Albert Einstein 1879 Albert Einstein was born on the 14th of march in Ulm (Germany) as a son of the
German traders Hermann and Pauline Einstein.
1900 He graduated in physics in Zürich. He tries to get a job in science, but he failed in
that so he took an (for him) not challenging job and did research on his own in his spare time.
1903 He married Mileva Maric, his girlfriend from college. 1905 His magical year in which he presented four articles, among which his research
on the relativity principle (time and space are not absolute and exists alongside each other) and the famous equation: E=MC2
1909 He is appointed as a professor in physics at the university of Zürich. 1915
The year of the second big breakthrough. He published the general relativity theory with which he shows that gravity is not a power (like Newton’s law claimed) but that it is a curve of space-time.
1919 Einstein divorces Mileva Maric and married his cousin Elsa Löwenthal. 1919 Measurements he did during a solar eclipse proves his theories right, so most of
the skepticism towards the theory of the relativity principle disappeared.
1922 He won the Nobel Prize for his work on the Photo-electric effect and other
contributions to theoretical physics.
1933 Einstein moves to the United States of America when Hitler came to power. 1955
On april 18th he dies in a hospital in Princeton.
Personality Young Albert labelled dull, dyslexic, even autistic or schizophrenic. It never have been proven right because it’s not really possible to diagnose historical figures. Also the ties between autism and genius are hazy. It has been proven now that Albert Einstein was smarter than others because he used more of his brain than what people usually do. He used at least 20% more of his brain than what humans normally do. Albert Einstein had a restless personality, although he may appear to be very calm and wise. He was a mischievous person and that was primarily because of his curiosity. Albert Einstein was a playful man and some of his mischief may have been intended. Albert Einstein had a very pleasant personality. He was easy to mingle with and he was also a very humble man. His IQ was above 160. Albert was never interested in material things, but he did have a love for both music and sailing. He was also blessed with musical talent, as well as in the visual and performing arts. He was a genius who believed that he could make a difference as a human being. He wanted to figure out everything that came his way. And check every theory! Einstein became religious at age 12. This began to change, however, after he read science books that contradicted his religious beliefs. Albert Einstein hated every form of nationalism from an early age. He preferred to see himself as a “world citizen.” Sources: - https://www.britannica.com/biography/Albert-Einstein - http://www.nationalgeographic.nl/geschiedenis-en-cultuur/2017/04/10-x-dingen-die-je-waarschijnlijk-niet wist-over-einstein - http://www.albert-einstein.org/article_handicap.html - https://healthresearchfunding.org/albert-einstein-personality-traits/ - https://www.scribd.com/document/359011522/Personality-of-Albert-Einstein - https://froot.nl/posttype/froot/article/acht-dingen-die-je-niet-wist-over-albert-einstein/
Jewish Believes Einstein felt his relationship to the Jewish people to be his ‘strongest human bond,’ one that transcended religion as well as the anti-Semitism that Nazis and their sympathizers leveled against him. Some facts: 1. He kept kosher at age 12 Young Einstein went through an observant phase at 12, even though his parents were secular German Jews. A Jewish medical student and family friend — named, Max Talmud — introduced the creative boy to popular science books, which Einstein saw as contradicting religious teachings. 2. He raised money for the World Zionist Organization In 1921, Einstein was asked by WZO president and fellow scientist Chaim Weizmann to raise money for the organization and for Hebrew University in Israel. Einstein had been worried the Zionist project could stoke Jewish-Arab conflict, but the anti-Semitism he faced in Europe, even as he published some of the world’s most important scientific work, convinced him of the need for a Jewish state. He agreed to take a fundraising tour of the United States in 1921. 3. He was asked to be the second president of Israel When Chaim Weizmann, who served as Israel’s first president, died in 1952, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion offered the office to Einstein, who hadn’t been to the Middle East in 30 years. Einstein declined with a heavy heart, saying:
4.
“I am deeply moved by the offer from our State of Israel, and at once saddened and ashamed that I cannot accept it. All my life I have dealt with objective matters, hence I lack both the natural aptitude and the experience to deal properly with people and to exercise official functions … I am the more distressed over these circumstances because my relationship to the Jewish people has become my strongest human bond, ever since I became fully aware of our precarious situation among the nations of the world.” He believed in a “pantheistic” god as described by Jewish philosopher Baruch Spinoza. Einstein openly commented on the relationship between science and religion throughout his life, but his personal beliefs would satisfy neither atheists nor the devoutly religious. He aligned his religious beliefs with those of Spinoza, a Dutch thinker who was excommunicated by the Amsterdam Jewish community in the 17th century for his “rationalist” philosophies. Einstein did not believe in the commonly accepted anthropomorphic conception of God. “I believe in Spinoza’s God who reveals himself in the harmony of all being, not in a God who concerns himself with the fate and actions of men,” he wrote to a rabbi in 1929.
Einstein’s pacifism, socialist sympathies and Jewish ancestry is where the German nationalists and ant-semites were against to, ofcourse. After becoming world-famous, this anti-Semitic hatred grew against him, and even an organized campaign was launched among German physicists to discredit Einstein’s theories. When Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany on 30 January 1933, the hate campaign against Einstein reached new heights. Einstein was accused by the Nazi regime of advocating “Jewish physics” (theoretical physics) as opposed to “German” or “Aryan physics” (experimental physics). The regime was supported by Nazi-minded physicists. Including even Nobel Prize winners such as Johannes Stark and Philipp Lenard tried to discredit Einstein’s theories. He decided not to return to his native country. He became an American citizen in 1940, although he always retained Swiss citizenship. On August 2, 1939, Einstein wrote a letter to US President Roosevelt, in which he warned that Germany was developing a nuclear bomb. With this, he anticipated Roosevelt’s later decision of October 1941 to make the atomic bomb earlier than the Germans, the Manhattan project, which Einstein himself did not cooperate with. Sources: - https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein - https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/features/1.687890 - https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/features/1.688320
Why is Einstein an icon? Einstein is one of our most known scientists and his discoveries and theories has made him a world wide celebrity. Einstein discovered everything by himself. What the most of us think of when we someone mentions Einstein is his look and his face has become an icon for wisdom, imagination, creativity. His white crazy hairstyle and special looks is what we connect with being a scientists. His look was more than just a crazy hairstyle, it was a political statement to conform to social standard of personal appearance. He was unapologetic in his individuality and unashamed of being different. This was also a symbol showing that special people can come from anywhere. Eventought the hair is the first thing that reminds us if Einstein this is not what made him iconic. Hi became a celebrity based on his theories and discoveries. His most famous one being his theory of special relativity. This theory is still a big part of our society since it is a key part in the GPS system that is used in many programs that we use daily. But Einstein is not the only scientist that have made great discoveries and therefore there is more reasons to why he is special and has become and icon. One of them is the fact that he was a social activist and that he used his power to speak for others. He used his fame to amplify the concerns of those whose voices were least hear. He tried to change the situation for Jewish suffering the insults of antisemitism, the African-American suffering systematic racism, political dissidents in the soviet union repressed and also poor people being keep down by structural barriers. One example of his political involvement and his social activism was what his relation to nuclear weapons. He was the one that Warned Franklin Roosevelt that Nazi Germany had the capacity to develop an atomic bomb. He also denounced the use of nuclear weapons. Another thing that made him special was that he had the ability to in very simple and vivid terms could describe his thoughts in a way that others could understand. Conclutionely there is not only one reason to why Einstein has become and icone. His discoveries and theories that still affect our everyday life together with his, looks, personality and social engagement is what made him special and may be the reason why he still today is one of our biggest icons for wisdom, imagination, creativity. Sources: - https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jun/12/five-reasons-we-should-celebrate-albert-einstein - https://www.gemalto.com/review/Pages/3-everyday-inventions-einstein-made-possible.aspx - https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/jun/12/five-reasons-we-should-celebrate-albert-einstein - https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Einstein-more-popularly-known-for-his-intelligence-than-say-von-Neumann - https://www.utne.com/science-and-technology/theeinsteinequation - shttps://www.quora.com/Why-is-Einstein-more-popularly-known-for-his-intelligence-than-say-von-Neumann
Atoms Einstein proved mathematically that molecules existed in matter, and thus helped revolutionize all the sciences through the use of statistics and probability. Although, he wasn’t the first scientist to find out about atoms and molecules, he was the first to factually prove it. He experimented with the Brownian Motion wherein he put pollen grains in “still water” and saw under a microscope the random movement of the grains. He calculated and correctly predicted the random motion of the grains as he theorised that there are invisible atoms that bump into the grains to cause it to move in different directions. > Here on the right you see a simulation of Brownian motion This calculation by Einstein helped determine that the world is made up of atoms which is a revolutionary point of finding out about the whole universe, which will in turn, be Einstein’s next venture that will take him to the end of his life. During WWII, Leo Szilard and Einstein both believed that the Germans may have started German nuclear research which will help the creation of an atomic bomb which could threaten the U.S. Together, they both drafted and edited a letter addressed to Franklin D. Roosevelt stating their beliefs suggesting that they too, should be funded to research atomic energy. They did not know, however, that the Germans were not too far off with their research as they were also poorly funded. In an interview not long after the war, Einstein stated his disapproval of atomic/nuclear bombs and that would he have known that the Germans were not going to create atomic bombs, he wouldn’t have bothered doing anything about it at all. Sources: - https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/jan/03/marilyn-stafford-best-photograph-albert-einstein - http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/chapters/relativistic_cosmology/index.html#Einstein - https://medium.com/@thephysicsconnection/how-einstein-proved-that-atoms-exist-and-how-you will-too-5d36802b4a4f - https://www.biography.com/people/albert-einstein-9285408 - https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html
The photo electric effect Though originally observed in 1839, the photoelectric effect was documented by Heinrich Hertz in 1887 in a paper to the Annalen der Physik. He had four diffrents papers about the photoelectric effect but he published one. Einstein’s first paper was about the photoelectric effect (9 june 1905), with this paper he won a Nobel in 1921. A light source is incident upon a metallic surface; they can emit electrons. This electron is called photoelectrons. It is connected whit the quantum theory. Nowaday we use it in our mobile phone. When you making a photo on your phone, the small light particals, who raids in, could be converted to small electrics currents who helps to save the light image and then send it out again. The energy of Einstein’s light particles increases with the frequency of the light: high frequency violet light, particles carry more energy than low-frequency red light particles (small) this means that as the color changes from ultraviolet to violet to green to red to infrared, at some point there is a cutoff when the energy of the light particle becomes to small to eject an electron. The cutoff frequency was eventually verified by experiment. The speed with which the electron leave the metal should increase in direct proportion to the light particle’s energy, that is to its frequency. Most significantly, the photoelectric effect, and the photon theory it inspired, crushed the classical wave theory of light. Though no one could deny that light behaved as a wave, after Einstein’s first paper, it was undeniable that it was also a particle theory. His solution was the foundational works of quantum theory. Our eyes would be open because of this theory and paved the way to our modern understanding of the cosmos. Sources: - https://briankoberlein.com/2015/05/06/bit-by-bit/ - https://www.thoughtco.com/the-photoelectric-effect-2699352 - https://dewerelddraaitdoor.bnnvara.nl/media/305249 - https://books.google.nl/books?id=i8MEv3XaGv4C&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34&dq=The+ener gy+of+Einstein%E2%80%99s+light+particles+increases+with+the+frequency+of+the+light:+high+ frequency+violet+light,+particles+carry+more+energy+than+low-frequency+red+light+parti cles+(small)+this+means+that+as+the+color+changes+from+ultraviolet+to+vio let+to+green+to+red+to+infrared,+at+some+point+there+is+a+cutoff+when+the+energy+ of+the+light+particle+becomes+to+small+to+eject+an+electron.
Research on Time Einstein’s theory of time-space Time is relative: Einstein rejected time. He said: time is a simply direction in space. But time is relative, because we choose a time path in space when we choose our clock. Time is a spatial direction that travels through many 3D dimensions (when you put 3D dimensions together you get the 4D dimension, which we can’t see with our eyes). But time and our perception of time would have been very different if we’d choose another path in space for time. So, that means that time is relative, and not absolute. Therefore Einstein said: the past, present and future all exist simultaneously. ‘’The distinction between the past, present and future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion’’ He discovered a lot by daydreaming and fantasizing. For example: daydreaming about driving next to a beam of light: How would it look? How would it feel? etc. Time traveling: he thought that was possible, because time was relevant and there was no distinction between the past, present and the future. He said: the faster you travel (next to the speed of light), the slower your time will pass relative to someone planted firmly on the Earth. He had a very different perspective on time than most scientists. And it took a lot of time before physicist slowly gave up the ordinary assumptions we made about time. Sources: - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyK5SG9rwWI - https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein - http://everythingforever.com/einstein.htm - http://www.physics-astronomy.com/2016/05/according-to-einstein-time-is-illusion.html#.WlSOjbZx81g - https://www.quora.com/Why-did-Einstein-Feynman-and-Hawking-all-conclude-that-the-past-pres ent-and-future-all-exist-simultaneously - http://www.sfheart.com/einstein.html
4D - Fourth Dimension The fourth dimension is a extra dimension added to the third dimension. 3D figures, as humans, are not able to see the fourth dimension. Einstein said that we could see time as a fourth dimension. EXAMPLE: Tesseract Spacetime is a saying in physics that explains the fourth dimension: 3D is length x width x height + 1D that is time. Durability. Einsteins theorie of relavation says that time and space are connected. Einstein says that past, future and present are always here in our universe. The fourth dimension can be measured by speed of light (300.000 km) per second. Speed is relative, when you relate it to something else it can be different. For example > when you are on a bike and a bug is flying towards you. Einstein says that speed is relative and can be different in relation with something else. Gravity and the curve of the spacetime are practically the same. For example: when you drop an apple, it falls straight down. Because of gravity there is a curve around the earth which will have the same falling speed as something that is dropping straight down. Light doesn’t have weight so it is impossible to travel faster then light. Because of this theorie we know that the universe is bigger then 13,7 miljard lightyears. The fourth dimension can’t be seen by humans. We only see 2D with the back of our eye (which is flat), our brain makes it 3D for us. Tesseract shows us what 4D is, but we can’t understand it with a normal human brain. Our human brain uses 10% of the brain, Einstein used 30%. Sources: - https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2016/12/07/einstein-could-easily-think-in-four-dimensions-and its-a-skill-most-people-can-train/#34aa8df234fd - https://www.quora.com/How-did-Einstein-consider-time-as-the-fourth-dimension-in-general-relativity - http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2012/04/weekend-feature-space-is-4d-theory-claims-that time-is-not-the-4th-dimension.html - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52TbzvLVokw - http://forums.vgc.io/viewtopic.php?t=61 - https://www.homedit.com/4d-table-inspired-by-albert-einsteins-theory/ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGO12Z5Lw8s
Theory of Relativity Classical Relativity Objects move relative to each other How fast am I moving relative to some other thing? (We don’t feel the speed when we are moving, but see the movement compared to a still object.) 1000 m/h Earth spin, 67000 m/h Earth around Sun, 1/2 Million m/h Solar system Special theory of relativity Time dilation + Length contraction = Speed of light, which is the same for everything > Time slows down for objects moving close to the speed of light > Objects must go faster than the speed of light for the time to go backwards >When objects reach a speed close to the speed of light, they grow in mass > The energy needed is impossible to achieve. E = mc2 Energy = Mass * Speed of light2 General Theory of Relativity Objects curve the Spacetime continuum > Objects experience gravitation attraction to each other Application of Einsteins’s work Gravitational waves In 2016, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detected space-time ripples — otherwise known as gravitational waves — that occurred after black holes collided about 1.4 billion light-years from Earth. It was a century after Einstein predicted these ripples existed. The waves are a facet of Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Mercury’s orbit Mercury is a small planet orbiting close to a very massive object compared to its size — the sun. Its orbit could not be understood until general relativity showed that it’s the curvature of space-time that is affecting its motions and changing the orbit. Gravitational lensing This is a phenomenon by which a massive object (like a galaxy cluster or a black hole) bends light around it. Astronomers looking at that region through a telescope can then see objects directly behind the massive object, due to the light being bent. A famous example of this is Einstein’s Cross, a quasar in the constellation Pegasus.
Quotes of Einstein “Imagination is more important than knowledge.” “Everything should be as simple as possible, but not simpler.” “Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.” “Human beings, vegetables, or cosmic dust, we all dance to a mysterious tune intoned in the distance by an invisible player.” “I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.” “Peace cannot be achieved through violence, it can only be attained through understanding.” “The world is a dangerous place, not because of those who do evil, but because of those who look on and do nothing.” “Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I’m not sure about the former.” “The difference between stupidity and genius is that genius has its limits.” “It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.” “The value of a man resides in what he gives and not in what he is capable receiving.” “Once you can accept the universe as matter expanding into nothing that is something, wearing stripes with plaid comes easy.” When his wife asked him to change clothes to meet the German Ambassador: “they want to see me, here I am. If they want to see my clothes, open my closet and show them my suits.” “I have deep faith that the principle of the universe will be beautiful and simple.” Sources: - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttZCKAMpcAo (Theory of relativity explained. LondonCityGirl – Knowledge. 1.11.2014 г.) - https://www.space.com/15524-albert-einstein.html (Albert Einstein: Biography, Theories & Quotes. Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor. March 14, 2017) - https://www.allaboutscience.org/theory-of-relativity.html
The clothes of Albert Einstein He did not like wearing socks. Einstein discovered at a young age that he always made a hole in his socks. That is why he decided not to wear them anymore. This habit stayed with him until his death. Albert Einstein was perhaps an exception to the rule, but this is not by accident. The genius was dressed by his wife Elsa, so he always came out in a tight suit. As he grew older, however, he increasingly appeared in sweaters and sandals. Einstein wore the same suit every day (he had multiple versions of it), did not wear socks, and never brushed his hair. He said he would rather use his gray mass for things he really thought it was important to do. In his case, it was not for a long time standing in front of the closet or brushing his hair. “There are only two things infinitely great: the universe and the stupidity of man. And to be honest, in the case of the universe, I’m not entirely sure of it. “A typical statement by Albert Einstein, the scientist with his wild gray hair, indelibly imprinted in our collective memory thanks to his iconic portraits - sitting on a bicycle, his tongue stuck out, looking at us with those piercing eyes. The 5-year-old Lyla from England has a head with almost upright hair that they do nothing about. She is suffering from the rare ‘uncombable hair syndrome’. Her hair is almost never combed because it hurts a lot. Lyla-Grace Barlow from Derby has bright white hair that stands in all directions. And when she tries to comb it, it hurts. Lyla suffers from Pili trianguli et canaluculi also known as ‘unavoidable hair syndrome’. Around the world, probably fewer than 100 people suffer from the syndrome. Lyla shares it with at least one celebrity: “Albert Einstein also suffered from the disease.” That’s what her parents have also used. “We even dressed her once as Einstein, which of course was not difficult, we did not have to change her hairstyle.” Because the disease occurs in so few people, little is known about it. There is therefore no medicine or medication. Ever notice? Inventors, presidents, world-famous entrepreneurs and other very intelligent people almost always wear the same clothes. Thus Einstein always wore a three-piece suit and Mark Zuckerberg a gray shirt and jeans. Also Steve Jobs (black sweater, blue jeans) and President Obama (black suit, blue tie) can benefit from it. The reason for this is as simple as striking. And secretly we can learn something from it It has everything to do with the proper classification of your energy. Our brain needs just as much energy (and incentives) to make ‘useless’ decisions as important decisions. This is the reason why people who have to make a lot of decisions do not want to put any energy into choosing something ‘unimportant’, like their clothes. These genius minds may not necessarily have a more genius brain than you and me (well ahead of time), but know how to spend their energy better. They put all their energy and time into deciding what’s really important. It is really a mind set: they are always focused on their work. Being smart therefore has a lot to do with consciously distributing your energy. After all, your brain can not take everything into account and stand still.
Einstein soon had the reputation - which in the long run assumed almost legendary proportions but was based on reality - to be a friendly, gentle, at times scattered but always engaging professor who wandered around in thought, helping children with their homework and rarely carried his combed or socks. With his famous self-mockery he played on this image. ‘I am a sort of antique figure who is known for not wearing socks and is taken out of the closet on special occasions,’ he joked. His rather sloppy appearance was partly a confirmation of his simplicity, partly a rebellious puff. “I have reached an age when I do not have to listen when someone says I should put on my socks,” he told one of his neighbors. His baggy, well-fitting clothes symbolized his unselfish attitude. He had a leather jacket that he wore on formal and informal occasions. When a friend found out that he was slightly allergic to wool sweaters, she went to a dump store and bought a pair of cotton sweaters for him, which he wore forever and ever. And his scornful remarks about clipping and personal care were apparently so contagious that Elsa, Margot and his sister Maja also adopted the same sloppy, colorless style. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) fled from Germany to the United States in 1933. Not long after he bought a genuine short American leather jacket from Levi Strauss. He wore it for years, until it was weary. On 13 July it will be on sale at Christie’s in London. The brilliant Nobel laureate will have bought the jacket for a few decades at the time. The auction house estimates that the new owner will have to pay between 50,000 and 75,000 euros for the garment. It is on July 13 th Einsteindag at Christie’s, because more stuff from the physicist appears at the auction. A block box of the young Albert is estimated at 6000 to 10,000 euros and his silver pocket watch is expected to raise between 18,000 and 25,000 euros. Einstein became an icon. When people imagine a scientist, they usually think of him. Even in Hollywood films about scientists, a middle-aged man is often put down, usually in a lab coat and with sloppy hair, who does not worry about his clothes, and who is obsessed with his scientific task. Does this stereotype also strike the man who stood for the model? Almost. Einstein only never wore a lab coat. He was a theoretical physicist, so he only needed pen and paper - and his brains - to do his job. Sources: - http://froot.nl/posttype/froot/article/acht-dingen-die-je-niet-wist-over-albert-einstein - http://greekly.nl/9747/dit-zegt-jouw-kledingkeuze-zegt-over-hoe-belangrijk-je-bent/ - http://percytienhooven.com/dezelfdekleding - http://hpdetijd.nl/2015-11-27/hoe-albert-einstein-de-wereld-onomkeerbaar-veranderde/ - http://www.rtlnieuws.nl/editienl/Iyla-heeft-onkambaar-haarsyndroom-en-kan-er-niets-aan-aan-dat haar-haren-alle-kanten-op - http://lenoirmagazine.com/is-waarom-genius-people-altijd-kleding-dragen/ - Einstein de biografie – Walter Isaacson http://books.google.nl/books?id=g8tnBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT492&lpg= - http://telegraaf.nl/nieuws/401507/hoofdprijs-voor-jack-einstein - Einstein voor Dummies door Carlos l. Calle http://books.google.nl/books?id=4o_Jclg4gVAC&pg=PA9&lpg=PAG&dq=Einstein+werd+een+icoon.
Small facts about Einstein - - - - - - - - -
When he was 16 years old, he gave up his German citizenship and was formally stateless until he was a Swiss citizen in 1901. He did this because hated any form of nationalism and saw himself rather as a “citizen of the world” Einstein was a strong supporter of human rights and freedom of expression. He was already a human rights activist before the human rights movement existed. When human rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois in 1951 was indicted because he would be a kind of secret agent, Einstein voluntarily gave on to defence as a witness for him to act. After the lawyer for Du Bois would testify, the judge had informed that Einstein decided to let the matter drop. There existed a 1427 pages thick FBI file from him. The FBI submitted a dossier about Albert Einstein in 1933. It contained documents about the contacts that Einstein had his life with pacifist and Socialist organizations. FBI Director j. Edgar Hoover even suggested to Einstein from America to ward off on the basis of the ‘ Alien Exclusion Act ‘, but this proposal was rejected by the United States Department of State. He maintained a difficult friendship with “the father of chemical warfare. Fritz Haber was a German chemist who Einstein took out of Berlin and would became good friends. Haber was Jewish but converted to Christianity. He tried to convince Einstein of the benefits of assimilation before the Nazis came to power. During the first world war, he developed a deadly chlorine gas that was heavier than air. It sank down in the trenches and made sure the throats and lungs of the soldiers burned and they died a painful asphyxiation death. Haber is also called the “father of chemical warfare. He married the woman, Mileva Marić, who was the only female student in his class. Mileva, who would marry with Einstein, gave birth to a daughter before their marriage in 1902 uring a visit to her family in Serbia. The baby was named Lieserl. Historians suspect that they either already have young died of scarlet fever or up for adoption was ceded. Most likely has never seen her Einstein. Only few knew of the existence of Lieserl until 1987, when a collection of letters by Einstein was made public. Einstein and Mileve got two sons. The first one was Hans and the second son was Eduard. Alberts second son Eduard, also called affectionately known as “Tete”, got diagnosed with schizophrenia and spent nearly his entire adult life in institutions. Eduard was fascinated by psychoanalysis and was a big fan of Freud. Although they wrote letters to each other, his son never saw Albert after his immigration to the USA in 1933. Eduard died on his 55th in a psychiatric clinic. Einstein offered his first wife Mileva Marić all the money that he would get with the Nobel Price, in return for her agreement to a divorce. The prize money amounted to $32,250, which at that time was more than ten annual salaries of an average Professor. He married his niece Elsa. He had multiple affaires in his life. One of them was with the Russian Margarita Konenkova who might be a spy.
Sources: - http://www.nationalgeographic.nl/geschiedenis-en-cultuur/2017/04/10-x-dingen-die-je-waarschijnlijk-niet-wist over-einstein - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52TbzvLVokw - http://www.nationalgeographic.nl/video/tv/genius - Pais, Subtle is the Lord, p45-47 - Pais: Einstein lived here, p. 19,21
Research on other people opinions about Einstein himself and his work Einstein was actually a bit of a loner. As a kid he enjoyed being in his own world, he loved to read and to listen music. Due to the fact of being alone often, classmates called him stupid because he wouldn’t participate in groups and play with them. Niels Bohr, a Danish theoretical physicist who is basically one of the founders of atom physics said, when Einstein spoke about his research of quantum mechanics, that Einstein should ‘stop telling God what he has to do’. So actually, Einstein was a bit underestimated and his theories were not taken seriously by Niels Bohr. The worldwide hype about Einstein started with a message about his general theory of relativity in the New York Times in 1919. While later, around the 30’s, the importance of his physics contributions decreased, the interest for him grew, due to the media. Nowadays, advertisements still make great use of his name and face. Therefore, you could say that especially the media made him big these days. In the 1920’s he was appointed as a ‘special professor’ in Leiden and a year later he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his merits for theoretical physics and especially for his quantum mechanical explanation of the photoelectric effect. Those people could really appreciate him for his way of explaining a difficult theory so that other people simply could understand it. His great popularity was partly due to his social commitment, integrity, simplicity, humor and loveliness. As a conclusion, you could say that there isn’t just one specific shared opinion about him as a person and his theories. There are a lot of people who think different about him. Some people thought he had a great mind and he was very important for a lot of big inventions, while other people thought he was crazy and not as special as he nowadays seems to be. Sources: - https://www.teylersmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/gebouw-en-geschiedenis/bekende-personen/einstein-albert?gclid=EAIaI QobChMI2My6qMnK2AIV1ucbCh0fJAeBEAAYASAAEgIvtvD_BwE - https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein
Kanye West 1977 1980
08/06 Kanye Omari West born, Atlanta, Georgia Parents divorced Moved with his mother, Donda West, to Chicago, Illinois
1982 Started writing poetry when he was five years old
Passion for drawing and music showed in third grade (age 7-8 years old). He started rapping Polaris High School – suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois. After living in Chicago. Began making musical compositions in seventh grade (age 12-13).
1992 West crossed paths with producer/DJ No I.D., with whom he quickly formed a close
friendship. No I.D. soon became West’s mentor, and it was from him that West learned how to sample and program beats after he received his first sampler
1996 First official production credits; eight tracks on Down to Earth, debut album of Chicago rapper Grav.
1997 Received scholarship to attend Chicago’s American Academy of Art
Shortly after transferred to Chicago State University to study English.
1998 Dropped out at 20, to pursue his musical dreams.
“I dropped out of school, because I was not learning fast enough. I learned from real life better.’
2000 He began to produce for Roc-A-Fella Records.
Serving as an in-house producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, West produced records for other artists from the label, including Beanie Sigel, Freeway, and Cam’ron. He also crafted hit songs for Ludacris, Alicia Keys, and Janet Jackson.
2001 West moves to New York to pursue his music career full time
2002
The Blueprint - Jay-Z, produced by West
Signed to the label Roc-A-Fella Records, as a rapper. True aspiration was to be a rapper, but struggled to get a record deal (did not portray the image prominent in hip hop at the time).
2002
October, 23 – Near-fatal car crash. Left him with a shattered jaw, which had to be wired shut in reconstructive surgery. Two weeks after being admitted to the hospital, he recorded a song at the Record Plant Studios with his jaw still wired shut. The composition, “Through The Wire”, expressed West’s experience after the accident, and helped lay the foundation for his debut album. “I feel like the album was my medicine, it took away my pain. To nearly die is the best thing that can happen to a rapper”
Starts relationship with Alexis Phifer
2004
The College Dropout Album went platinum, and sold 2.6 million copies
2005
Late Registration West established his own record label G.O.O.D.
July, 2 – participated in a free concert, Live 8, in Philedelphia. Live 8, a concert held in ten cities and four continents across the globe. The mission of this free concert was to pressure political leaders into committing themselves to ending poverty in Africa. The concert was considered a huge success by all participants and its organizer, Bob Geldof (1954–). Despite many threats and lawsuits, he still performed. “I would rather take that chance because it’s important for my people.”
September – NBC broadcast A Concert for Hurricane Relied, and West was a featured speaker. He mentioned here “George Bush doesn’t care about black people” leading to mixed reactions.
2006 Engaged to Alexis Phifer 2007 Mother dies of complications from cosmetic surgery. Died of coronary artery
2008
disease and multiple post-operative factors due to or as a consequence of liposuction and mammoplasty. West and fiancée Alexis Phifer end their 18-month engagement. Graduation 808s & Heartbreak
2009
At the VMAs (2009) West crashed the stage and grabbed the microphone from winner Taylor Swift in order to proclaim that, instead, Beyonce ‘s video for “Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)”, nominated for the same award, was “one of the best videos of all time”. Led to widespread outrage throughout the whole music industry, and big controversy. Teamed up with Nike to release his own shoes, ‘Air Yeezys’.
2010
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Became platinum in the States
2012
April – West started dating reality star and longtime friend, Kim Kardashian
2013
June – Yeezus October – engaged to Kim Kardashian
North (Nori) West born
2014
May – West marries Kim in Florence, Italy
2015
February – premiered his clothing collaboration with Adidas entitled Yeezy Season 1, to generally positive reviews. This would include West’s Yeezy Boost sneakers.
March – West was awarded an honorary doctorate by the School of the Art Institute of Chicago for his contributions to music, fashion, and popular culture, officially making him an honorary DFA.
December – Saint West is born
2016
February – West premiered his album The Life of Pablo at Madison Square Gardens part of the presentation of his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line.
West postponed several dates in October following the Paris robbery of several of his wife’s affects.
November, 21 – West cancelled the remaining 21 dates on the Saint Pablo Tour, following a week of no-shows, curtailed concerts and rants about politics. He was later admitted for psychiatric observation at UCLA Medical Center. He stayed hospitalized over the Thanksgiving weekend because of a temporary psychosis stemming from sleep deprivation and extreme dehydration.
December – Released from hospital
Important People Donda C. (Williams) West - Mother - Moved to Chicago, Illinois - Professor English at Clark Atlanta University - Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University - Manager Kanye Impact - After she passed away he went ‘crazy’, lost himself (drugs etc..) - Mom was his rock - Most important person in his life, influenced a lot of choices and career path - Wanted him to study, but always supported his choices Ray West - Father - Former Black Panther o = revolutionary socialist organization o Black Power - One of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution - Christian counsellor o influence on believes (Christian, not religious but believes in God) - Opened Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland - 2006 Kim Kardashian - Wife and mother of children - Reality star - “I love Kim’s nude seflies. Like, I love the ones from the side, the back ones, and the front. I just love seeing her naked; I love nudity. And I love beautiful shapes. I feel like it’s almost a Renaissance thing, a painting, a modern version of a painting. I think it’s important for Kim to have her figure. To not show would be like Adele not singing.” - Kanye o
Shows obsession about bodies, and perfectionism
Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanye_West https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/kanye-west-i-dont-have-one-regret-20130612 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kanye-West http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Sh-Z/West-Kanye.html#ixzz53fxsEp8P
Music The College Dropout (2004) Theme of the album: “Make your own decisions. Don’t let society tell you, ‘This is what you have to do. lyrically = his own experiences and observations, including organized religion, family, sexuality, excessive materialism, self-consciousness, minimum-wage labor, institutional prejudice, and personal struggles. ACTIVIST, SENSITIVE, REFLECTIVE He wants to be the headact instead of the backroom player. OUTSPOKEN Chipmuck soul = speeded up soul samples The College Dropout destroyed gangster rap stereotypes. INNOVATIVE & CHALLENGING leaked months before its release date. However, West decided to use the opportunity to review the album, and The College Dropout was significantly remixed, remastered, and revised before being released. PERFECTIONIST West delivers the goods with a disarming mix of confessional honesty and sarcastic humor, earnest idealism and big-pimping materialism. In a scene still dominated by authenticity battles and gangsta posturing, he’s a middle-class, politically conscious, post-thug, bourgeois rapper — and that’s nothing to be ashamed of. CONCLUSION
Late Registration (2005) West stated that his goal for the album was to touch on topics that people from all walks of life could find relatable, while remaining true to himself: “[I wanted to have] raps that were just as ill as Jadakiss and just as understandable as Will Smith.” AUTHENTIC & ENGAGING
West’s lyrics explore both personal and political themes, including poverty, drug trafficking, racism, healthcare, and the blood diamond trade. ACTIVIST
he decided to find a new sound after sampling has been copied the money from his commercial success enabled him to hire a string orchestra for his second album. He juxtaposes the ochestral sound with hip hop. INNOVATIVE, CHALLENGING The albums recording sessions between West and Jon Brion were largely explatory( broad spectrum of sounds). Graduation (2007) Kanye helped rejuvenate the genre by injecting an electronic sound into hip-hop that was never before seen. INNOVATIVE & CHALLENGING Inspired by indie rock bands, house music and by U2 (on tour with U2), West; “I wanted to cross genres and show people how we could still express ourselves with something fresh, that’s what hip-hop’s all about. DARING TO EXPERIMENT & CHALLENGE
Graduation (2007) Kanye helped rejuvenate the genre by injecting an electronic sound into hip-hop that was never before seen. INNOVATIVE & CHALLENGING Inspired by indie rock bands, house music and by U2 (on tour with U2), West; “I wanted to cross genres and show people how we could still express ourselves with something fresh, that’s what hip-hop’s all about. DARING TO EXPERIMENT & CHALLENGE Lyrically, the album is more introspective in comparison to its predecessors, as West dedicated much of Graduation towards analyzing himself and conveying his ambivalent outlook on his newfound fame. REFLECTIVE & THOUGHTFUL Japanese art for the design of his album cover. INTERDISCIPLINARY (art)
808s & Heartbreak (2008) Following several personal events ( loss of his mother, broke up with fiancee) “The album was therapeutic. Its lonely at the top” SENSITIVE & EMOTIONAL
Pop-art album, to fully express the emotions Emotive hip hop about the pain and the loss, in a time dominated by a hip/hop language of materialism. DARING TO BE DIFFERENT & REINVENT HIP HOP
Themes: Loneliness , Grief, Pain, Loss, Alienated fame, Longing for companionship, Sense of normality VUNERABLE & REFLECTIVE
808 drum = 80s sync pop inspiration evoking emotion -> manipulated, distorted = represented Kanyes state of mind VUNERABLE Using the auto tune voice (setting a trend) = robotic (no human feelings) CONTRADICTIVE & INNOVATIVE My beautiful dark twisted fantasy (2010) Following a period of public and legal controversy “self imposed exile” = overworked mental state Maximalist -> took every sound he had cultivated up until that point = soul, orchestration, auto tune into one vision! “putting pieces together people liked about me” -> that made him dislike his album. First time music that looked backward instead of being future oriented = look back at his triumphs, missteps. Dark and twisted sound = beautiful chaos Lost in the world lyrics for kim Kardashian ROMANTIC Album themes: race, excess, celebrity, decadence, escapism, sex, wealth, romance He wanted an album cover that will get banned. PROVOKATIVE
YEEZUS (2013) Inspired by minimalist architecture and art -> also seen in album cover. A single Le Corbusier lamp was his “greatest inspiration. CREATIVE & INTERDISCIPLINARY Compositions are kept simple in order to hear the tracks more clearly Abbrassive, raw and melody free sound paranoid & narcisstic (I am a god) lyrics Yeezus has been characterized as West’s most experimental and sonically abrasive work The Life of Pablo (2016) The album’s world premiere would occur as a live listening session that would be the centerpiece of his latest fashion collection presentation. INTERDISCIPLINARY no authorized physical copy of this album exists, in any medium
Kanye at war with himself! His most important, ambitious statement in a lifetime full of important, ambitious statements. addled by anxieties of fame, family life, mental health and middle age. His persona which has dictated his life up to this point can no longer remain intact with the new responsibilities and expectations thrust upon him at this stage of his life. RESPONSIBLE & VUNERABLE & EMOTIONAL
Album functions as both a confessional and a cry for help. Critical eye inward, ferociously gutting his sense of self and his choices “You ain’t never seen nothing crazier than this n*gga when he off his Lexapro.” VUNERABLE
CONCLUSION: A deeply-flawed, downright disturbed man who is teetering on the brink of sanity. It is ugly, it is transgressive and it is not something we are likely to see or hear again.
Kanye West’s Identity Personality traits: Constantly sending mixed signals/ contradiction – enjoys confusing his fans - always keeping us guessing what will be next – makes us wonder is he a genius or a fool? Outspoken/loudmouth – Bold and brazen personality Large attitude – impulsive with his opinions (rant with Taylor Swift) Mixes politics, spirituality and existentialism Speaks on behalf of other people/his community – believes his purpose is to help people and he has the voice to do so through his fame Individuality – wants people to believe in themselves. “Be your own god” – believes there is a god in everyone and if you are a fan of Kanye, you’re a fan of yourself. Sensitive/emotional – Shows this through his music but puts on a hard façade There are 2 sides to him – Kid vs. philosopher “Just do it big” – Any publicity is good publicity - seems unconcerned with the credibility of what he does Believes in a higher power - God but not religion Non-conformity – didn’t conform to “gangsta image”, “I can talk about anything, guns sex and violence but if I talk about God my record wont get played?” Continually re-invent/re-markets himself - But this moving target of image and genre also suggests a relatively unstable sense of self and identity. He simultaneously rejects and worships fame - He is a materialist, striving to be relatable to the common man, but also claiming to be the Steve Jobs and Michael Jordan of music, on par with the son of God. Occupies a bizarre place in the zeitgeist – absolutely beloved and absolutely hated, simultaneously, sometimes by the same people Always on the go – Hyperactive lifestyle Never shies away from controversy Politics - Activist for social issues: “Rappers are philosophers of our now,” West added. “Celebrities are the influencers of our now, just look at the president, he wasn’t in politics and ‘ won.” Constantly mixed signals - investing into Hilary’s campaign but claiming he would have voted trump – doesn’t share republican views but liked the Republican’s ‘politically incorrect’ way of communicating Advocate for change - “met with Trump today to discuss multicultural issues. These issues included bullying, supporting teachers, modernising curriculums, and violence in Chicago. I feel it is important to have a direct line of communication with our future President if we truly want change.” Racism: Benefit concert - “Bush doesn’t care about black people” - created a national debate on the relationship between black America and the largely white power structure. “It’s not about racism anymore. It’s classism” Future of racism – Believes that in 20 years – “every person of color or female or any minority that comes into power will eventually shift it” Confederate flag – thinks it’s a symbol of slavery and racism but he wore the flag and featured it on his tour merchandise - “I took the Confederate flag and made it my flag. Now whatchu gonna do?”
LGBTQ: In 2005, Kanye spoke out about homophobia in hip-hop - bold and uncommon move for a rapper 13 years Supported Caitlyn Jenners transformation – Told her to say: “Fuck everybody. This is who I am.” Education: founded the Dr. Donda West Foundation, which is named after his late mother, to combat illiteracy and low graduation rates, and to provide access to music education programs But at the same time claims: “I am a proud non-reader of books.” Public Health: raises awareness of AIDS – claiming it is a manmade disease - “placed in Africa just like crack was placed in the black community to break up the Black Panthers.” Income inequality visited “occupy wall street” even though he’s part of the 1% highest income - “He wants to give power back to the people. That’s why we’re here.” Religion: Believes in whatever highest power there is; Kanye believes in God but not especially in Christianity. It wasn’t like he was given the decision at the time. His parents made the choice for him to be a Christian. Christianity is embedded in who he is today. “I feel like religion is more about separation and judgment than bringing people together and understanding. That’s all I’m about. I’m about accepting people for who they are. Live and let live. I fully embrace every culture there is. I love when people are who they are to the fullest.” – Kanye said in an interview in 2009. “I believe in Jesus as an icon, but I don’t feel the responsibility to put my life on Jesus. I feel I need to take responsibility for my own successes and failures. Why I say, ‘I don’t give it all up to Jesus’ is because there are a lot of people who don’t take responsibility for their lives, and always think Jesus is gonna handle it. And, that’s what I refuse to do. Sources: - http://www.shrinktank.com/psychologists-perspective-kanye-west/ - https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/jun/25/kanye-west-glastonbury-festival-2015-worlds-biggest-pop-star - https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2013/10/why-kanye-west-acts-that-way/280506/ - https://hollowverse.com/kanye-west/ - http://www.vulture.com/2016/11/where-2020-candidate-kanye-stands-on-the-issues.html - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVkJmajjuwY - http://www.phatmass.com/phorum/topic/93979-kanye-west-on-religion-and-jesus-christ/ - https://hollowverse.com/kanye-west/#footnote_1_344
KANYE WEST’S STYLE EVOLUTION Ralph Lauren Polo Bear sweatshirts, baggy jeans, and statement gold jewelry affixed with a pendant of Jesus Christ. We like to call this look prep-hop.
2004
Brightly colored rugby pullover and contrasting striped Oxford shirt. Bling-y gold jewelry and his ever-present backpack completed the ensemble.
Kanye wears wide-lapel white tuxedo jackets, contrasting square-toe shoes, and over-the-top sunglasses.
2005
Here, West went for more of a streetwear vibe with a graphic blue zip-up and Nike sneakers.
2006
Once again, West went for it in a matching three-piece lavender suit. While gold extras and oversize shades made an appearance, the musician mixed perforated white leather moto gloves and a cigar into his look.
2006
20
With the release of his a Graduation, West was li always seen with these Mikli-designed sunglass We’re guessing that eve other fashion statement, including this khaki suit tie combo, was an after
007
album iterally Alain ses. ery , and red rthought.
West began to play with menswear, but naturally, he made the trend his own by incorporating bright color and graphic patterns into his repertoire. He even added a sporty sweatshirt around his waist.
2008
Something about this military cadet jacket ensemble just screams Michael Jackson to us, but West modernized the look with a white tee and distressed jeans instead of going full on King of Pop circa 1984.
The rapper adopted red as his signature color in the late 2000s. He wore a red Moncler jacket too.
2008
2009
2009
West went for a little bit of red and a lot of designer in 2009, like his Goyard suitcase and Louis Vuitton Takashi Murakami scarf used as a pocket square. West went on to collaborate with then LV creative director Marc Jacobs on this first fashion capsule collection—a line of sneakers with the house.
KANYE WEST FIRST COLLECTION INSPIRATION
While many have identified his choice of a skin-coloured palette as a statement on race, in a recent interview with Vanity Fair, the rapper has declared that his inspired are way more sophisticated: “It had nothing to do with race. It was only colours of human beings and the way these palettes of people work together and really just stressing the importance of colour, the importance of that to our sanity, these Zen, monochrome palettes. I’ve stayed in a Claudio Silvestrin apartment since I was 26, and I love those types of palettes and that’s my opinion”.
If you find instead that his clothes do not shine on their own, here’s the reason why: “I want the clothes to almost go away, to almost be invisible, to be one with the personality. You know when you see people’s dogs look like them? I want people’s clothes to look like them”.
KANYE WEST YEEZY X ADIDAS TIMELINE
Yeezy season 1 Fleshcoloured bodysuit - Details are army/workwear inspired - Big pockets - Camoprint - Natural rural colours - Playing with layers - Distressed - Trousers are oversized but cuffed in at the ankles - Zippers details - A lot of knitted fabrics Sweat fabric
Yeezy season 2 Oversized trousers - Big pockets on coats, jackets and trousers Wrinkled clothing (ruffle) - Looks distressed but isn’t - rough belts as details - hooded seams
Yeezy season 3
Distressed holes in knitwear - Sweatpants consisting of pieces - Lammy coates - knitted tops with patterns - Nude rural colours - Coated - Sweat fabric - Body following for women
Yeezy season 4 Lammy coats - Nude whites colours - Workwear inspired - Body following dresses - Big kneehigh boots - Big pockets on coats - Only women - Zippers - Hoodies - Sweat - Thick fabrics over all - Camo/army prints
COLOUR SCHEME SEASON 4
Yeezy season 5 Brands on the clothing - Tracksuits - Denim - Lammy - Camo/army prints Darker/cooler colours/ nature colours - Flannel - Oversized clothing and layers - tucked in
COLOUR SCHEME SEASON 5