Liliani saputri Portfolio 2015 by Liliani Saputri

LILIANI SAPUTRI Undergraduate Works 2014-2015

LILIANI SAPUTRI Saputri.liliani@gmail.com +65 85350386

Education 2012-2015 2008-2011

INTERNSHIPS 2014 May-September

2013 May-September

RESEARCH PROJECTS 2015 January-July

2013 October-December

Bachelor of Science in Architecture. Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore. A-Level Equivalent. Petra 1 Senior High School, Indonesia.

Architectural Intern, MOH Holdings, Singapore. 1. Conducted massing, master plan, and accessibility study for new healthcare campus in Singapore. 2. Produced room layout for shelter home and community hospital. 3. Conducted study on the layout of the disabled toilet. Architectural Intern, CPG Consultant, Singapore. 1. Produced presentation drawings, 3d model, and animation for Indus Medical Hospital and Punggol Hub Competition.

Studying Public Space in HDB Estate with Bige Tuncer, Andre Chaszer. 1. Designing protocols for observations of a public space. 2. Conducted observations on selected public space to understand the characteristics of a great public space. 3. Using space syntax for further analysis. Built Form and Land Use Survey Project with Martin Scoppa, Andres Sevtsuk. 1. Conducted full-scale surveying to collect data using mobile surveying information systems in Solo, Indonesia. 2. Produced digitized map using QGIS to understand the spatial configuration of Solo. 2

OTHER activities 2014, 2013 May

2013 December

2012-2013

SKILLS Software

Technical Skill

Locatization Program, Organizer. 1. Designed and published a booklet to help international students to settle down in a new environment. 2. Planned and executed the Localization Program. Cultural Night, Publicity Committee 1. Conceptualized poster design 2. Planned and organized a booth in Cultural Night to encourage understanding of various culture. 3R (Reduse, Reuse, and Recycle) Program, Organizer. 1. Planned and organized several programs to encourage sustainable living around the campus.

Adobe Illustrator Adobe Indesign Adobe Photoshop AutoCAD Lumion Revit + Dynamo Rhinoceros + Grasshopper + Diva + Urban Network Analysis Toolbox SketchUp Laser Cutting 3D Printing

THE FUTURE OF CITIES Year: 2015 Tutor: Thomas Schroepfer Site: Keppel - Labrador - Bukit Merah Description: The studio will address the need for enhanced liveability that provide accessibility to amenities and services, ensure environmental comfort, support future live-work arrangements, foster inclusivity in an increasingly diverse society. Group Work The Future of Cities

Zoning

Legend Residential Community Centre Commercial Business

Site Boundary

Utility

site CONTEXT It is a 64-hectare-site situated along Singaporeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s southern waterfront. The site is surrounded by different uses of buildings, including residential, community centre, commercial and business distric.

The Future of Cities

Bus and MRT Stations

Legend MRT Stations Bus Stations

Berlayer Creek Mangrove Forest

With an area of approximately 5.61 ha, Berlayar Creek Mangrove is situated next to Keppel Golf Country Club, with a small creek running through it. It is one of the two mangroves sites remaining along the south coast of the Singapore Island. One-third of the Singapore mangrove species could be found in Berlayar Creek mangrove. The importance of Berlayar Creek mangrove is also

The Future of Cities

lies in the fact that it may function as a source / pool for genetic material linking the mainland to the offshore southern islands, namely Pulau Semakau, Pulau Senang and Pulau Pawai. In addition, there are 2 mrt stations and 4 bus stops nearby that can provide connection to/ from the site.

Car Park

Park Connector Network

Currently the site only has 1 Park Connector Network (PCN) towards the Labrador Nature Reserve. There are a lot of missing opportunities to connect to the Mount Faber and Gillman Heights.

The Future of Cities

Mobility Nodes Maximum efficiency

Mangrove Expansion Ecologically sensitive

DESIGN CONCEPT Mangrove Expansion Creation of ecologically sensitive district that allows for natural habitat growth. Naturally integrated green urban spaces. Efficient Transit Point to point transit (skyrail) between key mobility nodes allows for high traffic volumes. Distributes activity across site extent for even population density

The Future of Cities

Site Integration Bridging Telok Blangah Road at key junctions

Walkability 300 metre range from mobility nodes

Walkability Mobility nodes situated to optimise the walkable range of 300m. Network further densified by pedestrianised roads, building alleyways & cyclepaths. Site Integration Ground level crossing & high line connection Telok Blangah HDB Estate. Overhead connection to Mapletree Business Park. High line connection to Gillman Heights & Mount Faber.

The Future of Cities

Cluster 1 Labrador Park MRT

Site Keppel Labrador

DESIGN CONCEPT-ACTIVITY CLUSTERS Cluster 1 :Labrador Park MRT Station Program :Commerical, Public Residential, Public Amenities Mobility Scheme :MRT, Bus, Broadwalk

The Future of Cities

Cluster 3 Berlayer Creek

Cluster 2 Telok Blangah MRT

Cluster 2 Programs Mobility Scheme

:Telok Blangah MRT Station :Commerical, Public & Private Residential, Public Amenities :MRT, Bus, Broadwalk

Cluster 3 Programs Mobility Scheme

:Berlayar Creek Waterfront :Cultural, Commerical, Private Residential, Heritage Zone :SkyRail, Broadwalk, Cable Car

The Future of Cities

Low Altitude

Site Keppel Labrador

DESIGN CONCEPT-PROGRAM LAYOUT Low Altitude Commerical nodes placed at mobility nodes Community Centre & Hawker Centre positioned near public housing estates School situated near open green areas and public amenities Offices located at accessible locations

The Future of Cities

High Altitude

Legend Private Residential Public Residential Community Centre Commercial

Mid Altitude

Business

Mid Altitude Public Housing positioned close to open green spaces Private Housing placed in relation to commerical nodes & offices Housing offset from highway High Altitude Offices placed at attractive locations Even distribution of Public & private Housing

The Future of Cities

Broadwalks Cycling & walking routes

SkyRail Connecting mobility nodes

DESIGN CONCEPT-MOBILITY Sky Rail Utilises MRT connection as mobility anchor Allows for high volumes of traffic across mobility nodes Binds Cluster 3 with both Cluster 1 & 2 Broadwalks Architecturally sensitive to mangroves Integrates cycling, pedestrian routes and external green corridors

The Future of Cities

Waterfront Connection

Car Lite Limited access roads Carparking Handicap parking

Car Lite Carparking limited to mobility nodes along Telok Blangah Road Limited access roads for service and emergency vehicles Limited handicap parking along limited access roads Waterfront Connection Scenic waterfront broadwalks connect entire Keppel waterfront

The Future of Cities

Broadwalks

Key Tourist Attactions

DESIGN CONCEPT-TOURIST SCHEME Tourist Attractions Tourist attractions distributed across site including Berlayer Cultural Centre, Bukit Chermin Heritage and Keppel Hawker Centre Tourist sites also optimise waterfront attraction Broadwalk Connectivity Extended nature experience from Labrador Park to Berlayer Creek to Gillman Heights and Mount Faber

The Future of Cities

Duck Tours

Cable Car

Duck Tours Mangrove nature tour Amphibious experience of the Keppel Waterfront & Sentosa Cable Car Integration of attractions between Sentosa & Bukit Chermin

The Future of Cities

CLUSTER 1 Daily activities SKYRAIL

0900hrs : Cycle to MRT station 1830hrs : Arrive at commercial COMMERCIAL CENTRE

PUBLIC HOUSING

HOME

2100hrs : Walk home

The Future of Cities

OFFICES

WET MARKET HAWKER CENTRE

1930hrs : Cycle through green corridor to hawker centre

2030hrs : Strolling around the boardwalk

CLUSTER 1

SKYRAIL

0900hrs : Cycle to MRT station 1830hrs : Arrive at commercial COMMERCIAL CENTRE

The interface between the existing mangrove forest with the residential areas

OFFICES

WET MARKET HAWKER CENTRE

1930hrs : Cycle through green corridor to hawker centre

PUBLIC HOUSING

2030hrs : Strolling around the boardwalk

HOME

2100hrs : Walk home

Keyplan

SKYRAIL

0900hrs : Cycle to MRT station 1830hrs : Arrive at commercial COMMERCIAL CENTRE

The interface between the proposed new mangrove forest with the residential areas

OFFICES

WET MARKET HAWKER CENTRE

1930hrs : Cycle through green corridor to hawker centre

PUBLIC HOUSING

2030hrs : Strolling around the boardwalk

HOME

2100hrs : Walk home

Keyplan

CLUSTER 2 Daily activities

1700hrs : After class mountain biking to Mt Faber COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL CENTRE

0830hrs : Crossing busy highway safely from home

COMMUNITY CENTRE

084

The Future of Cities

PUBLIC HOUSING & SCHOOL

45hrs : Stroll directly to school SCHOOL

1300hrs : Leisure walk to open greenery during lunch

CLUSTER 2

1700hrs : After class mountain biking to Mt Faber COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL CENTRE

The interface between existing public housing and proposed commercial centre.

PUBLIC HOUSING & SCHOOL

0830hrs : Crossing busy highway safely from home

COMMUNITY CENTRE

0845hrs : Stroll directly to school SCHOOL

1300hrs : Leisure walk to open greenery during lunch

Keyplan

1700hrs : After class mountain biking to Mt Faber COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL CENTRE

The interface between community centre, school and public housing.

PUBLIC HOUSING & SCHOOL

0830hrs : Crossing busy highway safely from home

COMMUNITY CENTRE

0845hrs : Stroll directly to school SCHOOL

1300hrs : Leisure walk to open greenery during lunch

Keyplan

CLUSTER 3 Daily activities

SKYRAIL

1300hrs : Cycle to lunch

COMMERICAL CENTRE

CULTURAL HUB

1830hrs : Walk to the bar

COMM The Future of Cities

2200hrs : SkyRail home

OFFICE

0900hrs : Stroll to office

SKYRAIL

0830hrs : SkyRail to breakfast

MERICAL & HERITAGE CENTRE 29

CLUSTER 3

2200hrs : SkyRail home

SKYRAIL

1300hrs : Cycle to lunch

The interface between skyrail and hill-side development.

OFFICE COMMERICAL CENTRE

CULTURAL HUB

1830hrs : Walk to the bar

0900hrs : Stroll to office

SKYRAIL

0830hrs : SkyRail to breakfast COMMERICAL & HERITAGE CENTRE

Keyplan

2200hrs : SkyRail home

SKYRAIL

1300hrs : Cycle to lunch

The interface between waterfront development and boardwalk.

OFFICE COMMERICAL CENTRE

CULTURAL HUB

1830hrs : Walk to the bar

0900hrs : Stroll to office

SKYRAIL

0830hrs : SkyRail to breakfast COMMERICAL & HERITAGE CENTRE

Keyplan

SUTD Year: 2015 Tutor: Kevin Mark Low and James Coleman Site: Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) Description: Through the discovery of questions regarding what an university is rather than what it should look like, this studio will produce a version of SUTD through interventions of the existing campus. Group + Individual Work SUTD

Site

Low Rise Residential

Mid Rise Residential

High Rise Residential

Offices/ Commercial

Mixed Use Commercial

Manufacturing/ Industrial

Outdoor Public Space

Indoor Public Space

Multi-Storey Carpark

MRT Station

Educational/ Institution

Healthcare/ Welfare

Religious Institution

Exhibition Hall

Immediate Context (1km radius from site) 0

200

400m

Macro Thesis Located between residential and industrial, SUTD will become a central hub for a diverse group of people around the neighborhood, to naturally discover the spirit and vibrancy of design and technology in SUTD.

SUTD

Master plan Existing Situation

The fabrication lab which is the essential part of design and technology university is located far away from the academic area.

Hostel 6

Stadium 5

The courtyard massing of the academic block decreases the ventilation through the building and creates abundant circulation space.

SUTD

The flow of the main circulation does not draw people from the industrial area into SUTD.

Master plan Intervention

Srapyard Cultivating a sustainability behaviour in a techno-centric university by the notion of scrapyard and recycling

Introducing a transitional zone from institution to hostel

Hostel 6

Stadium 5

The relocation of the fabrication lab to the basement car park .

New massing typology for the new academic block can improve the ventilation and strengthen the vibrancy of the street. Legend Phase 1 Construction (built) Basement

SUTD

Intervention Fabrication Lab

Basement Plan Existing Carpark Lot

Converting half of the carpark into fabrication lab

Metal Workshop

BLOCK 5 Ground Floor Plan Existing Situation

Laser Cutting Workshop Maker Space

The Peak block 5 level 2 Plan Existing Situation Fab Lab

The current layout of fabrication lab is consisted as multiple labs detached from one another. The proposed new layout brings all the lab together through open plan strategy.

SUTD

The Peak

Maker Yard

Maker Space

Wood Workshop

Section AA

Drop-Off Point Storage

Maker Space Electronics Lab

Section BB

Maker Space The Peak

Metal Workshop

SUTD

20m

BASEMENT PLAN Intervention

Intervention Fabrication Lab The gradient of activity from fabrication, assembly to exhibition activate the fabrication lab as an integral part of SUTD. The exhibition space (The Peak) covered with wooden frame can be transformed into railings such that it will eliminate the boundary between public and the fabrication lab.

SUTD

Open State Opened State

CloseState State Closed

0 SUTD

10m

Section AA Fabrication Lab 39

Intervention Fabrication Lab

SUTD

0 SUTD

10m

Section BB Fabrication Lab 41

human scale Year: 2014 Tutor: Kee Wei Hui Site: York Hill, Singapore Description: Working on the scales of the city, this project aims to understand the complex nature of urban contexts as places for habitation. It tries to develop innovative urban housing concepts for sustainable high-density living.

Human Scale

Site

Figure Ground Plan Scale 1:10000

Building with more than 5 storeys Building with less than or equal to 5 storeys

SITE ANALYSIS of human scale on the site as it The site is located in the middle is surrounded by tall and large of three vibrant neighborhoods. footprint buildings. It has high accessibility to recreational activities and amenities. However, there is lack of walkability as it is asurrounded by wide road and expressway and lack of activites on the street level. As can be seen in the figure ground plan, there is also a lack

Human Scale

CONCEPT MASSING

HUMAN SCALE

DESIGN CONCEPT: Returning the balance of life to the neighbourhoods

Human Scale

Inspired by the idea of ‘village’ that bring the whole community together, this project tries to bring the concept of ‘kampung’ into modern society. The constant engagement and interaction that is the foundation of the village spirit is supported by the street in front of their house. Hence, the street become the soul of a village.

Human Scale

This project started off from a single and tall residential building to a dense and low rise residential complex that aims to foster social interaction among the residents through the use of street on every level. It also aims to bring back the sense of human scale that has been removed from the site.

Massing Study

Human Scale

8 46

Massing Strategies for accessibility and created hierarchy level 1 for the circulation. 1. Site Boundary 2. Created a grid Massing Strategies for 3. Located entrance/exit to the level 2 surrounding site 7. Located the centre point of 4. Created a circulation path each building mass on level 1 between the entrances/exits 8. Created a circulation path on 5. Carved building mass from the the second level by connecting circulation path all the centre points such that 6. Created a secondary circulation its street will be on the centre path to further increase its of each block. The street will be

Human Scale

double-loaded and each of the apartment unit also has visual connection to the ground floor. Similar steps are done to create building mass on third level.

UP UP

---

Room Legend

1 LEVEL LEVEL 1 PLAN

00m

10m

20m

Scale 1:200

50m 50m

Commercial Living Room Living Room Dining Room Toilet Bedroom Comercial

Dining Room

HOUSING COMPLEX This residential complex is designed to be mixed used where commercial complex is located on the first floor and residential complex on the upper floor. There are many different types of apartment unit in this residential complex to cultivate diversity on the site.

Human Scale

DN UP

DN DN

DN DN DN DN

---

LEVEL LEVEL 2 PLAN 2 00m

55m

10m 10

20m

Scale 1:200

50m 50m

Human Scale

10m

20m

Room Legend

Bedroom Commercial Dining Room Living Room Living Room Dining Room Toilet Bedroom

SECTION Scale 1:100

50m

---

DN UP UP UP

Room Legend

3 LEVEL LEVEL 3 PLAN

10m

20m

Scale 1:200

50m 50m

Commercial Living Room Living Room Dining Room Toilet Bedroom Bedroom

Dining Room

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---

LEVEL LEVEL 4 PLAN 4 00m

55m

10m 10

Scale 1:200

50m 50m

20m

10m

20m

Room Legend

Bedroom Commercial Dining Room Living Room Living Room Dining Room Toilet Bedroom

FRONT ELE VATION Scale 1:100 N

50m

SECTION Section Scale 1:100 50m

50m

FACADE FACADE

S Sm

Living room in each unit can be merged into the corridor space Livingroom roominineach eachunit unitcan canbe bemerged mergedinto intothe thecorridor corridorspace space Living

11050 11050 mm 11050

11050

5500 5500mm 5500

Living room in each unit can be merged into the corridor space Keyplan Keyplan

11200 11200

11200 mm

11050

Keyplan

Apartment11 Apartment

Apartment22 Apartment Bedroom Bedroom

Human Scale

Scale1:50 1:50 Scale Floor plan RoomLegend Legend Room DiningRoom Room Dining

LivingRoom Room Living

Toilet Toilet

Keyplan

APARTMENT PLAN The apartment plan is designed such that the living room can be opened towards the street through foldable glass doors, cultivating social interaction between neighbours.

Human Scale

FACADE The whole facade is consisted of small modules of framed louvres to further emphasize on its human scale that can transform the space to be more open or private, providing flexibility to the residents.

5500

city of freedom Year: 2014 Tutor: Pauline Ang Site: North Boat Quay, Singapore Description: This project asks for the design of a living repository in the context of Singaporeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 50th anniversary in 2015, showcasing artifacts that shaped the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s identity over time and provide insights to its possible future trajectory.

City of Freedom

Clarke Quay

High Street Centre

MRT Station

Site Boat Quay

Central Mall The Riverwalk Victoria Theatre

Asian Civilization Museum

SITE ANALYSIS The site located in high street centre, is in close proximity to Singapore’s Civic District and Singapore River, an activity corridor that is well-used in the day and night. DESIGN CONCEPT Not only trying to educate visitors about Singapore’s history, this living repository is taking a step

City of Freedom

further to evoke critical thinking about Singapore’s future. It tries to project an imaginary future when there is an absolute freedom in Singapore.

Urban Map

This project will questioned the meaning of freedom and what are the consequences of having absolute freedom.

Roof

Level 2

Ground floor

Isometric Section Before and after

TRANSFORMABLE SPACE Transformable space is a key element in this project as to give users their freedom in designing the space. A module of 500mmx500mmx2000mm is being used to create platforms that allow transformation to take place. This grids of module can be shifted up and down depending on the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s need and desire.

City of Freedom

The users has to recognize that there are consequences for their action in shifting the module. As can be seen in the diagram, when an user shifted the module on the level 2, it will affect another user on level 1. Hence, each user have to recognize the consequences of their action such that chaos can be avoided.

Isometric Section Type of transfomation (table, chair and wall)

EQUATIONS Transforming the position of the object through mathematical equations:

A sin x

A sin bx

A sin (bx + c)

A sin (bx+c) + D sin (ey+f )

City of Freedom

urban housing Year: 2014 Tutor: J. Alstan Jakubiec Site: York Hill, Singapore Description: This project will focus on designing residential complex that take into consideration the energy use, thermal comfort, ventilation, air velocity and shading.

Urban Housing

solar radiation analysis

Jun 21 morning

shadow study Jun 21 evening

Dec 21 morning

SITE Singapore has a tropical climate of 23-34Â°C and relativity high humidity. According to our solar radiation analysis, the site receives a lot of sunlight, which would be uncomfortable for the residents living there. The shadow study also shows that there isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t much shadow to shade the buildings.

Urban Housing

Sun path of Singapore EW solar exposure

Dec 21 morning

After analysing the Singapore wind rose, we found that Singapore received wind most frequently from the SouthWest and North-East directions, courtesy of the South-West and North-East monsoons respectively. Therefore, we realised there is a good opportunity for us to capture the wind while directing the wind around the building for natural

Wind Rose NNE, SW winds South-West winds are 26m/s

cross ventilation, especially from the South-West direction as there were almost no obstructing buildings in that quardrant.

Shady inner space

“Wind Catcher”

massing exploration Our design concept is to create a building form that is comfortable in a hot and humid environment. The massing is bent on both edges to shade the inner space and to capture the wind. In order to analyse the massing’s capability in capturing the wind and creating shady areas, we ran different massings through the

Urban Housing

CFD analysis (see the diagrams on the next page).

across these are better than the above residential apartment.

We decided to use exploration 1 massing which has 16pa pressure difference.This resulted in favourable wind conditions. The final masses experience the same positve pressure on the north face and the same negative pressure on the south face. In general, the pressure difference

In addition, looking at the solar radiation analysis (on the next page). This massing significantly reduced the radiation values to 177-777kWh/ m², generally cooler than our exploration 2 massing.

Pa=10

Pa=16

Pa=16 Ovit aut lab ipsam excea nulpa pa

cfd analysis

Exporation 1

Exporation 2

Pa=10 Pa=10

Pa=0 Pa=10 Pa=10

Pa=0

Urban Housing

Exporation 3

Exporation 4 radiation, kWh/m² 177

Is rat. Con pro doluptatia Urban Housing

Exploration 1: North facade

Solar radiation

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Exploration 1: South facade

777 radiation, kWh/m² 502

Exploration 2: North facade

Exploration 2: South facade

789

Residential

Office

Isometric Model

Corner green shields building

L S

Single loaded corridor

Half glazed Generic level X plan

Urban Housing

Fully glazed

Generic level X+1 plan

light of tomorrow Year: 2014 Tutor: Tan Peck Leong,Jackson Site: HDB Corridor, Singapore Description: Velux Competition Entry 2014. This competition seeks to challenge the future of daylight in the built environment with an open-minded and experimental approach. Group Work

Light of Tomorrow

SITE Majority of Singapore population live in high rise, high density public housing. The most distinctive characteristics of the earlier housing developments is the slab block typology, which provides a long, continuous corridor space in front of the flats on each floor. This corridor has become an

Light of Tomorrow

interface to interact and foster community spirit. However, over the years, with the rapid of development, the community spirit is no longer thriving and the corridor is rendered into a transient place.

with traditional games. The simple intervention involves replacing the concrete parapet along the corridor with a perforated steel one. The random perforation on the barrier may seem arbitary at the first glance, but when sunlight seeps trough INTERVENTION them, they cast an interesting This project aims to recover the mix of shadows that form an former glory of the corridor by interface for traditional games to drawing children into the space be enjoyed.

Hopscotch involves the player(s) tossing a small object into specific area demarcated by where the light concentrates upon and then hop to retrieve the object Light of Tomorrow

Goli Panjang requires the player(s) to throw glass marbles into the area bounded by where the light concentrates while attempting to hit their opponentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s marbles out of the boundary Light of Tomorrow

MInimal surfaces Year: 2014 Tutor: Stylianos Dritsas Description: Create a minimal surface envelope in the campus using particle-spring dynamics. Group Work

Minimal Surfaces

Based on 4 choosen anchor points, the surface is created through particle-spring dynamics.

The mesh is triangulated to apply components.

The component were based on 3 vertices of the triangle curve, its centre point.

The entire minimal surface is comprised of components that have varies width depending on its position from the 4 anchor points. The closer to the achor points, the thinner the component.

Minimal Surfaces

observation analysis of public space Year: 2015 Tutor: Andres Sevtsuk Site: Singapore Duration: 3 Weeks Description: We aim to explore how public spaces are used over time, using observational analysis techniques. Group Work

Observation Analysis of Public Space

Literature Review Jan Gehl has done extensive research on public spaces and how people use public spaces (Gehl, 1980). He categorized these activities that happen in public spaces into 3 which are necessary, optional and social activities. Necessary activities are compulsory and therefore the environment has little impact on these. Optional activities happen only when exterior conditions are favourable. Social activities are the resultant activities of two activities, they develop because of the connection to the space. One research hypothesis was that people were attracted to activities that other people engaged in. Jan Gehlâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s theory was that people needed stimulation and experiencing people was rich and exciting. This was proven by the study in â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Life between buildings where children were found to prefer playing along the streets where they could watch people, rather than in their backyards even though they had designated play areas there. Studies also has been done to find out which are the most preferred seating spaces (Gehl, 1980). Research done in the Tivoli Garden in Copenhagen was carried out by John Lyde and he found that the most used benches were those that offered a good view to watching people engaging in activities. Jan Gehl also hypothesized that seating around the edge was the most successful type of seating

Observation Analysis of Public Space

because it allowed people have a good view of other people yet have their backs protected and therefore not allow themselves to be surveyed unknowingly.

putting out a 100% more seating in the public area increased public seating by 88%.

Another study on public space has been done, focusing on the public plaza (Whyte, 1980). He found out that public areas with more females were always more well designed because women were more discriminating towards their choice of seating. We could adopt this strategy by examining the amount of females vs males in our public areas. There have been various kinds of research done on walking on the streets (Whyte, 1980). One research question was how much do people like the shortest route. People were found to significantly prefer the shortest route. In a copenhagen square, pedestrians chose to walk across the square even though it meant that they would have to walk two short sets of staircases. In a macro scale analysis, Jan Gehl hypothesized that outdoor activities were significantly dependent on the quality of outdoor space and the streets. This was proven by a significant increase in pedestrian activities after an improvement in existing urban areas. In the summer of 1986 in Copenhagen, pedestrian activity tripled after an improvement in physical conditions of the public space. Likewise, in central Melbourne, an experiment that involved

SITE We explored the public spaces in 2 different locations in Bukit Panjang New Town. This district is known for its quietness and inaccessibility. Both of our location are similar to each other in terms of distance to the Light Rail Transit (LRT) and also in terms of housing density. In addition, as this is a new town, the demographics of the inhabitants are also somewhat similar.

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1 2

Legend

Public Housing Religious Institution Amenities LRT Station Carpark

Observation Analysis of Public Space

site introduction Site 1 This space is located below public housing, next to the site 2. This void deck is filled with fixed furnitures to cater for the residents living around the site. Our observation took place on Friday from 11am to 4pm. The necessary activities in the space are people walking through the corridor and void deck holding groceries. Optional activities that happen in this space are people

sitting and resting. The social activities that happen in this space are gambling, sitting and talking. Many elderly use the void deck table as a gambling spot.

Site 2 The space is an open court meant for sports activities. However, the court markings are faded and not being repainted yet. It is a comparatively large space surrounded by dense residential HDBs. It also acts as a connection from the Fajar LRT to the rest of the HDB blocks nearby. There are fixed seatings and exercise equipment around the open court. Our observation

took place on Friday from 11am to 4pm. The necessary activities in the space are people walking through the hard court. Optional activities that happen in this space are people sitting and resting. The social activities that happen are exercising.

Site 3 This space is a playground surrounded by market stalls, retails shops and food centre. There are also fixed seatings and exercise equipment around the playground. Our observation took place on Saturday from 4pm to 9pm. There are many adults walking past because there are many destinations nearby. Some of the optional activities that happen in the space are

improvised seating. The social activities in the space are children playing in the playground, and people having conversations around the benches and tables.

30% 39%

29%

19%

71%

3% 4%

30%

63%

Legend

Adults (21-40) Elderly (>40) Children (0-12) Teenager (13-19)

Observation Analysis of Public Space

RESEARCH QUESTIONS We want to explore how the design of the site and its immediate context affects the type of activities happening in the space and demographics of people using the space. 1. There are more people using site 3 than site 1 and 2 for activities because there are more amenities nearby. As the contexts of the sites are different in nature, we hypothesize that the occurrence of activities, namely necessary activities is directly affected by the different daily amenities around the site. 2. The higher the number of furniture in the space, the higher the number of optional and social activities. Intuitively, when more seats are provided, the more likely for people to use the space to rest and relax from commercial activities around the sites. 3. Group of people tend to use spaces which promote interaction hence, they prefer seats where they can see each other. Social activities happen in relation to the people you interact with. There are various types of furniture within the space, some furniture are designed to be larger or positioned such that users face each other in order to accommodate better communal social interaction. 4. People prefer seats that allow them to have a good view of other people. We define people who engage in optional activities to be alone. We hypothesize that they often position themselves at seats that allows them to enjoy the view and look at other activities that are happening. 5. People prefer to stay at seats that does not allow for activities to happen directly behind them. We feel that people like to feel secure in a large public space, hence, we feel that people they do not want to be disrupted by movement activities and want to have some sort of privacy while engaging in optional or social activity such as sitting and talking.

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site 1 The first composite map identifies how people move through the space and the popularity of the movement route in the space. The movement routes are the necessary activities of the space as people require to walk through the space to get to their destination. We can see from the composite map that the most taken path is the path that is along the corridor because it is the shortest path to where they need to go. We can see that some people make a short loop into the void deck because of people engaging in activities. People make a detour in their walking route in order to look at what people are doing.

interacting with others, rather than being alone. Many people prefer sitting near the corridor because it faces the hard court and they can see people walking through the hard court and the corridor. This proves our research hypothesis to be true. The other side faces the carpark which has very little activity. At 3-4pm, the elderly people moved closer to the carpark because they were avoiding our time lapse camera. We can also see from the

composite map that the elderly people prefer the seats that allow them to face each other and interact because it allows for talking and gambling activities. Even the elderly people who chose to stand around were attracted to stand near to the tables with chairs. This proves the hypothesis that the elderly perfer seating that faces each other so as to allow for more interaction.

11-12am

12-1 pm

11-12am

12-1 pm

People also come from the hard court and cut across the void deck. Most people choose the shortest route there, however, some people make detours in order to observe what people are doing around the tables. The other composite map identifies the type of people who stay in the space and their location. From these maps, we observe that many people use the space for social activites,

Legend

Social Activities M F Adults (21-40) Elderly (>40) Children (0-12) Teenager (13-19) Optional Activities Adults (21-40) Elderly (>40) Children (0-12) Teenager (13-19)

Observation Analysis of Public Space

Hardcourt

Carpark

Overall Observation

1-2pm

2-3 pm

3-4 pm

1-2pm

2-3 pm

3-4 pm

Observation Analysis of Public Space

site 2 This composite map shows us Many people engage in social the entry nodes of the main activities near the edges of the space. This is due to seating and circulation taken by people. shade being available at the As mentioned earlier, the routes edge. The center of the hard shown here represents necessary court is meant for ball games but activities such as walking or is not utilised because it does cycling. This is because the site is not have the fixtures needed for situated in between the amenities the games. This has resulted in it and the residential area. People being almost devoid of activity, have to walk across the area except for two people who to get to either their homes or walked across the space and public transport and shops. As such, we can see that the main entry points of circulation are at the bottom right corner, where the LRT and shopping complex is situated and the upper right corner, the two paths that leads to the residential block 434.

happened to know each other. People usually use the space as a transitting area instead of a gathering point because it is completely open and far away from amenities.

The other two paths that were designed were less used because people took the shortest path to the sheltered corridor at the void deck.

11-12am

12-1 pm

11-12am

12-1 pm

Legend

Social Activities M F Adults (21-40) Elderly (>40) Children (0-12) Teenager (13-19) Optional Activities Adults (21-40) Elderly (>40) Children (0-12) Teenager (13-19)

Observation Analysis of Public Space

Overall Observation

1-2pm

2-3 pm

3-4 pm

1-2pm

2-3 pm

3-4 pm

Observation Analysis of Public Space

site 3 This composite map shows us that the most taken path is the path that cut across the playground because it is the shortest path from a building to other space. We can see that some people deviate slightly from the shortest path to avoid the furniture (playground). However, thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s people who tend to cut across the playground spaces to get the very linear travel path.

Many families walked pass the court yard after groceries shopping from the supermarket, and the kids will stay and play in the playground for a while. In addition, many foreigners could be observed sitting on the

ledge (public space that no one claims) rather than sitting on the provided seats.

4-5pm

5-6pm

4-5pm

5-6pm

A few elderly brought their own chairs to the court yard, next to the empty provided seats so

People also walk across the court yard bacause they wanted to go to the Supermarket (on the left) through the side doors. In addition, not many people walked towards the left bottom corner of the site. This happened because this corridor was blocked by people queueing for lottery. At around 7pm, it was drizzling. The court yard become empty. However, few people still prefer to walk across the court yard for shorter route. As the rain gets heavier, no one walked across the courtyard without umbrella.

Legend

Social Activities M F Adults (21-40) Elderly (>40) Children (0-12) Teenager (13-19) Optional Activities Adults (21-40) Elderly (>40) Children (0-12) Teenager (13-19)

Observation Analysis of Public Space

that they can orient their chair towards the hawker centre. Moreover, there are a few seats on the right corner that is unused throughout the whole day. We suspect that it happened because one of the seats (top right corner) does not offer a good view of the attraction (playground). Another seat on the bottom right corner is also unused, probably because it is located too close to the market, such that people might feel uncomfortable seating there.

Overall Observation

6-7pm

7-8pm

8-9pm

6-7pm

7-8pm

8-9pm

Observation Analysis of Public Space

OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS The design of the public spaces affects the behaviour of people and the kind of activities they engage in. We identified five aspects: location of street furniture, orientation of street furniture, position of entrance, spillover space and shadingthat affected behaviour types. Street furniture that was located in the centre of the space with seats surrounding it would help activate the space and increase social activities. In site 3, the playground was placed in the centre with seats surrounding it. On the other hand, site 2 hard court had fitness equipment and seating lined up in one row and a blank court in the centre. Site 1 void deck, had only seating in the void deck and was quite a distance away from the fitness equipment in the hard court. We can see from the maps, that site 3 was much more successful in attracing people to the centre for social activities, with people lined around the edge. The orientation of the street furniture also plays a part in where they choose to sit. People prefer to sit where they can view people engaging in activities. In the site 3 map, we see that people choose not to sit on the bench that does not face the playground. The seat on the bottom right corner is also unused, probably because it is located too close to the market, such that people might feel uncomfortable seating there.

Observation Analysis of Public Space

seating area, groups of elderly stay in the space for more than 4 hours at a time, sitting and playing cards.

Unused Seats

We noticed that the position of the entrance also determined the kind of people using the space. Entrances that led from amenities were usually used by people engaging in necessary activities. They usually came from the supermarket and walked through the space to get to their destination. This was observed in site 2 and 3. We have also discovered that spillover space is important in activating the space. In site 3, the market places tend to have spillout booths into the streets as seen below. This helps to promote social activity in the corridors where people usually quickly walk past.

The spatial context around the site also affects whether people engage in social activities. The more familiar they are with the people there, the longer they use the space for social activities. In site 3 and Site 2 Hard court, the space is surrounded by activities of temporal nature and therefore the people tend not to dwell for too long. In constrast, the site 1 void deck had people staying there and engaging in social activites for a long time because it was surrounded by households and therefore engaged people who would consistently frequent the place throughout the day. We also observed the difference between Singaporeans and foreign workers in their use of space. Foreign workers preferred to improvise seating, at places such as ledges. Singaporeans on the other hand, preferred to sit at designated seating.

Spillover Market

Shading is also very important for social activities. In site 3 and site 2 hard court, where there is no shading, peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s social activites tend to be capped around half an hour. In the site 1 void deck, where there is shade at the

CONCLUSION Hypothesis 1: Site 3 will have more people using the space for all three types of activities than Ste 1 and 2 because of a higher number of amenities are present around the site observed. The number of amenities at Site 3 is identified to be 68 and 44 for Site 1 and 2. Both Site 2 and 3 have a playground and fitness corner. Figure 2 shows the overall number of people engaging in activities in Site 3 is higher than Site 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows a breakdown of the types of activities people engage in in relation to the number of amenities. Our first hypothesis is verified by the two figures as we see that the number of people walking and cycling at Site 3 is approximately 60% higher than Site 1 and 2 and two times more for social and optional activities.

750

790 Necessary Activities Optional/Social Activities

550 490 68 amenities 44 amenities

120

15 Site 1

Site 2

Site 1&2

Site 3

Figure 1

Breakdown of activities

Site 3

Figure 2

Number of Amenities vs Number of People

Hypothesis 2: The higher the number of street furniture that is designed to be within the public space, the higher the number of people using the space for the social and optional activities. The hypothesis is true as can be seen on the composite maps previosuly that there is a positive correlation between the number of furniture and number of people engaging in social and optional activities.This hypothesis shows that having a well designed space will allow for more opportunities for social interactions. Although the truth of this hypothesis is rather intuitive, our observational analysis also shows that people in SIte 3 often utilise undesigned spaces such as concrete grass patch ledges for social activities such as sitting and talking. This might mean that such spaces might be an appealing factor that influences the number of social or optional activities happening in the site.

Observation Analysis of Public Space

CONCLUSION Hypothesis 3: Groups of people tend to use spaces which promote interaction (circular/semi-circular), hence, they prefer seats where they can see each other. The number of social interactions at Site 3 straight street benches on the left hand site are slighty lower that those semi-circular configured benches on the right. Moreover, majority of the social interactions happening in Site 1 are around the circular table, therefore, it is insufficient for us to conclude this hypothesis to be true. Hypothesis 4: People prefer seats that allow them to have a good view of other people. As seen from the composite map previously, we observe that there number of people engaging in optional activities are higher at areas where it allows for a wide and open view of activities around them. This is however, inconclusive for Site 2 as there are too few optional activities happening. Hypothesis 5: People prefer to stay at seats that does not allow for activities to happen directly behind them. This hypothesis cannot be verified because it is not the same across both sites. The hypothesis is true for Site 3 as we can see a larger cluster of people seating against the grass patch ledges (green areas) than the grey area where the circulation occurs. However, in Site 1, people are clustered around the round tables with few sitting on furniture that prevents activity behind them.

Observation Analysis of Public Space

LIMITATION The integrity of this analysis is compromised due to limitation imposed by the method of data collection and the short duration of study. 1. There were only two sites for comparison Even though the two sites are of similar sizes in terms of area and facilities within site, the context in which the site is situated in is very different. This also presents vastly different types and quantity of activities happening in the respective sites and this makes it challenging for us to draw a conclusion to our hypotheses. 2. Data taken at different timings As the information was recorded on 2 different days and different time periods, the analysis presented is not comprehensive. Data for site A was taken on Saturday evening, where most people are not working. For Site B, data was taken on a Friday afternoon, the time period in which people are still working. As a result, there might have been fewer people in the area of Site B at that time period as they are working 3. Insufficient data We only took 5 hours of data usage per site. Space usage patterns, trends, amount of usage cannot be concluded convincingly in such a short span of time. The comparison and analysis will be more accurate if there are multiple sets of data for the site at the specific day and time period over multiple weeks.

Observation Analysis of Public Space

DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS Site A: Site A already has a very vibrant and lively public space. The playground in the middle of the court yard brings life to the site. It acted as an attraction where children plays around, waiting for their parents shopping for groceries. It also a space which people can look, while sitting around the edges of the site. However during raining period the courtyard become empty because it is not sheltered. 1. Site A can be improved by putting shelter around the edges such that it will provide shelter for some of the seating. Hence, people can still use the space when it is raining. 2. There is an empty green field on the right corner of the site that could be further improved. We can plant trees such that it provides shade or we can provide a space for community garden where it is accessible by public such that they can activate the space further. 3. We also suggest to add movable seating on the site such that the user have the flexibility to move and orient their own chair. The seating should also have back rest to make it comfortable and provide a sense of security for the users. 4. The community center have a more transparent facade that face the courtyard directly. It will attract passer bys to be curious about the activities going on inside and for people to look into the courtyard.

Observation Analysis of Public Space

4 2

Site B1: Site B1 is an empty hardcourt with little activities happening inside. This is due to the lack of infrastructure that encourage any activities to happen. 1. We suggest to convert the hard court into a park, plant trees along the main nodes to provide shade for the public as we observed that it is very hot and sunny in the afternoon. 2. Moreover, we suggest to convert the middle of the hard court into a playground that will attract children and parents to use. This playground can also be the focal point of this hard court, which people will look into. Market stalls can also be temporarily installed on the site to further activate the space, converting the hard court into day/night market. 3. We also suggest to add more furniture on the edge of the site to attract people. Site B2: Site B2 already has many seating furniture inside. However, it isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t effective in creating a good public space because it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t caters for everyone needs. 1. We suggest to add movable and modular furniture in the void deck. During our observation, a group of residents were gambling using the circular table provided in the void deck. We observed some of the residents were forced to stand or sit on the further bench as there are not enough seating for them. If we provide a movable and modular furniture, it can effectively respond to this situation.

Observation Analysis of Public Space

3 1

V HOTEL

Jalan besar Prime centre

FORTUNE CENTRE

concourse skyline

STAMFORD COURT

PRINSEP STREET

THE CENTRAL

PEOPLE’S PARK CENTRE BLISS HOTEL

ENG HOON STREET

ROBINSON ROAD

KAMPONG TIONG BAHRU ROAD

ORCHID HOTEL

LAU PA SAT

location and revenue Year: 2015 Tutor: Andres Sevtsuk Site: Singapore Duration: 2 Weeks Description: We aim to explore how public spaces are used over time, using observational analysis techniques. Group Work

Location and Revenue

Legend

Selected Cheers Store Bus Stop MRT Station 1km radius from Bugis MRT

INTRODUCTION This experiment explores how and why shop patronage to identical stores varies from one location to another. By collecting customer receipts (where a sequence number indicates the number of customers between 0 and 100,000 of the last cycle) from 16 Cheers convenience stores located in downtown Singapore, it investigates the effects of

Location and Revenue

SITE PLAN 0

125

250

375

500

urban densities on the level of patronage. Specifically, these urban densities such as location attributes and accessibility factors are explored to understand how they shape the characteristics of the particular store location that may or may not contribute to its level of patronage. The experiment then utilizes advanced spatial network

1250m

analysis (UNA Toolbox) and MS Excel to capture and calculate the correlationship(s) between various location qualities of interest. Initial customer receipts information of all 16 Cheers stores (collected on 22 Nov 2014) have been provided to the team as part of the course material. The team collected another set of

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

customer receipts on 21 Feb 2015 across 3 selected Cheers stores to obtain the average patronage level for the period.

Walter Christaller was the first researcher to model relationship of retail trade between towns with his contribution to the Central Place Theory in the 1930s. Since then, there has been large number of papers on retail location, where the research done has been focusing on two basic levels (Vandell and Carter, 1993): 1. Analysis of the consumer store-choice process 2. Analysis of of choice of site(s), size, and store design characteristics that optimize performance. On the analysis of consumer store-choice process, much attempt is done to model the uncertainty in consumer behaviour (Webber, 1972; Vandell and Carter, 1993). The most direct implication of this is the addressing of classic retail competition theory, which only takes into consideration single-purpose single-stop shopping trips (DiPasquale and Wheaton, 1995). The impacts of multipurposes shopping behaviour is particularly significant given the rise of shopping malls (clustering). Also, the benefits brought by the retail clustering includes the propensity for consumers to multipurpose shop at centers that are more distance than the nearest center (Hanson, 1980; Oâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Kelly; 1981) despite the direct transport and inventory costs (Ghosh, 1986) and other opportunity costs involved in doing so. While the ubiquity of the transportation and the mobility of the consumer (Eppli and Benjamin, 1994) results in the varying demand of an individual retail store within a retail center in comparison with the general drawing power of the centre as a whole (DiPasquale and Wheaton, 1995), there is little literature on urban attributes that explains the location choices of commercial establishments in dense urban environments (Sevtsuk, 2014) to address the condition.

Location and Revenue

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

1. Stores located at areas with higher access will have higher level of patronage. Locations with high accessibility (e.g. many bus stops and train stations) often have land-use intensity (e.g. large number of households, institutions, offices) and hence higher level of patronage. 2. Consumers engage in multipurpose shopping. While classical retail competition theory considers only single-purpose single-stop shopping trips (DiPasquale and Wheaton, 1995), this does not reflect actual consumer behaviour in reality. Given the varied nature of goods sold at convenience stores, consumers may engage in full search, directed search or casual search for the particular good they want to purchase (Bucklin, 1967). The Cheers stores are taken to be observer points in UNA Toolbox. 3. Store patronage fluctuate due to non-price factors. Market structures theory informs that price changes made by a seller operating in an oligopolistic market (i.e. convenience store) have minimal impact as the market engages in mainly non-price competition practices. In the case of Cheers, the presence of construction work in near vicinity of the store and festive seasons will cause changes in patronage level. 4. Retail image of Cheers is consistent across all 16 stores. For simplicity of analysis, the team assumes that retail image (Eppli and Benjamin, 1994) and quality of service is consistent throughout all 16 Cheers stores.

Location and Revenue

CONCOURSE SKYLINE

Number of Business Establishments Office

302

Retail

Facility

Total

410

Number of Households HDB (Housing Development Board) Flats 302 Landed

Condominum

Total

945

Note: The number of business establishments and households calculated were obtained from Urban Revelopment Authority (URA) and Department of Statistics Singapore data, considering a 200m radius from the particular Cheers store. The map on this page shows the 600m service network distribution from the store, generated from the UNA Toolbox. Customer Receipt Sequence 28 Dec 2014

44055

21 Feb 2015

56860

Average Visitors/Day

233

As the store is mainly servicing offices and residences nearby, the number of passersby observed on a weekend is significantly lower than the extended daily average visitors calculated from the customer receipts. * Facility: Hospital and Social Assistance, Arts, Entertainment, Accommodation and Food Services, Personal and Laundry Services, Religious, Grantmaking, Civic, Professional, and Similar Organizations.

Location and Revenue

Legend

Selected Cheers Store Bus Stop MRT Station 1km radius from Bugis MRT

Location and Revenue

750

1500 2250 3000

SITE PLAN 7500m

JALAN BESAR

Number of Business Establishments Office

282

Retail

199

Facility

Total

512

Number of Households HDB (Housing Development Board) Flats 568 Landed

Condominum

171

Total

844

52944

21 Feb 2015

67045

Average Visitors/Day

256.3

As the store is located near shopping centres (OG Albert Complex, Sim Lim Tower) and hotels, the number of passersby and patronage level (mainly shoppers and tourists) observed on a weekend afternoon is much higher than what is indicated by the extended daily average number of visitors.

Location and Revenue

Legend

Selected Cheers Store Bus Stop MRT Station 1km radius from Bugis MRT

Location and Revenue

750

1500 2250 3000

SITE PLAN 7500m

PRIME CENTRE

Number of Business Establishments Office

204

Retail

Facility

Total

303

Number of Households HDB (Housing Development Board) Flats 0 Landed

Condominum

464

Total

476

19473

21 Feb 2015

59423

Average Visitors/Day

726

As the store is located near local landmarks (e.g. museums, hotels and education institutions) and is receives constant pedestrain flow generated by the cross junction in front of it, a large number of passersby is observed. Also, given the storeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s deep setback (wide sheltered corridor), part of the store spills onto it for consumers to browse at goods without entering the actual store space physically.

Location and Revenue

Legend

Selected Cheers Store Bus Stop MRT Station 1km radius from Bugis MRT

Location and Revenue

750

1500 2250 3000

SITE PLAN 7500m

DATA ANALYSIS

Office

There is a negative correlation between patronage and office density.

Patronage

703

302

282 204

204

Prime Centre

Jalan Besar

Retail

240

Concourse Skyline

There is a positive correlation between patronage and the number of facilities in the area. The team thinks that these places povide spillover customers to the cheers store.

Patronage

703

199

240

204 62

37 Prime Centre

Jalan Besar

Facility

Concourse Skyline

There is a negative correlation between patronage and retail density.

Patronage

703

240

204 62 Prime Centre

Location and Revenue

31 Jalan Besar

46 Concourse Skyline

100

DATA ANALYSIS

Betweenness from building to building

The patronage of the cheer store in this data set seems to indicate that betweenness has a high linear correlation coefficient. The team hypothesize that Cheers store is not an anchor store that attracts people hence betweenness is an important factor that affect the patronage of this store.

Patronage

5390000

3459000

3109000

703

Prime Centre

240

204 Jalan Besar

Betweenness from bus stop to building

Concourse Skyline

Patronage

629900 444400 254900 703 Prime Centre

Jalan Besar

Betweenness from religious site to building

38300

240

204

Concourse Skyline

Religious site as a factor in the betweeness level from building to building scores are really low correlation of 0.19 R^2 value. The team had expected otherwise because the area is full of worship sites.

Patronage

38180

703 204 Prime Centre

Location and Revenue

Jalan Besar

1050

240

Concourse Skyline

101

DATA ANALYSIS

gCentrality (Bus Tapouts)

There is a positive correlation of the number of bus stops accessible in radius 600m from the Cheers store. The team conjects that higher accessibility equates to higher patronage.

Patronage

7440

7280

2580 703 Prime Centre

240

204 Jalan Besar

gCentrality (Bus Stop)

Concourse Skyline

Patronage

5.03

4.93 3.64

703

Prime Centre

240

204 Jalan Besar

gCentrality (MRT Exits)

Concourse Skyline

There is a negative correlation between the number of mrt exits and the patronage of the Cheers store.

Patronage

1.2 1.06 703

204

240

0 Prime Centre

Location and Revenue

Jalan Besar

Concourse Skyline

102

DATA ANALYSIS

gCentrality (Bussiness)

There is a negative correlation of the number of business location accessible within 600m from the Cheers store.

Patronage

5360

4820

4650

703

Prime Centre

240

204 Jalan Besar

gCentrality (Building Area)

Concourse Skyline

There is a positive correlation of the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s area that are accessible from the Cheers store within 600m. The team conjects that larger buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s area, the higher density of people, hence the higher probability of people to access Cheers store.

Patronage

64660 57070 42930

703 Prime Centre

Location and Revenue

204 Jalan Besar

240 Concourse Skyline

103

CONCLUSION

Analysis 1. Our findings indicated that higher facility density leads to a greater increase in patrons as compared to offices and retail outlets. The team suspects that such places do not cater food and drinks as well as the other two places, leading to higher patronage of conveinience stores.

Observations This suggests that other physical factors are more influential and these factors are not accounted in the analysis above. The other factors the team hypothesizes that may be important include:

1. Street width (for pedestrian) 2. Presence of other convenience stores 3. Shortest path to attractive locations 4. Walkability of street (crossings) 2. Based on our data set for the 5. Presence of landmark(s) 3 selected Cheers stores, we conclude that for every bus stop For example, the street width in front of the Jalan Basah store is very in 600m, there will be a significant narrow compared to that of the Prime Centre despite being in a increase of 200 patrons for the highly populated area. This causes the walkway to be use primarily as a transition space to greater retail attractions such as OG, Rocher store. Centre, and Sim Lim Tower as compared to the large walkways in front In the larger data set of the 16 of the Prime Centre store that can function as a lingering space for Cheers stores, betweeness and pedestrians. accessibility does not play a role in the success of the Cheers The Cheers store at the Concourse skyline did better than the one stores. These variables seem at Jalan Besar in terms of daily patronage despite having a lower to be randomly related to store betweeness value. The team suspects that the lack of accessibility has patronage even though the actually brought more sales to the Concourse Skyline store as this low team had previously thought accessibility also applies to residents and office workers in the vicinity. that higher betweeness and They may be less willing to cross the street to get ammenities that are accessibility coefficient would more competitively priced. lead to higher patronage. The Prime Centre store experiences the highest number of daily sales because it is located at a cross junction and is fed by crossings in two directions. Moreover, it is surrounded by various landmarks such as institutions and hotels.

Location and Revenue

104

DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Street Level Proximity From our site observations, only the Prime Centre store was situated at street level, while Jalan Besar was below street level and Concourse Skyline store was above street level. This led the team to conclude that street level proximity is important. Thus we would propose situation Concourse Skyline future cheers stores to be levelled along street level or move current stores to level with the street. 2. Land-Use Density From the teamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s betweenness analysis, we realised the higher the density of buildings around Cheers store, the higher the patronage. Hence for Jalan Besar and Concourse Skyline, more buildings can be injected around these two areas, or move them to where there is a higher building land-use density. 3. Higher Visibility at Traffic Junction

-1

Jalan Besar

Prime Centre

From the teamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s observed number of passerbys, the Jalan Besar store and Prime Centre store had similar results. However, when comparing the number of visitors who actually made a purchase, the Jalan Besar store is significantly lesser than that of Prime Centre store. This could be due to the front facing direction of the shops. For the Prime Centre store, it faces the intersection, while the Jalan Besar store faces away from the intersection. Thus many passersby may be less inclined to walk into the Jalan Besar store as they are less aware of its entrance. To make the store frontage to be more apparent, it should be located facing the intersection as shown below. 4. Zebra Crossing The team realised the Concourse Skyline is mainly located to exclusively serve the patrons from the Concourse and Concourse Skyline residents, with only two overhead bridges connecting to the area. Hence, the team would like to propose the implementation of a zebra crossing at the following location for it to increase its patronage to visitors and tourists roaming in the busy street opposite the road.

Location and Revenue

ZEBRA CROS SING

105