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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE • BUILDING • DESIGN
BLD 61403 Building Technology I TUTOR : Mr Khairool Aizat
STUDENT DETAILS : Lovie Tey Yiqing 0318155 CONSTRUCTIONSOLUTIONS
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Contents Sem 5 / 2017
ON THE COVER PHOTO COURTESY OF Public Space Old market that was restructured under a new port improves direct relationship with daily life
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INTRODUCTION
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PRECEDENT STUDY 2.1 ROOF SYSTEM 2.2 FACADE SYSTEM 1 2.3 FACADE SYSTEM 2 2.4 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM 2.5 FLOORING SYSTEM
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3.0
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FACADE DESIGN SCHEME 3.1 FACADE SYSTEM 1 3.2 FACADE SYSTEM 2
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SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVES 4.1 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 1 4.2 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 2
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1.0 SITEINTRODUCTION
MONUMENTLIBRARY Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman was the main street in Kuala Lumpur at one time. It was originally known as Batu Road, so named because it began as a track leading to Batu Village, limestone caves and tin mines. Later, it was renamed Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, after our first Yang Di-Pertuan Agong. It is also the city’s longest road with shops set up in pre-war buildings along both sides. These buildings reflect changing trends in architectural design. The pre ware building still stand though most buildings have been torn down to give way to modern multi-storey buildings. The neighbourhood flourished and in the early 1890’s Jalan TAR was turned into a one way street to ease traffic flow.
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This project is a collaborative subject with Design Studio, where the students are required to design a community library. In this issue, students are encouraged to think about construction as integral part of the design, as most amateur designers tend to design spaces without thinking about the construction aspect. This assignment was designed with the intention to tackle this issue and to increase the technical competence of students. The designed community library is a monument library, with the objective to preserve the historical moments of Jalan TAR as well as a tribute to the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong and the unique monarchy system of Malaysia.
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2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY
FISH MARKET VODICE City : Vodice Country : Croatia Where : Historical Centres How : Creation
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Laminated Timber Truss Supporting Textile Membrane Covered with PTFE
2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY 2.1 ROOF SYSTEM It is made up of a framework of obliquely placed beams of laminated timber supporting textile membranes covered with polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE ). The membranes are translucent and waterproof and therefore act as a sunshade and give shelter from the rain, while also letting through a certain degree of daylight.
Textile membrane with PTFE
Laminated Timber Truss
Laminated Timber Truss Supporting Textile Membrane Covered with PTFE
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2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY MATERIAL USED TEXTILE MEMBRANE WITH PTFE PTFE coated high translucency fabric is a dynamic tensile material unmatched for its aesthetics and durability making it ideal for large scale roof. The low adhesion properties of the material result in a fabric membrane which is easily cleaned by rainwater and is immune to UV radiation. LAMINATED TIMBER TRUSS By combining engineered strength with the warmth and beauty of wood, structural glued laminated timber ( Glulam) afferes designers a multitude of options for large, open spaces with minimum number of columns. It is frequently used for spans over 100’ with no intermediate posts of columns. Glulam construction is visually and structurally adaptable, generally reduces the overall cost of project.
REASONS OPEN SPACE The large span will create a open space below the rood which is required for spaces such as the roof garden.
ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER TRUSS Flexibility and Versatility It can be linked to other components such as glum and steel beams. The long spans without intermediate supports create large open spaces. Eco-Friendly Timber consumes much lesser energy to process and minimise air and water pollution. It is the only renewable construction material and helps define sustainable development. Energy Efficient They have excellent thermal properties, especially when compared with other framing materials such as steel. They create large cavities that are easy to insulate. Durability and Strength It eliminates majority of the on-site framing problems. Accurate fabrication and constant quality control required structural integrity to a building. Fire Structural glulam members can be designed to last a certain period of time in a fire based on the rate which it chars.Additional fire protective finishes can be used to further increase the fire performance.
DISADVANTAGES OF TIMBER TRUSS Lower Resistance It have a lower resistance as compared to steel, in changing humidity.
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2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY ADVANTAGES OF PTFE MEMBRANE
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
Strength and Durability PTFE membrane is waterproof, resists UV rays and is chemically inert. It is exceptionally stain resistant and easy to clean. Eco-Friendly It can reflect as much as 60 percent of visible light to make is a cost-effective, low maintenance option as it will stays looking great for many years of service. Natural Lighting By evenly dispersing daylight, this material is attractive for buildings where interior landscaping is present. Plants have the opportunity to grow more naturally. With the fabric membrane highly reflective coating, PTFE fabric serves as a beautiful backdrop for night time.
TIMBER TO TIMBER CONNECTIONS The timber are angled, slot and bolted with metal plates.
DISADVANTAGES OF PTFE MEMBRANE Cost It requires larger foundation to prevent wind lifting.The preparation of supporting structure might be time consuming.
Reason Shades As it provides shade while allowing high percentage of light transmission, this material is exceptionally compatible with the roof top garden in the community library.
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PTFE FABRIC TO TIMBER CONNECTION The PTFE fabric membrane is channeled to the timber with grommets and lacing. Ropes is laced through the grommets and to tie a rod within the channel. 7
2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY MATERIAL USED
STRONGBACK TIMBER The joist sees parallel stress graded timber flanges, plated together with a precision engineered galvanised steel web component. METAL WEB The steel webs are plated in a ‘V’ formation, providing a lightweight structural joists that can span greater distances in comparison to a standard soloist joists and allows for easy installation and access of services throughout the building. The depth, length and specification can be adjusted and engineered to produce joists with specific performance criteria throughout the building.
STUDENT HOUSING City : Edinburg ROOF SYSTEM Trussed Rafters Trussed rafters are today’s preferred choice of roof construction for domestic buildings and are becoming increasingly favoured for commercial and industrial developments such as offices, retail, hotels and leisure centres. Attic rooms in residential developments are becoming increasingly popular to maximise plots, with some developers choosing to incorporate attic roof trusses as a precaution for future change of use.
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Metal Web Joists The metal joists open web joist system for roof applications comprises of timber chords with steel “V” webs and timber vertical webs. Combining the best features of I-joists together with an open web construction, Web joists delivers a quality product for maximum job site efficiency and overall cost effectiveness.
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2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY ADVANTAGES OF METAL WEB JOISTS
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Wide Range of Sizes The depth, length and specification can all be adjusted to produce joists with specific performance criteria that can span greater distances than solid timber joists. Design Flexibility Metal web joists can eliminate the need for load bearing intermediate walls, giving greater freedom and flexibility.
Ridge Detail
Dimensional Stability The use of smaller timber sections together with the metal webs means that there is less shrinkage and a reduced risk of squeaky floors. Improved Sound Performance Metal web joists when used with a rigid ‘strongback’ reduce vibration of a floor. Lightweight The open web structure means they are lighter to handle than solid timber joists.
Rafter Detail
Reduced Costs Increased spans, simpler installation of utilities, flexibility in design and faster erection can result insignificantly reduced building costs.
DISADVANTAGES OF Metal web joists Fire Fire can spread easily .
Heel Detail
REASONS Space Saving As the roof is placed on top of the indoor rooftop garden, it gives a feeling of huge open space as no roof truss are used. CONSTRUCTIONSOLUTIONS
Metal Web Joists Opening Detail
Eaves Detail
Hanger Detail 9
2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY POETRY FOUNDATION City : Chicago Country : United States Structure : Steel Structure Material : Perforated Zinc Cladding
2.2 FACADE SYSTEM 1 : PERFORATED ZINC CLADDING Corrugated wall panels is a type of wall cladding installed on a ventilated air space. This self supporting system can easily be installed on a metal framework fixed to the supporting structure, either mansonry or metal structure.
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ADVANTAGES OF PERFORATED ZINC CLADDING Transparency The perforation of zinc introduces transparency with variable rates of perforation. The choice of perforation rate is subjective.The size and distribution of punching can be adjusted to vary the degree of translucency of the skin. Creative To reduce the inevitable visibility of the framework behind the skin, the rigidity of the zinc panels is reinforced by customised folds that make larger distance support possible. These folds enrich the texture of the facade with numerous shadow effects. Durability It will naturally weather overtime. It requires little maintenance and continues to develop a protective layer throughout its life span and will self-repair imperfections and scratches. Lightweight Perforated panels are comparably lighter weight therefore offering a sun shading solution as well as helping reduce loadings on the structure of a building.
DISADVANTAGES OF PERFORATED ZINC CLADDING REASONS Light Penetration It helps to enhance natural ventilation and natural light penetration. The perforated zinc sheets gives a feeling of open yet private space.
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Cost The usage of panels reduces construction time and labor costs, and they are more expensive compared to traditional materials. Not waterproof They offer a great barrier to air, but not water. Waterproofing is necessary to make sure moisture does not get in. 11
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CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
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CONTEMPORARY ART CENTER City : Marseille Country : France Structure : Galvanised Steel Tube Material : Glass Facade Panel
2.3 FACADE SYSTEM 2: GLASS FACADE PANEL The glass facade panel used in FRAC is tempered and laminated and enamelled with surface treatment.Glass facade panel is an opaque coloured glass, produced by uniformly enamelling one side of the glass. Enamelled glass facade panel is used for glazing and for cladding in facade and roofs.It can be assembled into laminated glass or glazed insulation. CONSTRUCTIONSOLUTIONS
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2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY ADVANTAGES OF glass facade panel Environmentally Friendly The glass that is enamelled is fess from lead and other dangerous metals making it more environmentally friendly and totally recyclable. During manufacture, the almost total absence of pollutants protects nature and health. Coloured Facades Tempered and laminated enamelled glass is available in a wide range of colours. Additional decorative effects can be obtained by enamelling different base glasses or designing specific colours. Exceptionally Durability and Safety It is a toughened safety glass with mechanical properties and durability inherent to clear toughened glass. In both facades and interior applications, the colours remain totally stable over time. Improved Thermal Performance Added insulation improve the thermal performance.
DISADVANTAGES OF Glass facade panel Cost It is very costly and has to be handled with care.
REASONS Light Penetration It helps to create light and shadow quality to the interior. In addition to its decorative function, glass facade panel also acts as a solar ray controller. CONSTRUCTIONSOLUTIONS
Maintenance It requires regular cleaning. The external cleaning and maintenance can be very challenging.
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CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
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2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY WOOD INNOVATION AND DESIGN CENTRE City : Prince George Country : British Columbia Structure : Timber Structure Material : Laminated Veneer Lumber Laminated Strand Lumber Glued Laminated Timber
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2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER STRUCTURE Environmentally Friendly Due to the low energy required and low pollution during manufacture timber has a far lass detrimental impact on the environment than other building materials. Thermal Properties Does not expand against heat. The only time wood expands a little is when the humidity level is below 0%. The coefficient thermal conductivity of the wood is very low. Specific heat of wood is high. Acoustic Proporties Sound Isolation is based on the mass of the surface. Wood is perfect for sound absorption as it prevents echo and noise by absorbing sound. Mechanical Properties Although wood is light material, its strength is quite high. For this kind of properties, wood and laminated wood is used in wide-gap constructions. Oxidation Properties Metals get rust, wood doesn’t. It is easy to repair and maintain wood. It can be recycled as well.
DISADVANTAGES OF timber structure Deterioration of wood It can be attach by decay fungi, wood boring insects , however can be prevented by coating and drying the wood. Fire It catches fire easily but it can be processed in some fire retardants.
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REASONS
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: TIMBER STRUCTURE Modern timber frame structures are precision-engineered, strong and durable. The build method relies on a factory manufactured timber frame as a means of structural support carrying the loads imposed by the floors and roofs, before transmitting them to the foundations.
Durability Timber structure with structural insulated panels as insulation are more efficient that fiberglass, and even stronger. There are limited number of load bearing walls in a timber frame structure, allowing more flexibility and changed to the floor plan.
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CONSTRUCTION METHOD & DETAILS
1. FOUNDATION The base plate is anchored deep down into the raft foundation.
2. COLUMN TO BASE CONNECTION The timber column are anchored to the foundations using a combination of shear brackets and hold- down anchors.
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2.0 pRECEDENTSTUDY CONSTRUCTION METHOD & DETAILS 3 COLUMN TO COLUMN CONNECTION AND ATTACHMENT OF BEAMS The columns are continuous (but spliced at each floor) and the beams are attached to the sides of the columns. The hold-down nuts for the column-to-column connections were tightened using a special tool made from a magnet and a ratcheting box wrench. At completion, the access holes were filled with a wood plug to conceal the bolts
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4. BEAM TO COLUMN CONNECTION The glulam beams frame into the glulam columns using dovetail connectors, allowing the columns to run continuously from the foundation to the roof. The dovetail connectors (Pitzl) were installed at the glulam plant.
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2.5 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: ENGINEERED TIMBER STEEL JOIST FLOOR SYSTEM A signi cant advantage of the easi-joistÂŽ oor system is the open web design. The space provided by the metal web allows for the easy installation of services within the void. Pipework, electrical cables and ducting can be easily routed through the joist space providing real time savings. By removing the laborious work needed for notching, drilling or cutting holes when using other joist systems the installation cost of services can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, the curved edges of the webs and the absence of protruding plate edges removes any potential for damage when feeding through pipes and cables. *For advantages, disadvantages and reasons, kindly refer to page 10.
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CONSTRUCTION METHOD & DETAILS
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Bottom Chord Support
Parallel Restraint Bracing
Lateral Restraint of Stongback
Solid Timber Web over Intimate Support
Parallel Bracing with Opening
Bottom Chord Support with Rimboard Closure 21
3.0 facadeScheme PERFORATED ZINC SHEET
- The interplay of natural and manufactured qualities translate to the interior spaces , where sunlight is filtered through the perforated metal screen. - During Du the day, the facade reflect sunlights and shade the glass from excessive glare and radiant heat, while allowing air to flow between layers, releasing unwanted heat. - The same material covers the roof assembly.
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FRONT ELEVATION 1 : 125
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3.0 facadeScheme
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REAR ELEVATION 1 : 125
3.0 facadeScheme
GLASS PANEL FACADE
- It helps to create light and shadow quality to the interior. In addition to its decorative function, glass facade panel also acts as a solar ray controller
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FRONT ELEVATION 1 : 125
3.0 facadeScheme
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REAR ELEVATION 1 : 125
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4.0 SECTIONALPERSPECTIVE
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