Visual Representation Techniques | Luis Roberto Makianich
Electrographic 2D
"Ship in the woods" by Makianich, 2009
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Electrographic 2D is the two-dimensional representation made in analog or digital form using various programs or applications both pixel as vector. The first group can generate flat pictures using modifying color, brightness and contrast of the different pixels that make up the screen of the computer that runs the job. Vector programs instead, work through the manipulation of the coordinates of the key points and vectors that make up the drawing, allowing editing during the development of the project.
Pixel Graphic
"Woman body" by Makianich, 1993
Painting, 2D Animator Pro, a widespread animation program in the 1990's for the realization of cartoons that based their operation sequences macro images fixed low definition, pixeling since computers at that time did not have large storage capacity or sophisticated RAM that can be found now. Here I used this resource on a single fixed picture taking 3
advantage of the limited color palette and low resolution as expressive medium rather than attempting to disguise it. Printing was done on plain paper size letter with a printer thermal wax which applied the method of sublimation, was the best one for the time that my mind still has not been exceeded as on such a role by sophisticated current laser or inkjet machines.
For some reason (probably marketing), these types of
equipment have been discontinued.
"Spectrum" by Makianich, 1993.
Graphical Vectorial While this work is three-dimensional, I chose it because it allows me to explain the virtues of the vector graphics rendering system. The software used is Topas VGA, for that then one of most powerful 3D, only equaled by 3DStudio vector animation software D.O.S. version,
(yet
there were no programs similar in Windows platform, but yes for Mac). Topas was French, quite complicated and tedious, source (such as all used in the D.O.S. platform) where the macros (auto repeat task) must be 4
made using the programming language keyboard, making the mouse a simple decorative element. You can also be seen in drawing low definition and the pixelated slanted lines (absence of "antialiasing"), a feature of the era graphics.
"Petroleum Platform General Mosconi" by Luis Makianich, 1993.
The vector graphics, should give the coordinates of the vectors to construct the "electronic model" to then select different points of view from which displays the whole or a part of it. These programs also combined some Pixelar graphic, which are still used to add texture to the different faces of objects, giving realism to the final image tools. Some programs that use the 2D vector graphics today are Adobe Illustrator, Macromedia Flash and AutoCAD, among others.
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Work with Layers 2D & 3D
“Ester” Makianich, 2010
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This work was done using 2 totally different programs together. Adobe Photoshop, exceptional by its ductility in photo-editing and Poser, e Frontier, a software dedicated to animation 3D human figure and other living things. Photoshop
allows
us
to
develop our exercise in layers or where different parts of the scene can be placed as well as also gives us the opportunity to go working independently, brightness,
on
transparency,
luminosity
and
other
effects that they can be applied to one of them without affecting the other layers. Also can be turned off one or more layers at once what is very good for working in a detail in Layer 1- Background
particular.
Thus, we can see how in the ” Layer 1 - Background”, set the general
color
for
the
work
(nevertheless we can change it), as well as the ”Layer 2 - Screen” begin to sketch
few strokes that
configure the rear curtain. Here a tablet with a stylus was used to achieve an ease stroke that does not give us a mouse. Layer 2- Grid
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In Poser do human figure based on an initial model in which we can edit the scale 3D, each of the parts of the body and the factions, as well as hairor beard (not in this case), gestures, body position, clothing and accessories. However if this program animation, here was used only a fixed image of the entire movie to be embedded in this layer.
Layer 3- Woman body
Layer 5- shade above
Layer 4- Plot above
Embedded once the body of women in single Photoshop rendering us subtracts add “layers 4-plot above” and “5-shade above” to set the depth of field that gives the sensation of three-dimensionality of the set, which was drawn in part in 2D. 8
Transparency
Figure 1- “Phantom” Makianich, 2009
This project used Adobe Photoshop, for drawing the background and embedding of the female figures and Poser, to model them.
Figure 2 – Adobe Photoshop work scenario.
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The work of Photoshop scenario (Figure 2) is where all the pieces of the project in different layers joined to then give different degrees of lightness and transparency.
Figure 3 –Background
The Layers palette highlighted in blue, (Figure 3) shows us the Fund that was used in the scene as the texture applied to the body of woman in Poser, painting where the renderizaron of various positions on the same background to then trim it following the curves of the body as the background (Figure 4).
Figure 4- figure with background in Poser trimmed in Photoshop
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Figure 5 – Figures in position with the background layer off.
Cut a small margin of the same background figures to suggest the ghostly effect (Figure 5).
Figure 6 – Transparency and luminosity in figures.
Finally, it was given a transparency of 25 % to each layer containing a figure applied only to luminosity to achieve the desired final effect (Figure 6).
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Sketch. (1st Part)
Figura 1 - “Bocetos� Makianich, 2009
This is a complex job, in which several programs have been used for its implementation, but I think it is important to show, in verifying the flexibility between work platforms. As the procedure is long I decided to split it into three parts, one for each program used. Firstly, I shall explain how the various female figures, which were developed in Poser, possessing several scenarios work, where can work the body itself and different positions, hair, clothing, drew her face and their expressions, race (loosely and texture of the skin), as well as cameras, lighting, background and termination or finish drawing (realistic, sketch to pencil, charcoal, wire, etc).
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Figure 2- Poser main screen
In this screen (Figure 2) worked on the main figure based on a default female model that some modifications were made to create our own character, such as factions and body proportions.
Figure 3 - Face scene of Poser
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We used a photo of my daughter Milena, worked first in Photoshop front and side. The front became cutting by the vertical symmetry axis, copying it side by side to work then. The result is a map of texture applied to the face of the finished model, which made some adjustments (Fig. 3).
Figure 4 –Poser Material screen.
In this scenario are worked the color and texture of the skin, but subsequently was only used for the hand that takes the pen in the final model, since it was decided to use the pencil sketch finish for the human figure and face (Figure 5).
Figure 5 – Pencil, crayons and ink sketch finishes.
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Figure 6 – Positions of the body.
Poser brings a lot of preset positions that one can use, but is also the possibility of making the rotation and translation of every part of the body movements to create our.
Figure 7 – The hair was hand Finished
On this occasion the hair was done with strokes in Photoshop to accentuate the effect sketch in the final drawing (you see below).
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Sketch (2nd Part).
Figure 8 - “Sketch� (Fragment), Makianich, 2009
This chapter will explain how the pen was drawn using the program 3DStudio MAX, by Discreet, which then it will be inserted in the hand, which drew in Poser, following the procedure explained in the 1st part of this tutorial. 16
Figure 9 – 3DStudio MAX Scene
Using the cylinder tool (anti-alias variant) for sector metallic gum and hexagonal for the body of the pen; support tools: tank for rubber, cone anti-alias for the mine and hexagonal cone for the sharp tip, is the way the electronic model is built that configures the final form of the object.
Figure 10 – pencil’s rendering
In Figure 9, we can see the materials editor deployed as floating screen on the main stage where selected Pixelar images of different materials that constitute each of the segments of the object that was applied to them along with a cylindrical map with a bitmap embedded highlighted, which highlights the texture to the rendering (as you can see in Figure 10.)
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Figures 11a & 11b – The edges of the pencil drawing.
In figures 11a and 11b we can see the details as wire drawing of the object ends in different Windows, as well as floating Windows rendering and the materials editor, where we can see the different types of maps to apply, such as highlighted, reflection, refraction, transparency, opacity, etc.
Figure 12 – Rendering Floating stage
This screen is used to specify the definition and the type of output file from the rendering, as well as the amount of required boxes if it were an animation, from another variety of specifications. 18
Sketch. (3rd Part)
Figure 13 - "Sketches" (fragment), Makianich, 2009
Finally, already in Photoshop, open all renderings made in Poser and 3DStudio Max in assembling each object in different layers to then edit the size of each, as well as its position and rotation according to the alleged composition.
Figure 14 - hand rendered in Poser with realistic finish.
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As explained in the 1st part of this document, this rendering became with Poser in high definition with realistic finish similar to the pencil drawn in 3DStudio Max to differentiate them from the female figure in finished "sketch by pen color and ink", according to the objective sought in the final drawing.
Figure 15 – engraving detail on the pen made with Photoshop.
Once positioned the pencil in hand, used tool text to write brand and graduation from the pen label making that it matches the rotation of
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this, and by applying a filter of inner shadow to the text layer which gives the appearance of wood engraving. The layer of the hand, was applied a filter of Interior shadow, to set that it is a separate drawing are female, sketches object giving the sensation of three-dimensionality.
This last
effect also was applied to the layer "pencil" to the "hand" layer.
Figure 16 - "Sketches", finished working
Finally, and once you've entered all layers of the different objects in base plane, applied different degrees of transparency and a drop shadow filters to achieve the 3-dimensional effect. The sketch of the left was applied a "Curl" filter that simulates the rolled sheets and pen was copied in other two layers, which focused on the original apply them different transparencies to simulate the movement.
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About the Author
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Luis Makianich is an architect, Argentine, graduates at UNBA (FAU) in 1978. He published his first book of short stories "Figuras de Sol", in 1972. It was researcher of urban heritage in ICOMOS (International Council for the Preservation of Historical Monuments and sites), 1976; Professor at the Chair of history of architecture arq. J. Gazaneo, 1978 and architectural design in the chairs arq. H. Angeluchi, 1980 and arq. J. Goldemberg, 19872001. Won several awards in architecture, literature and art. Exhibition project for the new National Museum of fine arts in “Palacio Errázuriz”, and publication in the Yearbook of the National Academy of Fine Arts; Alliance Françoise, Fortabat Foundation, 1986, 1987, 1989 and C. C. San Martín, 1978 1986. Literary awards 2009: 1st prize for "Desolación" in LetrasKiltras; 1st prize narrative, "En el umbral", in Parnassus; 1st mention in art and fiction August-September by "Infierno" in Parnassus; 3rd Prize in accounts of virtual, love for "Virtualidad" boat of the words and the picture; 1st. Prize narrative competition happy festivities in Parnassus by "La Navidad Oculta" .
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