Computer for Journalist

==================================================================

Effective Use of Computer and Internet for Youth & Children Journalist ==================================================================

Organized by Shishuprokash/ MMC www.shishuprokash.com

Module prepared by Shahjahan Siraj Machizo Multimedia E-mail: siraj@machizo.com House-35, Flat-D5, Road-12A (New) Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1209 http://www.machizo.com

Table of content

No 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

Module mame Introduction to Computer Definition: History: The parts a computer Hardware (in brief ) Computer peripherals Trouble shooting Glossary: essential terminology on computer

Page 03 03 05 06 12 13 17

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

Microsoft Word ( MS Word ) Introduction Starting up Microsoft Word Toolbar: introducing and usages Open a new document and basic work Creating a two-column document Some essential functions

21 21 22 24 26 26

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14

Microsoft Power point Introduction Starting Microsoft PowerPoint Creating and opening a presentation Opening an existing presentation Create a blank presentation Different views/ powerpoint demonstrates Slide Manipulation Formatting slide background and text inserting clipart & pictures Adding transitions to a slide show Viewing the slide show Navigating while in your slide show Save the presentation Save the presentation

28 28 29 30 31 32 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10

Photoshop 7 basic Opening a file Creating a new document Essential tools Layers and history Filters Color correction / brightness contrast correction Style/ blending options Save document and the format Steps for save the documents Printing your file

37 37 37 42 42 43 43 43 43 44

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8

Internet basic Internet: at a glance What is the web made of?

How the web works Connecting to the Internet How the web works E.mail / how it works However search engine work Glossary: most popular internet terminology

46 46 46 47 48 48 50 51

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

1

Module 1

Introduction to Computer

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

2

1.1 Definition: a) A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. b) The computer is a versatile and powerful tool for you and your organization.

It enables you to work more effectively and to communicate with people around the world. c) A computer is a machine that receives, processes, and stores information electronically. Computers can pass information to each other in the same way that telephones do. Because computers do so many things, it's important to keep in mind that this is a tool to help you do what you want.

Some of the things computers can enable you to do include: • • • • •

creating documents accounting and calculating sending and receiving e-mail messages finding information publishing information

1.2 History: It is difficult to identify any one as an discoverer. Originally, the term "computer" referred to a person who performed numerical calculations (a human computer), often with the aid of a mechanical calculating device.

The history of the modern computer begins with two separate technologies - that of automated calculation and that of programmability.

Examples of early mechanical calculating devices included the abacus, the slide rule and arguably the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism (which dates from about 150-100 BC). By the end of the 19th century a number of technologies that would later prove useful in the realization of practical computers had begun to appear. During the first half of the 20th century, many scientific computing needs were met by increasingly sophisticated analog computers, which used a direct mechanical or electrical model of the problem as a basis for computation.

•

First programmable computer name is Z1. The Z1 originally created by Germany's Konrad Zuse in 1936 to 1938.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

3

• • • • • • • •

The first digital computer developed by Professor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate student Cliff Berry in 1937 and continued to be developed until 1942 at the Iowa State College.

The first stored program computer EDSAC The computer performed its first calculation on May 6, 1949 and was the computer that ran the first graphical computer game.

The first personal computer was discovered in 1975 by Ed Roberts.

The first laptop or portable computer is considered to be the Osborne developed

by Adam Osborne.

The first PC (IBM compatible) computer launched in 1953 by IBM. The first Apple computer: Steve Wozniak designed the first Apple known as the Apple I computer in 1976.

The first multimedia computer was discovered in 1992.

However The first computer company was founded in 1949 by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, the same individuals who helped create the ENIAC computer.

1.3 The parts a computer A personal computer can take on many guises. The most prevalent type of computer available in Bangladesh is the IBM-compatible model. Some professional or design houses use Macintosh platform which can be an "all-in-one" unit or a modular unit.

Modular units usually consist of the following separate components: CPU – Central Process unit The Monitor The Keyboard The Mouse The Floppy Diskette Drive The CD-ROM Drive Peripherals

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

4

Your "computer" is a collection of devices that function as a unit. The most basic collection includes a Computer CPU, a Monitor, a Keyboard, and a Mouse. The Computer CPU is normally a rectangular box that sits on your desktop (called a "Desktop Case") or next to your knee under the desk (called a "Tower Case"). The computer's CPU is actually a small electronic device inside the case but the term is often used to refer to the whole collection of electronics inside the box.

1.4 Hardware (in brief) The hardware are the parts of computer itself including the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and related microchips and micro-circuitry, keyboards, monitors, case and drives (floppy, hard, CD, DVD, optical, tape, etc...). Other extra parts called peripheral components or devices include mouse, printers, modems, scanners, digital cameras and cards (sound, colour, video) etc... Together they are often referred to as a personal computer or PC.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

5

1.4.1 Central Processing Unit (CPU) Though the term relates to a specific chip or the processor a CPU's performance is determined by the the rest of the computer's circuitry and chips.

Currently the Pentium chip or processor, made by Intel, is the most common CPU though there are many other companies that produce processors for personal computers. Examples are the CPU made by Motorola and AMD. With faster processors the clock speed becomes more important. Compared to some of the first computers which operated at below 30 megahertz (MHz) the Pentium chips began at 75 MHz in the late 1990's. Speeds now exceed 3000+ MHz or 3 gigahertz (GHz) and different chip manufacturers use different measuring standards (check your local computer store for the latest speed). It depends on the circuit board that the chip is housed in, or the motherboard, as to whether you are able to upgrade to a faster chip.

The motherboard contains the circuitry and connections that allow the various component to communicate with each other.

Though there were many computers using many different processors previous to this I call the 80286 processor the advent of home computers as these were the processors that made computers available for the average person. Using a processor before the 286 involved learning a proprietary system and software. Most new software are being developed for the newest and fastest processors so it can be difficult to use an older computer system.

1.4.2. Keyboard The keyboard is used to type information into the computer or input information. There are many different keyboard layouts and sizes with the most common for Latin based languages being the QWERTY layout (named for the first 6 keys). The standard keyboard has 101 keys. Notebooks have embedded keys accessible by special keys or by pressing key combinations (CTRL or Command and P for example). Ergonomically designed keyboards are designed to make typing easier.

Some of the keys have a special use. There are referred to as command keys. The 3 most common are the Control or CTRL, Alternate or Alt and the Shift keys though there can be more (the Windows key for example or the Command key). Each key on a standard keyboard has one or two characters. Press the key to get the lower character and hold Shift to get the upper.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

6

1.4.3. Removable storage/ disk drives: All disks need a drive to get information off - or read - and put information on the disk or write. Each drive is designed for a specific type of disk whether it is a CD, DVD, hard disk or floppy. Often the term 'disk' and 'drive' are used to describe the same thing but it helps to understand that the disk is the storage device which contains computer files or software - and the drive is the mechanism that runs the disk.

USB Flash drives or thumb drives work slightly differently as they use memory cards to store information on. Digital cameras also use Flash memory cards to store information, in this case photgraphs.

1.4.4. Mouse Most modern computers today are run using a mouse controlled pointer. Generally if the mouse has two buttons the left one is used to select objects and text and the right one is used to access menus. If the mouse has one button (Mac for instance) it controls all the activity and a mouse with a third buttons can be used by specific software programs.

One type of mouse has a round ball under the bottom of the mouse that rolls and turns two wheels which control the direction of the pointer on the screen. Another type of mouse uses an optical system to track the movement of the mouse.

Note: It is important to clean the mouse periodically, particularly if it becomes sluggish.

A ball type mouse has a small circular panel that can be opened, allowing you to remove the ball. Lint can be removed carefully with a tooth pick or tweezers and the ball can be washed with mild detergent. A build up will accumulate on the small wheels in the mouse. Use a small instrument or finger nail to scrape it off taking care not to scratch the wheels. Track balls can be cleaned much like a mouse and touch-pad can be wiped with a clean, damp cloth. An optical mouse can accumulate material from the surface that it is in contact with which can be removed with a finger nail or small instrument.

1.4.5. Monitors The monitor shows information on the screen when you type. This is called outputting information. When the computer needs more information it will display a message on the screen, usually through a dialog box. Monitors come in many types and sizes from the simple monochrome (one colour) screen to full colour screens.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

7

Most desktop computers use a monitor with a cathode tube and most notebooks use a liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor.

To get the full benefit of today's software with full colour graphics and animation, computers need a color monitor with a display or graphics card.

1.4.6. Printers The printer takes the information on your screen and transfers it to paper or a hard copy. There are many different types of printers with various levels of quality. The three basic types of printer are; dot matrix, inkjet, and laser.

1.4.7. Modem A modem is used to translate information transferred through telephone lines or cable.

The term stands for modulate and demodulate which changes the signal from digital, which computers use, to analog, which telephones use and then back again. A high speed connection also requires a modem but because the information is transferred digitally it isn't required to change the signal from digital to analog but is used to create the connection between your computer and the computer you are connecting with.

Modems are measured by the speed that the information is transferred. The measuring tool is called the baud rate. Originally modems worked at speeds below 2400 baud but today analog speeds of 56,000 are common. Cable, wireless or digital subscriber lines (DSL) modems can transfer information much faster with rates of 300,000 baud and up.

Modems also use Error Correction which corrects for transmission errors by constantly checking whether the information was received properly or not and Compression which allows for faster data transfer rates. Information is transferred in packets. Each packet is checked for errors and is re-sent if there is an error.

Anyone who has used the Internet has noticed that at times the information travels at different speeds. Depending on the amount of information that is being transferred the information will arrive at it's destination at different times. The amount of information that can travel through a line is limited. This limit is called bandwidth.

There are many more variables involved in communication technology using computers, much of which is covered in the section on the Internet.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

8

1.4.8. Scanner Scanners allow you to transfer pictures and photographs to your computer. A scanner 'scans' the image from the top to the bottom, one line at a time and transfers it to the computer as a series of bits or a bitmap. You can then take that image and use it in a paint program, send it out as a fax or print it. With optional Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software you can convert printed documents such as newspaper articles to text that can be used in your word processor. Most scanners use TWAIN software that makes the scanner accessable by other software applications.

Digital cameras allow you to take digital photographs. The images are stored on a memory chip or disk that can be transferred to your computer. Some cameras can also capture sound and video.

1.4.9. Case/ casing The case houses the microchips and circuitry that run the computer. Desktop models usually sit under the monitor and tower models beside. They come in many sizes, including desktop, mini, midi, and full tower. There is usually room inside to expand or add components at a later time. By removing the cover off the case you will may find plate covered, empty slots that allow you to add cards. There are various types of slots including IDE, ASI, USB, PCI and Firewire slots.

Notebook computers may have room to expand depending on the type of computer.

Most Notebooks also have connections or ports that allows expansion or connection to exterior, peripheral devices such as monitor, portable hard-drives or other devices.

1.4.10. Cards Cards are components added to computers to increase their capability. When adding a peripheral device make sure that your computer has a slot of the type needed by the device.

Sound cards allow computers to produce sound like music and voice. The older sound cards were 8 bit then 16 bit then 32 bit. Though human ear can't distinguish the fine difference between sounds produced by the more powerful sound card they allow for more complex music and music production.

Colour cards allow computers to produce colour (with a colour monitor of course). The first colour cards were 2 bit which produced 4 colours [CGA]. It was amazing what could be done with those 4 colours. Next came 4 bit allowing for 16 [EGA and VGA ] colours Then came 16 bit allowing for 1064 colours and then 24 bit which allows for almost 17

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

9

million colours and now 32 bit is standard allowing monitors to display almost a billion separate colours.

Video cards allow computers to display video and animation. Some video cards allow computers to display television as well as capture frames from video. A video card with a digital video camera allows computers users to produce live video. A high speed or network connection is needed for effective video transmission.

Network cards allow computers to connect together to communicate with each other.

Network cards have connections for cable, thin wire or wireless networks. For more information see the section on Networks.

Cables connect internal components to the Motherboard, which is a board with series of electronic path ways and connections allowing the CPU to communicate with the other components of the computer.

1.4.11 Memory Memory can be very confusing but is usually one of the easiest pieces of hardware to add to your computer. It is common to confuse chip memory with disk storage. An example of the difference between memory and storage would be the difference between a table where the actual work is done (memory) and a filing cabinet where the finished product is stored (disk). To add a bit more confusion, the computer's hard disk can be used as temporary memory when the program needs more than the chips can provide.

Random Access Memory or RAM is the memory that the computer uses to temporarily store the information as it is being processed. The more information being processed the more RAM the computer needs.

One of the first home computers used 64 kilobytes of RAM memory (Commodore 64).

Today's modern computers need a minimum of 64 Mb (recommended 128 Mb or more) to run Windows or OS 10 with modern software.

RAM memory chips come in many different sizes and speeds and can usually be expanded. Older computers came with 512 Kb of memory which could be expanded to a maximum of 640 Kb. In most modern computers the memory can be expanded by adding or replacing the memory chips depending on the processor you have and the type of memory your computer uses. Memory chips range in size from 1 Mb to 4 Gb. As computer technology changes the type of memory changes as well making old memory chips obsolete. Check your computer manual to find out what kind of memory your computer uses before purchasing new memory chips.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

10

1.5. Computer peripherals

Peripheral devices include speakers, microphones, printers, scanners, digital cameras, plotters, and modems. Peripherals often require special software packages called "drivers". These drivers are usually included with the peripheral at purchase time.

An Operating System, or OS, is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer Operating System, a computer would be useless.

1.5.1 Operating system As computers have progressed and developed so have the types of operating systems.

Below is a basic list of the different types of operating systems and a few examples of Operating Systems that fall into each of the categories. Many computer Operating Systems will fall into more than one of the below categories. Windows, Linux, Ubuntu, OS10 etc is most popular operating system.

1.5.2 GUI- Graphical user Interface: Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI Operating System contains graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse.

1.5.2 Application software Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform. This should be contrasted with system software which is involved in integrating a computer's various capabilities, but typically does not directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benefit the user. In this context the term application refers to both the application software and its implementation.

A simple, if imperfect analogy in the world of hardware would be the relationship of an electric light bulb (an application) to an electric power generation plant (a system). The _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

11

power plant merely generates electricity, not itself of any real use until harnessed to an application like the electric light that performs a service that benefits the user.

Typical examples of software applications are word processors, spreadsheets, and media players.

Multiple applications bundled together as a package are sometimes referred to as an application suite. Microsoft Office and OpenOffice.org, which bundle together a word processor, a spreadsheet, and several other discrete applications, are typical examples.

The separate applications in a suite usually have a user interface that has some commonality making it easier for the user to learn and use each application. And often they may have some capability to interact with each other in ways beneficial to the user.

For example, a spreadsheet might be able to be embedded in a word processor document even though it had been created in the separate spreadsheet application.

User-written software tailors systems to meet the user's specific needs. User-written software include spreadsheet templates, word processor macros, scientific simulations, graphics and animation scripts. Even email filters are a kind of user software. Users create this software themselves and often overlook how important it is.

In some types of embedded systems, the application software and the operating system software may be indistinguishable to the user, as in the case of software used to control a VCR, DVD player or Microwave Oven.

1.6 Trouble shooting:

A 10-Step Tune-Up for Improving the Performance Of Your Windows PC Computer slowing down? Error messages taking over your life? Before you invest in expensive software, hardware upgrades or even a new PC, try these simple suggestions for cleaning up your system.

Remember, these suggestions should be harmless, but don't do anything you find uncomfortable. Also, as always, be sure to back up any information that is important to you before you start. Please also understand that Windows typically offers users more than one way to solve a problem, so if you have an easier or better way to accomplish these goals, please e-mail us and share your ideas.

Initial preparation : To find out how much space is used on your hard drive, double click on the My Computer icon on your desktop. Then right click on the icon for each hard drive and the pie chart will tell you how much disk space you have used and how much free space remains. (Win 95 users will have to select the properties option from _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

12

the pulldown menu.) Write down this information so that you can compare numbers later.

Close this box and then right click on the My Computer icon on your desktop. Right-click on each hard drive to bring up the menu that includes Properties option. In earlier versions of Windows you will find a Performance tab. System Resources will let you know how well your computer is performing. In Windows 98, you will be given cleanup and tools options.

STEP ONE: Review your Startup Programs Something that can dramatically affect performance is the number of programs that load when you turn on your PC. (Lots of new software automatically inserts itself into your Startup tray when you install it.)

The more programs in the Startup group, the slower the start-up. Any open program will use the Random Access Memory (RAM) to some extent. The more programs using RAM, the slower your computer will run. However, just closing the program does not immediately release all the RAM, so you should keep as few applications open as possible.

To find out which programs are running in your start-up tray, click on the Start button at the lower left of your screen. Then choose Run and enter msconfig and then hit OK. A screen will appear with various tabs. Click on the Startup tab to see what is in your startup tray and remove the check in front of items you do not want to load when you start your PC. (Remember - when in doubt, don’t! It is better to leave items you are unsure about than to remove them and find that they are needed.)

Alternately, to remove programs from the Start Up group, in versions below Windows 98, you can go to the My Computer icon, double click and then click on the Start Up Menu to remove unwanted files. In Windows 98, you can go to the My Computer icon, open it, and double click on the hard drive where Windows is installed. Then click on the Windows folder and then click on the Start Menu folder. Click on Programs, then Startup. If you don't want your PC to load with a particular program, just highlight it and click Remove. (Don't worry - this does not remove the program from your computer, it just prevents the program from loading automatically at Startup.) If you change your mind, you can always put it back using the ADD function.

STEP TWO: Clean out your Windows\temp directory It is safe to delete all files from the Windows\temp directory that are more than a week old. Again, go to the My Computer icon, open it, and double click on the icon for your hard drive. Double click on the Windows folder, then the Temp folder. Click on View Details, then click on View -- Arrange Icons -- By Date. Using your mouse, draw a box _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

13

around any file ending in the extension .tmp that is more than a week old and then hit Delete.

STEP THREE: Uninstall old applications (software programs) If you have applications (software programs) on your computer that you no longer use, you can uninstall them using the uninstall program that came with the program.

(Typically, you can find the Uninstall program by clicking on the Start button at the lower left of your screen, then click on Programs. Highlight the name of the application/program that you want to remove and look for an Uninstall listing in the program folder and follow directions.)

If there is no Uninstall program provided, double click on My Computer and use the Control Panel's Add/Remove Programs utility to uninstall it. (This is a less than perfect system, so if space is tight, try a commercial uninstaller.)

NOTE: You may get messages asking whether you want to remove certain shared files that are no longer in use. The safest bet is to say No. (You can always invest in a cleanup program later like Norton Utilities, and it will identify and repair any leftover shortcuts.)

STEP FOUR: Folders, documents & files Over time, you can begin to accumulate folders, documents, and files that do nothing more than clog your hard drive. Go to the My Computer icon and peruse your folders, removing things you don't want. Alternately, you can open Windows Explorer and use the delete function under the File option at the top of the screen to remove items you no longer need.

STEP FIVE: Empty your browser's cache All Internet browsers toss files onto your hard drive as you move from Web site to Web site. The trouble is they leave them there in a folder or a series of folders called the Cache. The means you can literally have thousands of files on your disk that serve little or no purpose.

To deal with this problem, with your browser running, use these instructions to clear the cache of Internet Explorer and or Internet browser(s).

STEP SIX: Get rid of old, unwanted e-mail _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

14

Do you hang onto all of your old e-mail? Do you have to keep it all? Adopt the habit of deleting the e-mail you don't need as soon as you are done reading it.

STEP SEVEN: Empty the Recycle Bin Open the bin before you empty it and check its contents. Is there something in the bin that you do not want to delete? Highlight it and click Restore. Remember that once you empty the Recycle Bin, you cannot easily retrieve those files.

STEP EIGHT: ScanDisk ScanDisk cleans your hard drive of the miscellaneous errors caused by software conflicts. Before running ScanDisk, be sure to close all applications, and turn off your screensaver. (To close all applications, hold down the CTRL key, the ALT key and the Delete key at the same time. This will bring up the Close Program window. Highlight each open program except Systray and Explorer and click on End Task. Do not hit CTRL/ALT/Delete twice, or click on the Shut down button or you will turn your machine off!)

Click Start and then Run and type in: scandisk You will have an option of choosing Standard or a Thorough. If you have never done a scandisk before, choose the Thorough option.

Alternately, you can click on the Start button, then Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> ScanDisk.

STEP NINE: Defrag Your computer will function best if all the information it needs to access is in the same place. Unfortunately, programs do not always place items in the optimal places on your hard drive, and when you delete files and programs, your hard drive gets fragmented.

To get all the information together again, run a Defrag after running a ScanDisk. Click Start -> Run and type in: defrag . Defrag will take awhile, so do it just before you go to lunch or overnight. Restart your machine after defragging.

Again, alternately, you can click on the Start button, then Programs-> Accessories->System Tools->Disk Defragmenter.

STEP TEN: Mouse alert!

Last, but not least, is your mouse giving you a hard time? Don’t call the cat - usually all you need to do is a bit of cleaning. Start by turning off your computer and then turn your _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

15

mouse over and turn (or push) on the cover that holds the ball in place. Remove the ball and wash it with soap and water, rubbing alcohol or a Windex-type cleaner. Pat dry with a paper towel. (You can clean your mousepad the same way.)

Look inside the mouse. Clean the rollers using a damp Q-tip or compressed air. Use tweezers to remove hair or dust. Put the ball back into the mouse and close the cover.

1.7. Glossary: essential terminology on computer The following incomplete list should help alleviate misunderstandings of computerrelated terms: CD-ROM: Another acronym. This one stands for Compact Disk-Read Only Memory. CD-ROM disks are becoming the standard for delivering programs from the software developer to the computer user. CD-ROM's come in a variety of flavors based on the language they are written in (PC, Mac, or Unix). PC's cannot read a Mac CD-ROM, but Macs can read PC CD-ROMS. CPU: The brain of the computer. This is located on a circuit board inside the desktop or tower computer case. This component has terms associated with it such as "486", "Pentium" and "Celeron". Most of the CPU's are manufactured by a company called Intel. They are the Microsoft of the hardware world.

Data: Computer food. Data can be numbers, letters, symbols, mathematical expressions, mouse clicks, or button presses. The CPU translates all this activity to series of zeroes and ones and then performs magic.

Drivers: Drivers are software packages that are needed to run certain peripheral devices. Printers, monitors, scanners, and network cards all require software drivers so that the computer knows how to communicate and control the device.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD): This is the internal magnetic storage device housed inside the computer case. These come in a variety of sizes, measured in how many bits of information they can contain. A bit of information equals either zero (0) or one (1). To a computer, this is equivalent to turning a light switch off (0) or on (1). Computers operate on bits in groups of 8, called a byte. Every byte contains 8 bits. Bits and bytes can be stored magnetically on material that resembles cassette or 8-track recording tape. The magnetic material stores information as sequences of the digits "0" and "1" (hence the name digital storage). Since it takes many bytes to store such things as letters, words, and sentences, the amount of information that a Hard Drive can store is measured in multiples of 1000-bytes, 1,000,000 bytes, or 1,000,000,000 bytes. Terms such as kilobyte (1000 bytes or 1KB), megabyte _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

16

(1,000,000 bytes or 1MB), and gigabyte (1,000,000,000 bytes or 1GB) have evolved to represent these storage capacities. When you purchase a computer, get as large a Hard Drive as you can afford. The standard in 1998 was between 4GB and 8GB. The Hard Disk Drive is often referred to as the "C:" drive.

Floppy Diskette: The floppy diskette is a removable storage device that is used by the Floppy Diskette Drive (also known as the A: drive or FDD). This storage device is capable of holding 1,440,000 bytes (1.44MB) of data. The Floppy Diskette is inserted and removed from a slotted opening on the front of the computer case.

Keyboard: The main tool to get information into the computer and the most common way to tell the computer what you want it to do. Most keyboards have the same arrangement of keys as a typical typewriter keyboard. Computer keyboards have additional keys that perform computer-specific functions.

Modem: A telecommunications peripheral device that allows computer to communicate with one another via conventional telephone lines. Modems are required for home computers to access the Internet or to send and receive facsimile transmissions (FAX). Modems are rated by their speed in moving data from the computer to the telephone line. This speed is measured in bits per second (bps). Standard modern modems are rated at 28,800 bps, 33,600 bps and 56,400 bps.

Monitor: The "Television" screen that allows you to see what the computer is doing. Many newcomers to computing mistakenly think of the monitor as the computer itself. Computers can operate without a monitor, but computer users cannot.

Motherboard: The circuit board on which most of the major electronic components are situated. Most manufacturers integrate cable attachment ports on the back-end of the motherboard. They also include slots so that owners can add their own cable attachment ports. The slots are designed to accept cards. These are normally found near the back of the computer case.

Mouse: A common input device used to tell a computer what it needs to do. With the invention of the Macintosh and Windows operating systems, computer users needed a device to point at objects on the screen and select them.

MS-DOS: An older operating system that powered personal computers through their beginning years. Prior to the development of the graphics-oriented Macintosh and Windows operating systems, this system relied on typing commands one line at a time to tell the computer what you wanted it to do. This system is still in use in the Windows family of software and still has many practical uses. Windows 3.1 relies on MS-DOS to operate. MS-DOS stands for Microsoft-Disk Operating System.

Network Card: A card that can be installed in one of the motherboard slots to give _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

17

the computer the ability to talk to other computers with similar cards. A collection of similarly equipped computers connected by specially designed cables is known as a network. The mechanism (including languages and protocols) used to communicate on a network are varied, but the most common networking designs in use are Ethernet and Token Ring.

Operating System Software (OS): The instructions that allow the computer to start working and permit it to run other programs. The major OS software types include MS-DOS, Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows NT, Macintosh, UNIX, and LINUX. The most popular OS in use at present is Windows. Most computers come with one of these pre-installed.

Platform: The computer operating system and/or architecture. Computers that are capable of running MS-DOS, Windows 3.1 or Windows95/NT operating system software typically have the Intel 486/Pentium CPU. Computers running the Macintosh operating system software have a Motorola 68xxx/PowerPC CPU. For the most part, these platforms are incompatible as they have different rules and instructions for performing their tasks.

Pentium - Pentium II: Faster, larger CPU devices that are designed to allow more computing instructions to occur per second. Most computers manufactured in the past 3 to 4 years contain this device.

Peripheral Device: Any device that is connected to the computer in addition to the basic CPU-Monitor-Keyboard-Mouse configuration. External speakers, microphones, joysticks, printers, and scanners are examples of peripherals.

Printer: A peripheral device that allows the computer user to produce paper copies of the information processed by the computer. Common home printers spray ink on paper and are called ink-jet printers. Office and school printers are typically laser printers which work on the same principle as a xerographic copy machine, using electrostatic charges and toner cartridges to place information on paper.

Program: A complex set of instructions that allow the computer user to process data. Common programs include word-processing, spreadsheets, databases, drawing and painting, Internet tools, and games. Programs are necessary for computers to be useful to humans.

RAM: This acronym stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is commonly called "memory". Memory is measured in megabytes (MB) and usually comes in multiples of 2 or 4. The more RAM that a computer has, the better it can carry out instructions. It is recommended that a new computer have 32 MB, 64MB, or 128MB of RAM.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

18

Module 2

Microsoft Word ( MS Word )

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

19

2.1. Introduction Microsoft Word is a powerful tool for word typing and text formatting with excellent design and photo arrangement.

2.2. Starting up Microsoft Word There is two ways to start MS Word • •

Double click on the Microsoft Word icon on the desktop. OR Click on Start --> Programs --> Microsoft Word

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

20

2.3. Toolbar: introducing and usages The toolbars in Microsoft Word provide easy access and functionality to the user. There are many shortcuts that can be taken by using the toolbar.

2.3.1. Setting the tools bar • •

Click View manu > Select Toolbars > Select Standard, Formatting, and Drawing Other toolbars can be selected if you wish

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

21

2.3.2. Most useful tools with icon The tools are organized function based category. For example. FILE, EDIT, VIEW, INSERT, FORMAT, TOOLS and TABLE etc. However same function tools are arranged both as ICON and Manu list.

Table: Manu New Blank Document Open (File menu)

Description/ use Creates a new, blank file based on the default template.

Opens or finds created file

Save (File menu)

Saves the open file after work or during working

Print (File menu)

Prints the active file or selected items. To select print options, on the File menu, click Print.

Shows how a file will look when you print it.

Print Preview (File menu) Spelling and Grammar (Tools menu) Cut (Edit menu) Copy (Edit menu) Paste (Edit menu)

Icon

Checks the open document for possible spelling, grammar, and writing style errors Removes the selection from the opened document Copies the selection to text/ part to past in another document or another part of documents Inserts the text/contents in certain place which has been copied.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

22

Format Painter (Standard toolbar)

To make same style this tool has been used. To copy the formatting to more than one item, doubleclick on , and then click each item you want to format. The selected part will be automatically same style Returned back icon that is restore previous status.

Reverse of Undo function Linking to a URL/ website address. For examplehttp://www.unnayantv.com Enter a magnification between 10 and 400 percent to reduce or enlarge the display of the active document.

Undo (Edit menu) Redo (Edit menu) Hyperlink Zoom

2.4. Open a new document and basic work 2.4.1. Creating and save a new document • •

Click on File or Write text

•

Save the document > by clicking at the icon

icon

2.4.1. Formatting Text • •

There are a number of tools for formatting the text and image Most popular are font type, font size, alignment, bulleting, columns making,

paragraph arrangement, indenting etc _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

23

• •

We can format the text by using certain tools/ icon or following right click option by selecting target text Highlight the text that you want to format > right click on the mouse > You will get many format option

2.4.2. Inserting a table • •

Click where you want your table to go Click Table icon > Select Insert > choose number of column and row

•

You can make table by using the icon

2.4.3. Inserting a picture/ art work • • •

Click where you want your picture to go Click Insert at top of screen > Select Picture/ clip art Select picture and click Insert

2.4.4. Inserting page numbers and date/time •

Click Insert menu > Select Page Numbers and/or Date & Time

2.4.5. Spell checking your document •

Click tools menu or icon

> Select Spelling and Grammar

2.4.6. Some important format options

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

24

2.4.7. Changing the font and font size: • • •

Select the Text > click on the arrow next to Times New Roman Select a new font > click on the arrow next to the font size Select a new size.

2.4.8 Creating bulleted and numbered lists: • •

Type a short list > select the text.

Click on the Bullet button or the Number button.

2.4.9 Creating and Editing Headers and Footers: •

Click on View > Click on Header and Footer > Add Date or Time etc....

2.5. Creating a two-column document.

• • • • • •

Select the text.

Click on the Columns Button on the toolbar.

Drag the mouse over the number of columns you want.

Release the mouse button and click anywhere on the document.

You cannot see the 2 columns unless you click on the Page Layout View.

(Bottom left)

2.6. Some essential functions •

Minimize word interface o click on the Minimize Button (underscored box)

•

Minimize a document o click on the Minimize Button

•

Moving text o Select the text > click on the cut button > click on the Paste button.

•

Inserting a Tab: o Press the Tab button on the keyboard. (Tabs are set every 1/2")

•

Setting a tab and Margins: o Click at the beginning of a line. o Click on a spot on the ruler where you want your tab.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

25

o Double click on the Ruler to get some extra tab features. o Double click on the left margin of the ruler to setup the page layout.

•

Add a Page Break: o Press Ctrl + Enter in the spot you want a hard page break.

•

Closing a document: o Click on File and Close.

•

Open a document: o Click on file and open ( or browse the file from your computer )

•

Searching for Text: o Click on Edit and then Find. (Or Ctrl + F)

•

Type a word in the find box that you want to find.

•

Using the Thesaurus: o Click on Tools. > Click on Thesaurus. ( shift + F7)> Type a word in the Insert box

•

Click on Look Up > Click on a new word and then on Replace. o Using Word Count: o Click on Tools > Click on Word Count.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

26

Module3

Microsoft Power point 3.1. Introduction Microsoft PowerPoint is a powerful tool to create professional looking presentations and slide shows. PowerPoint allows you to construct presentations from scratch or by using the easy to use wizard.

3.2. Starting Microsoft PowerPoint •

1. Double click on the Microsoft PowerPoint icon

•

2. Click on Start >> Programs >> Microsoft PowerPoint

on the desktop. OR

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

27

3.3. Creating and opening a presentation

• •

After you will get a number of option create blank presentation, general temple, from design and from auto content wizard New from template >> general option is very common and popular

• (AutoContent Wizard Creates a new presentation by prompting you for information about content, purpose, style, handouts, and output.

The new presentation contains sample text that you can replace with your own information.

• Design Template _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

28

Creates a new presentation based on one of the PowerPoint design templates supplied

by Microsoft.

• Blank Presentation Creates a new blank presentation by using the default settings for text and colors. This is generally used for advanced user with own designed template )

3.4. Opening an existing presentation 1. Select Open An Existing Presentation from the picture above 2. Click on your presentation in the white box below step 1 • •

If you do not see your presentation in the white box, select More Files and hit OK. Locate you existing Presentation and hit the Open button

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

29

3.5. Create a blank presentation After you select Blank Presentation a window pops up asking you to select the layout of the first slide.

Choose a style

Demonstration tools

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

30

3.6. Different views/ powerpoint demonstrates There are different views within Microsoft PowerPoint that allow you to look at your presentation from different perspectives.

Normal View

Slide Sorter View

Switches to normal view, Displays miniature versions where you can work on of all slides in a one slide at a time or presentation, complete with organize the structure of all text and graphics. In slide the slides in your sorter view, you can reorder presentation slides, add transitions, and animation effects. You can also set the timings for electronic slide shows.

Slide Show View

Runs your slide show in a full screen, beginning with the current slide if you are in slide view or the selected slide if you are in slide sorter view. If you simply want to view your show from the first slide:

3.7. Slide manipulation •

Inserting a new slide 1. Click Insert at top of screen ( left slide column ) 2. Select New Slide > insert

3.8. Formatting slide background and text You can format your slide to make it look however you would like, whether it be a background color, picture, or a design template built into Microsoft PowerPoint. The next step will show you how to apply a Design Template, but the other items mentioned above can be accomplished the same way.

1. Click Format at the top of the screen 2. Select Apply Design Template 3. Select Design you wish to apply 4. Click Apply Button ( text formatting is fully similar to that of MS Word ) _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

31

3.9. Inserting clipart & pictures 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Display the slide you want to add a picture to.

Click Insert at the top of the screen Select Picture Select Clip Art Click the category you want Click the picture you want Click Insert Clip on the shortcut menu When you are finished using the Clip Gallery, click the Close button on the Clip Gallery title bar 9. Steps 1-4 are very similar when inserting other Pictures, Objects, Movies, Sounds, and Charts

3.10 Adding transitions to a slide show You can add customized transitions to your slide show that will make it come alive and become appealing to your audience. Follow these steps when adding Slide Transitions.

1. In slide or slide sorter view, select the slide or slides you want to add a transition to. _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

32

2. On the Slide Show menu at the top of the screen, click Slide Transition

3. In the Effect box, click the transition you want, and then select any other options you want 4. To apply the transition to the selected slide, click Apply.

5. To apply the transition to all the slides, click Apply to All. 6. Repeat the process for each slide you want to add a transition to.

To view the transitions, on the Slide Show menu, click Animation Preview.

3.11. Viewing the slide show You can view your slide show by any of the following ways: 1.

2.

3.

4.

Click Slide Show at the lower left of the PowerPoint window.

On the Slide Show menu, click View Show.

On the View menu, click Slide Show.

Press F5 on the keyboard

3.12. Navigating while in your slide show 1. Forward Navigation : Simply click on the left Mouse Button or hit the Enter Button on your keyboard 2. Reverse Navigation : Hit the Backspace on the keyboard 3. Exiting the show : Hit the Esc Button on the keyboard

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

33

3.13. Save the presentation: File > Save or use icon ( Note: there is great similarity in the icon of and formatting function of Power Point to that of MS Word )

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

34

Module-4

Photoshop 7 basic (Photoshop is most popular image processing software. With its comprehensive set of retouching, painting, drawing, and Web tools, Photoshop helps you complete any image-editing task efficiently. And with features like the History palette and editable layer effects, you can experiment freely without sacrificing efficiency. Photoshop has been launching by famous software company, Adobe)

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

35

4.1. Opening a file •

Opening a file is easy, just do Menu > File > Open > ( select certain file ) > OK.

4.2. Creating a new document •

To create a new document a window appear which requires some input:

1. S  ize…( for example 8 inches by 11 inches ) 2. B  ackground…( for example white ) 3. R  esolution…( for example 150. ) 4. NOTE: Resolution specs a. Web Resolution = 72 b. Print resolution = 150 or 300 c. Film Resolution = 600

5. Steps to create new file: a. b. c. d.

Menu > File > New Put in a Size ( 8 inch by 11 inch) Background is White Resolution is 150 this time.

4.3. Essential tools

Rectangular Marquee Tool (M) Use this tool to make selections on your image, in a rectangular shape.

This changes the area of your image that is affected by other tools or actions to be within the defined shape. Holding the [Shift] key while dragging your selection, restricts the shape to a perfect square. Holding the [Alt] key while dragging sets the center of the rectangle to where your cursor started.

Move Tool (V) Use this tool to, well, move things.

Usually you use it to move a Layer around after it has been placed. Hold the [Shift] key to limit the movements to vertical/horizontal.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

36

Polygon Lasso Tool (L) Ok, this should be the Lasso Tool, but I use the Polygon Lasso a lot more often. Use this to draw selections in whatever shape you would like. To close the selection, either click on the beginning point (you’ll see the cursor change when you’re on it), or just double-click. When holding the [Ctrl] key, you’ll see the cursor change, and the next time you click, it will close your selection.

Magic Wand Tool (W) Use this to select a color range. It will select the block of color, or transparency, based on wherever you click. In the Options Bar at the top, you can change the Tolerance to make your selections more/less precise.

Crop Tool (C) The Crop Tool works similarly to the Rectangular Marquee tool (see above if you have no short-term memory). The difference is when you press the [Enter/Return] key, it crops your image to the size of the box. Any information that was on the outside of the box is now gone. Not permanently, you can still undo.

Slice Tool (K) This is used mostly for building websites, or splitting up one image into smaller ones when saving out. It’s kind of an advanced tool, and since you’re in here for the basics, we’ll kind of skip over it. Kinda makes you mad I made you read all that for nothing, huh?

Healing Brush Tool (J) This is a really useful tool. Mildly advanced. You can use this tool to repair scratches and specs and stuff like that on images. It works like the Brush tool (see below). You choose your cursor size, then holding the [Alt] key, you select a nice/clean area of your image. Let go of the [Alt] key and paint over the bad area. It basically

Brush Tool (B) This is one of the first tools ever. It’s what Photoshop is based off of. Well, not really, but it’s pretty basic. It paints one your image, in whatever color you have selected, and whatever size you have selected. There’s a lot of options for it, but this is basic, so you don’t get to learn them. Ha.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

37

copies the info from the first area to the second, in the form of the Brush tool.

Only, at the end, it averages the information, so it blends.

Clone Stamp Tool (S) This is very similar to the Healing Brush Tool (see above). You use it the exact same way, except this tool doesn’t blend at the end. It’s a direct copy of the information from the first selected area to the second. When you learn to use both of these tools together in perfect harmony, you will be a Photoshop MASTA! Not really, it’s just less irritating.

History Brush Tool (H) This tool works just like the Brush Tool (see above) except the information that it paints with is from the original state of your image. If you go Window>History, you can see the History Palette. The History Brush tool paints with the information from whatever History state is selected.

Eraser Tool (E) This is the anti-Brush tool. It works like an eraser (duh) and erases whatever information wherever you click and drag it. If you’re on a Layer, it will erase the information transparent. If you are on the background layer, it erases with whatever secondary color you have selected.

Gradient Tool (G) You can use this to make a gradiation of colors. Gradiation doesn’t appear to be a word, but it makes sense anyway.

It creates a blending of your foreground color and background color when you click and drag it. Like a gradient.

Blur Tool (R) The Blur tool is cool. It makes things blurry. Click and drag to make things blurry. The more you click and drag,

Dodge Tool (O) This tool isn’t as crappy as the car brand. It’s actually used to lighten whatever area you use it on. As long as

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

38

the blurrier things get.

it is not absolute black. Absolute black won’t lighten.

Path Selection Tool (A) You use this tool when working with paths. Since this is all about the basics, I won’t go into details. It’s related to the Pen Tool (see below) though.

Horizontal Type Tool (T) It makes type. Or text. Or whatever you want to call it. You can click a single point, and start typing right away. Or you can click and drag to make a bounding box of where your text/type goes. There’s a lot of options for the Type Tool. Just play around, it’s fairly straight-forward.

Pen Tool (P) I mentioned this tool above. It’s for creating paths, in which you would use the Path Selection Tool to select the path. Paths can be used in a few different ways, mostly to create clipping paths, or to create selections. You use the tool by clicking to add a point. If you click and drag, it will change the shape of your path, allowing you to bend and shape the path for accurate selections and such.

Rectangle Tool (U) By default it draws a Shape Layer in the form of a rectangle. It fills the rectangle with whatever foreground color you have selected. It’s pretty complicated, don’t hurt yourself with this one.

Notes Tool (N) Like post-it notes, but digital. You can use this tool to add small little note boxes to your image. These are useful if you’re very forgetful or if you’re

Eyedropper Tool (I) This tool works by changing your foreground color to whatever color you click on. Holding the [Alt] key will

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

39

sharing your Photoshop file with someone else. I’m pretty sure it only works with .PSD files.

change your background color.

Hand Tool (T) You can really make short work of your job with the Hand Tool. It’s for moving your entire image within a window. So if you’re zoomed in and your image area is larger than the window, you can use the Hand Tool to navigate around your image. Just click and drag. You can get to this tool at any time when using any other tool by pressing and holding the [Spacebar].

Zoom Tool (Z) Pretty obvious what this tool does. It allows you to zoom into your image.

Don’t be dumb, it doesn’t actually change the size of your image. Hold the [Alt] key to zoom out. Holding the [Shift] key will zoom all of the windows you have open at the same time.

Double-click on the Zoom Tool in the palette to go back to 100% view.

Background/ Foreground These are your color boxes.

Foreground (in the front) and Background (in the back). Click on either one to bring up the color select dialog box.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

40

4.4. Layers and history: •

Follow along steps: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Open Test psd Open Menu >Window > History Open Menu >Window > Layers Click on top layer in Layer Palette Click on Paint tool in tool bar Paint 6 lines on document.

Stretch History Palette to show all states Click on state 2 or the second line we drew…Notice that everything under it has 9. faded.

10. Click on state 4 or the fourth line we drew…Notice the changes 11. Now click on state 2 and draw a line…Notice that all states under 2 have 12. dissappeared.

•

Text and fonts: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Select the layer your text is on.

Select the text to be edited.

Change the color of the text.

Change the font type.

Apply a bend Move the text Click ok ( the check mark)

4.5. Filters: In the previous example, we have tested two "focusing" filters. In the "Filter" menu you can find a lot more tools designed for versatile - sometimes rather specific - tasks.

• • • •

From the program menu select "Filter > Filter Gallery". It opens a huge dialog window allowing us to try and combine various filters before applying them.

To add an effect to your image just click its thumbnail in the library pane. If you don't like the result, try other filters.

Adjust the selected effect's parameters in the "options" pane.

To impose a new effect over the existing one click the "new effect layer" button.

Then select a different filter in the "library" pane and / or edit its settings.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

41

• •

To delete a mistakenly added filter select its "effect layer" and click the "trash" button. Note though, the list may not contain less than one effect. To get rid of it you either replace it with another filter, or click "Cancel" button.

When ready, click "OK" to apply the chosen filter(s).

4.6. Color correction / brightness contrast correction You can edit or correct the color by the following steps •

Image > Adjustment > Choose the option as you need ( you can edit all the properties related with photography including brightness and contrast )

4.7. Style/ blending options After open the file you can set different style/ blending option by setting following steps •

Layer > layer style > choose your options from blending menu

4.8. Save document and the format • •

Before save the documents you must have to clear about the format Formats: o .PSD This is the PhotoShop format and it preserves layers. o .JPG This is for the web and is used for graphics on the web. o .GIF This is also for the web but is best for text. o .TFF A great cross platform format that preserves all quality for printing. o .PCT Another good format for print and cross platform.

4.9. Steps for save the documents

1. First lets open Collage.psd located in the workshop folder on the desktop.

2. Menu > File > Open navigate to document, click once on it, click OK. 3. Next let’s save it as Work.psd in the Test folder in the workshop folder on the desktop.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

42

4. Next save it as Work.jpg in the FindMe folder in the workshop folder on the desktop.

5. Menu > File > Save As Change name, Navigate to desired save location, Click OK.

4.10. Printing your file 1. 2. Menu > File > Page Setup. A window will open. Check that document is going to print 2. to the printer you desire. If it is not, 3. Select desired Printer. Make sure Landscape/Portrait is correct.

4. Click OK 5. Menu > File

4.11. Saving for the web: When creating anything for the web, file size is of great importance, almost equal to quality. The save for web option allows you to optimize the files for size while seeing the results to quality.

• • •

Open Test.psd Menu > File > Save for Web. This opens a new window In upper left, click on 4-up…it creates 4 images. The upper left image is your original,

• •

the others are examples of options.

Select the second image by clicking on it, notice black line surrounds it.

In upper right of window are options for saving.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

43

Module 5

Internet basic The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail ( e.mail ), online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW).

The Internet has had a relatively brief, but explosive history. It grew out of an experiment begun in the 1960s by the U.S. Department of Defense. The DoD wanted to create a computer network that would continue to function in the event of a disaster, such as a nuclear war. If part of the network was damaged or destroyed, the rest of the system still had to work. That network was ARPANET, (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) which linked U.S. scientific and academic researchers. It was the forerunner of today's Internet.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

44

5.1. Internet: at a glance Internet is a global network, by which we can send and receive mail or information anytime, from any places. The Internet has an electronic post office that allows you to communicate instantly--no stamps required. There's an online library with millions of books and periodicals you can access any time of the day or night. Chat rooms are the Internet equivalent of 24-hour coffee shops, with people eager to gab anytime you want.

The World Wide Web is like a giant mall, where you can shop, order a pizza, preview a movie, download music and meet and greet your neighbors. All of these represent different ways of using the Internet.

The Internet works much the same way: different software applications are used to accomplish different tasks: for example, a web browser to access news sites, an instant messaging program to communicate quickly.

Some software, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox, actually contain more than one kind of program. Although Internet Explorer is primarily a web browser, it also has a newsreader and a media viewer. You can also use more specialized software, such as iTunes or Windows Media Player, stand-alone media players, and combine different programs together into a system that works best for you.

5.2. What is the web made of?

It’s a combine network of Your personal computer Web browser software to access the Web A connection to an Internet service provider (ISP) Servers to host the data Routers and switches to direct the flow of data

5.3. How the web works _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

45

Web pages are stored on web servers located around the globe.

Entering the Uniform Resource Locator or URL of a web page in your web browser ( web page looking software ) or clicking a link sends a request to the server that hosts the page.

The server transmits the web page data to your computer and your web browser displays it on your screen.

5.4. Connecting to the Internet

02 01 Open your computer and modem ( if broadband not need modem )

Insert your user and password in dial-up conneciton’s window

03 Signal will go to web through server of your ISP ( Internet Service Provider )

04 After connection, you will be linked with WWW ( World Wide Web ). You will be able

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

46

to send/ receive E-mail . However your will be able to see the website

5.5. How the web works

After internet connection, when you write down any website address ( like www.shishuprokash.com )

The sigla will first go to your ISP server after that via settlite in the server where the website has been hosted.

However quickly/ lessthan a second as answer the date will come to your computer

You will be able to see the website if the website active in the server.

5.6. E.mail / how it works

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

47

Open your e.mail software ( for example Outlook express, eutora, etc) or webmail system ( for example, Yahoo, Gmail, hotmail etc. )

Write your message and the address where you want to send the e.mail.

For example < siraj@machizo.com>

After send you mail it will be sent and saved to your recevierâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mail server/ ISP server

When he or she will check mail, the message will be downloaded.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

48

5.7. However search engine work

A search engine is a type of software that creates indexes of databases or Internet sites based on the titles of files, keywords, or the full text of files. The search engine has an interface that allows you to type what you're looking for into a blank field. It then gives you a list of the results of the search. When you use a search engine on the Web, the results are presented to you in hypertext, which means you can click on any item in the list to get the actual file.

Google, Yahoo, Locus, Altavista etc. are famous search engines

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

49

5.8. Glossary: most popular internet terminology Uploading & downloading Uploading meaning sending/ posting to internet. Downloading means, file receiving from Interne. The process sending the file internet is known as FTP ( File Transfer Protocol )

Domain Name/ IP address The domain name is the unique name that identifies an Internet site. The Internet is made up of hundreds of thousands of computers and networks, all with their own domain name or unique address. Domain names always have two or more parts separated by dots. A given server may have more than one domain name, but a given domain name points to only one server. For example. www.shishuprokash.com

E-mail Short for electronic mail, e-mail consists of messages, often just text, sent from one user to another via a network. E-mail can also be sent automatically to a number of addresses.

Hypertext / Link Hypertext usually refers to any text available on the World Wide Web (WWW) that contains links to other documents. The use of hypertext is a way of presenting information in which text, sounds, images, and actions are linked together in a way that allows you to jump around between them in whatever order you choose.

HTML An acronym for Hypertext Markup Language, HTML is the computer language used to create hypertext documents. HTML uses a finite list of tags that describe the general structure of various kinds of documents linked together on the World Wide Web.

Internet Service Provider Also called an ISP or access providers, Internet service providers refers to the remote computer system to which you connect your personal computer and through which you connect to the Internet.

ListServ/ Mailing list The heart of an electronic mailing list, Listserv software automatically subscribes and _________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

50

unsubscribes list members and sends copies of every e-mail message to every list subscriber.

Multimedia Multimedia refers to the simultaneous use of more than one type of media such as text with sound, moving or still images with music, and so on.

SPAM Originally just a canned sandwich filler product, spam now also refers to the practice of blindly posting commercial messages or advertisements to a large number of unrelated and uninterested newsgroups, and bulk e-mailing unsolicited commercial messages.

Streaming Media Streaming data refers to multimedia files, such as video clips and audio, that begin playing seconds after it is received by your computer from the World Wide Web. The media is delivered in a "stream" from the server so that you don't have to wait several minutes or longer to download multimedia files.

URL An acronym for Uniform Resource Locator, a URL is the address for a resource or site (usually a directory or file) on the World Wide Web and the convention that web browsers use for locating files and other remote services.

Web Page A web page is a document created with HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) that is part of a group of hypertext documents or resources available on the World Wide Web. Collectively, these documents and resources form what is known as a website.

Web Portal A web portal is a site that provides a single function via a web page or site. Web portals often function as a point of access to information on the World Wide Web. Portals present information from diverse sources in an unified way.

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

51

More information:

Shishu Prokash

Machizo Multimedia Communication

Shishu Prokash, 1/20; Humayan Road: BlockB, Mohammadpur; Dhaka-1207 Bangladesh

House-35, Flat-D5, Road12A(new) Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1209 Bangladesh

Phone: 9125077, Fax: 880-2-9121627; E- Email: info@shishuprokash,com www.shishuprokash.com

Phone: +88-02-9119846, 01715212204 E.mail: siraj@machizo.com www.machizo,com

_________________________________________________________________________ Training modules prepared by: Shahjahan Siraj/ Machizo for Shishuprokash/ MMC, 2008

52