water and rails: water ecology

IS THERE BALANCE BETWEEN THE HUMAN ACTIVITY AND NATURE? DUE 2015 // SAINT PETERSBURG WATER & RAILS STUDIO

28/03/2015

LENINGRAD REGION HYDROLOGY SWAMPS BUILDING ENVIRONMENT

LENINGRAD REGION HYDROLOGY AGRO AREAS SWAMPS FORESTS BUILDING ENVIRONMENT

LENINGRAD REGION HYDROLOGY AGRO AREAS SWAMPS FORESTS PROTECTION AREAS

SWAMPS IS

78%

OF ALL THE WATER IN THE LENINGRAD REGION.

A RIVER NETWORK IS DENSE (UP TO 0.35 KM / KM2).

LENINGRAD REGION MEASURES OF URBANIZATION

FRAGMENTATION OF THE FORESTS

LENINGRAD REGION.LENINGRAD MEASURESREGION OF URBANIZATION MEASURES OF URBANIZATION

5 KM

URBANIZATION URBANIZATION OF THE OF NEVA THE RIVER. RIVER LACK NEVA. OF NATURAL LACK BANKS OF NATURAL

SHORE

HYDROLOGY

10%

WATER IN ST. PETERSBURG OCCUPIES

OF TOTAL AREA OF THE CITY GULF OF FINLAND EXCLUDED

TOPOLOGY OF THE WATER SURFACES

GUIF

LAKES

RIVERS

SMALL RIVERS

SWAMPS

CANALS

IRRIGATION

HYDROLOGY & BUILDING ENVIRONMENT

THE NATURE OF THE WATER SURFACE

CITY

DACHA

1 KM

DENSITY OF THE WATER NETWORK

IRRIGATION

NATURAL

BORDERS & DENSITY

CITY

1 KM

ARTIFICIAL AREAS

NATURAL

BANKS

OKKERVIL RIVER THE CHARACTER OF THE BANKS IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS PHOTO BY MARINA PETROVA

BANKS

OKKERVIL RIVER THE CHARACTER OF THE BANKS IN MICRODISTRICT PHOTO BY MARINA PETROVA

BANKS

OKKERVIL RIVER THE CHARACTER OF THE BANKS IN MICRODISTRICT PHOTO BY MARINA PETROVA

HYDROLOGY & AGRO AREAS

AGRO AREAS & FORESTS

AGRO AREAS & FORESTS

5 KM

FRAGMENTATION OF THE FORESTS

AGRO AREAS & FORESTS

1 KM

FRAGMENTATION OF THE FORESTS

BORDERS OF AGRO AREAS

RIVERS

2 KM

FORESTS ARE CUT OFF FROM WATER BY AGRICULTURAL AREAS

SEA

UNDERGROUND WATER

DAM

PHOTO BY THE-VILLAGE.RU

THE DESTRUCTION OF GULF OF FINLAND EASTERN COAST AND THE ECOLOGICAL WORSENING, SANITARY AND HYGIENIC INDICATORS ARE OBSERVED AFTER THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE DAM. THE TOTAL LENGTH OF THE DAM IS 23.4 KM.

WESTERN HIGH-SPEED DIAMETER

PHOTO BY NADYA KLEVAKINA

WESTERN HIGH-SPEED DIAMETER

WESTERN HIGH-SPEED DIAMETER NEAR THE NEVA BAY

THE PROJECTED NORTHERN SECTION OF WESTERN HIGH-SPEED DIAMETER COULD DAMAGE THE THREE EXISTING SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS, SWAMP LANDS OF YUNTOLOVSKY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY. IN SOME PLACES IT BECOMES AN OBSTACLE FOR MIGRATION OF LARGE MAMMALS, SUCH ELK.

ROADS & SWAMPS

2 KM

ROADS & NEVA RIVER

5 KM

PROTECTION AREAS

THE WHITE SEA – BALTIC SEA FLYWAY LINE IS PASSED THROUGH ST. PETERSBURG. PHOTO BY NADYA KLEVAKINA

BIODIVERSITY

THE CONSUMERS LOSE

1/3

OF THE WATER SUPPLY

SIGNIFICANT ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD FALLS ON WORK ON WATER SUPPLY AND LAND RECLAMATION MARINE FACADE OF ST. PETERSBURG (NEVA BAY) AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE PORT "UST-LUGA" (LUGA BAY).

ENGINEERING FEATURES

87%

OF THE SAMPLES IN THE WATER BODIES DO NOT MEET THE STANDARDS OF SANRAN THE NATURE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE ANNUALLY RECORDS

200 ILLEGAL DUMPS

IN ST. PETERSBURG WERE FORMED ABOUT

9 MILLION M OF WASTE, INCLUDING ABOUT 7.5 MILLION 3

3 M OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

KARPOVKA

IN THE SUMMER THE PART OF THE URBAN PONDS ARE COVERED WITH DUCKWEED AND HAVE A MARSH SMELL

OHTA

IZHORA

RISKS & POLUTION

THERE IS ONLY

1 BEACH

SUITABLE FOR SWIMMING IN ST. PETERSBURG

The rivers of St. Peterburg are polluted by the residents who dump litter in them.

OKKERVIL RIVER

ST. PETERSBURG RANKS THE SECOND WORST PLACE IN RUSSIA IN TERMS OF WASTEWATER DISCHARGE PHOTO BY MARINA PETROVA

AMONG THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE CONDITION OF WATER BODIES OF THE CITY ARE AS FOLLOWS: -DISCHARGE OF UNTREATED OR INADEQUATELY TREATED SEWAGE -HOUSEHOLD SEWERAGE AND RAINWATER DISPOSAL -SNOW DISPOSAL SITES FROM CLEANING THE ROAD NETWORK OF THE CITY -DUMPS OF HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTES IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF WATER BODIES

PHOTO BY ARTYOM KISTOV

SWOT ANALYSIS

S

W

O

T

-RICH WATER SYSTEM, DIFFERENT KIND OF USES; -HIGH LEVEL OF BIODIVERSITY; -ACCESS TO THE BALTIC SEA; -DEEP WATER

-MANY ECONOMIC BENEFITS ARE RELATED WITH ECOSYSTEM; -CLEAR WATER WILL PROVIDE MANY OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATURE; -CLOSE CONNECTION WITH DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEM; -DAM OPPORTUNITIES TO DEVELOP URBANIZATION

-FLOODING

-VULNERABLE/FRAGILE ECOSYSTEM; -INTENSIVE HUMAN HABITATION IS TREAT; -WATER POLLUTION; -NO BALANCE BETWEEN ECOSYSTEM AND CITY; -NUCLEAR POWER PLANT; -IRRESPONSIBLE DO INSENTIVE USE OF WATER AND ENERGY; -LOW AIR QUALITY; -INDUSTRIAL AREAS HOED SMALL RIVERS

SWOT ANALYSIS

O S

-CLEAN WATER CAN IMPROVE OPPORTUNITIES FOR TOURISM -MORE BALANCE IMPROVE LIVEABILITY -PROJECT SMALL URBAN PARK: -NATURAL RAINWATER RETENTION -SLOWING DOWN RAIN WATER AND CLEAN IT BEFORE ITS GOES INTO CANAL -PREVENTS FLOODING -CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT

W

-BALANCE BETWEEN CITY AND ECOLOGY; MINIMIZE IMPACT

T -HAVING MORE FOREST IMPROVE LIVEABILITY/CLEAR -GOVERNMENT NOT REALLY INCLINING

CASES

FRESH KILLS PARK

BEFORE

AFTER

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: New York city department of parks and recreation LOCATION: fresh kills landямБll site, Staten Island (New York, USA) PROJECT AREA: 2,200-acre PROJECT YEAR: 2008

SHANGHAI HOUTAN PARK

BEFORE

AFTER

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: Turenscape (Beijing Turen Design Institute) LOCATION: Shanghai, 2010 Shanghai Expo Park, China PROJECT AREA: 14 hectares PROJECT YEAR: 2010

QIJIANG PARK

BEFORE

AFTER

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT: Kongjian Yu, Center for Landscape Architecture LOCATION: Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China PROJECT AREA: 23 hectares PROJECT YEAR: 2005

AUTHORS: NADYA KLEVAKINA GULNAZ NIZAMUTDINOVA OLGA MALOZEMOVA DANIIL OTMAKHOV

TUTORS: PAOLA VIGANO MARC GLAUDEMANS LORA RUDKO IRENE COGLIANO CHIARA CAVALIERI

PHOTO BY NADYA KLEVAKINA