B
CRITERIA DESIGN
Fig. 1
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B.1.
Research Field - Biomimicry As mentioned in Part A, it is a big challenge to achieve building’s sustainability at present. The former case studies also demonstrated that there are still some limitations while using computational power to optimize the design. Therefore, it is necessary for architects to take full advantages of computational design from a new perspective. Biomimicry becomes one of the hottest topics in architecture. In simple terms, biomimicry is to solve complex human problems, through imitating the elements of nature. 1 Biomimicry in architecture has many applications, while the architectural form is the most common application. In general, it is called “Bionic Architecture�.
1. Zach Mortice, "Nature Does It Better: Biomimicry In Architecture And Engineering", Redshift, 2016 <https://www.autodesk.com/ redshift/biomimicry-in-architecture/> [Accessed 20 April 2018].
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Fig. 2
Precedent Project 1 Canopy by United Visual Artists From the perspective of architectural form in Bionic architecture, Maple Leaf Square Canopy, which is also called Canopy, is a project that done by UVA (United Visual Artists).1 This project is the reproduction of natural light in a forest. It is a sculpture that spanning the front faรงade of the building, consisting of thousands of identical modules within a 90-meter organic mesh.2 The aim of this form is to imitate the effect of the dappled light on the ground to reflect nature, which is like people walking through the forest. In order to produce the natural irregularity and beauty, there are over 8000 identical polygonal modules forming together and making up different natural elements such as the cells of leaves and the shape of the maple leaf.3
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1. Nico Saieh, "Maple Leaf Square Canopy / United Visual Artists", Archdaily, 2010 <https://www.archdaily.com/81576/maple-leafsquare-canopy-united-visual-artists> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 2. "Canopy By United Visual Artists - Designplaygrounds", Designplaygrounds, 2015 <http://designplaygrounds.com/deviants/ canopy-by-by-united-visual-artists/> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 3. Nico Saieh, "Maple Leaf Square Canopy / United Visual Artists", Archdaily, 2010 <https://www.archdaily.com/81576/maple-leafsquare-canopy-united-visual-artists> [Accessed 20 April 2018].
Fig. 3
Precedent Project 2 ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2011 This pavilion is an exploration that integrate the biological structure of the sea urchin into architectural design.4 Because it aimed at developing a modular system that could provide enough capacity. Through studying the biological structure of the sand dollar, which is belonging to sea urchins. The architects found that the particular geometric arrangement of their plates and joining systems could provide high capacity. 5 This new structure also allows a wide range of custom geometry to fit in, while traditional lightweight construction can only load optimized shapes.6 However, it brought challenges for construction because of more than 850 geometrically different components, as well as more than 100,000 finger joints.7 It is still an innovation that expanded the degree of integration of bionics and architecture. 4. Amy Frearson, "ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion At The University Of Stuttgart | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2011 <https://www.dezeen. com/2011/10/31/icditke-research-pavilion-at-the-university-of-stuttgart/> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 5. "ICD | ITKE Research Pavilion 2011 / ICD/ITKE University Of Stuttgart", Archdaily, 2012 <https://www.archdaily.com/200685/ icditke-research-pavilion-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 6. Archdaily. 7. Amy Frearson, "ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion At The University Of Stuttgart | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2011 <https://www.dezeen. com/2011/10/31/icditke-research-pavilion-at-the-university-of-stuttgart/> [Accessed 20 April 2018].
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A
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B.2.
B
C
D
B A F
C
D Exploration G
Iterations A - Redefining the polygons size and number of sides B - Changing the floating points number C - Changing the number of curves on each surface while keeping increasing the floating points number D- Changing the expresssions and decreasing the number of Cluster components E - Decreasing floating points number to maximum extent, and drcreasing Cluster components F - Increasing the number of seeds to a higher level G - Changing the curves on each pattern and seeds
E
n Process
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G
E
Case Study 1.0
The Morning Line 7
All the iterations are based on the basic individual component that building up the Morning Line, in order to explore the original definition in grasshopper to a maximum extent. Besides, the new iterations are mainly based on three aspects of grasshopper definition, which are defining the polygons size and number of side, creating the tetrahedron and initial iterations, drawing a pattern on each face and drawing curves. Thus, the whole exploration process is progressive, as shown in the above exploration process diagram, which allows the ideal iteration could be explored and developed further.
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Selection Criteria Client – Flying Fox Bat Suitability – appropriate in size and form to fit this type of large bats for moving in and out Stability – providing enough structural stability to resist the influences of kinetic energy that caused by the bat while they suddenly catching the structure Sustainability – sustainable, durable, environmental friendly materials – good for bats’ health without any chemical hazards Complexity – easy or hard to fabricate and construct, compared to traditional bat boxes
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Suitability Stability
Rendered Image
Sustainability Complexity
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Vector Image
Suitability
Vector Image
Stability Sustainability Complexity
Rendered Image
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Suitability Stability Sustainability Complexity
Vector Image
Rendered Image
Bottom View 12
Suitability Stability Sustainability Complexity
Rendered Image
Vector Image
B.2. 13
B.3.
Case Study 2.0 BanQ / Office dA
The fundamental requirements of designing this interior space of Banq restaurant are to maximize the flexibility of the ground space and fit various mechanical systems into space. Thus, Banq restaurant used a striated wood-slatted system to cover the entire ceiling, because it could visually hide the mechanical, plumbing, and lighting systems, as well as providing a virtual canopy for the interior space of this restaurant.1 More importantly, this type of design could ensure the flexibility and versatility of ground space to meet different activitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs. 2 The geometry of the wood slats is radiused, which could smoothen the boundaries of adjacent areas and increase the integrity of the whole ceiling.3
Fig. 4
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1. "Banq / Office Da", Archdaily, 2009 <https://www.archdaily.com/42581/banq-office-da> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 2. "BANQ", NADAAA, 2008 <http://www.nadaaa.com/portfolio/banq/?id=159> [Accessed 20 April 2018]. 3. "Banq / Office Da", Archdaily, 2009 <https://www.archdaily.com/42581/banq-office-da> [Accessed 20 April 2018].
Fig. 5
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Reverse-enginee Step 1
Step 2
Set up the surface
Step 5
Image sampler and amplification of movement
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Generate a group of points on the surface
Step 6
Find the extents of the surface and create intersection planes
er / 8 main steps Step 3
Step 4
Move points
Step 7
Set up the plane and project an object onto an plane
Create a surface from the points
Step 8
Create a lofted surface through a set of section curves
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Process Diagramn plane
Set up the surface
Generate a group of points on the surface
Move points
Create a s
Image sampler and amplification of movement
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Find the extents of the surface and create intersection planes
surface from the points
Set up the plane and project an object onto an plane
Create a lofted surface through a set of section curves
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B.4.
Technique: Development
Primary Iterations The nine vector outputs are the first step to explore the definition of the second case study by changing the number and movement in the surface division, in order to understand the basic components for running the design.
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B. 4.
Further Exploration of Primary Iterations - Rendered Outputs - There are four main type of iterations that based on the reverseengineered definition, only changing the number of some components.
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Main Changes for primary iterations - Dividing the surface (1/2/3) - Changing the movement (4/5) - Extruding (6/7/8/9) - Changing the direction (10/11/12)
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B. 4.
Reconsideration for Selection Criteria and Practical Application Designing shelters for flying fox bats, the traditional bat boxes that are fixed to the trees are not practical because they cannot be oversized to ensure stability. In addition, the habit of these large bats is to hang on tree branches instead of staying inside a small box. Thus, So, finding a perfect structure that can stretch in the air like a tree branch could become a design worth considering.
Secondary Design after Reconsideration Based on these considerations, the four corners of the original plane are stretched to connect to other trees in reality. Besides, taking into account the actual use of the situation, the entire structure should become very large compared to traditional bat boxes, because the flying fox bats are very big. Therefore, the plane reserved two large holes. The purpose of this is to ensure that the bat can fly freely, even if this design is installed in the jungle. On the other hand, this design of holes and gaps allows more natural light to pass through while simulating natural shades on the ground. Then, as shown in the images (A - E) , five different designs were generated by exploring new iterations. There are three types out of the five iterations were further optimized.
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A
B
C
D
E
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More Iterations
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Optimization for structural stability
Optimization for practicability
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The Third Version
Further Exploration The former iterations have revealed a problem that deserves consideration. That is, a large area of holes will have a certain influence on the stability of the entire structure. Therefore, this third version of new exploration has made a new change by reducing the number of holes and changing the position, in order to achieve a balance between practicability and stability.
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Parameter Adjustments
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Further Opt
above - perspecti
below - bottom vi
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timizations
ive - vector output
iew - raster output
Selected Design
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Rendered View 32
B.5.
Technique: Prototypes
B.6.
Technique: Proposal
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Group Project by Bella Chow Sam Bonwick Fyfe Lixiang Zhang
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Prototype
PRECEDENTS Precedents
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AGGREGATION AND COMPUTATION METHOD
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AGGREGATION AND COMPUTATION METHOD
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D
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KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
LIVABILTY - Chosen site is appropria water and fruitful trees fo - Materials used reflects t
USEFULLNESS FOR CLIENT - Responds to the need of - Allows sunlight to enter in body temperature
SUITABILITY IN COMPARISO - Appropriate in form and s - Is an open structure that
PROGRAM THAT REFLECTS - Materiality - Structure/ form reflects th
AGGREGATION - Creates complexity from - Maximises habitable surfa
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ate for the client and is their prefered habitat location surrounded by or feeding. the nature of the material of the trees they live in (natural habitat)
T a new habitat that will not break due to heavy loads of bat families nto the structure for client to bask in the sun and be at a comfortable
ON TO CURRENT BAT BOX sizing to fit even the largest of bat communities allows bats to hang with space and fly in from the top/ bottom
S THAT OF THE CLIENTS NATURAL HABITAT
he program behind a strong branch
simple geometry ace area
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FABRICATION PROPOS MATERIAL OPTIONS
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SAL
CHOSEN MATE
LASER CUTTIN
Laser cut individual geo make up the structures then manually fix toget and glue.
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Laser cut individual geo make up the structures then manually fix toget and glue.
TECHTONIC SYSTEM
Notches in each of the ture will provide the m position. However to e non toxic glue will be
Glue toxicity Joins with timber howe adhesive that bonds tim
It is non-toxic, non-flam the bats if they come in
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CHOSEN MATERIAL
Medium 3.0mm Dimensi the mate
LASER CUTTING FABRICATION SYS
Laser cut individual geometries that make up the structures composition then manually fix together with notches and glue.
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TECHTONIC SYSTEM
m Density Fibreboard
ionally stabel, Homogenous material that reflects eriality of the clients natural habitat.
STEM
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Laser cut individual geometries that make up the structures composition then manually fix together with notches and glue.
TECHTONIC SYSTEM
Notches in each of the geometric components that m ture will provide the main structural connections to th position. However to ensure that the notches stay in p non toxic glue will be used to fix the notches to eacho
Glue toxicity Joins with timber however for extra strength will be glued adhesive that bonds timber together with a great amoun
It is non-toxic, non-flammable & Solvent free so that the g the bats if they come into contact with it on the structure
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make up the struche structural complace Weldbond other.
d with Weldbond that is a universal nt of strength.
+
glue will not impact negatively on e.
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MATERIAL EXPLORATION
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3D Model for Prototype 56
Render
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B.7.
Learning Objectives and Outcomes
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Through further research and development of the two case studies, including subsequent adjustments and optimizations, the part b allowed me to further understand more definitions in grasshopper and the process, as well as the relationship between different components. There is no doubt that this part puts higher demands on the use of grasshopper. But in general, this part once again confirms the tremendous advantages and the power of parametric design. Skilled application of grasshopper can not only save a lot of time and energy for design but also explore the whole design to a new level. However, how to better use the power of parametric for practical design needs, this issue requires more learning and exploration in the future.
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B.8.
Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches
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The design of the two algorithmic sketches are the relatively successful examples. Compared with part A's sketches, the differences are that these examples use more complex and different components, for instance, combining two main groups together and generate new shapes, and the whole design by grasshopper completely instead of setting up an object in Rhino first. The first sketch is similar to an extension of the case study of Spanish Pavilion. However, it used a completely different approach to get similar results, which illustrates the scalability of grasshopper that using different methods to get the same thing. The second exploration was inspired by the circular geometry of definitions of the Morning Line. To sum up, the algorithmic sketches were attempts to generate more complex designs for practical needs by grasshopper.
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Rendered
Outputs
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Raster Outputs
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Vector Output 65
Raster Output
R
Rendered Output 66
References "BANQ", NADAAA, 2008 <http://www.nadaaa.com/portfolio/banq/?id=159> [Accessed 20 April 2018] "Banq / Office Da", Archdaily, 2009 <https://www.archdaily.com/42581/banq-office-da> [Accessed 20 April 2018] "Canopy By United Visual Artists - Designplaygrounds", Designplaygrounds, 2015 <http:// designplaygrounds.com/deviants/canopy-by-by-united-visual-artists/> [Accessed 20 April 2018] Frearson, Amy, "ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion At The University Of Stuttgart | Dezeen", Dezeen, 2011 <https://www.dezeen.com/2011/10/31/icditke-research-pavilion-at-the-university-of-stuttgart/> [Accessed 20 April 2018] "ICD | ITKE Research Pavilion 2011 / ICD/ITKE University Of Stuttgart", Archdaily, 2012 <https://www. archdaily.com/200685/icditke-research-pavilion-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart> [Accessed 20 April 2018] Mortice, Zach, "Nature Does It Better: Biomimicry In Architecture And Engineering", Redshift, 2016 <https://www.autodesk.com/redshift/biomimicry-in-architecture/> [Accessed 20 April 2018] Saieh, Nico, "Maple Leaf Square Canopy / United Visual Artists", Archdaily, 2010 <https://www. archdaily.com/81576/maple-leaf-square-canopy-united-visual-artists> [Accessed 20 April 2018]
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Images Figure 1 http://www.formakers.eu/project-125-dimitrie-stefanescu-patrick-bedarfbogdan-hambasan-za11pavillion Figure 2 https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/55f8/037d/d4f7/b722/1500/00e0/large_jpg/uva_ canopy__4.jpg?1442317176 Figure 3 https://www.archdaily.com/200685/icditke-research-pavilion-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart/5004 e8bc28ba0d4e8d000dd7-icditke-research-pavilion-icd-itke-university-of-stuttgart-photo Figure 4 https://www.arch2o.com/banq-restaurant-office-da/arch2o-banq-office-da-12/ Figure 5 https://www.modlar.com/photos/4967/banq-restaurant-dining-area/
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