medicine & performance The official magazine of the Football Medicine & Performance Association
Issue 29 Summer 2019
Feature
Position Specific & Positional Play Training in Elite Football: Context Matters In this issue FMPA Conference Award Winners 2019 Maximising player availability whilst respecting the fundamental ethics of healthcare in sport Pre-Season – When Foundations Are Laid
Legal • Education • Recruitment • Wellbeing
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CONTENTS WELCOME
7
FEATURES
9 The “Football Creditors Rule” What Does it Mean for You? Marin Price FMPA Lawyer
Updates
25 A Balancing Act: Maximising Player Availability Whilst Respecting the Fundamental Ethics of Healthcare in Sport Dr Rob Tatham
10 Can Modern Football Match Demands be Translated Into Novel Training and Testing Modes? Paul S Bradley, Michele Di Mascio, Magni Mohr, Dan Fransson, Carl Wells, Alexandre Moreira, Julen Castellano, Antonio Gomez Diaz & Jack D Ade 15 The Importance of a Uniform Club Philosophy for Enhancing Athlete Health and Performance Adam Brett & Will Abbott - Brighton & Hove Albion FC
20 FMPA Conference Award Winners 2019
ABOUT
29 How to Thrive With a Little Help From Your Friends 31 Position Specific & Positional Play Training in Elite Football: Context Matters Paul S Bradley, Andres Martin-Garcia, Jack D Ade, Antonio Gomez Diaz 36 Pre-season – When Foundations Are Laid UEFA 40 FMPA Register
Football Medicine & Performance Association 6A Cromwell Terrace, Gisburn Road, Barrowford, Lancashire, BB9 8PT T: 0333 456 7897 E: info@fmpa.co.uk W: www.fmpa.co.uk FMPA_Official Officialfmpa fmpa_official LinkedIn: Football Medicine & Performance Association FMPA_Register
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Chief Executive Officer Eamonn Salmon eamonn.salmon@fmpa.co.uk
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Contributors Paul S. Bradley, Michele Di Mascio, Magni Mohr, Dan Fransson, Carl Wells, Alexandre Moreira, Julen Castellano, Antonio Gomez, Jack D. Ade, Gary Souter, Professor Laura Serrant OBE, Dr Robin Lewis, UEFA Direct, Dr Rob Tatham, Andres MartinGarcia, Antonio Gomez Diaz
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COVER IMAGE Derby County v West Bromwich Albion - Sky Bet Championship Pride Park Stadium. Derby County’s Martyn Waghorn leaves the pitch after incurring an injury. Darren Staples / EMPICS Sport / PA Images Football Medicine & Performance Association. All rights reserved. The views and opinions of contributors expressed in Football Medicine & Performance are their own and not necessarily of the FMPA Members, FMPA employees or of the association. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a retrieval system without prior permission except as permitted under the Copyright Designs Patents Act 1988. Application for permission for use of copyright material shall be made to FMPA. For permissions contact admin@fmpa.co.uk
feature
football medicine & performance
THE IMPORTANCE OF A UNIFORM CLUB PHILOSOPHY FOR ENHANCING ATHLETE HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE FEATURE / ADAM BRETT & WILL ABBOTT - BRIGHTON & HOVE ALBION FC Professional football clubs are huge organisms, with numerous contributing parts. To achieve success it is vital the individual parts, for example the science and medical department, are aligned and working towards a common goal. Considering science and medical departments are comprised of physiotherapy, sport science, strength and conditioning, psychology and nutrition disciplines, this can equate to a large number staff. To increase collaboration between sub-disciplines, and avoid working within individual ‘silos’, a collective philosophy for the department must be formulated. A departmental philosophy, that each staff member and sub-discipline has contributed towards, allows for a collective vision and direction to be established. This ensures staff member’s efforts are streamlined towards the overall aim, and ensures accountability within the department. From an academy perspective, it is vital the academy aims and philosophy feeds into the 1st Team’s. The academy aim is to produce players for the 1st Team, with a higher likelihood of success if
the 1st Team’s aims, philosophy, and athlete expectations are considered. At Brighton and Hove Albion FC (BHAFC), the science and medical department’s philosophy centres around four key performance pillars that run throughout the academy and 1st Team (Figure 1). These are: •
Enhance & Educate - enhancing physical qualities, and educating athletes surrounding their lives inside and outside the club.
•
Prevent & Protect - preventing and protecting against illness and injury.
•
Motivate & Inspire - motivating and inspiring a long-term love for what the athletes do.
•
Produce & Perform - the closer the proximity to 1st Team, the larger the emphasis placed upon producing and performing.
KEY PERFORMACE PILLARS
ENHANCE & EDUCATE PREVENT & PROTECT MOTIVATE & INSPIRE
PRODUCE & PERFORM Figure 1. BHAFC key performance pillars
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feature Whilst sharing a science and medical philosophy between academy and 1st Team, it’s vital to acknowledge the implementation of the philosophy will differ significantly at each of the developmental stages. Academy athletes are not mini adults and therefore cannot be trained like them! The BHAFC academy’s physical development framework is heavily linked to Lloyd and Oliver’s Youth Physical Development Model (2012). A high emphasis is placed upon developing strength at all development stages, regardless of age. Strength is a vital building block for physical preparation, allowing for subsequent physical qualities to be developed at a later stage. From a movement skill perspective, fundamental movement skills are targeted at younger age groups. As with strength, the aim is to ensure the ‘building blocks’ are in place first, before focusing on sport specific skills at later developmental stages. Within BHAFC, the Foundation Phase (U9U12) is our earliest contact with academy athletes, and our physical preparation work is pitch-based. A high priority at this stage is placed upon engaging the athlete and having fun. The last thing we want is for the U9s to dread S&C already, otherwise what hope have we got by the time they get to U23s! At this age, the kids within the academy are not footballers, they are kids that happen to play football, and the programme reflects that. The aim within this phase is to expose athletes to a wide breadth of movements, and to increase the quality of basic, fundamental
Multi-Sport Physical Aim
Paired Multi-Sport
Linear Speed & Plyometrics
Athletics
Acceleration
Tag Games
Deceleration
Handball
Change of Direction
Tag Rugby
Lateral Movement
Basketball
Figure 2. Example multi-sport curriculum
movement skills. We believe exposure to a wide breadth of movements can be achieved through sports other than football, an aspect we address using our multi-sport programme. The programme pairs the physical aim for the cycle with a sport eliciting similar movement patterns, an example of which is shown in Figure 2. Within the Youth Development Phase (U13-U16) the complexity and specificity of the pitch-based curriculum progresses. At U13, athletes begin the gym-based S&C programme, the primary aim of which is technical mastery of basic lifts. By U15/16 age groups, the aim is that athletes are technically
ATHLETE 1
• • •
Joined club as 9 y/o Gym based training age = 7 years Competent with core lifts and Olympic Lifts
A significant aspect of working within an academy setting, specifically the Youth Development Phase, are differences in growth and maturation. A huge role of sport science practitioners is to educate coaches, scouts and key decision makers surrounding where athletes are within their maturation journey. To ensure later developing athletes are not prematurely released due to their inability to ‘affect the game’, and that we challenge early developing athletes relying upon their temporary superior physical attributes. One way to increase consideration for individual athletes’ maturation status is via bio-banding, and grouping athletes based upon maturation. Recent research, most notably by Sean Cumming and colleagues (2018), supports the use of bio-banding in academy football. Following some very positive experiences at BHAFC with biobanded competition, we have recently trialled training in bio-banded groups for a six week period. Training and competing in bio-banded groups has allowed relevant decision makers at the club to see some athletes in a different light, and make more informed decision regarding retains or releases. Within the Professional Development Phase (U18 to U23) our programme is highly individualised, due to the large variation in training age between athletes. An example of the variability is demonstrated in Figure 3.
ATHLETE 2
• • •
Joined club as 16 y/o Gym based training age = 3 years Competent with core lifts not Olympic Lifts
Figure 3. Typical variations in gym-based training age within Professional Development Phase.
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competent with a variety of lifts, and at a level where intensity can be progressed.
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ATHLETE 3
• • •
Joined club as 19 y/o Gym based training age = 0 years First time in gym environment
football medicine & performance
Three athletes within the U23 squad, all 19 years of age, but with varying gym-based training histories. Consequently, the aim and content of each individual’s programme differs significantly to cater for their individual needs, and respective stage of development. The Professional Development Phase is characterised by a large increase in technical and tactical training, due to training full time. Athletes are therefore exposed to a large volume of physical stimuli through the footballing aspect of the programme. Rather than pile on more of the same stimulus through our pitch-based work, a more efficient use of time is to identify important physical stimuli not currently present, and focus upon eliciting these. With the volume of training sessions being conducted within this phase, the periodisation of training load becomes increasingly important, ensuring a good balance of drills and physical exposures throughout the week. An athlete’s transition to the 1st Team typically involves experiencing 1st Team football on loan first. This exposes athletes to high volumes of matches, fixture congestion, the physical challenge of playing against men, but is also a huge learning curve surrounding the level of professionalism required to remain available to train and play over a long season. During a loan spell away from
BHAFC, athletes may experience different facilities, environments, and levels of support. Consequently, we have a role in providing them with the necessary tools, education and support to equip them for these situations. This is achieved through our loan education programme, which encompasses the following areas: •
Nutrition
•
Alcohol
•
Sleep
•
Physical Preparation
•
Mental Wellbeing
The successful transition of an academy athlete to the 1st Team squad is a difficult task. The fluidity of this transition is increased by a shared club philosophy. If physical benchmarks are set for athletes graduating into the 1st Team, academy staff can focus their efforts towards achieving these. Achievement of physical benchmarks or key transition criteria results in a smoother transition for academy athletes, and a higher likelihood of tolerating the 1st Team environment. Identification of benchmarks, alongside open and honest communication regarding academy athlete’s development, is a vital aspect of a science and medical department.
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Cumming, S. P., Brown, D. J., Mitchell, S., Bunce, J., Hunt, D., Hedges, C., Crane, G., Gross, A., Scott, S., Franklin, E., Breakspear, D., Dennison, L., White, P., Cain, A., Eisenmann, J. C., & Malina, R. M. (2018). Premier league academy soccer players’ experiences of competing in a tournament bio-banded for biological maturation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(7), 757-765. Lloyd, R. S. & Oliver, J. L. (2012). The youth physical development model: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength and Conditioning Journal 34(3), 61-72.
Adam Brett Head of Medical Services, Brighton & Hove Albion FC Dr. Will Abbott Head of Academy S&C & Sports Science, Brighton & Hove Albion FC
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