 people. Their relationship has really grown and now they’re best buds.”

Below: Did someone say “Action?” Diesel waits in his trailer for shooting to begin. Bottom right: Diesel gets direction on set from Sherri.

Diesel has made many additional friends among the cast and crew. “The first thing he wants to do at the start of every workweek is head directly to set so he can go around and sniff every single person,” Sherri smiles. “They all say good morning and give him an ear scratch or back rub.” Now five years old, Diesel is a seasoned canine actor and has even learned some of the terminology used on set. “He knows what ‘finals’ means, he knows ‘slate,’ ‘frame,’ and ‘action,’” says Sherri. “If you take him to set and they haven't done finals yet, but he’s on his mark and ready, and then they yell ‘finals,’ he grunts, gets off his mark, and goes and lies in the corner until set is ready to get the cameras up. It’s actually quite hysterical!”

Opposite: Photo courtesy of Derm Carberry/Shaftesbury Right: Photos courtesy of Jessie Brinkman Evans/Shaftesbury

Ann Brightman is Managing Editor for Animal Wellness Magazine and Innovative Veterinary Care Journal, published by Redstone Media Group. A lifelong animal lover, she has also been a writer and editor for over 30 years. Ann is a member of the Canadian Freelance Guild and is a volunteer co-editor and writer for The Curlew, published by the Willow Beach Field Naturalists.

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Most dogs love the water, and get a big kick out of wading, splashing and swimming in lakes and streams. Read on for tips to help ensure your aquatic pooch stays safe and healthy. BY ERIN MULLEN

If your dog loves splashing and playing in the water, she’s in good company. While some canines prefer to stay dry, many breeds are drawn to paddle and swim in lakes, streams and pools as if they were born to it. Retrievers, Labs, Newfoundlands, and many spaniels are among the top water-loving breeds. And aquatic dog sports, like dock diving, paddleboarding, and even surfing, are becoming increasingly popular. Whatever breed your water-loving dog may be, and whatever activity she’s involved in, it’s important to consider her safety and well-being both during and after her time in the water. This article covers some key questions to ask before you let your dog wade into any body of water.

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…if the water is too cold for you, it is too cold for your dog.

“If the water has any degree of green sheen on the surface or throughout, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) may be present.”

Is the water warm enough?

Is there bacteria in the water?

Depending on where you live, water temperatures can remain cold even in the summer. While breeds from colder regions of the world can swim safely in lower temperatures, even they can get too cold if they stay in the water for long periods. Generally speaking, much like the ambient air temperature, if the water is too cold for you, it is too cold for your dog. “If you feel it’s not warm enough for you to go in, then it’s probably not warm enough for most dogs,” says veterinarian Dr. Patrick Mahaney. It is always best to err on the side of caution and keep your dog out of chilly water to prevent hypothermia.

One unfortunate consequence of swimming in natural bodies of water is the possibility of encountering dangerous bacteria. Dr. Mahaney warns against letting your dog drink from or swim in water that’s stagnant or very shallow: “It could potentially harbor infectious organisms such as Leptospirosis, which could cause severe illness and death.” Cyanobacteria is another serious danger. “If the water has any degree of green sheen on the surface or throughout, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) may be present. If your dog ingests even a few sips of this water, he could suffer internal organ damage, neurologic problems, and even death.”

What are the currents like?

Is there dangerous debris on the bottom?

Many dogs will dive into whatever body of water is available, including those where swimming might not be safe. Keep your dog away from any waters where there are strong currents or undertows. Before visiting a potential swimming site with your dog, research it to make sure it’s safe, and pay attention to any signage warning of currents or undercurrents. Be especially wary of rapidly-moving water, and keep your dog ashore.

Another risk to watch out for is debris in the water. Be sure that the swimming location does not have sharp objects on the bottom, such as broken glass or metal; even sharp rocks or shells can cut a dog’s paw pads. Also ensure that there’s nothing your dog could get caught on, such as a submerged stump. Ideally, you should be able to see the dog’s feet through the water when he’s swimming. Some bodies of water might also be contaminated with floating or submerged trash, or even chemicals that could be harmful if swallowed. Steer your dog well clear of any unclean water.

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How long has he been in the water? As we know, many dogs are very committed, all-or-nothing creatures that like to play and exercise until they drop. This can pose a danger when it comes to swimming — if your dog enters a large body of water and continues to swim until tired, he may not be able to make it back to land or his starting place in order to rest. “If you’re swimming in any areas where your dog could be compromised, or if you are going out on a boat and/or your dog is not an excellent swimmer, have him wear a canine-appropriate floatation device,” Dr. Mahaney says. By answering the questions presented in this article, you can help ensure your dog’s water activities will be safe as well as fun. It’s also important to check him over and clean him up after his time in the water (see sidebar below). Safe swimming!

Erin Mullen is a freelance writer and entrepreneur. She enjoys spending her free time in the outdoors with her Boxers, Emma and Elsa.

susceptible place where moisture,

the toes and around the pads, so it’s

darkness, and warmth create a

important to rinse and then gently

microenvironment that promotes

dry them.

the growth of bacteria and yeast,” says Dr. Mahaney. “Performing an ear flush with a veterinaryAfter your dog has finished his fun in the water, you need to attend to his coat, skin, eyes, ears and paws to make sure they’re clean and undamaged. • Rinse your dog off to remove any algae, contaminants, chlorine, salt,

prescribed ear cleaning solution after each swim is an appropriate way to reduce the potential for ear infections, and remove allergens and environmental debris.” Gently drying your dog’s ears will help reduce the chances of infection from residual water.

• During a swim, your dog’s eyes may encounter dirt, algae, or irritants such as chlorine. “When undesirable things get on the tear film, put in some irrigating eye wash, like saline, such as you would use in your own eyes,” advises Dr. Mahaney. “Be sure to just use pure saline solution without any chemicals intended to reduce eye redness.” Depending on the situation, wiping

and other substances found in many

• Your pup’s paws are paramount

your dog’s eyes gently with a soft

bodies of water.

when swimming. He needs to use

towel is another good option.

them to paddle and propel himself

Inspect his eyes and make sure

through the water. To keep his feet

they look healthy, clear, and are not

healthy and kicking, be sure they are

bloodshot. If there is any indication

• Your dog should be thoroughly dried as well, especially beneath his harness.

also rinsed and dried after his time

of injury, call your veterinarian to

• Caring for your dog’s ears after

in the water. Bacteria, yeast, and

arrange for a physical examination.

a swim is essential. “The ears are a

even debris can hide between

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

A WAGGING TAIL MAY INDICATE MORE THAN YOU THOUGHT. LEARN HOW TO READ YOUR CANINE COMPANION’S “TAIL LANGUAGE”.

S ’ G O D YOUR

L I A T G N I ? G N A G E A M W REALLY S E O D WHAT

N BY BRIA

We usually assume that when a dog wags his tail, it means he’s happy. And much of the time, that’s true. But a wagging tail can indicate several other emotions as well. “It can be a sign of curiosity, anxiety, or excitement, and in some scenarios, even aggression,” says dog trainer Katie Cook. Understanding your dog’s “tail language” gives you a better insight into his emotional state at any given moment. 54

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ALL

MARSH

WHY DO DOGS WAG THEIR TAILS? Tail wagging is an effective form of communication for dogs. They also communicate through body language, of course, but tails are generally very flexible and visible, and canine vision is adapted more to detecting movement than colours or details. So dogs have evolved to express and interpret different tail wags.

WHAT IS HIS TAIL TELLING YOU? • A slow wag could mean the dog is feeling insecure. • A tail held higher than normal could mean that something has caught your dog's attention. • A tail held lower and between the legs could indicate fear or anxiety. • A tail wagging enthusiastically from side to side is generally a friendly greeting.

“In certain cases, when a dog is wagging his tail in a super flat or straight position, it could be a warning,” Katie adds. “I call it a flag tail — a flat, level, back-and-forth kind of wag. It means the dog is uncomfortable. A lot of happy dogs will wave their tails like a helicopter, all around, all over the place. However, a stiff tail wag could be concerning. If two dogs are approaching one another, and their tails are super stiff, it could mean ‘I’m uncomfortable, I’m challenging you.’ “It just depends on what they’re doing in the moment,” Katie continues. “Every dog is different and every dog has his signals. We also have to be able to interpret tail wagging with other body language signs, whether it’s ear posture, shoulder stiffness, or raised hair.”

LEFT OR RIGHT TAILED? There’s even evidence that the direction a dog favours when wagging his tail may be a mood indicator. A dog wagging his tail more to the right side of his body tends to be more relaxed, while a dog wagging his tail to the left may be stressed or anxious.

BOTTOM LINE “The most important thing people need to know is that a wagging tail doesn’t always mean a happy dog,” says Katie. Learning your dog’s “tail language” will help you understand what he’s really feeling.

TAILS DIFFER DEPENDING ON BREED Most tails hang near the heels when the dog is relaxed. Some breeds, like Whippets and Greyhounds, have curled tails positioned under their tummies. Pugs and Boston Terriers have tightly-coiled tails that barely wag at all. Meanwhile, a Beagle’s tail is more vertical in the relaxed state.

Brian Marshall has won numerous writing awards during his 30-plus year career in journalism. His canine family has included two Dachshunds and a mixed hound.

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HOW DOGS benefit our lives BY EMILY WATSON

WE KNOW THAT BEING A DOG PARENT COMES WITH COUNTLESS ADVANTAGES. BUT WHAT DOES THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH SAY?

he relationship between dogs and people is mutually beneficial — and that’s a fact! Dogs have been shown to help their people by reducing stress, lowering blood pressure, offering social support, enhancing brain development, and so much more. Let’s take a look at the science!

LESS STRESS IN STUDENTS! In 2019, scientists at Washington State University demonstrated that programs allowing college students to interact with dogs (and cats) have stress-relieving physiological benefits. “Just ten minutes can have a significant impact,” said Patricia Pendry, an associate professor at WSU. “Students in our study that interacted with these animals had a significant reduction in cortisol, a major stress hormone.”

MARRIED DOG PARENTS HAVE LOWER HEART RATES

animal had lower blood pressure in stressful situations than those without. All study participants were being treated with lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to treat hypertension. Results showed that ACE inhibitors keep blood pressure steady during non-stressful situations, but don’t prevent it from rising in times of heightened stress. That’s where a dog comes in handy!

SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR INTROVERTS

Researchers examined the influence of having friends, spouses, and animals in 240 married couples, half with animals and half without. The study, by Allen et al, found that both dog and cat parents had lower heart rates and blood pressure at rest, and recovered faster from stress.

Dogs are great conversation starters! According to Nadine Kaslow, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioural sciences at Emory University, our canine companions can help ease people out of social isolation or shyness. “People ask about breed, they watch the dog’s tricks,” she says. “Sometimes the conversation stays at the ‘dog level’, and sometimes it becomes a real social interchange.”

LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE FOR STOCKBROKERS

ADULT DOG PARENTS AND THEIR CHILDREN GET MORE EXERCISE

A 2019 study involving a group of 48 stockbrokers with high blood pressure found that those who lived with a dog or other

Adults with dogs are far more likely than those without to walk for recreation, and for longer periods per week., according to

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

a survey conducted in West Cheshire, UK. The 2015 report, which surveyed 191 “dog-owning adults”, 455 “non-dog owning adults”, and 46 children, living in 385 households, showed that the odds of adults with dogs meeting the World Health Organization’s physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes per week were FOUR times greater than for those without dogs. Children with dogs also reported more minutes of walking and free time (unstructured) activity. In a 2019 study, 111 young women in their early 20s filled out a physical activity questionnaire to assess their exercise levels. Participants with dogs and other animal companions generally reported higher activity levels than those without.

KIDS ARE LESS LIKELY TO DEVELOP ALLERGIES & ASTHMA Because of the unique microbes that dogs carry, children who grow up in households with animals have a lower risk for developing autoimmune illnesses, says a 2017 study conducted at the University of Alberta. It confirms that babies born into families with animals (70% of which were dogs) had more microbes associated with lower risks of allergies and obesity. This may result from exposure to dirt and bacteria (such as that found on a dog’s hair and paws) shortly after birth, or through indirect microbiome exchange from animal to mother to unborn baby during pregnancy.

DOGS HELP WARD OFF DEPRESSION IN SENIORS Seniors really benefit from dog visitors, according to a 2018 meta-analysis. The analysis evaluated symptoms in the aging population and confirmed that animal-assisted intervention reduces signs of depression in institutionalized and noninstitutionalized older adults.

IMPROVED SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN KIDS Children who live with a dog showed higher intellectual development and perspective-taking abilities, according to a systematic review conducted in 2017. The review cites a mixed methods thesis paper, which found that ten- to 14-year-old students with a strong attachment to their animals had higher levels of validated social-cognitive development scores.

Emily Watson is a Senior Content Editor at Redstone Media Group, publisher of Animal Wellness Magazine, Equine Wellness Magazine, IVC Journal and Canadian Dogs Annual. She is a certified yoga and medical Qi Gong instructor and has been writing — creatively and otherwise — for ten years. Off the mat and away from the keyboard, Emily can be found hiking, camping and travelling with her pup, Betsy.

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Home-preparing for your

food

–what you n e e d to k n o w BY JUDY MORGAN, DVM, CVA, CVCP, CVFT

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Thanks to animal cookbooks and the internet, it’s easier than ever to access recipes for homepreparing dog food. But making sure your canine friend is getting a balanced diet is trickier, and requires understanding some key points about canine nutrition.

In an effort to create a healthier diet, some pet parents decide to home prepare their dogs’ food. To be successful, you first need to know something about canine nutrition, and how to create balanced meals that meet your companion’s needs. Otherwise, your dog could end up becoming deficient in some nutrients while ingesting too much of others. Let’s look at some key points you need to be aware of when home-preparing meals for your dog.

#1.

Home-prepared diets involve more than muscle meat

Home-prepared diets can be either raw or cooked, depending on preference. Just keep in mind that wild canines eat the whole prey animal, not just the muscle meat. Many people get squeamish at the idea of feeding organs, eyeballs, intestinal contents, and hair to their dogs; not to mention, most of these body parts are impossible to find in the grocery store! Yet they provide trace vitamins and minerals not found in muscle meat, so a replacement source must be added to home-prepared meals (more on this below).

#2.

It’s not an exact science

While you should strive to do your best to provide your dog with all the essential nutrients she needs, keep in mind that home-preparing food is not an exact science. Charts describing the nutrient composition of individual foods and ingredients are useful, but each batch of meat or vegetables will have different levels of vitamins and minerals, depending on their growing conditions, their age at harvest, and many other variables. You can compensate for this by offering plenty of variety to your dog, as well as adding in some supplements (again, more on this below). By doing this, it’s not so difficult to feed your dog high quality food that will enhance her health and longevity.

#4.

Home-prepared diets should include specific nutrients

The following is a list of four ingredients that are commonly missed in home-prepared pet food recipes. Use this information as a guideline; you may also want to consult with a veterinary nutritionist or food therapist to ensure your dog is receiving complete and balanced nutrition.

• Calcium and phosphorous Dogs require more calcium than phosphorous in their diet, with a ratio of about 1.2:1 being appropriate. However, meats are high in phosphorous and low in calcium, the inverse of what is needed. Green tripe (the first stomach in ruminants such as cows, sheep, and goats) is a good protein source with balanced calcium and phosphorous, although the smell puts off some people. Calcium is generally added to the diet in the form of bone meal, ground eggshells* (1/2 teaspoon per pound of meat in the recipe), or 10% to 15% ground bone in raw diets. Approximately 500 mg of calcium need to be added for every pound of meat in the recipe. Contrary to popular belief, milk and dairy products do not supply anywhere near enough calcium for home-prepared canine diets. Most general vitamin supplements also do not contain enough calcium. Look for supplements made specifically for balancing home-prepared meals for dogs. * Use a coffee grinder or food processor to ensure the eggshells are as finely ground as possible.

• Vitamin D

No matter how well-informed you are on home-preparing food for your dog, it’s always a good idea to have your veterinarian examine and do lab work on her at least twice a year, just to make sure she isn’t suffering from any nutritional deficiencies or excesses. Such issues will not be immediately apparent since dogs are resilient and will survive for long periods, even years, on diets that aren’t wholly balanced.

Unlike humans, dogs cannot convert sunlight to vitamin D. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) must be supplied in the diet. This fat-soluble vitamin is found naturally in egg yolks and fish. Diets that contain one of these ingredients daily will come closer to providing appropriate vitamin D levels to your canine. I do not recommend using cod liver oil as a source of vitamin D as it is also very high in vitamin A, which can be toxic in large amounts. Vitamin D helps regulate the calcium and phosphorous balance, and assists with bone growth and density as well as immune system function. It also aids in cancer prevention. However, excess vitamin D will lead to toxicity, causing kidney and bladder stones and possibly kidney failure. Human vitamin D supplements are too concentrated for dogs. The average requirement is 227 IU of vitamin D per pound of food.

Provide the vet with a printed list of the ingredients you use to make your dog’s meals.

Vitamin D testing should be performed at least twice a year for any dogs fed a home-prepared diet.

#3.

A veterinarian can help catch potential nutritional imbalances

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• Trace minerals Selenium, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese are important nutrients for skin, blood, tendon, immune system, and ligament health. When not provided in adequate amounts, dogs may suffer from poor hair coat, anemia, decreased wound healing, poor immunity, and ruptured ligaments. Many of these trace minerals are found in animal organs. Feeding your dog liver, heart, pancreas, and kidney will provide minerals not found elsewhere. Organs can be difficult to find and many people don’t like handling them, but the diet will be incomplete without them. Chlorella, spirulina, and kelp are good plant sources of trace minerals. They do not replace organ meats, but feel free to include both plant and animal sources in your dog’s diet. Mussels and oysters are also fairly good sources of trace minerals. Feeding one mussel or oyster each day should be adequate.

• Vitamin E The quantity of unsaturated fatty acids in the diet will determine the required level of vitamin E. Diets high in fish, or fish and plant oils, will require more vitamin E. Average requirements are around 25 IU to 50 IU of vitamin E per pound of food per day. Alfalfa meal, ground sunflower seeds, and wheat germ are good sources of vitamin E, while milk and dairy products are not. When collecting recipes for your dog, make sure they are complete and balanced, and/or that you are well-versed in the supplements needed to make them complete. While it is not imperative that every single meal is balanced, it is imperative that every essential nutrient is provided over the course of each week. Home-preparing your dog’s food can be very satisfying, and as long as it’s done properly, can contribute a great deal to his health and longevity.

Dr. Judy Morgan is certified in acupuncture, food therapy, and chiropractic care. She has authored four books on holistic pet care, and has over 700 educational videos on Facebook and YouTube (drjudymorgan.com).

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Any fresh food is beneficial I f y o u d o n ’ t wa n t t o c o m m i t t o h o m e - p r e pa r i n g a l l y o u r d o g ’ s food, you can still enhance his d i e t — a n d h i s h e a lt h — by a d d i n g f r e s h m e at s , f r u i t s , a n d v e g e ta b l e s t o h i g h q u a l i t y p r e pa r e d p e t f o o d s . T h i s practice increases the food’s pa l ata b i l i t y a n d n u t r i t i o n a l i n t e g r i t y, a n d c a n e v e n c o n t r i b u t e t o l o n g e v i t y. I n a 2 0 0 5 s t u d y at P u r d u e U n i v e r s i t y, r e s e a r c h e r s f o u n d t h at s i m p ly a d d i n g f r e s h v e g e ta b l e s t o kibble diets prevented and d e c e l e r at e d b l a d d e r c a n c e r c e l l growth in dogs by 70% to 90 % .

Dogs bark for many reasons, but if your own pooch seems too “talkative”, it’s important to discover why, and find positive ways to curb her barking behaviour. BY TONYA WILHELM

Dogs bark as a way to communicate information. We often discuss canine body language and what a dog is saying through his posture or actions, but barking is also a way for him to express himself. Since barking can seem so in your face, however, it’s often seen as an annoying behaviour that overrides the important message your dog is trying to convey. Barking is the “symptom” of a behaviour versus the actual problem. It’s not about teaching a dog not to bark; it’s about addressing the reasons behind his barking. Let’s look at the top three explanations:

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Dogs are pack animals and seek companionship. When a dog is left alone for extended periods of time, she can become lonely or even suffer from extreme panic if she has separation anxiety. The barking may even turn to howling. It’s a way to call in the family: “I’m here. I’m alone. Come home.”

2. Fill a toy with something extra special, turn the CD and diffuser on, and give your dog his new treat-filled toy.

Someone’s here! Something’s not right! Keep in mind that dogs are pack animals, and one of the things they do is alert the pack when there is trouble. A lot of people want to keep this behaviour in their dogs. I agree to a point. I feel that a dog can alert us when something is amiss, but then we need to check it out and tell the dog, “It’s fine. No need to worry.”

3. Tell him, “I’ll be back in a minute.” Then step into another room for a few moments.

What to do

What to do To help your dog feel more secure when you leave him, start teaching him that it’s okay to be alone for short periods. 1. Purchase a few new and safe dog chews, toys you can fill with food, and a nice calming CD. You can also try pheromone products such as collars or diffusers to help naturally reduce stress.

4. It might take a few trials for your dog to feel comfortable with this new routine. Once he does, extend the time you are in the other room. 5. Start changing the room you pop into. During some sessions, step outside. What you are doing is slowly building up the time you are away from your dog, while allowing him to feel safe and secure. 6. If your dog has true separation anxiety, please seek the help of your veterinarian and a qualified dog behaviour counsellor. They will coach you in how to help your dog when your time away is too much for him to bear.

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1. The next time your dog alarm barks, casually go up to him, look at what he’s barking at and tell him your phrase of choice — e.g. “It’s okay,” “Everything’s all right,” etc. 2. Then ask him to come inside with you or into another room. You will likely need to use a tasty treat or new chew toy as a lure. 3. He may rush back to the barking area, but just repeat the process. If needed, snap on a leash to keep him with you. Don’t worry — you aren’t rewarding him for barking; you are rewarding him for coming with you.

MAN AT 20 FEET

MEATY TREAT

20 FT

SAFETY ZONE

10 FT

MAN

REACTION ZONE

Fearful barking is a way for your dog to tell the stimulus (person, dog, scary thing) to back off. It’s also a way for him to tell you he needs backup. If you have a fearful dog, it’s important that you manage his environment to ensure he feels safe and secure. In order to teach your dog that the scary thing is not really scary, you need to introduce the stimulus below his fear threshold. In other words, in a way your dog does not see it as a threat.

What to do The following training process can be used for pretty much any scary stimulus. The key is maintaining the correct distance and providing incredibly valuable rewards. If your dog is still exhibiting fear, it’s time to seek the help of a professional. 1. If your dog is afraid of men ten feet away, but has no reaction from 20 feet away, then 20 feet is below his threshold and is the distance you will want to maintain between your dog and men. 2. When your dog sees a man 20 feet away, pair the sighting with something good, like a meaty treat. In other words, “man at 20 feet = meaty treat.” This process will desensitize your dog and counter-condition him that men at 20 feet predict good things. 3. Continue this process until your dog starts to anticipate that men at 20 feet means a reward. When he reaches this point, your next goal is men at 19 feet, 18 feet, and so on. Slow and steady! If your dog barks, just remember he is not trying to be annoying — he’s simply doing his best to convey a message. Don’t try to stop him from communicating. Instead, listen to him, determine why he’s barking, and tackle the problem with positive training techniques.

WHAT IF IT’S YOUR NEIGHBOUR’S DOG THAT’S BARKING? Few things are more irritating than being barked at by a neighbour’s dog as soon as you step out your door. Instead of getting angry, go next door with a tray of cookies. Politely let the neighbour know that their dog is doing a lot of barking and you just want them to be aware. Ask if there is anything you can do to help with the situation. Maybe the dog is barking at you because he’s fearful of people or your lawn mower. Working together is always the neighbourly thing to do.

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HOW SMART IS YOUR DOG? PROVE IT BY TESTING HIS IQ!

BY KAREN ELIZABETH BARIL

o you think your dog is incredibly intelligent? You could be right.

Recent studies suggest our faithful friends boast at least the intelligence of a human toddler. Some dogs even seem to be smarter than that — smarter than the humans who care for them. You’ve seen your dog figure out small challenges in his world — where you hide the treats, how to open a latch, how to get your attention, etc. But, does that prove he has a high canine IQ? Well, yes and no. The Collins English Dictionary defines intelligence as “the ability to think, reason, and understand as opposed to doing things automatically or by instinct.” You see the dilemma. Measuring intelligence has always been hard to define and even harder to measure, even in humans. The challenge of measuring intelligence in dogs is even greater. In order to measure canine intelligence, scientists must find reliable tests that prove dogs are thinking their way through a problem and not simply relying on instinct. Border Collies, for example, instinctually herd sheep and chickens and pretty much 64

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everything that moves. We all know that Border Collies are smart, but herding is instinctual for them. We can’t expect our

QUIZ HIS PROBLEMSOLVING SKILLS

THEORY OF MIND If your dog has ever hidden her bad

Bichon Frise to herd sheep like a Border

Try placing a bone or toy under a

behaviour from you, she might be

Collie any more than we can ask that

cardboard box or plastic cone. Watch to

demonstrating what psychologists call

collie to double as a police dog.

see if your dog thinks his way through

“theory of mind”. This is an important

getting the object. Does he wait for you

cognitive/social skill that develops in

So how can you test your dog’s

to fix his problem or does he work to

humans around the age of four. When

intelligence?

solve it?

your dog hides that sock she chewed

ASSESS HIS RESPONSIVENESS TO CUES

CAN HE HOLD A CONVERSATION?

up or slinks away from the accident she had on the rug, she’s showing theory of mind or the ability to recognize that you have a unique set of beliefs that differ

Researchers point out that dogs follow

from her own.

In general, the better your dog responds

the intent of human conversation, if

to cues like sit, down and stay, the

not the actual meaning. The next time

If your dog lived in a self-sufficient

higher his canine IQ. Of course, there

you’re speaking to your spouse or

doggy pack, chewing the sock or

are some caveats; have you trained the

friend, watch your dog; does he move

having that accident would be less

cue correctly? Are you giving the cue

his gaze to whoever is speaking? Does

likely to be seen as negative behaviour.

appropriately? Is your dog the stubborn

he look as though he’s trying to follow

Her understanding of your separate

type? Basset Hounds, Beagles, and other

the conversation?

ideas and opinions on behaviour is an

hound breeds are among the finest

important sign of intelligence.

house dogs in the world, but they can be

Some research shows that dogs interpret

stubborn, especially if chasing down a

human emotion through your facial

So, as it turns out, your dog is pretty

squirrel or rabbit.

expression. Humans tend to gaze at the

smart. While you might not have to

right side of a person’s face as they’re

save for college, it wouldn’t hurt to put

speaking. Dogs also gaze at the right

those smarts to work in an obedience

side of human faces as they speak, but

class or two.

TEST YOUR DOG’S AWARENESS OF CHANGES IN HIS ENVIRONMENT

they don’t do this with other dogs. They are the only non-primate species to show this behaviour.

Try hiding your dog’s ball or toy. Does she search for objects that are missing even though the item is no longer in sight? If so, you’ve got a highly intelligent dog.

Karen Elizabeth Baril is a pet blogger, author, and magazine writer. Her work has appeared in numerous animal and equine publications (karenelizabethbaril.com). She lives on her farm with her three horses, two dogs, and whatever animals may trundle through during the night.

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T E P T F E H T HY

RP RA MU

ND BY SA

PET THEFT IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM AND THE PANDEMIC MADE IT WORSE. LUCKILY, THERE’S LOTS YOU CAN DO TO PROTECT YOUR DOG FROM BEING STOLEN.

While it’s not something we like to think about, pet theft is a growing problem. And thanks to the pandemic, it’s becoming increasingly common, since purebred dogs have increased so much in price, and many shelters are empty. You might not think it’s something you need to worry about, but it’s always better to be safe than sorry.

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WHICH DOGS ARE TARGETED THE MOST? Purebreds and small dogs are in high demand for apartment and city dwellers, while puppies are popular with families, so these animals are stolen more often. Some dogs are even “stolen to order”.

According to the American Kennel Club, the dog breeds most apt to be stolen are Siberian Huskies (for their striking looks), Labradors (for their friendly demeanours), Toy and Miniature Poodles, Shih Tzus, Yorkshire Terriers, and Maltese (for their diminutive size), and German Shepherd Dogs (mostly stolen as puppies), Bulldogs, and French Bulldogs (for their charm).

TOP PREVE T NTING IPS FOR PET TH EFT on’t leave your dog alone in the yard, even if it’s D fenced in. Dogs are most vulnerable in the front or side yard. Even if you’re watching through a window, thieves can pull up, grab your dog, and drive off in a matter of seconds.

DOES ID PROTECT AGAINST THEFT? Not really. While ID for your dog is certainly important, it won’t necessarily prevent him from being stolen. Collar tags and GPS devices can be removed, and microchips only work if they’re scanned. If a thief says he’s selling his mother’s dog, a previous chip won’t raise an alarm.

Put padlocks on the gate.

This doesn’t mean you should forget about providing your dog with identification — it’s still vital to finding him if he ever wanders away or gets lost on his own.

WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOUR DOG IS STOLEN?

4. Don’t let your dog roam at large.

If you’re ever unfortunate enough to have your dog stolen, follow these steps:

•

File a police report.

•

Distribute flyers.

•

Post current photos on social media.

•

C heck “for sale” ads, as your animal is apt to be resold.

•

Know his microchip number as proof he’s yours.

•

C heck with rescues, shelters, and neighbourhood email lists to see if other thefts have occurred.

Protecting your dog from theft simply means being vigilant. Thieves are smart…

BUT YOU CAN BE SMARTER! Sandra Murphy loves to write about animals. In her spare time, she works as a pet sitter.

Teach your dog not to jump up to be petted over the fence.

When walking your dog, vary your routes and walk times. It’s not only safer – it’s also more interesting for both of you! ake notice if someone watches to see where T you live, asks too many questions about your dog (e.g. is she spayed, purebred, did she cost a lot?), or wants to make friends with her.

7. Say no if someone offers to give your dog a treat. 8.

If you’re doing errands while walking your dog, never leave him tied outside a store while you’re in shopping. on’t leave your dog in the car, even for a D few minutes. Not only is it dangerous in warm weather, but it gives a thief the opportunity to pop the lock, grab the pup, and be gone before anyone notices.

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Your dog should see the veterinarian at least once a year for a check-up. Let’s take a look at what an annual veterinary exam entails.

THE ANNUAL VETERINARY EXAM

— what it should include

BY SHAWN MESSONNIER, DVM

egular check-ups are as important to our dogs as they are to us. An annual veterinary exam establishes baseline testing when the animal is healthy, and allows for the early diagnosis of hidden diseases. Tests may vary depending on the veterinarian, but these are some that can be considered.

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

THOROUGH PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND HISTORY Doctors glean so much information about your dog from simply talking with you and observing the animal. The physical examination involves checking not only the visible parts of your dog, but also the internal parts by listening to the heart and lungs and feeling his abdomen and lymph nodes. Both the discussion and physical exam are important, so bring any and all questions to your vet during your dog’s annual visit. Also, take note of any comments from the vet, since even “minor” issues discovered during the exam can develop into “major” problems if not addressed as soon as discovered.

LABORATORY TESTING

While a physical examination and history are important, running various lab tests is essential to giving us a look inside your dog’s body, diagnosing disease (despite the appearance of “health”), and establishing a baseline that is helpful for comparison whenever true illness occurs. Doing regular lab tests helps uncover issues that evade a physical examination. In general, I do a full blood profile (including thyroid testing when appropriate to age, breed, and condition), a full urinalysis, and a blood profile checking for inflammatory markers (TK, CRP) and vitamin D. In most of my “healthy” patients, one or more of these tests reveal abnormalities. Usually, these can be quickly addressed, and health restored to the dog, so we can avoid further progression to serious and even life-threatening diseases. While blood testing does add to the expense of the visit, it is a critical part of your dog’s annual check-up. Insurance may cover this testing but even if it doesn’t, it’s still less expensive to do this testing during the annual exam instead of waiting for severe illness to occur, at which time costs climb a lot!

PARASITE PREVENTION

Some veterinarians typically prescribe heartworm preventive medication and chemicals for flea/tick control. Oral heartworm preventives stay in the animal’s body for 48 to 72 hours, so there is no risk of accumulating toxins that could cause problems for him, and many dogs require them only seasonally. However, having every dog routinely taking flea and tick chemicals should be considered carefully. In my practice, they’re not needed for most of my patients, who stay free of these pests thanks to diet and lifestyle choices. Prescribing flea and tick preventive chemicals for every patient makes no sense, wastes precious financial resources on unnecessary medications, and exposes dogs to needless chemicals that might act inappropriately and cause harm. Natural (or chemical when necessary) flea and tick control products can be used safely on an as-needed basis. Unlike heartworms, intestinal worms rarely cause ongoing issues in adult dogs, although they are very common in puppies. Maximizing health through proper diet and supplements, as well as avoiding unnecessary vaccinations, goes a long way to preventing these worms. Regular de-worming for puppies, using safe medications, kills GI parasites that can harm your young dog and infect human household members.

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VACCINE TITER TESTING

Titer testing replaces annual vaccines for most infectious diseases in dogs. We know that vaccines, given early in life, can induce immunity for many years. We don’t know the status of each individual’s immune system after vaccination, so titer testing is done to give us an accurate picture of his immunity to common diseases. Vaccines are given only if titer testing indicates a need, and if the dog is healthy enough to receive a booster immunization. Titer testing personalizes vaccine recommendations for your dog and reduces unnecessary vaccination. Try to find a doctor who regularly does titer testing, to allow for an accurate interpretation of your dog’s immunization needs, and lower costs.

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It’s important that your dog gets checked over by your veterinarian at least once a year when he’s young. After five years of age, twice-yearly visits are recommended, since dogs age more quickly than we do. A veterinary exam should be an integral part of his health care regimen, and will help keep him with you for many years to come.

Is sleeping next to your dog

good for you?

In a time when most of us are feeling a lot more stressed, there’s some good news. Having your dog sleep beside you in bed is actually a lot more beneficial than you might think. Newborn puppies huddle together because that’s where they feel the safest and most comfortable. When your dog wants to sleep beside you, it’s because she considers you “part of the pack”. But she’s not the only one who benefits from snuggling at night! Here are four reasons why sleeping with your furry friend next to you might improve your health and well-being.

Dogs make you feel safer

A survey carried out by Policy Expert showed that 41% of people feel safer when they live with a dog, and 75% feel as if having a dog reduces the likelihood of their homes being broken into.

You’re at your most vulnerable when you’re in bed, especially if you live alone — so chances are you’ll feel safer if you have your pooch snuggled up beside you. That feeling of safety and security is bound to result in a good night’s sleep too!

Being close to your dog can make you feel happier Dogs are their own kind of antidepressant. Spending time with your pup — even just gazing into her eyes — releases oxytocin. Commonly nicknamed “the love hormone” or the “the cuddle hormone”, oxytocin is released when you look at your dog. If just looking at your dog makes you happier, imagine what a cuddle will do!

Dogs can ease stress and anxiety

When we climb into bed at night, we have a tendency to worry and overthink, which results in a notso-great night’s sleep. Spending time with our dogs, whether it be taking them for a walk, or having them beside us in bed can lower our cortisol levels, which is the hormone our bodies release when we’re stressed out. Lower cortisol levels may help keep blood pressure lower, too!

Dogs are warm

Having your dog sleep beside you in bed can save on your heating bills! Dogs have a higher body temperature than us, averaging between 37.8° to 39.17° Celsius, making them the perfect alternative to a hot water bottle (which goes cold after a while, anyway) or a pricey heating bill! CanadianDOGS.com

HOW TO MAKE thePerfect Doggy

Charcuterie Board

Most dog lovers agree that “date night” with your dog is better than many human encounters. Of course, any special night that involves your canine companion must also include food! And what better way to do that than with a scrumptious charcuterie board! Perfect for

enjoying while you both curl up with a good movie, a dog-friendly charcuterie board can include many delicacies any foodie would love. There are just a few things to keep in mind.

Pumpkin dip

ice l s e l p Ap

gy g o D eats tr

Roasted kale chips

Grilled chicken (skinless)

Watermelon

VEGGIES & FRUIT

Try sliced carrots (raw or steamed), snap peas, red bell peppers, steamed green beans, and/or a variety of fruits, including blueberries, watermelon and apple. And canned pumpkin makes the perfect dip! See our article on p. 29 for more ideas. 72

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CHEESE

The most important part of a charcuterie board is the cheese. Dogs can eat cheese in small amounts, but steer clear of blue cheese as it can be detrimental to your pup’s health.

MEATS

Cured meats like salami, serrano ham and chorizo are high in sodium and fat, which isn’t good for your pooch. Instead, opt for unseasoned cooked white meats, such as chicken and turkey or ground beef.

You can also add a little bit of cottage cheese to your board. It’s considerably lower in sodium and fat than most other cheeses.

ie Blueberr

Raw snap peas

Roasted sweet potato cubes

Cottage cheese

Carrot slices CRACKERS

Pumpkin seeds PHOTOGRAPHY BY: DANA COX

Many crackers are typically high in sodium, even for us — so they’ll have too much salt for your pup! Healthy low-calorie dog biscuits and treats are the ideal substitutes. CanadianDOGS.com

TOP 7 WAYS TO NATURALLY BOOST YOUR DOG’S IMMUNE SYSTEM BY KATIE KANGAS, DVM, CVA, CVCP

Healthy immunity is one of the foundations of wellness for your dog. Here are the seven ways you can naturally support his immune system. You probably know that the immune system is responsible for protecting your dog’s body — and your own! — from infections. But it does much more than that. The immune system also regulates inflammation (the source of all chronic disease), suppresses cancer cells, and helps identify and rid the body of chemicals, toxins, germs, etc. Clearly, it’s important to make immune care a big part of your dog’s wellness regimen. What you may not know is that your dog’s capacity for a healthy immune system actually starts in his gastrointestinal tract. In fact, it is estimated that the majority of the immune system is based in the gut! This means your dog will be heartier, healthier, and more resilient to all kinds of diseases if he has a healthy gut. Another important goal is to minimize his exposure to the common offenders that can suppress immune system function. This article highlights seven ways to naturally support your dog’s immune system so that he stays as strong and healthy as possible. 74

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Feed your dog a balanced, fresh, or low-processed diet that contains species-appropriate ingredients. Heavily-processed foods that contain high carbohydrate percentages (i.e. many commercial pet foods) alter the gut microbiome and cause inflammation, which can lead to leaky gut syndrome, digestive problems, immune system compromise, etc. Processed pet foods also contain a lot of additives and preservatives, in addition to the glyphosates/herbicides used in growing the ingredients.

Provide a trace mineral supplement, such as in the form of kelp or seaweed powder. Trace minerals are typically deficient in all diets, yet are strategically important in immune health, endocrine health, digestion, and all organ system function. This group of minerals includes magnesium, selenium, zinc, potassium, and iodine.

Minimize ingestion and exposure to toxins. Offer purified versus tap water. Don’t spray your lawn or yards with pesticides. Limit the use of flea products and other chemicals as much as possible. Toxins can cause significant damage to your dog’s gut (and the rest of his body), leading to leaky gut syndrome, immune challenges, and numerous other health issues.

Give a broadspectrum probiotic or daily serving of fermented foods to your dog. Fermented food options for dogs include kefir/raw fermented dairy, small quantities of fermented veggies, fermented fish stock, etc.

Avoid overuse of medications, such as antibiotics, antacids, and pain meds, as well as over-vaccination. Many core vaccines provide protection for several years. Discuss best vaccination practices for your dog with your veterinarian, considering age, lifestyle, geographical location, etc.

IMMUNE FUNCTION IN THE GUT RELIES ON TWO FACTORS

Add a digestive enzyme supplement to her meals every day. The ancestral diets of dogs were not cooked, especially not at the high temperatures used in modern-day commercial pet food processing. Enzymes are destroyed at temperatures above 115°F so adding digestive enzymes to your dog’s meals can support improved digestion and gut health.

Add a daily medicinal mushroom supplement to your dog’s food. Mushrooms such as Reishi, Shiitake, Maitake, Cordyceps, Turkey Tail, and Lion’s Mane qualify as “superfood” supplements, as they provide numerous health benefits. They are most recognized for immune modulation and anti-cancer properties, but also provide minerals, antioxidants, prebiotic fibres, and vitamin D.

GUT BARRIER INTEGRITY The gut barrier is essentially the inner surface lining of the intestines. When the gut is healthy, this lining is an effective layer of protection for the rest of the body, allowing appropriate things to be absorbed across the intestinal wall, and keeping other things from permeating through. In fact, this layer is termed the intelligent barrier, because it has the innate intelligence to allow nutrients to absorb while preventing harmful agents from gaining access to the circulatory system and the rest of the body. This intelligent gut barrier also protects the GALT (gut associated lymphatic tissue), which comprises 60% to 70% of the immune system and creates up to 80% of antibodies.

MICROBIOME BALANCE AND DIVERSITY The microbiome refers to the vast ecosystem of beneficial microbes living inside the body, which encompasses a wide collection of beneficial “bugs”, including numerous types of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. To give you some perspective, the number of organisms in your dog’s microbiome greatly exceeds the numbers of host cells in his body. Technically speaking, that means your dog is more bacteria than canine! Clearly, these microbe entities must have some significant purpose and impact within the body. The microbiome plays a critical role not only in the body’s immune system function, but also in the control of inflammation, digestion, brain performance, and even mood and behaviour.

After earning her veterinary degree in 1993, Dr. Katie Kangas achieved her CVA certification at the Chi Institute in 2008, followed by additional training in Advanced Acupuncture, Food Therapy, Herbal Medicine and Veterinary Orthopedic Manipulation. Her areas of special interest include nutrition/food medicine, dental health and pain management.

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Y COREN BY STANLE

have Dogs may m mo n more in co n we with us tha he n t hou g ht w it comes to e quantitativ thinking.

An eminent visiting professor at a talk I attended stated categorically that it’s not the ability to fashion and use tools that sets humans apart from lower animals, but rather our ability to do mathematics — even simple arithmetic. A colleague of mine leaned over and whispered “Do you think that’s true?” I replied, in what I hoped was a light-hearted manner, “You know, they say that there’s a test for this. Try letting your dog see you put three dog biscuits in your pocket. Then give him only two of them and see what happens.” 76

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CAN DOGS JUDGE SIZE? Scientifically speaking, some people doubt that dogs are capable of even the most rudimentary form of quantitative thinking. What do we mean by this? In its most basic form, analyzing the world in a quantitative way involves the judgment of size — being able to determine if one thing is larger than another. Early researchers tested this on dogs by putting out two balls of hamburger, one large and the other small. When they found that dogs were as likely to choose the small one as the large, they concluded that dogs could not estimate size. But there is a flaw in this test. Dogs think

could be taught to always choose the larger (or smaller) of two objects, regardless of the shape or identity of the objects, and they learned this quite easily.

CAN DOGS ACTUALLY COUNT? Judging numerosity is a slightly more difficult aspect of quantitative reasoning. Numerosity simply refers to the ability to compare two groups of items. As humans, we do this when we judge which of two crowds contains more people, for example. We don’t need to count or have any idea of the specific number of people in either group in order to know. So what about a dog who runs to a pile that contains ten pieces of kibble, rather than to the pile next to it that contains only four pieces? Is she making her decision based upon her ability to judge the number of kibbles in each pile? It appears so! In the laboratory, dogs show they can judge numerosity by learning to press a panel that has more (or fewer) dots painted on it in order to get a food reward. The next level up is simple counting, and this is an ability that dogs — especially work and sporting dogs — frequently demonstrate. For example, in field trials for retrievers, higher level tasks require dogs to be able to count to at least three. This

opportunistically, with “a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush” mentality. If the two plates of meat were at different distances, the dog would always grab the closest. BUT, if they were at equal distances, the dog would go after the larger portion, demonstrating that he did understand the notion of size. Norton Milgram, at the University of Toronto, used a different test to confirm that dogs can judge size accurately. He placed two objects of different sizes on a tray. If the dog pushed the correct object, he would find a food treat underneath. The dogs

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is because, if three ducks have been dropped, and the dog has already retrieved two, he must know that there is still one more out in the field to retrieve.

WHAT ABOUT SIMPLE MATH? So if dogs can count, it seems natural to ask whether they can do simple arithmetic. Robert Young of the Pontifical Catholic University in Brazil, and Rebecca West of the University of Lincoln in the UK, attempted to demonstrate this idea by modifying a test that has been used to prove that human infants have the ability to count. The procedure involves something called “preferential viewing”, which simply measures the length of time that infants spend looking at things. Research confirms that infants (just like adults) will stare at something unexpected or unusual for a longer time. The human test is quite simple. First, the experimenter shows the child a small doll on a table. Then a low screen is put in front of the doll to block the child from seeing it. While the child watches, the experimenter takes another doll, shows it to the child and then puts it behind the screen. If the child can count, she should expect that when the screen is raised she should see two dolls — and sometimes she does. However, other times, the experimenter secretly removes one of the dolls so that now when the screen is raised, only one doll is visible. When this occurs, the babies stare at what is on the table for much longer after the screen has been raised. Psychologists believe that this confirms that infants have made the mental calculation and are now surprised to find that the number of dolls they see is different from what they expected.

In the canine version of this test, the experimenter showed the dog a single large treat and then put a low screen in front of it. Next, the dog watched as the experimenter obviously placed another treat behind the screen. If the dog can do the math, he knows that 1 + 1 = 2, and he should expect to see two treats when the screen is raised. However, just as in the case of the infants, sometimes the experimenters secretly removed the second treat, so that when the screen was raised, the dog saw only one. As in the case of the babies, the dogs stared at this unexpected outcome for a longer time than they did when the arithmetic came out correctly, apparently “surprised” at what they saw. Similarly, if an extra treat was secretly added so that the dogs saw three instead of the expected two, the dogs appeared to be equally surprised. This suggests that dogs can not only count, but can also do simple addition and subtraction.

MATH SKILLS IN PRACTICE The ability to count and do simple arithmetic might seem to be a superfluous skill for dogs, but it is a useful ability that could have been vital to dog’s wild ancestors. For example, it would be useful for a female to know if all of her pups were present in the den or if one of them had somehow gone astray and required rescuing. Despite this display of arithmetic ability in dogs, I wouldn’t give one my pocket calculator quite yet, since she is still more apt to view it as a chew toy rather than a mathematical tool!

Stanley Coren is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychology at the University of British Columbia. He is also an award winning behavioural researcher, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and was named as one of the 2,000 outstanding scientists of the 20th century. His many books on dog behaviour and human-canine interactions have been international bestsellers. His awards include the prestigious Maxwell Medal of Excellence from The Dog Writers Association of America for his book Born to Bark. Coren has been featured on Oprah, Larry King, and can be heard broadcasting a radio column on CBC. His newest book is Do Dogs Dream?

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

BREED DIRECTORY WELCOME TO OUR BREED DIRECTORY This is a wonderful resource if you’re looking for a purebred dog or a rare dog. The breed summaries give you a brief but fascinating glimpse into the history, appearance and care of each breed. Please note we’ve rated exercise and grooming requirements based on the legend at right.

BEFORE YOU START LOOKING FOR YOUR NEW BEST FRIEND, consider your lifestyle, your other family

members (two- and four-legged) and your commitment to exercise, grooming and training. That should help narrow down the breeds that are right for you!

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This is a paid advertising section and we’ve made every effort to ensure the information is presented accurately. The publisher cannot be held responsible for any claims made in the advertising listings, or any issues that arise as a result of errors or omissions.

Dogs have lived alongside humans for thousands of years. Over that time, they’ve been bred to serve many roles, from helping hunt game, to containing vermin, to snuggling. The Canadian Kennel Club (CKC) categorizes dogs based on seven different groups. Though the breeds in our Rare Breeds Directory are not yet recognized by the CKC, we’ve included them in their own section.

THE GROUPS GROUP 1 - SPORTING DOGS Bred to assist hunters on land or in water

Barbet Griffon (Wire-Haired Pointing) Lagotto Romagnolo Pointer (German Long-Haired) Pointer (German Short-Haired) Pointer (German Wire-Haired) Retriever (Chesapeake Bay) Retriever (Curly-Coated) Retriever (Flat-Coated) Retriever (Golden) Retriever (Labrador) Retriever (Nova Scotia Duck Tolling) Setter (English)

Setter (Gordon) Setter (Irish) Setter (Irish Red and White) Spaniel (American Cocker) Spaniel (Brittany) Spaniel (Clumber) Spaniel (English Cocker) Spaniel (English Springer) Spaniel (Irish Water) Spaniel (Welsh Springer) Spinone Italiano Vizsla (Smooth-Haired) Vizsla (Wire-Haired) Weimaraner

GROUP 2 - HOUNDS

Bred to hunt by scent or sight Afghan Hound American Foxhound Basenji Basset Hound Beagle Black and Tan Coonhound Bloodhound Borzoi Dachshund (Miniature Long-Haired) Dachshund (Miniature Smooth-Haired) Dachshund (Miniature Wire-Haired) Dachshund (Standard Smooth) Dachshund (Standard Wire-Haired) Deerhound (Scottish)

Continued on page 80.

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Drever English Foxhound Finnish Spitz Greyhound Ibizan Hound Irish Wolfhound Norrbottenspets Norwegian Elkhound Norwegian Lundehund Otterhound Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen Pharaoh Hound Rhodesian Ridgeback Saluki Shikoku Whippet

GROUP 3 - WORKING DOGS Bred to guard, pull and rescue Akita Alaskan Malamute American Bulldog Anatolian Shepherd Bernese Mountain Dog Black Russian Terrier Boxer Bullmastiff Canaan Dog Canadian Eskimo Dog Cane Corso Doberman Pinscher Entlebucher Mountain Dog Eurasier Field Spaniel Great Dane Great Pyrenees Greater Swiss Mountain Dog Karelian Bear Dog Komondor Kuvasz Leonberger Mastiff Newfoundland Portuguese Water Dog Rottweiler Samoyed Schnauzer (Giant) Schnauzer (Standard) Siberian Husky St. Bernard Tibetan Mastiff

GROUP 4 - TERRIERS

Bred to hunt and kill vermin Airedale Terrier American Staffordshire Terrier Australian Terrier 80

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Bedlington Terrier Border Terrier Bull Terrier Bull Terrier (Miniature) Cairn Terrier Cesky Terrier Dandie Dinmont Terrier Glen of Imaal Terrier Fox Terrier (Smooth) Fox Terrier (Wire) Irish Terrier Jack Russell Terrier Kerry Blue Terrier Lakeland Terrier Manchester Terrier Norfolk Terrier Norwich Terrier Parson Russell Terrier Rat Terrier Schnauzer (Miniature) Scottish Terrier Sealyham Terrier Silky Terrier Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier Staffordshire Bull Terrier Welsh Terrier West Highland White Terrier

GROUP 5 - TOYS

Bred for companionship Affenpinscher Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Chihuahua (Long Coat) Chihuahua (Short Coat) Chinese Crested Coton de Tulear Griffon (Brussels) Havanese Italian Greyhound Japanese Chin King Charles Spaniel Maltese Papillon Pekingese Pomeranian Poodle (Toy) Pug Toy Fox Terrier Yorkshire Terrier

GROUP 6 - NON-SPORTING A diverse group of dogs that don’t fit into other groups American Eskimo Dog Bichon Frise Boston Terrier Bulldog

Chinese Shar-Pei Chow Chow Dalmatian French Bulldog German Pinscher Keeshond Lhasa Apso Lowchen Poodle (Miniature) Poodle (Standard) Schipperke Shiba Inu Shih Tzu Tibetan Spaniel Tibetan Terrier

GROUP 7 - HERDING

Bred to manage the movements of other animals Australian Cattle Dog Australian Kelpie Australian Shepherd Bearded Collie Belgian Shepherd Dog Border Collie Bouviers des Flandres Briard Collie (Rough) Collie (Smooth) Dutch Shepherd Dog Finnish Lapphund German Shepherd Dog Iceland Sheepdog Mudi Norwegian Buhund Old English Sheepdog Polish Lowland Sheepdog Portuguese Sheepdog Puli Schapendoes (Dutch Sheepdog) Shetland Sheepdog Spanish Water Dog Swedish Vallhund Welsh Corgi (Cardigan) Welsh Corgi (Pembroke)

RARE BREEDS Bolognese Kleiner Münsterländer Miniature American Shepherd Miniature Australian Shepherd Pumi Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka Shiloh Shepherd White Shepherd

AIREDALE TERRIER

Airedale Terrier

AFGHAN HOUND

Photo: Da’Ghan Reg’d

History In the 1600s, dogs resembling the Affenpinscher were bred in Germany to rid homes and stables of vermin. Over the next hundred years, selective breeding produced a slightly smaller dog with superb ratting skills and a lively, sociable nature. It’s likely the German Pinscher, the Schnauzer and the Pug all played a part in the Affenpinscher’s development. The spirited, blackbearded terriers became part of the household – a position documented in European art from the 15th to 18th centuries. Studying the Affenpinscher’s bearded face, it’s easy to see the origin of the breed’s nickname: “Monkey Terrier”. Personality Interested in everyone and everything, the Affenpinscher is a social fellow who needs interaction with people, places and other animals. He is smart and attentive, so a stimulating environment brings out the best in him. As bold and stubborn as he is playful and charming, the Affenpinscher benefits from knowledgeable training. Appearance 9 ½-11 ½” (24.13-28 cm) 7-8 lb (3-3.36 kg) Black or black and tan, grey, red or other variations. Wiry coat, shaggy and longer on the legs and around eyes, nose and chin. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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History In the mid 1800s, middle class workers in the Aire Valley of Yorkshire, England were plagued with pests such as History Originating around the borders of rats and otters. Normally, the problem was Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan, the Afghan managed with terriers for the rats and water Hound is one of the oldest sighthound dogs for the otters. However, most people breeds. Rich and poor alike prized these could not afford the cost of keeping multiple dogs for their protective nature but most dogs. In 1853, breeders sought a solution of all for their ability to hunt. Afghans were by crossing rough-coated Black and Tan bred to be supreme hunters, pursuing Terriers with Otterhounds. The result was the everything from gazelles to hares, and even Waterside Terrier, a keen terrier-type hunter their traditional quarry, leopards. Hunted who could swim. The breed took off, and was alone or in braces, Afghans relied on their renamed the Airedale Terrier in 1879. independent thinking skills to successfully The Airedale was first brought to North bring down the big cats. America in the 1880s, and Airedales are now The breed came to Europe in the late 19th one of the most versatile terriers, hunting fur century after British soldiers spotted them or feather, acting as a retriever, herding and in India. While Afghans are known for their guarding. Airedales were one of the earliest long elegant coats, initially there were two police dogs and an active presence in the First varieties: the lean short-coated desert-bred and Second World Wars. The breed’s great hound, and the heavier-coated mountain versatility and size truly make the Airedale hound. These two types were interbred after “King of Terriers”. their introduction to the Western world, and the result was the impressive hound we Personality An intelligent and brave dog, Airedales have big personalities and huge know today. hearts. While they can be aloof with other Personality Elegant and sometimes aloof, dogs and strangers, they are lively and playful the Afghan Hound can seem standoffish at with their own people. Regular exercise both first. But this breed is loyal to his people, and on and off leash keeps these energetic dogs has a surprising sense of humour. Incredible happy. Their versatility and intelligence make athletes, Afghans require adequate exercise, them good for obedience or similar work. but don’t be surprised to find them curled up on the couch afterwards. They have Appearance 22-24” (56-61 cm) a high prey drive, so Afghans should be 40-45 lb (18-30 kg) watched around cats or other small animals. Dense wiry outercoat with soft downy Appearance 24-29” (61-73 cm) undercoat. Coat lies straight and close to the 50-60 lb (22-27 kg) body, with some wave or crinkle acceptable. Long fine coat, silken in texture, topped Tan body with saddle of black or dark grizzle with short hair from the shoulder along on midsection. the length of the back. Face is short-coated, Quick Facts head is crowned with a topknot of long Exercise Requirements hair. All colours are acceptable, but white Grooming markings are discouraged. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming YT Da’Ghan Reg’d, Sheila Vig Robertson. Healthy Happy Hounds, Puppies and adults are sometimes available. Our dogs are successful in conformation, agility, hiking and lure coursing...most of all they are couch potatoes with love to share. (867) 668-3885 or (867) 3342916; clif@northwestel.net

AB Aireheart Airedale Terrier, Jorien Becker. We here at Aireheart take the raising of our pups extremely seriously. We build a solid foundation for your pup before they leave at ten weeks of age, by using the Puppy Culture program and Absolute Dog training. Our stock is imported from strong European kennels, with international champion bloodlines. Visit our website for more details. www.aireheart.com ON Ingle Valley Reg’d, Marian Murray. (613) 354-5993; inglevly@sympatico.ca

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PUREBRED

AFFENPINSCHER

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

AMERICAN BULLDOG

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

ALASKAN MALAMUTE

History Some 4,000 years ago, when the Bering Strait provided access from Siberia to Alaska, an Inuit tribe known as the Mahlemuts came to North America, bringing along their dogs. Strong, hardy and exceptionally suited to harsh northern conditions, these dogs hauled sleds and carried packs, allowing the Inuit to travel where food was most plentiful. The dogs In 1931, the breed was declared a natural were prized and never sold to non-Inuit monument worthy of careful preservation. homes until the Klondike Gold Rush of The first Akita arrived in North America in 1896 when American prospectors bought 1937 with Helen Keller, who was given one good dogs for hundreds of dollars. on a visit to Japan. But it wasn’t until after Personality The Alaskan Malamute is a World War II when soldiers stationed in Japan friendly dog who loves all people equally brought a large number of Akitas home with and does not bond particularly closely. them that the breed really gained popularity Early socialization and training will teach him where he stands in his family “pack”. in North America. Bred to work hard, the Alaskan Malamute Personality The Akita is dignified, fearless and needs lots of exercise, and a large fenced very loyal to his owner. He likes to dominate yard is a necessity. other dogs, and is reserved with people he Appearance 23-28” (58-71 cm) doesn’t know. An alert, quiet dog who only 75-85 lb (34-39 kg) barks occasionally, he makes a good family Thick, coarse outercoat. Dense, oily, companion, but he’s also active, powerful and wooly undercoat. Solid white, mostly athletic and needs lots of outdoor exercise. white with shadings from light grey to black, sable, red. Appearance 23-27.5” (58-70 cm) Quick Facts 75-120 lb (34-54.5 kg) Exercise Requirements Straight, harsh outer coat; short, dense Grooming undercoat; any colour is acceptable.

History When colonists came to North America in the 17th century, one of the dogs they brought with them was the Bulldog, commonly used for the blood sport of bullbaiting. The traits that made this breed so effective in the sport also made it highly suitable for managing the tough free-range hogs and cattle typical in the southwest. Some believe the American Bulldog remains true to the original English Bulldog that arrived off the ships, free from the changes brought to the breed in England. Others believe these dogs evolved through selective breeding and the addition of Bull Terrier bloodlines. Either way, the American Bulldog closely resembles English Bulldogs pictured in the early 1800s.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Akita

AKITA

History The regal Akita is the largest Japanese Spitz breed and has been around for approximately 300 years. He is related to the Ainu and the Shiba Inu, and as his name suggests, comes from the Akita region of northern Japan. He was originally used to hunt large game like bear, deer and boar.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Changes in technology and farming left the American Bulldog nearly extinct by the end of WWII but the breed was revived by John D. Johnson and Allen Scott (who preferred a smaller body type). Personality A hardworking fellow, the American Bulldog is a brave and determined dog who will loyally protect his family and livestock. Johnson-type dogs are larger and more overt guardians, while Scotttype dogs tend to be smaller and more athletically inclined. Both benefit from lots of socialization and training at an early age. Appearance 20-27” (51-69 cm) 60-125 lb (27-57 kg) Short, close stiff coat. Any colour, pattern or combination except black, solid blue and tricolour. Quick Facts

PUREBRED

“I have found that when you are deeply troubled, there are things you get from the silent devoted companionship of a dog that you can get from no other source.” – Doris Day 82

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Rosebull Reg’d, Lesli Rose. American Bulldog puppies for sale in Hagersville, ON. Pups are out of health tested parents, home raised. Vet checked, ABRA registered, properly socialized, potty trained, crate conditioned and chew toy conditioned. Breeder support for the life of your puppy. Families and puppies are enrolled in online training program. (905) 379-4489; lesli@rosebull. com; www.facebook.com/rosebullkennels

AMERICAN FOXHOUND

AMERICAN STAFFORDSHIRE TERRIER

History Englishman Robert Brooke sailed with his pack of hunting dogs to North America in 1650. A century later, the dogs were paired with a similar breed from France, who had been gifted to George Washington, and the result was the American Foxhound, which would form the basis of every strain of hound in North America. The American Foxhound was trained to work alongside horses for fox hunting, and was bred to be lighter, taller, faster and with a keener sense of smell than its English counterpart. Known for over 200 years for their stamina, they are still used primarily for hunting, and there are now four different categories to consider: field trial hounds, slow-trailing hounds, drag/trail hounds, and pack hounds.

History Like its cousins, the Staffordshire Bull Terrier and the American Pit Bull Terrier, this slightly larger breed also originated from ancient Greek mastiff-type dogs. These were the powerful canines who fought in arenas throughout the Roman Empire. Butchers used the determined dogs to help control bulls; hunters used them to catch and hold wild boar and other game. In England, these roles changed to bull- and bear-baiting until both “sports” were banned in 1835. Out of the ring, the breed won admiration for its handsome appearance and lasting affection for its owner.

- See Spaniel (American Cocker)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

AMERICAN ESKIMO DOG

The American Eskimo Dog’s popularity arose from its widespread use in circuses from the 1920s through 1950s. Famous Eskimo Dogs performed amazing acts like walking the tightrope or dancing with clowns. With three different sizes to choose from, they appealed to a wide range of people and situations. Personality A great companion for athletic Personality These lively dogs are highly owners, the American Foxhound can run for attached to their owners and prefer not to hours without tiring. While he can be sweet be left alone. Energetic and intelligent, they and affectionate indoors, his independent require daily runs and enjoy opportunities disposition can shift quickly when outside, to exercise their minds. They make good so positive and consistent training at an watchdogs and are an excellent choice for early age is very important to harness his obedience or as trick dogs. intense and courageous nature. With his mild personality, the American Foxhound Appearance can become an ideal family member, as long Standard 15-19” (38-48 cm) as his exercise needs are met. Traditionally 18-35 lb (8-16 kg) Miniature 11-15” (28-38 cm) a pack animal, he can be very protective 10-20 lb (4.5-9 kg) if he believes he’s the leader, so establish Toy 9-12” (23-30 cm) boundaries at a young age. 6-10 lb (3-4.5 kg) Appearance 21-25” (53-64 cm) Long straight outercoat with dense undercoat. 65-75 lb (29-34 kg) White is preferred, but biscuit or cream are Close, hard coat that can be any colour, acceptable. most commonly a variation of black, white Quick Facts and tan. A tall hound with long, straight Exercise Requirements front legs. Kind brown eyes set in a large, Grooming slightly domed head with wide ears that fall flat to frame the face, and a long tail with AB slight upward curve. White Phantom Reg’d, Susan Noden. Toy, Miniature and Standard sizes. Optigen tested. RR 2, New Norway, AB. T0B 3L0. (780) 8552577; (780) 781-4706; scrane@syban.net; www. whitephantomkennels.com

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

It was this affable nature that made the breed popular with North American settlers as guard and hunting dogs. In 1936, the AKC recognized the American Pit Bull Terrier but altered the name to Staffordshire Terrier. In 1972, the name was amended again. The American Staffordshire Terrier sets the breed apart from its smaller cousin. Personality The American Staffordshire Terrier can make a stable, loyal and loving friend when socialized at an early age, and trained by someone knowledgeable. He responds quickly and eagerly to instruction. He may be aggressive with other dogs. He needs multiple daily walks to keep him fit and stimulated, and walks that bring a “Staffie” in contact with other dogs and people contribute to his socialization. Appearance 17-19” (43-48 cm) 57-67 lb (26-30.5 kg) Close, glossy coat of any colour. Solid or patched is permissible, but all white, or more than 80 percent white, black and tan, or liver are discouraged. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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PUREBRED

History A member of the Spitz family, which originated some 6,000 years ago with the Peat Bog Dog, the American Eskimo Dog arose from a line of dogs from Switzerland that came to be known as German Spitz. The breed came to North America in the early 1900s. Possibly due to anti-German sentiment during the First World War, the breed’s name was changed to American Spitz in 1913, and then to American Eskimo Dog in 1917.

American Staffordshire Terrier

AMERICAN COCKER SPANIEL

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Anatolian Shepherd Dog

ANATOLIAN SHEPHERD DOG AUSTRALIAN CATTLE DOG

History An ancient guardian breed, the Anatolian Shepherd migrated with the Turks from central Asia to what is now Turkey, more than 4,000 years ago. There, they were cherished by nomadic shepherds for their keen ability to defend livestock against predators, and were fondly dubbed “koban copek”, a Turkish name for “shepherd’s dog”. These brave dogs travelled far and wide with their guardians and were trusted to make independent decisions regarding the safety of their herds. The Anatolian Shepherd was eventually brought to North America in the 1950s and was accepted as a registered breed by the Canadian Kennel Club in 2021. Personality Protective, loyal and astute, the Anatolian Shepherd is devoted to its people, thrives in new situations, and will keep a loving, watchful eye on children and other family pets. Naturally wary of strangers, the Anatolian Shepherd can become territorial and dominating, so it’s not a “beginner dog”, but proper socialization at an early age, as well as strong leadership, is all it takes to prevent these unwanted behaviours. Appearance 27-31” (68-79 cm) 80-150 lb (36-68 kg) Short to medium-length rough coat. Fawn or brindle with black or dark brown mask. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

mother and christened Kelpie II. In 1872, Kelpie II outperformed her competitors at New South Wales’ first sheepdog trial. Thereafter, the famous dog’s offspring became known as Kelpie’s pups. Today, Australian Kelpies herd sheep with uncanny instinct, but the breed is equally skilled at working cattle.

Personality A tireless dog “who would rather work than eat”, the Kelpie requires an environment that challenges his intelligence, agility and stamina. He will thrive at Agility, Disc Dog and Flyball, and his eagerness to please History As his name suggests, the Australian qualifies him for obedience work. As long as he Cattle Dog was bred to work cattle in the is properly socialized around children, he is a “land down under”. The stockmen needed calm and friendly pet at home. a rugged herding dog that could move the Appearance 17-23” (43-58 cm) wily, free range cattle over long distances, 26-45 lb (11-20 kg) across tough terrain and in unseasonable weather. They carefully developed the Short-coated either black, red, blue, fawn or Australian Cattle Dog from a variety of cream, in solid or with tan markings, with or breeds, including blue merle Smooth without minimal white markings. Collies, the native Dingo, and the Kelpie. Quick Facts Before settling on the current name, the Exercise Requirements breed was known as the Queensland Heeler, Grooming the Blue Heeler and the Australian Heeler. Personality Courageous, intelligent, and alert, the Australian Cattle Dog’s innate loyalty makes him a natural watchdog and guardian. Not surprisingly, his devotion to duty can make him wary of strangers. Training and exercise are crucial, and fortunately, this breed is eager to learn and please!

AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD

Appearance 17-20” (43-51 cm) 33-50 lb (15-23 kg) Sturdy, compact, strong and muscular with a moderately short, straight outer coat and a short dense undercoat. Coat is not clipped or trimmed. Recognized colours are Blue, which can include blue or bluemottled, with or without black, blue or tan markings, and Red, which features a coat with an even red speckle. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

AUSTRALIAN KELPIE

History The Australian Shepherd had its beginnings in Spain and Andorra with Basque shepherds who used Pyrenean Shepherds to care for their herds. These dogs followed the Basques as they travelled first to Australia, then to the United States in the 1840s. Once in North America, the dogs were assumed to have originated in Australia and were named accordingly. By the late 1800s, the breed became quite popular in the western states. The dogs were known for their intelligence, versatility, and of course, their excellent herding ability. Over the years, the breed has been augmented with others such as Smithfields, Border Collies and Collies, eventually producing the Australian Shepherd we now know and love.

Personality Smart and friendly. Australian Shepherds do equally well as family pets or working herders. Because of their working History Few breeds can trace their origin, these dogs require lots of exercise. ancestry as directly as the Australian Kelpie. They make excellent obedience and sporting Brutus and Jenny were two black and tan dogs, learn quickly and love their jobs. Smooth Collies brought to Australia from Scotland in the 1870s. One of their pups Appearance 18-23” (45-58 cm) 40-65 lb (18-29 kg) was bred to a clever, female Australian dog named Kelpie (Gaelic for “water sprite”). Weather-resistant double coat whose undercoat One of this litter was the image of her varies seasonally. Moderate mane and frill.

BARBET

BASENJI

Basenji

A variety of colours including black, red, blue merle and red merle. Various white and/or tan markings and points. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

AUSTRALIAN TERRIER

MBPIG BPIS C. Ch RoVer’s PennyLane with Multiple Group placements. Bred and owned by Veronica Matthews.

History This ancient breed originated in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where its intelligence and speed made it an ideal hunting dog. Devoted to its owners, Basenjis provided protection, as well as companionship. The breed is thought to have descended from the earliest pariah dogs and it has evolved for survival. Basenjis possess a marked sturdiness.

History An ancient breed, the Barbet is the likely progenitor of many modern dogs, including Bichons, Griffons, Otterhounds, Newfoundlands, Briards and Poodles. References to this French water dog, named for its characteristic “barbe” or beard, date back as early as the 14th century, though the breed is believed to be far older than that. “The African Barkless Dog” was brought to the Originally used to retrieve at sea, the Barbet’s UK in 1936. The breed’s unique qualities and thick wooly coat and webbed feet make him appearance piqued interest there and in North an ideal gun dog in swamps. Unfortunately, America, and Basenjis soon gained popularity.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Personality The Basenji’s inquisitive nature is reflected in his alert, curious expression. He is an intelligent dog who thrives in a stimulating environment where he can use his acute sense of sight and smell. The Basenji benefits from exercising in large, safe areas. Aloof toward strangers, but eager to accompany their owners, Basenjis do not like to be left alone. And despite their nickname, Basenjis do vocalize; they can “chortle”, yodel and crow like roosters. Another unique feature of the breed is their cleanliness. Basenjis groom themselves like cats, and are essentially odourless. Appearance 16-17” (40.5-43 cm) 21-24 lb (9.5-11 kg) Short, sleek coat in four colour variations: red and white, black and white, brindle and white, and tri-colour, all markings with distinct demarcations. Prick ears, unique forehead wrinkles and tight, curly tail give them an appealing look.

PUREBRED

History The Australian Terrier appeared in the late 19th century and was the first Australian-bred dog to be recognized in Australia. Rugged, hardy and fearless, with short legs, sturdiness, and speed, the Australian Terrier was an ideal hunter who helped control rodent problems. In addition to his hunting skills, he served as a devoted companion and helper during tough times and in tough terrain. The breed comes from a mix of terriers who were brought to Australia as breeds like the Poodle gained popularity, by Scottish and Northern English settlers, the Barbet was forgotten and nearly became including the Yorkshire Terrier, Scottish extinct in the late 19th century. Terrier, and the Dandie Dinmont Terrier. Personality This all-purpose, high energy Personality This brave and loyal dog is a dog is cheerful, friendly, and always up for an loving pet and truly devoted to his family. adventure. They are quick learners, highly Like any water dog, he enjoys a swim no intelligent, and have a strong desire to please, matter what the weather. Eager to please, which makes them ideal for training. Their he loves a good romp outside and is easy to intelligence means that they can get bored if train. not stimulated, so it is a good idea to keep an Australian Terrier fairly busy. As born hunters, Appearance 20-25” (51-65 cm) they are prone to chasing after small animals, 33-55 lb (15-25 kg) so keep an eye out if squirrels are around! Australian Terriers build strong bonds with Long wooly coat, forms cords naturally. their families, but can appear aloof to outsiders. Hair on head reaches to the nose and They’re also quick to defend their families covers eyes. Thick beard and moustache. from other dogs or strangers, which makes Comes in a variety of solid colours: black, them ideal watchdogs. grey, white, tawny, chestnut, red fawn, sandy, pied. Appearance 10-11” (25-28 cm) Approx. 14 lb (6.5 kg) Quick Facts Harsh, straight outercoat with soft Exercise Requirements undercoat. Silky, light-coloured topknot. Grooming Distinct ruff and apron. Colours include solid red, solid sandy, various shades of ON RoVer Barbets, Veronica Matthews. Our blue and tan.

Quick Facts goal is to provide happy balanced family Exercise Requirements companions. Parents are health tested. Grooming Puppies are raised in a home environment and are available occasionally to approved homes. (705) 783-1106; roverbarbets@gmail.com; www.roverbarbets.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

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BEAGLE

History “Basset” is based on the French word “bas”, which means “low”. The dog we now know as the Basset Hound originated in France. It was founded on two Basset Artésien Normand littermates who were imported to England in 1874. The new English Basset was greatly inbred and began to fail. In 1892, judge and breeder Everett Millais revived the breed by adding Bloodhound lineage. The result was the large, low-slung dog now known as the Basset Hound.

History Primarily used as a rabbit-hunting dog, the Beagle may have been around since 430 BC, when Xenophon referred to a small hound that hunted hares by scent and was followed on foot. During the time of Henry VIII, the Beagle was small enough to be carried to the hunting ground in a sleeve or saddle bag. This small size was impractical, however, and the use of Beagles in hunting greatly declined by the reign of Elizabeth I. The breed was kept alive by the farmers of southern England, where the dogs were favoured for their skill at hunting rabbits.

History Bearded Collies were first developed in Scotland, where for centuries they were bred as a herding and droving dog. The breed’s specific canine antecedents are uncertain, though some claim Polish Lowland Sheepdogs were a primary ancestor. Whatever their history, the breed became very popular in the Victorian era. Efforts to create a registry for Bearded Collies in the late 19th century met with difficulty. While several dogs met the breed description, few were ever registered.

Personality With his outgoing personality, the Beagle is quick to win over the human heart. He is confident, playful and always cheerful. Being a hunting hound, the Beagle does have a loud voice and can be a bit noisy at times. He loves to get out and about, exploring the world around him. Beagles are relatively easy to train, and particularly enjoy their treats.

wet or grey. A loving family pet, the bubbly Bearded Collie also makes a wonderful therapy dog.

Appearance 13-16” (33-40 cm) 22-35 lb (10-16 kg)

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

While Basset Hounds were initially bred for dog shows rather than sport, they were unique hunting dogs whose slower pace allowed for a different style of hunting. Bassets were primarily used to hunt badger and hare. The breed was first imported to North America in 1883 but didn’t gain popularity here until the 1920s. By the 1950s, the Basset Hound was a familiar sight, appearing in many films and TV shows and acting as the logo for Hush Puppies. Personality Super easy-going, the Basset Hound is a great family pet. He can be stubborn at times, but is generally a wellbehaved pleasant companion. Like any scent hound, he may get distracted by an interesting smell. While he enjoys a good romp, the Basset is known for stamina rather than speed. Basset Hounds love their food, and should be watched for excess weight gain. Appearance 13-15” (33-38 cm) 50-70 lb (22-32 kg)

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BEARDED COLLIE

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Basset Hound

BASSET HOUND

Short smooth coat. Generally tri-colour (black, white, tan) or bi-colour (lemon, white) but may come in any typical hound colouring. Skin is elastic and somewhat baggy (this loose skin needs to be kept clean, particularly around the eyes and ears). Long droopy ears. Long back with short stocky legs. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming 86

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The breed as we now know it descends from the efforts of Mrs. G.O. Willison, who purchased her first Bearded Collie in 1946. Beagles were brought to North America When the dog was two years old, she had during the 1840s, and continued to be used it inspected for registration and Jeannie for hunting. In England, efforts to create of Bothkennar became the first Bearded a breed standard were underway, but a Collie to be registered in nine years. The first Bearded Collies in North America similar effort didn’t begin in the United likely arrived in the 1890s, but they were not States until the 1870s. Interestingly, the established as a breed until 1970. new breed became more popular in North America than England, and has remained Personality Full of bounce and general good spirits, the Bearded Collie is a funamong the top ten most popular dogs for loving dog. This charming fellow enjoys the well over 30 years. outdoors, and doesn’t mind if the weather is

Dense, hard weatherproof coat of medium length. Any typical hound colour or combination of colours. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Appearance 20-22” (51-56 cm) 40-60 lb (18-27 kg) Shaggy flat overcoat. Soft close undercoat. Beard. Black, blue, brown, grey or fawn in colour, with or without white and tan markings. Colour tends to fade with age.

AB Shaggylane Perm Reg’d, Barbara Niddrie. Over 30 years of experience breeding top quality champions, Best in Show. Well socialized, home raised puppies that are CKC registered and are vet checked with first shots, dewormed and microchipped. Foothills, AB; (403) 938-2259; bniddrie@telus.net QC Dovmar Reg’d, Diane Newman. Montreal, QC. (514) 488-1966; dovmar@sympatico.ca

History Known worldwide as the Belgian Gorenendael, the Belgian Shepherd is the most popular of the four breeds of Belgian Sheepdogs. The name comes from the village of Gorenendael in Belgium, where the Belgium breeder and restaurateur, Nicholas Rose, refined this noble breed. Belgian herding dogs have existed for centuries, but the breeds were not distinguished from one another until the 1800s. These black herding dogs found their calling in World War I when their sharp instincts and intelligence proved useful for finding wounded soldiers, detecting bombs, and carrying messages to the front lines. They have since been used in police and detective work, search and rescue, and as service dogs for the blind and people with special needs.

History One of four types of Swiss Mountain Dogs, the Bernese Mountain Dog (also known as the Berner Sennenhunde), was a working animal, commonly seen driving livestock or hitched to a cart and pulling goods to market. The breed likely originated from the crossbreeding of Mastiffs, brought to Switzerland by the Romans, with local herding dogs.

The new Bedlington Terriers were exceptional game dogs that didn’t tolerate other dogs interfering with their work. Their speed and versatility endeared them to poachers, and the breed is still sometimes called the “gypsy dog”. When introduced to the show world, breeders developed the dog’s characteristic lamb-like clip. Personality Versatile and intelligent, the Bedlington Terrier can learn to do just about anything. He is intensely loyal to his people, though this can change to protectiveness if he feels his family is threatened. With great spirit and a playful charming nature, the Bedlington is said to have the heart of a lion in the body of a lamb.

Personality The hardworking Belgian Shepherd was born to serve, and loves having a purpose in life. Typically utilized by professionals for his detective skills and keen nose, he is also a loyal family dog. Sensitive and intelligent, he does much better with a gentle, positive approach rather than stern guidance. Quick to learn, the Belgian Shepherd excels at agility sports and activities, and is suitable for someone who leads an active lifestyle.

Personality A very loyal dog, the Bernese Mountain Dog is an even-tempered fellow who makes an excellent family dog. He is a good watchdog with a teddy-bear personality. This dog is slow to mature, and retains his playful personality as he grows. As a working breed, the Bernese Mountain Dog benefits from having a job.

Appearance 15-18” (38-45 cm) 17-23 lb (7.5-10.5 kg)

Crispy, thick and linty coat, with mixture of hard and soft hair that stands away from the Appearance 21-26.5” (53-67.5 cm) body. Tendency to curl, particularly on head 44-66 lb (20-30 kg) and face. Topknot. Blue, blue and tan, liver Long, black, double-coat with straight guard and tan, sandy, sandy and tan. hairs. Undercoat is soft, wooly, and dense. Quick Facts Will occasionally have white markings on Exercise Requirements outercoat. Collarette around neck. Grooming Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

“When an 85-pound mammal licks your tears away, then tries to sit on your lap, it’s hard to feel sad.” – Kristan Higgins

As technology improved, working dogs were no longer necessary, so the breed saw a significant decrease in numbers in the late 19th century. In 1892, a group of Swiss nationals founded a breeding colony in an effort to preserve the Swiss Mountain Dog. The breed was imported to North America in the 1930s and has gained popularity over the years.

Appearance 23-28” (58-70 cm) 80-110 lb (36-50 kg) Long, thick soft coat, slightly wavy or straight. Undercoat varies according to the season. Tricolour (black, white, tan). Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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History Hailing from the Rothbury Forest region of Northumberland in England, the Rothbury Terrier was originally a versatile allround pest-controller who kept the coal mines free of rats. Though an excellent rat and badger dog, his versatile nature led breeders to add Otterhound bloodlines to allow the dogs to swim down otters, and Whippet bloodlines to add speed, allowing them to run down hares. The longer-legged type became known as the Bedlington Terrier.

Bernese Mountain Dog

BERNESE MOUNTAIN DOG

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BELGIAN SHEPHERD DOG

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BEDLINGTON TERRIER

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Bichon Frise

BICHON FRISE

History It’s difficult to track the history of many “small white dogs” since they thrived around the world, but the Bichon Frise is thought to have its origins with the Bichon Tenerife, named after one of the Canary Islands off the coast of Spain. Sailors in the region became enamoured with the breed and often took the dogs with them when they sailed. In France, the Bichon Frise was popular with Royals, including King Henry III of France, who was said to carry his Bichon in a tray-like basket that he hung from his neck with ribbons. During the French Revolution, however, the dogs were tossed out on the streets, where the breed’s intelligent and playful nature made it a natural performer for organ grinders and circuses. The Bichon Frise was threatened during the World Wars, but a group of French breeders got together in the early 1930s to define and protect it and in 1956, a French couple brought their breeding Bichons to North America.

BLACK AND TAN COONHOUND

History This tracking breed is a descendant of the Bloodhounds brought to colonial Virginia to help farmers rid their land of raccoons. Thought to have been crossed with American Foxhounds, the combination produced a powerful, alert dog with the stamina to hunt prey all night long. The Black and Tan Coonhound’s trademark long ears help capture and retain scent, enabling it to drive quarry up a tree and hold it there until hunters arrive (called “treeing”). Determined and courageous, Black and Tan Coonhounds hunt bears, deer and even mountain lions. They continue their reputation as exceptional trackers.

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Ch. CKC, Ch. UKC Honey of Cream Iz Teremka, NS, NC, NI, AI, aka Slava, 2 y.o. Beauty along with excellent, OFA tested, health and stable working temperament. Bred/ Owned by Svetlana (Lana) Lochan, Iz Teremka Reg’d.

History During the 1930s, the Russian military searched for a large terrier-type dog to become a part of their national security force. They started the Red Star Kennel, dedicated to locating suitable breeds and combining them to produce the perfect military dog. While the Second World War delayed their efforts, the experiment, which involved crossing some 17 different breeds, eventually produced a suitable large, tough and agile dog they named the Black Russian Terrier.

Red Star maintained exclusivity of the breed until 1956, when second and third generation puppies became available to private breeders. Personality A consummate Southern Black Russian Terriers remain uncommon gentleman, the Black and Tan Coonhound is outside their native Russia. a sociable dog of stable temperament. He Personality The Black Russian Terrier is an intelligent, faithful dog who enjoys a is a calm confident dog who is loyal to country lifestyle with lots of activity. As he his people, yet aloof with strangers. He is is bred to work with other scent hounds, highly intelligent and takes well to training, though early socialization is necessary to the Black and Tan Coonhound is not curb over-protectiveness. Outdoors he is aggressive with other dogs or people. He a happy bouncy fellow, while indoors he can be excited, but off the trail, he is a is content to relax and follow his family mellow companion – kind and confident. around the house. The Black Russian Terrier is very attached to his people and Appearance 23-27” (58-69 cm) does not do well if left alone. 65-100 lb (29-45 kg)

Personality A bubbly and happy dog, the Bichon Frise is a delightful companion to have around the house. He is quite attached to his owner, and loves to be the center of attention. A gentle nature and Dense short coat – and true to his name – good manners make him suitable for a black with tan markings. variety of homes. Quick Facts Appearance 9-12” (23-30 cm) Exercise Requirements 7-12 lb (3-5.5 kg) Grooming Coarse curly outercoat with soft dense undercoat. White. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

BLACK RUSSIAN TERRIER

Appearance 25-31” (64-77 cm) 80-143 lb (36-65 kg)

Hard, rough, ample broken outercoat. Thick soft undercoat. Moustache and beard. Black or black with grey hairs. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Iz Teremka Reg’d. Dedicated to the breeding of Black Russian Terriers by developing and preserving the best qualities of the old working Siberian bloodlines. We are not only home of many Champions, but more important, we produce healthy dogs with great stable temperament to fit your family needs. (613) 531-6207; lanaloch@icloud.com; www.izteremkabrtkennel.dog (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above)

History Sheep herding was a significant occupation in the border country between Scotland, England and Wales. When Romans introduced herding with dogs, herders began selecting canines for the task and interbred a variety of specialized breeds to produce the best working sheep dog, generally called a Collie. In 1894, a dog named Old Hemp, who was considered the ideal sheep dog, became the founder of what is now known as the Border Collie. Prized for his trainability and “eye” (the hypnotic way he stares at sheep to will them to move as desired), the Border Collie was imported to North America in the early 1900s and proved himself an essential Personality Lots! Extremely affectionate, working farm dog. sensitive – even shy, the Bloodhound needs Personality Considered one of the most company. An aristocrat who is not above intelligent breeds, the Border Collie can being a clown, he makes a loyal family dog. think for himself and is first and foremost a Bloodhounds can be a challenge to train, because following a scent is their priority! working dog. He needs mental stimulation A contained yard will keep him from to be happy, whether working with sheep or in obedience and agility trials. Because of his following his nose into uninvited territory. herding instinct, a Border Collie tends to herd Appearance 23-27” (58-69 cm) anyone and everyone around him. This makes 80-110 lb (36-49.5 kg) him more appropriate for older children. 3 colours: black and tan, liver and tan, and Appearance 19-22” (48-56 cm) red. White marking acceptable on chest, feet 30-45 lb (12-20 kg) and tip of tail. Facial wrinkles and loose upper Double coat that varies in length. Outercoat lips (or flews). can be long, medium or short. Innercoat Quick Facts is short and dense. All colours and mixes Exercise Requirements of colours acceptable: black and white, Grooming blue and white, chocolate and white, red and white, blue merle, tricolour (black, BOLOGNESE tan, white). Regular exercise, training - See Rare Breed Directory and socialization ensure confidence and maturity in later life, and helps temper the Border Collie’s energetic spirit. History The Bloodhound can trace its ancestry to the Norman conquest of 1066. Originally from Belgium, the Schweisshund was crossed with Talbot Hounds and Southern Hounds to produce this superb tracking dog with the distinctive voice. This “king” among scent hounds was used by nobility to hunt stag. The name Bloodhound refers to the owners’ high status. The Bloodhound appeared on the English Kennel Club’s first register in 1873, and over a century later, it is still renowned for tracking criminals, fugitives and missing people.

legend

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Marley Border Collies. With eight generations and over 35 years breed experience for quality, health, temperament and training. Always available for help and advice. Please visit my website. (519) 5297142; marleysheepdogs@hurontel.on.ca; www. marleysheepdogs.com

BORDER TERRIER

History A common problem for shepherds in Scottish-English border regions were foxes and other sheep-stealing animals. To counter this problem, they needed a dog fast enough to keep up with these animals but small enough to get into their dens. Concerned farmers from the Northumberland valley of Coquetdale worked to breed a dog longlegged enough to course with horses, yet short enough to be able to go to ground. These dogs were originally called Coquetdale or Reedwater Terriers after the locales where they lived and worked. They have the same ancestry as other terriers in northern England, and were hunted alongside Border Foxhounds. Border Terriers came to North America in the early 1900s. Personality Like most terriers, the Border Terrier is a big dog in a small package. He is tough and full of energy while hunting and working, but calmer in the home than many other types of terrier. Obedient and affectionate, he is a pleasant family dog. Appearance 11-16” (28-50 cm) 11-16 lb (5-7 kg) Wiry, broken-looking outercoat with short dense undercoat. Black and tan, grizzle and tan, red, wheaten. May have white markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Average More than average Maximum

ON Hollowshot Border Collies, Health checked D.N.A, Hips OFA certified parents. Excellent temperaments for the pet home. Proven in all sports. Cobourg, ON, Contact Maxine Netherway, 705-933-4811; hollowshot@yahoo.ca; www. hollowshotbordercollies.com

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Very minimal Minimal

Border Terrier

BORDER COLLIE

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BLOODHOUND

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Selectabull Reg’d, Dwayne Delaurier. Over 15+ years striving for health, quality and temperament. Our mission is to enhance our breed through selective, quality breeding and home placement. (613) 639-3557 or (613) 639-3688 ; selectabull_67@yahoo.com; http:// selectabull.net

BOUVIER DES FLANDRES

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BOSTON TERRIER

Photo: Sassy Kennel Reg’d

Borzoi

BORZOI

History This speedy and agile dog has origins dating back to the early centuries of Russian history. Used to course wolves, foxes, and hares in the open Russian terrain, the modern Borzoi is the result of a Russian Duke’s efforts to create a fast, durable hunter by crossing Arabian sighthounds with native coursing hounds and shepherds. Since the Borzoi had to rely more on sight than scent while hunting, the dogs needed to be light and quick on their feet as well as intelligent and independent thinkers.

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History As its name suggests, the Boston Terrier originated in Boston, Massachusetts. A product of crossing Bulldogs with Bull Terriers, the Boston Terrier was originally bred for dog-fighting and bull-baiting. In fact, Boston resident Robert C. Hooper purchased an English Bulldog in the mid-1800s for this very purpose. When these sports were banned, those who loved the breed worked to redefine the Boston Terrier. A stable breed with a “gentlemanly” temperament was produced. Then known as the Round-Headed Bull and The Russian aristocracy was particularly fond Terrier, the breed did not acquire its current of the Borzoi due to its exotic and elegant name until 1891. Since then it has remained a appearance. Unfortunately, this meant that highly popular dog. the breed was a target during the Russian Personality Although the Boston Terrier’s Revolution and was almost eradicated. ancestors were bred for fighting, he is now However, the breed has since regained its known for his docile, biddable temperament. popularity and is a favourite at dog shows. He is intelligent and can adapt to any living

History In the plains of Flanders, Belgium, people needed a dog that could do it all. The Bouvier was expected to herd and drive cattle, act as a watch and guard dog, kill vermin, pull a cart, and be a family companion. By 1910, there were four different varieties of Bouvier in Flanders. Because of their brave and willing spirit, Bouviers were used as messenger and ambulance dogs during the First World War, but the breed was decimated and only preserved through the efforts of Belgian army veterinarian, Captain Darby. By the end of the Personality The Borzoi often behaves more situation he finds himself in. While he enjoys war, the four varieties of Bouvier had been like a cat than a dog. Quiet, dignified, and a good romp, he’s not overly active and is combined, creating the Bouvier des Flandres. agile, he is self-aware, independent and fond happy to exercise by following his people The dogs continued their military duties in of refined behaviours. You won’t usually around the home. the Second World War, where their keen find him engaging in rough or boisterous Appearance 15-17” (38-43 cm) noses made them suitable for scenting land play but he can be quite affectionate and 15-25 lb (7-11.5 kg) mines and ammunition dumps. extremely loyal. His stubborn streak is just Short smooth coat. Black or brindle with Arriving in North America in the 1920s, these his way of communicating that he wants to white markings. versatile dogs also work as seeing-eye dogs, be treated like an intelligent being capable therapy dogs, search and rescue dogs, police of making good decisions. This trait dates Quick Facts dogs and more. back to having to think quickly while Exercise Requirements hunting in open terrain. The Borzoi loves to Grooming Personality Big and initially intimidating, the give chase and is even more beautiful when Bouvier des Flandres is actually a loyal family ON in full stride, but is happy with daily walks or A A & T Boston Terriers, Pat Shropshall. Home dog. He is even-tempered and loves his people. runs in enclosed areas. raised puppies, health guaranteed, CKC His keen nose and intelligence mean he can Appearance 26-33.5” (66-85 cm) reg’d. 17 Mill St, York, ON. (905) 765-2009; be trained for a variety of jobs, and he loves to work. It is important he is well socialized and 60-105 lb (27-47.5 kg) bostons4you@aol.com has basic training when young; his large size Silky outercoat is long. Can be wavy, flat, or can make it more difficult when he matures. Sassy Kennel Reg’d, Sharon & Stuart Hicks. curly. Undercoat is soft and dense. Curly frill Our goal is to produce Bostons true to the Appearance 23-28” (59-70 cm) around neck. Long legs and body. Variety of standard. We have been breeding Bostons for 60-100 lb (27-45 kg) colours and patterns. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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three decades. Home raised for companions, conformation, and performance dogs. Vet checked with the first vaccination and microchipped. Registered with the CKC. Our puppies are well socialized from our Champion lines. Fenwick, ON L0S 1C0. (905) 892-6781; sassykennel@gmail.com; www.sassykennel.com

Tousled-looking, weatherproof double coat. Outercoat is thick and rough. Innercoat is soft and thick. Moustache and beard. Shades ranging from fawn to black. May have white markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History The Boxer’s ancestors were called Molossians; they were large, strong dogs used by the Assyrians in battle thousands of years ago. A cross between Bulldogs and the small Mastiff-type Bullenbeisser, which was used to bait bulls, hunt and pull carts, the true Boxer was born in Germany in the late 1800s. Bred to be a capable fighting and hunting dog and protector, the Boxer is a versatile breed used as a messenger, pack carrier, attack dog and guard dog throughout World War I. Canadian and American soldiers were attracted to these brave handsome dogs and brought them home to North America. Today, they work well as service dogs and excel at obedience. Personality The Boxer is a high-spirited dog who loves to get physical when playing. Possibly named for his tendency to use his feet while roughhousing, the Boxer is brave and willing to take on any challenge. Despite his energetic nature, he remains a loving family dog who’s good with children, and adores his people. Because he can be suspicious of strangers, it is important to socialize him well when young. Appearance 21-25” (53-64 cm) 55-70 lb (25-32 kg)

Personality He looks intimidating, but the Bull Terrier is actually a friendly, easygoing and sometimes clownish breed. History Big, bold and intelligent, the Briard He loves affection and attention and is an ancient breed of herding dog born in makes a good family companion. He France. History is full of praise for this hardy requires lots of excercise. breed. Famed personalities like Charlemagne, Napoleon and Thomas Jefferson promoted Appearance 19-20” (48-51 cm) 45 lb (20.5 kg) the Briard. The Briard was a superb sheepdog, and his bravery made him an ideal Close, flat coat; white or white with coloured working dog for the French war effort – so markings. much so that he was named the official dog of the French Army. Though the need for Quick Facts sheep-herding dogs has declined, the Briard Exercise requirements Grooming remains a distinct and well-loved breed. Personality The Briard is known for having a strong, unique personality. Described as having “a heart of gold wrapped in fur”, he is an intelligent, sensitive dog who needs a consistent and caring person. With good socialization and considerate training, he makes a loving companion. Briards love children, have a strong sense of justice, and enjoy having a job to do. Appearance 22-27” (56-69 cm) 65-100 lb (29-46 kg) Long, hard shiny outercoat, slightly wavy and lying flat against the body. Fine tight undercoat. Moustache and beard. Black, shades of grey, tawny. May have white markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Short shiny coat that lies flat against the body. BRITTANY SPANIEL Fawn, brindle. May have white markings, - See Spaniel (Brittany) black mask.

ON ABC Ambato Boxers of Canada Reg’d. Ambato Boxers is proud to offer you top quality boxer puppies CKC Reg’d. Also occasional adults for adoption. Our Boxers are made and raised with love. They are home raised. We have the whole Boxer family to meet them. 10 years life expectancy guaranteed. Boxers are our passion. Visitors Welcome. 32573 Feeder Road W., Wainfleet, ON L0S 1V0. (905) 899-1179; boxerlady@live. com; www.ambatoboxers.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

BULL TERRIER Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

BULL TERRIER (MINIATURE)

History The Bull Terrier originated in England in the 1800s and was bred for bull baiting and dog fighting. This distinctive-looking dog, which initially came in a variety of colours and sizes, is

History In 1835, when blood sports were banned in England, Bull Terrier breeders sought to redefine the breed, making it a tractable family pet. While the tiniest examples of the breed eventually died out, both the full-sized Bull Terrier and the Miniature Bull Terrier were welcomed into the home. Miniature Bull Terriers were recognized as a distinct breed in 1991. Personality Energetic and full of childlike curiosity, the Miniature Bull Terrier requires lots of exercise and stimulation. He loves his family and is protective in nature. Consistent training and good socialization will keep him from becoming jealous or overprotective of his people or things. While he will adjust to most types of family situation, he needs to keep active and wants to be a part of everything. Appearance 10-14” (25-35 cm) 23-35 lb (11-16 kg) Short, flat glossy coat. Solid white, may have markings. May come in other solid colours with markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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Sam Cooke is one of our studs. Sam is a good active father that makes beautiful babies and teaches them manners. Our Boxers are made with love. Sam loves his babies! Bred/owned by Michelle Haig, ABC Ambato Boxers of Canada Reg’d.

said to be a cross between the traditional Bulldog and the now-extinct White English Terrier. After blood sports were banned, breeders focused more on the dog’s temperament and appearance. James Hinks was instrumental in developing the breed as we know it today – his pure white dogs were also known as “White Cavaliers” and were popular as both show dogs and pets.

Bull Terrier (Miniature)

BRIARD Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BOXER

BULLMASTIFF

History Truly a symbol of Britain, many believe the Bulldog dates back to the Molossian dog brought there by the Phoenicians in the 6th century BC. Others suggest the Bulldog descended from a butcher’s dog called the Alaunt. Wherever he originated, the Bulldog is the result of centuries of breeding for bullbaiting. While the Bulldog’s features may seem unusual compared with those of many other dogs, each characteristic was specifically chosen to make him the premier fighter in the bull-baiting ring.

CAIRN TERRIER

History Poaching was an ongoing problem in England throughout the 19th century. The gameskeeper needed a strong silent dog that could find and take down a poacher without savaging him. The solution was to cross the Mastiff, a powerful, trustworthy, loyal and brave dog, with the Bulldog, a tough, tenacious no-fuss animal. The result was the “Gameskeeper’s Night Dog” or Bullmastiff.

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As poaching became less of a problem, the need for Bullmastiffs waned. But interest in this powerful yet calm-natured dog continued. People held contests in which After bull-baiting was banned in the 1800s, the a man would be given the chance to try Bulldog lost popularity and might have died to outwit a Bullmastiff. The man received out if a group of concerned breeders hadn’t a sizeable head start, but the result was worked together to save the breed. The first inevitable. He would soon be knocked down Bulldog club was formed in 1864; it defined and held to the ground by the valiant dog, the breed and began efforts to preserve it. only to be released when the dog’s handler Now the Bulldog, also known as the English arrived on the scene. Bulldog, is a kind companion and a symbol of Personality The Bullmastiff is still used courage and tenacity. as a guard dog and family pet. His highly Personality With his history as a fighting stable temperament and ability to tolerate dog, the Bulldog’s kind and gentle personality discomfort make him surprisingly safe around children. Loyal and protective, he might come as a surprise. He is a loving pet who bonds closely to his family. Because he is craves his family’s attention. Though protective such a large dog, training at a young age is in nature, he loves children and usually gets essential, as is good socialization. along well with other family pets. Overall he is an easy-going dog who quickly charms with his Appearance 24-27” (61-69 cm) 90-130 lb (41-59 kg) steady temperament and friendly face. Short hard coat, lying flat to the Appearance 12-16” (30-40 cm) body. Black muzzle. Brindle, fawn 40-55 lb (18-25 kg) or red. May have white markings. Short, straight flat coat. Brindle, piebald, Quick Facts red, fawn, fallow, white. Exercise Requirements Quick Facts Grooming Exercise Requirements Grooming

IF A DOG BARKS EXCESSIVELY, HE’S PROBABLY TRYING TO TELL YOU SOMETHING! TURN TO P. 61 FOR SOME POSITIVE TRAINING TECHNIQUES TO HELP TACKLE THE PROBLEM. 92

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Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Bulldog

BULLDOG

History Originating on the Isle of Skye in Scotland, the Cairn Terrier was bred as a hunter of vermin. The rocky land sheltered numerous badgers and foxes, and a small hardy dog was needed to brave the stony cairns and remove the pests. The breed has been around for some 500 years, and developed along the same timeline as the West Highland White, Skye, and Scottish Terriers. The breed was first exhibited in 1909 when it was called the Short-Haired Skye Terrier. Breeders of the pre-existing Skye Terrier objected and the dog was renamed after the rock piles he hunted among, becoming the Cairn Terrier. They came to North America in 1913, imported by Mrs. Henry F. Price. Personality Like most terriers, the Cairn Terrier is an active dog, full of joie de vivre. He loves to play outside, but it’s best to keep him on leash or confined in a fenced space, since he will happily chase squirrels and other “quarry” when you least expect it. An alert, intelligent dog, the Cairn learns very quickly and was bred to be an independent thinker. He can get bored easily so keep him busy and invest in some early training since he can be a bit stubborn in that department. The Cairn adores the companionship of his “people”, and his sweet nature and kind heart make him a beloved member of the family. He gets along well with other bigger dogs at home, though some individuals may tend to give four-legged strangers a little “talking to”. Again, socialization and training as a puppy will give him a good foundation. The Cairn is affectionately known by breed fanciers as the “best little pal in the world.” Appearance 9-12” (24-31 cm) 13-17 lb (6-7.5 kg) Mid-length, harsh, weather-resistant outercoat. Short furry undercoat. Cream, wheaten, red, grey, nearly black. Brindling acceptable. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

CANE CORSO

History An ancient breed, the Canaan Dog is the product of natural selection rather than human intervention. There’s evidence the breed existed in pre-Biblical times. When the Jews were dispersed from their homeland the dogs remained, reverting to a wild and feral state until the 1930s. When Dr. Rudolphina Menzel was asked to develop a dog to guard the kibbutz, she selected native wild dogs of a “collie type”, tamed them and created the Canaan Dog. The breed proved highly intelligent and versatile, and was used as a mine detection, sentry and messenger dog in the Second World War. Canaan Dogs were first brought to North America in the late 1960s.

History Accompanying the Inuit people during their 12th century migration through the Canadian Arctic, the Canadian Eskimo Dog hauled, carried, hunted and protected. Such willing performance made the robust sled dog crucial to Arctic explorers through the ages. By the 1950s, though, snowmobiles, other technology and weakening bloodlines had taken their toll. It took funding by the Canadian Kennel Club, the Canada Council and private donations to save the Canadian Eskimo Dog from extinction. After enduring in a harsh environment for centuries, the Canadian Eskimo Dog remains a breed fighting for its survival.

Cane Corso

CANADIAN ESKIMO DOG

Photo: Arctic Ice Reg’d

CANAAN DOG

Appearance 19-24” (48-61 cm) 35-55 lb (16-25 kg) Short to medium-length straight outercoat. Straight, short flat-lying undercoat. Slight ruff. Sand to red-brown, white, black or spotted. May have mask.

Personality His long connection with humans has made the Canadian Eskimo Dog affectionate and gentle with people he loves, but he can be aloof with strangers. His independence, determination and heightened response to stimuli make him suited to an adult-only home.

Personality First and foremost a protector, the Cane Corso bonds closely with his family, particularly young children. He is alert and naturally suspicious of strangers, and can readily judge when he should be protective, or when he should back down. His steady temperament and eager-to-please Appearance 19.5-27.5” (50-70 cm) attitude make him a pleasure to train. Early 40-88 lb (18-40 kg) socialization and training allow him to learn Thick hair with dense undercoat. All white to assess people and situations. or all red, buff, cinnamon, grey or sable Appearance 23-28” (58-70 cm) with white markings. 84-110 lb (38-50 kg) Quick Facts Short, stiff shiny outercoat. Light undercoat. Exercise Requirements Black, fawn, red, blue, chestnut. Brindling Grooming allowed. May have eye mask or white markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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Personality Highly intelligent and trainable, the Canaan Dog is quite versatile to different situations. Because of his long history as a feral dog, he tends to be somewhat independent and wary of strangers, barking to warn his family of danger. However, he is devoted to his people and loves to play. He thrives on having a job to do and is a fun, loving companion.

History A direct descendant of the Roman Molossus Mastiff, the Cane Corso is a guardian dog whose name comes from the Latin “cohors”, meaning guardian/ protector. Used to hunt large game, drive cattle and protect the family, the Cane Corso held popularity in Italy for centuries. But as large game dwindled and farmers turned to more modern technology to move their herds, the need for the Cane Corso disappeared, and so did the breed. In the 1970s, Italian dog fanciers searched the country, seeking good examples of the old Mastiffs, and began reconstructing the Cane Corso breed. Arriving in North America in the 1980s, the breed is slowly gaining a reputation as an excellent guard dog and family companion.

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breed all 4 colours and were featured on the Pick a Puppy show. 295159 8th Line, Amaranth, ON L9W 0K1. (519) 925-2827; info@cedarcreekkennels.ca; www.cedarcreekkennels.ca

CHIHUAHUA (LONG COAT)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

CESKY TERRIER

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

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CAVALIER KING CHARLES SPANIEL

History The long coated Chihuahua’s history is the same as the Chihuahua’s until after the breed reached the United States. There, breeders sought a softer fluffier dog and decided to cross the short-coated History In his search for a mild-tempered Chihuahuas with established long-coated terrier that still excelled at hunting, toy breeds such as the Papillion, Pekinese, Czechoslovakian geneticist Frantisek Horak Pomeranian and Yorkshire Terrier. The bred together a number of terrier breeds, result was a dog with the same spunky including the Sealyham, Scottish Terrier and personality as the short-coated variety, but in Dandie Dinmont. The result, in 1949, was the a fluffier package. Like his smooth Cesky Terrier. While his narrow head and counterpart, the long coated Chihuahua is It wasn’t until the 1920s that an American, chest made it easier for the Cesky to enter Roswell Eldridge, began searching for the burrows, his friendly, well-mannered attitude one of the world’s most popular breeds – longer-nosed flatter-skulled breed so often gained him a reputation as a good family both also rank as the smallest breeds in North America. portrayed in portraits of Kings Charles I and dog. The Cesky Terrier was shown for the II. His efforts were successful, and the new breed of Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was first time in 1959 and since then has been Personality A truly tiny dog, the long utilized as a hunting dog, guard dog, show coated Chihuahua loves to be with his recognized in 1946. dog, and beloved family companion. person at all times. He’s a great lap dog, and Personality A long history as a noble lap dog has made the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Personality This versatile breed excels at a happily trots around the home, following particularly well suited as a companion. number of tasks. The Cesky is often a winner his family. Because of his size, this breed With enough size to enjoy a good romp at terrier den trials and loves playful, sporty maybe a bit timid with loud and active alongside his owner, the Cavalier is a happy activities. As well, the Cesky is a devoted family children, and supervision is a good idea. dog who is ready to greet everyone with his member and makes an excellent watchdog. Good socialization is important for a wellever-wagging tail. He is not overly active, This friendly pooch is good with children and rounded individual. enjoying cuddle time as much as walks. happy to be around family and strangers alike. Appearance 6-9” (15-23 cm) Appearance 12-13” (30-33 cm) The well-mannered, enthusiastic Cesky is also 1-6 lb (0.5-3 kg) 11-18 lb (5-8 kg) a pleasure to train. This dog strives to please Soft, silky, flat or slightly wavy coat. Neck ruff. Long silky coat, straight or with a slight wave. and will not disappoint. Any solid colour with or without markings. Feathering. Colours: Blenheim (chestnut on Appearance 10-13” (25.5-33 cm) white), tricolour (black and tan markings Quick Facts 13-22 lb (6-10 kg) on white), ruby, black and tan. Exercise Requirements Long, soft coat often with a silky sheen. Grooming Quick Facts Slightly wavy, with beard around muzzle. Exercise Requirements Non-shedding coat. Colours include light ON Grooming coffee brown and grey-blue, with yellow, Miso Chihuahuas Reg’d, Paula Race. Breeder AB of Long and Smooth Coats with puppies Bohshar K-9’s, Sharen Sztym. Breeding for grey, or white markings. History Bred originally as hunters, toy spaniels became companions to royalty in the 1500s. In the 1600s, Kings Charles I and II both took a liking to the adorable little dogs, and were often portrayed with toy spaniels at their sides. During the Victorian era, people fell in love with the higher skulls and shorter noses of oriental breeds, and selectively bred spaniels to Pugs and Japanese Chin, producing the King Charles Spaniel, or English Toy Spaniel.

quality, temperament and soundness. Genetic tested and guaranteed/Home raised. Four colours. Box 8, Site 3, RR # 1, Rocky Mountain House, AB. T4T 2A1. (403) 729-2625; bohshar@ yahoo.ca, www.bohshar.com

ON Cedar Creek Reg’d, Laryssa Sawyer. We’re a small family kennel located just over an hour north of Toronto. Puppies are raised in our home with our children. Puppies go to their new homes at 8 weeks; dewormed, vet checked, microchipped, first set of shots, 30 days of pet insurance, a health guarantee and lifetime breeder support. We

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Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

CHESAPEAKE BAY RETRIEVER - See Retriever (Chesapeake)

available occasionally. Our dogs are raised as family members and we are proud of their exceptional temperaments. Visit our website at www.misochihuhuas.com; info@ misochihuahuas.com; (519) 770-9901

“Anybody who doesn’t know what soap tastes like never washed a dog.” – Franklin P. Jones

Can.Am Ch. Hilaire’s Mr. Cher Whisper. Chihuahuas of Distinction. Owned by Edna St. Hilaire, Hilaire Perm. Reg’d.

History Theories about the Chihuahua’s origins abound. Some believe this tiny breed’s predecessors date back to ancient Egypt. The most likely theory is that it developed from a Mexican breed known as the Techichi, and was used in religious ceremonies as far back as the 16th century. Other theories suggest that dogs imported from China were interbred with native breeds, or came with Spanish traders. Whatever their history, Chihuahuas as we know them were discovered in the Chihuahua region of Mexico, gained popularity in Mexico City in the late 19th century, and shortly thereafter were brought to the United States via Texas where they were developed into the modern Chihuahua. Personality The Chihuahua is a tiny dog with a huge personality. He is lively and alert, playful and affectionate. Quick to bond with his human, the Chihuahua hates to be left on his own. Because he is so small, he is nervous of large or quick movements, and tends to be easily startled. Early socialization is essential to make sure he is not overly stressed by strange situations. Appearance 6-9” (15-23 cm) 1-6 lb (0.5-3 kg) Soft, glossy short coat. Neck ruff. Any colour. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

CHINESE SHAR PEI

History Hairless dogs existed wild in many of the hottest parts of the world. The Chinese Crested is likely descended from an African variety of hairless dog called the African Hairless Terrier. Chinese sailors took these dogs on ships to take care of the vermin. As they sailed around the world, the dogs were traded at various ports, soon establishing populations of Chinese Cresteds throughout the known world.

MBISS AmGrCHB/CanGrCH TzoWen’s Queen Of Hearts “Juice” and her Grandson. Owned by Rhonda Holloway, Periwrinkles Chinese Shar-Pei. www.periwrinklessharpei.com

Appearance 9-13” (23-33 cm) under 12 lb (5.5 kg)

Appearance 17-20” (44-51 cm) 40-60 lb (18-27 kg)

History Named for its sandpaper-like coat, the Shar-Pei is an unusual breed that originated in China some 2,000 years ago. He was used for a variety of tasks including hunting, guarding and herding, and was prized as a fighting dog. The rough texture of his coat made him hard to grip, his loose folds of skin allowed him to turn on his Not all Chinese Cresteds are hairless. In opponent even when solidly held, and his fact, the gene that allows for hairlessness tiny eyes and ears were protected from harm. is an incomplete dominant gene that is When China became a Communist country, lethal when homozygous (two copies of dogs were not considered a valuable the gene). Long-haired Chinese Crested commodity and the Shar-Pei nearly died dogs are known as Powderpuffs. Both out. Dog lovers appealed to American varieties can be found within the same litter breeders to rescue the breed in the 1970s. due to the nature of the genes involved. The Shar-Pei’s unique appearance and rarity drew attention, and soon the breed Personality A lively playful dog, the made a comeback in North America. Chinese Crested is a lovable and loving Personality With his cute and cuddly family companion. Because of a tendency appearance, the Shar-Pei easily works his to be timid with strangers, it is important way into people’s hearts. But his guard to socialize him at an early age. He is dog background makes him cautious, so moderately active, trotting around the home he requires good socialization at an early to follow his people. His longer-than-usual age. Calm and steady in nature, he is an feet, known as hare feet, allow him to grip independent fellow who loves his people, toys and “hug” his people with an unusual but is aloof with strangers. Positive training and active socialization make him a happy grip when held and enjoyable family member.

Hairless: silky flowing hair on head, tail, feet. Powderpuff: long, straight silky outercoat; short silky undercoat. Any BC Hilaire Perm. Reg’d, A respected name. Home colour or combination of colours. of Multi BIS/BISS, Can. Am Int’l Record Winning Quick Facts Champions. Quality for the most discriminating. Founder and President of The Chihuahua Club of Canada. All Breeds Judge - International. New Westminister, BC. (604) 521-0922; hilaire@shaw.ca (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

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Chinese Shar Pei

CHINESE CRESTED

Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Windwater Reg’d, Shauna Gray. We breed for health and soundness from top-quality bloodlines. Lovingly home-raised puppies available occasionally to approved homes. Puppies are prcd-PRA and PLL clear through testing or by parentage. Puppies are vet-checked, vaccinated and microchipped and a written health guarantee is provided. Powder puffs and hairless. (905) 252-0822; shaunalg@yahoo.com; www. windwaterkennels.com

Harsh straight coat with sandpaper texture. Can be short and bristly (horse coat) or long and thick (brush coat). Weekly grooming and careful monitoring of folds is required. Solid and sable colours. No white. Blue-black tongue. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Periwrinkles Chinese Shar-Pei have been involved with Shar-Pei for over 20 years. We breed for health and temperament. Limited breedings for select show and loving pet homes. We do health testing on all our dogs, as well as OFA’S. Newcastle, ON. Contact us at periwrinklessharpei@gmail.com; www. periwrinklessharpei.com (905) 391-2499 (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

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CHIHUAHUA (SHORT COAT)

Chow Chow

CHOW CHOW

Can. GRCH ChowRidge Embers Copper Rose. BPIS, MBPIG, Best Puppy 2017, Top Bitch in Canada 2017, 2019. 2017 CKC Top Dog Award. Owned by Brian & Cheryle McGregor, Bred by Cyndi & Jessica Eldridge

companions for any household. Ownership/ Breed information is available for people considering this special breed who have not experienced the joy of living with a chow. Box 129, Caley, AB T0L 0P0. chowridge@hotmail. ca; www.petresortandspaw.net (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.) ON Mi-Pao Perm. Reg’d, Minnie & Paul Odenkirchen. Canada’s oldest and consistently successful Chow Kennel since 1957. Providing Breeding, Companion and Show stock to over 30 Countries. We specialize in reds, blacks and creams of the long coated variety, with emphasis on soundness and affectionate disposition. 705 Parkside Dr, P.O Box 863 Waterdown, ON L0R 2H0, (905) 335-1712; mipao@sympatico. ca; www.mipao.com

History Perhaps one of the oldest breeds, the Chow Chow may have existed as early as the 11th century BC. These dogs were used as CLUMBER SPANIEL hunting, draft, guard and flock dogs. The thick - See Spaniel (Clumber) fluffy coats were prized for warm clothing.

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Photo: Alice Van Kempen

For many years, the Chow Chow was never COLLIE (ROUGH) seen outside China. But around 1780, sailors smuggled some dogs among their cargo and exported them to Europe. Not knowing what to call the dogs, they used the generic name for all assorted cargo: chow chow. The unusual nature of the Chow Chow made it a spectacle in England, and the breed was displayed at the London Zoo as the “Wild Dog of China”. Queen Victoria saw the dogs there and decided to keep some as pets. The Chow Chow gained its popularity in North America during the roaring 20s, when the dogs became an addition to the History This Scottish native is thought to homes of several movie stars. have originated with the herding dogs the Personality Truly a one-person dog, the ancient Romans brought to Britain, and has Chow bonds solidly to his chosen person, and been documented in writings dating as far may remain a bit aloof with others. He is loyal back as the 1300s. Used primarily for and dedicated, and benefits from positive herding down through the centuries, the and consistent training. The Chow Chow is a Rough Collie became popular in England when Queen Victoria brought some of the natural guardian and loyal protector. dogs back from Scotland. The Rough Collie Appearance 17-22” (43-56 cm) is best known in North America from the 45-70 lb (20-32 kg) books by Albert Payson Terhune and the Rough: abundant dense outercoat that subsequent Lassie movies and popular stands off the body, wooly undercoat. television show, which premiered in the Neck ruff. Smooth: hard, dense smooth 1950s and ran for 20 years, forever outercoat with definite undercoat. immortalizing this distinctive breed. The Red, black, fawn, blue, cream. Rough Collie is distinguished from his cousin Blue-black tongue and lips. by his abundant and luxurious outer coat. Quick Facts

Personality Loyal and easy to train, the Rough Collie is a wonderful family Exercise Requirements companion. He is kind and affectionate, and Grooming thrives on affection and activity. He needs AB plenty of outdoor exercise, so is best suited ChowRidge Reg’d, Cyndi & Jessica Eldridge. to homes with a bit of space around them. CKC Registered. Breeding for health, temperament and longevity. Specializing in Red, Cream, Black rough coat with occasional smooth coat. Our chows are amazing

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Appearance 22-26” (56-66 cm) 50-75 lb (22.5-35 kg)

Straight, harsh, abundant outer coat with short smooth hair on head and legs. Soft dense undercoat. Sable and white, blue merle and white, sable merle and white, tricolour and white with coloured markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

COLLIE (SMOOTH)

History Developed centuries ago as a herding and guarding dog, the Collie is thought to be named after the Scottish black-faced sheep he protected, called Colleys. Two types developed - the Rough Collie and Smooth Collie. Both were working dogs until Queen Victoria took an interest in them in the 1860s and brought them to England. Smooth and Rough Collies share the same lineage and breed standard, but in 1830, show breeders wanted a more elegant dog with an elongated head, and crossed the breed with the Borzoi, leading to a separation of work and show lines. The Smooth Collie remained the favourite in England; in North America, the Rough Collie’s popularity grew in the 20th century thanks to the Lassie movies and television shows. Personality Like the Lassie of television fame, the Smooth Collie is a brave and loyal dog, whose intelligence makes him seem to read his owner’s mind. He is highly sociable, and excellent with children and other pets. Alert and conscious of his family’s safety, the Collie is a good watchdog. Lots of exercise and activities to occupy his mind help keep him relaxed and happy. With training he can participate in nearly any canine sport, and he makes an excellent therapy dog. Appearance 20-26” (51-66 cm) 40-75 lb (18-34 kg) Short, hard dense outercoat. Soft, dense furry undercoat. Sable and white, tricolour, blue merle and white. May have white and/or tan markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History The royal dog of Madagascar, the Coton de Tulear is likely a combination of small Bichon-type dogs brought there by Portuguese and Spanish sailors in the 16th century. They were favoured companion dogs of the wealthy. They weren’t well known until 1853 when French dog fancier and governor of Fort Dauphin, Etienne de Flacourt, recorded the small mostly white dogs. He named them Coton, for their cottony texture and colour, and de Tulear, for the coastal city where they were said to originate.

History A German breed, the Dachshund was bred to be a hunter, followed on foot by his handler. The long sleek profile typical of the breed allows him to get inside the burrows of his prey. Miniature-sized Dachshunds were primarily used to hunt rabbits and similar small prey. The Long Haired variety may have originated from the selective breeding of longer-haired individuals. Others suggest that breeders incorporated Field Spaniels into their breeding programs, thus adding a longer softer coat to the sleek long-bodied dogs. Whatever their origin, Long Haired Dachshunds are The dogs were then imported to France, prized for their elegant appearance. where the breed standard was set in 1969. Personality Fun-loving and easy to get along Coton de Tulears didn’t arrive in North with, Dachshunds do well in a variety of homes. America until 1974, and they quickly gained With their short legs and small size, Miniature popularity as a lap dog. Long Haired Dachshunds do well as apartment Personality Adorable and affectionate, the dogs. Like most scent hounds, Dachshunds like to follow their noses, and are likely to investigate Coton de Tulear makes a wonderful family any interesting holes in the ground. pet. He is sociable and gets along well with children and other animals. Highly bonded Appearance Up to 14” (35 cm); chest circumference 12-14” (30-35 to his people, he doesn’t like to be left alone. cm) Up to 11 lb (5 kg) He responds well to positive training, though he does have a stubborn streak at times. Double coat with soft straight or wavy The Coton de Tulear is a capable watchdog outercoat. Solid (red, cream), two-coloured who will let his people know of any possible (black, chocolate, grey or white with rustbrown or yellow markings), dappled intruders or unusual activity. (brown, grey or white background with Appearance 10-12” (23-28 cm) irregular patches of black, grey, brown, red or yellow) or striped (red or yellow with 8-13 lb (3.5-6 kg) darker striping). Thick, supple single coat. Cottony texture. Slightly wavy. White ground colour, also black, Quick Facts Exercise Requirements grey, yellow, tricolour and white markings. Grooming Quick Facts ON Exercise Requirements Bournecrest Reg’d, Christine Bourne. Quality Grooming

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puppies, with excellent temperaments. Five year congenital health guarantee. Most colours. Give us a call and come and meet all the dogs. 8435 Concession 8, Moorefield, ON N0G 2K0. (519) 502-0642; shadyrillcb@ gmail.com; www.bournecrest.com

Polonez, Wojciech & Margaret Krzewski. Home-raised, fun-loving, affectionate and well socialized healthy puppies occasionally available to approved homes. Southern, Ontario. Cell (416) 816-6511; gosia. wojtek1988@gmail.com

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

History All Dachshunds originated in Germany, where they were used as go-toground hunting hounds. Different sizes specialized in different prey, with larger dogs pursuing badgers and smaller ones going after rabbit and hare. To differentiate Dachshund sizes, the Germans measured the circumference of the dog’s chest. A smaller chest meant the dog could pursue smaller prey; the smallest were called rabbitsized. In North America, we do not recognize the rabbit-sized dogs, and measure their sizes by weight rather than girth. The Miniature Smooth Dachshund is the small version of the original Standard Smooth Dachshund; it’s believed these “minis” were developed by breeding together smaller-than-usual Standard Dachshunds.

Dachshund (Miniature Smooth)

DACHSHUND (MINIATURE SMOOTH)

Personality A bright and friendly family favourite, the Miniature Smooth Dachshund may be small, but not in personality. He has plenty of energy, though his short legs make it easy to keep him well exercised. Because he was bred to be a hunter, it is important to remember that he loves to follow a scent, and will dig if he finds something interesting in the yard. Appearance Up to 14” (35 cm); chest circumference 12-14” (30-35 cm) Up to 11 lb (5 kg) Smooth, shiny short coat. Solid (red, cream), two-coloured (black, chocolate, grey or white with rust-brown or yellow markings), dappled (brown, grey or white background with irregular patches of black, grey, brown, red or yellow) or striped (red or yellow with darker striping). Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Bournecrest Reg’d, Christine Bourne. Quality puppies, with excellent temperaments. Five year congenital health guarantee. Most colours. Give us a call and come and meet all the dogs. 8435 Concession 8, Moorefield, ON N0G 2K0. (519) 502-0642; shadyrillcb@gmail.com; www. bournecrest.com Careanuff Reg’d, Tammy L. Brown. ALL my Dachshunds LIVE in my home. Pups are BORN in my Bedroom and come to you Pre-Spoiled,

Dachshund (Miniature Smooth) continued on page 98.

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DACHSHUND (MINIATURE LONG-HAIRED)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

COTON DE TULEAR

DACHSHUND (MINIATURE WIRE-HAIRED)

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Double coat with uniform short harsh outercoat. Beard. Solid (red, cream), twocoloured (black, chocolate, grey or white with rust-brown or yellow markings), dappled (brown, grey, or white background with irregular patches of black, grey, brown, red or yellow) or striped (red or yellow with darker striping). Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

DACHSHUND (STANDARD SMOOTH)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Disguise Perm. Reg’d, Tanya McCarthy. Prespoiled and pre-loved beautiful dachshunds, raised in our home as part of our family. Breeding only from quality, championed, health tested parents with an emphasis on temperament, health and conformation. Reservations recommended as we only breed occasionally. Actively participating in the conformation, earth dog and obedience rings. Wellandport, ON, L0R 2J0. Tanya McCarthy (905) 920-3987; www.disguisedachshundleonberger. com; longears@yahoo.ca

DACHSHUND (STANDARD WIRE-HAIRED)

Appearance Up to 14” (35 cm); chest circumference 12-14” (30-35 cm) Up to 11 lb (5 kg)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Socialized and Loved. Choose from a Variety of Colours and Patterns. I look forward to filling your Arms, Heart and Home with the Pitter Patter of little Dachshund feet!! Newbury, ON N0L 1Z0. (519) 695-6596; careanuff@hotmail.ca; www.careanuff.webs.com

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Dachshund (Miniature Wire-Haired)

Dachshund (Miniature Smooth)

History Named for their prey, the “dachs” or badger, the Dachshund is a hardy hunting dog from Germany. The breed was selected for its long, narrow body that could easily fit into narrow holes in the ground. The dog’s long floppy ears protected the ear canals from dirt when going to ground, and his long wavy tail signaled his location while hunting, and offered a grip should he become wedged in a hole. The Standard Wire-Haired Dachshund was created by adding Terrier blood to produce a spunky dog with a more weather-resistant coat. Personality Big personality in a little body certainly describes the Dachshund. A happy, sometimes opinionated fellow, he is an affectionate and cheerful member of the family. His history as a hunter makes it important to socialize him with cats or small pets, though he will accept them as family if introduced at a young age. Outside, the Dachshund likes to follow his nose and dig when things smell interesting. Overall he is an easy-going family pet who is happy to be with his people.

History Believed to be the original ancestor of the other Dachshund breeds, the Standard Smooth Haired Dachshund hunted badger and fox from as early as the 16th century in Germany. A true terrier, the Dachshund was bred for its long, narrow History Born to hunt, the Dachshund was body that could easily fit into the holes of its bred in Germany to go to ground after prey. When Prince Albert introduced the burrowing prey such as badgers. Miniature breed to Britain, confusion over the translation of “hund” caused it to be varieties were used to hunt rabbit and hare, classified as a hound, and the Dachshund Appearance 14-18” (35-46 cm); which their larger cousins couldn’t reach. chest circumference has remained in that group ever since. 14” (35 cm) Its popularity in North America declined Personality Friendly, alert and outgoing, 11-20 lb (5-9 kg) the high spirited Dachshund makes a good during the First and Second World Wars, watchdog as well as a great companion. Double coat with uniform short harsh when its German origins caused people to Because of his Terrier qualities, he likes to outercoat. Beard. Solid (red, cream), turn against the breed. The wire-haired variety take charge of situations, so early, consistent two-coloured (black, chocolate, grey of Dachshund was the last to be developed. It training, lots of patience and early socialization or white with rust-brown or yellow isn’t certain whether the wire hair came from is important. A fenced yard will help contain markings), dappled (brown, grey or white selective breeding, or if hard-coated Terriers this fearless fellow, who may find himself background with irregular patches of and Pinschers might have been added to the following his gifted sense of smell if given the black, grey, brown, red or yellow) or striped bloodlines. Either way, the breed’s Terrier- opportunity. Regular exercise will keep the (red or yellow with darker striping). like looks combined with its Dachshund body Dachshund happy as well as trim. This is a Quick Facts shape appealed to North Americans and has breed that does well in the city or the country. Exercise Requirements helped increase its popularity in recent years. Grooming Appearance 8- 9” (20-23 cm) 12-32 lb (5.5-14 kg) Personality With his short legs and cheery tail, the Dachshund is sure to bring a Short, smooth, odourless and shiny coat. TURN TO P. 26 smile to his people. He is loyal and loving, Solid (red, cream), two-coloured (black, though he does have a bit of a stubborn chocolate, grey or white with rust-brown or FOR SOME DOGstreak at times. Like most small breeds, yellow markings), dappled (brown, grey or the Dachshund can be a bit snippy with white background with irregular patches of children, but if well socialized does very black, grey, brown, red or yellow) or striped FRIENDLY INTERIOR (red or yellow with darker striping). well with them. He also loves to follow his nose and may attempt to “hunt” in the Quick Facts DECORATING TIPS! Exercise Requirements yard, digging at interesting holes. Grooming 98

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History The Dalmatian has been known in Europe since the Middle Ages and takes his name from Dalmatia (now a part of Croatia), where the earliest records of the breed exist. His origin is unclear, although some histories portray him as a gundog, a herding dog, a draft dog, a guardian and a ratter.

Winterspear Kennels Reg’d. CKC registered lines from Canadian, European, and Australian champions. Parents titled in show and performance. All OFA requirements for CHIC certifications. Puppies are raised on the Puppy Culture methods, BAER tested, and evaluated on temperament, conformation, and health by certified professionals. Warburg, AB. Find us on Instagram, Facebook, or contact us directly! winterspeardals@gmail. com; www.WinterspearKennels.ca (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

DEERHOUND (SCOTTISH)

When the Dalmatian made his appearance DANDIE DINMONT TERRIER in England in the 18th century, he became immensely popular as a carriage dog, accompanying the aristocracy’s ornate conveyances and horses around town and on long treks through the countryside. He could also be found in the stables of the working class, and in fire stations with horse-drawn water wagons. The four-legged “siren” would help clear the streets by running ahead of the wagon barking. When the Dalmatian arrived in the New World (the U.S.), he automatically endeared himself to firefighters, and no station was complete without one of these History First-named of the terrier breeds, spotted mascots. the Dandie Dinmont hails from the rugged Personality Intelligent and enthusiastic, border country between England and with lots of joie de vivre and a good demeanour. Scotland. Local farmers developed the Socialization, positive training and an fearless little dog to root out badgers and abundance of exercise make this athletic otters. Jealously guarded by a limited number of owners, the sturdy breed fellow a happy, loyal companion. performed without any specific name or Appearance 21-24” (56-61 cm) pedigree until it was immortalized in 53-70 lb (24-32 kg) literature. Writer Sir Walter Scott was so Pure white with black or liver coloured charmed by these affectionate little dogs spots, ranging from a dime to half-dollar in that he incorporated them into his 1812 novel, Guy Mannering. The book’s main size. Short, sleek, dense and glossy coat. character, a farmer named Dandie Quick facts Dinmont, owned a whole family of the Exercise requirements terriers, and soon the breed became as Grooming famous as the book. Queen Victoria owned and bred “Dandie Dinmont’s terriers”. AB Echo View Dalmatians Perm Reg’d. is a small, dedicated, well-established show/breeding facility, a division of Spotted Gait Ranch near Leslieville, Alberta, Canada. We strive for the perfect harmony of elegance, balance and expression while maintaining conformation, intelligence, temperament and health. Breeding stock is OFA certified, including but not limited to BAER tested, hips and eyes. We have now introduced the LUA (Low Uric Acid)

Non-shedding coat. “Pepper” (light grey to blue-black) or “mustard” (light fawn to reddish brown), his distinctive top-knot is always white. Round head. Expressive “liquid” eyes. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Deerhound (Scottish)

Appearance 8-11” (20-28 cm) 18-24 lb (8-11 kg)

History The regal Scottish Deerhound has a centuries-old history with Scottish landowners, developing as a descendant of the most northern types of British Greyhounds known in the 18th and 19th centuries as Highland Greyhounds or rough Scotch Greyhounds. These rough haired Deerhounds were traditionally used to hunt the 250-300 pound Highland Red deer by coursing over treacherous rocky heath and hill country. Today, Deerhounds are primarily companions and family members. Their grace, dignity, and beauty have been faithfully depicted by numerous artists over the years, including Sir Edwin Landseer. Novelist Sir Walter Scott was also a fan, describing the Scottish Deerhound as “the most perfect creature of Heaven”. Personality Calm, dignified, devoted and gentle-natured, the mature Scottish Deerhound makes an excellent family pet when its exercise needs are satisfied. While their large size might intimidate some, the Scottish Deerhound is neither a barker nor a watchdog, and is far too kind hearted to be a guard dog. Not surprisingly, he loves to run and needs a securely fenced yard or a safe place to exercise off leash. Appearance 28-32” (71-81 cm) 75-110 lb (34-50 kg)

Coat is harsh, shaggy and close-lying with some beard and moustache. Dark blue-grey and various shades of grey brindle prevail with the old original colours of yellow, Personality Intelligent, loyal and sandy red or red fawn with black points now adaptable, the Dandie Dinmont is at lost in time. home in city or country. He is protective, with a loud bark for such a little dog. Good Quick Facts with children, he can be independent Exercise Requirements and distant with strangers. Early training Grooming and socializing will reinforce his natural responsiveness and serenity.

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CH Lacrima Christi Chasin Dreams at TR aka Neko. Imported from Croatia. Owned by Salena Morrill, Winterspear Kennels in Warburg, AB. Spots for show, sports, and loving families. www. WinterspearKennels.ca

Dalmatians into our breeding program. We have in-home raised puppies occasionally for show, obedience, performance or for just plain lovin’. Retired adults are sometimes available and we provide information always. Our Dallies are house pets and companions first. We are proud to raise these highly intelligent, beautiful, devoted & loyal dogs since 1991. Location: Leslieville, Alberta, Canada. (403) 729-2227; jbh@echoview.ca; www.echoview.ca (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

DALMATIAN

History Karl Freidrich Louis Dobermann was a tax collector in Germany during the mid-1800s. Tax collectors were understandably not well liked, and the job was very dangerous. To keep himself safe, and to make his job easier, Dobermann decided to produce a large Pinschertype dog who could work by his side. By combining a variety of breeds such as the German Shepherd, Rottweiler, Weimaraner, German Pinscher, Greyhound and Manchester Terrier, he produced a dog that was lean, brave, loyal and decidedly protective. The breed was recognized as the Doberman Pinscher by 1900. Over time, the Doberman’s brave and intelligent nature has made him an excellent working dog. He has been used for police work, search and rescue, guiding, guarding and much more. He is a favourite of the military. While he was originally bred to have a fierce temperament, modern breeders have selected for level-headedness and responsiveness.

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Personality Today’s Doberman Pinscher is a far more tractable dog than Herr Dobermann’s original breed. He is intelligent and loyal, and dedicated to his person. Bred to be a working dog, the Doberman does best when he has a purpose, and excels at obedience and police work. He remains a protective individual who serves his owner with a dedication few other breeds can match.

Written health guarantee. Puppies occasionally to responsible homes. Best of Winners at the Doberman Association Specialty 2018 (Ultrasounds Titanium) RR 4, Owen Sound, ON N4K 5N6. Home (519) 794-3456; Cell (226) 668-6031; ultrasoundkennel@gmail.com; www. ultrasoundkennels.com

Appearance 11-16” (28-40 cm) 32-34 lb (14-16 kg) Thick but short coat with denser areas on neck, back, and back of thighs. Large, long, well-proportioned head with drop ears. Short legs similar to a Dachshund’s and long, bristly tail. Colours range from QC fawn, black or black/tan, always with white Mont-dobe enr. 1985 Perm. Reg’d, Jocelyn patches on face, feet, neck, chest and tail. Bourdeau. Éleveur de dobermann depuis 36 ans , 1e éleveur au Québec de dobermann européen ,chiot issue des meilleures lignées européennes ,norden stamm,langenhorst linenhof,stivenhage,royalbell,.Petit élevage de très haute qualité , une portée par année . (450) 883-5045; itca@sympatico.ca

DREVER

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DUTCH SHEEPDOG -See Schapendoes

DUTCH SHEPHERD DOG

History A hunting dog with Swedish roots (“drev” means “to hunt” in Swedish), the Drever is a descendant of the Westphalian Dachsbracke from Germany – another hound dog of similar temperament and short-legged stature. The Drever is known for its first-class nose, and for being a powerful tracker that excels at driving game toward the gun. Recognized as a Swedish breed in 1953, the Drever is considered a rare breed in North America, though it remains one of the most popular dogs in its native Sweden.

As a household companion, the Doberman Personality Described as both tenacious Pinscher is good with children and other and industrious, the Drever lives for work, dogs if socialization and regular exercise is and often wants to continue hunting long provided from an early age. after his owner is finished. Despite its strong Appearance 24-29” (61-72 cm) mentality, the Drever can be calm and 70-99 lb (32-45 kg) friendly, and is notorious for his constantly Short, smooth hard coat. Black, red, blue wagging tail. Always alert and ready for or fawn with rust markings. action, this breed requires plenty of exercise and socializing to keep him physically and Quick Facts Exercise Requirements mentally stimulated. That being said, Grooming apartment life isn’t necessarily a writeoff, as Drevers are independent and can ON McCartney Ron, Ultrasound Reg’d. 46 years occupy themselves indoors between walks, of dedication, breeding for longevity. Health provided their activity needs are adequately tested. Quality and temperament-plus, met. Since the Drever can be somewhat brains and beauty. Canadian and American headstrong, consistent positive training is bloodlines. Show and companion prospects. important from an early age. 100

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Doberman Pinscher

DOBERMAN PINSCHER

History In the early 1600s, when much of the Netherlands was devoted to sheepherding, the Dutch Shepherd Dog excelled at tending to flocks. But as sheep farming diminished, so did the breed itself. In the last few decades, however, dedicated Dutch Shepherd breeders have kept this smart and active dog thriving at farm work and, more extensively, at police and guard duty. Because of the popularity of his German Shepherd cousin, the Dutch Shepherd is considered a rare breed in North America. Personality Alert and quick to learn, the Dutch Shepherd Dog does best with early training, followed by ongoing pursuits such as agility, field training and herding. He is exceedingly smart and requires ongoing mental and physical challenges. Naturally protective, loyal and tireless, this is a dog best paired with a strong, confident, active owner. Appearance 22-24.5” (55-62 cm) 65-67 lb (29.5-30.5 kg) The Dutch Shepherd looks much like a German Shepherd, but with three different weather-resistant coat variations: shorthaired, long-haired or wiry/rough-haired. Black with streaks of gold and grey. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Shorthaired Long and Wiry/Rough-haired

yellow. Can also have brown, white, and yellow markings.

ENGLISH TOY SPANIEL

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

- See Spaniel (English Cocker)

- See King Charles Spaniel

EURASIER

Eurasier

ENGLISH COCKER SPANIEL

ENGLISH FOXHOUND

ENTLEBUCHER MOUNTAIN DOG

History Originating in the valley of Entlebuch in Switzerland, the Entlebucher is the smallest of the four Swiss Sennenhunds (mountain dogs). Like all of the Sennenhund breeds, he is thought to be descended from the large Molossers brought to Switzerland by the Romans in the first century B.C. This hardy Alpine breed was used primarily for herding cows, but also occasionally for hogs and horses. The Entlebucher was recognized as a separate Swiss Mountain Dog breed in the This handsome breed made its way to North late 1800s, and received breed club status America in the late 18th century and was the predecessor to the American Foxhound, in 1926. Coonhound and other scent hounds. Personality This strong-muscled, independent, confident dog is happiest when he is Personality The archetype pack animal, the providing work for his family. Give him a English Foxhound is a congenial creature. job to do and he’ll gladly come through! As affectionate as he is, the Foxhound may The naturally bob-tailed Entlebucher is not always suit a family home. His lineage highly-intelligent and has the ability to be gives him a powerful instinct, and for this well-focused, so positive training from an reason, training should start in puppyhood. early age is important. Adventurous and Ancestry almost always ensures that the determined, this dog is a great companion for outdoor activities, sports, hiking, English Foxhound may be happiest in a and long city strolls. This friendly dog is pack, running daily to keep fit for the activity devoted to his family, and despite being he loves: the chase. quite independent, thrives when given Appearance 23-25” (58-64 cm) lots of attention. The Entlebucher is a 65-70 lb (29.5-31.5 kg) perfect breed for someone who can be a positive leader and wants an active canine Short, dense, glossy coat. Black, tan and companion. With socialization, they are white colour in any combination. usually good with children, strangers, and Quick Facts other dogs. Exercise Requirements Appearance 16.5-19.5” (42-50 cm) Grooming 55-65 lb (25-29.5 kg) Male is longer than the square-shaped ENGLISH SPRINGER female. Soft, fluffy chest and blaze, with - See Spaniel (English Springer) smooth, shiny outercoat. Undercoat is soft and dense. Muscular, sturdy body. Symmetrical tricolour markings are black, white, and tan, or black, white, and

SPANIEL

Some breeders chose to select more for type, neglecting temperament. When these lines were culled from the breed, the remaining dogs became too inbred. To correct this, Wipfel crossed his dogs to Samoyeds because of their friendly temperament and natural vigour. The Zuchmeinschaft für Erasier was founded in 1973; the name was changed to Eurasier, reflecting the combination of European and Asian breeds. The Eurasier was recognized by the CKC in 1995, but remains unrecognized in the United States. Personality The primary goal of Wipfel’s breeding program was to produce a Spitz with a consistently excellent temperament. The resulting even-tempered, friendly, intelligent and calm-natured Eurasier is a supreme family dog. He is neither timid nor aggressive, though he can be aloof with strangers. At home he is deeply attached to his family, and hates to be left alone. Because he was always intended as a companion, the Eurasier does not need a lot of exercise, though regular walks are a necessity to keep him healthy and fit. Appearance 19-24” (48-60 cm) 39-71 lb (18-32 kg) Medium-length, harsh loosely-lying outercoat. Thick undercoat. All colours and colour combinations except pure white, white patches or liver. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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History When stags grew scarce in the 13th century, aristocratic English hunters turned to pursuing the quick and clever fox. Tracking hounds of the original Bloodhound type lacked enough speed and agility for this livelier chase, so astute breeding produced the lighter and more sure-footed English Foxhound. Records of specialized Foxhound kennels date back to 1696, with 50 more kennels established in the next five decades.

History The Eurasier is a recent breed whose development is credited to Julius Wipfel of Germany. He crossed the Wolfspitz (Keeshond) with the Chow Chow, known for his calm, affectionate and independent yet loyal nature, and called the resulting dogs Wolf-Chows.

FINNISH LAPPHUND

History For centuries, Spaniels have provided humans with companionship and performance. While smaller types enjoyed hearth and home, larger Spaniels flushed game from field and stream. It was only a dog’s size and job that determined a Spaniel “breed”. With the introduction of dog shows in mid-19th century Britain, breeders developed a more nuanced system. While some Spaniel types continued to work, the larger Field Spaniel found itself assigned to the show ring. The breed was a hit. But in trying to improve on perfection, breeders developed the well proportioned canine into an awkward, heavy headed dog. Health problems followed, and for a time, the breed fell out of favour. A century ago, committed breeders restored the Field Spaniel to his original build, sustaining the breed and meeting the standards that dog fanciers recognize and appreciate today.

History The Finnish Lapphund originally hunted reindeer and provided protection for the Sami people who lived above the Arctic Circle. When the semi-nomadic tribes established settlements in a region that included parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and northwestern Russia, this Spitz-type dog turned from hunting reindeer to herding them. As reindeer declined, the Lapphund was invaluable in herding cattle and sheep.

Personality The Field Spaniel’s sporting ancestry, coupled with an abiding love for “his people”, make the breed a desirable family dog. Calm and affectionate, he is also game for a romp. The Field Spaniel is intelligent, and adapts to an urban or country setting. The Field Spaniel is sensitive, so early gentle training ensures his affection will extend to strangers. Appearance 17-18” (43-45.5 cm) 35-50 lb (16-22.5 kg) Moderately long, flat or wavy coat. Glossy with moderate feathering.

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FINNISH SPITZ

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Field Spamiel

FIELD SPANIEL

History Originating in Lapland (the northern regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia), the Finnish Spitz, also known as the Lapinkoira, was a hunting dog who tracked large prey such as bear and elk. For many years the breed remained pure, but as technology and transportation improved, Lapland dogs spread southwards and interbred with local dog populations. Crossbreeding deteriorated the breed so much that by 1880 the Lapinkoira was In the 1940s, Finnish breeders established nearly extinct. Finnish breed fanciers standards under the dog’s original name, searched the northern regions for the Lapponian Shepherd Dog. The name purebred examples of the breed, and by encompassed both long- and short-haired the 1890s began a concerted effort to types. Currently, it is the long-haired breed recreate the pure Finnish Spitz. we identify as the Finnish Lapphund, or the The original dogs were used to hunt Lapinkoira, as it’s sometimes called. large game, but modern Finnish Spitz are A familiar companion dog in Finnish primarily bird dogs. Called the “barking bird homes, the Lapphund’s worldwide dog”, he has a unique hunting style in which he alerts hunters to where he finds the birds popularity is on the rise. with a continuous bark, called a yodel. Personality The Lapphund’s strongest trait is his tendency to herd. This is a dog Personality Reserved with strangers, yet who likes to be in on the action, and as his playful and even clownish with friends, the ancestors were capable of herding all day Finnish Spitz is a vocal breed who likes to long, he thrives in an active environment. make his presence known. He is highly Courageous, faithful and intelligent, the loyal to his people, and can be protective Finnish Lapphund has an intuitive nature at times. Early socialization helps him feel that picks up direction almost before his comfortable with new people, though he will always show caution among strangers. trainer supplies it. Like many hunting breeds, the Finnish Appearance 16-20.5” (40.5-52 cm) Spitz is an athlete, and makes an excellent 33-53 lb (15-24 kg) jogging companion as long as the weather Dense, insulating double coat. All colours, isn’t too hot.

Black, liver, golden-liver, mahogany red or with one colour dominating. roan. Tan markings acceptable. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Appearance 15-20” (39-51 cm) 15-35 lb (7-16 kg) Straight, long harsh outercoat. Short, soft dense undercoat. Shades of reddish brown, golden red. May have white markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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FOX TERRIER (WIRE)

FRENCH BULLDOG

French Bulldog

FLAT COATED RETRIEVER - See Retriever (Flat Coated)

FOX TERRIER (SMOOTH)

SEVEN NATURAL

WAYS TO SUPPORT YOUR DOG’S IMMUNE SYSTEM.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

SK Paigewyre Reg’d, Patricia E Garling. Quality homeraised puppies occasionally for pet or show. Stud service available. Health guaranteed. 938 1st St, Estevan, SK S4A 0G6. (306) 634-1252; paigewyre@sasktel. net; www.paigewyre.com

pied or black-masked fawn. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

ON KARENDON PERM. REG’D., CKC MASTER BREEDER. For over 28 years and 18 generations, we have focused our select breeding program on health, temperament

French Bulldog continued on page 104.

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History The Fox Terrier has been around Canadian Champion Karendon’s Whole Latte since the early days of mounted fox hunts. Love. Latte represents 18 generations of Hounds were used to scent and follow prey, linebreeding Healthy French Bulldogs with sound History One of the original English terriers, but were not suited to taking the fox in its temperaments and extraordinary Type. Bred/ Owned by Karen E. Cram, Karendon Perm. the Fox Terrier has been ferreting out small den. For this, hunters would carry a Fox Registered. CKC Master Breeder. animals since the 1400s. When fox hunting Terrier in a sack or box as they rode, letting became the British aristocracy’s favourite him out when the fox had gone to ground History The Bulldog was very popular sport in the 18th century, hunters carried so he could pursue the fox into its den and in England during the 1800s. While the larger varieties were best for fighting, the compact dog on horseback, setting chase it out. many people preferred the smaller ones, him down when the prey took cover. The scrappy little dog was sure to go to ground – The breed existed for many years before which became much-loved house pets. The Nottingham region of England, and have something to show for it. In 1862, being defined in the late 1800s when dog known for its lace-making, was particularly the breed made its first appearance at a dog shows became popular. Two varieties were enamoured of these smaller Bulldogs. recognized – the smooth coated and wire show in the English manufacturing centre When the Industrial Revolution and coated Fox Terrier. The ancestry of each of Birmingham, thereby guaranteeing its economic downturn of the 1860s forced is likely different, with the Greyhound, place as “the working man’s” favourite. Beagle and Bull Terrier founding the lace-makers to move to France in pursuit The breed made its North American debut Smooth Fox Terrier, and the now extinct of work, they took their dogs with them. at the turn of the 20th century. Not long Welsh Black and Tan Terrier founding the These animals were then crossed with local afterwards, it was immortalized in the record Wire Fox Terrier. Despite their differing dogs, producing the breed now known as the French Bulldog. company logo for “His Master’s Voice”. origins, the two varieties were not Personality Scrappy, happy, plucky and recognized as separate breeds in North The French Bulldog became popular in North personable, the Fox Terrier’s compact size America until the 1980s. America in the 19th century. At that time, makes him a natural city dweller, providing Personality Alert and active, the Wire Fox both the English-style “rose” (folded) ears and he gets plenty of fun and exercise. True Terrier is a fun dog to have around the the newer “bat” (erect) ears were considered to his breeding, the Fox Terrier can be a home. He is a hunter at heart and should acceptable. American breeders greatly digger, which makes him a candidate for be watched with smaller pets that might be preferred the bat ears. Eventually they won out. early training. considered prey. Early socialization helps Bat ears are now the accepted breed standard. him become more confident and easy to Personality Cheerful and full of playful Appearance 14.5-15.5” (36.8-39.5 cm) manage when confronted with new people joie de vivre, the French Bulldog or Frenchie 15.5-18 lb (7-8 kg) and situations. He is quite intelligent is a wonderful family pet. He gets along and with positive training can do well in with everyone, including other pets. His Smooth, thick, hard coat. Mostly white with obedience or agility. The Wire Fox Terrier shortened muzzle tends to make him black, tan or ginger markings. gets quite attached to his people, prefers to snore and drool, and he shouldn’t be not be left alone for long periods, and can exercised heavily in hot weather. With Quick Facts his happy disposition and good-hearted be a bit of a barker. Exercise Requirements nature, he enjoys positive training and is Grooming Appearance Up to 15.5” (40 cm) generally an obedient soul. Up to 18 lb (8 kg) Appearance 12” (30 cm) Wiry, hard dense outercoat. Soft dense 22-28 lb (10-12.5 kg) undercoat. Mostly white with black, black Short, smooth glossy coat. Brindle, fawn, FLIP TO P. 72 FOR and tan, or tan markings. cream, white, brindle and white, brindle

German Pinscher

Personality Always alert and at the ready, the German Pinscher is a multi-talented dog who needs strong leadership and a job to keep him French Bulldog happy. He is intelligent and assertive, quick to and type. Our Pedigrees represent the learn, and able to think for himself. German finest bloodlines in the world. In addition to Pinschers do well in many dog sports, and being Canadian and American Conformation benefit from early socialization. Champions, our Beautiful French Bulldogs are Best In Specialty Show, Best In Show, and Multiple Group Winners. They are always lovingly Breeder/Owner Handled in the Conformation Show Ring. Most importantly, our French Bulldogs are Amazing pets, with average lifespans of 12-14 years. Our French Bulldogs are always fed a whole food raw diet. (613) 752-2382; karen@karendonfrenchbulldogs.com; www.karendonfrenchbulldogs.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement on page 103.) Nifty Reg’d, Kathy O’Drowsky. 933-4773; odrowsky@aol.com; niftyfrenchbulldogs.com

(519) www.

Appearance 1 7-20” (43-51 cm) 31-44 lb (14-20 kg)

GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG

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History One of the world’s best known breeds, the German Shepherd was created by Rittmeister Max von Stephanitz. In the 1890s, von Stephanitz sought to create a superb German herding dog. He selected the best dogs from local farm stock, and the result was the German Shepherd. When the need for herding dogs decreased, von Stephanitz continued promoting his breed History Although he looks like a miniature by encouraging the military and police Doberman, the German Pinscher goes back to use them. They did so well that 48,000 centuries and was the inspiration for Louis German Shepherds were enlisted in the Dobermann when he created his breed. The German Army during World War I. progenitors of the Pinscher were Terriers, too large to chase prey underground but suited to The German Shepherd’s intelligence and hunting beaver, badger and otter. By the 15th versatility have kept him popular, despite century, the breed developed into the Rattler, the boycotting of German breeds during the which came in two varieties: smooth and First and Second World Wars. He now is used rough. The German Pinscher is descended for many purposes including police work, search and rescue, scent discrimination, from the smooth Rattler. guide and assistance duties and military The breed was not recognized officially work. He is also a prized companion dog. until 1879. Like many German breeds, the Pinscher nearly died out during the Personality An intelligent and poised dog, First and Second World Wars. In 1958, the German Shepherd is prized for his Herr Werner Jung undertook the effort of quick-thinking, brave and observant nature. rebuilding the breed, searching Germany He is easy to train, and loves to work. To stay for good representatives of the Pinscher happy, he needs regular exercise for both type. All modern German Pinschers are mind and body. German Shepherds make descendants of Jung’s breeding program. great family dogs, and do well with children. 104

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Medium-length, dense harsh outercoat. Thick undercoat. May have ruff. Most colours accepted except white. Some breeders select for white shepherds and promote them as a separate breed. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Short, dense, smooth close-lying coat. All solid colours ranging from fawn to stag red, ON black and blue with reddish-tan markings. Armstrong-Purnell Janice & Murray Purnell, Sanhedrin Reg’d. Quality home raised puppies Quick Facts from sound, health champion & obedience Exercise Requirements OFA certified clear stock. Our dogs do Grooming

Rosehall & Ashmoor Perm. Reg’d, Through education, promotion and dedication we are striving to produce the benchmark of French Bulldogs standard. Breeders, owners and handlers, Robert and Elizabeth Bennett and Jill Francis. ebennett5@mac.com, jillfrancis@ cogeco.ca

GERMAN PINSCHER

Appearance 21-26” (55-66 cm) 48-88 lb (22-40 kg)

well in Obedience & Shows, but most of all, are loving family companions. 8676 Hwy 9, Tottenham, ON L0G 1W0. (416) 4413724 Cell; willysammi@hotmail.com; www. sanhedringermanshepherds.com Burgimwald Reg’d, Excellent temperament with high drive and happy disposition living on our forested 60 acre estate. Our dogs are from Germany’s top world famous bloodlines. Zamp, Farbenspiel, 14 generations of Trienzbachtal bloodlines and many more. All of our dogs are Canadian Champions. Home of champion dog, Diesel vom Burgimwald, co-star of CityTV’s Hudson & Rex. Our puppies are outstanding. Born and raised in our home puppy nursery. Puppy inquiries welcome. Barrie, ON. Young dogs and trained adults from Germany available occasionally. Call Erwin at (705) 333-8888; burgimwald@gmail.com; www. burgimwald.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

SK Backstromhus Reg’d, Edith Norling. Bred for soundness, loyalty, athleticism and intelligence. Home-raised puppies are good with children and make excellent companions. They do well in obedience, tracking and protection work. All breeding stock is health checked working or VA lines from Germany. Guarantee provided. Stud service and custom importing available. Saskatoon, SK (306) 653-2324; gnilrone@ sasktel.net; www.backstromhus.com

legend Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

History The Glen of Imaal Terrier gets its name from its place of origin – the remote, rocky Glen of Imaal in mountainous mid-Eastern Ireland. As trusty sidekicks to farmers, “glens”, as they’re known, were trained to hunt varmint – especially badgers – and perform other odd farm chores. Their nickname “Turnspit Dog” suggests that they were used in kitchens to run on a wheel that turned meat on a spit – a job perfectly suited to their stalky, powerful legs. This resilient terrier breed was a well-kept secret in Ireland for several hundred years until it was first brought to North America in the 1930s. It wasn’t until the 1980s, however, that breeders and fanciers intentionally imported several of the dogs from overseas, founding the Glen of Imaal Terrier Club of America in 1986. Nearly 40 years later in 2021, the Glen of Imaal Terrier was recognized as a registered breed by the Canadian Kennel Club.

History The Great Dane got his name from an 18th century French naturalist who believed the breed originated in Denmark and called it the “Grand Danois”. In actuality, the breed was developed in Germany where it was called the “Deutsche Dogge” or German Mastiff. This is a far more suitable name since the Great Dane likely descended from the ancient Alaunt, a Mastiff-type dog depicted in tomb drawings as early as 2200 BC. Over time, Irish Wolfhound and English Mastiff bloodlines were likely added, giving the breed added size.

Personality Built for hard work but a sucker for a scratch behind the ears, the glen makes an excellent addition to family life. The breed is highly affectionate and less excitable than most terriers, and displays great courage in the face of new environments. Because of their background, glens thrive when given a job, and should be engaged in both mental and physical exercise daily. Appearance 12-14” (30-36 cm) 30-40 lb (14-18 kg) Medium length rough, wiry coat with soft undercoat. Wheaten or blue brindle Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

GOLDEN RETRIEVER -See Retriever (Golden)

GORDON SETTER

GREAT PYRENEES

Great Pyrenees

GREAT DANE

Can & UKC Woolmarsh Prestonfield Matisse. Bred by Dr. Carol Graham & Norma Eddinton, Woolmarsh Perm. Reg’d. Owned by Dr. Carol Graham, Woolmarsh Perm. Reg’d. 5039 Erin Fourth Line, Acton, ON L7J 2L8

History Born in the Pyrenees Mountains of France and Spain, the Great Pyrenees protected the sheep and cattle that supported native peoples. Brave, sure-footed and utterly reliable, these white giants cared for their charges like no others. In 1675, the French Prince, later King Louis XIV, fell in love with a dog named Patou, who he brought home with him when he returned to France. Other nobles wanted a dog like Patou, and the breed soon Strong and brave, the Great Dane was a war became known as the “Royal Dog of France”. dog for Germans and Celts, but over time, The Great Pyrenees remained popular as a the Germans refined the breed, which herder. He was also favoured as a guard dog. was so well loved that it was declared the In the mid-1600s, several Great Pyrenees were national dog of Germany in 1876. By the exported by Basque fishermen who brought mid-1800s, Great Danes were imported to them to the Canadian Maritimes. There they North America where breeders worked became founders for the Newfoundland dog. to tone down their sometimes fiercely More recently, Great Pyrenees were exported protective nature, producing an even- to North America in the 1930s, where they tempered though still protective dog. This gained new popularity among breeders. made North American Great Danes the Personality Bred to be a herd guardian, it’s most desirable in the world. no surprise the Great Pyrenees is a protective Personality Big, bold and a bit goofy, the dog dedicated to his family. He is kind and Great Dane is a loving dog who adores his gentle with his flock, human or otherwise, people. He is a leaner, preferring to be but cautious with strangers. It is important to socialize Great Pyrenees at a young age. He right up against his owner, and if he had his has a tendency to want to patrol his territory, way he’d be a lap dog too. He enjoys going as he would livestock, so a well-fenced yard for long and often brisk walks, and without or leash walks are essential. Overall he is a training can be difficult to hold onto once serious conscientious family member who he gets going. Given his great size and will protect his family with his life. independent thinking, it is important to start training early, keeping sessions short Appearance 25-32” (63-81 cm) over 88 lb (female) or and sweet. 100 lb (male) (40 kg or 50 kg) Appearance At least 28” (71 cm) Long, flat thick outercoat. Dense wooly At least 100 lb (46 kg) outercoat. Neck ruff. White, white with grey, Short, thick glossy coat. Brindle, fawn, black, badger, reddish brown, tan markings. harlequin, mantle and Blue. Quick Facts Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Exercise Requirements Grooming Grooming

- See Setter (Gordon)

WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR DOG’S BRAIN WHEN YOU TALK TO HIM? FIND OUT ON P. 39.

ON Woolmarsh Perm Reg’d, Dr. Carol Graham. Erin Fourth Line, Acton, ON L7J 2L8. Well socialized, home raised puppies occasionally from OFA certified parents. We also help with Great Pyrenees rescue for the Great Pyrenees Club of Southern Ontario. Inquiries welcome. (519) 853-3005; (519) 855-6439 Bus; (519) 855-4408 Fax; woolmarsh53@gmail.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

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GLEN OF IMAAL TERRIER

GREYHOUND

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Greater Swiss Mountain Dog

GREATER SWISS MOUNTAIN DOG

History The oldest of the four Swiss Sennenhund varieties, the Greater Swiss Mountain dog is a descendant of the Mastiff dogs used by the ancient Romans during their conquests. Swiss farmers used the dogs as guardians, herders, and as draft and butcher’s dogs. Despite being a popular allpurpose working dog, their numbers declined dramatically and by the late 19th century only a few remained. In 1908, a man named Franz Schertenleib rediscovered the breed and implemented a breeding program based on the recommendation from Dr. Albert Heim. In 1910 the Greater Swiss Mountain Dog (aka “Swissy”) was accepted by the Swiss registry and the breed flourished once again.

History The Greyhound is one of the world’s oldest breeds. It dates back to nearly 3000 BC when its image appeared in ancient Egyptian carvings, although the first real description of the breed didn’t appear until 43 BC, when an ancient Roman named Ovid wrote about these sleek hunting dogs.

The Greyhound has changed very little since those early times. These fast, streamlined dogs were for royalty only, and originally used as sight hounds for hunting every type of game from hare to deer to foxes. It wasn’t until just over 200 years ago that Greyhound coursing became popular. Greyhounds were brought to North America by Spanish explorers in the 1500s and were among the first dogs to be recorded at American dog shows in the late 19th century. Among the Personality This mellow breed makes famous personalities who own Greyhounds for an ideal family dog. Patient, friendly, are George Washington and General Custer. and intelligent, the Swissy is a good Personality Beautiful, lean and lively, companion and a good guard dog without the Greyhound is today mostly valued as a having aggressive traits. His consistent companion animal. Not surprisingly, he’s temperament makes him good with the fastest of dog breeds and relies on sight children and other dogs. While mellow, and speed to make his way through the the Swissy remains puppy-like into its world. A safe space to run off-leash is key to second or third year. They enjoy lounging fulfilling these natural drives. His intensity with their family, as well as engaging in during exercise is nicely balanced by a calm, group activities. Socialization from a catlike demeanor indoors. He has a sweet young age is also important, since they can nature and makes a loving pet. be naturally protective. Appearance 26-28 in (66-76 cm) Appearance 23.5-28.5” (60-72 cm) 110-154.5 lb (50-70 kg)

60-75 lb (27-29.5 kg)

Black, fawn and red, often with white or brindle markings.

PUREBRED

Medium-length, thick outercoat with short, thick undercoat. Symmetrical black, white, Quick Facts and tan markings on face. Body is black Exercise Requirements with rust and white coloured markings. Soft, Grooming floppy ears. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

GRIFFON (BRUSSELS)

History In the past, stable masters often had problems with rats that thrived off spilled grain left by horses as they ate. To counter this problem, fierce ratters like the Affenpinscher were common in stables. These dogs came to be known as Griffon D’Ecurie, or Stable Griffons. Lively and friendly, they were often taken along for rides as the coachmen left the stables for their duties. Nobles saw these cute canine companions and soon took them into their own homes as pets. Over time, other breeds such as Pugs and Toy Spaniels were crossed with Stable Griffons, giving them a higher skull and smaller size. Three varieties of coat and type developed: the rough red became known as the Brussels Griffon. The First and Second World Wars were hard on the Brussels Griffon. Fortunately, the breed was preserved in both Europe and in North America. Personality Distinguished by his humanlike face, the Brussels Griffon is a bright, confident and curious imp. He bonds strongly with his person and can be shy with strangers, so benefits from early socialization. Intelligent, affectionate and sensitive, the Brussels Griffon needs an owner who trains in a positive manner and is attentive to his needs. Appearance 7-8” (18-20 cm) 7-13 lb (3-6 kg) Rough: wiry, hard dense coat. Beard and moustache. Smooth: short, straight glossy coat. Black, red, reddish-brown, or black with reddish-brown markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

“A dog doesn’t care if you’re rich or poor, educated or illiterate, clever or dull. Give him your heart and he will give you his.” – John Grogan 106

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

ON Bonnieview Reg’d, Lorraine GravelleBain. RR 4 Mount Forest, ON. (519) 3236071; dlbain@bonnieviewkennels.ca; www. bonnieviewkennels.ca

History Around 1870, a Dutchman named Korthals decided to create a sporting dog that could compete with English gun dogs. Beginning with Griffon stock, which he carefully inbred to set the traits he desired, he then combined other sporting breeds such as the French Pointer, French Barbet, German Short-Haired Pointer and various spaniels and setters. The resulting dogs were strong, versatile and excellent birding dogs that could point, track and retrieve their prey. Though slower than many other breeds of gun dog, the Wire Haired Pointing Griffon had the advantage of being easy to work in small farm fields. It also had the ability to track injured birds that ran, ensuring the kill was not lost. The breed did well in Europe and gained a great following in France, which is credited as its country of origin. However, it did not gain popularity in North America, where its slower speed didn’t suit the wide open regions frequented by hunters. This dog is equally suited to retrieving on land or in water.

CKC Grand Champion MistyTrails H’Dalgos Chido Wey. Top Havanese in Canada 2021. Bred/Owned by Emily & Bev Dorma, MistyTrails Reg’d, Box 343 Cobble Hill, BC V0R 1L0. mistytrails@universe.com

History A descendant of one of many “small white dogs” of Bichon type, the Havanese was developed on the island of Cuba. The hot climate and customs of the region produced a smaller breed with a unique silken coat, which people called the Blanquito de la Habana or the Havanese Silk Dog. The breed’s silken hairs insulated the dogs, protecting them from the heat and sun.

Matalsha Companions, Darlene Eckhardt. Exceptional quality home raised puppies. Health and temperament are our priorities. Our adorable affectionate companions are lovingly raised, CKC registered and have a health guarantee. Holstein, ON N0G 2A0. (519) 334-3923; matalsha@hotmail. com; www.matalshacompanions.com

IBIZAN HOUND

The breed caught the eye of Europeans in the mid-1700s. Queen Victoria, a great fancier of unusual dogs, was said to have owned two Havanese. Charles Dickens also owned a Havanese named Tim. In Cuba, the breed went from being a favourite of the sugar barons to a popular family dog among the bourgeois. The Cuban revolution might have spelled the end of the breed, except for a handful of dogs that escaped with refugees to the United States. American breeders purchased the dogs History Brought to Ibiza (a Balearic Island Personality A lover of the outdoors, the to keep the breed from dying out. These 11 Wire Haired Pointing Griffon is an active dogs became the founders of the Havanese off the coast of Spain) by Phoenician traders, the Ibizan Hound has a remarkable dog who thrives on long walks in any kind breed as we now know it. of weather. Indoors he is relaxed and happy Personality The cheerful, loving Havanese resemblance to the Egyptian god, Anubis, to spend time with his family. His stable is an easy breed to fall in love with. He is and the Egyptian Pharaoh Hound. A hunter disposition makes him a good playmate for outgoing and friendly, though alert and children. Respectful and responsive, the willing to warn his people of danger. He is a of rabbits and other small game, the Ibizan Wire Haired Pointing Griffon is easy to train. Velcro dog who needs to be with his people helped supplement the food supplies of at all times. A natural showoff, the Havanese islanders for over 5,000 years. Thanks to their Appearance 19-24” (49-61 cm) loves to play, learn new tricks, and be the great speed and hunting ability, Ibizans 50-60 lb (23-27 kg) center of attention. Training is easy so the brought to Europe became favourites among Medium-length, straight coarse outercoat. Havanese makes a great therapy dog. poachers, and the breed was eventually Fine, thick downy undercoat. Moustache. Appearance 8.5-11.5” (21-29 cm) banned in France. By the 20th century, the Steel grey with liver patches, liver roan, liver, 7-14 lb (3-6.5 kg) Ibizan Hound was considered a native liver and white, orange and white. Long, silken, flat, wavy or curly outercoat. Quick Facts Wooly underdeveloped undercoat. All colours. Spanish breed. The Marquesa de Belgida of Barcelona kept a large kennel of Ibizans on Exercise Requirements Quick Facts Grooming the island of Majorca and promoted the Exercise Requirements breed throughout the world, where the dogs Grooming NB continue to be successful hunters, coursers, PAGESKA’S Griffon Town Kennel, Producing show dogs and companions. Supreme Gun Dogs for serious hunters. Home of BC the All Time Number One Griffon in the History of Canada. Producing 100% Authentic Korthals Griffons. Bilingual services, professional hunting dog trainers with locations in Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Contact Paige Pettis at (506) 999-4746 griffontownkennel@hotmail. com and www.griffontownkennel.com

MistyTrails Havanese Reg’d, Bev & Emily Dorma. CKC Premium Registered Vet referred Breeders - Outstanding top quality kitchen raised puppies. World Champion + Pure Cuban bloodlines. Westminster Winner, Multi Best-inShow + Multi Top Havanese in the country for several years. Bred for health, temperament, structure, and longevity. All dogs are ANNUALLY health-tested, with results posted ONLINE + Vet files are open. Show, Pet-Companion,

Ibizan Hound

Agility, Therapy puppies occasionally available. Experience on your side. Bev, MistyTrails Havanese of Box 343, Cobble Hill, BC V0R 1L0. mistytrails@uniserve.com; www.mistytrails.ca; http://www.wix.com/mistytrails/pups (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

Personality Though he may look aloof and aristocratic, the Ibizan Hound, or Beezer, is an affectionate and sensible companion. He is an exceptional jumper, known for clearing up to 6’ in height, and an amazing runner, reaching up to 40 miles an hour. Because he is traditionally a hunter, it is essential to actively Ibizan Hound continued on page 108. CanadianDOGS.com 107

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GRIFFON (WIRE HAIRED POINTING) HAVANESE

socialize him to other pets as he may see them as prey. The Ibizan is an active dog who is happiest if he has a secure area with 8’ high fences where he can safely run and exercise. Appearance 22-29” (56-74 cm) 40-55 lb (18-25 kg) Smooth: strong, hard shiny coat. Rough: wiry, hard dense coat. May have beard and/ or moustache. White or red, either solid or in combination. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Smooth Rough

ICELAND SHEEPDOG

Personality Nicknamed the “daredevil” of the canine world, the plucky Irish Terrier is a courageous and charming dog with a heart of gold. He is attached to his family, loyal and affectionate, devoted and full of pizzazz. Appearance 16-18” (40-46 cm) He is always “up” and can be a bit distracted 20-30 lb (9-13.5 kg) at times. He needs lots of opportunities to Shorthaired: medium-length, straight or get out and play, and consistent training. wavy, weatherproof outercoat with thick soft undercoat. Neck ruff. Longhaired: longer- Appearance 18-19” (45-48 cm) 25-27 lb (11.5-12 kg) length, straight or wavy, weatherproof outercoat with thick soft undercoat. Wiry, stiff dense outercoat. Softer undercoat. Neck ruff. Tan shades, chocolate, May have slight beard. Bright red, golden brown, grey, black. White markings. red or red wheaten. Tan and grey dogs have black mask. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Shorthaired Longhaired BC Pineridge Reg’d, Jill Fike. Home raised puppies for twenty-one years. Affectionate, intelligent, friendly temperament, loyal companions, hardy and healthy and ideal family pets. Easily trainable for show, agility, obedience, work or therapy. Excellent care home visitors. Health guarantee. Chase, B.C. (250) 679-3540; pineice@xplornet. com; www.pineridgeicelandics.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

IRISH SETTER Pineridgice Leikur. Affectionate, athletic, intelligent, friendly temperament, loyal companion, hardy, healthy and an ideal family pet. Trainable as a working, show, and/or therapy dog. Bred/owned by Jill Fike, Pineridge Icelandics, Reg’d. 1049 Hepburn Road, Chase, B.C. V0E 1M1 (250) 679-3540

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- See Spaniel (Irish Water)

IRISH TERRIER

Photo: Windeire Reg’d

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

IRISH WATER SPANIEL IRISH WOLFHOUND

- See Setter (Irish)

History Brought to Iceland with the Vikings in 880 CE, the Iceland Sheepdog is a hardy breed greatly influenced by the harsh environment it developed in. Prized for its ability to herd and guard sheep in the hostile terrain of Iceland, the breed is known for its ability to scent lost sheep, even when buried in over a foot of snow. The Iceland Sheepdog gained some popularity in England during the Middle Ages, but History One of the oldest breeds of terrier, because of import and export restrictions, it the Irish Terrier originated in County Cork, Ireland. Kept by peasants to keep rats at bay, has remained a very pure breed. the Irish Terrier doubled as a soft-mouthed Though decimated over the centuries retriever who helped bring food to the because of famine, a distemper epidemic, dinner table. For practical reasons, the and disfavour, the breed avoided extinction Irish Terrier came in a wide variety of types thanks in part to Mark Watson, an and sizes, so when it was first introduced Englishman who lived in California. From to the dog show world in 1875, it was clear 1930 to 1970, he exported several of these a breed standard needed to be defined. dogs and worked to rebuild the decimated This was accomplished by 1900, after much breed. In 1969, the Icelandic Kennel Club discussion and effort, and the large red was founded to watch over the breed and Irish Terrier became the accepted norm. promote its place in Iceland’s history. The breed spread to North America in Personality The Iceland Sheepdog is an alert the late 19th century and remains a useful and active dog. He’s also vocal, with a unique and versatile breed with a distinct look and herding style that involves barking to alert the temperament. 108

ON Windeire Reg’d, Ian MacDonald. Canadian, American champion bloodlines. Sound home raised puppies occasionally. Bred for health, temperament and show. Excellent companion dog for family with a fenced yard. Sold with contract. Experienced breeder since 1991. Visitors welcome by appointment only. RR1 Ilderton ON N0M2A0, (519) 666-0195, www. windeire.ca, imacd@uwo.ca

Photo: Windeire Reg’d

Iceland Sheepdog

Ibizan Hound

shepherd to his location. He is playful and friendly, and adores children. As a working breed, he requires lots of exercise to keep him happy, and enjoys learning new things.

History Ireland’s history would not be complete without the giant sighthounds now known as the country’s national dog. Likely descended from the giant roughcoated Greyhounds of pre-Christian times, known as the Cu, the Irish Wolfhound could only be owned by nobility. Originally used as dogs of war, guardians, and hunters of boar, stags and elk, Wolfhounds became specialists in hunting wolves in the 15th and 16th centuries. At that time, wolves were such a problem that it was illegal to export Irish Wolfhounds from the United Kingdom. By the late 1700s, the wolf was extinct and Irish Wolfhounds no longer needed. During the Great Irish Famine of 1845, there was no food to spare for dogs, and the Irish Wolfhound nearly disappeared. In 1859, Captain George Augustus Graham made the breed’s restoration his life’s work. Personality Truly a gentle giant, the Irish Wolfhound is an even-tempered, intelligent

Appearance Females min. 28” (71 cm); min. 90 lb (41 kg) Males min. 32” (79 cm); min.120 lb (55 kg) Rough hard outercoat. Longer and more wiry around beard and eyes. Grey, brindle, red, black, white, wheaten, fawn, or any other colour acceptable in Deerhounds. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

ITALIAN GREYHOUND

does not suit homes with boisterous children Terriers were grouped together as Jack Russell and aggressive dogs. He actually loves to Terriers, but in 1904 a group of Terrier fancies socialize with his own kind. set the breed standard for recognizing the Jack Russell as a unique and distinct breed. Appearance 12.5-15” (32-38 cm) 8-10 lb (3.5-4.5 kg) Short, fine glossy coat. All shades of black, Personality Feisty, fearless, and enthusiastic, grey, fawn, cream, blue, red, chocolate, the Jack Russell is up for any challenge. Positive training and maintaining evenbronze, blue-fawn, red-fawn and white. paced activities is important for this highQuick Facts energy dog. He makes a great companion Exercise Requirements for someone with an active lifestyle. The Grooming Jack Russell loves to explore, play, and chase. Luckily, their small size means they are easy to bring along on outings and trips. ON Boccalupo Reg’d, Boccalupo Reg’d, Dini Westman. Healthy • Fast • Beautiful. Boccalupo Italian Greyhounds, kennel-free breeders specializing in structurally sound, genetic health tested, excellent temperaments. Members of the Italian Greyhound Club of Canada, CKC and AKC. Reservation only for occasional puppies. Please visit our website for details on upcoming litters in Stratford, Ontario. Champion show dogs, lure coursing and agility. thewestmans@ yahoo.ca; www.bocccalupoIGs.com Riverport Reg’d, Demetrius & Corinna Yannoulopoulos. Breeding and showing since 1980. Home to several of Canada’s top winning show Italian Greyhounds. Puppies available occasionally to approved homes by reservation only. For more information and details on upcoming litters visit our website at www. pickofthelitter.org. (613) 838-3674; demcor@ sympatico.ca (See our Breed Ambassador at left).

Japanese Chin

and affectionate dog. He loves his family, and despite his large size is completely trustworthy with children, and friendly with other animals. Slow to mature, the Wolfhound remains a puppy until two years of age, growing rapidly throughout this period. Being a sighthound, a Wolfhound may give chase if he sees something interesting, and should always be kept in a fenced yard. While enjoying a good run, these dogs are happy to lounge around the house when they’re done.

Appearance 10-12” (25-30 cm) 11-13 lb (5-6 kg)

Predominately white with black and/or tan markings; also all white. Three types of coat: smooth, rough, broken. Dense, doublecoats. Almond-shaped eyes. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

JAPANESE CHIN

In Victorian times, breeders attempted to further reduce the size of the already tiny dog, but this led to a weakening of the gene pool and unhealthy dogs. The First and Second World Wars further reduced the breed’s numbers. Fortunately, a strong population of Italian Greyhounds remained in North America, where the true breed type, size and bloodlines were maintained. Personality Curious and gentle, the Italian Greyhound is affectionate and bonds strongly to his family. Because of his small size and tiny structure, the Italian Greyhound is a delicate companion who

JACK RUSSELL TERRIER

History Terriers were a popular fox hunting breed in England during the 1800s. The Parson John “Jack” Russell developed a particular strain of terrier that he determined was the ideal type of fox hunting dog. This dog was predominately white and possessed qualities of intelligence, stable temperament, and quick, determined instincts. Parson Jack bred a dog that could chase a fox and rush it from its den without being too aggressive and ruining the hunt. For many years, several

History Once a popular addition to Chinese and Japanese royal courts, the Japanese Chin is known for its enduring role as a lapdog, dating back as far as the 6th century. There is much debate regarding the origin of its name, which stems from either its native land or its primary behavioural traits – “Chin” has been said to mean “from China”, “cat-like”, or “separate being”, as the breed was thought to be of higher value than a typical dog. Upon its arrival in America in the late 1800s, the unusual exotic breed was first recognized as a Japanese Spaniel due to its similarity to the American breed. In 1977, the name was officially changed to honour the breed’s heritage, and it has since been acknowledged as one of the best companion dogs in North America. Personality Known for its energetic yet wellmannered behaviour, the Japanese Chin is an agile breed with cat-like tendencies. They enjoy jumping and climbing, but adapt well to any indoor environment, including small apartments, and require little exercise. An intelligent breed, the Chin is very loyal, gentle and kind, and thrives around people, Japanese Chin continued on page 110.

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History The Italian Greyhound’s origins do not begin in or even near Italy. The breed actually started out in Egypt, where a toysized hound was produced by breeding small Greyhounds to one another. Early Romans fell in love with the breed and brought the dogs back to Rome, where they quickly became attached to high-ranking officials. The Italian Greyhound earned its name as a companion dog in the 16th century, and it spread throughout Europe as the lapdog of royals such as Mary, Queen of Scots, Anne of Denmark, and Queen Victoria.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

“Riverport’s Ravenna”. Representing lovely breed type and correct size. Bred and owned by Riverport Kennels Reg’d., Ottawa, ON

Decho Reg’d, Don Schaffer. Selectively breeding for quality, type, soundness and temperament. Champion line bred bloodlines. Lovingly home-raised show and companion puppies occasionally. Temperament and health guarantee. 2702 Reynolds St, Regina, SK S4N 3P4. (306) 537-1017; decho@myaccess.ca

Karelian Bear Dog

to read thanks to an intelligent nature, acute instincts and superb communication skills. He needs exercise and space that Japanese Chin an urban environment cannot offer, and children included, as long as they’re not tends to do best with a fair, confident rough. Chins can grow quite attached so master who will respect his independence. avoid separation anxiety by using positive training methods and ensuring they receive Appearance 19-23.5” (48-60 cm) adequate love and attention. 37.5-61.5 lb (17-28 kg) Appearance 8-12” (20-30 cm) 7-9 lb (1.8-4.1 kg)

Long, straight harsh outercoat. Thick downy undercoat. Neck ruff. Mixture of black, grey and cream. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

KERRY BLUE TERRIER

Distinct white markings on thick, black outer coat. Soft insulating undercoat. Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Large, wide head; round, wide-set eyes; and Quick Facts a rather flat face. Small v-shaped ears, and a Exercise Requirements plumed tail that curls over the back. Thick Grooming but feathery coat that rarely mats, ranging from black and white to sable and white, or a KEESHOND tri-coloured coat of the same colours. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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KARELIAN BEAR DOG

History The Keeshond is an ancient, Spitztype breed originating in the Netherlands. The Kees or Spitz “honds”, as they were known, were common watchdogs that cared for the wagons, carts and barges used to transport goods. In 1781, Holland was divided History Named for his ability to hunt and into two political factions: the Orangists and provide protection from bears, the Karelian the rebellious Dutch Patriots, who adopted Bear Dog is bold enough to go after large the Keeshond as their emblem. When the game such as elk, moose and wolves, and rebels were defeated, people were afraid to be tough enough to withstand the harsh seen with this trademark symbol of the rebellion, and many Keeshonds were northern climates from whence he came. discarded. Thought to be descended from northern Spitz breeds, the Karelian Bear Dog thrived Farmers and barge owners quietly for generations in Karelia, a region presently retained these useful dogs, however, and encompassed by Finland and Russia, where continued to breed them. When Baroness isolation kept its genes pure. The arrival of van Hardenbroek took interest in the World War II almost destroyed the breed, Keeshond in 1920, she was amazed to find but fortunately, a group of Finn and Russian the farmers and bargemen had kept the supporters took steps to bring it back. breed type intact. Soon the Keeshond was The Finnish Kennel Club recognized the recognized throughout Holland, and by Karelian Bear Dog in 1946, and today it’s the 1930s it made its way into Europe and one of their most popular breeds. Though North America. this hardy dog is still primarily used for Personality Sometimes called the “laughing hunting, he also excels in obedience, search Dutchman”, the Keeshond is an outgoing and rescue and sled dog trials. family-friendly dog. He thrives on affection Personality Courageous and athletic, and loves to be a part of family life. A vocal the Karelian Bear Dog’s connection with watchdog, he is playful and learns quickly his “person” is affectionate and unfailing, as long as there is sufficient motivation and for this reason he is beloved by many to learn. Cuddly and full of cheer, the hunters. Typically the dog’s affection does Keeshond is excellent with children, and not extend to other pets due to his energetic, dedicated to his family. competitive spirit. However, the Karelian Appearance 17-18” (43-46 cm) Bear Dog is easy to train and even easier 55-66 lb (25-30 kg) 110

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

History When Spanish ships went down off the Irish coast in 1588, the dark spaniel survivors likely made it to shore and bred with local terriers. These are the probable forebears of the Kerry Blue Terrier, although there may be other bloodlines, including the “Russian blue dog”, who surfaced after a shipwreck off Tralee Bay in the late 1770s. Some even suggest the Kerry Blue originated when locals crossed terriers with Irish Wolfhounds to produce a large strong hunter. Whatever his bloodlines, the hardy Kerry Blue Terrier became the perfect working dog of County Kerry people and was indispensible as a ratter, herder, hunter, fighter and guarder. The Kerry Blue Terrier’s popularity grew in the mid-1920s when he became the mascot of the Irish Patriots in their struggle for independence from Britain. He was initially a shaggy beast with an unkempt coat, but the dog show world popularized the sculpted, elegantly cut coat. Personality A compact and sturdy dog, the Kerry Blue Terrier is a rough-and-tumble playful fellow who loves to interact with his people. His intelligent and confident nature benefits from socialization and training. He is great with children and an effective guardian, watching over his charges and alerting the family to potential dangers. Appearance 18-19” (46-48 cm) Wavy, soft dense coat. Any shade of blue-grey or grey-blue. May have small white markings. May have black points. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

KUVASZ

History This ancient breed of dog is a descendant of the Ovtcharkas, which made the trip with the Magyars over a thousand years ago. Commonly known as the Kom, this dog was an expert at guarding flocks, as his corded coat could withstand the harsh elements as well as bites from predators. The Kom was bred to think for itself, and little training was required to teach him how to determine what and who was a threat to the flock. As a working dog, the Kom is often matted and shaggy, and looks much like the sheep he guards. After Koms came to the U.S. in the 1930s, people took an interest in grooming and showing the breed. The groomed coat takes the form of long, white cords that give the Kom a look that is very distinct from most other dogs.

History For thousands of years, nomadic Magyar tribes brought guard dogs with them as they moved into the land now known as Hungary. Likely descended from the ancient Tibetan Mastiff, the Kuvasz is believed to have guarded herds of horses. In addition to guarding, these brave and loyal dogs ran alongside warriors as they went into battle, and took down dangerous prey such as wild boar. Settlers in Hungary favoured the Kuvasz for guarding sheep in the wetter mountainous regions. In North America, the breed gained popularity in the 1920s as a patrol dog and guardian of livestock out west.

Kuvasz

KOMONDOR

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

KING CHARLES SPANIEL (ENGLISH TOY SPANIEL)

Confusion exists between the King Charles Spaniel and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, and some distinction here may be helpful. Apart from having the same coat colours, the King Charles Spaniel/English Toy Spaniel is a smaller dog, with a domed head, an undershot jaw, and fused pads.

Personality Tough, serious and loyal, the Komondor is an excellent guard dog, and looking after his family makes him feel important. He is affectionate with family members, including children, and responds very well to positive training and praise. As an unusually intelligent dog, the Komondor can quickly determine whether someone’s intentions are good or bad, so positivity within his household is a must. Strong, large, and muscular, the Komondor makes a great companion for long walks and hikes, and enjoys many athletic activities.

Personality Joyful, enthusiastic and sociable, the King Charles Spaniel adores his people. He is quiet and naturally wellbehaved, apart from some willfulness when it comes to house-training. As much as he Appearance 23.5-31.5” (59.5-80 cm) 80-134.5 lb (36.5-61 kg) loves being around people, he may be shy with strangers. Extending respect and Long, coarse and curly outer coat that is kindness will draw him out. groomed into cords, with a wooly, soft, and dense undercoat. Colour is white. Appearance 10” (25.5 cm) 8-14 lb (3.5-6.5 kg) Quick Facts Fine, silky, feathered coat. Colour names reflect the breed’s regal history: black and tan (King Charles), tri-colour (Prince Charles), red and white (Blenheim), solid red (ruby). Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

KLEINER MÜSTERLÄNDER - See Rare Breeds

Exercise Requirements Grooming

Kuvasz numbers in Europe were decimated during World War II. After the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, fresh interest arose in the national breed, and dedicated breeders worked to bring it back from near extinction. Personality Intensely loyal and dedicated to his family, the Kuvasz remains a guardian breed. He is wary of strangers, and will protect his family should he feel it’s threatened. Careful socialization is essential. Like most working dogs, he is happiest when he has a job. Appearance 26-30” (66-76 cm) 66-137 lb (30-62 kg) Medium-coarse, wavy or straight outercoat. Fine wooly outercoat. Neck ruff. White or ivory. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

LABRADOR RETRIEVER -See Retriever (Labrador)

JUST LIKE US, DOGS CAN GET BORED, FRUSTRATED, ANXIOUS AND DEPRESSED DUE TO LACK OF MENTAL STIMULATION. VISIT P. 16 FOR SOME PROFESSIONAL ADVICE ON ADDING MORE VARIETY AND FUN TO HIS LIFE! CanadianDOGS.com

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History The King Charles Spaniel has the benefit of a steady, sociable spaniel-type temperament in a compact size. Small dogs of the King Charles type were recorded in the court life of 15th century Europe. Back then, toy breeds were essentially hunting/ setting dogs in miniature. It wasn’t until the 1800s that a more distinct look became desirable in a dog, and a small canine with a more rounded head, prominent eyes and shortened muzzle became the fashion. These charming little “comforters” would curl up in a lap, or warm one’s hands and feet. England’s King Charles II became so enamoured with his spaniels that he was accused of ignoring matters of state. The breed took on the king’s name, except in North America, where it is called the English Toy Spaniel.

LAKELAND TERRIER

LEONBERGER Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Lagotto Romagnolo

LAGOTTO ROMAGNOLO

History The Lakeland Terrier gets his name from the lake districts of northern England, where the breed originated. These darkcoloured terriers were categorized as a member of the Fell Terriers, and the English used them to hunt foxes. Unlike the Fox Terriers, these dogs would go to ground and face down the foxes, which required high stamina and perseverance. The Lakeland Terrier was also a popular farm dog, since he would keep the farm free of vermin and yet remain loyal to the flocks and other farm The Lagotto Romagnolo existed amongst animals. Today, this breed is used less as a mixed breeds for centuries, until a group hunting dog and more as family or show dog. of breeders and fanciers got together in Loyal, protective, and the 1980s to establish the dogs as an official Personality intelligent, the Lakeland Terrier is a breed. The Italians still depend on the devoted family companion and a good Lagotto to hunt truffles, but here in North watchdog. With his playful and inquisitive America, he’s known as a good family nature, he is both amusing and fun to train. companion. The Lakeland Terrier thrives with positive, History The Lagotto Romagnolo’s documented history dates back to 16th century Italy, where these water dogs were used for hunting waterfowl in the marshes and wetlands of the Romagna region, which is present day EmiliaRomagna in Italy. Their excellent sense of smell also earned the Lagottos the task of sniffing out truffles, a culinary delicacy in Italian cuisine.

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Personality The Lagotto is known for his gentle manner, affectionate personality and will to please. He lives life as if everyone is his best friend, and makes a good companion for children and other animals. Training is a pleasure since he loves to please and listens well. His intelligence and keen nose make him a good retriever, too. The Lagotto is happiest in the great outdoors, where he can explore, dig, and play with the family and other dogs. He is also fond of swimming and excels at competitive sports. His high energy and stamina is balanced by a mellow and easy-going nature.

encouraging, and diverse training methods, so that he does not become bored. While his hunting instincts can occasionally make him a little territorial with food and toys, this is easily directed with puppy training. Friendly and affectionate with children, the Lakeland loves to socialize. He will happily get his exercise from long strolls and trips to the park with his family. Appearance 13.5-14.5” (34.5-37 cm) 15-17.5 lb (7-8 kg)

History Following his dream to produce a large leonine dog to help promote his business and hometown of Leonberg, Heinrich Essig decided to cross a Landseer Newfoundland with a Saint Bernard. The resulting dog was then crossed back to a Great Pyrenees, and likely had a bit of German or Austrian scent hound and Greater Swiss Mountain Dog mixed in. The result: a giant that could be used as an all-purpose farm and family dog, with a natural love of water. Essig was a good businessman and succeeded in bringing the Leonberger into many royal homes, including those of the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), King Uberto of Italy, Napoleon the III, and Empress Elizabeth of Austria. Like many giant dogs, the Leonberger suffered during the First and Second World Wars, when food shortages forced breeders and owners to abandon them. After the war, it took over 25 years of dedicated work to bring the breed back to a stable population. Personality Huge and cuddly, the Leonberger is the supreme canine teddy bear. He is even-tempered and adores children, though his giant size can be intimidating. As a puppy he is playful and energetic, but he calms down as he matures. Because of his size, it is important to train and socialize him at a young age. The Leonberger is a family-oriented dog who wants to be with his people at all times.

Appearance 25-32” (65-80 cm) Hard, wiry outercoat that stands up to the 80-150 lb (36-68 kg) elements. Soft, short undercoat. Variety of colours, including blue, black, wheaten, red, Long, slightly coarse, close-fitting waterblack and tan, blue and tan, and grizzle. Fur resistant outercoat. Thick soft undercoat. Appearance 1 6-19” (41-48 cm) Feathering. Mane. Lion yellow, golden slightly longer around muzzle. to red-brown, sand and all combinations 24-35.5 lb (11-16 kg) Quick Facts between. Black mask. Double coat is waterproof. Outercoat is Exercise Requirements Quick Facts dense, curly, and woolly. Variety of colours, Grooming Exercise Requirements including white and brown, white and Grooming orange, off-white, brown. Sometimes has a brown mask. ALTHOUGH WE DON’T ON Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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LIKE TO THINK ABOUT IT, PET THEFT IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM! LEARN HOW TO PROTECT YOUR PUP ON P. 66.

Disguise Perm. Reg’d, Pre-spoiled and preloved beautiful leonbergers, raised in our home as part of our family. Breeding only from quality, championed, health tested parents with an emphasis on temperament, health, conformation and European bloodlines. Reservations recommended. Actively participating in the conformation, draft and obedience rings. Wellandport, ON, L0R 2J0. Tanya McCarthy (905) 920-3987; www.disguisedachshundleonberger. com; longears@yahoo.ca

History Descended from ancient Tibetan Spaniels and Terriers, the Lhasa Apso was a favorite of both monk and nobility. Kept indoors, the Lhasa would bark to alert people of potential intruders, while the Tibetan Mastiffs tied outdoors were responsible for active guard duty.

History The Löwchen is an ancient breed, most likely a member of the Bichon family, and possibly descended from Tibetan toy breeds. In the 1500s, the Löwchen was well established in France, Germany and Spain, where it was a court favourite, used by ladies as “hot water bottles” to keep them warm on The lion represents the power of Buddha, and cold nights. Numerous art pieces depicting the Lhasa Apso’s leonine appearance caused tiny dogs clipped in the characteristic “lion” people to believe they were harbingers of good trim document the breed’s favour through to luck. Visiting dignitaries were often gifted with the 18th century. male Lhasa Apsos; females were kept in Tibet By the 20th century, the Löwchen had to prevent the breed from spreading to other fallen out of favour and the breed nearly areas. Some of these gifted Lhasa were taken disappeared. In 1945, Madame M. Bennert to Chinese courts where they were integrated of Brussels began to revive the breed. This into the bloodlines of Chinese dogs such as work continued after her death thanks to the Pekingese and Shih Tzu. In the 1920s, Dr. Richert of Germany. But the Löwchen’s the Dalai Lama gave several Lhasa Apsos to growth was still so slow that in 1959 it was European friends, and from there it made its listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as way to North America, where it has remained the rarest breed in the world, with only 40 popular ever since. recorded dogs alive. Today, the Löwchen is Personality Distinguished and self-possessed, recognized worldwide.

Maltese

MALTESE Photo: JBLittle Maltese Reg’d

LÖWCHEN

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

LHASA APSO

GR CH Amplua Ego Amigo. Happy, Healthy Bloodlines from Canadian Grand Champion Sires. Bred/Owned by Barbara Mason, JBLittle Maltese Reg’d.

History The Maltese is believed to be the oldest European Toy breed. Whether the name comes from the Island of Malta, or the Sicilian town of Melita, the breed was widespread in the Mediterranean from ancient times, appearing on art objects as early as 3,000 years ago. The breed may have arrived in Britain with the Roman invaders, or with the returning Crusaders. Many famous Royals owned Maltese, including Queen Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots. When Maltese were introduced to the dog show world in the mid-1800s, a debate arose over the correct classification of the breed. Was he a terrier, due to his lively personality, or did his body type and coat make him a spaniel? Eventually, breeders concluded the Maltese was in a class of his own.

Personality Spirited, mischievous and undeniably adorable, the Maltese has a personality as big as he is small. He loves to the Lhasa Apso is certain he is special and Personality Though small, the Löwchen play and thrives on attention. Happy to play deserving of respect. He has an uncanny sense is a commanding presence in the home. with children, as long as they are not too of friend and foe, and will vocally announce He is playful and responsive, an intelligent rough, the Maltese delights in learning new his concern if someone bothers him. Friendly dog who is happy to please his owner. He tricks and finding ways to entertain and be with his family, the Lhasa can become responds well to positive training and enjoys entertained. Despite his diminutive size, the Maltese is an alert and fearless watchdog. territorial if not socialized. dog sports like agility. Good with children and other pets, the Löwchen easily fits in Appearance 7.5-10” (19-25 cm) Appearance 10-11.5” (25-29 cm) 6-9 lb (2.5-4 kg) well with most families. 13-18 lb (6-8 kg) Long, flat silky coat. Pure white. Light tan or Long, straight, heavy hard outercoat. Appearance 10-13” (25-33 cm) lemon markings permissible. 8-15 lb (3-6 kg) Undercoat. All colours or combinations Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Long, moderately soft wavy coat. All colours Quick Facts Exercise Requirements and combinations acceptable. Grooming Quick Facts Exercise Requirements AB Grooming Carboncopy Perm. Reg’d, Kathy Slifka. 20

WHY ARE DOGS CONSIDERED MAN’S BEST FRIEND? TURN TO P. 56 TO READ SOME OF THE MANY BENEFITS OF SHARING YOUR LIFE WITH A CANINE COMPANION!

Minutes South of Calgary. Over 30 years experience breeding toy dogs. All dogs raised in our home. Box 764, Black Diamond, AB T0L 0H0. (403) 938-0990; carboncopymaltese@ gmail.com; www.carboncopymaltese.com ON JBLittle Maltese Reg’d, Barbara Mason. We are top Canadian show breeders who work as a family team to show, groom and breed purebred Maltese. Proud to be accredited breeders of the Canadian Kennel Club. Our

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acceptable.

MANCHESTER TERRIER (STANDARD & TOY)

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

MINIATURE AMERICAN SHEPHERD

MASTIFF

- See Rare Breed Directory

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Maltese

Maltese have received multiple Top Show Dog Awards for their outstanding achievement. We have also been honoured with Best in Show, Best in Specialty Show, multiple Best Puppy winning Maltese, multiple Toy Group winning Maltese, multiple Major Winners & multiple Best of Breed winners. We have found success both inside and outside of the show ring. Our Maltese are located worldwide and we offer the highest quality of companions. Dedicated to the Maltese breed, we are registered with the Canadian Kennel Club. We are located 40 minutes west of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. (807) 935-1997; jblittlemaltese@hotmail.com; www.jblittlemaltese.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisment on page 113)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

ManchesterTerrier (Standard & Toy)

Short, smooth glossy coat. Distinct black and tan without dilution.

History The ultimate ratter, the Manchester Terrier is descended from the common Black and Tan Terriers of England. He was bred entirely for the blood sport of ratting, in which a terrier would be pitted against 100 rats and timed to see how quickly he could dispatch them. Breeders worked to improve the dog’s performance, first by adding the Bulldog for its tenacity and ability to work through pain, then adding the Whippet, for its speed and agility. The resulting breed was lean, fast, tenacious and an incredible ratter. Two major events greatly affected the breed in the late 1800s: blood sports and ear cropping, which protected the dogs from rat bites, were banned.

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from champion bloodlines. Puppies to approved homes. Sound temperament, health guaranteed. Stud service to approved bitches. Members of the CKC, MCOA, OKC and CMC. Inquiries welcome. (613) 821-6279; kmastiff@knighterrantmastiffs. com; www.knighterrantmastiffs.com

History The father of many modern dog breeds, the Mastiff originated in ancient Babylonia, where he hunted ferocious prey such as lions. The breed likely came to Europe with Phoenician traders in the 6th century BC. By the time the Roman Empire spread to Britain, the Mastiff was well established as a fierce fighting dog who could hunt wolves, bear and anything else he was set upon. The Mastiff lost his popularity in modern times when dog fighting was forbidden and wolves were vanquished in the U.K. During WWII, any remaining Mastiffs were either used in the war effort or put down, as it was deemed unpatriotic to feed their giant appetites when people were starving in the streets. By 1945, only eight breeding animals remained in Britain, where the breed maintained its purest form. Fortunately, a number of Mastiffs had been exported to North America, and breeders imported fresh breeding stock to rejuvenate the breed. Personality Despite his history as a fighting dog, the Mastiff is docile and levelheaded. He is an exceptional watchdog and protector, and his intimidating size is often enough to scare intruders away. He is gentle with children, but can become overprotective of them. Mastiffs get along well with other dogs and family pets as long as they are socialized at an early age.

MINIATURE AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD - See Rare Breed Directory

MUDI

History Records from 18th century Hungary describe a sheepdog with characteristics typical of a Mudi. Its similarity to other herding breeds such as the Puli, however, makes it difficult to pinpoint the Mudi’s exact origin. Dr. Dezsõ Fényes began breeding the Mudi in the mid-1930s, at which point it had already been recognized as a naturally occurring breed – probably a mix of Hungarian herding dogs and various prick eared German herding dogs. The Mudi’s courage was ideal for herding large and difficult livestock, a role he’s still known for today.

Personality Holding true to his roots, the Mudi is very observant and alert. Boasting an adaptable character, he’s happy being both indoors and outdoors. The Mudi has shorter hair than traditional sheepdogs, making him an easy keeper in indoor environments. He’s keen to work – especially where mental stimulation is involved – and also excels at agility. Though he is thoughtful, he’s rarely Fortunately, the dog show world worked Appearance At least 27-30” (70-76 cm) timid, and makes a very sociable companion to maintain its unique type and namesake 175-200 lb (79-91 kg) for adults and children, as well as other dogs. colour. Toy and standard sizes are available. Moderately short, straight coarse outercoat. Consistent training and regular exercise is Personality Fast, fun, playful and loyal, the Short, dense close-lying undercoat. Fawn, important to his development. Manchester Terrier makes for a spirited apricot, brindle. Appearance 15–19” (38-47 cm) companion. Still a ratter at heart, he loves 17–29 lb (8-13 kg) to “kill” small toys, playing vigorously and Quick Facts Exercise Requirements enjoying games of chase. He is intelligent, Thick, medium-length coat that ranges from Grooming and benefits from consistent training. very wavy to curly. Grey, black, brown, white, yellow or black merle. ON Appearance Standard: 15-16” (38-41 cm) 12-22 lb (5.5-10 kg Knighterrant Reg’d, Dave & Joanne Swift. Quick Facts Toy: 10-12” (25-30 cm) Breeding and showing English Mastiffs of Exercise Requirements under 12 lb (5.5 kg) Grooming distinction since 1988. Huggable guardians

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Photo: Alice Van Kempen

NEWFOUNDLAND

History One of the very few dogs indigenous to North America, the Newfoundland’s exact genealogy is the subject of much debate. Some believe the ancient Tibetan Mastiff migrated to North America; others argue that Leif Anderson brought Viking “bear dogs” with him when he arrived in Newfoundland in 1001. Other possible progenitors of the breed are Portuguese Water Dogs and Great Pyrenees brought to Newfoundland on European fishing vessels in the 1600s. Whatever the answer, fishermen prized the huge waterloving dogs known as Greater St. John’s Dogs. Seemingly immune to icy waters, the Newfoundland’s duties included hauling in nets, dragging boat lines to shore, and rescuing overboard sailors. The Newfoundland is famed for his bravery, but despite the breed’s success, it nearly died out because a law passed in 1780 forbade the ownership of more than one dog. The Newfoundland may not have survived if not for the efforts of the Honourable Harold MacPherson.

CAN YOU GIVE HUMAN MEDICATIONS TO YOUR DOG? P. 46

NORFOLK TERRIER

Appearance Averages 26-28” (66-71 cm) 100-152 lb (45-69 kg)

Norfolk Terrier

Personality A giant goofball, the Newfoundland is perhaps the most gentle of all giant breeds. He adores children, is eventempered, supremely loyal, responsive and willing to be trained. His entire purpose is to serve his people, and he’s a truly honest and hardworking dog that excels in sports such as obedience, water trials, weight pulling, carting and backpacking.

Moderately long, coarse, oily water-resistant outer coat. Soft dense undercoat. Black or white with black markings (also called Landseer after Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, History Like many terriers, the Norfolk who featured the dogs in his paintings). Terrier likely started out as a cross between Quick Facts various breeds such as small Irish Terriers, Exercise Requirements Cairn Terriers and Border Terriers. They Grooming were “ordinary” farm dogs bred to go to ground and take care of vermin, so it took AB time for the breed to acquire its current Prairie Home Newfoundlands Perm. Reg’d, name. Some incarnations include Cantabs, Heidi Ball. Family-raised Newfoundlands. We Thrumpington Terriers, and Jones Terriers breed for gentleness and health from quality (after Frank “Roughrider” Jones sold some champion lines. CKC-registered and well- to the U.S. sporting crowd). In 1904, when socialized blacks. Parents are OFA certified asked what the dogs were really called, (hips/elbows/heart/cystinuria/ patellas and Jones answered “Norwich Terriers”, since thyroid). Puppies to pre-approved homes that was where they came from. only, with ongoing support. This includes vet checked/vaccinations, wormed, microchipped and a well-prepared puppy package. Stud services available. Grooming facility available. Visitors always welcomed! Box 3067, Vermilion, AB T9X 2B1. (306) 946-6630; jhnewfs@sasktel. net; www.prairiehomenewfs.com

ON Ashmoor Perm. Reg’d, Jill Francis. Quality Newfoundlands from Canadian/ American champion bloodlines. Our focus is raising healthy dogs, with sweet gentle temperaments in our home, and always with a holistic approach! Parents have passed all health clearances and are OFA certified for hips, elbows, patellas, heart, eyes, cystinuria and thyroid. All puppies are screened by a certified cardiologist before going to their homes. Visitors welcome by appointment. Member of the CKC, NDCC and NDCA. RR4, Cobourg, ON, K9A 4J7. (905) 3771140; jill@ashmoornewfoundlands.ca; find us on facebook at Ashmoor Newfoundlands QC Élevage Noir & Blanc, Rollande Rainville. Chiots élevés en milieu familial. Parents certifiés OFA : hanches, coudes, coeur, cystinuerie, thyroïde, yeux, patellar. Garantie écrite santé et tempérament. Visiteurs bienvenue. Puppies raised in a family environment. Parents are OFA certified : hips, elbow, heart, cystinuria, eyes, patellar. Health and temperament come with a written warranty. Visitors are welcome. Ste-Eulalie, Qc. (819) 470-8391; dist.jmsjoy@ xplornet.com

At the time, there were two intermingled varieties of Norwich Terrier – prick-eared and fold-eared. Over time, breeders decided to separate the types. They kept the name Norwich Terrier for the prick-eared variety, and renamed the fold-eared dogs Norfolk Terriers. The new names were recognized in 1964. Personality Feisty and energetic, the Norfolk is one of the smallest terriers. Because he was used to hunt in packs, he’s quite social and agreeable. He is a great traveler and loves to spend lots of time with his family. Socialization is important but this should be natural for such a sociable guy. Appearance 9-10” (23-26 cm) 11-12 lb (5-5.5 kg) Straight, wiry close-lying outercoat. Definite undercoat. Mane. Slight whiskers. All shades of red, wheaten, black and tan, grizzle. Folded ears. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Dralion Perm Reg’d, Peter & Linda Dowdle. Quality, healthy, lovingly home-raised puppies from champion bloodlines. Bred for soundness, health and temperament. Occasionally available to approved homes. 474237 County Road 11, Amaranth, ON L9W 0R4. (519) 938-8663; linda@ dralionkennels.com; www.dralionkennels.com

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Iszkiri Reg’d, Lori Pichurski. Competing Showing - Breeding the Mudi in Canada since 1996. The versatile Mudi is a great companion, therapy or sport dog. Our Mudis are part of the family first. We provide an enriched environment for mental and physical growth. We health test our Mudis and do selective breeding to ensure balanced temperament and sound structure. They are registered with the Canadian Kennel Club. Our dogs compete in agility, flyball, obedience, rally O, nose work, herding, dock dogs, freestyle, tricks, lure coursing, barn hunt and conformation/shows. Mudi pronounced “Moody” Bred for Sport – Show – Companion – Therapy. (403) 870-1115; iszkirikennels@gmail. com; www.iszkirimudikennels.weebly.com

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Norrbottenspets

NORRBOTTENSPETS

NORWEGIAN BUHUND

NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND

History Norrbottenspets share ancestry with the Finnish Spitz, originating in the Scandinavian northlands of Sweden, Finland and Lapland. The dogs found in Finland developed into the Finnish Spitz, but those in Sweden were called Norrbottensskollandehund. An excellent hunter, the breed had the unique ability to listen for a bird’s flight, and locate that bird when it landed in the snow. Used as allround hunting and farm dogs, their breeding was purely functional and little effort was made to maintain these dogs as a pure breed.

History An ancient breed that accompanied northern people into Scandanavia, the Norwegian Buhund herded their flocks and safeguarded their homes; in fact, Bu means “homestead” in Norwegian. The dogs conformed to the sturdy Spitz shape, with the characteristic prick ears and curled tail. Although the Buhund was recognized as a distinct type even before the Viking era, the breed was not formally recognized in Norway until 1939.

OVERSCAIG OUTSIDER OF RUTERFEM (Trygg) Summer playtime shot: 4th generation “home-grown + import.” Bred/Owned by Nina & Allen Tait, OVERSCAIG Perm. Reg’d.

As foreign specialist breeds grew in popularity, the Norrbottensskollandehund became less common. Out-crossing diluted the breed until it was declared extinct in 1948. However, interested breeders in Sweden and Finland made an effort to seek good specimens by combing remote northern villages. Eventually, a breeding population was cobbled together and the Norrbottenspets was reinstated around 1970. Their popularity is growing as Sweden and Finland work to support their native breed.

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Personality Never shy, nervous or aggressive, the Norrbottenspets is a friendly and fun-loving companion who is great with children. A hunter at heart, he is happiest when he has the opportunity to use his hunting skills, though he can be taught to enjoy alternate sports such as agility. The Norrbottenspets needs lots of exercise, particularly in a safely fenced area where he can run and hunt to his heart’s content. Appearance 16-18” (42-46 cm) 26-33 lb (12-15 kg) Short, hard close-fitting outercoat. Dense undercoat. Ideally white with yellow or red/brown markings, but all colours are permitted. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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History The national dog of Norway, the Norwegian Elkhound is an ancient breed that hasn’t changed much over the last 5,000 years. A supreme hunter, the Elkhound works to track and quarry his game, holding it at bay until the human hunters arrive to dispatch it. In Norwegian, the breed is called the Elghund, or “Moose” hound. In The Norwegian Buhund’s numbers are fact the Elkhound was used to hunt moose and many other large animals including declining in its native land; however, the wolves, bear and even mountain lions. He breed’s family-friendly qualities are making was also an all-round working dog, pulling it more recognizable around the world. sleds and guarding homes and flocks. Personality The Buhund is a sweet-natured Though just one of many moose and bear canine who wants to please. Like most dogs at the time, the Norwegian Elkhound herding dogs, he is intelligent, and friendly came into his own in 1865 when foundation with children and other dogs. He is alert, but sire Gamle Bamse Gram was born. Considered not noisy. The Buhund adapts to country or ideal for the Gray Elkhound, his build and type became the breed standard in 1887. The city, as long as he gets sufficient mental and Norwegian Elkhound came to North America physical exercise. He has the exceptional in the early 20th century. habit – some would say virtue! – of cleaning Personality Brave and even-tempered, himself like a cat. the Norwegian Elkhound is an all-round companion. He is a good watchdog who Appearance 16-18” (40.5-46 cm) will alert to strangers by barking and 26-40 lb (12-18 kg) quickly discern the difference between Short, harsh outer coat with soft undercoat. friend and foe. With his family, he is kind Wheaten or black, with white markings and affectionate. Like most working dogs, acceptable on the black. the Norwegian Elkhound is happiest when he has a job, be it tracking, pulling sleds, Quick Facts herding or doing agility. Good socialization Exercise Requirements with other dogs is important. Grooming Appearance 19-21” (49-52 cm) 44-55 lb (20-25 kg)

legend Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

Medium-length, coarse smooth-lying outercoat. Soft, dense wooly undercoat. Various shades of grey. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming AB Overscaig Perm. Reg’d, Allen and Nina Tait. Owners/Hobby Breeders since 1974. We carefully plan for 1-2 litters/year. Our breeding program (home-grown + Norwegian Imported lines) maintains the breed’s unique type, soundness and temperament. Our puppies are healthy; home-raised; well-socialized. They all go to “forever” homes with health guarantee

History Lunde is Norwegian for “puffin”. This translation lies at the heart of the Lundehund’s story. These quick, agile dogs originally scoured the Arctic island cliffs off Norway in search of puffins, a colourful bird that feeds in northern oceans and breeds in rock crevices. It took drive and flexibility to navigate those rock caves, and the Norwegian Lundehund was bred for the job. A “canine contortionist”, his head stretches back to reach his spine, his forelegs flex out to 90°, and he has several toes on each foot (polydactyl), some of which are double- and triple-jointed. The Lundehund’s dexterity helped provide their owners with valuable puffin meat and feathers. The breed’s numbers decreased mid-1800, when hunters began using nets to catch the birds. Only a group of devotees kept the courageous little dog from extinction. Currently, the Norwegian Lundehund’s popularity is again on the rise.

Personality Don’t let his size fool you – the Norwich Terrier is pure personality! This tiny dog is intelligent, affectionate, energetic and quick to learn tricks, especially if training is short, fun, and rewarding. The Norwich is also a devoted family companion. As with most working dogs, he does best when given a job — participating in obedience, agility or simply chasing squirrels. You may think he will tire easily, but these dogs can go hours before needing a break. Appearance 10” (25.5 cm) 12 lb (5.5 kg) Straight and wiry outercoat with a thick undercoat. Ruff that frames the face. Prick ears. Shades of red, wheaten, grizzle, black and tan. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG

Old English Sheepdog

History Gregarious and fun-loving, the Norwich Terrier’s ancestors originated in England, where small terrier-type ratting dogs were very popular in the 19th century. First whip to the Norwich Staghounds Frank Jones bought and started breeding a number of these terriers, taking some time to find a true type. He distributed the dogs far and wide, even into America, where they originally became known as Jones Terriers. Until 1964, the Norwich Terrier and the Norfolk Terrier were grouped together as one breed. However, the Norwich Terrier is now recognized as separate based on its prick ears.

- See Retriever (Nova Scotia Duck Tolling)

History Despite his name, the Old English Sheepdog is in fact a relatively new breed. His exact progenitors are unknown, but he was likely a mix of various herding dogs found in England’s West Country. At the time, taxing excluded working dogs so farmers would dock their dogs’ tails, signifying that they were herders or drovers. The Sheepdog earned its common name, the Bobtail, from this practice. Since his thick hairy coat might interfere with his work, farmers would shear him with the sheep so he could see and work more easily. When dog shows came into fashion at the end of the 19th century, the “Shepherd’s Dog”, as he was then known, became a popular entry. Breeders would spend hours trimming and back-combing his huge coat to create the perfect image of the breed. Old English Sheepdogs made their way to North America in the 1880s, and by the turn of the century, five of the ten wealthiest families in the United States owned and bred them.

Personality A natural herder, the Old English Sheepdog continues to practice his herding duties within the home, BC herding and protecting his family by Amblegreen Reg’d, Heather Tomlins. Quality Norwich Terriers from health-tested champion gently bumping them together. He is evenPersonality Lively, fun and friendly, the bloodlines. Puppies and young adults are tempered and kind, patient and loving with Lundehund gets along with children and available occasionally to approved homes by all who treat him with kindness. The Old other dogs. Bred for a demanding job, reservation. We CERF test annually and certify English Sheepdog loves to be outdoors he retains all the traits that made him so hips/patellas/hearts with the Orthopedic and with his heavy coat can tolerate winter successful: courage, tenacity and agility. He Foundation for Animals. References are weather very well. can be stubborn; house-training requires available. Our Norwich are bred for spoiling! Appearance 21-24” (53-61 cm) patience. The Norwegian Lundehund Cowichan Bay, BC (778) 229-7852. heather@ 60-100 lb (27-46 kg) needs a secure space to exercise; however, amblegreen.com; www.amblegreen.com Shaggy, harsh profuse outercoat. Waterproof as dynamic as he is, he is not hyperactive. ON pile undercoat. Any shade of grey, grizzle, blue, Appearance 12-15” (30.5-38 cm) Dralion Perm. Reg’d, Peter & Linda Dowdle. blue merle with or without white markings, or 13-16 lb (6-7 kg) Quality, healthy, lovingly home-raised puppies in reverse. Rough double coat. Extends from red to from champion bloodlines. Bred for soundness, health and temperament. Occasionally available Quick Facts fawn to grey, often with black-tipped hairs. to approved homes. 474237 County Road 11, Exercise Requirements Quick Facts Amaranth, ON L9W 0R4. (519) 938-8663; linda@ Exercise Requirements Grooming dralionkennels.com; www.dralionkennels.com Grooming

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NORWEGIAN LUNDEHUND

NOVA SCOTIA DUCK TOLLING RETRIEVER

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

YT Vigeland Reg’d, Sheila Vig Robertson. Quality CKC Registered Norwegian Elkhounds since 1960. Home raised, happy, healthy puppies available to approved homes. Contact me for more information. (867) 668-3885 or (867) 334-2916 clif@northwestel.net; www. vigelandkennels.ca

NORWICH TERRIER Photo: Alice Van Kempen

and continuing breeder support. (403) 8862649; ninatait@taitoverscaig.com; www. taitoverscaig.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

PARSON RUSSELL TERRIER

History The Otterhound was bred to hunt the otters that were depleting fish in England’s rivers. To appreciate the Otterhound’s aquatic skills, consider that the European otter weighs 20 pounds (9 kg), lives mostly underwater and surfaces only occasionally for air. The otter’s underwater scent trail is called “a drag”, and to follow it, Otterhounds needed to swim for hours. Such a keen nose and staying power support the belief that Bloodhound and Southern Harrier genes found their way into Otterhound DNA.

History The Papillon is a long-standing favourite of royalty, and is depicted in paintings dating back to the 13th century. Likely descended from toy spaniels, these cheerful little dogs earned their name from their unique ears. Pricked ears were named Papillon, after the butterfly, while folded ears were named Phalène, after the night moth. Drop ears prevailed until the late 1800s, when fashions changed and pricked ears were favoured.

Though historically a lap dog, the Papillon is also remarkably agile and trainable. In recent times, the breed’s popularity has Some British royalty (including increased as the dogs excel in obedience, Elizabeth I) even bore the title Master agility, tracking, and as hearing ear or of Otterhounds – quite a testament to therapy dogs. the breed’s significance. But in time, the Personality Bubbly and full of life, the otter population dropped so dramatically Papillon is a social dog who loves to get that the species fell under protection, and out and about. Early socialization helps hunting was banned. The Otterhound him stay confident with new situations and was then out of a job. The owners of two strangers. With his high energy levels and solitary packs committed themselves to intelligence, the Papillon is happiest when keeping the breed alive, and established he has things to do, and is an excellent the Otterhound as a show dog. choice for obedience or agility. He is a In North America, the Otterhound quick learner, and loves to try new things. has hunted game, but today’s breed fanciers remain more enamoured with the Otterhound’s looks, voice and temperament. Personality Friendly, even-tempered and exuberant, the Otterhound loves to play in water – especially if people are included in the fun. He has a distinct baying voice, but is not a barker. He is intelligent, but his attention span can be short. Scent-driven, the Otterhound does best in a secure country setting.

PUREBRED

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

PAPILLON

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Otterhound

OTTERHOUND

Appearance 23-27” (58-69 cm) 65-115 lb (29-52 kg) Rough outer coat, woolly water-resistant undercoat. “Grizzle” or sandy colour with black and tan. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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History Originally bred by Parson John “Jack” Russell in the late 1800s, the Parson Russell Terrier was a hunting terrier designed to follow horses and hounds during fox hunts. His great stamina ensured he could keep up with the horses. He was able to spook a fox from his den by following him in and baying at and worrying him without killing him. When the fox bolted, the hunters could continue the chase. A lot of people could not afford to hunt with horses, so many terriers were trained to dig into the dens of prey, attacking and killing them. More aggressive than Parson Russell Terriers, these little dogs were often called Jack Russell Terriers, even though they didn’t meet the standards Russell first aimed to produce. In 1904, Arthur Heinemann attempted to purify the breed. He wrote up a breed standard based on Russell’s original taller terrier, and this became known the Parson Russell Terrier in 2003.

Personality Always up for a challenge, the Parson Russell Terrier is a vibrant and fearless fellow. He is lively and engaged in Appearance 8-11” (20-28 cm) family activities, and loves to be the centre of Under 5.5-11 lb (2.5-4.5 kg) attention. This smart and energetic dog loves Long, straight, fine flowing coat. Chest the outdoors and does well with training such frill. Feathering, particularly on ears. Parti- as obedience or agility. Early socialization is colour or tricolour with patches of any important to help develop his manners and colour on white. social skills. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Bluechip Perm. Reg’d, Olga Gagne. Breeding for health, temperament and correct breed characteristics. Bluechip Papillons are loving companions, intelligent top notch performance dogs, and beautiful conformation champions. Parents are health tested. Puppies are wormed, microchipped, vaccinated, and health guaranteed. They are ready to become happy members of your family! Breeding since 1997. (905) 262-4682; bluechip149@sympatico.ca; www.bluechippapillons.com

Appearance 10-15” (25-33 cm) 13-17 lb (6-7.5 kg) Smooth and broken coats acceptable. Harsh, dense close outercoat. Short dense undercoat. May also be wiry. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

TAKE A LOOK AT 10 DIFFERENT WAYS YOUR DOG SAYS “I LOVE YOU!” P. 24

History As the “Lion Dog”, a fierce protector against evil spirits, the Pekingese belonged exclusively to the Chinese Imperial Court. “Foo Dog” idols representing the breed existed as early as the Tang Dynasty of the 8th century. Highly popular with the nobility, thousands of these little dogs lived in Imperial palaces; 4,000 eunuchs were housed in Peking solely for the purpose of managing their breeding. No one outside the nobility was permitted to own one, on pain of death. In 1860, the British invaded Peking. Fearing capture of their precious dogs, the Imperial family ordered them to be destroyed. When one lady committed suicide, however, her five “sleeve dogs” remained behind, fiercely defending their fallen owner. Soldiers caught the little dogs and brought them back to England where Queen Victoria received one as a gift. As the conquest continued, soldiers found other Pekingese and brought them to England, forming the foundation of the breed we know today.

History The Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen is one of four types of scent hound founded around the 1st century in the French region of Vendéen. The types are separated by size: Grand Griffon, Briquette Griffon, Grand Basset Griffon, and Petit Basset Griffon. The Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen, named for its characteristic “small, low, rough” appearance, was bred to hunt in packs, trailing small game such as rabbit, hare and the occasional fox. Originally, both small and large Basset Griffons could be found in the same litter. In 1950, however, the Petit Basset Griffon received separate breed status, and by 1975 the interbreeding of the two sizes was forbidden. The PBGV came to North America in the 1970s and has since gained popularity worldwide.

PHARAOH HOUND

Pharaoh Hound

PETIT BASSET GRIFFON VENDÉEN

History One of the most ancient of domesticated dogs, the Pharaoh Hound originated in Egypt. Phoenician traders brought the breed to Malta in exchange for goods, and there the breed continued unadulterated for more than 2,000 years. A sight and scent hound, the dog hunted fowl, hare and rabbit and was known in his native land as the Kelb tal-Fenek (Maltese Rabbit Dog). When the breed arrived in the UK in the 1920s, fans thought these exceptionally elegant dogs resembled the Egyptian dog-god, Anubis, so they were renamed Pharaoh Hounds. Arriving in North America in 1967, the first Pharaoh Hound litter on this side of the Atlantic was born in 1970. The breed’s distinctive colouring, and the fact that it remains odourless, is renewing interest.

Personality The Pharaoh hound is goodhumoured and affectionate, especially with children. He is an intelligent dog Personality Bred to be a pack hunter, the who is easy to train. True to his ancestry, PBGV is a friendly dog who gets along with the active Pharaoh Hound loves the his pack, whether human or canine. He is Personality Always the pampered dog especially good with children. Happy and excitement of agility and lure coursing, of royalty, the Pekingese was born to be a enthusiastic about life, he loves to follow his but when he is not hunting, he is a calm comforting companion. Confident and nose. Time outdoors in a safely fenced area and attuned member of the family. A safe, secured area will allow the Pharaoh charming, he bonds strongly with his is important. Hound to exercise and indulge his person and can become protective and playful side. jealous. Careful socialization at a young Appearance 13-15” (33-38 cm) Under 45 lb (20.5 kg) age helps him gain the confidence so Appearance 21-25” (53.5-63.5 cm) characteristic of the breed. Because of Long rough outercoat. Thick undercoat. 45-55 lb (20.5-25 kg) his short muzzle, he can’t handle a lot of Beard and moustache. White with any Short, glossy, rich tan colour coat with exercise, though short walks are essential combination of lemon, orange, tricolour, white markings. Eyes, eye rims, nose and lip to keep him fit and healthy. grizzle, black or sable. colour blend with coat colour. Nose and ears Appearance 6-9” (15-23 cm) Quick Facts “blush” when excited. under 14 lb (6.5 kg) Exercise Requirements Long, straight, coarse stand-off outercoat. Grooming Quick Facts Thick soft undercoat. Mane. Some Exercise Requirements feathering. All colours and markings. May Grooming have black mask. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

HAVE YOU HEARD OF THE TERM “COMPASSIONATE DOG GROOMING”? VISIT P. 36 TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THIS ALTERNATIVE SALON APPROACH! CanadianDOGS.com

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Pointer (German Long-Haired)

PUREBRED

POINTER (GERMAN LONG-HAIRED)

POINTER (GERMAN SHORT-HAIRED)

breed to our kennel as well. Puppies are Canadian Kennel Club registered, 1st set of shots, dew claws done, de-wormed, microchipped, some crate conditioning, very well socialized, a health guarantee, and 6 weeks pet insurance. We offer ongoing support to assist you in raising a well-mannered puppy which will become a well-mannered adult dog. We offer LIFETIME return policy and LIFETIME support for you and your new family member. Princeton, BC; whiterobinkennels@outlook. com; www.whiterobin-kennels.com

POINTER (GERMAN WIRE-HAIRED) History When game hunting was opened to the general populace in the 1800s, people wanted an all-round hunting dog that could take on any prey. Prince Albrecht zu Solmes-Braunfels combined several successful breeds such as the German Bird Dog, Spanish Pointer and English Pointer. He selected for function and hunting ability rather than breed type and appearance – a deleterious practice. The result was an intelligent hunting dog who would willingly The breed made its way to North America work in water, retrieve and track. Popular in the 1950s, but their numbers remained with hunters worldwide, the German Short- History While several types of gundogs low as Germany applied limits on who could haired Pointer spread to North America in existed in late 19th century Germany, import these dogs. Today, many North the early 1900s. hunters wanted an even more rugged breed. American breeders also prefer to keep the Personality Enthusiastic and full of energy, It’s believed they crossed the German Shortbreed in the hands of those who ensure the the German Short-haired Pointer is an haired Pointer with either the Airedale, the German Long-haired Pointer receives the intelligent dog and a joy to train. He loves to Poodle, or the Griffon, and the result was outdoor activity to which he is accustomed. work, whether by hunting, doing obedience, a sort of all-terrain canine who could track playing flyball or running agility courses. all kinds of game. The German Wire-haired Personality Strong and possessing lots of Always up for a run, he needs opportunities Pointer is more rugged than his short-haired stamina, the German Long-haired Pointer to get out and exercise his hunting instincts. cousin; he has a weather-resistant coat, and thrives in an environment where his mind He loves his family, and is good with rates high in courage and stamina. and body are stimulated by new challenges. children. The German Wire-haired Pointer came to He loves to run and swim. As well as being Appearance 2 1-26” (53-66 cm) North America in the 1920s, but was not a superb athlete, he is a good-natured, calm 45-70 lb (20-32 kg) registered until much later. In its native and steady dog. Short, rough hard outercoat. Dense short Germany, the “Drahthaar” breed club Appearance 23-27.5” (58-70 cm) undercoat. Solid liver or black, liver or black demands breeders meet conformation and 66 lb (29.9 kg) and white spotted and/or ticked, liver or performance tests, which accounts for some variation between the European and the Slightly wavy, weather-resistant coat. Solid black roan. May have tan markings. North American types. liver colour, liver with white markings, or Quick Facts white with liver markings. Personality Energetic and eager to please, Exercise Requirements the German Wire-Haired Pointer makes Grooming Quick Facts a sound, affectionate companion in the Exercise Requirements country or the city – as long as he gets plenty AB Grooming Pointer Crazy Pointers, GSP Puppies raised in of work out-of-doors. He is more introverted our family home with their own mom and dad than his cousin, the German Short-haired as our pets. Making Happy, Confident, Alert Pointer, so ongoing socialization will keep and Well Socialized Puppies! First Shots. Vet him confident in a gathering. History A rare breed in North America, the German Long-haired Pointer has long been a favourite sporting dog in its native country. Originally a hunter of big game – some say as early as medieval times – it later moved to farm and field. When the heavier version of the dog was crossed with English Setters and French Spaniels, German clubs registered standards for this more agile Long-haired Pointer. This classification dates to 1879.

DOES YOUR DOG LOVE TO SWIM? BE SURE TO KEEP THESE WATER SAFETY TIPS IN MIND! P. 50

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Checked. Very Versatile. Life Time Support. Like us on Facebook! Call or Text (403) 302-2667; www.Facebook.com/PointerCrazyPointers; www.PointerCrazy.com/ BC Whiterobin Kennels, Cynthia White. In 2008 we fell in love with a new breed, German Short-haired Pointers, which compliment our Labradors so decided to add this wonderful

Appearance 22-26” (55.8-66 cm) 45-75 lb (20.5-34 kg) Wiry coat of solid liver, liver roan, or liver and white. Bushy eyebrows, beard and whiskers bestow character. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History The smallest Spitz-type breed, the German Zwergspitz, or Pomeranian as we know him, wasn’t always tiny. In the 18th century, the Pomeranian weighed around 30 lb. When Queen Victoria took an interest in the breed, however, she preferred smaller specimens, so breeders soon produced dogs weighing closer to 12 lb. Other famous Pomeranian owners include Marie Antoinette and Amadeus Mozart. Modern breeders have reduced the average size of the breed to around 5 lb. The Pomeranian remains a highly popular toy breed, well loved for his foxy face and fluffy coat.

Personality A true feisty Spitz in temperament, the Pomeranian is an alert intelligent dog who believes he is as large Personality Loyal and devoted to his family, as his ancestors were. A natural watchdog, the PON is a herding dog at heart. He he is suspicious of strangers and will let you protects and cares for his “flock”, and can be know if he believes something is not quite pushy if not well trained and socialized. His right. The Pomeranian wants to be involved calm nature and easy intelligence make him in all aspects of life, though is not clingy. pleasant to be around. He likes to work and His intelligence and willingness to please benefits from activities such as obedience, make him easy to train. Pomeranians love to learn tricks and do well in obedience, rally, flyball and agility. rally and agility. Appearance 16-20” (40-51 cm) 35-50 lb (16-23 kg) Appearance 7-12” (18-30 cm) 3-7 lb (1.5-3 kg) Long, shaggy thick outercoat. Soft dense undercoat. Long hair over eyes. All colours Long, straight harsh outercoat. Soft, fluffy thick undercoat. Neck ruff. All colours, and patches acceptable. patterns, variations. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

legend Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

Chocolates are our specialty. All colours available. Baylee is a chocolate male. Bred/ Owned by Maria Almeida, Calvary Kennels.

History To the surprise of some, poodles are actually working water dogs. The name comes from the German term “pudel”, which refers to his love of splashing and playing in water. In France, the breed is known as “Caniche”, a combination of the words “chien” for dog and “canard” for duck. A Poodle’s clip allowed him greater freedom of movement in the water, yet kept vulnerable regions warm and protected. A long tradition of artists have enjoyed creating ever more flamboyant clip designs. Today, Poodles are still a favourite of grooming competitions because their ever moldable coats support incredible coiffures, often with bright colours. There are four sizes of Poodle: Standard, Medium, Miniature and Toy. The Miniature is very popular, large enough to remain sturdy while fitting into most homes, yet small enough to be picked up and be a lap dog. Personality One of the most intelligent breeds, the Miniature Poodle is a lively fellow who enjoys having something to do. He can be a bit shy and sensitive, and requires good socialization to bring out his confidence and cheerful nature. Excellent trick dogs, Miniature Poodles are great fun to train, and this helps keep their minds occupied. Appearance 10-15” (25-38 cm) 15-20 lb (7-9 kg) Curly coat has naturally harsh texture, dense throughout. Corded coat hangs in tight, even cords of varying lengths. Any solid colour.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

AB Rangelandz Reg’d, Martina Melnyk. (780) 938-2020; rangelandz@hotmail.com; www.rangelandz.com

NB Calvary Kennel Reg’d, Our puppies are home raised with children. We have miniature and toy sizes to choose from in various colours. From champion lines. Shipping and delivery available. – Moncton, NB. (506) 785-6600; calvarykennel@ gmail.com; www.calvarykennels.webs.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

“Dogs do speak, but only to those who know how to listen.” – Orhan Pamuk

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History Dating to the 16th century, the Polish Lowland Sheepdog, or Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON), is descended from the Hungarian Puli. He is likely the link between the corded breeds and longcoated herding dogs of Eastern Europe such as the Scottish Bearded Collie. An excellent herder, the PON was also a guard and watchdog. Like many breeds, the PON nearly died off during the Second World War. These dogs were preserved thanks to Dr. Danuta Hryniewicz and her dog Smok, who sired ten litters in the 1950s. All modern Polish Lowland Sheepdogs descend from Smok, whose type became the breed standard in 1959. The PON only gained recognition in North America during the last decade.

Poodle (Miniature)

POODLE (MINIATURE)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

POLISH LOWLAND SHEEPDOG POMERANIAN

Poodle (Standard)

POODLE (STANDARD)

785-6600; calvarykennel@gmail.com; www. calvarykennels.webs.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

PORTUGUESE SHEEPDOG

POODLE (TOY) This is MacBeth, he is Canadian Grand/Champion American Grand Champion WinterGarden Toil & Trouble CGC, affectionately known as Mac. Bred, owned and loved by Mary-Jo and Marty Winters. WinterGarden Poodles, www.wintergardenpoodles.com. Quality poodles for pets and possible show prospects.

History Though sometimes called the “French Poodle”, this breed does not come from France but instead has its roots in Germany. A water dog, the poodle hunts and retrieves fowl from swamps and lakes. The distinct poodle clip keeps the dog warm while working in cold waters, without slowing him down as he swims. Poodles have many claims to fame, not the least of which is their intelligence and highly trainable nature. The Standard Poodle is the largest. He is highly versatile and has been used for many purposes, including as a guide dog, hearing ear dog, seizure detector, cancer detector, mobility assistant and therapy dog. Poodles also succeed at herding, hunting, pulling sleds, obedience, agility and pretty much anything else they are asked to do. Personality A proud intelligent dog, the Standard Poodle is an exceptionally versatile companion. He is good with children and other animals, with an affectionate nature and desire to please. Happy outdoors or in, he enjoys both mental exercise while training and doing tricks, and good oldfashioned runs outside. Appearance Over 15” (38 cm) 45-70 lb (20-32 kg) Curly coat has naturally harsh texture, dense throughout. Corded coat hangs in tight, even cords of varying lengths. Any solid colour. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

PUREBRED

BC WinterGarden Reg’d, MJ Winters. We are a small home based “kennel”. We breed sparingly, puppies are whelped and brought up in our kitchen and beautiful backyard. Puppies are loved and handled from birth. Parents are health tested and are champions, most often in both Canada and the US. Kamloops, BC (250) 579-8841; winterbarry@gmail.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

AB Seransil Standard Poodles Perm. Reg’d. Breeder of CKC registered standard poodles out of health screened championship stock specializing in silvers, whites/creams, & silver/ beige. Our poodles serve as companion dogs, show dogs, performance & service dogs. Our puppies are health guaranteed. Puppies and stud services available. (403) 381-6890; evelynsera2@gmail.com; www. seransilpoodles.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

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History The Portuguese Sheepdog was born to herd, and the breed’s driving instinct and long coat served it well in harsh climates. Of uncertain origin, it’s possible the Portuguese Sheepdog descended from a pair of Briards in the early 1900s. Then Toy Apricot Poodle Bred/Owned by Maria Almeida, again, it resembles both the Pyrenees Calvary Kennels. All colours available. from France and the Catalan Sheepdog History The Toy Poodle is the smallest, from Spain. When the breed’s popularity and was created from the Standard Poodle faded in the 1970s, groups of breeders by breeding for small size. Originally and owners connected in an effort to waterdogs, Poodles are now prized for repopulate the breed. They began selecting their versatility. Many performing artists for traits that made the dog more suitable in circuses preferred poodles over other as a pet, such as devotion to family. It’s breeds. Highly intelligent, the dogs could widely acknowledged that a combination be trained to do any trick, and worked well of these new traits, combined with an agein combinations using all their different old eagerness to work, kept the breed from sizes and types. Circuses are turning away disappearing altogether. from the use of animals, but Poodles remain popular as entertainers. Toy Poodles are Personality A quick and lively outdoor particularly popular due to their tiny size. worker, the Portuguese Sheepdog is a Personality A lapdog in size, the Toy good companion for a knowledgeable Poodle is an intelligent dog who loves to owner who can appreciate and channel his perform tricks for his people. He needs strong driving instinct. Though he can be to be mentally stimulated to keep him wary of strangers, he is very faithful to his happy, and good training and socialization family and often takes it upon himself to help moderate his sensitive nature. Like protect them. This breed is also extremely many toy breeds, he is cautious around eager to learn, and has the energy and young children, who tend to be loud and smarts required to become a well-trained boisterous. The Toy Poodle loves to be with companion for work, sport and play. his people. Appearance 16.5-22” (42-55 cm) Appearance Under 10” (25 cm) 26-40 lb (12-18 kg) 4-8 lb (2-3.5 kg) Curly coat has naturally harsh texture, dense throughout. Corded coat hangs in tight, even cords of varying lengths. Any solid colour. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming NB Calvary Kennel Reg’d, Our puppies are home raised with children. We have miniature and toy sizes to choose from in various colours. From champion lines. Shipping and delivery available. – Moncton, NB. (506)

A tousled coat of yellow, fawn, chestnut and grey – from light to dark. Scant white on chest.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

In the 1930s, a wealthy Portuguese shipping magnate took an interest in the breed and began efforts to save it from extinction. A mere 35 dogs were brought to North America in the 1960s, where dedicated breeders continued the effort to revive the Portuguese Water Dog.

QC MacDuff Portuguese Water Dog Reg’d, Glenda Newton. Member of the CKC since 1986, breeding PWDs since 1996. Inquiries are always welcome. Hudson, QC (450) 458-2111; newton. glenda@gmail.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

Puli

Short, smooth fine coat. Fawn, black, silver, apricot. Black mask. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON PugPaws Reg’d, Marigo Schwerdtfeger. Breeding for temperament and health. Quality home-raised puppies, fully guaranteed. Limited litters. Shipping across Canada. Haley Station, ON. marigo@bell.net; www.pugpaws.com

PULI

PUG

Personality A fearless, lively and dedicated service dog, the Portuguese Water Dog loves his family and will do anything to keep them happy. Although easily trained, he likes to think for himself and can get distracted if he doesn’t know what is expected of him. The Portuguese Water Dog loves to work, and History Originating in China alongside the needs to have a job. He excels at obedience, Pekingese, the Pug was always a companion agility, water sports and any other sport his dog, and was reserved for the Imperial owner might want to try. family and their friends. As the Dutch East Appearance 16-23” (42-59 cm) India Company made its way across the 35-60 lb (16-27 kg) world, they were able to obtain some Pugs Curly coat: compact, cylindrical curls, little and bring them back to Holland. There the shine. Wavy coat: falls gently in waves, slight Prince of Orange claimed them as the sheen. Black, white, brown or combinations official breed of the House of Orange after a of black or brown with white. Pug saved his life from Spaniards in 1572. Quick Facts Later, when the Prince’s grandson William Exercise Requirements III took the English throne, he brought Grooming several Pugs with him. Later Royals to keep Pugs included Queen Victoria, the Duke ON Acostar Reg’d, Lesley Miller. We breed quality and Duchess of Windsor, and Napoleon’s PWDs for temperament, type, and health and wife, Josephine. raise them in our home surrounded by family. All breeding dogs are CKC Champions with PRA, EOPRA, GM-1, IC-13, JDCM, and OFA hips, elbows, and eye clearances. All pups are health checked and guaranteed, vaccinated and microchipped before going home. (613) 469-0303; lesley@acostarpwds.com; www. acostarpwds.com

Appearance 10-14” (25-36 cm) 14-18 lb (6.5-8 kg)

History The Puli immigrated to Hungary in the early 9th century with the Magyars and their flocks of sheep. The early dogs varied widely in type and are the progenitors of the Puli, Komodor, Kuvasz and Tibetan Terrier. Pulis are the ultimate sheepherding dog. Darker-coated dogs guarded flocks during the day, while lighter-coated dogs guarded at night. The dogs were so valuable that a shepherd might save a year’s wages just to purchase one. Their unique technique of jumping on the backs of sheep made them an unusual and effective flock manager.

Interbreeding and wars decimated the purebred Puli until 1912, when Emil Raitsits recognized the dog’s value. In 1915, he wrote up a breed standard and worked to reconstruct the Puli, specifically by preserving its size, colour and coat. While there were originally four sizes of Puli, the middle-sized dog was most Pugs came to North America in the mid versatile and became the true breed type. 1800s and it’s now one of the most popular and recognized breeds in the world. Personality Like many guardian breeds, the Personality The Pug is a small dog full Puli is an excellent watchdog and guardian. of character. He is even-tempered, clever He is cautious with strangers, and takes time to develop trust. But he is affectionate and Puli continued on page 124.

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PUREBRED

History An old breed, the Portuguese Water Dog, or Cão de Agua, helped drive fish into fishermen’s nets. He was an essential member of the Portuguese crew. He served the vessels by retrieving things from the water, sometimes even diving for them, and delivering messages from the ship. By the early 1900s, technology made the Portuguese Water Dog’s role redundant, and the breed fell by the wayside.

Ricelake Portuguese Water Dogs, Cathy Gonzalez. Our dogs are bred to CKC standard as well as for their great temperaments and intelligence but most importantly for health. All our dogs live with us in our home and all puppies are born & raised in the house. Every Porti puppy is fully guaranteed. All our breeding dogs have been tested for GMI, IC, JDCM, PRA & Hips. All puppies leave with full 2-year guarantee & lifetime breeder support. We are located in the Northumberland Hills approximately 1.5hr drive east from Toronto. Please visit our website to learn more about us and our dogs. (705) 924-2509; c_reg_4@hotmail.com; www. portuguesewaterdogsatricelake.com

and curious, and attracts attention with his unique appearance and pleasant personality. Friendly and good with people of all ages, he is affectionate and enjoys a good cuddle. He can’t work too hard due to a shortened nose that can give him breathing problems. However, it is still important to get him out and about to prevent obesity.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Gr. CH. Canada and United States. CH. Mexico, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Great Britain, Portugal – Hi Seas Dr. Romeo MacDuff, in European trim. 2017 Crufts BoB, #4 Working Group. Bred by Katie de Bettencourt, Mary Barbara and Michael Alexander. Owned by L. Glenda Newton, MacDuff Reg’d.

Ondulado Perm. Reg’d, Cathie & Steve Sockett. Since 1990. Breeding for temperament, type, and trainability. All breeding stock health tested. Well-socialized, home-raised puppies occasionally. Health guarantee. Severn, ON. (705) 329-1482; cathie@ondulado.ca; www. ondulado.ca

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

PORTUGUESE WATER DOG

are proud to be Canada’s winningest Puli breeders. Puppies are occasionally available for showing, performance events, and as lively, loving companions. Older dogs are sometimes available. All breeding stock health checked. Delighted to offer advice and information from over 50 years’ experience with the breed. 14924 Hwy 6, Wallace Ridge, NS B0K 1E0. (902) 257-1143; stephanie@immerzupuli.com; www. immerzupuli.com

PUREBRED

PUMI

History The Pumi gets its origins from the Puli, an ancient sheepherding breed brought to Hungary by the Magyars about a thousand years ago. During the 17th and 18th centuries, foreign herder and terrier breeds were mixed with the Puli, and the result was the smaller more agile dog we know today as the Pumi. The Pumi was an ideal farm dog; he herded sheep, cattle, and pigs, and also hunted small rodents to keep farms free of vermin. In the early 20th century, Dr. Emil Raitsis recognized the separate characteristics of the two Hungarian sheepdogs, which began the selective breeding process of enhancing the breed-specific traits of the Pumi. In the early 1900s the Pumi was officially identified as its own distinct breed. 124

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is difficult to quell, so early leash training and supervision around housecats is a must for this hunting breed. With daily outdoor exercise, he’ll settle calmly indoors and will develop a strong bond with his humans regardless of their age. Appearance Miniature 1 0-13” (25-33 cm) 6-8 lb (3-3.5 kg

Standard 14-18” (35-46 cm) 12-35 lb (5.5-16 kg)

Short, smooth, flat-lying coat. Pied patterning (large patches of one or more colours in combination with white) which may include black, or chocolate, red, apricot, blue, fawn, tan or lemon. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

RETRIEVER (CHESAPEAKE BAY)

RAT TERRIER

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Pumi

Personality The Pumi is always very playful, and his whimsical expressions and quirky antics can make him a very amusing Puli companion. With the alertness of the terriers and the intelligence of the herding breeds, devoted to those he calls his own. A working the Pumi is highly trainable and a fantastic dog, the Puli likes to be kept occupied, and show dog. Known for his ability to excel at responds well to training. Early socialization a variety of sports, as well as freestyle canine with a variety of people and places will be a plus. dancing, his energy makes him a great Appearance 14-18” (37-46 cm) companion for people who enjoy an active 22-33 lb (10-15 kg) lifestyle. Socialization is important because Weather-resistant coat with long, wavy or he can be somewhat shy with strangers. curly coarse outercoat. Fine, soft dense Appearance 15-18.5 in (38-47 cm) undercoat. Mature coat naturally forms 17-33 lbs (7.5-15 kg) cords. Solid black, rusty black, all shades of Various colours, including grey, black, grey, white, apricot. white, rusty brown, and fawn with mask. Soft Quick Facts undercoat with strong, curly outercoat that Exercise Requirements forms tufts. Grooming Quick Facts Exercise Requirements NS Immerzu Perm. Reg’d, Terry & Stephanie Horan. We Grooming: Smooth

History Maryland’s Chesapeake Bay thrived on huge flocks of waterfowl native to the region. Taking hundreds of birds at a time, they needed dogs that could work for hours in the frigid waters, retrieving birds and bringing them to shore. In 1807, a ship carrying two Newfoundland-type dogs sank near the Maryland shore. The two dogs, named Canton and Sailor, were bred to local dogs including other types of retriever, water spaniels and otter hounds. The resulting dogs were long-footed with short waterresistant coats, and could tolerate cold water without becoming chilled. The Chesapeake Bay Retriever remains a prized water bird hunter, and they are also excellent search and rescue dogs, trackers, guide dogs and sled dogs. Current breeders focus on keeping the working traits that make the Chesapeake Bay Retriever so valuable, and promote their dogs both in the show ring and the field.

History Aptly named by Teddy Roosevelt, the Rat Terrier was bred from a variety of different terrier breeds – and later, Beagles, Whippets and Italian Greyhounds – to kill rats. He became highly valued in the 1910s and 1920s when jackrabbits were killing crops across the Midwest, and earned his keep as a quick-moving exterminator with a keen nose. A fast learner, the Rat Terrier was soon given other jobs, including watchdog, henhouse guardian, and “playmate” for children. Breeding with Beagles gave this feisty dog more of a pack mentality and helped develop the calmer disposition that makes him so popular today. Throughout the mid- to late-1900s, the Rat Terrier became well-known for his versatility – tough but elegant, focused but playful, and extremely adaptable – and was accepted as a registered member of the Canadian Kennel Personality The Chesapeake Bay Retriever Club in 2021. is a tough, tenacious and strong-minded Personality The Rat Terrier is an energetic dog. He is a working dog that needs a job breed that responds well to training. to keep happy. When not working, he is an Though he tends to be reserved around new affectionate and family-friendly companion people, he warms up quickly and displays that is easy to care for. While content great devotion and obedience to those he indoors, he loves to be outside and of course knows and trusts. His strong prey drive adores swimming.

Appearance 23-27” (58-69 cm) 65-80 lb (29.5-36.5 kg)

Short, hard, oily water-resistant outercoat. Wooly, dense fine undercoat. Any shade of brown, sedge (red-gold) or deadgrass (straw to bracken). White markings acceptable.

Distinguished from other Retrievers by its uniquely textured, curly coat. Coat is water resistant and requires only occasional bathing and towelling after getting wet. Coat colour can be black or liver.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

RETRIEVER (CURLY-COATED)

History The Curly Coated Retriever is one of the oldest Retriever breeds. Known fondly as “the Curly” for his thick mass of tight curls, his ancestry is a bit unsure, though experts believe his background includes the St. John’s Newfoundland, the Old English Water Spaniel and the Poodle. The Curly gained popularity when hunters needed a working companion to find and retrieve the birds in the field, regardless of the conditions. He’s still recognized as an excellent gun and hunting dog, and is exceedingly popular in Australia and New Zealand.

RETRIEVER (FLAT-COATED)

GCh. Makani’s Norwegian Wood, pictured winning a Group 4th and one of four BB in a weekend to complete her GCh. She is a culmination of six

generations of Makani goldens and top producing US dogs. Puppies from her two Covid litters are already

making their mark in the show ring. Bred/Owned by Betsey Ryan, Makani Meadows Reg’d

History In the mid to late 1800s, S.E. Shirley produced a close-working gun dog he called the Flat-Coated Retriever. Crossed from a variety of breeds such as Newfoundland, Labrador, Setter, Water Spaniel and Collie, the Flat-Coated Retriever became a popular show and working breed at the turn of the century. Later interest in Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers saw a decline in the breed, and many remaining dogs did not survive the two World Wars.

History In the mid 1800s, the English preferred black Retrievers, but Sir Dudley Majoribanks decided to develop a goldencoloured Wavy-Coated Retriever. He purchased a yellow Flat-Coated Retriever and bred it to the Tweed Water Spaniel, a now-extinct, curly-coated light-coloured breed. The resulting dogs were then crossed to other light-coloured breeds such as Yellow Labradors, Red Setters and other Wavy-Coated Retrievers. In time, the Stanley O’Neill revived the breed in the “Golden Flat Coat” type was established, 1960s. Today, the Flat-Coated Retriever and in 1920 renamed the Golden Retriever. remains uncommon, though he is recognized as an effective sporting dog. Golden Retrievers came to North America Efforts to maintain both type and working in the 1920s and immediately gained a traits allowed the breed to remain consistent following. Golden Retrievers are one of the world’s most popular breeds, and through working and showing lines. frequently used as service dogs because of Personality Sometimes referred to as the their kind and intelligent personalities. Peter Pan of the dog world, the Flat-Coated Retriever has a puppy-like personality he Personality Known worldwide for his maintains throughout his life. He is a keen easy-going nature, the Golden Retriever and intelligent hunter who loves children is said to be born wanting to please. He is and bonds closely to his family, preferring to an intelligent dog and one of the easiest be around them as much as possible. The to train. Energetic, but not excitable, the Flat-Coated Retriever is quick to learn and Golden enjoys a good run and some games. does very well in sports such as agility, flyball He is wonderful with children of all ages, and pets of all sizes. or obedience. Appearance 20-24” (51-61 cm) Appearance 22-25” (56-62 cm) 55-75 lb (25-34 kg) 60-80 lb (27-37 kg)

Personality Gentle and even-tempered, the Curly is also loyal and protective of his family. While he can be a bit reserved with strangers, his playful side peeks out with people he knows and loves. Known for his good manners, the Curly is also hard-working and intelligent, and makes a wonderful companion for outdoor- Moderate length coat, straight or minded families, particularly those who slightly wavy, flat-lying, weather resistant. like to swim! Training sessions for these Feathering. Black or liver colour. quick-minded dogs tend to work better if they’re kept short and interesting.

Straight or wavy, firm, dense water-resistant outercoat. Good undercoat. Neck ruff. Various shades of gold and cream. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Retriever (Golden) continued on page 126.

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ON Conroy Reg’d Kennel, Rita Jones. Working bloodlines bred for temperaments, retrieving ability, Conformation (structure) and excellent work ethics. Breeding stock all have certified health clearances for DM, IEC, Hips, Elbows, and eyes. Puppies come with a written guarantee. Puppies available occasionally. Forty-five years of breeding and competing in Retrieving, Obedience, and Conformation with my dogs. Woodville, ON (705) 439-2747; deadgrass@sympatico.ca

RETRIEVER (GOLDEN)

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Retriever (Golden)

Appearance 21-26” (53-66 cm) 55-80 lb (25-37 kg)

ON Bellbrooke Labradors Reg’d, Christine Handley. CKC registered Labradors. All puppies are registered, veterinary inspected, vaccinated & microchipped. Written health guarantee. Raised in our smoke-free home, socialized with our other dogs. Four generation pedigree. Excellent field and champions in bloodlines. Healthy, energetic pups. Highly motivated, and very trainable. CKC member breeder with over 35 years experience, adhering to the CKC Member Code of Ethics & the CKC Breeder Code of Practice. Reservations accepted in advance to approved homes and confirmed by deposit only. Serious enquiries are invited. (705) 738-6716; bellbrooke@hotmail.com; www.bellbrookelabs.com Blackpool Perm. Reg’d, Darryl Tuominen. We breed for temperament, health, and longevity. We clear parents for hips, elbows, eyes, heart, DNA test all our dogs for PRA 1 and 2, plus PRDC PRA, skin disorder Ichthyosis DM. Our home raised puppies to come with a three year guarantee and 6 weeks of pet insurance plus lifetime support. Our Callie was number one Golden in Ontario, 2017 and second in Canada. We offer Champion and Grand Champion stud service. Visit our site for more information. www.blackpoolkennels.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.) Bonnieview Kennel Reg’d, Lorraine Bain. RR 4 Mount Forest, ON. (519) 323-6071; dlbain@ bonnieviewkennels.ca; www.bonnieviewkennels.ca Makani Meadows Reg’d, Betsey Ryan. Breeding Goldens with a purpose for show and obedience but above all loving family companions. Thirty-five minutes north of Pearson Airport. Orangeville area. (519) 941-3170; makanimeadows@bell.net (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement on page 125.)

ON Devonsleigh Kennels, Joanne Fernall. 1280 Webster Road, Norwood, ON (705) 6391210; devonsleigh@sympatico.ca; www. devonsleigh.com This is Moose. His parents are Italia and Red. He is not only handsome but smart as well. You can follow him on Instagram at www.instagram.com/moose. the.foxred Bred/Owned by Ken & Cathy Pellizzari, Goshen Ridge Reg’d.

History One of two breeds originating in North America, the Labrador is possibly descended from native dogs that interbred with those arriving in the 1600s with European fishing vessels. The Labrador is a hardy breed uniquely designed to withstand the difficult climate of Canada’s coastline. Smaller than the Newfoundland, the Labrador had excellent retrieving abilities, and became popular with waterfowl hunters worldwide. His type and talents were so desirable that the Labrador was used in many breeding programs, producing breeds such as the Flat-Coated, Chesapeake Bay and Golden Retrievers. Though the breed originated in Canada, the first Labrador Retrievers registered in Canada were found on the west coast, and were imported from the US and England. But the breed soon gained popularity in Canada and now stands as the most popular dog in the world. Personality Perhaps a perfect family dog, the Labrador Retriever is known for his sensible, affectionate, even-tempered nature and his intelligence and willingness to please. He is highly trainable and excels in a wide range of sports. An energetic dog, the Labrador needs a good run to work off steam, as well as things to do to keep his mind occupied. He is friendly with other animals, and excellent with kids. Appearance 21-25” (54-62 cm) 55-80 lb (25-37 kg)

legend PUREBRED

Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

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in raising a well mannered puppy which will become a well mannered adult dog. We offer LIFETIME return policy and LIFETIME support for you and your new family member. We are Premier members of the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC). Princeton, BC. whiterobinkennels@ outlook.com; www.whiterobin-kennels.com

Evenstar Labradors Reg’d, Jacklyn Hayhurst. Puppies are home-raised naturally, well socialized with a head start on learning experiences. Guaranteed. Our girls and puppies excel in Show, Obedience, and Field or as loving companions. Breeding stock is tested and cleared for hips, elbows, eyes,CNM, HNPK, EIC, DM. Fenwick, ON L0S 1C0. (905) 892-3012; jhayhurst@sympatico.ca; www. evenstarlabradors.com Goshen Ridge Reg’d, Ken & Cathy Pellizzari. Reg’d Breeders of quality black, chocolate, yellow & fox red Labrador Retrievers. Well temperamented for a family. Also great for hunting, agility, or fly ball. 565 Goshen Road, Tillsonburg, ON (519) 842-0960 Cathy’s cell: (519) 688-8815 Ken’s cell; goshenridgelabs@ hotmail.com; www.goshenridgelabs.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at upper left.)

RETRIEVER (NOVA SCOTIA DUCK TOLLING)

Photo: Sandy Bruce

Retriever (Labrador)

Retriever (Golden)

RETRIEVER (LABRADOR)

Short, straight dense outercoat. Soft weather-resistant undercoat. Black, yellow, History After observing the antics of foxes, hunters in Little River, Nova Scotia decided chocolate. to breed a dog that could imitate this Quick Facts hunting style, called “tolling”. One fox Exercise Requirements would play by the water’s edge, drawing the Grooming curiosity of the geese, while another would hide in the brush, ready to pounce. The BC Whiterobin Kennels, Cynthia White. All “Little River Duck Dog” worked in a similar puppies come Canadian Kennel Club registered, way, fetching an object thrown by the hunter, 1st set of shots, dew claws done, de-wormed, who would hide in a blind. Dancing and microchipped, very well socialized, a health playing as he retrieved, the dog would guarantee, and 6 weeks pet insurance. We are attract the birds’ curiosity. The hunter would here for you, offering our support to provide shoot once the birds were close enough, and you with our care and attention to assist you the dog would then retrieve them.

Personality Playful and exuberant, the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Dog loves to retrieve. He needs lots of exercise and a way to make use of his talents. At home, he is affectionate and devoted to his people. His tolling ability is natural, though regular training is needed to enable him to become a consistent hunting dog. Appearance 17-21” (43-54 cm) 37-51 lb (17-23 kg) Water-resistant, medium-length, moderately soft outercoat. Soft dense undercoat. Whiskers. Feathering. Various shades of red or orange. May have white markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

RHODESIAN RIDGEBACK

Personality Protective and brave, the Rhodesian Ridgeback is fiercely loyal to his owner. He is good with children when socialized with them. He remains an excellent hunter and excels at lure coursing. Because he is an independent thinker, he will benefit from training and socialization at an early age. Appearance 24-27” (61-69 cm) 65-85 lb (29-39 kg) Short, sleek, glossy, dense coat. Light wheaten to red wheaten. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Personality A well-bred Rottweiler is a calm, confident and courageous dog. He trusts his owner implicitly, and is highly dedicated to his family. Naturally cautious of strangers, the Rottweiler remains on guard until shown there is no danger to his family. When not on the alert, he is a mellow dog who is loving and playful and makes a superb companion. Good training and socialization make the Rottweiler a pleasure to have around. His intelligence and trainability make him a fun friend who excels in obedience, agility, cart pulling and many more active jobs.

Rottweiler

Bred specifically to look like and imitate foxes, Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers come from a combination of breeds including Flat-Coated Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Cocker Spaniels and Irish Setters. The breed is recognized as Nova Scotia’s Provincial Dog.

Appearance 22-27” (56-69 cm) 92-110 lb (42-50 kg) Medium length, coarse dense outercoat. Black with rust to mahogany markings.

MB Stalkmoor Perm Reg’d, Mrs M.J. Apostle. Rhodesian Ridgebacks only since 1967. Home raised for loving and kind dispositions, gentle hearts and noble minds. Not selling for guard or hunting purposes. Approved homes only. Pups by Int. Ch. IABCA Circle D Hottentot Lionheart’s Sammy (USA) RR DM (Clear) Orivet Genetics, (OFA HIPS & ELBOWS Clear) Stud service available. PO Box 28, Grp 319, RR 3, Selkirk, MB R1A 2A8. (204) 757-2876 (See our Breed Ambassador advertisement at left)

ROTTWEILER

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Windorff Reg’d. Proud Breeder of quality rottweilers since 1993. My breeding program focuses on temperament, health and conformation. Certified parents, written 2 yr guarantee on house raised puppies. Please contact Jackie Robson, Elmwood, ON. (519) 8891755; windorff@xplornet.ca; www.windorff.com

RUSSIAN TSVETNAYA BOLONKA

History The Rhodesian Ridgeback’s history begins in South Africa, where his ancestor, the Khoikhoi dog, was prized as a sighthound that could hold his own against large game. The symmetrical ridge of hair that grows back along the spine, giving the Ridgeback his name, came from these early sighthounds. As English emigrants came to South Africa, they crossed the native dogs with other breeds like Mastiffs, Bloodhounds and Pointers. No matter what breed was added, the ridge was predominant, and the Rhodesian Ridgeback was born. These large dogs were used both as hunters and protectors. In the 1870s, Reverend some of these dogs to Zimbabwe) where he breed them as large

History Roman soldiers travelling across Europe took their food along with them “on the hoof”. The herds were driven by huge Mastiffs. As cattle were eaten, or left at outposts, the dogs remained behind at drop points, one of which was the town of Rottweil in Germany. Roman Mastiffs and local dogs interbred, producing an imposing dog known as the German Butcher’s Dog, or Rottweiler. These dogs carted goods to market, then drove new purchases of cattle back home.

Improved methods of transportation such as the railroad made the Rottweiler’s job unnecessary, and the breed’s numbers Helm brought dropped significantly. But the Rottweiler’s Rhodesia (now reputation caught the interest of the continued to police and military in the 1900s and this game hunters. association made the Rottweiler one of the most popular breeds in North America.

WHAT’S A PUREBRED DOG? IN CANADA,

A PUREBRED DOG IS

DEFINED AS “A DOG

OF PROVEN LINEAGE THAT IS REGISTERED BY AN ACCEPTED

REGISTRY.” IF YOU’RE BUYING A PUREBRED DOG, REMEMBER

THAT, UNDER THE

“ANIMAL PEDIGREE

ACT”, THE DOG MUST BE ENTITLED TO

REGISTRATION PAPERS. CanadianDOGS.com

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PUREBRED

Stalkmoor Celtic Tradition, “Elsie” OFA RR DM (Clear). A wonderful mother and a devoted family member. Bred/Owned by Mrs. M.J. Apostle, Stalkmoor Perm. Reg’d. P.O. Box 28, Grp 319 RR3 Selkirk, MB R1A 2A8 (204) 757-2876

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

– See Rare Breed directory

SAMOYED

SCHAPENDOES (DUTCH SHEEPDOG)

History The Saluki is possibly the first breed ever domesticated by humans. Originating in Syria, it was imported to Egypt, Persia, India and Afghanistan. Its image has been found in tombs well over 5,000 years old. The name likely came from the Arabian town of Saluk, but may have an earlier origin with the Syrian town of Seleukia. The dog’s impressive speed made him a superlative hunter of fast game such as deer, fox, hare and gazelle. Considered a sacred gift of Allah, the Saluki could never be sold, only gifted.

UKC Ch. Snowybear’s Big Bang (Trek). Bred/ Owned by Tina Gibson, Snowybear Perm. Reg’d. www.snowybearkennels.com

History The hardworking Schapendoes has protected flocks in the Netherlands for hundreds of years, and enjoyed great popularity in the late 1800s and early 1900s. He is related to a variety of breeds in the sheepdog family, including the Bearded Collie, the Puli, and the Briard. After the First World War, Schapendoes numbers declined, but a Dutch inspector named P.M.C. Toepoel launched a campaign to resurrect the breed and by the 1930s interest in breeding the Schapendoes increased. In the 1940s, the Schapendoes made his first appearance in the show ring, which demonstrated that this breed could be reliable and durable in a variety of situations.

Photo: Messy Hair Kennel Reg’d

Saluki

SALUKI

History Born in the bitterest regions of Russia and Siberia, north of the Arctic Circle, the Samoyed was an irreplaceable hunter, herder, sled dog and companion to the Samoyede people. The Samoyed was a member of the family, and was allowed to live indoors when not herding reindeer or transporting people across the tundra.

Europeans discovered this useful sled dog during their expeditions to the Arctic in the mid-1800s. In 1889, zoologist Ernest Kilburn-Scott spent time with the Samoyede people and took home several dogs, calling them Samoyeds. They quickly gained popularity with the nobility, and were prized by expeditionary forces. The first dogs to explore Antarctica were Samoyeds. Despite their cold weather heritage, Samoyeds Personality Dignified and independent, adjust well to warmer climates. the Saluki has a deep affection for his Personality Always a family dog, the people. Sensitive to noisy active children, Samoyed is wonderful with all his people, the Saluki is best in a fairly quiet home. He young and old. He is easy-going and is a true hunter and sighthound, and will affectionate. Though he will bark at chase any small prey that catches his eye. strangers, he is too friendly to be much of Daily runs in a safe high-fenced area are a guard dog. He likes to play, and enjoys a daily run. While his thick coat makes him important to keep a Saluki happy. tolerant of cold weather, the Samoyed does Appearance 23-28” (58-71 cm) not like to be left outdoors for long periods and prefers to be inside with his family. 29-66 lb (13-30 kg) The Saluki came to Europe when Wilfred Jennings-Bramly obtained some from the Tahawi tribe in Northern Egypt. Despite his best efforts, the breed was not recognized by the Kennel Club until after the First World War, in 1923. Around the same time, several dogs were brought to North America, and the breed received recognition in 1927.

Feathered: smooth, soft silky coat with slight feathering on legs, back of thighs and tail. Smooth: same coat type, but no feathering. White, cream, fawn, golden, red, grizzle and tan, black and tan, tricolour or any variation of these colours. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming: Smooth Feathered

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Personality The Schapendoes is a loyal, intelligent breed that exudes friendliness and kindness to all that he meets. His high energy level is channeled into playful antics and he excels at agility sports, such as running and jumping over obstacles. He has a jovial personality, which makes him a friend to all, and his versatility makes him a good dog for a number of activities. The Schapendoes’ devoted nature and herding instincts means that he can be a good watchdog without being aggressive. He is fantastic in the show ring, hardworking on the farm, and affectionate in the home. Appearance 15.5-20” (40-51 cm) 26.5-55 lbs (12-25 kg)

Slightly wavy, long, thick outercoat with sufficient undercoat. Top knot, moustache, and beard. Fur sometimes Long, harsh, stand-off weather-resistant gathers in tufts. All colours. outercoat. Short, thick, wooly undercoat. Quick Facts Neck ruff. White, biscuit, white and biscuit, Exercise Requirements cream. Grooming Quick Facts Exercise Requirements ON Grooming Messy Hair Kennel Reg’d, Chari O’Leary. Appearance 18-24” (46-60 cm) 35-65 lb (16-30 kg)

ON Snowybear Perm Reg’d. Home raised happy puppies. Sound temperaments, hardworking Samoyeds. All puppies vet checked. Breeding since 1986. 156 Cheapside Road, PO Box 135, Selkirk, ON N0A 1P0 (905) 776-2115; gibson.snowbear@xplornet.com; www.snowybearkennels.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

Selective breeding from Canadian and European Championship lines. Parents are OFA Hips/Elbows/Heart & CAER tested. Lovingly homeraised for companions - conformation and performance; temperament tested pups placed in approved homes (Reservations recommended). Providing health guarantees and unlimited support to our puppies’ families. Vet checked with the first vaccination and micro-chipped. Crate trained. Proud member of the CKC and Schapendoes Club of Canada. (905) 936-5986; messyhair@rogers.com; www. messyhairkennels.com

Photo: Island West Reg’d – Sharon Medforth

SCHIPPERKE

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming BC Island West Reg’d, Sharon Medforth. We love our schipperkes and we know you will too. Breeding for show and pet. Please visit our web site at ‘Island West Schipperkes’ to learn more about our dogs. (250) 667-3878; schippmast@outlook.com; http:// www.englishmastiff2.com/schipperke (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

Appearance 23-28” (60-70 cm) 75-104 lb (34-47 kg) Harsh, wiry dense outercoat. Soft undercoat. Beard and moustache. Solid black, salt and pepper. Dark mask in salt and pepper colour. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON

ON Armstrong-Purnell Janice & Murray Purnell, Sanhedrin Reg’d. Quality home raised puppies from sound, health champion & obedience OFA certified clear stock. Our dogs do well in Obedience & Shows, but most of all, are loving family companions. 8676 Hwy 9, Tottenham, ON L0G 1W0. (416) 4413724 Cell; willysammi@hotmail.com; www. sanhedringermanshepherds.com

Bluechip Perm. Reg’d, Olga Gagne. Breeding for health, temperament and correct breed characteristics. Bluechip Giants are loving family companions, devoted guardians, and wonderful breed ambassadors. They are intelligent, versatile, and beautiful conformation champions. Parent are health tested. Puppies are wormed, microchipped, vaccinated, and health guaranteed. They are ready to become happy members of your family! (905) 262-4682; bluechip149@sympatico.ca; www. bluechipgiants.com

SCHNAUZER (GIANT)

SCHNAUZER (MINIATURE)

Schnauzer (Miniature)

SchapAnnRo Reg’d, Anne & Robert Harvey. Breeder of quality, home-raised, well-socialized puppies, selectively bred for temperament, health, trainability, and structure. Great companions for first-time owners or experienced competitors. Wonderful agility and obedience dogs. Available to approved homes, extensive and lifetime breeder support. References available. Visitors welcome. Reservations recommended. 25th Sideroad, Amaranth, ON L9V 1M3. (416) 420-3425 or (416) 347-7796; schapannro@rogers.com; annbert@rogers.com; www.schapannro.com

The Schipperke is a happy, active dog. Pictured, is Island West’s Friday the Thirteenth at 12 months old. Thirteen is active in agility, disk, rally obedience, and well on her way to her show championship.

Personality A loyal family dog, the Schipperke is active, agile and continually occupied with what is going on around him. While he is kind with children, his excellent watchdog skills make the Schipperke wary of strangers. He has a high energy level, which can be satisfied in the city with frequent visits to the dog park or long walks. He’s also a great farm dog, since he gets along well with larger animals such as horses (though he’ll chase smaller animals such as rabbits). Eager to please and intelligent, the Schipperke is very adaptable and easy to train.

History The Giant Schnauzer may seem a larger copy of the Standard and Miniature Schnauzer, but each breed has its own unique origins. Giant Schnauzers originally come from the mountains of Bavaria and were primarily cattle drovers. Their ancestry is mixed, likely stemming from Great Danes, Bouviers des Flandres and various other droving and shepherd dogs of the time. Mostly found around Munich, he was a popular farm dog from the 15th century until the arrival of railroads made him obsolete. Butchers in town took a liking to the large protective dogs and they became guardians of butcher shops and pubs. Around this time, the breed was crossed with the Standard Schnauzer and called the Munich Schnauzer, later renamed the Giant Schnauzer.

History The only Schnauzer breed classified as a terrier, the Miniature Schnauzer worked on farms where he was responsible for reducing rat populations. The breed was created in Germany in the late 1800s when fanciers of the Standard Schnauzer desired a smaller dog of similar type. By crossing the Standard Schnauzer with Miniature Pinschers, Wire Fox Terriers, Affenpinschers and small Poodles, they were able to maintain the Schnauzer type in a smaller size while adding the desired ratting traits. Unlike many terrier breeds, the Miniature Schnauzer did not go to ground when hunting, but dispatched his prey above ground.

No longer needed for farm work, the Miniature Schnauzer’s good looks and Because of their size and bravery, Giant pleasant personality made him a desirable Schnauzers became staunch defenders in and popular indoor pet. An ideal companion, he wants to be included in both World Wars. everything that goes on. Personality Big, bold and full of spirit, the Giant Schnauzer takes his job seriously. At Personality A bright and charming Appearance 10-13” (25.5-33 cm) the same time, he is loyal and loving with his dog, the Miniature Schnauzer is a 12-19 lb (5.5-8.5 kg) family. Intelligent and energetic, he needs devoted companion who gets along Black double-coat, with soft undercoat and a job to keep him happy and thrives on with children and other dogs. He harsh, dense outercoat. Neck ruff and perky activities such as flyball, agility and obedience. is fearless and alert and makes an He is a natural protector, and needs careful excellent non-aggressive watchdog. ears. Usually all black, medium-length fur. socialization and training at a young age. Schnauzer (Miniature) continued on page 130.

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History The Schipperke has existed within the Flemish provinces of Belgium for hundreds of years. Whether the breed hailed from an old breed of black Belgian Sheepdog called the Leauvenarr or from the northern Spitz-type dogs is still debated. The Schipperke’s original purpose was to clear farms, factories, and homes of rats, which earned them the name “Spitske” (little Spits). Quite successful at this task, Schipperkes moved from land to water, where they took care of vermin on boats and barges. By the 1880s, that earned them the new name – the Schipperke – which means “little captain.” The Schipperke became a popular pet in Belgium after Queen Marie Henriette acquired one at a dog show in 1885.

MB Oak Valley Schnauzers, Roger Main. 40 Years raising Minis with Exclusive bloodlines selectively bred for companions and therapy dogs. All colours, some with smaller size, superior colour. Many of my minis live well into their teens. Generations of repeat customers. My Minis aren’t just pets, thats’ what they are bred to be. Health guarantee. Vet References and Naturally Reared. Box 268, Oak Lake MB R0M 1P0. (204) 855-2844. www.Pets4you.com/Pages/OakValley.html

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

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Hard, wiry outer coat in black, grey, brindle, or wheaten. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

SEALYHAM TERRIER

SCOTTISH DEERHOUND -See Deerhound (Scottish)

SCOTTISH TERRIER

History Small, feisty dogs have helped Scottish highlanders root out prey for centuries. An old breed, the Scottish Terrier is likely descended from the “earth dogs”, written about by Pliny the Elder in 55 BC. The “Scottie” shares History This hearty dog is the oldest of bloodlines with the Cairn Terrier and the Schnauzer breeds, hailing from as far West Highland White Terrier, but his back as 14th century Germany. A working exact origin remains unknown. dog, the Standard Schnauzer’s primary purpose was to guard carts on the way to In the late 1870s, the Scottish Terrier travelled outside his native Scotland. Soon the little market, and serve as a multi-purpose farm powerhouse was valued as a method of pest dog. He became known for his speed and control on many English farms. A decade intelligence when herding livestock, and later, breed criterion was established and a keen sense of smell that was ideal for the Scottish Terrier gained popularity for his hunting vermin. distinguished looks and loyal companionship. The breed was brought to North America In the U.S., President Roosevelt’s dog “Fala” after the end of World War I. At that point, captured public attention throughout the he was still known as the Wire-haired Depression and WWII. Pinscher due to his distinctive, wiry coat –- Personality The Scottish Terrier’s perhaps a result of being crossed with other nickname, “Diehard”, captures the breed’s coarse-haired breeds like the grey Wolfspitz courage and tenacity. The bold and and black German Poodle. But by the 20th independent “Scottie” makes a loyal family century, he was largely recognized for his companion and is good with children who distinguished “schauze” – the German word respect his space. He is bright and willing for snout – and became the Schnauzer as to please, so positive training can shape him into an excellent watchdog, show dog, he’s known today. CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Appearance 10-11” (25.5-28 cm) 18-22 lb (8-10 kg)

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

SCHNAUZER (STANDARD)

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earthdog competitor or simply a valued member of the family.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Schnauzer (Standard)

Personality While this breed is still valued for his robust nature, he makes a Schnauzer loyal family companion who thrives in a (Miniature) variety of lifestyles. Energetic and highly He is friendly and easy to socialize. Regular intelligent, the Schnauzer loves to be part exercise is important to keep this active of the action and prefers to be surrounded fellow occupied. The Miniature Schnauzer by all members of his family. His patience is easy to train and enjoys activities such as and sense of humour make him a good obedience and agility. companion for children, so long as they’re taught to respect his space. It is best to train Appearance 12-14” (30-36 cm) 9-18 lb (4-8 kg) Schnauzers from a young age to direct their Hard wiry outercoat. Soft close undercoat. natural confidence. Beard and moustache. Salt and pepper, Appearance 17-20” (43-51 cm) black and silver, black. 35-45 lb (15-21 kg) Quick Facts Dense, wiry outer coat with softer undercoat Exercise Requirements and prominent eyebrows and beard. Solid Grooming black or pepper and salt.

History While seeking the “perfect terrier” for his estate in Pembrokeshire, Wales, Captain John Edwards created the Sealyham Terrier. The dog was fast enough to keep up with hounds on the hunt, small enough to go to ground after badgers, brave enough to face whatever prey he might encounter, and white in colour so the hounds wouldn’t mistake him as their prey. Edwards spent four decades during the 1800s putting together his terrier, using Dandie Dinmont Terriers, Wire Fox Terriers, West Highland White Terriers, Corgis and even Bassets. The breed’s popularity soared in the 20s and 30s, when the Sealyham became the “must have” dog of Hollywood celebrities. Famous people like Humphrey Bogart, Elizabeth Taylor and Alfred Hitchcock sported Sealyhams. Personality Despite being a brave and tenacious hunter, the Sealyham Terrier is quite a low-key fellow. He is proud and self-confident, secure of his place in the world. A bit of a clown, he loves to entertain his owners. Appearance 10-12” (25-31 cm) 17-25 lb (8-11.5 kg) Long, hard wiry outercoat. Soft, dense weather-resistant undercoat. All white with lemon or badger pied markings on head and ears. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

SETTER (IRISH)

Setter (Irish)

SETTER (GORDON) Photo: Gordonstar Perm. Reg’d

SETTER (ENGLISH)

History The name “setter” comes from the practice of “setting”. This game bird hunting style involved the dog stealthily creeping up on and indicating the location of his prey for his master to cast a net upon it. Sometimes the net covered the dog as well, so the English Setter’s ability to “lie low” prevented him from getting tangled in the net.

History The Gordon Setter is a descendant of the setting spaniels that were popular in 15th century Scotland. The black and tan setting dogs were crossed with local dogs to create unique breeds that were suitable for the harsh Scottish terrain. It was the Fourth Duke of Gordon, Alexander, who set the foundation for the Gordon Setter. His kennel dogs became excellent bird hunting As this working breed’s name indicates, dogs, since they had the ability to stealthily the English Setter has been used all over track and alert hunters to the location of the U.K. since the 1300s, although it’s birds without startling the birds into flight. believed to be a descendant of the Spanish In the mid-1800s, two direct descendants of land spaniel. In the 19th century, Edward the Duke of Gordon’s kennels came to Laverack, and later Purcell Llewellin, North America and the development of the created breeding programs that led to breed was refined. the development of the English Setter as Personality Both patient and adventurous, we know him today on both sides of the the Gordon Setter has all the makings Atlantic – a skilled, elegant-looking gun of a good family dog. His loyal qualities dog who’s a winner in the show ring as make him a decent guard dog, but he is well as at field trials. The breed’s keen also gentle and affectionate. While he is in scenting abilities made him a top choice his element when on hunting excursions, for this purpose. hiking, long walks, and swimming will also Personality Despite their history as keep him happy. He also enjoys sports, but is hunters, English Setters are friendly, known more for his stamina than his speed. affectionate and mild-mannered. They Training and socialization can be quite enjoy playing with children, make good enjoyable with Gordon Setters, since they household companions, and are willing tend to be well-mannered and sensible.

History The origin of setters in Ireland is uncertain. As the breed gained popularity in the early 19th century, Irish Setters came in combinations of red and white. Occasionally, a puppy would be born with an all-red coat. When breed showing became popular in the mid-1800s, the flashy all-red colouring caught people’s attention, and breeders soon sought to focus on type. They cut out the red and white colouring and founded the Irish Red Setter Club in 1882.

to please. The English setter loves to run and hunt, and may become a digger and a roamer if allowed free rein. Adequate exercise and plenty of outdoor time will help satisfy his energetic nature, and will help shape him into a well-behaved and adaptable house dog.

Moderate length, straight flat coat with feathering. Rich chestnut or mahogany red with no trace of black. May have white markings.

Flat, silky, relatively long coat with feathering. Colouring can range from white mixed with black, orange, lemon or liver, but can also be solid white or tri-colour. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Soft coat is either straight or slightly wavy. Shiny black fur with tan markings. Long, soft ears. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Personality A playful happy-go-lucky fellow, the Irish Setter is an upbeat companion whose brilliant red coat is sure to turn heads. He is friendly to all he meets, and always enthusiastic. He has a short attention span, and does best with short training sessions. He needs a lot of exercise to keep him happy. Given his hunting roots, the Irish Setter enjoys active sports like agility, and remains an excellent bird dog. Appearance 21-27” (54-69 cm) 60-75 lb (27-34 kg)

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

“Before you get a dog, you can’t quite imagine what living with one might be like; afterward, you can’t imagine living any other way.”

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Appearance 24-27” (61-64 cm) 50-70 lb (22.5-31.5 kg)

Appearance 23-27” (58.5-68.5 cm) 45-80 lb (20.5-36.5 kg)

All-red Irish Setters were very popular in their native Ireland, and in North America where they were excellent gun dogs. In recent history, breeders have returned their emphasis to the qualities that made the Irish Setter a successful birding dog.

– Caroline Knapp CanadianDOGS.com

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History The Setter is a specialized birdhunting dog that flushes prey then remains still so the hunter can shoot the birds without risk of shooting his dog. Irish Setters were developed in the early 1800s when gun-hunting became popular. The original breed was mostly red and white with the odd all-red dog born in a litter. As showing became popular, the all-red colour came into vogue, and the red and white dogs nearly became extinct.

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

History Natives of the sparsely-vegetated Shetland Islands bred small hardy miniature cattle, dwarf sheep and Shetland Ponies. Since they didn’t require large dogs to maintain their herds, they selectively bred King Charles Spaniels, Yakki dogs from Greenland, and Scandinavian Spitz-type dogs to produce a small sturdy herder.

At first, there was a lot of variety in these dogs, but in the early 1900s James Loggie Irish hunters preferred working with the standardized the Shetland dog’s type, red and white dogs because they were easily adding in Collie blood. He introduced the seen. Several breeders maintained Irish Red dog in 1906 as the “Shetland Collie”, but and White Setters, with a focus on working when Collie breeders objected, the dog was characteristics rather than colour. Today, renamed the Shetland Sheepdog. nearly all Irish Red and White Setters are steadily gaining popularity around the world. Personality A lively and intelligent fellow, the Shetland Sheepdog, or Sheltie, makes a fun Personality The Irish Red and White Setter family companion who excels in obedience, is a happy-go-lucky fellow, bursting with agility and other similar sports. He is a gentle energy. He loves the great outdoors, and dog who is attached to his family, though is his high-spirited nature makes him a fun and exciting dog to be around. He needs reserved with strangers. Early socialization is consistent training, in short bursts suited to important to prevent shyness. his short attention span, and opportunities Appearance 13-16” (33-41 cm) to burn off his energy. 14-27 lb (6-12 kg) Appearance 22-26” (57-66 cm) 50-75 lb (22-34 kg)

Long, straight, silky fine coat with feathering. White with solid red patches. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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SHIBA INU

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Setter (Irish Red and White)

SETTER (IRISH RED AND WHITE) SHETLAND SHEEPDOG

ON Harrison, Gail & Leslie, Caniscaeli Reg’d. Knowledgeable, experienced breeders emphasizing health and good temperament to produce excellent family companions. Homeraised puppies have excelled in conformation, field and obedience. Inquiries welcomed. RR #3, Mitchell, ON N0K 1N0 Telephone (519) 348-8267; caniscaeli@gmail.com; www. caniscaelisetters.com

ON Sharls Shelties Reg’d. Top quality CKC reg’d. championship bloodlines. Bred for show, performance, and companionship. Happy, Intelligent, Home-raised puppies. Vet checked, microchip, health guarantee, occasionally for sale. All inquiries welcomed. Sharon MacLean, 607 Dorchester Drive, Oshawa, ON. Phone: (905) 728-1352 or sharlsshelties@bell.net; www. sharlsshelties.com

– Stanley Coren CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

In 1928, the Nihon Ken Hozonkai, or Nippon, was founded to register and preserve native Japanese dog breeds. It recognized the Shiba Inu as a “national monument” in 1936 – a distinctly Japanese dog requiring preservation. The devastation wracked on Japan during World War II decimated the dogs. After the war, the Japanese gathered dogs from all over the country in an effort to rebuild its native breeds. The Shiba Inu arrived in North America in the late 1900s. Personality With an independent cat-like personality, the Shiba Inu is affectionate and playful, yet reserved with strangers. He is vocal and makes a good watchdog, and can make a fun and enjoyable companion.

Long, straight harsh outercoat. Short, furry Appearance 13-17” (34-42 cm) dense undercoat. Mane. Black, blue merle, 17-23 lb (7.5-11 kg) shades of sable, all with various degrees of Straight stiff outercoat. Soft thick undercoat. white and/or tan. Red, black and tan, sesame. Quick Facts Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Exercise Requirements Grooming Grooming

“The greatest fear dogs know is the fear that you will not come back when you go out the door without them.” 132

History The Shiba Inu is the smallest Japanese Spitz-type breed. Bred as a hunter of small game, he would be sent out to flush, run and hold game until the hunter arrived for the kill. While usually used to hunt rabbits, grouse and wild boar, there are accounts of Shiba Inu hunting bear and deer. The breed’s name comes from the Japanese words for “small” (shiba) and “dog” (inu).

legend Very minimal Minimal Average More than average Maximum

SIBERIAN HUSKY

SHIKOKU

History These little dogs came to be known as “lion dogs” or Shih Tzu. They came to China in the 7th century, where the breed was highly prized by the court. In the late 1800s, the Dowager Empress T’zu His took an interest in the breed, crossing it with the Pekinese and creating the breed type we know today.

History The nomadic Chukchi people of Siberia needed durable dogs capable of pulling sleds or hunting reindeer. Because food was scarce, these sled dogs not only needed great endurance but had to be small enough not to require a lot of nourishment. Known as the Siberian Chukchi, they were first brought to North History A medium-sized breed that existed America in 1909. in ancient times, the Shikoku hunted deer and boar on the smallest and least- The Siberian Husky came to the world’s populated of Japan’s four islands. In this notice thanks to Leonhard Seppala, who isolated, mountainous region, Shikoku with his dog team, delivered serum 600 bloodlines remained pure. This Spitz type miles to Nome, Alaska in the winter of 1925, is so rare and treasured that in 1937, the narrowly averting an outbreak of diphtheria. Japanese government declared the breed Seppala toured the United States with his famed dogs, including team leader Balto, “a national monument”. who has a statue in New York’s Central Park. Personality The Shikoku is alert, tough During his tour, Balto entered several races and energetic – yet owners say he possesses a and proved the Siberian Husky’s superiority. certain innocence. Calm indoors, especially Since then, the breed has remained popular around his family, he needs an active outdoor in North America.

In the 1920s, Lady Brownrigg brought a pair of Shih Tzu home to England from a visit to China. A few dogs were exported abroad until 1940, when the Communist takeover of China closed the borders to new bloodlines. Only seven dogs and bitches were available for breeding; they are the founders of all existing Shih Tzu. The Shih Tzu is now one of the most popular toy breeds in the world. life. The Shikoku does have a tendency Personality Used to being a dog of nobility, to dominance, so early socialization is the Shih Tzu is a friendly, loving animal who required. A fenced yard provides safety for this unique dog, who, after all, has running can be a happy lap dog one moment, and a in his genes. playful companion the next. Despite his small size, he is sturdy and does well with children. Appearance 18-20.5” (46-52 cm) 40-60 lb (18-27 kg) Appearance 8-11” (20-28 cm) Known for his “sesame-coloured”, harsh 9-16 lb (4-7.5 kg) outer coat. Long, flowing luxurious outercoat. Dense Quick Facts good undercoat. All colours permissible. Exercise Requirements Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Grooming

BC Ovations Reg’d. Selective breeding of top champion bloodlines to produce superior companion and show puppies with excellent temperament and conformation. Veterinarian examined. Written agreement and after sale support. Surrey, BC. (604) 541-2747; Cell (778) 885-4353; ovations.kennel@shaw.ca

- See Rare Breed Directory

ON Chopin Reg’d, Sandra Veitch. We breed our CKC champions in our home to produce wellsocialized puppies that come with a health guarantee. Vetchecked, shots and microchipped, as well as CKC, registered. London, ON (519) 474-4387; chopinshihtzureg@hotmail.com Schutzu Reg’d. Karen Schut. Small show kennel dedicated to producing beautiful, healthy, intelligent puppies from Champion lines. Gold/

SHILOH SHEPHERD

PUPPIES GO THROUGH SEVERAL STAGES BEFORE THEY’RE FULL GROWN. TURN TO P. 10 TO TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT THESE IMPORTANT MILESTONES!

Personality Bred to live and work in a team, the Siberian Husky does not like to be left alone. He is loving and friendly, playful as a puppy, yet dignified as he matures. With his great endurance, the Siberian Husky requires regular exercise. He is a bit of an escape artist, and requires a securely fenced yard to run in. Historically expected to help earn his own keep, he is an effective hunter of small prey and may not be safe around smaller pets like cats. Appearance 20-34” (51-60 cm) 35-60 lb (16-27 kg) Medium length, straight soft outercoat. Soft dense undercoat. All colours from black to white. Various markings on the head are common. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Okiok Reg’d, Carol Lindsay. Quality pups, adults. Colour choices. Over 50 years selectively breeding intelligent companions to put love in your life. Socialized, gentle temperament, great conformation, longevity. Training started. Dams and sires on site. Females bred only occasionally. Available for the life of your dog for advice. To caring, permanent, responsible homes. Stud service. All-breed boarding facility, in-floor heat. Private boarding cattery, lots of TLC! Pet shop for all your canine, feline and equine needs. Near Grand Bend. 35619 Salem Rd., RR 8, Parkhill, ON (519) 294-0494

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BIS RBIS BBBS and MBPS Grand Ch. Schutzu’s Saint Elmo’s Fire. Elmo is 10lbs of beauty and brains available for stud, producing smaller type puppies. Owner handled loved by Schutzu Kennels. Karen Schut, 241 Freelton Road, Hamilton, ON L8B 0Z5.

Siberian Husky

whites and Black/whites well-socialized Shih Tzu’s to approved homes on nonbreeding contracts. Show puppies, foster adults, stud service available occasionally. 241 Freelton Rd, Freelton, ON L8B 2Z5. (905) 659-3922; schutzu. info@gmail.com (See our Breed Ambassador advertisement at left)

Photo: Okiok Reg’d

SHIH TZU

Silky Terrier

SILKY TERRIER

History: This breed originated in Australia in the early 1800s, and is a mixture of the Australian and Yorkshire terrier, although the Dandie Dinmont, Cairn and Skye terriers may also figure in the Silky’s ancestry. Two separate standards initially resulted in two names – the Sydney Silky terrier and the Victorian Silky – but a single standard was adopted in 1959 and the breed became known as the Silky Terrier. Bred as a companion dog, he’s also skilled at killing vermin. He was brought to North America by WWII soldiers serving in Australia.

SOFT-COATED WHEATEN TERRIER

Witthaven Wheatens, CKC Reg’d, Natascha Witt. Limited number of healthy, well socialized and beautiful puppies! Born in our home from champion bloodlines. Health testing and guarantee, comprehensive puppy package, lifelong support. Irish and North American coat types. Visit www.witthaven.weebly.com or find us on Facebook. (226) 747-3216; witthaven1@ gmail.com Rathdrum’s Two Little Bears. Champion European lines combining loving temperament with genetic soundness. Rathdrum Wheatens, Maureen Marinelli, Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON L0S 1J0.

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History As Ireland’s poor man’s hunting dog, the Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier was an effective ratter, herder, hunter and watch dog. In the early 19th century the breed was so common it was considered beneath notice. Because of its lowly heritage, no one took interest in the breed until the 1930s, when a group of fanciers formed a breed club. The dog was initially Personality Because he was bred to called the Irish Wheaten Terrier, but the club decided the name was too similar to be a household pet, the Silky Terrier is Irish Terrier, and changed it to Soft-Coated affectionate, playful and friendly, though Wheaten Terrier. The dogs were first he isn’t known as a lapdog. He’s intelligent, presented at breed shows in their natural alert, curious and lively, can occasionally be coats, only to receive derisive comments mischievous and vocal, and may get into that they looked like “walking haystacks”. trouble if left on his own too long. The It was consequently decided to “top and Silky is good with kids, but doesn’t like to tidy” their coats into the trim now seen in the show ring. The Soft-Coated Wheaten be teased. Terrier did not gain recognition in North Appearance 9-10” (23-25 cm) America until the 1970s. 8-10 lb (3.5-4.5 kg) Personality Quieter than many smaller Coat is long, flat, lustrous, fine and silky terriers, the Wheaten is enthusiastic (hence the name), with a topknot. Blue with and obedient. He loves kids, though his energetic nature makes him a better match tan markings. for older children. He bonds strongly to his Quick Facts family and makes a good watchdog. Exercise Requirements Appearance 17-19” (43-48 cm) Grooming 30-40 lb (14-18 kg)

EXERCISING WITH YOUR DOG IS A GREAT WAY FOR YOU TO BOND AND ENJOY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TOGETHER! TURN TO P. 32 FOR SOME TIPS ON KEEPING HIM SAFE AND HAPPY DURING YOUR WORKOUTS. 134

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parents and pups. Niagara-on-the-Lake, ON L0S 1J0. (905) 327-7722; rathdrumwheatens@gmail. com; www.rathdrumwheatens.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

SPANIEL (AMERICAN COCKER)

BIS, MBISS, AM/CDN GCH ALADDIN’S SIRIUS BLAK N TAN. Sirius is a Best in Show, Multi Best In Specialty Show Winner who is both Stunning and Correct! Bred/Owned by Carol Edwards, Aladdin Reg’d.

History When Cocker Spaniels were imported to North America from England, breeders began to select for a different type of dog, choosing smaller animals with more leg and a shorter body. By the 1930s, the two breed types had become so different they were split. The original type was called the English Cocker Spaniel, and the new one the American Cocker Spaniel (or just Cocker Spaniel in the US).

Because he was both an excellent family dog and useful hunter’s companion, the Cocker Spaniel’s popularity soared. As Soft, silky, waved abundant coat. Any shade demand increased, many unscrupulous of wheaten. breeders sprung up and the breed suffered Quick Facts from temperamental and constitutional Exercise Requirements problems. Dedicated breeders worked to Grooming promote and maintain sound breeding practices, preserving a true breed type and ON temperament. The breed remains popular McCartney Ron, Ultrasound Reg’d. Happy, to this day. healthy well-socialized puppies. Focused on Health Testing and Temperament. To approved homes only. Breeder of CKC registered Purebred dogs for 46 years. Reasonable prices. RR 4, Owen Sound, ON N4K 5N6. Home (519) 794-3456; Cell (226) 668-6031; ultrasoundkennel@gmail.com; www.ultrasoundkennels.com

Personality A well bred American Cocker Spaniel has a sweet easy-going temperament. He is happy, trusting and intelligent, easy to train and good at a range of dog sports like agility, flyball and obedience. He is big enough to enjoy long Rathdrum Wheatens, Maureen Marinelli. walks, swims and hikes, yet small enough to Happy, home-raised puppies from champion be portable when travelling. After enjoying European lines noted for health. Breeding on a some exercise, the American Cocker small, select scale. Thorough health testing of Spaniel is happy to sit back and relax.

SPANIEL (BRITTANY)

SPANIEL (CLUMBER)

History Developed in the Brittany region of France, the first Brittany dogs were recorded in the town of Pontou in the mid-1800s, and were used for hunting and retrieving birds. Small and naturally bobtailed, the Brittany’s stocky compact frame and vigorous hunting ability made him one of the most popular hunting dogs in France. The breed type wasn’t settled until 1908. In spite of being called a “spaniel”, the Brittany functions more like a small setter or pointer. Indeed, the AKC has removed “spaniel” from the breed’s name.

History There are several theories about the origins of the Clumber Spaniel, but what we know for certain is that this breed was popular amongst 18th Century English nobility. The Clumber Spaniel was imported either from Spain or from France, and became a favourite of princes, kings, and dukes as a game fowl hunter. The breed earned its name from Clumber Park, which was an estate owned by the English Duke of Newcastle who was quite fond of this Spaniel. Some early ancestors of the Clumber may have been the Basset Hound and the Alpine Spaniel.

Spaniel (Clumber)

Appearance 13-15” (33-38 cm) 15-30 lb (7-14 kg) Medium length, silky, flat or wavy outercoat. Undercoat adequate for protection. Ears, chest, abdomen, legs well feathered. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming BC Aladdin Reg’d. Breeders of quality black, black/tan and buff American Cocker Spaniels for Performance, Pet or Show. All breeding dogs are health tested OFA (eyes, hips and patellas) and PRA-prcd clear. Carol Edwards (250) 545-5269; aladdinacs@gmail.com; http:// aladdinacs.net (See our Breed Ambassador advertisement on page 134.) ON Brinlook Reg’d, Doug Batty. American Cocker Spaniels. All colours but chocolate. Home raised. Top-quality, long history of cockers. Puppies available occasionally. Aylmer, ON. N5H 3E8 (Box 405), (226) 268-0405; brinlook@eastlink.ca Countrydream’s Reg’d, Cindy Bousfield. Well socialized puppies and adults, health and temperament guaranteed, SLT yearly. Selectively bred, Champion bloodlines from American/ Canadian lines. Home raised puppies with love. Cayugo, ON (905) 772-3538; bousfield@xplornet. com; http://countrydreamscockers.com/

Personality Slow but steady wins the race. The Clumber Spaniel is a good family dog who has good endurance, but likes to take his time. He spreads out his stamina rather than maintaining a high level of energy. This breed is sweet, affectionate, and mellow and is content to stroll along or lounge with his family. He also loves to swim, and his retriever instincts make him great at playing fetch. Bred to be a working and sporting dog, the Clumber Personality An excellent hunter who Spaniel is happiest when he is enjoying the loves the outdoors, the Brittany Spaniel great outdoors. He sometimes may require is a delightful fellow, quite happy to socialization training with strangers relax once his work is done. He settles because he can be protective but his in well with family activities, and loves to intelligence and mild manners makes all be around his people. With a keen mind training easy. He responds especially well and desire to please, the Brittany Spaniel to a gentle approach. is easy to train. He is a happy dog who is Appearance 17-20” (43-51 cm) always ready to have fun and be part of his 55-85 lb (25-38.5 kg) people’s lives. Medium-length coat is silky, straight, and Appearance 17.5-20.5” (44-52 cm) dense. Well-feathered around legs and 30-40 lb (13-19 kg) chest. Primarily white with orange or lemon Dense, flat or wavy coat. Feathering. Liver markings. Freckles are common. and white, orange and white, tricolour (liver Quick Facts and white with orange markings). Markings Exercise Requirements may be clear or roan. May have ticking. Grooming French lines may be black and white.

When the Brittany Spaniel came to North America in the 1930s, hunters preferred a lighter-bodied dog with a longer leg. Over time, American and French breeding stock differed enough in shape and hunting style Nonnies Cockers Perm. Reg’d. Vickie & Dave that some clubs now separate the two and Umpleby. Breeding beautiful American cockers consider them different breeds. American since 1980. Wonderful family pets and champion Brittany Spaniels are discouraged from show dogs with friendly, affectionate, happy having the black colouring acceptable in personalities, intelligence and excellent health. French Brittanys. VUmpleby@aol.com;

SilkRoad Reg’d, Patty & Mike Vossen. Breeders of Champion American Cocker Spaniels. Our Champion breeding stock is certified OFA Health tested parents for healthier puppies. We do have puppies occasionally & breed to produce healthy, sound & wonderful temperaments. (519) 736-4801; (519) 980-3793 mpvossen@ cdpwise.net; FB @SilkroadKennel

OBEDIENCE TRAINING CAN BE INTIMIDATING. VISIT P. 42 FOR SOME EXPERT TIPS ON HOW TO DO IT RIGHT, AND WHAT PITFALLS TO AVOID!

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

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Puppies occasionally. (647) 388-5398

“If you don’t have a dog – at least one – there is not necessarily anything wrong with you, but there may be something wrong with your life.” – Vincent van Gogh CanadianDOGS.com

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SPANIEL (ENGLISH SPRINGER)

SPANIEL (IRISH WATER)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Spaniel (English Cocker)

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SPANIEL (ENGLISH COCKER)

History Water spaniels have been used in Ireland for centuries to retrieve waterfowl felled by hunters. In the 1930s, Irishman Justin McCarthy bred his dog Boatswain, a typical southern Irish Water Spaniel, in what was either an effort to resurrect a dying breed that had existed since the early 16th century, or create a new breed of Irish Water Spaniel, utilizing a variety of bloodlines he kept secret all his life. Likely prospects for this breeding program included Poodle/Barbet type dogs and Portuguese Water Dogs. The resulting The English Springer Spaniel was officially breed remained remarkably true to type, and named a breed in 1902. Breeders brought completely distinct from other dogs. it to North America in 1907, where it faced difficult competition with pre-existing The Irish Water Spaniel is an excellent waterfowl hunter, with fanciers in both his The Cocker Spaniel came to North America pointers and setters. Interest in the breed native Ireland and North America. With a in the 1870s. While breeders continued to increased in 1922 when the English Springer unique water-resistant coat that keeps him select for sporting ability, over time some Spaniel Field Trial Association was founded. warm even in the coldest conditions, and Over time, a division between field-bred chose to breed for a smaller shorter-legged webbed toes that allow him to swim with and show-bred lines developed; stronger type, while others chose to maintain the working instincts and more white coverage great efficiency, he is a true water dog. Although not highly popular, he has a British type. Eventually, the two styles of are typical of working lines. strong following as a proficient hunter and Cocker Spaniel were so differentiated that separate registries were required by Personality Thanks to their similar heritage, fun-loving friend. 1940. Breeders of English Cocker Spaniels the English Springer Spaniel is much like the Personality He’s full of clownish antics, so English Cocker Spaniel in personality. He is training the young Irish Water Spaniel may selected for taller lighter-coated dogs that happy and easy-going, a quick learner, and seem an exercise in futility. As he matures, retain their hunting instincts. deeply bonded to his family. He loves to swim however, he shows an amazing retention for Personality Happy and easy to get along and play, and is sure to end up wet if a pond or lessons he showed no signs of learning in with, the English Cocker Spaniel loves to do puddle can be found. With regular exercise, his youth. Though somewhat reserved with just about anything. Whether it’s going for a the Springer is ready to relax at home, strangers, he’s boldly affectionate to those he long walk or taking a bath, he’s happy as long enjoying a comfy snooze on his bed. Because cares about most. Bred to work long hours as his person is there. He likes to retrieve of his deep family bond, the English Springer in cold, sometimes miserable conditions, the Spaniel does not like to be left alone at home. Irish Water Spaniel benefits from plenty of and is a quick study. Many English Cocker exercise rain or shine, and never hesitates to Spaniels excel in dog sports and games like Appearance 19-20” (48-51 cm) jump into the nearest pond or puddle. 40-50 lb (18-23 kg) obedience, rally, agility and flyball. Medium-length, straight water-resistant Appearance 20-24” (51-61 cm) Appearance 15-17” (38-43 cm) 45-65 lb (20-30 kg) outercoat. Short, soft dense undercoat. 26-34 lb (12-16 kg) Moderate feathering. Black and white, liver Double coat with abundant hair falling in Medium-length, flat or slightly wavy, silky and white, tricolour (liver or black and white tight, crisp ringlets or waves. Solid liver. double coat. Well feathered. Various colours with tan), blue or liver roan. Quick Facts including: black, red, liver, golden, black Quick Facts Exercise Requirements and tan, tricolour, blue roan, liver roan, red Exercise Requirements Grooming roan, orange roan or lemon roan. Grooming Quick Facts ON Exercise Requirements Ruskate Reg’d, Bonnie Bristow. English Grooming History Described in 1677 as dogs with “active feet, wanton tail, and busy nostrils”, the term “spaniel” became a common name for bird-hunting dogs originating in Spain. These avid hunters spread across Europe. By 1800, spaniels had been divided into land and water spaniels, with their specific names deriving from their jobs. At first, many types might be born from the same litter, and were selected by size. The smallest were called Cocker Spaniels for their ability to hunt small fowl such as woodcock. The breed type was not set until the late 1800s.

ON Nonnies Perm. Reg’d, Vickie & Dave Umpleby. Breeding beautiful English cockers since 1997. Wonderful family pets, champion show dogs, performance and service dogs with friendly, affectionate, happy personalities, intelligence and excellent health. Puppies occasionally. VUmpleby@aol.com; (647) 388-5398

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History Early spaniels were named according to their size and the jobs they did. The smallest were Cocker Spaniels, mid-sized were Field Spaniels, and the largest were Springer Spaniels. All three sizes could be born in the same litters, and sometimes dogs would change types as they outgrew their old standards. This proved confusing at times, and in the late 1800s the three types were separated and interbreeding banned.

Springer Spaniels - Since 1989 - TemperamentPlus, Show/Companion Quality puppies - With Classic Springer Style - Written Guarantee Black and white, and liver and white raised with lots of TLC on fresh country sunshine. Like us on Facebook. 8667 10th Line Essa Township, RR#2, Barrie, Ontario, L4M 4S4 (705) 733-5768; bonniebristow@sympatico.ca; http://ruskatekennels.com; https://www.facebook.com/ Ruskate-Registered-Kennels-375095725889757

TEST YOUR DOG’S IQ! P. 64

SPANISH WATER DOG

History Like English Cocker and English Springer Spaniels, the Welsh Springer Spaniel comes from mixed birding-bred spaniel stock common to Europe in the 15th to 19th centuries. During this time, all spaniel types were interbred, with preference given to hunting ability over breed type. When litters arrived, puppies would be separated by size and type. In Wales, smaller dogs with characteristic deep red and white colouring, a more tapered head and smaller ears were called History A native of Southwestern Europe, Welsh Springers. In the late 1800s, various types of English the Spanish Water Dog’s origins are spaniel were separated and interbreeding somewhat of a mystery. Some believe that was forbidden. Over time, each breed the breed was brought over from North became unique. By 1906, the Welsh Africa by Spanish Moors, while another Springer Spaniel was officially recognized. theory suggests that it was introduced The breed came to North America in the to Spain by Turkish traders. Either way, early 1900s, but didn’t catch on and was the hardy Spanish Water Dog has two virtually extinct by the end of the Second hallmarks – his dense, curly coat, and his World War. Breed fanciers imported fresh ability to work on both land and in water. bloodlines and brought the Welsh Springer Once used primarily as a herder of sheep Spaniel back to sustainable numbers. and a retriever of waterfowl, this hardPersonality A lovely mix between hunting working dog is now a cherished member of dog and couch potato, the Welsh Springer many modern families. Spaniel is equally happy working or relaxing at home. Because he was bred Personality Adaptable and obedient, the as a birding dog, his hunting instincts are Spanish Water Dog makes a wonderful excellent. Outdoors he’s a tireless explorer. companion. He is happiest when working, He is easy to train and very attached to his and thrives in both land and water sports people, though without good socialization such as agility, herding trials and dock he can be shy of strangers. diving. Though he isn’t shy, he tends to Appearance 17-19” (43-49 cm) be wary of newcomers and strange dogs 35-45 lb (16-21 kg) and always takes it upon himself to protect Straight, flat, soft weatherproof coat. his family. Full of spunk, this breed is Moderate feathering. Rich red and white extremely eager to play and learn, but can colouring. Any pattern is acceptable. quickly switch gears into an affectionate snuggle buddy. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Appearance 15-20” (40-50 cm) Grooming 31-48 lb (14-22 kg) AB Shore’N Cliff Welsh Springer Spaniels, Bruce & Nola Stigings. Home-raised and field-bred Welsh Springer Spaniels. Bred from US & European championship bloodlines. Superb pets and amazing field dogs that flush birds. Contact us to reserve a puppy from an upcoming litter. Red Deer County. (403) 227-4632; bnstigings@live. ca; www.springerspanieldogs.ca

SPINONE ITALIANO

Spinone Italiano

ON Upland Creek Reg’d, Lawrence and Mary Labatt. Home raised and field bred Welsh Springer Spaniels. Bred for health and temperament our dogs are family pets, companionship dogs, therapy dogs, and companion gun dogs. RR 1, Concession 8, ENR, Clear Creek, ON N0E 1C0. (519) 586-8514 labatt@xplornet.com, www. uplandcreek.com (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight.)

Dense, tightly curled coat that forms cords when left unclipped. Solid white, black or chestnut, or bicoloured. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

History The Spinone Italiano, or Italian Pointer, is an ancient hunting breed popular in Italy during the 16th and 17th centuries. His great appeal even earned him a spot in Italian frescoes and paintings. As a gundog, the Spinone was a cautious and discreet hunter, famous for his excellent nose and ability to endure harsh climates and terrains. Today, the Spinone is a versatile hunter, retriever and companion dog who enjoys a variety of sports and activities. Personality The Spinone Italiano lives up to his reputation as a reliable and noble dog. This all-purpose breed is loyal, friendly, and intelligent and is good with children and other animals. The Spinone can be both playful and docile, and is happiest when spending time with his family. People of all ages are drawn to his unique appearance and many comment on his soft, almost human-like eyes. Appearance 22-27.5” (56-70 cm) 62-86 lb (28-39 kg) Coat can be flat, slightly crimped or wiry, and is tough and dense. Distinguished beard and moustache. Colours include white, white with brown or orange markings, brown roan, and brown roan with brown markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

“I want to love like a dog, with unabashed devotion and complete lack of concern about what people do for a living, how much money they have, or how much they weigh.” – Oprah Winfrey CanadianDOGS.com

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Photo: Alice Van Kempen

SPANIEL (WELSH SPRINGER)

STAFFORDSHIRE BULL TERRIER

SWEDISH VALLHUND

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

St. Bernard

ST. BERNARD

History The Hospice du Grand St. Bernard of Switzerland is home to the St. Bernard dog. Named for Bernard of Menthon, an Augustine Monk who established the monastery some 1,000 years ago as a rest point for travellers, the St. Bernard started out as a draft and guard dog in the 1600s. These large dogs were exceptional rescuers, scenting trapped travelers under several feet of snow. A combination of inbreeding, loss and disease led to the near extinction of the breed by 1830. In an effort to save it, the monks brought in other breeds like the Newfoundland, resulting in a larger and longer-coated variety of St. Bernard. Because dogs with long coats became weighted down with snow, the monks gave away their longerhaired puppies. The first breeding of St. Bernards outside the monastery began in 1855 in Switzerland, and produced both long and short-haired puppies. Today, there are three breed standards: a modified version of the 1884 standard used in the United States, the English standard, and a much revised Swiss standard developed in 1993.

Rolona’s In Love With Lily. Bred by Sylvia Barkey, Rolona Reg’d. Loved by Emily. A typical Rolona’s puppy, she brings much joy to her young owner.

History Staffordshire Bull Terriers have a long history as fighting dogs, starting in Roman times. By crossing large Mastiffs with Terriers, a smaller yet brave and fierce dog was produced that could manage bulls for butchers or hold wild boar or bear for hunters. Because of their strength and ferocity, these dogs were a favourite of bull- and bear-baiting rings, and later in the “sport” of dog fighting. When this was banned in the 1930s, Joseph Dunn preserved the breed, renaming it the Staffordshire Bull Terrier to separate it from the Bull Terrier.

History The origins of the Swedish Vallhund are uncertain. The breed is similar to the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, and some theories suggest it was brought to Wales by marauding Vikings and became the foundation of the Corgi breed. Others believe Corgis came first, and that they were brought back to Scandinavia to become the progenitors of the Vallhund. Whatever his origin, the Swedish Vallhund was a hardworking multipurpose farm dog in Sweden, and an adept drover, ratter and watchdog. Officially recognized in 1948, the breed arrived in North America in the late 1980s.

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Personality A natural showoff, the cheerful Vallhund is happy to be alive, and doesn’t hesitate to tell you. He is clever and takes to training quickly. Early socialization His fighting days over, he was selected by is important to keep the Swedish Vallhund breeders for good temperament, and the from becoming overprotective as he breed continued to be popular among the matures. He is good with other pets and working classes. Most Staffordshire Bull children as long as he is properly socialized. Terriers in North America didn’t arrive until Appearance 12-14” (30-36 cm) after the Second World War. The breed 20-35 lb (9-16 kg) Personality Big, friendly and patient with wasn’t recognized in Canada until 1952. children, the St. Bernard is truly a people Personality Gentle and playful, few would Medium-length, harsh, tight water-repellent dog. Though he can be aloof with strangers, guess at the Staffordshire Bull Terrier’s past. outercoat. Wooly, soft dense undercoat. particularly if not socialized, he generally He adores his family, especially the children, Steel grey, greyish brown, reddish yellow, loves everyone equally. As with all big dogs, and has even been nicknamed the “Nanny reddish brown, black sable with lighter early training is important when he is young Dog”. Quite intelligent, he is very capable of shading. May have white markings. as he grows quickly. learning tricks. Early socialization is beneficial, Quick Facts particularly with other dogs and animals. Appearance 2 6-36” (65-90 cm) Exercise Requirements 120-200 lb (55-91 kg) Grooming Appearance 14-16” (35-41 cm) 24-38 lb (11-17 kg) Shorthaired: coarse, smooth, dense close-lying outercoat; profuse undercoat. Short, smooth, close coat. Red, fawn, white, TIBETAN MASTIFF Longhaired: medium-length, plain to black, blue, brindle, may be mixed with white. slightly wavy outercoat; profuse undercoat. Quick Facts Neck ruff. Red and white in various shades of red and varying amounts of each colour, Exercise Requirements Grooming brindle and white. White markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Shorthaired Longhaired

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ON Barkey Sylvia, Barkey Rolona Reg’d. Breeder of the most-titled Stafford in the world. Rolona has been producing winners both in the show ring and more importantly in family homes since 1976. Toad Hall, RR 6, Claremont, ON L1Y 1A3. (905) 649-3718; email: sybarkey@ gmail.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

History The Tibetan Mastiff is the consummate guardian – the protector of his family, home and livestock. These dogs are famous for their role as sentinels of

Appearance 10” (25 cm) 9-15 lb (4-7 kg) Silky outercoat. Fine dense undercoat. All colours and combinations acceptable.

Personality The Tibetan Mastiff displays affection only to his family since his role is to protect. He is intelligent and independent. The puppies are quite playful so this is the perfect time to socialize them. The Tibetan Mastiff is powerful, and while he does not need rigorous exercise, he does need “purpose”, and a fenced yard is a must. Appearance 2 4-26”(61-66cm) 75-160 lb (34-72.5 kg) Weather-resistant, double coat. Black, black and tan, or golden. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

TIBETAN SPANIEL

History The Tibetan Spaniel is not a true spaniel but shares ancestry with other Oriental lap dogs such as Pekingese, Shih Tzu and Lhasa Apso. Tibetan monks kept them as watchdogs and companions. Legend suggests Tibetan Spaniels were trained to turn the monks’ prayer wheels. Considered lucky, the dogs were never sold, and very rarely given as gifts. Though one or two may have left the monasteries before the 20th century, the first Tibetan Spaniels to come to Great Britain were brought by medical missionaries in the 1920s. Tibetan Spaniels came to North America in the mid-1960s and were finally recognized in 1983. Personality A born watchdog, the Tibetan Spaniel loves to find a high place to watch and warn his family. He is very attached to his owners, but also independent in nature. Playful and very intelligent, the Tibetan Spaniel gets much of his exercise playing games with his people. Lots of

TOY FOX TERRIER

Photo: Aisha Reg’d – Cathy French

Quick Facts The Dalai Lama presented a pair of them Exercise Requirements to U.S. President Eisenhower in the 1950s, Grooming and the breed finally got established in North America in the 1970s. TIBETAN TERRIER

Terriers are extremely versatile dogs, capable of activities such as obedience, rally, agility and conformation as our dogs have demonstrated. (306) 789-0006; delormegp@sasktel.net; http:// aishatibetanterriers.ca

Toy Fox Terrier

socialization is important to accustom him to different people and places.

History The Toy Fox Terrier is a North American darling. The breed originated in the U.S., when breeders crossed the Smooth Fox Terrier with various toy breeds, including the Chihuahua, Miniature Pinscher, and History This storied breed originated Manchester Terrier. The resulting breed in the Lost Valley of Tibet. Considered retained the game instincts of the terrier and a holy dog that bestowed good fortune, the more mellow characteristics and smaller the Tibetan Terrier was not to be sold, size of the toy breeds. only presented as a gift. This breed is not Personality The blend of toy and terrier a terrier, however. Descending from the ancient North Kunlun Mountain Dog and breeds makes the Toy Fox Terrier a wellInner Mongolian Dog, the Tibetan Terrier rounded dog. This little lap dog has the was a robust herder of sheep; perhaps devotion and affection of the toy breeds and his size and agility suggested a terrier the athletic hunting instincts of the terriers. bloodline. As well as herding, this breed Highly energetic and intelligent, this dog provided protection and companionship easily masters tricks and loves to entertain. for Tibetan monks. Toy Fox Terriers are very social and love to It was the Dalai Lama who presented a spend time engaging in activities with their Western doctor with some “TTs”, and along families. Their independent streaks mean with other pups she’d received from a they can be finicky, but it also means they patient, Dr. Agnes Grieg established a kennel have distinct and unique personalities. Toy in her native England. There, the Tibetan Fox Terriers are very well-suited to high Terrier was formally recognized in 1937. agility sports, such as Frisbee and flyball. In North America, the Tibetan Terrier Their size and friendly temperament make gained notice in the 1970s. They likely them good travelling companions. contributed to other Tibetan breeds that enjoy popularity today, namely the Lhasa Appearance 8.5-11.5” (21.5-29 cm) 3.5-7 lb (1.5-3 kg) Apso and the Shih Tzu. Personality The Tibetan Terrier is a quick, Short, flat coat that requires little grooming. intelligent student, so stimulating training Slight neck ruff. Coat is usually glossy and keeps him from getting bored. Good with predominately white. Tricolour (black, tan, children, cheerful and loyal, he makes as fine white or chocolate, tan, white), as well as a companion in a city condo as he does in the white and tan or white and black blends. countryside. Naturally protective, he likes to Can also be all white. Erect, pointed ears. bark, but less so than most true terriers. Quick Facts Appearance 14-16” (34-41 cm) Exercise Requirements 18-30 lb (8-13.5 kg) Grooming Thick, long outer coat in any colour or combination of colours. Nose must be black. AB Large, round feet act as winter “snowshoes”. Roeders TFT’s Perm. Reg’d, Cynthia Roeder. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

SK Aisha Reg’d, Pat Delorme. 40+ years breeding and showing Tibetan Terriers for excellence in temperament, soundness and type. Tibetan

Reg’d with CKC/UKC/AKC with White/Black and Tri-colour TFT’s. We raise show and home pets. Raised among our family and are very comical in their own right. Being great for all performances Agility/Rally Obedience/ Conformation/Obedience. Or if you just want someone to snuggle up with you they are great at that. (403) 580-2577; roederstft@hotmail.com

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PUREBRED

Tibetan monasteries. During Marco Polo’s 13th century explorations, he recorded seeing “dogs as big as donkeys”. It is this sturdy, ancient breed that engendered the Newfoundland, the Great Pyrenees, the Dogue de Bordeaux and the Great Dane. In the late 1800s, Queen Victoria received a Tibetan Mastiff as a gift.

History The Vizsla is one the oldest sporting and birding dogs – the breed has been documented as early as the mid-13th century. Used by the nomadic Magyar tribes of the Russian Steppes, the Vizsla is a hunter, pointer and retriever rolled into one. Over the centuries, various hounds and pointers were added to the foundation Vizsla stock. Vizslas were companions to early Hungarian warlords, barons and kings. This aristocratic connection made the Vizsla a target during the many upheavals that ripped across Hungary, and the breed nearly became extinct after World War II. Several fleeing aristocrats smuggled their precious dogs and pedigree records out of the country. Modern Vizslas are descended from these refugees, who were established in kennels in Europe and North America. In 1987, a Vizsla captured the first triple American championship for conformation, field trial and obedience. Personality Naturally energetic, the noble Vizsla is a hunter at heart, and requires lots of exercise to keep happy. He gets along with other dogs and animals, and can be excellent with older children. Active socialization at a young age can be beneficial. Appearance 21-25” (53-64 cm) 44-66 lb (20-30 kg) Short, smooth, dense close-lying coat. Shades of golden rust. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Chukar Reg’d, Ildiko & Garry Hughes. Since 1986. We pride ourselves on home-raised, wellsocialized, happy and healthy puppies. Fully guaranteed. Truly versatile for show, hunting or best friend. 8066 5th Line, RR 1, Angus, ON L0M 1B1. (705) 424-0502. chukarkennels@gmail.com Onpoint Perm Reg’d, John Reid and Kevin Lavoie. With over 35 years of experience, we breed Vizsla’s with the family in mind, for hunting, and field companions, we are Canada’s only kennel to win five US National Field Championships. Our puppies, born and raised in our home, come with a five-year written

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WEIMARANER

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

VIZSLA (WIRE-HAIRED)

Rowdie, pictured above, champion of hearts. Onpoint Vizsla’s, are winners of five US National Field Championships and bred to standard as our belief is that form follows function. Bred and owned by Onpoint Vizsla’s, Kevin Lavoie. www.onpointvizslas.com

PUREBRED

health guarantee. Ancaster. ON. (647) 8245227 onpointvizslakennels@gmail.com; www. onpointvizslas.com (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Vizsla (Smooth)

VIZSLA (SMOOTH)

History A truly exclusive breed, the Weimaraner was created by the Grand Duke Karl August of Weimar, Germany, as an allpurpose gun dog for the nobility. Perfected around 1810, the breed was a closely guarded treasure, with breeding and ownership strictly History A dog of Hungarian origin, the protected. The Weimaraner was recognized Wire-Haired Vizsla was developed through in Germany in 1896, and its breed club the early to mid-1900s by breeding the formed a year later. Ownership was restricted Vizsla and the German Coarse-Haired to club members. Setter. Though the Smooth-Coated Vizsla made an excellent hunting dog, hunters In the 1920s, American Howard Knight wanted a breed with a thicker coat and became a member of the club and brought a breeding pair to the U.S. The breed more solid build to withstand colder continued exclusive until the 1940s, temperatures. The Wire-Haired Vizsla was when its skill as a gun dog brought it to soon recognized for his keen nose and the public’s eye. Modern Weimaraners excellent swimming and pointing skills. continue to be excellent athletes with many World War II nearly caused the extinction top dogs having championships in both the of both forms of the Vizsla breed, but show ring and the field. breeding continued and the Wire-Haired Vizsla was preserved. It was brought to Personality Quick to learn, the North America nearly two decades later, Weimaraner is an energetic dog who can handle many situations. He is friendly, where it was recognized as a breed in 1977. obedient and affectionate with his family. Personality The Wire-Haired Vizsla As an athlete, nothing makes him happier is a sensitive dog that responds well to than lots of exercise and attention from his training. A positive approach is best, as people. The Weimaraner makes a loving he is sensitive to punishment. The Vizsla and enjoyable companion. loves to swim and participate in other Appearance 22-28” (57-70 cm) outdoor activities. He typically bonds 55-88 lb (25-40 kg) closely to his family, and can develop separation anxiety if not properly Shorthaired: short, dense and smooth. Longhaired: long, flat or slightly wavy. socialized from a young age and exercised Solid in colour ranging from mouse-grey regularly. Extremely loyal, the Vizsla will to silver-grey. protect when necessary, but is generally very affectionate. Due to his versatility, Quick Facts this breed also excels in field trials and Exercise Requirements Grooming: Shorthaired obedience competitions. Longhaired Appearance 21-25” (53-64 cm) ON 48.5-66 lb (22-30 kg) Almamater Reg’d. Top quality pups. Over 25

Tough, wiry, close-lying coat with years of experience. We pride ourselves in prominent, bushy eyebrows and beard. producing family raised Weimaraners found in the show ring, obedience trials, agility, or Dark, sandy yellow. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

NEED HELP UNDERSTANDING YOUR DOG’S FOOD LABEL? FLIP TO P. 20.

on the couch! Our goal with each litter is to produce healthy, mentally sound, goodlooking puppies, hard workers but who can relax in front of the fireplace at home when the day is done! Pups come vet checked with first set of shots, dewormed, health clearence, microchipped, CKC registered and lifetime of breeder support. We are members of CKC, Weimaraner Assoc. of Canada and Weimaraner Club of America. Am Can Gr. Ch stud service available. MILTON, ON L0P1J0. Gisela Tundis (905) 805-1378; giselatundis@yahoo.com; www.amweimaraners.com

WELSH CORGI (PEMBROKE)

WELSH TERRIER

History With a history that may date back to 1,000 BC, the Welsh Corgi’s name probably derives from the Celtic word for dog, “corgi”. Others believe the name comes from a combination of “cor” (dwarf) and “gi” (dog). Corgi were used as cattle dogs. They herded cows with a technique called heeling; their short stature allowed them to nip at the cows’ heels without being kicked.

History Theories about the origin of Welsh Corgis abound. One suggests they might have been Vallhunds who arrived with the Vikings; another that Vallhunds descend from Corgis taken as spoils during Viking raids. Corgis were used by the Celts as cattle dogs. By nipping at the heels of cows, Corgis drove them further apart, spreading them across the countryside and helping the Welsh lay claim to larger stretches of common land. Later, traditional herding dogs were needed to keep the herd together, and the Welsh Corgi lost his job.

History The Welsh Terrier likely inherited his bold spirit from the Old English Terrier, an ancient black-and-tan dog esteemed for hunting otter, fox and badger. From this strain, Welsh hunters developed a dog with longer legs and a wider girth. Early British sporting prints of the 1700s show dogs of this description. But in the 19th century show ring, all Old English Terriers fell under the same classification – at least until 1888 when a sturdy, long-legged dog named Dick Turpin outshone his competitors and the Welsh claimed him as one of their own. The Kennel Club concurred, and Welsh Terrier fanciers have Dick Turpin’s DNA to thank for the handsome, whiskered gent they admire today.

The Welsh Corgi comes in two types: the Cardigan (long-tailed) and the Pembroke (tailless). Cardigan Welsh Corgis are stockier and longer than the Pembroke type. The Cardigan also has larger rounder ears and comes in a wider range of acceptable colours. Personality The Cardigan Welsh Corgi is an intelligent dog who is easy to train and loves to have a job. He is devoted to his family, and loves to spend time with them as much as possible. Early socialization helps him deal with unfamiliar situations and makes him safe with children. Cardigan Welsh Corgis do well in a variety of living situations, as long as they get adequate exercise and attention.

Welsh Corgis continued as popular farm pets, though, and Queen Elizabeth II owns several, all descendants of a pair of puppies given by King George VI to his daughters. Personality The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is playful and affectionate, bonding closely with his people. He is an athletic dog, and enjoys long walks and the mental stimulation of dog sports. He is responsive and enthusiastic about training, learning quickly and retaining what he learns.

Appearance 10-13” (27-32 cm) 25-38 lb (11-17 kg)

Appearance 10-12” (25-31 cm) 20-30 lb (9-13.5 kg)

Short or medium-length, dense, slightly harsh weather resistant outercoat. Short, soft thick undercoat. Slight ruff. Any colour, with or without white markings.

Longish coarse outercoat. Short, thick weather-resistant undercoat. Red, sable, fawn, or black and tan. May have white markings.

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

WELSH SPRINGER SPANIEL

Welsh Terrier

WELSH CORGI (CARDIGAN)

Personality Lively and curious, the Welsh Terrier thrives with an active family who enjoys sharing his energy. His eager, intelligent mind responds to positive, short bursts of regular training. Socialization from an early age will keep the Welsh Terrier well-mannered and confident. He benefits, too, from having a large, safe yard. When he is played-out, the Welsh Terrier wants nothing more than to relax with his people. Appearance 15” (38 cm) 20-21 lb (9-9.5 kg) Wiry, close, abundant coat. Black-and-tan, or black, grizzle-and-tan coat. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

PUREBRED

-See Spaniel (Welsh Springer)

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West Highland White Terrier

WEST HIGHLAND WHITE TERRIER

YORKSHIRE TERRIER

WHIPPET

History One of several short-legged terriers bred in Scotland, the West Highland White Terrier, or Westie, originated some 300 years ago. Breeders selected white puppies from their litters and crossed them together to produce an all-white terrier whose colour would distinguish him from the terrain and game. The Westie we know came from a line of white terriers bred by the Malcolm family in Poltalloch, Argyllshire. A second strain of terriers was bred by the Duke of Argyll in Roseneath. “Poltalloch Terriers” and “Roseneath Terriers” were shown together; judges favoured the Poltalloch dogs and they became the recognized breed type. Colonel Malcolm came up with a new name for the breed in 1907 – the West Highland White Terrier. Westies came to North America in 1906, and were recognized in 1908. Personality Despite his cute looks, the Westie is all terrier. He is hardy and spunky, with lots of energy and “big dog” attitude. Like most terriers he is a good watch dog. The Westie is a quick study and loves to learn new tricks. He does very well in sports like agility and obedience. Appearance 10-11” (25-28 cm) 15-22 lb (7-10 kg) Straight, harsh outercoat. Short, soft close undercoat. White. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

RARE BREED

our children. Puppies go to their new homes at 8 weeks; dewormed, vet checked, microchipped, first set of shots, 30 days of pet insurance, a health guarantee and lifetime breeder support. 295159 8th Line, Amaranth, ON L9W 0K1. (519) 925-2827; info@cedarcreekkennels.ca; www. cedarcreekkennels.ca

ON ALBA Reg’d. Top quality pups. Over 25 years of experience. We pride ourselves in producing family raised Westies found in the show ring, obedience trials, agility, or on the couch! Our goal with each litter is to produce healthy, mentally sound, good-looking puppies, hard workers but who can relax in front of the fireplace at home when the day is done! Pups come vet checked with first set of shots, dewormed, microchipped, CKC registered and lifetime of breeder support. We are members of CKC, Canadian West Highland White Terrier club. MILTON, ON L0P1J0. Gisela Tundis (905) 805-1378; giselatundis@yahoo.com; www. albawesties.ca Cedar Creek Reg’d, Laryssa Sawyer. We’re a small family kennel located just over an hour north of Toronto. Puppies are raised in our home with

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RBIS Can/Am Champion Oz’s Storm Chaser. Chase is a top Yorkie in Canada and the Select Dog winner at Westminster 2018. Bred/Owned by Loreta Serafini.

History Also known as the “poor man’s racehorse”, the Whippet’s origins stem from the sport of setting “snapdogs” after rabbit. These snapdogs were released in a small pit where they were timed to see how quickly they could dispatch several rabbits. By crossing terriers with small greyhounds, breeders produced an agile and capable dog that soon dominated the sport. When it was banned, Whippets were used in lure or “rag” racing. When Lancashire textile workers immigrated to New England in the early 1900s, they brought their Whippets, and the sport of lure coursing, with them. The Whippet can run up to 35 miles an hour. Personality Though a racing Whippet is the perfect picture of speed, he is an easygoing and relaxed individual, always ready to curl up on the couch and snuggle. He is attached to his people and gets along with children, strangers and other dogs. Outdoors, it is important to keep him in a safely enclosed area or on a leash. Appearance 17-22” (44-56 cm) 25-40 lb (11-18 kg) Short, smooth fine coat. Any colour or combination of colours is acceptable. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

legend Very minimal Minimal Average

History Some believe the Yorkshire Terrier is a cross of Maltese, Skye Terriers, Manchester Terriers and possibly Dandie Dinmont Terriers. Others say the documentation points to a mixture of three now-extinct breeds: the Clydesdale Terrier (a silken type of Skye Terrier), the Waterside Terrier, and the Old English Terrier (toy-size with a rough and broken coat). First known as Broken Haired Scotch Terriers, the Yorkshire Terrier acquired its current name in 1874. Yorkshire Terriers quickly gained popularity throughout England and North America. The story credited for bringing the breed into the limelight involves William Wynne and a Yorkshire Terrier he found in a shell hole near New Guinea during World War II. Wynne named the dog Smokey and backpacked with him through 12 sea rescue missions and 150 air raids. Personality Energetic and full of life, the Yorkshire Terrier is a bold and tenacious dog whose personality outweighs his tiny size. He is brave and loyal, attached to his family and prepared to defend it with his voice. Early socialization and consistent training are essential. Appearance 6-7” (15-18 cm) under 7 lb (3 kg) Long, straight, silky fine coat. Steel blue and tan. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON OZ Yorkshire Terriers, Loreta Serafini. Breeding for over 25 years. Over 50 Canadian Champions, 20+ American Champions, 3x Winner of Canadian National Specialty and 1x Winner of American National Specialty. Written Health Guarantees and lifetime breeder support for puppy buyers. (905) 845-0526; ozyt@cogeco.ca (See our advertisement in the Breeder Spotlight and our Breed Ambassador Advertisement above.)

READ THESE DOG

More than average

TOY SAFETY TIPS!

Maximum

P. 14

Rare breeds typically have breed clubs or associations and are working toward official recognition by one of Canada’s registering organizations, e.g. Canadian Kennel Club. They may be recognized by other official organizations outside of Canada.

History This delightful toy breed originated in Bologna, Italy but much of the breed’s past is unknown, since it’s tangled up with the history of related breeds such as the Maltese. The dogs were generally cultivated as pets for the upper class, and presented as cherished gifts to help establish trade and good relations with European noblemen. In one well known example of this, the Duke d’Este gave two Bolognese dogs to King Philip II of Spain in the late 1500s. Pleased with his gift, the King replied “these two little dogs are the most royal gifts one can make to an emperor”.

Jago Vom Grenzwall. NAVHDA field tested. Prize 1 Natural Ability in versatility. Bred by Von Der Linde Reg’d. Owned by Ralf Bothe. RR 2, Queensville, ON. www.smallmunsterlanders.net

History The Kleiner Münsterländer Vorstehhund originated 500 years ago in Münsterländer, northwest Germany, where they were used to retrieve birds killed by falcons. Over time, as bird dogs became more specialized, the Kleiner (or Small) Münsterländer’s versatility was less valued, and the breed nearly died out. This changed when commoners were allowed to hunt freely, and a small dog that could hunt both bird and small game became an The breed didn’t arrive in North essential source of food and income. The Kleiner Münsterländers’ flexibility and America until the 1980s. Here, the dogs aptitude for hunting made them highly are loved for their docile personalities valuable to their owners, who kept them and are prized as companions. close to home and family. Personality Cute and cuddly, the While the breed remains rare, its Bolognese is a fun and loyal pet. He does recognition as a versatile and effective need regular exercise but is fairly laid back hunting and birding dog as well as a kind and serious for a toy breed. While he will and even-tempered family pet continue to alert to strangers, he is not a big barker and bring it a new popularity. quickly warms to new people once he gets Personality Happy and outgoing, the Kleiner to know them. Münsterländer is an exceptional hunting Appearance 9-12” (25-30 cm) 5-9 lb (2.5-4 kg)

Long fluffy coat, slightly shorter on the muzzle. White in colour. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

ON Von Der Linde Reg’d, Ralf Bothe. Breeder of premium Small Münsterländers. German imports of high performance breeding of the truly versatile German hunting dog. Specializing in pointing, tracking and retrieving and a great family pet! Started gun dogs available on request. NAVHDA NA tested. Training and assistance available on site. 21133 Kennedy Rd, RR2, Queensville, ON L0G 1R0. (905) 473-9395; ralf.bothe@xplornet.com; www.smallmunsterlanders.net (See our Breed Ambassador Advertisement at left.)

MINIATURE AMERICAN SHEPHERD

History To appreciate the story of the Miniature American Shepherd, it helps to remember that its Australian Shepherd forerunners were developed in the U.S., not Australia. These herding dogs tended sheep with great skill, and it was the livestock that came from “Down Under”, not the dog.

In the late 1960s, some smaller-sized Australian Shepherds found their way to a California dog breeder. Doris Cordova liked their compact size, and bred more “Mini Aussies.” They worked as diligently as their larger counterparts, and the breed found favour. Miniature Australian Shepherds were registered with rare-breed organizations dog. He works closely with his handler, and until 2011, when the American Kennel Club then happily returns home to relax with his FSS (Foundation Stock Service) granted family. Eager to please, and quite intelligent, them a new name: the Miniature American the Münsterländer is quick to learn. He Shepherd. The breed was first recognized is successful in a variety of dog sports like by the AKC in 2012, and is on track to obedience and agility. receive full Canadian Kennel Club breed recognition. In the meantime, the Miniature Appearance 20-22” (52-54 cm) American Shepherds of Canada (MASCAN) 33-64 lb (15-29 kg) is the premier club for Miniature American Medium-length, dense, close-lying, water Shepherd dogs in the country. repellent coat. Brown-white or brown roan with brown patches, brown mantle, or Personality Eye-catching for its size, there is nothing diminished about the breed’s brown ticking. intelligence and drive. The Miniature Quick Facts American Shepherd loves to accomplish Exercise Requirements the task set before him – be it herding, Grooming Miniature American Shepherd continued on page 144. CanadianDOGS.com 143

RARE BREED

KLEINER MÜNSTERLÄNDER (AKA SMALL MÜNSTERLÄNDER)

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

BOLOGNESE

Miniature American Shepherd

RARE BREEDS

Appearance 1 3-18” (33-46 cm) 20-31 lb (9-14 kg) Double coat. Blue merle, red merle, solid black, or solid red. All colours accepted with or without white markings and/or tan points. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming Requirements

History Australian Shepherds are not truly native to Australia, but when Basque shepherds immigrated there they brought their Pyrenean Shepherd dogs with them to herd Australian sheep. These dogs were crossed with other herding breeds such as the Collie and Border Collie to produce the Australian Shepherd. Eventually, in the 1840s, these shepherd dogs came to North America, where their efficient herding ability made them popular with Americans, particularly in the West. In the 1960s a breeder named Doris Cordova purchased several small working Australian Shepherds. Liking their small size, she bred them together, striving for a miniature version that stood consistently less than 18” tall. Other breeders took a liking to the little Aussies, and by 1990 the breed had its own breed club. Today, breeders of Miniature Australian Shepherds strive to maintain their working ability.

RARE BREED

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming ON Emberview Toy Aussie’s. Emberview Toy Aussie’s. “Special things come in Small Packages”. Intelligent, hardworking, versatile, and loyal family pet, the Aussie is a real looker coming in the Toy and Mini Sizes and comes in a variety of colours from Black & Red Tri’s to Blue & Red Merles. Raised in our homes. Parents have had their genetic testing done & come with a health guarantee. Make your next adventure an “Aussie”. Contact Karyn: (519) 374-5813; rodeo@ehtel.ca; Cathy (519) 3237323; snswhyte@hotmail.com.

Personality A working dog at heart, the Miniature Australian Shepherd remains an active and capable athlete who excels at sports like agility or competitive obedience. He is a smart and friendly dog who loves to please. Appearance 14-18” (35-46 cm) 20-40 lb (9-18 kg)

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming: Smooth

SHILOH SHEPHERD

History The Shiloh Shepherd is a very new breed developed by Tina Barber in the early 1970s. Having grown up around German Shepherds, Barber sought a return to the large, square-bodied physique she remembered in Germany. She set out to create her ideal dog – one who was smart, loyal and easy to train, while being strong History The true ancestry of this breed is enough to herd and guard, and gentle unknown, but one common belief is that enough to trust with children. She focused the Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka (translation on both soundness of body and mind. – coloured lapdogs) is descended from Barber’s efforts were very successful, and the French Bolonka brought into Russia demand for her “new” breed of Shepherds by Napoleon’s army and those Bichon grew. By 1990, the shepherds from her Frises gifted to Russian nobility towards Shiloh kennel proved to differ enough the end of the Renaissance period. When from classic German Shepherds that she the French army retreated, the little dogs, formed the International Shiloh Shepherd including Bichons, Shih Tzus and long- Registry and lobbied for the acceptance of haired Yorkshire Terriers, became the the Shiloh Shepherd by the American Rare foundation stock for this breed. Russia’s Breed Association. utilitarian attitude toward dogs (for herding and hunting) made the toy dogs rare and Personality Bred to compete in prestigious. In the 1960s, post-Khrushchev, Schutzhund trials in the morning, babysit the Soviet Union loosened restrictions on the kids in the afternoon, and guide the dog breeding, resulting in more toy breeds. blind in the evening, the Shiloh Shepherd is an intelligent dog who works hard Personality The Bolonka is a happy-go- and wants to be your best friend. He is lucky, even-tempered dog that bonds deeply easy to train, and can learn anything set with his family but loves to be best friends before him. A workaholic at heart, the Shiloh with everyone he meets, including children Shepherd is happiest when he has a job to and other animals. This dog’s versatile do, and can easily excel in many jobs. personality means he will eagerly participate in group activities, but is also content to sit on Appearance 26-32” (66-82 cm) 100-160 lb (45-73 kg) the sidelines. Often described as a “bundle of joy”, the Bolonka is very affectionate and Plush: medium-coarse outercoat; soft trusting, but he’s no pushover since he often undercoat; mane. Smooth: medium-length, thinks he’s bigger than he is. Walking and dense, close-lying outercoat; undercoat; mane. playing are the Bolonka’s preferred forms of Golden, silver, red, dark brown, dark grey, black exercise, which makes these dogs great for sable, black, white, shades of black with tan, both city and country. golden tan, reddish tan, silver or cream.

Moderate length, straight to wavy, weather resistant outercoat and undercoat. Blue merle, red (liver) merle, solid black, solid red Appearance 9.5-10” (24-26 cm) 8-10 lb (3.5-4.5 kg) (liver). With or without white markings or tan (copper) points. 144

Silky, thick, soft outercoat with dense undercoat. Dense outercoat often forming waves or curls. Long fur on both face and body, with beard and moustache requires daily grooming. All colours except white.

RUSSIAN TSVETNAYA BOLONKA

MINIATURE AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD

Photo: Alice Van Kempen

Miniature Australian Shepherd

Miniature American Shepherd competing at flyball, or minding the children. This loyal family dog adapts to city or rural living, providing a mental and physical challenge is at hand.

CANADIAN DOGS ANNUAL 2022

Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

White Shepherd

WHITE SHEPHERD

Dog

SPEAK Personality The White Shepherd is known for being intelligent and hard working. He is best suited for an active household, especially one where he can spend a lot of time outdoors in the company of his family. Due to his protective qualities, the White Shepherd can be hesitant around strangers. Slow introductions and early socialization will help him let his guard down. Constant stimulation through tasks and training is also important, as he prefer to stay busy. While he makes a great companion for all members of the family, including children and other dogs, the White Shepherd tends to favour one master. Positive training will help guide his behaviour in the direction you choose. Appearance 22-26” (55-66 cm) 60-85 lb (27-39 kg) Medium-length outercoat is dense, straight and flat-lying. Undercoat is fine but dense. White or white with cream markings. Quick Facts Exercise Requirements Grooming

“Everyone thinks they have the best dog. And none of them are wrong.” – W.R. Purche

Use this handy translator to determine some of the more common terms and acronyms: Reg’d

Perm. Reg’d

eans a kennel name M is registered with an accepted registry M eans a kennel is permanently registered

TSH

vWD

T hyroid stimulating hormone – a test to determine hypothyroidism v on Willebrand’s disease – a bleeding disorder that affects some breeds

HEALTH-RELATED BAER

B rain Auditory Evoked Response. Measures the brain wave activity that occurs in response to clicks or certain tones. Certifies hearing. CERF Canine Eye Registration Foundation. Tracks and records ocular diseases in dogs and maintains databases on known conditions and predispositions. Certifies vision. Genotype Refers to a dog in the sense of his genetic composition HD H ip dysplasia is affected by heredity and environmental factors. Sires and dams in breeds known for HD should be X-rayed clear. OFFA O rthopedic Foundation for Animals. Tracks and records information pertaining to genetic and orthopedic diseases. www.offa.org Phenotype Refers to the collective appearance of a dog, based on physical and psychological traits PennHIP The University of Pennsylvania Hip Improvement Program. Performed by veterinarians specially trained in the procedure. This method determines hip joint laxity, which can then be used to predict the likelihood of an individual developing hip dysplasia. www. pennhip.org

REGISTRIES AKC

A merican Kennel Club (U.S.-based) ARBA A merican Rare Breeds Association: the American equivalent to CRBA CBCA Canadian Border Collie Association CKC Canadian Kennel Club CRBA Canadian Rare Breeds Association FCI Fédération Cynologique Internationale (Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia and Australia) UKC United Kennel Club TITLES BIF

BIS

BISS

BPIS

HIT

est in Field – the top B coursing hound at a trial B est in Show – the best dog at a conformation show B est in Specialty Show – the best dog at a specialty show B est Puppy in Show – the best puppy at a conformation show High in Trial – the best performer at an obedience trial

TEMPERAMENT CGC

anine Good Citizen C – determines if a dog is well trained and obedient in public T emperament Tested – shows if a dog has stable temperament

CanadianDOGS.com

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RARE BREED

History German Shepherd Dogs with white coats started appearing in the late 1800s. These puppies were sought out by farmers and shepherds to protect their flocks, as their white hair made it easier to tell them apart from predators – particularly wolves. By the early 1990s, White Shepherds were bred by selection for this purpose. Soon after, the White Shepherd became a popular choice in North American households. Today, he is recognized as a rare herding breed that makes a great companion and protector.

SPOTLIGHT INDEX

WELCOME TO OUR BREEDER SPOTLIGHT! Buying a puppy is an exciting time. But it’s important to research the breed that’s right for your lifestyle and your family situation. That’s where reputable breeders can help. Unlike puppy mills, which provide substandard care for their breeding animals, and produce puppies prone to health issues, reputable breeders care deeply about their litters, and want to find the right match for you and their puppies. In this section, we turn the spotlight onto various breeders, who wish to share information on their dogs and kennels with you. The breeds are listed alphabetically, as much as possible. Please note these are advertisements paid for by the breeders and/or kennels.

CHINESE-SHAR-PEI Periwrinkles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p147

DALMATIAN Dalmatians — Highlighted Breeders in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p148 Winterspear Kennels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p149

GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG Burgimwald German. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p150

HAVANESE Misty Trails/Elite Havanese Reg’d. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p151

POODLE (STANDARD) Serensil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p151

PORTUGUESE WATER DOG MacDuff Reg’d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p152

RETRIEVER (GOLDEN) Blackpool Perm. Reg’d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p153 Makani Meadows Reg’d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p153

SOFT-COATED WHEATEN TERRIER Rathbrum Wheatens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p154

WELSH SPRINGER SPANIEL Upland Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p153

YORKSHIRE TERRIER Oz Yorkshire Terriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p155

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SPOTLIGHT

Chinese Shar-Pei

Dalmatian

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Dalmatian

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German Shepherd

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Havanese/Poodle (Standard)

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Portuguses Water Dog

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Retriever (Golden)/Welsh Springer Spaniel

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Soft-coated Weaton Terrier

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SPOTLIGHT

Yorkshire Terrier

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Find the

10 differences

ANSWER

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