medicine & performance Issue 27 Winter 2018/19
The official magazine of the Football Medicine & Performance Association
Feature
Testing & Training
output across an 8-week training cycle amongst elite level soccer players
In this issue The Effect of Sleep Nutritionists in Academy Football Life After Football Gilmore’s Groin
Legal Education Recruitment Wellbeing
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CONTENTS WELCOME
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Updates
FEATURES
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Research & Development
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FMPA Conference and Awards
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The effect of sleep on high speed running during a weekly micro-cycle in elite female soccer players Wiseman, A Stebbings, G.K
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Gilmore’s Groin Revisited Simon Marsh Rachel Rolph
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Neurogenic hamstring and calf pain in football When is a tear not a tear? Dr Simon Petrides
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The association between physical testing and training output across an 8-week training cycle amongst elite level soccer players Adam L. Owen Leo Djaoui Bruno Mendes Shane Malone Osman Ates
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FMPA Register
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The temporal pattern of recovery in eccentric hamstring strength postsoccer specific fatigue David Rhodes Lars McNaughton Matt Greig
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Life After Football – Simon Maltby
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ABOUT
The Officiating Team Modern care of football referees Carlo Castagna Mario Rizzini
Nutritionists in Academy football: A recipe for success? Mark Russell
Football Medicine & Performance Association 6A Cromwell Terrace, Gisburn Road, Barrowford, Lancashire, BB9 8PT T: 0333 456 7897 E: info@fmpa.co.uk W: www.fmpa.co.uk Chief Executive Officer Eamonn Salmon eamonn.salmon@fmpa.co.uk
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Contributors Wiseman.A, Stebbings.G.K, Mark Russell, Simon Marsh, Rachel Rolph, Dr Simon Petrides, Adam L. Owen, Leo Djaoui, Bruno Mendes, Shane Malone, Osman Ates, Carlo Castagna, Mario Rizzini, David Rhodes, Lars McNaughton, Matt Greig
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COVER IMAGE Leicester City’s Harry Maguire receives treatment for an injury. Nigel French/EMPICS Sport/ PA Images Football Medicine & Performance Association. All rights reserved. The views and opinions of contributors expressed in Football Medicine & Performance are their own and not necessarily of the FMPA Members, FMPA employees or of the association. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a retrieval system without prior permission except as permitted under the Copyright Designs Patents Act 1988. Application for permission for use of copyright material shall be made to FMPA. For permissions contact admin@fmpa.co.uk
feature
THE TEMPORAL PATTERN OF RECOVERY IN ECCENTRIC HAMSTRING STRENGTH POST-SOCCER SPECIFIC FATIGUE FEATURE / DAVID RHODES, LARS MCNAUGHTON AND MATT GREIG
E
ccentric hamstring strength is an aetiological risk factor for soccer injury. The temporal pattern of recovery post-exercise is critical in injury management. 18 male professional soccer players completed baseline assessments of eccentric hamstring strength at isokinetic speeds of 60, 150 and 300°· s−1. Post SAFT90 measures were repeated immediately, + 24 hrs, + 48 hrs and + 72 hrs. Main effects for recovery time and testing speed in average torque (AvT), peak torque (PT) and the corresponding angle ( ) were supplemented by regression modelling to describe the temporal pattern of recovery. A main effect for isokinetic testing speed was observed in PT and AvT. A main effect for recovery time highlighted greater strength pre-exercise, with a quadratic pattern to temporal recovery highlighting minima achieved at between 40–48 hrs. Strength parameters are not fully recovered until 96 hrs post soccer specific fatigue, with implications for training design and injury management, particularly within fixturecongested periods.
Park, & Lee, 2016; Walden, Hagglund, & Magnusson et al., 2011), with subsequent implications for ipsilateral strength imbalances. The temporal pattern of hamstring injury during soccer matchplay highlights fatigue as a risk factor for injury (Ekstrand, Walden, & Hagglund, 2016), with the majority of injuries incurred during the latter stages of each half. Eccentric hamstring strength has been shown to be impaired by exercise including high-intensity cycling (Mercer, Gleeson, & Wren, 2003), repeated maximal isokinetic contractions (Gleeson,
BACKGROUND Epidemiological research consistently highlights the incidence of hamstring muscular strain injury in soccer (e.g. Woods, Hawkins, & Maltby, 2004; Ekstrand, Hagglund, & Walden, 2011). Aetiological risk factors associated with the risk of hamstring strain injury include poor eccentric muscular strength (Hewett, Di Stassi, & Myer, 2013; Kim, Lee, Ahn,
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Mercer, & Campbell, 1995), and prolonged intermittent treadmill running (Greig, 2008; Rahnama, Reilly, Lees, & GrahamSmith, 2003). Spendiff, Longford, and Winter (2002) highlighted that the nature of muscle fatigue is likely to be specific to the movement pattern of the exercise protocol, with soccer characterised by an intermittent and multi-directional activity profile. A reduction in eccentric hamstring strength as a result of soccerspecific fatigue has been identified as a key contributory factor to non-contact musculoskeletal injury.
football medicine & performance
(Delextrat, Gregory, & Cohen, 2010; Greig, 2008; Opar, Williams, & Shield, 2012; Small, McNaughton, Greig, & Lovell, 2009). Despite advancements in injury prevention approaches within sports medicine and associated disciplines, the incidence and temporal pattern of non-contact musculoskeletal injury in the hamstrings over the last decade has not changed (Arnason, Andersen, Holme, Engebretsen, & Bahr, 2008; Ekstrand, Hagglund, & Walden, 2011; Ekstrand et al., 2016; Woods et al., 2004). Of note, previous research into the risk of soccer-specific fatigue has typically only considered the acute and immediate effects of a single simulated match. This experimental paradigm fails to consider the context of contemporary elite soccer, where demand is placed on the frequency and subsequent congestion of training and match-play. Fixture congestion is a contemporary concern within soccer, (Carling et al., 2015) with implications for both performance (Carling, Le Gall, & Dupont, 2012; Odetoyinbo, Wooster, & Lane, 2007; Rollo etal., 2014) and injury risk (Dellal, LagoPenas, Rey, Chamari, & Orhant, 2015; Dupont et al., 2010; Ekstrand et al., 2011).
It is defined as a period where players are expected to compete in many matches in a short period, often represented by three games in a week (Dupont et al., 2010). Research has suggested that periods of fixture congestion increase the chance of players sustaining non-contact musculoskeletal injury (Dellal et al., 2015; Dupont et al., 2010; Ekstrand et al., 2011). It is common within soccer for players to be exposed to three games in a week, with as little as 72 hours between games. The periodisation of training microcycles and design of optimum recovery strategies would be enhanced by a greater understanding of the influence of fatigue beyond the immediate post-exercise response. The aim of the current study is therefore to quantify the temporal pattern of recovery in eccentric hamstring strength for 72 hrs after a simulated soccer specific fatigue protocol. It was hypothesised that eccentric hamstring strength measures
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would remain suppressed for 72 hrs post-exercise. Male professional soccer players are used in the current study, given the specific nature of the evidence base in regards to injury epidemiology and notation analysis used to develop the exercise protocol To read this article in full, please visit our website www.fmpa.co.uk
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REGISTER Following the launch of the FMPA Register, we have received incredible feedback and seen an increase in registrants who are keen to promote themselves within professional football, to the grassroots community and fans. Analytics have shown an increase in traffic to the FMPA site on the Register pages with a 43.8% increase, which proves that more people are accessing the Register, including grassroots and professional clubs. We have been extremely busy highlighting members to their chosen audience and on average a member has been put in front of approximately 45,000 potential clients! This is a fantastic figure and so soon after the launch! We have further initiatives in place to increase our reach even further. Watch this space!
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FMPA REGISTER TO REACH 500,000 FAN BASE The FMPA Register has been in recent talks with various organisations to help create a greater awareness of the support our members offer to fans and grassroots players. One of those we have connected with is the Football Supporters’ Federation (FSF). The Football Supporters’ Federation is an organisation representing football fans in England and Wales. It campaigns across a range of issues and supports fan representation.
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