Piet Zwart & Margarete Schutte

K E U K K Ü E C N H E

Piet Zwart

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Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky About their designed kitchens: 'Bruynzeel keuken' and 'Frankfurter Küche'.

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Piet Zwart Z

Worked for Wils and Berlage E to Voorburg In 1913 Piet ZwartK moved and got to know the painter from E E and Hungary named: Vilmos Huszár architect Jan Wils. Jan Wils had only established himself as an independent L U architect, after having worked at Berlage for for years. Piet Zwart became a

K draftsman at Wills for two years and worked on a number of Wils’ important E early projects. Zwart also worked together with Huszár, who took the final N colors for his account. is, that Zwart never had a thing for boats.

It is just so typical of Piet Zwart that he always showed his skills again in other fields.

The first task of the Bruynzeel family was designing the furniture for the Stormhoek bungalow in Zaandam. The design of this bungalow was done by Jan Wils, architect of the Olympic Stadium in Amsterdam and door factory in Zaandam.

The application of color for the furniture and wallpaper of the bungalow was designed by Vilmos Huszár, the creator of the still famous Eagle Vignette from the Bruynzeelfirm.

Stormhoek was ment for son Cornelis Bruynzeel (1900-1980) who was the director of the newly built doorfactory.

This design was made clear by Piet Zwart using color and perspective. Both buildings are now demolished unfortunately.

The working relationship with son Cornelis was special. We worked on the basis of mutual trust and respect. This was also the germ of the later integration of design and industry, a development that shortly began after the outbreak of World War II.

Contact Bruynzeel 1922 (according to AVRO Close Up documentary series “Everything must be new” from 2012) is the year when Zwart and the Bruynzeel family got in contact in the form of a contract for the design of furniture and later known Bruynzeel kitchen. In 1938 his kitchen got produced after three years of research. He designed the layout of Cornelis Bruynzeel Jr.’s New yacht Eagle Intended for the ocean race in 1936. Special about that

The contact Cornelis Bruynzeel, which dated from 1922, contained that Piet Zwart from 1930 was to create commissioned ads for the company and design the monthly blotters he which did until 1950. He also designed a triangular look for liquid was from the factory floor. There is a catalogue containing all known products of Bruynzeel companies specifically described in detail, published in several editions. Piet Zwart has also been involved from the outset in the design and implementation of the wood and paper packaging of Bruynzeel pencils.

The collaboration between Piet Zwart and Bruynzeel continued excellent till the 50’ies.

K E U K E N S

De Kunstbus, http://www.kunstbus.nl/design/piet+zwart.html, Piet Zwart, 10 april 2013

Peter Marcuse, http://www.marcuse.nl/page.php?pageID=157, Piet Zwart, een veelzijdig avant-gardistisch vormgever, 10 april 2013

F R Margarete A Schütte-Lihotzky N K

F - U The Frankfurt kitchen was a milestone

R considered the in domestic architecture, forerunner of modern fitted kitchens, for it realised for the first time T a kitchen built

after a unified concept, designed to enable efficient work and to be built atH low

cost. It was designed in 1926 by Austrian architect Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky E for architect Ernst May’s social housing project K New Frankfurt in Frankfurt,

R Germany. Some 10,000 units were built in the in Frankfurt. late 1920sÜ C H E

“They thought I would die of starvation”

Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky in November 1998.

A portrait of the 5th Death of the Viennese architect and resistance fighter - with a matter of opinion “It will surprise you,” said Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky occasion of her 100th Birthday, “I before I conceived in a radio interview, the Frankfurt Kitchen 1926’ve never cooked itself. Home in Vienna has my mother cooked in Fankfurt I went to the inn. I designed the kitchen as an architect, not a housewife “. Behind this idea was the pragmatic desire to relieve women doing housework, with its functionality and rationality were considered supreme principles.

Because of the then-popular Taylorist movement studies she had learned that there must be a simple way for every work.

And so they developed, inspired by her husband Wilhelm Schütte, who worked on the “minimum subsistence level housing,” the principle to accommodate a maximum features in minimum space. The result was the then revolutionary space-saving kitchen.

The Frankfurt kitchen, with the first architect in Austria has become world famous, however, was only one of many projects, which Schütte-Lihotzky had created in the course of social housing.

K Ü C H E N

International Labour F R A N K In Nazi resistance FirstF architect Social Housing

From 1920, the settlers’ movement is active, Schütte-Lihotzky was increasingly confronted with the difficult living conditions of the Viennese contemporary workforce.

From this they developed the insight that the misery of the workers covered their living catastrophic situations. Decisive was the fact that the labor-and space-saving concepts were financially affordable for the most vulnerable. In addition to her exemplary housing and social housing in Austria and Germany, she also designed furniture as well as kindergartens and schools - in Istanbul, Paris, London and Moscow.

Margaret (mostly “Grete” called) was born on 23 LihotzkyBorn January 1897 in Vienna, the daughter of a bourgeois family. The implementation of their desire to study architecture was not made easy for her.

When she wanted to study further after visiting the KK School of Applied Arts in Vienna, which she had visited 1915-1919 as the first and only woman had both her father, a civil servant, as well as her professor for a continuation of their studies at the College of Applied Arts.

“They thought I would starve in 1916, no one could imagine that a woman charged with building a house - not even myself,” she said on the occasion of her 100th Birthday in an interview the Wiener Zeitung.

They still refused to be deterred, because the “mathematical precision, the Artistic, Creative, a d especially the social to the architecture” fascinated her.

After studying the architect worked for the “First-profit Siedlungsgenossenschaft the Veterans of Austria” and was in common with Adolf Loos in the site office of the city at peace settlement Lainz Game worked. In 1926 she was called by the German architect Ernst May from Frankfurt Building Department, where she designed facilities for kindergartens, laundries, apartment types for working single women and the Frankfurt Kitchen. There she met the architect Wilhelm Schütte, whom she married a year later.

In 1930 she went with May to Moscow to plan child framed houses and industrial cities. After stints in Paris, London and Istanbul, where she designed the example based on the Montessori educational pavilion kindergartens, returned SchütteLihotzky 1940 he returned to Vienna and joined the anti-fascist resistance of the CPA. In an interview with the student union Boku newspaper of 1995, she said: “We were convinced that Nazism is a disaster for Europe and the world, not only for Austria”. Already after 25 days of activist work, she was arrested by the Gestapo and condemned “by a series of coincidences to ‘only’ 15 years in prison.” With the end of the war it was on 29 April, 1945 liberated

by American troops from Aichach prison in Bavaria.

Not only that, their decisive for resistance to the Nazi regime by the state of Austria was ignored their work in architecture from 1946 were marked by a boycott of the city of Vienna, because she was not ready to withdraw from the CPA. It was not until her 90th Birthday was showered with honors the great social reform architect.

Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky died on 18 January 2000, just five days before her 103rd Birthday, in Vienna. (Dabu)

U R T H K E Ü

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K I T C H E N S

Los Angeles Times, http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jan/22/news/ mn-56593, Margarete Schuette-Lihotzky; Pioneering Architect, 12 april 2013 New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/27/arts/27ihtdesign27.html?_r=0, Modernist Triumph in the Kitchen, Alice Rawsthorn, 12 april 2013

http://www.stuttgarter-gesellschaft-kunst-denkmalpflege.de/05_FK/05_afk. htm#eng, Zu einer Typologie der Frankfurter Küchen 1926 – 30, 2 april 2013 Die Standard, http://diestandard.at/1920037, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky: "Sie haben gedacht, ich würde verhungern", 12 april 2013