By: Jessica Canastuj 10th Accounting Key No. 2
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INDEX Marketing ................................................................................................ 3 Presentation .......................................................................................... 5 Personal summaries ................................................................................. 6 The different sectors of the economy ...................................................... 6 Production.......................................................................................... 7 Reflective essay ...................................................................................... 8 Partial test ........................................................................................... 9 Pictionary ........................................................................................... 10 Appendix ............................................................................................. 15 Commercial english ................................................................................... 19 Personal summaries ............................................................................... 21 Subject verb agreement....................................................................... 21 Capitalization .................................................................................... 24 The period ........................................................................................ 25 Numbers .......................................................................................... 26 Transition words ................................................................................ 27 Reflective essay .................................................................................... 28 Scanned and proofread documents ............................................................ 29 Pictionary ........................................................................................... 34 Appendix ............................................................................................. 38
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Marketing 3
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PRESENTATION The Three Sectors of Economy
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PERSONAL SUMMARIES The Different Sectors of the Economy In the 20th century, the economy was described as consisting of three sectors: PRIMARY SECTOR: It consist in the first step of the process of producing something. Agriculture, and the extraction of raw materials from the earth. SECONDARY SECTOR: The manufacturing industry, in which raw materials are turned into finished products. TERTIARY SECTOR: Or service sector, is the commercial services that help industry produce and distribute goods to their final consumers, as well as activities such as education, healthcare, leisure, tourism, etc.
Some people also thinks the process have a: QUATERNARY SECTOR: Consisting of information services such as computing, Information and communication technologies, consultancy, and research and development. News media, libraries, universities and colleges, and intellectual activities including culture generally.
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Production CAPACITY AND INVENTORY Operation managers have to decide where to manufacture different products, how much productive capacity their factories and plants should have, and how much inventory to maintain.
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REFLECTIVE ESSAY What I learned in this unit? In this unit I learned many topics in Marketing, I learned about the sectors of economy, how are they divided and how they function in the production of every product. Also thanks to the presentation that my classmates and I did about different products and the explanation of the teacher now I can recognize and classify the activities that making a product take. In this unit I also learned some new words that I didn’t know related with the production activities.
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PARTIAL TEST Commercial English & Marketing
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PICTIONARY WORD
DEFINITION A qualified accountant and a member of the management
FINANCE MANAGER
team. He monitor the financial performance of the company. Is in charge of the
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGER
development and training of the managers, he make sure they all do their jobs well. He is in charge of supervise
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
and know about what’s going on in all the different parts of the company. In in charge of the computer
CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER
system and information technology, and how they affect all parts of the organization. Is in charge of buildup project
DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
teams, provide them with the resources they need, check they’re meeting targets and working within their budgets.
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PICTURE
Is involved in every aspect of the work, setting up
PERSONAL ASSISTANT
meetings, organizing travels and dealing with routine correspondence. Is in charge of market the
MARKETING CONSUSLTANT
product of the company and gives advices for the creation of it.
MARKETING
RECRUITMENT
ACCOUNTANT
EASING
Put new products on sale.
Finding new staff for the company.
Person who looks after financial records.
Reducing, making easier.
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PROJECT TEAM
Groups of people who work together on a project.
Objectives which a company
TARGETS
or team decides it wants to reach.
BUDGET
MEETING DEADLINES
Money which is reserved for a particular activity.
Doing things within the correct time.
It consist in the first step of
PRIMARY SECTOR
the process of producing something. Is the manufacturing
SECONDARY SECTOR
industry, in which raw materials are turned into finished products.
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Are the commercial services
TERTIARY SECTOR
that help industry produce and distribute goods to their final consumers.
Consisting of information services such as computing,
QUARTENARY SECTOR
Information and communication technologies, etc.
Is a company’s reserves of
INVENTORY
raw materials, parts, work in process, and finished products.
Is any of the pieces or parts
COMPONENT
that make up a product or machine.
Is the maximum rate of
CAPACITY
output that can be achieved from a production process.
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Is a collective word for all the buildings, machines,
PLANT
equipment, and other facilities used in the production process.
LOCATION
The geographical situation of a factory or other facility. Is a network of organizations
SUPPLY CHAIN
involved in producing and delivering goods or a service. Means buying products or
OUTSOURCING
processed materials form other companies rather than manufacturing them.
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
The cost savings arising from large-scale production.
The time needed to perform
LEAD TIME
an activity such as manufacturing a product or delivering it to a customer.
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APPENDIX PRIMARY SECTOR
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SECONDARY SECTOR
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TERTIARY SECTOR
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Commercial English 19
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PERSONAL SUMMARIES Subject Verb Agreement THE NOUN S
By adding an S to the end of a singular noun, the noun becomes plural. If a noun already ends in S or CH, SH, X, Y or Z we add –ES to make it plural EX:
1 book
2 books
1 kiss
2 kisses
1 watch
2 watches
1 company
2 companies
THE POSSESIVE S
The S-ending is also attached to nouns. But it does not turn a singular noun into a plural noun. The possessive S turns a noun into a king of adjective. To make the s a possessive is necessary to add a apostrophe ‘ EX:
One girl has a green pen. The girl’s pen is green.
THE VERB S
This S-ending is added to verbs, not nouns, making them singular. When the subject of a present tense verb is a singular noun, the verb needs an S-ending. A singular noun that ends in s need too the Sending. When the subject is he, she, it, this or that needs an Sending too. EX:
The secretary types the letter. The stenographer takes dictation. The boss yells. He likes to travel.
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If the present tense verb has a plural noun for a subject, the verb gets no S-ending. When the subject is I, you, we, they, these or those, the verb does not need an S-ending. EX:
Stenographers take dictation. Secretaries type letters. The bosses yell. They like to eat pizza.
COMPOUND SUBJECTS
The whole subject consist of two nouns connected by the word and. Compound subjects are considered plural. That means their present tense verbs do not take S-ending. EX:
The desk and chair are mine. Sam and Willy talk.
OR and NOR
When the nouns in a subject are connected by or, nor the noun closest to the verb determines whether the verb gets an S-ending EX:
Neither I nor my partner recalls your order. Either your bill or our records are in error.
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
Indefinite pronouns are a group of nouns that do not point out a specific person or thing. They are divided in 3 groups:
Singular indefinite pronouns: Require an S-ending on their verbs. Another, little, every, each, much, some, every, any, nothing, etc. EX:
Little remains to be done. Nothing is impossible.
Plural Indefinite pronouns: They do not need an S-ending. Both, few, many, several, others EX:
Many give up too readily. Few recognize the importance of water.
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Variable indefinite pronouns: All, most, none, some. These pronouns can be singular or plural depending upon the “real” noun. EX:
Some coffee is left. These books belong to you. None are mine.
IRREGULAR NOUNS
They don’t form their plural by the addition of an S-ending. Present tense verbs get no S-ending when its subject is a plural noun. EX:
My tooth aches. My teeth ache.
Some words have S-endings but are not truly plural. They need a plural verb with S-ending. EX:
Economics confuses me. Pants are very comfortable.
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
Are words that refer to a group of things or people but that act as a single unit. The number considered as a single unit requires an Sending. EX:
The class listens attentively. The team remove their uniforms right after the game.
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Capitalization Should be capitalized: The first word of a sentence, including quotations, certain questions, statements after colons. EX:
The man sees the tree The real issue was, What were we to do about the problem?
The first and last words of titles and headings. Except, articles, coordinators and short prepositions. EX:
“Latest News in Money Market Funds” “Principles of Data Processing”
The names of specific persons, places, and things. The names of organizations and institutions. Historical periods, events, and documents. Members of national, political, religious, racial, social groups. Days of week, months, and names of holidays Compass directions when used to refer to a region or place. Words referring to a deity of to religious documents. EX:
Michael Jordan American Psychological Association The Revolutionary War Monday, February Voters in the Northeast In the Greek mythology, Zeus was powerful.
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The Period The two major uses of the period are to mark the end of a sentence and to indicate an abbreviation. Should be ended with a period: Complete sentences Indirect questions Commands Requests phrased as questions Most abbreviations EX:
Lorna has gone on vacation. I asked her if she would send me a postcard. Please type this letter for me. Would you please type this letter for tomorrow. Co.
Inc.
Corp.
DO NOT use period After a heading or title After a sentence ending in a punctuated abbreviation When the numbers or letters of a list have been enclosed in parentheses After even amounts of dollars After a Roman numeral that is part of a name
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Numbers Spell out numbers that can be expressed in one or two words. EX:
Six million soldiers Fifty dollars
Certain numbers should always be spelled out. Numbers that begin a sentence Large round numbers Time expressed as a number alone or with the word o’clock EX:
One hundred fifty yards or wire are needed Six billion dollars Four o’clock
Some numbers should be indicated with numbers: Addresses Decimals Dates Expressions requiring two numbers EX:
11 East 49 Street 6.123 January 31, 2014 2 five-dollar bills
Certain words and symbols often used with numbers must be considered: The word percent should be spelled out, except on invoices and lists The symbol c should only be used in quoting prices. The symbol # should only be used in tables, invoices, etc. Instead use the abbreviation no. or No.
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Transition Words Is a group of words that look a lot like subordinators and often have the same meaning. They may not be used to combine two short sentences into one long one. Some transition words are: accordingly
henceforth
still
besides
instead
otherwise
hence
however
therefore
EX:
I felt sick; therefore I stayed home. She didn’t study; consequently she lose the test.
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REFLECTIVE ESSAY What I learned in this unit? In this unit I learned many topics in Commercial English, I learned about Subject Verb Agreement, when do we use the S-ending in verbs and when not, how to recognized a plural or singular noun and what and which are the indefinite pronouns. At the same time that I remember some things I learned more about Capital letters in sentences and names. Also about periods and the way we have to use numbers in sentences, letters, directions or amounts of money. I think this was short unit, but we finally used the time in a productive way that let us learned and remember many things.
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SCANNED AND PROOFREAD DOCUMENTS
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Correction 1. 29 July, 2014 2. 2 August, 2013 3. Five Ways to Improve Your Writing Skills 4. $45 5. Have had 6. “Ten top buyers� 7. 25 percent discount 8. Therefore 9. Tenth Golden Street, Miami, Florida 45454 10. cod Method
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PICTIONARY WORD ACCOUNT
DEFINITION A bookkeeping record of business transactions; a customer or client. The difference between
BALANCE
debits and credits; To reconcile the difference between debits and credits.
BANKRUPTCY
The legally declared state of being unable to pay debts.
The total number of
CAPACITY
bytes that can be stored
CAPITAL
Money or property owned
in a computer’s memory.
or used by a business.
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PICTURE
COMPENSATION
Payment, reimbursement.
CORPORATION
A business operating under a charter.
The entry of a payment
CREDIT
in an account. To enter a
DEBT
Money owed.
DIRECT MAIL
The sale of goods and
FLEXTIME
payment in an account.
services through the mail.
A system of flexible work hours.
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GOODWILL
INVENTORY
INVESTMENT
The value of a business’s public image and reputation.
An itemized list of property or merchandise.
Money put into a business or transaction to reap a profit.
INVOICE
A list of goods shipped.
MERGER
The combining of two or
MONETARY
more companies into one.
Relating to money.
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PAYABLE
Owed.
PERSONNEL
Employees, staff.
REMITTANCE
The sending of money in
SHAREHOLDER
One who owns shares of a
payment.
corporation’s stock.
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APPENDIX
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