Policy Briefing: Instability in Libya By Noman Benotman 25 March 2014 The following is a policy recommendation to the Foreign Affairs Committee of the UK Parliament, as requested by its Chairman, Sir Richard Ottaway, to aid in the publishing of a report on extremism and instability in North and West Africa. This will act as a framework for the oral evidence given by Quilliam President Noman Benotman to the Committee on Tuesday 25 March at 2:30pm. The popular uprisings witnessed across North and West Africa reached Libya on 15 February 2011. For the Libyan protestors, the main objectives were in accordance with those set out in Tunisia and Egypt, predominately the overthrow of the long-standing dictatorial regime, in Libya’s case, that of Muammar Gaddafi. The non-violent protests turned violent within weeks following Gaddafi’s forceful response. The involvement of international diplomacy in Libya was officially instigated by the Arab League, where a diplomatic coalition involving the UK was seen as crucial to the provision of support for the Libyan people against Gaddafi. The UK took the lead in this coalition in the face of a potential humanitarian crisis and initially pressured Gaddafi to step down and respond to the Libyan people’s demands. The grounds for military intervention were quickly established when Gaddafi failed to respond to this diplomatic pressure and there was further evidence of his violent reaction to the Libyan people’s peaceful protests. The UK’s direct involvement was both legal and justified on humanitarian grounds and fully sanctioned by UN Resolution 1973. Had the international community not intervened when they did, we may have seen a massacre comparable to the more recent situation in Syria. Intervention was a moral imperative for Britain, was widely supported by the Arab League and was the correct decision. There was little possibility for non-intervention, given the strong international demand for UK involvement in the crisis and given Gaddafi’s intransigence in the face of diplomatic pressure. The military intervention was an overall success in that it provided the essential level of support for rebel forces to overthrow Gaddafi. The UK’s swift decision to support the rebel forces and provide diplomatic and military pressure in support of their cause did well to boost positive sentiment toward Britain throughout the Libyan population, particularly during the struggle to overthrow the regime. Gaddafi was eventually captured on 20 October 2011 during the Battle of Sirte and was killed shortly thereafter, marking the end of his 42 year rule.
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