MA.NI.FES.TO-ME // Women of the world, Unite!

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WOMEN OF THE WORLD, UNITE! para um manifesto femmage


09. We want to glorify war - the only cure for the world - militarism, patriotism, the destructive gesture of the anarchists, the beautiful ideas which kill, and contempt for woman. 10. We want to demolish museums and libraries, fight morality, feminism and all opportunist and utilitarian cowardice. F.T. Marinetti, Manifesto Futurista (1909)


One day in 1970 fifty thousand women marched down Fifth Avenue in New York. It is said to have been the biggest women’s gathering since suffrage days, a little more than half a century before. The 1970 event was more a critique of that half-century than an hommage and commemoration of the suffrage amendment. WHY, it implicitly asked, had fifty years passed without significant correction of the deficiencies of women’s roles in (American) society? (...) In the watershed year, 1970, a group called Women Artists in Revolution (WAR) protested the unequal gender proportions in the Whitney Museum’s annual survey exhibitions. (...) In the art world as elsewhere these events protested not only the male-dominated power structure of the present and its threatening influence on the future, but also its distortions of the past.


Contexto - The personal is political. Todos os manifestos são distorcidos e extremistas; não são mais do que listas de desejos de super ambiciosos, de pequeninos Napoleões.

Cine Qua Non 03, How to write a manifesto (2010)

Não haverá na história, provavelmente, um equivalente feminino de Napoleão, no entanto muitos são os manifestos femininos (feministas?) e nem por isso menos ambiciosos. Além disso, poucos foram os movimentos humanos que perduraram por muito tempo ou que se repetiram ao longo da história e, contudo, o movimento feminista conta já com 3 correntes num período de quase 3 séculos. Começando no séc. XVIII com Mary Wollstonecraft em Inglaterra, a conhecida como primeira corrente feminista reivindicava sobretudo o direito ao voto feminino movimento das sufragistas (sendo a Nova Zelândia, em 1893, o primeiro país a conceder total igualdade de voto às mulheres). Cerca de meio século depois e passadas duas guerras mundiais, a segunda corrente feminista dos anos 60/70 contestava agora por direitos que permaneciam desrespeitados pela chamada “supremacia masculina”, reivindicando, acima de tudo, a igualdade de direitos e oportunidades de género, questões associadas à sexualidade, ao trabalho e à reprodução. Influenciados por ideais de personalidades femininas da primeira corrente feminista (e.g. Virginia Woolf, Simone de Beauvoir, etc.) e embebidos do espírito revolucionário das manifestações anti-guerra e anti-racismo nos EUA, os protestos feministas mobilizaram centenas e até milhares de mulheres por todo o mundo (centrando-se, contudo, mais nos EUA e nalguns países europeus). Os manifestos deste movimento, recorrendo a maior ou menor polémica, davam conta de uma sociedade passiva e cega perante a inferiorização da mulher em relação ao homem, do silenciamento imposto da mulher por meio de condutas sociais tão enraizadas pelo domínio masculino milenar, da consideração da mulher enquanto mero símbolo e objecto sexuais e da sua liberdade nula, quer em relação ao seu próprio corpo, quer ao seu intelecto. Unindo-se por vezes aos movimentos de libertação


negra, os movimentos feministas e particularmente os movimentos artísticos feministas faziam-se valer das linguagens correntes da época e do quotidiano bem como de medidas de sensibilização e consciencialização (“consciousness raising”) para passar as suas mensagens. Soavam palavras de ordem como The personal is political - There are no personal solutions at this time. There is only collective action for a collective solution de Carol Hanisch do movimento Redstockings e Sisterhood is powerful. Na lista de manifestos feministos contam-se manifestos como: The Radical Women Manifesto (1967); Redstockings Manifesto (1969); SCUM Manifesto (1969, um dos mais polémicos da já por si polémica Valerie Solanas); WSABAL Manifesto (1970); manifestos de Mierle Ladermann Ukeles; Women’s Art: A manifesto (1972, Valie Export) entre muitos outros. Na sequência destes protestos e manifestos é aprovada, então, em 1972 a ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) sendo posteriormente proclamado pelo presidente Ford “In this Land of the Free, it is right, and by nature it ought to be, that all men and women are equal before the law.” Passado o fervor das manifestações, alguns dos movimentos dissolveram-se ou tomaram novas formas. No entanto, grupos como as Guerrilla Girls e grupos da terceira corrente do movimento feminista (que reivindica a multiculturalidade feminina e contesta ainda por alguns dos direitos não alcançados pela segunda corrente) mantêm-se activos. Apesar da “democratização” permitida pela internet, alguns dos grupos iniciados nos anos 90 não conseguem atingir o mesmo impacto que os movimentos anteriores, contudo têm permitido um alargar do espectro de actuação e de envolvimento com instituições maiores, como a “Human Rights Watch” e a Amnistia Internacional.


R.E.S P. E.C.T.


S.

.

(oo) What you want (oo) Baby, I got (oo) What you need (oo) Do you know I got it? (oo) All I'm askin' (oo) Is for a little respect when you come home (just a little bit) Hey baby (just a little bit) when you get home (just a little bit) mister (just a little bit)

I ain't gonna do you wrong while you're gone Ain't gonna do you wrong (oo) 'cause I don't wanna (oo) All I'm askin' (oo) Is for a little respect when you come home (just a little bit) Baby (just a little bit) when you get home (just a little bit) Yeah (just a little bit)

I'm about to give you all of my money And all I'm askin' in return, honey Is to give me my profits When you get home (just a, just a, just a, just a) Yeah baby (just a, just a, just a, just a) When you get home (just a little bit) Yeah (just a little bit)

Find out what it means to me...

Ooo, your kisses (oo) Sweeter than honey (oo) And guess what? (oo) So is my money (oo) All I want you to do (oo) for me Is give it to me when you get home (re, re, re ,re) Yeah baby (re, re, re ,re) Whip it to me (respect, just a little bit) When you get home, now (just a little bit)

R-E-S-P-E-C-T Find out what it means to me R-E-S-P-E-C-T Take care, TCB

Oh, A little respect (sock it to me, sock it to me) Whoa, babe (just a little bit) A little respect (just a little bit) I get tired (just a little bit) Keep on tryin' (just a little bit) You're runnin' out of foolin' (just a little bit) And I ain't lyin' (just a little bit) When you come home (re, re, re ,re) Or you might walk in (respect, just a little bit) And find out I'm gone (just a little bit) I got to have (just a little bit) A little respect (just a little bit)


Women today: revolution or regression From my own point of view, not much has changed since those early days. Women are still discriminated against in virtually every area of contemporary society: we earn less than two-thirds as much as men do, we own less than one percent of the property in the country, and we constitute the smallest minority in the government at large. (...) Part of the reason that so little substantive change has taken place is that once again we are living in a politically conservative climate, one that has in recent years nurtured the defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment, taken a forceful stand against women's control of our own bodies in terms of abortion rights, encouraged homophobia, promoted heterosexuality and family life as "natural" in the face of the AIDS epidemic, and in general nurtured a determined backlash to feminist attitudes and strategies. In the 1970's many women "cleaned house", reordering priorities and relationships in a struggle to achieve power and autonomy in the home, the workplace, and the political sphere. Early feminists felt victimized by the authority and power of an entrenched patriarchy and reacted against "the enemy" with a moral fervor reminiscent of the civil rights and antiwar activities of the 1960's. The women's movement was all practice and no theory. Today, with the exception of a few individuals and an occasional group effort (like that of the Guerrilla Girls), most feminist efforts are taking place in the arena of criticism and theory. Postmodernism, with its emphasis on the problems of marginalization in general, has helped us to think not in simple dichotomies of right and wrong, male and female, dominant and dominated, but in terms of discourse, whose very nature precludes such polarization and instead raises issues of hegemony and difference - cultural, racial and sexual, among others. However, today there is no real community of women, no collective action against repressive attitudes (many of which have become law), and there is a general paralysis when it comes to establishing an equal division of labor in the areas of homemaking and child care. While more women are visible now than in 1970 (...) practice and theory have yet to meet in our century to provide the equity that might lead to real social change. Marcia Tucker (1989)



MA.NI.FES.TO-ME As a woman I have no country, As a woman, I want no country, As a woman, the world is my country. Virginia Woolf (1931)

Partindo da referência inicialmente apresentada, o filme !WAR - Women Art Revolution (2010) de Lynn Hershman Leeson, são imensos os manifestos e referências relativos a este temática da mulher e particularmente da mulher artista. Contudo, nenhum me pareceu suficientemente completo e forte por si só de modo a poder ser transposto para os dias de hoje sem se tornar algo datado e até redutor das prementes questões actuais relativas à mulher e, consequentemente, à sociedade. Nesse sentido, e para evitar a elaboração de um manifesto próprio, a minha proposta prende-se com a realização de um manifesto Femmage (conceito de Miriam Shapiro que une os conceitos de collage/découpage e femme). Este manifesto passa pela colagem de diversos pontos de diversos manifestos feministas (desde manifestos do principio do séc. XX, a manifestos mais recentes) a fim de criar um manifesto das mulheres e pelas mulheres, por excelência. Esse manifesto tentará responder com acção sobre as questões levantadas por Marcia Tucker e que permanecem, tristemente, actuais. No seu A Manifesto Valie Export dá conta de que “a história da mulher é a história do homem” e de que aquilo que encaramos enquanto História possui ainda a visão masculina desta, terminando com “o futuro das mulheres será a história da mulher.”. Assim, tendo como motes o título de uma conversa de Carol Hanisch e Elizabeth Sutherland Women of the world, unite!, este manifesto não possui a pretensão de valores meramente pessoais, mas antes a identificação destes naqueles já manifestados por outras e ainda silenciados.


Referências MANIFESTOS STILES, Kristine; SELZ, Peter. Theories and documents of contemporary art: a sourcebook of artists’ writings. University of California Press, 1996. (disponível em: http://books.google.pt/) Women’s Art: A Manifesto (1972, Valie Export) Woman as protagonist (1984, Nancy Spero) Woman in the year 2000 (1975, Carolee Schneemann) The name of the game (1991, Suzanne Lacy) Feminist Art Manifests - http://cteditions.posterous.com/feminist-art-manifestos Redstocking’s Manifesto - http://www.redstockings.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=artic le&id=76&Itemid=59 Women of the World, Unite! - http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/notes/#ourmen Radical Women Manifesto - http://books.google.pt/ Truisms (Jenny Holzer) - http://mfx.dasburo.com/art/truisms.html Maintenance Manifesto - http://www.feldmangallery.com/media/pdfs/Ukeles_MANIFESTO.pdf GERAL NOCHLIN, Linda. Women, Art, and Power and other essays. Londres: Thames and Hudson, 1989. ROSEN, Randy; BRAWER, Catherine. Making their Mark - Women Artists move into the mainstream. Nova Iorque: Abbeville Press, 1989. CHADWICK, Whitney. Women, Art, and Society. Londres: Thames and Hudson, 1996. LUPTON, Ellen. Mechanical Brides. Nova Iorque: Princeton Architectural Press, 1993. Women Art Revolution - http://www.womenartrevolution.com/ Lynn Hershman Leeson - http://www.fondation-langlois.org/html/e/page.php?NumPage=168 Barbara Kruger - http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/Literary_Criticism/feminism/kruger/kruger.htm A Room of One’s Own (Virgina Woolf) - http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91r/chapter1. html Guerrilla Girls - http://www.guerrillagirls.com/ Time Person of the year 1975 - http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/personoftheyear/archive/ stories/1975.html Sheila Levrant de Breteville - http://elupton.com/2010/07/de-bretteville-sheila-levrant/ Symposium: The Feminist Future - http://www.moma.org/explore/multimedia/audios/76/155 Beat That if you can! - http://issuu.com/slanted/docs/slanted12 TED: Women embracing tradition - http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/kavita_ramdas_radical_ women_embracing_tradition.html R.E.S.P.E.C.T (1967, Aretha Franklin) - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FOUqQt3Kg0 Four Women (1966, Nina Simone) - http://youtu.be/Nf9Bj1CXPH8 I’m a woman (1971, Peggy Lee e Johnny Cash) - http://youtu.be/rfz-aSyPIBo


FBAUL’11 DC5 Ma.ni.fes.to-me Lisa Hartje Moura 4781


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