Volume 80, Summer 2021
ENHANCING THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF PROPERTY MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONALS
Cities ready to face Canada’s housing affordability challenge
Inside President’s Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
IHM Course Completions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Cities Ready to Face Canada’s Housing Affordability Challenge . . . 3
New IHM Accredited Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Who is IHM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
IHM Mentorship Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles – Food for Thought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Easing COVID-19 Restrictions for Property Managers . . . . . . . . . . 12
Upcoming 2021 IHM Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
IHM Corporate Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Playgrounds and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2020-2021 IHM Board of Directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
P r e s i d e n t ’s M e s s a g e Hello IHM Members Happy summer and happy COVID 19, gradually moving towards better phases and returning some normalcy to our lives. Please still be careful and take the necessary precautions so we can continue to move forward. I am taking a little different direction with my message as some issues and concerns are infiltrating our industry and we all need to be aware of some less than desirable consequences if we are not on top of things. In the housing profession, we have so many priorities and tasks we must get completed. However, I would like to suggest the following two need our attention and require our due diligence.
Fire Safety Plans: Would you please take the time to review all Fire Safety Plans and ensure they are up to date and your responsibilities to notify the Fire Department are met? I don’t know whether the various Fire Departments are purposely hiring miserable people in charge of FSP’s or someone higher up the ladder is giving very clear instructions on administering the requirements we have to follow. In any case, they seem to have rigorous tunnel vision and are issuing Orders to Comply without any discussion or warnings. Ensure you check with your local fire departments as there seem to be different standards with each community. What happened to the days you could phone your community fire person and ask for guidance or help, just sitting down and talking without worrying about a Comply Order being delivered the next day and plastered all over the windows in your lobby?
Insurance: Isn’t it part of a Broker’s job to try and find us the best insurance at the best rates? Has anyone else experienced they are just giving us the rates from your current carrier and telling us to live with the increases? Whatever happened to comparative pricing and them making recommendations? Some clients are receiving increases from last year of 40%, and we are told this is because of the overall market losses. It doesn’t matter you have had no claims for years, the premiums keep going up. I told a broker I wanted him to go to the market and get me some more quotes – he was appalled that I was maybe suggesting he wasn’t doing his due diligence. I went to another broker, sat down with her, explained what I was looking for, gave her all the background information, and you aren’t going to believe this, but the same coverage at less money than the client paid last year. OMG. Sorry for the little sarcasm, but I couldn’t help it. We have incredible pressures on us every day. Our priorities change daily, if not hourly, and we need to depend on brokers to work on our behalf and do the best job for the best price for our clients. Maybe it is time we look for new brokers – just saying! Lastly, we hope your summer is getting better and better each day; we are hopeful our society will continue to open up and give us the opportunities we are used to having. Please continue to be safe and enjoy the new normal! September 17, 2021 – IHM Annual Meeting – Please attend Jimmy Mellor, FIHM IHM President
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Feature
Cities Ready to Face Canada’s Housing Affordability Challenge Provincial governments need to step up to partner with local and federal governments By Sean Meyer, Municipal World in FCM, Housing, Leadership
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anada’s big city mayors are a committed to ending chronic homelessness, says Edmonton Mayor Don Iveson. But to achieve this goal, the provinces must be partners with both local governments, and their federal counterparts.
Iveson was speaking during a media conference on the opening day of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) 2021 annual conference.
Cities Need Provincial Cooperation Iveson is chair of FCM’s Big City Mayors’ Caucus. He described the differing approaches of Ottawa and many provincial governments as being “night and day.” The federal government doesn’t have a direct, constitution relationship with local governments. But, Iveson said, the federal government goes out of its way to talk with municipalities as partners. They see municipalities as an order of government and treats them with respect at every turn. However, he added that many provincial governments do not. “Even where we (local and federal governments) disagree … there is active and meaningful engagement and con-
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versation. We can at least all understand where everybody’s coming from,” Iveson said. “I’m afraid, not just in Alberta, but for many mayors in our caucus across the country, in a number of other provinces, local governments are not treated with that kind of respect. And that is to the detriment of the progress that we could be making. Canadians should be very disappointed that that’s the case.” Iveson said provinces that get the value of local governments will outperform their counterparts. And so, “a friendly competition and the law of natural selection” will prevail. But it is to the detriment of the residents of the provinces and cities where that respect is not the same.
Cities to Lead Economic Recovery The mayors kicked off the conference with a meeting with Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland. This conversation focused on maximizing the recovery value of new investments in housing. The mayors agreed recent federal commitments to permanent housing is an important first step. In light of those investments, and other emergency supports, Iveson said cities are ready to put this new funding to work.
He also lauded federal investments in public transit. Transit expansion, he said, will serve as a national recovery centerpiece. He also trumpeted the doubling of the Gas Tax Fund transfer for a year. Together, this means municipalities can deliver “more job-creating, lifeenhancing infrastructure projects for recovery.” During the media conference, Iveson addressed the timeline for ending homelessness. Iveson said the mayors want that timeline to be specific, achievable, and deliverable. Even so, he was quick to add there is no desire to “draw a line in the sand” for achieving that particular date. “Consistent with our respectful working relationship with the government of Canada, we would want to land that number together,” Iveson said. “The point is we need to land that number because a goal of ending [homelessness] without a specific timeline is good, but it’s not good enough.”
Provincial Support Will Save Money Iveson reiterated his frustration with many of the country’s provincial Continued on page 4
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Cities Ready to Face Canada’s Housing Affordability Challenge Cont’d
Edmonton Mayor Don Iveson
governments. He said the challenge is not the federal government’s level of ambition. The problem lies, he explained, in the “intransigence” of many provincial governments. Ottawa is providing “100 cents on the dollar,” Iveson said, to build facilities and create jobs. For supportive housing to work, provincial governments need to step up. This is the case for addiction resources, healthcare, and social and cultural supports. Iveson said the evidence is clear. Keeping people housed means less interaction with the healthcare and justice system. This, he added, will save the provinces money over time. “As good fiscal conservatives, they really should show their credentials by stepping up,” he said. “We absolutely can end chronic homelessness in this country, and we can do it as fast as we all agree. We want to will is the only thing holding us back.”
IHM News • Summer 2021
Tradition of Hate Growing in Cities The caucus meeting was to focus on addressing homelessness and pandemic recovery. But Iveson started the media conference by addressing “heartbreaking” news out of Kamloops. He talked briefly about the recent discovery that 215 Indigenous children died at a Kamloops residential school. Iveson said a further statement will be coming from the caucus. He did hope this has served to educate Canadians on the scale of the residential schools tragedy. “Our hearts are broken at this shameful discovery that is clear evidence of what happened at residential schools, the thousands of children who didn’t come home,” he said. “People in our communities are just devastated, from all walks of life, including your mayors.”
communities across Canada. It is particularly a reality in larger cities. He said the caucus remains committed to an anti-racist approach. “A continuing priority for the Federation of Canadian Municipalities is to support diversity and inclusion,” Iveson said. “To be anti-racist in our organizations, and in our approach, and in our communities. This is a troubling time for all of us as leaders.” MW Sean Meyer is Senior Content Editor for Municipal World. Source: https://www.municipalworld.com/featurestory/cities-ready-to-face-canadas-housing-affordability-challenge/?utm_source=MWInsider&utm _campaign=cb03ac6473-mwinsider-june22021&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_dcd8c 31a9e-cb03ac6473-67432530&ct=t(mwinsiderjune2-2021) u
Iveson also addressed the nationwide rise in incidents of hate. This includes Islamophobia and anti-Semitism in
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Feature
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles – Food for Thought By Kevin McCann, FIHM K.J. McCann and Associates
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reenhouse gas emissions are a growing problem on a worldwide basis with most countries making commitments to significantly reduce their emissions over the coming decades. Canada is no exception with goals being established at five-year intervals. Ultimately, the goal is to reach a 30% reduction by 2030 and zero Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. In Canada, the second largest contributor to GHG emissions is the transportation industry which contributes 23% of the GHG emissions. One of the key methods of achieving the targeted GHG reduction reductions is the introduction of electric and hybrid vehicles. While electric vehicles (EVs) currently represent less than 1% of the vehicles on the road, the percentage is growing steadily, and car manufacturers recognize that EVs are the way of the future. It is projected that EVs will represent 10% of the vehicles on the road by 2025 and 30% by 2030. From a landlord’s perspective, the introduction and anticipated proliferation of EVs present some challenges. Most electric car owners need to be able to charge their EVs at home and landlords will be expected to provide electric vehicle charging facilities in their buildings to meet the growing demand. The
IHM News • Summer 2021
design, installation and maintenance of EV chargers all represent increased capital/operating costs to the landlord. Chargers come in three different levels with level one being the slowest and least expensive and level three being the quickest and most expensive to purchase/install. Depending on the existing electrical capacity of the building, the buildings circuitry, electrical panel and transformer may all also need to be upgraded. Among other things, the landlord will need to identify how many chargers of what type to install and how to charge the associated capital and operating costs back to the tenant. In the current regulatory environment, charging back the tenants can present some problems. If only a portion of the parking spaces had chargers, the landlord may need to re-assign parking spaces based on which tenants have EVs or not. As tenants move in and out, this can become complicated. If the landlord establishes a “charging area” where a limited number of parking stalls have chargers, how do you “police” these spots to ensure that gas/diesel fueled vehicles don’t park in those spots, and fully charged EVs don’t linger and prevent other EVs from being charged?
ers of multi-unit residential buildings will need to research, plan and invest in the necessary infrastructure in order to accommodate the changes that are coming. Long term capital plans should be updated to include plans for electric vehicles. Certain opportunities may arise in the interim. For example, if a landlord is planning to replace the asphalt in the above ground parking area, it can present an opportunity to install the conduit that could be used for the future installation of car chargers. There are a lot of issues that need to be considered and there are several organizations that have researched the use of EV chargers in multi-unit residential buildings. One of them is Pollution Probe, a well-known Canadian organization focusing on the environmental issues. Another is Natural Resources Canada. The links to both organizations are provided below: https://www.pollutionprobe.org/wp-content/uploads/Executive-Summary-ZEVCharging-in-MURBs-and-for-Garage-Or phans-1.pdf https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy-efficienc y/transp or tation-alternativefuels/resource-library/zero-emission-vehi cle-charging-murb-and-garageorphans/21825 u
EVs are the way of the future and own-
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UPCOMING 2021 IHM EVENTS August 2021 August 24
Conestoga Property Management Open House
6:00 pm - 7:00 pm - Virtual
(Registration opens - July 5th)
September 2021 September 14 12:00 - 1:00 pm - Zoom
September 17 11:30 am - Zoom
September 20-24 Zoom
IHM Chat Room Series COVID Recovery (Re-opening strategies, filter changes, operating equipment, managing employees) Annual General Meeting 5-DAY VIRTUAL COURSE Property and Building Administration Monday - Thursday: 9:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. - Zoom Session Monday - Thursday: 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. - Asynchronous Learning Friday: 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. - Exam
September 28 12:00 - 1:30 pm
IHM Webinar Looking After Our Seniors
October 2021 October 13 12:00 - 1:00 pm - Zoom
October 26 12:00 - 1:30 pm
IHM Chat Room Series Enhanced Building Revenues (Rooftop telecommunications, etc.) IHM Webinar Project Management Approach to Capital Project Planning (include tenant engagement)
November 2021 November 16 12:00 - 1:00 pm - Zoom
November 23 12:00 - 1:30 pm
IHM Chat Room Series Asset Management Strategy (Legacy Assets - Renewal or Repair) IHM Webinar Threats, Risks, Vulnerability Assessment
All Chat Room and Webinar recordings are available in the Members’ Only section of the IHM website - ihmcanada.net
Visit our website’s Events Page for information and updates on all IHM Events
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Feature
Playgrounds and Safety By Kevin McCann, FIHM K.J. McCann and Associates
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any landlords manage family-oriented buildings and have playgrounds that are made available to the children living on the property. The playgrounds can be small or large and they can be designed for specific age groups. Each year in Canada, over 4,000 children are injured in playground related accidents. In 2016, the Canadian Institute for Health Information reported that 1841 children attended hospitals as a result of playground injuries. The types of injuries included fractures, head injuries, dislocations, etc. While not all injuries are preventable, many of the injuries could be attributed to poorly maintained or outdated equipment. Swings and climbing apparatus are the most common cause of injuries. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) develops and maintains standards about safe materials, installation, equipment, surfacing, layout, mainte-
IHM News • Summer 2021
The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) develops and maintains standards about safe materials, installation, equipment, surfacing, layout, maintenance and to help keep children safe in playgrounds. nance and other information to help keep children safe in playgrounds. The standard that applies to playgrounds is CAN/CSA-Z614-14. One of the key recommendations in the standard is the regular and systematic inspection of playgrounds. It is recommended that playgrounds be inspected annually, monthly, weekly and even daily. The daily and weekly inspections are more focused on identifying and removing hazards such as glass, sharps, animal feces, etc. while the monthly and annual are more focused on the equipment itself.
Inspections can be performed by inhouse staff although some training should be provided to enable the staff to know the details about proper inspection procedures. The Canadian Playground Safety Institute (CPSI) is one example of a company that can provide the training for staff. The CPSI website also makes available a number of forms and useful information for property managers who want to know more about their responsibilities in relation to playground maintenance. As an alternative to using in-house staff Continued on page 8
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for inspections, there are companies that can be contracted that specialize in the field of playground design and inspections. Some property managers contract the annual inspection at the start of the season to experts in order to ensure that the equipment is safe to use and subsequent inspections are done in-house by trained staff. Most people can appreciate that keeping playgrounds safe is a moral imperative. Nobody wants to see a child suffer needlessly. There can also be legal repercussions as landlords can be sued where injuries occur and there is evidence that the playground equipment was not properly designed, inspected or maintained. Some insurance companies require that playgrounds be inspected on a regular basis and that the inspections be documented in order to maintain insurance coverage and avoid potential litigation. Landords need to be able to demonstrate that they take playground safety seriously. Whether inspections are done in-house or by external sources, it is important that the inspections be conducted on a scheduled basis and properly documented. In recent years CSA has worked together with the Canadian Coalition for Accessible Playspaces and has created “Annex H” to CSA CAN/CSA-Z614-14 which focuses on making playgrounds more readily useable by young people with disabilities. Landlords who are considering major renovations/repairs or replacement of their playground equipment should be aware of the need to make accommodation and enlist design experts who are familiar with this aspect of playground design. Kevin McCann, FIHM is the Vice President of the IHM, speaker for the IHM Chat Sessions, conference events and community college instructor. u
Property Management virtual open house August 24, 2021 6:00 pm - 7:00 pm Virtual event With the growing demand for property management professionals across the rental housing sector, the School of Business - Continuing Education and the Institute of Housing Management will host this open house to provide attendees with the chance to learn more about the Property Management certificate program, course offerings, and the IHM Accreditation in Property Management. To register: To register, please email cebusiness@conestogac.on.ca For more information: For more information, please contact cebusiness@conestogac.on.ca
Property Management Certificate of Completion (82911) Online Course
Registration open for Fall Semester Click here for more information
IHM News • Summer 2021
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Education
IHM Course Completions in Property Management Tenancy Law
Property & Building Administration
Human Relations for Property Managers
Rebecca Karmiris
Chad Bellaive
Chad Bellaive
Michelle Lang
Godofredo Corrales
Jeff Cournoyea
Carrie Lough
Kyra Eves
Sandra Herrera
Denise Lucas
Daniel Kalonji
Mohammed Islam
Richard Persaud
Spyros Karelis
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Shannon Tummon-Graham
Michael King Jen Kroh Codee Levy
Strategic and Financial Planning for Property Managers
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Wendy Lockhart
IHM Program Completion Certificate in Property Management
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Daniel Lungu
Lindsay Cumming
Building Maintenance for Property Managers
Tania Ormshaw
Lana Litke
Erin Runciman
Kim Palmer
David Nagy
Olga Zelenenka
Wendy Swoffer
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Lisa Moshonas Stacy Norris
Melissa Carriere
Jacqueline Smith
Bethann Corfe
Omid Toofan
Dongxin Hu
Jessica Xue
Mark Kellyman
Welcome to IHM’s Newest Accredited Members Alana Bidgood, AIHM Juli Kona, AIHM Sandra Pulido, AIHM Wendy Swoffer, AIHM
IHM News • Summer 2021
Do You Qualify For CMM Accreditation? The Certified Municipal Manager (CMM) Accreditation program recognizes management capabilities of Ontario's local government administrators. IHM members can apply for the Housing Management Specialist designation or the Housing Management Professional designation depending on their progress with the IHM education program and their employment achievements. Visit the Ontario Municipal Management Institute website at https://www.ommi.on.ca for more information.
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INSTITUTE OF HOUSING MANAGEMENT
MENTORSHIP & LEADERSHIP PARTICIPATION PROGRAM
Click here for complete information, or contact Beth - 416-493-7382 ext. 1
IHM News • Summer 2021
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Feature
Easing COVID-19 Restrictions for Property Managers By Carola Mittag
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accination has revealed light at the end of the COVID-19 tunnel. But it’s not always easy to readjust to a new normal. Anxiety is driven by uncertainty. There is so much uncertainty right now, from the vaccine roll-out to society reopening to the new normal workplace to the virus and the variants themselves. Every day there is more evidence that vaccines keep us and people around us safe, but questions remain about how long immunity lasts and how susceptible certain segments of society remain to COVID-19.
owners and managers face pressures to scale back some of the efforts they’ve taken to contain the spread of COVID19 among their residents. At the same time, if reopening the economy renews the spread of the virus—which many health experts fear—housing providers should assume that residents who have been out in the community are likely to bring the virus with them, potentially exposing other residents to the virus and undoing much of the good that has been achieved.
Housing/property managers adopted many steps to stop the spread of the virus on their properties, including limiting on-site staff and closing public and common areas. Owners and managers must now decide how many of these measures to keep in place going forward. Pressure to open access to outdoor common and public areas—such as playgrounds, basketball courts, and similar amenities will be increasing. Some housing providers have taken steps to begin relaxing restrictions, like
So many people are emerging from the pandemic feeling exhausted, burned out, anxious, or depressed. Social anxiety is driven by avoidance, and we’ve all been avoiding social interactions for at least a year and a half. The psychological impact of reopening could affect residents who may already have other and unrelated anxieties and mental health issues.
Why reopening spurs anxiety for property managers Housing/property mangers will need to evaluate the policies they have implemented since the pandemic began and whether, and if appropriate, how those policies should change going forward. This could create a dilemna for property managers. On the one hand, as government moves to reopen the economy,
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scheduling appointments to use common and public areas. Among problems to consider is “crowd creep”—if common areas are opened with a limit of four users, why not six or eight? Some owners may decide that keeping flat prohibitions on using public and common spaces is easier than policing residents’ usage. Housing providers took strong action to fight the virus including more intensive cleaning and disinfecting, and urgentonly maintenance practices. Since there is no evidence the virus will disappear on its own, housing providers should maintain active schedules for cleaning and disinfecting common and public areas, including all surfaces (door handles, elevator buttons, railings, etc.) that residents and staff come in contact with.
one’s fears, and is developing policies in the best interest of all. Reopening housing will involve at least as much planning and forethought as the initial shutdown demanded. Housing providers must understand that, because the virus will still be around indefinitely, they will need to factor it into the risk matrix of their business and property management operations over the long-term. Evaluating what has been done to date, making practical plans for reopening, and communicating those
plans to staff and residents, will pay off in the future. Nothing instills confidence like the knowledge that property managers are thinking ahead proactively and preventatively. Carola Mittag, former owner of Workplace Safety Group and now adviser to Mentor Safety Consultants Inc. MSCI has developed auditing tools to ensure that facilities and property managers meet all legislative health and safety compliance requirements. Email Carola at wpsgceo@gmail.com u
Where they have been adopted, policies to restrict visitors should be evaluated for effectiveness and consistency. Especially in projects with a large population of elderly residents, housing providers should discourage unnecessary visits by persons who may introduce the virus. Emergency-only maintenance protocols must also be re-assessed: a “non-urgent” maintenance issue two months ago may be urgent today, and housing providers should not encourage DIY solutions that may actually intensify maintenance problems or result in personal injury or property damage. Personal protective equipment—masks, gloves, etc.—must continue to be mandatory for making both residents and maintenance staff more comfortable with in-unit maintenance operations. It is especially important to keep staff and residents informed. Regular updates are the best way to dispel rumors and unnecessary fears. A proactive communications policy will bolster confidence that management is aware of new developments, understands every-
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IHM Corporate Members Welcome to our newest Corporate and Event Sponsor:
Grace Communities Corporation
IHM News • Summer 2021
Housing York Inc.
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HERE’S HOW YOU CAN HELP! Participate on the various committees Help with the Annual Educational Conference Submit relevant articles for the IHM quarterly newsletter Consider becoming a proctor for exams (FIHM/AIHM Members only)
Join the Institute of Housing Management on
Facebook, LinkedIn and
Mentor a Candidate member (FIHM/AIHM Members only) Become an Instructor (FIHM/AIHM Members only)
Contact the IHM office for more information on how you can help.
2020-2021 IHM Board of Directors EXECUTIVE
DIRECTORS
President Jimmy Mellor, FIHM Director of Operations, Precision Property Management 22 Goodmark Place, Suite 22, Toronto, ON M9W 6R2 Tel: 416-887-9253 | Fax: 416-675-0170 Email: jimmym@ppmgmt.ca
Education Committee Member Ed Cipriani, AIHM ecpm@skylinc.net
Vice President/Education Committee Marketing/Membership Committee Kevin McCann, FIHM Email: kevinmccann98@hotmail.com Secretary-Treasurer Lynn Alexander, AIHM Region of Durham Housing Services P.O.Box 623, Whitby, ON L1N 6A3 Tel: 905-666-6222 | Fax: 905-666-6225 Email: Lynn.alexander@durham.ca
Conference Committee Member, Marketing/Membership Committee Member Stacy Ellis, AIHM Property Manager, Housing Operations Community and Health Services, Housing Services The Regional Municipality of York 145 Essex Avenue, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 0W8 Tel: 905-898-1007 ext. 72717 Email: stacy.ellis@york.ca Education Committee, New Opportunities Chair Phil Eram, B.Sc., FIHM Precision Property Management Inc. 22 Goodmark Place, Suite 22, Toronto, ON M9W 6R2 Tel: 416-675-2223 Fax: 416-675-0170 Email: pgsd@cogeco.ca
IHM OFFICE:
IHM News • Summer 2021
www.ihmcanada.net Education Committee Chair, Communications Committee Member Deborah Filice, BA, RSSW, FIHM, CIHCM, CMMIII Humber College Continuing Education, Professor Tel: 289-244-8269 Email: filiced@cogeco.ca Communications Committee Chair, Education Committee Member Francesca Filice, B.A., AIHM Property Manager Pelham Non-Profit Housing Corporation Tel: 905-892-1743 Email: Pelhamnph@bell.net
Marketing/Membership Committee Chair Marissa Zuliani, AIHM Property Management Solutions Inc. 3542 Walker Road Windsor, ON N8W 3S4 Tel: (226) 961-3323 Email: info@propertymanagementsolutions.ca
CANDIDATE MEMBER
Carolyne Vigon, Operations Manager Beth McKenzie, Program Manager 2800 14th Avenue, Suite 210, Markham, Ontario L3R 0E4 Tel: (416) 493-7382 / 1-866-212-4377 Fax: (416) 491-1670
Visit our website at: ihmcanada.net to gain access
Email: info@ihmcanada.net
Communications Committee Member Lana Litke, AIHM(c) Tel: 905-746-3514 Email: LanaMLitke@gmail.com
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