Captsone I

re-

01

background

LEARN ACTION SOLVE EMPATHY

EMOTION

CONTROL

REDEFINING

TRANSLATE CLARITY RADICAL ART OUTCOME CAPTURE COMPREHEND

EXPERIENCE RETAIL

CONTROL

VAST ORCHESTRATED SCALE PLAY BRANDING CREATE PERCEPTIONS PORTAL GOAL DISCOVERY

SENSORY SPACE

INTERACTIVE FUTURISTIC EDUCATE PARTICIPATE

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EXCITEMENT

THEME-

ACTION - An interactive experience where you learn.

- A place where you can participate with your environment.

- Making a boring topic into something fun.

THEME-

OUTCOMES - Gaining understanding of a new idea.

- Experiencing a concept that you can not experience anywhere else.

KEYWORD MAPPING

This word map is a collection of the keywords I have identiďŹ ed to lead me to a project topic. Using these initial keywords I was able to develop themes and a collection of insights within those themes.

This process helped me to identify what it is that I want to achieve with my project.

- Subconsciously working towards a goal.

THEME-

IMPACT - Collectively making a difference.

- Changing perceptions of a concept or idea.

- Spreading awareness and excitement.

initial ideation 5

INITIAL GOALS

In thinking about a topic for my capstone project, I knew that I wanted to design something educational. I have always had a passion for learning and I seek out experiences to learn new things whenever I can. I am also very passionate about environmental issues. I wanted to come up with a unique way to educate people about a problem. My first step was choosing that issue. Keeping education, experience and activism in mind, began thinking about topics that need more awareness.

This lead me to the ocean. Oceans cover 71% of the Earth’s surface.1 To date, we have explored less than 5% of the ocean.2 Approximately 39% of our nations population lives in a coastal region.3 This means that the other 61% of people do not get to experience the largest part of our planet. As I continued to narrow my focus, I started thinking about a preliminary design question: How might we allow people to experience a place that they can not easily visit?

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I started my ocean research by watching the documentary Mission Blue.4 Oceanographer Sylvia Earle has dedicated her career not only to researching the ocean, but also raising awareness of its many issues stemming from marine pollution.

Global warming is melting the polar ice caps and raising water levels, devastating some costal cities. There are more over 3,500 offshore oil rigs drilling in the Gulf of Mexico alone. In 2010, one of these rigs has the worst oil spill in Marine history. Chemical by-product from the agricultural industry is leeching into our water systems and creating massive dead zones when those systems reach the ocean. Roughly half of our coral reefs are dead and much of the remaining reef is not protected so it will continue to die. Overfishing, ghost fishing and shark finning are threatening populations of sea creatures and disrupting the food chain. And finally, discarded plastic and other trash is collecting in five massive trash gyres all over the world.4

OVER FISHING CORAL REEFS DYING

FOOD CHAIN DAMAGE

OCEANIC ISSUES MAP

PLASTIC AS FISH FOOD

SHARK FINNING OCEAN DUMPING

GHOST FISHING

TRASH GYRES DEAD FISH

POLLUTION GLOBAL WARMING

DEAD ZONES

OIL SPILLS

Once I identified all of the major problems that are going on in the ocean, I put them into a web to show how interconnected they actually are. I found ocean dumping and pollution to be in the center of all of the other issues. About 20% of marine debris in the Pacific Ocean comes from ocean dumping. Boaters, offshore oil rigs and large cargo ships all contribute to this. The remaining debris is trash coming from North America and China.5 All of this information begs the question: How is trash getting into the ocean? What can we do to stop it?

MELTING ICE CAPS

OFFSHORE DRILLING

background 7

Plastic Paradise6 is a great documentary that really goes into detail about all of the plastic in the ocean. It has won awards at film festivals all over the country. Journalist and documentarian Angela Sun explains what the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is, why much of the public is not aware of its existence and why there has not been any change in the plastics industry sparked by these findings.

Plastic was first created by the Germans during WWII as a man made alternative to raw materials that were very expensive at the time. Presently, plastic is the third largest export of the United States and it is our top export to China. In 1927, we were producing 20 million pounds of plastic each year. By 1943 our production was up to 650 million

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pounds per year. Now, we are producing 280 Freedom is a non-profit organization that was million tons (1 ton = 2,000 pounds) per year. founded by the Big Tobacco executives in the 80s.7 They are now receiving money from The plastic industry has become increasingly several unnamed plastic bag manufacturers. political over the years in response to The CCF runs advertising campaigns to efforts to stop the production of plastic. emphasize the consumers right to plastic in an Big Plastic has lobbyists from the industry effort to keep people buying and keep their attempt to stop laws that will ban or limit the products on the market. consumption and production of one time use plastic. Lawyers for the industry even go The Great Pacific Garbage Patch was as far as to sue individuals that are trying to discovered by Charles Moore in 1997. take a stand against plastic.

Researchers on Midway Attol Island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean were finding a lot Sun suggests that the plastic industry and the of trash washed up on the shores. The water strategies that they are using to keep their surrounding the island does not look like it is products on the market have an uncanny full of marine debris. That is because 70% of resemblance to that of the tobacco industry the trash is actually below the surface of the in the 1980s. The Center for Consumer water. A large amount of the trash in this region

is also microplastics, which are not visible to the naked eye. It was not until Moore took a giant net to the water that he discovered that this area was actually a garbage patch. The discovery of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch lead researchers to study oceanic currents and find 4 more trash gyres in the ocean.

Trash gyres occur at the convergence of currents in the ocean. Trash gets sucked into the calm center of these currents and once it is there it can not get out. Trash coming from Asia takes about 1 year to travel the currents and into the garbage patch while trash from North America takes about 6 years.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the largest and most studied of the five garbage patches. It is roughly twice the size of Texas.

This patch in particular is so large because it is actually two garbage patches, the eastern and western, that have been connected by the tropical convergence zone. When warm water meets cooler water from the arctic, it creates a highway that moves debris into these garbage patches.

Angela Sun identified some common misconceptions about the garbage patches in the film. Many believe that these garbage patches are actually islands of trash. Quite literally, at a surface level, there does not appear to be any sort of problem. Many of the people Sun interviewed claimed that the garbage patch must be a myth because if it were real they would have seen pictures of it.

Since most of the trash in the garbage patch

is pieces of microplastic, the consistency of the water in this region is thick and sludgy from the high concentration of plastic. The ocean floor under the garbage patches has never been studied. It is highly likely that the ocean floor is covered in sunken debris.

No country will take responsibility for the garbage patches in the ocean because they are too far off of any countries coast. Charles Moore claims that it would take 67 ships 1 year to clean less than 1% of the ocean. A clean-up effort this massive would bankrupt any country that tried. There is no single solution that will fix this massive problem.

Sun suggests that solving the problem will be a slow process that needs to start with awareness.

literature review 9

The recycling system primarily includes the collection of paper, cardboard, plastic, glass and aluminum.7 Unlike its other recyclable counterparts, plastic is an entirely man made material.6 Plastic can not maintain its structural characteristics as it is recycled in the same way that glass and metal can.

There is a finite number of times that plastic fibers can be recycled.8 The molecular weight of plastic decreases when it is processed so the resulting product is inherently downgraded.9 Once the fibers are too degraded to be processed any further, the plastic becomes an obsolete waste material that will never be able to break down.

When plastic can no longer be recycled, it either ends up in the landfill or it migrates through the water system as pollution and collects in oceanic trash gyres. As plastic travels through the ocean, it breaks down from the sun and the waves. A one liter bottle can break down into enough small fragments to put a piece of plastic on every beach in the world.10 These tiny pieces of plastic are called microplastics.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration defines a microplastic as a fragment of plastic that measures less than 5 millimeters.11 This plastic can become so small that it is not visible to the naked eye.

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There are 1.9 million pieces of micro plastic per square mile of water in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.5 This equates to 2,113 particles of plastic per square inch. This high density of microscopic plastic material is creating a whole slew of problems in the ocean that can have massive repercussions on the oceanic ecosystem and life on land.

Plastic on the surface of the water is preventing algae and zooplankton from getting the nutrients they need to survive.

These organisms are the basis of the food chain. As they die off, food supplies for fish become scarce. These fish often confuse the plastic in the water for the food that they believe should be there.10 Plastics can also act as a chemical sponge, absorbing harmful chemicals everywhere and introducing these chemicals into new ecosystems in the ocean. When sea creatures ingest plastics they are also ingesting a collection of harmful, foreign chemicals.

As plastic breaks down, it leeches a chemical called BPA. BPA was initially developed as a hormonal therapy for women. It was later discovered that when added to plastic, BPA would give the material additional strength.

BPA can be found in 93% of American’s bodies.6

MICROPLASTIC a fragment of plastic measuring smaller than 5mm

releasing BPA and other harmful chemicals

affecting the food chain

killing plankton and algae

The biggest threat that microplastics pose is the fact that we can not see them. Angela Sun found that when she interviewed people about the Great PaciďŹ c Garbage Patch, most did not believe that the issue is not as bad as they have been told, if they were even aware of its existance.6 Seeing really is believing. But even though we can not see these plastics, they are causing serious damage to our oceans.

Collecting microscopic plastic in the middle of the ocean is a near impossible task. In order to take action on this problem, we need to take more preventative measures. If plastic never gets to the ocean, then it does not have to break down in this way.

microplastics 11

Plastic is a widely used material because it is highly durable, malleable and cheap.7 Plastic is actually so durable that it never biodegrades. It does, however, break down through the process of photodegredation.

Each year we are producing massive amounts of new, raw material that will never go away once it once it enters the world.

younger generations typically more inclined to recycle than their older counterparts.

Other developed countries are recycling 2060% of their waste.13 Taiwan is one example of a country that is has a very high recycling rate (60%) due to an innovative recycling system.14 I have detailed their system as a precedent study on page 54.

Plastic companies justify their production by arguing that the plastic is recyclable. But, there are 7 different types of plastic and most recycling facilities do not accept all of them. Labels for theses types are typically embossed onto the bottom of a plastic item. Since only certain types of plastic are regularly recycled, only 5% of the total material produced is eventually recycled.12

Developing countries typically do not have an organized recycling system in place. But, cultural ideas around waste are different in developing society. People make a living off of collecting recyclables and re purposing them to be sold.13 This system is promoting reuse while simultaneously creating work and a source of income for the poor.13

When plastic is not recycled, it either ends up in the landďŹ ll or it migrates through the stream and river system and eventually into the ocean. Approximately 8 million tons of plastic are ending up in the ocean each year. These pieces of plastic, large and small, migrate through a system of currents until they reach one of 5 trash gyres in the middle of the ocean. All of this plastic is getting into the ocean despite efforts to recycle.

The United States contributes 25% of the global, recyclable waste.13 About 34% of US households are participating in recycling.13 These rates are going up every year because

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All of this research lead me to the conclusion that our recycling system is awed. I believe that people do not actually understand the impact of their mass consumption of plastics, and I believe that as a society, we need to change our perceptions of the environmental impact and the potential value in our plastic waste. My personal objective for this project is to channel my passion for this issue into a solution through interior design. No one person can stop trash from getting into the ocean or clean up all of the trash that is already there. I want to come up with a solution that can begin to address this problem while educating people about the existence of the problem in the ďŹ rst place.

PLASTIC IS A MAN MADE MATERIAL THAT DOES NOT BIODEGRADE11

280 MILLION TONS OF PLASTIC ARE PRODUCED EACH YEAR6

5% OF THE PLASTIC THAT IS PRODUCED IS RECYCLED12

8 MILLION TONS OF PLASTIC END UP IN THE OCEAN EACH YEAR15

THE US CONTRIBUTES 25% OF THE WORLDS TRASH13

34% OF US HOUSEHOLDS ARE RECYCLING16

why plastic? 13

In an effort to isolate a design solution to the plastic pollution problem, I took a look at what is presently being done. I identified three main ways to approach the issue: legal action against the Big Plastics industry, clean up efforts and reform to the recycling system.

The plastics industry supports lobbyists who keep bans and restrictions off of their products.6 The only way to get the plastics industry to stop manufacturing excessive plastic products is for consumers to stop buying the product.

Organizations like the Plastic Pollution Coalition are working to eliminate the use of single use, disposable plastic by educating people about the affects of plastic and promoting people to seek alternatives.17 Other organizations like Ocean Conservatory are bringing volunteers together to clean up beaches all over the world. In 25 years, volunteers have removed over 144,606,491 pounds of trash from various beaches.18 These clean up efforts are not only happening in costal cities. American Rivers is an organization that connects people with river clean up efforts all over the US. In 2015 alone, 46,448 volunteers removed 2 million pounds of trash from rivers across the nation.19 In Cincinnati, the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) hosts an annual event for volunteers to come together 14

and pick up trash in the Ohio River.20 I went to the 2016 Ohio River Sweep. My experience and insights from my fellow volunteers are detailed on page 90.

The tactic that I am focusing on is reforming the recycling system. I feel that this is the most applicable for a solution in Cincinnati. A study by the EPA found that 75% of trash is actually recyclable or reusable.21 I believe that this is showing that people do not know what they can and cannot recycle. This is due in part to ignorance and part to different recyclability standards across the nation.

Bottle deposit incentives have been enacted in 10 states across the US. A bottle deposit means that you pay a small tax up front when you purchase a recyclable item. But, when you bring that item back to a recycling center, you will get that money back. These states have all seen a significant increase in material recovery due to the bottle bills.22 Some states are also adopting a taxation premise on plastic bags.23 The idea is that by making people pay more up front they will be discouraged from using plastic bags at.

The fundamental flaw of the recycling system is its inefficiency. Plastic can only be downcycled.

So even if a new item is using recycled content, it will still require a composition of 70% raw material.6

design solution -

BAG BANS

RECYCLING IN TAIWAN

See more on page 48.

See more on page 90.

RECYCLING AS A STANDARD EFFECTIVE EDUCATION

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

BOTTLE DEPOSITS

RECYCLING INCENTIVES

See more on page 34.

CONSUMER KNOWLEDGE OF RECYCLABILITY RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY EFFICIENCY

EXPERIENCE TO PROMPT ACTION

CALL TO ACTION

See more on page 36.

SMALL CONTRIBUTIONS FOR A COLLECTIVE IMPACT

CROWD SOURCING See more on page 38.

RECYCLE MORE PLASTIC TYPES

See more on page 44.

CHANGE PERCEPTIONS OF TRASH

RECOVER MORE MATERIAL

REFIL

See more on page 42.

PROMOTE USING LESS PLASTIC

KEY solution strategy outcomes case studies + trends 15

02 problem

I have identified a series of outcomes that I want my design solution to achieve. These include: recycling as a standard, changing the perceptions of trash, recovering more material, recycling more types of plastic, promoting the use of less plastic, small contributions for a collective impact, experience to prompt action and effective education. My key strategies to achieve these outcomes are the use of recycling incentives, recycling technology efficiency and consumer knowledge of recyclability.

The biggest challenge I am facing with this project is making people care about the issue.

I am seeking to motivate people to want to learn about something that seems mundane on a surface level. In order to make people care, I need to create a ‘cool’ space where people want to learn more because they are enjoying the experience.

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how might we create a new and efďŹ cient way to recycle in which people can learn about the process through active participation?

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The main strategies that I identified to implement in my design solution are recycling incentives, recycling technology efficiency and consumer knowledge of recyclability. I want to create a dual sided approach to the problem that will change the way we think of our trash and change the way that the recycling system operates.

I am proposing RE- an experiential retail space with an emphasis on making and education. RE- is attempting to create a memorable and enjoyable educational experience around recycling.

RE- is a comprehensive system. Collecting recyclable items, reformulating them into filament for 3D printing, facilitating a makers environment and educating about the impact of plastic.

RE- kiosks will be located around Cincinnati for people to drop off their plastic waste to be recycled.

This plastic will then be taken to a recycling center where they are melted down and made into the filament for 3D printing.

rea prefix; used with the meaning “again” or “again and again” to indicate repetition, or with the meaning “back” or “backward” to indicate withdrawal or backward motion

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At the RE- hub, users can 3D print any item that they want. Users can also participate in an interactive manufacturing process to learn more about what happens to plastic in its post consumer life.

The RE- website serves as an open source platform for 3D models. The site also has additional educational content to teach people more about recycling.

The over arching intention of RE- is to minimize the impact of plastic on the environment by stopping the cycle of plastics continually re-entering the recycling system to be downcycled.

KIOSK

RECYCLING CENTER

Kiosks are located around Cincinnati. Kiosks serve as drive up recycling drop off centers. Each kiosk is located near main a main road for the users convenience. Plastic is collected and sent to the RE- recycling center for processing into filament. At these kiosks, recyclers can become RE- members.

When recyclable items are dropped off, a member will collect points. The points directly correlate to the volume of 3D printing filament that can be made from the recycled items the user brought. These points can be redeemed at the RE- hub as credit towards a print.

The recycling center is located just outside of Cincinnati. Plastic that is collected at the recycling kiosks is brought here for sorting and processing.

Instead of melting down plastic and making it into new items that will eventually be recycled again, it is melted down and made into filament for 3D printing.

The filament is brought to the RE- hub makers space to be used for printing projects. The filament is also sold on the RE- website to individual consumers who want to 3D print using recycled material on their personal 3D printer.

HUB

WEBSITE

The Re- hub is a combination of a makers space and experiential retail. Users can come to the hub, choose a model from the virtual gallery and have it printed.

While the print is in progress, users learn about the impact of plastic on our environment and why using this 3D printing technology is more sustainable than the traditional recycling process. Re- members can redeem the points that they have accumulated by recycling at the kiosks to offset the cost of their print.

Pricing is structured as a fixed rate per cubic inch of plastic material + a quantified fee for the print time.

The RE- website hosts the open source 3D model gallery. People from all over can create and share 3D printing models on this platform. This is the same content that is on display in the virtual model gallery in the hub. Members who are designing their own item to be printed can upload their file for just their use. Members can also see how many points they have collected and what models they can redeem them for at the hub. The website will also acts as a supplement to the educational content in the experiential exhibition at the hub.

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program matrix ACTIVITY

DESCRIPTION

SIZE

FF&E

3D PRINTING

5 MIDSIZE,5 LARGE AND 2 EXTRA LARGE PRINTERS AND VIEWING SPACE

1100 sq ft

12 3D PRINTERS

3D MODEL GALLERY

SCREENS FOR USERS TO SELECT THE MODEL THEY WISH TO HAVE PRINTED

550 sq ft

20 STATIONS WITH INTERACTIVE SCREENS

PRINTING POST PRODUCTION

SPACE WITH TABLES FOR USERS TO PAINT, SEAL, ASSEMBLE ETC.

700 sq ft

WORK TABLES

DISPLAY SPACE

SHELVING FOR SAMPLE PROJECTS AND STORAGE FINISHED PRINTS

300 sq ft

SHELVING

IMPACT ANALYSIS

EXPLAINING INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS IMPACT AND THE IMPACT OF RE-

250 sq ft

MONITORS

INTERACTIVE MANUFACTURING

FILAMENT MANUFACTURING (FOR DISPLAY ONLY) FOR USERS TO SEE THE PROCESS

150 sq ft

FILAMENT PRODUCTION MACHINERY

OCEAN EXPERIENCE ROOM

USERS CAN SEE HOW MUCH PLASTIC IS IN THE OCEAN VIA A CHANGE IN SCALE

400 sq ft

LIGHTING TO REPRESENT MICROPLASTIC PARTICLES

WHAT CAN BE RECYCLED?

INTERACTIVE GAME INVOLVING SORTING RECYCLING, TRASH AND COMPOST

550 sq ft

20 STATIONS WITH INTERACTIVE SCREENS

CLASSROOMS

TEACHING PEOPLE HOW TO USE 3D MODELING SOFTWARE

500 sq ft

DESKS AND SCREENS

COMPUTER STATIONS

COMPUTERS LOADED WITH MODELING PROGRAMS

500 sq ft

20 WORKSTATIONS WITH COMPUTERS

COFFEE STAND

COFFEE AND QUICK SNACKS

200 sq ft

ESPRESSO MACHINE AND FOOD DISPLAY CASE

LOUNGE

SEATING FOR RELAXING OR WORKING ON PERSONAL COMPUTERS

650 sq ft

COMMUNITY TABLES AND SOFT SEARING

ENTRY

INTENDED TO EXPLAIN THE PREMISE OF THE FACILITY AND DIRECT PEOPLE

500 sq ft

FRONT DESK

STORAGE

STORING FILAMENT AND POST PRODUCTION MATERIALS

1000 sq ft

SHELVING

POS STATIONS

POINT OF SERVICE STATIONS FOR CHECK OUT

250 sq ft

TRANSACTION COUNTER AND REGISTER

TOTAL 22

7,600 sq ft

+ 30% CIRCULATION = 9,880 sq ft

ACCESS

VIEWS

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

MEMBER

YES

PRINTERS INTEGRATED INTO MILLWORK

PUBLIC

YES

-

MEMBER

NO

POST PRODUCTION PRACTICES MAY DIFFER PER PRINT

PUBLIC

YES

ITEMS ON DISPLAY ARE NOT FOR PURCHASE

MEMBER

YES

CAN BE PARTIALLY INTEGRATED INTO PRINTER MILLWORK

PUBLIC

YES

ADDITIONAL VENTING REQUIRED

PUBLIC

NO

-

PUBLIC

YES

-

MEMBER

NO

OUTLETS FOR CHARGING PERSONAL LAPTOPS

MEMBER

NO

ADDITIONAL VENTING AND AN IT/SERVER ROOM MAY BE REQUIRED

PUBLIC + DELIVERIES

NO

ACCESS FOR RESTOCK DELIVERIES

PUBLIC

NO

INCONSPICUOUS LOCATION TO DISCOURAGE FIRST TIME USERS

PUBLIC

YES

MAY BE A GOOD OPPORTUNITY FOR A DOUBLE HEIGHT SPACE

STAFF + DELIVERIES

NO

BACK OF HOUSE. ACCESS FOR DELIVERIES

MEMBER

YES

-

ADJACENCIES

KEY PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY

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value proposition -

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CUSTOMER JOBS

Customers are interested in learning about recycling and reducing their individual environmental impact.

Customers are looking to create a unique product that will fill their specific needs.

CUSTOMER GAINS

Customers better understand their environmental impact and learn about the process of recycling plastic.

Customers participate in the process of making a custom product using 3D printing technology.

CUSTOMER PAINS

There are not any facilities that allow people to recycle and get something new out of what they recycled.

There are not any facilities that are a one stop shop for selecting a 3D model and getting it printed.

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

A facility to collect recycling and make it into filament for 3D printing and a place to learn about recycling.

A facility allowing users to choose what they would like to be printed from an online gallery and have it made.

GAIN CREATORS

Removing plastic from the cyclical process of downcycling and upcycling it into something new.

Allowing customers access to new technology that typically has been reserved for industry professionals.

PAIN RELIEVERS

Allowing customers to upcycle their own plastic waste and keep it out the downcycling process.

Allowing customers to solve their specific needs by creating a solution customized to them.

ETHICAL ISSUES

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES

One ethical issue that may arise from this project is the open source model gallery. Anyone can upload models to this online platform. This content can be accessed from the model gallery at the RE- facility. People will contribute models to the gallery knowing that they will be open for use by others. Some models may also be purchased for use through the model gallery at RE-.

The process of recycling plastic into ďŹ lament for 3D printing is inherently more sustainable than the traditional process or downcycling plastic into other plastic items that will in turn need to be recycled again. The manufacturing process itself has the same environmental impact as the manufacturing of raw plastic and manufacturing using some portion of recycled content.

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03 users

user profiles -

LOCAL ACTIVIST Sam is an environmentally conscious Cincinnati native. He tries to avoid using plastic but when he does, he is vigilant about reusing and recycling.

Sam brings his recyclables to REbecause the system is more efficient and more sustainable than traditional recycling. He is collecting points that he plans to redeem for an item in the virtual gallery of 3D models.

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TECHY STUDENT

URBAN EXPLORER

Morgan is a student at UC who loves computers. She visited RE- and participated in a workshop about 3D modeling. Using her new skills, she designed a piece of jewelry for herself and went back to RE- to have it printed.

Morgan made more of a conscious effort to recycle after visiting RE- for the first time and now she is collecting items to redeem for a new print.

Parker visits OTR often with his family on the weekends. They stumbled upon RE- one weekend and stopped in to check it out. Parker was thrilled to 3D print a new toy from the 3D model gallery. While it was printing, he learned about plastic and the recycling process.

Parker began collecting recyclables at home and dropping them off with his mom to collect points for another print.

Collects and drops off recycling at a local kiosk

Visits the REmakers space to redeem points

Selects a model from the virtual gallery

Learns about plastic, recycling and the ocean

Picks up finished Continues to model and brings recycle and collect it home more points

Visits RE- for a 3D modeling workshop

Begins collecting and dropping off plastic items

Designs a custom piece of jewelry to be printed

Visits the REmakers space to finish the project

Watches the print Continues to and learns more recycle and collect about the material more points

Walks by the RE- makers space goes inside

Selects a model from the virtual gallery

Learns about plastic, recycling and the ocean

Watches the print Picks up finished Continues to and learns more model and brings recycle and collect about the material it home more points

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MEMBER

NON-MEMBER

RE- has a membership system to allow people to keep track of their personal contribution to the upcycling process.

Members can collect points as they drop off recycling at kiosks around Cincinnati and then redeem those points for a 3D print. Members can also assess how much plastic they have removed from the downcycling process of recycling.

While membership is encouraged, nonmembers are still able to participate in the process. Non-members are typically users that heard about the space from a friend or discovered it while walking by. Prints can be purchased without redeeming any points. The cost is a function of the volume of material used and the amount of print time required.

Other advantages of membership include access to classes and workshops, interactive educational content on the website and the ability to print your own 3D models without uploading them to the model gallery.

At the POS stations, users can create a membership. The intention of the educational content in the space is to motivate people to recycle. When users want to come back to RE- they are incentivized to recycle more.

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04

trends + drivers

trend -

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING Experiential learning is the idea of learning through doing. As our world becomes more digitized and more stimulating, attention spans are getting shorter. Experiential learning is an effective method to capture the attention of students and adults alike in order to teach them something new.

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LABSTER Labster is a technology company that has created a virtual reality science lab for use in schools.24 Students can wear a virtual reality headset or play the game on their personal computer.

Founders Mads T. Bonde and Michael Bodekaer collaborated with a team of videogame designers to create an immersive science lab experience.

They were inspired by the use of ight simulators to practice for real life ying.

This method is advantageous to universities because it is cheaper, safer and more effective. Studies have shown that by comparison to traditional teaching methods, virtual reality increases learning effectiveness by 76%.

When VR is implemented with traditional teaching, learning increases by 101%.

76%

INCREASE IN LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS

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trend -

VIRTUAL REALITY EVOKING EMPATHY

Virtual reality is a 3D simulation of the real world. VR is commonly used in the entertainment sector but it can also be a powerful tool to help people understand a concept. VR has been used to create empathy and spark social and political change all over the world. Artist Chris Milk is using VR to communicate his message.

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CLOUDS OVER SIDRA

The film profiles the life of a young girl in Syria. UN advisor Gabro Arora commissioned Milk on the project as a part of a campaign to highlight vulnerable communities.26 Viewers of the film are immersed in a culture that they could never otherwise understand.

Making these issues more tangible to viewers all over the world has prompted people to take action on the refugee crisis.

“

You feel her humanity in a different way.

You empathize with her in a different way. I think we can change minds with this machine . . . It’s not just a videogame peripheral. It connects humans to other humans in a profound way that I’ve never seen before in any other form of media. It can change peoples perceptions of each other and that’s how I think virtual reality has the potential to change the world.

It’s a machine. But through this machine we become more compassionate. We become more connected. And, ultimately, we become more human.

“

Chris Milk is a filmmaker and artist that works in the third dimension.

He designed a camera that can film a 360 degree view and coupled this technology with virtual reality glasses.

Milk teamed up with the United Nations to use this technology to address the refugee crisis in Syria.25 His short film, ‘Clouds Over Sidra’, was the first ever to be shot in virtual reality.26 The film premiered at The World Economic Forum and at Sundance Film Festivle.27

-Chris Milk25

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trend -

CROWD SOURCING

Crowd sourcing is the concept that many people are working together towards a singular common goal. Duolingo is using the users of its language learning program to translate the internet.28 Wikihouse is an open source architecture platform that is allowing people to collaborate on designs of architecture for social change.

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Luis von Ahn created the widely used software called captcha. A captcha is the form that you fill out when you buy something online to prove that you are not a robot. He wanted to take advantage of the small amounts of time that millions of people are spending filling out these forms. He created ReCaptcha, a similar software that is using manpower to digitize books. Each day, about 100 million words are being digitized by 750 million people.28 Duolingo was the next project by Luis von Ahn. It was conceptualized as a solution to language learning and translating the internet. Computer translation technology is not nearly as effective as a human translator. Duolingo teaches users the basics of a language and uses the idea of crowd sourcing to translate the internet phrase by phrase.

Duolingo can translate Wikipedia into Spanish in 80 hours with 1 million users contributing.28

WikiHouse is an open source architecture platform. The WikiHouse website has a library of 3D models for easy to assemble houses that can be uploaded and downloaded by anyone.

The models on WikiHouse are a series of flat file drawings that can be CNC cut.

Houses are designed to be assembled without any additional hardware. Any necessary tools for construction like a hammer or a ladder can be included in the flat file so that they can be CNC cut as well. It typically takes about one day to assemble a simple structural shell.29 This project works to address issues like affordable housing and disaster relief housing through design. Users from all over the world can collaborate together on a project with the WikiHouse platform.

This brings ideas together from al over the world and allows for more effective design solutions.

39

driver -

MODERN MEDIA

Social media is a new way to bring people together but it is also an effective way to get information out. Medias like facebook, twitter and instagram have become highly effective outlets for news sources to get their information out.

They have also proven to be powerful tools for raising awareness and money for an important cause.

40

STEEPsocial

ICE BUCKET CHALLENGE The Ice Bucket Challenge was a social media craze in the summer of 2014. It was started by a mother whose son was recently diagnosed with ALS at a young age. The premise was to challenge a group of friends to dump a bucket of ice on their head, upload a video online, challenge a new group of friends and donate to the cause.

Roughly 2.5 million videos were uploaded to Facebook from 150 different countries. At the end of this, 125 million dollars had been raised for ALS research. This was a 4,100% increase in donations from the previous year.

These funds went towards researching a cure for ALS. About a year after the challenge started, scientists had a breakthrough in their research and they claim to be on the way to ďŹ nding a cure.30

41

driver -

3D PRINTING

3D printing technology has brought making into the 21st century. This technology is being used across industries and by people of all ages.

Companies like MakerBot31 are making 3D printers that can be used at home and websites like 3D hubs are connecting people with printing facilities and downloadable model ďŹ les.

42

STEEPtechnological

PLASTIC AS FILAMENT Refil32 is a company based out of the Netherlands that has developed technology to make recycled plastic bottles, refrigerator interiors and car dashboards into filament for 3D printing.

This process is re purposing plastic into new, highly adaptable material at 90100% efficiency. This technology serves as a precedent for the recycling center.

43

driver -

JOB CREATION

Recycling can be a very labor intensive industry. Workers are required to sort different types of recyclables. New technologies can offset the work load but the sorting process can be complicated and requires human workers. As we continue to produce more and more raw material, the recycling industry is growing exponentially to keep up.

44

STEEPeconomic

RECYCLING INDUSTRY JOBS Increasing the US recycling rate to 75% by the year 2030 would create 1.1 million new jobs.33 These jobs would be across industries including collecting items, manufacturing new items and reuse.

Jobs in the manufacturing sector can be lost through outsourcing and new machine technology. Recology is a private recycling company in San Francisco that is using the high tech machinery to sort materials. They use a system of magnets and optic sensors to sort materials. They are still requiring a staff of 173 people to aid in the sorting process.14

It is estimated that 15-20 million people worldwide are making a living this way.33 In US cities with recycling incentives, it is common to see people making extra money by collecting litter or recyclable items that have been mistakenly put in the trash. They are able to redeem the deposit for the material even thought they did not pay it up front.

Jobs in the waste management industry are often considered to be unwanted jobs. This is a problem that our society has with perceptions of trash. In more developing countries, trash picking and reuse are highly lucrative industries.

45

driver -

ENVIRONMENTALISTS

An environmentalist is a person that cares about how they personally and our society as a whole is affecting our environment. This concept has been around for years. But, as more research is done about exactly how much humans can and have impacted our planet, more people are starting to adopt the mentality of an environmentalist.

46

STEEPenvironmental

A NEW WAVE OF ACTIVISM Our planet has been around for billions of years. Humans have been here for 200,000 years and civilization as we know it is only about 6,000 years old.34 At the time of the industrial revolution, we had no idea how much of an impact the rapid growth of industry would have. In the past 60 years, we have seen unprecedented changes to our planet and as a society we have become more aware of our environmental impact.35 In the 1960s, activism was a large part of the youth culture. That idea of activism is seeing a resurgence in the millennial generation. This group is now representing 25% of the age eligible voting population.36 The opinions and values of this group are becoming more recognized as they are becoming eligible to participate in politics.

Millennials are much more focused on the environment than their parents generation. A recent poll shows that 76% of millennials consider the environment to be a highly important issues whereas only 24% of their parents share this opinion.37 As more people start caring about the environment, more action is being taken to counteract our impact.

47

driver BAG BANS

Ridding the world of excessive plastic use is not an easy task. Consumer action alone will never entirely stop the use of plastic. Legal action in the form of bans and taxes is the most effective way to stop or limit the use of plastic. But, the plastics industry supports lobbyists who work to keep rules and regulations off of their products. Despite this, many cities have banned plastic bags or taxed them.

48

STEEPpolitical

BAGS IN BANGLADESH Plastic bags designed for a single use are highly unsustainable and they can also be very dangerous. Over 200 cities worldwide have now banned plastic bags.23 There is legislation happening all across the US moving towards a ban or a tax on plastic bags.

Bangladesh has been a world leader in the movement to ban plastic bags ever since bags exacerbated massive ooding in 1989 and 1999. Plastic bags in the streets covered drains and there was no where for all of the excessive water to go. Approximately 80% of the waterlogging in the city was caused by inadequate drainage due to bags blocking the drains.38 Plastic bags are cheap and convenient but they are causing more issues than they are worth.

49

05

case studies

typological case study -

UNDERWATER SCULPTURE PARK

52

This underwater sculpture park is an unconventional art installation by Jason DeCaires Taylor. Taylor creates these sculptures and visitors visit this ‘museum’ by scuba diving. This space creates an experience surrounding art but it has also called attention to issues in the ocean and helped to initiate reforms in the local government to protect the ocean.

There are currently 860 square feet of underwater sculpture park by Jason DeCaires Taylor in the ocean. Taylor uses a PH neutral cement to make the sculptures and leaves the surfaces rough to support the growth of algae and other oceanic plant life. The sculptures are intended to be an extension of the underwater environment.

Taylor claims that creating this museum like space underwater was also intended to call attention to issues in the ocean. Museums are spaces that we regard with a high level of respect. But creating a museum underwater Taylor is asserting that we need to have the same level of respect and promote protection for this important ecosystem.

The sculpture park has helped to offset ecotourism traffic in overstressed natural areas. Visitors have also noticed issues and prompted local governments to act. In the Bahamas, a visitor took a picture of oil on her hands after visiting the sculpture park.

Backlash to the photo online prompted the local government to find and address a leak from a local oil refinery.

The underwater sculpture park is a beautiful work of art but it is also an awareness effort in disguise. I am using this place as a precedent for an unconventional space with one programmatic intention and a different, underlying outcome.39

53

typological case study RECYCLING IN TAIWAN

54

This interesting recycling model is vastly different than that of the US. Here, we try to hide our trash. Garbage trucks attempt to remain out of site. In Taiwan, waste management is much more transparent. Requiring people to sort their waste and pay for what is not recycled makes everyone more aware of their own consumption and their personal environmental impact.

As a country, Taiwan is recycling 60% of their waste.40 The capital city of Taipei is recycling even more at 67%.41 Compared with other countries, Taiwan is a world leader in recycling rates. This is due to the effectiveness of their recycling system. They have by created a unique waste management system in which people are incentivized to recycle or compost as opposed to sending trash directly to the landfill. This is done through a system of musical garbage trucks, pay-asyou-go bags and penalties for not complying with the sorting regulations.41 These reforms to the system began in 1980s when trash in Taipei was taking over the city.14 Landfills in the city were set to reach capacity in the next 6 years, so city leaders realized that they needed to make a change.41 Taiwanese leaders developed a new system that would help keep trash out of the landfill and keep the streets of Taiwan cleaner.

Every night in Taiwan, large yellow garbage trucks travel around the city making various stops. In Taipei, there are over 4,000 truck stop locations.41 The city has an app to let people know when a truck will be near them and the trucks themselves play music to let people know when they have stopped in their neighborhood.

Theses trucks are very different than the typical garbage truck. They are not picking up garbage that people have left out on the street; rather, residents of Taiwan must bring their garbage out to the truck and carefully sort it into a series of bins. Trash is separated into three categories: general refuse, recyclables and kitchen waste.41 Garbage under the general refuse category can only be taken out in government sanctioned blue trash bags.14 These bags range in size and they must be purchased

from the government. The other types of trash do not require a special bag and so they are cheaper to dispose of. This encouragement of alternatives to the landfill is how Taiwan got their recycling rate to be so high.

In this system, the users are the ones doing all of the sorting. People are expected to sort their trash in their own home and place it in the appropriate bin on the trash truck.

Workers are there to help answer questions and make sure that everything is going into the correct bin. If someone fails to sort their materials properly, the government will fine them up to NT$6,000 ($200 US).41 In the US, a San Francisco based company is adopting a similar recycling model to Taiwan. They incentivize recycling by making trash bin service more expensive and they are recycling 90% of what can actually be recycled.14 See more about this on page 44.

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typological case study BUILD-A-BEAR

56

Build a Bear Workshop is an experiential retail store for kids. The premise of the space is that children are able to come in and select the toy that they want and then go through the process to stuff it. Active participation engages the children in the process of making their stuffed animal and creates an impactful memory association with the toy.

Build-a-Bear is a retail space that curates experience for its users. With a target market of children, the space stimulates all of the senses and focuses on user engagement with the product. For children, this means creating a special bond with their bear. The company started in 1997 and they now have more than 400 retail stores across the country. At its peak in 2012, Build-a-Bear grossed 400 million dollars.42 Other companies have attempted to duplicate the concept in the toy industry but have never been as successfull.43

I am drawing inspiration from Build-a-Bear for the makers space retail environment aspect of this project. The idea of an creating immersive and engaging retail space and overlaying it with new and exciting technology is a new spin on the Build-ABear concept. With the over arching goal of reforming the way we think about recycling, creating an experience makes the process fun. This fun experiences is the incentive that I am using to motivate people to recycle.

57

stylistic case study -

CHINA THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS

58

China Through the Looking Glass was fashion exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City in 2015. The exhibit is not only a beautiful display of fashion but also very informative display about the cultural history of China. Users are able to learn by being immersed in this highly stimulating environment.

China Through the Looking Glass is interesting because the exhibition is using fashion as a means of explaining the extensive history of an entire country.

Extrapolating history through an artistic expression makes the understanding of said history into a much more fun experience.

This exhibit uses a high contrast lighting to draw attention to specific areas. There is also a significant overlay of technology to further explain the underlying concepts.

The use of videos in conjunction with other visuals helps to reinforce the expressions of Chinese culture over time.

I am drawing on the idea that an educational experience can be presented in a sophisticated way. Many educational exhibits are commonly found in Childrens Museums. RE- is a space that accommodates users of all ages, so the educational aspect needs to reflect that.

59

technical case study TECH SHOP

60

TechShop is a makers space with multiple locations in the US and internationally. The shop is an environment for entrepreneurs and students alike. By becoming a member, makers will have access to over a million dollars of equipment. The shop also offers classes and workshops to teach people about the potentials of the different machinery available in the space.

TechShop44 is a makers space that is geared towards users that have an existing idea and need an environment to help them facilitate that vision. The program of the space includes a lounge, project rooms, meeting space, ofďŹ ces, open work space, machine rooms and a retail store for purchasing supplies and an open workspace with machines.

RE- differs from the premise of a traditional makers space. I am drawing on the idea of creating an environment that is conducive to making but the space is geared towards an advanced maker and a novice. Unlike the typical makers space, RE- is providing a one-stop-shop retail experience for 3D printing.

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06 context

macro mapping -

This map of Cincinnati at a macro scale shows the locations for the drop-off kiosks and the neighborhood I selected to further analyze for my site selection. In order to determine where to put the kiosks, I looked at some existing locations for recycling drop off centers and what made those facilities convenient. It is best for these centers to be located on a main road or at a main intersection to make them as convenient as possible. Each kiosk will vary in size in relation to the population of the area that is serving.

The ideal neighborhood for the makers space is Over the Rhine. OTR was traditionally a manufacturing area. This history is still present in some parts of the neighborhood. Other parts have new commercial development including retail, restaurants, bars and galleries.

The combination of a manufacturing history and an up and coming retail scene makes OTR the perfect location for RE-.

KEY MAKERS LAB 3D PRINTER OVER THE RHINE KIOSKS 64

65

future trajectory -

I envision RE- as a concept that would be implemented five years from now.

Technology and accessibility of that technology in the 3D field is advancing every day. There are companies making filament out of recycled plastic now. In the next five years this process will get even more efficient and technology to recycle more types of plastic into filament may be developed.

In looking for a site, I considered how the neighborhood might change over the next five years. The implementation of phase one of the Cincinnati street car will change the business climate in the areas surrounding its stops. This will also make more parts of Over the Rhine more accessible to new groups over time. I also looked at the areas that are densely populated with business now. I was then able to postulate which areas may see a surge of development over the course of the next five years.

66

The historic brewery district in Cincinnati is a part of OTR that is growing again.

Many of the original breweries are no longer there but the historic buildings are being re purposed readily.

The areas around Washington Park is highly saturated with business in the retail, food and beverage industries.

This could be a great location for an experiential retail project since potential customers are already going to this area to shop. Patrons to local restaurants and bars would help provide the facility with community exposure. It is also right along the street car line.

The area around Findlay Market seems like it will be the next part of Over the Rhine to see a surge in new business.

Rheingeist Brewery and the Rookwood Pottery warehouse are also located right around here. This area is at the end of the first phase of the street car plan.

KEY OVER THE RHINE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STREET CAR LINE STREET CAR STOP PARKING CURRENT DEVELOPMENT PROJECTED FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

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zoning -

KEY OVER THE RHINE

MANUFACTURING

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL MIXED USE NEIGHBORHOOD MIXED USE COMMERCIAL MIXED USE RESIDENTIAL

The 3D printing that I am proposing can be considered light manufacturing. So, I looked at the zoning of the area to see which parts are conducive to this. Residential areas do not allow manufacturing. Neighborhood Mixed Use and Commercial Mixed Use will allow light manufacturing. Industrial Mixed Use and Industrial areas allow the most manufacturing. These areas are on the outside of OTR and are away from most of the commercial development of the area.

Commercial Mixed Use and Neighborhood Mixed Use are the ideal zones for this facility.

I used the information about existing locations of makers spaces and 3D printers,

68

the future trajectory of Over the Rhine and zoning in this region to inform my site selections. I chose three different sites in different parts of OTR and analyzed how the program can manifests itself differently in each building.

Some other specific attributes I was looking for in a building include proximity to parking, pedestrian traffic on the street, access to the street car, the ability to integrate a drop off kiosk at the street level and a loading dock to accept deliveries from the recycling center.

I considered if potential sites had these qualifications now and if I thought they may have them in the next five years.

SITE OPTION 1 See more on page 72.

3

1

SITE OPTION 2 See more on page 74.

2

SITE OPTION 3 See more on page 76.

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07 site

site option 1 132 E. McMicken

SPATIAL AVAILABILITY / PROGRAM AREA 3D PRINTING 3D MODEL GALLERY PRINTING PRODUCTION DISPLAY SPACE IMPACT ANALYSIS INTERACTIVE MANUFACTURING OCEAN EXPERIENCE ROOM WHAT CAN BE RECYCLED? CLASSROOMS COMPUTER STATIONS COFFEE STAND LOUNGE ENTRY STORAGE POS STATIONS

historic brewery district building, driveway and ally space adjacent, loading dock, large sidewalk, walk-able street

technology industry moving in on this block, open up multilevel spaces on the interior, add skylights to the second level

72

loading dock at main entrance, minimal windows on the ground floor,

S W O T

minimal visibility inside from the street, no parking, dark interior space

This building is located in Cincinnati’s historic brewery district in Over the Rhine. This is one of two buildings connected via and underground tunnel that the Crown Brothers Brewery once operated out of. This industrial warehouse is in the commercial mixed use zone. The building is two floors with 22,000 total sq. ft.

This property is located north of Liberty street.

Presently this street acts as a dividing line between the more pedestrian commercial ares of OTR and less developed parts. This area is also lacking public parking lots.

Then building has windows on the second floor and there could be opportunities to add skylights and penetrate the floor plate to bring light down to the ground floor. Without some

type of architectural intervention to bring in light this space would be much too dark.

There is a large sidewalk that makes the building conducive to street traffic. But, from the sidewalk you can not easily see into the building. For a retail environment, this visibility is really important so that people know that the store is there and know what happens inside.

This space would be highly conducive to the learning sector of the program. But, due to its lack of visibility and the location of the loading dock in the front of the building, it is not ideal for some aspects of making, waiting and support spaces. Including 3D printing, 3D model gallery, display space, coffee stand, lounge, storage and POS.

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site option 2 1218 Race

SPATIAL AVAILABILITY / PROGRAM AREA 3D PRINTING 3D MODEL GALLERY PRINTING PRODUCTION DISPLAY SPACE IMPACT ANALYSIS INTERACTIVE MANUFACTURING OCEAN EXPERIENCE ROOM WHAT CAN BE RECYCLED? CLASSROOMS COMPUTER STATIONS COFFEE STAND LOUNGE ENTRY STORAGE POS STATIONS

across from washington park, conducive to a retail environment, lots of street trafďŹ c, large windows on the front facade, near street car small recycling drop off for pedestrians, attract walk in customers in OTR, area development is currently present

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S W O T

too small for program, loading dock at front facade, low ceilings on the second level, back ally too small for delivery access not enough space for educational aspects of the program, small space feels too cramped

This building is located directly across the street from Washington Park in Over the Rhine.

This area has become highly saturated with new development in recent years. This is a great location for a new retail environment.

The space already has large windows on the front facade and a garage door that could become a drop-off kiosk for pedestrians.

Skylights could be incorporated to bring more light onto the second level. There is also space for an architectural addition to create more space in the building vertically.

The building is in the commercial mixed use zone and can have light manufacturing activity.

At 9,684 sq ft, this building is too small to house the entire program. This area has a lot of retail

but this concept is very different than all of the existing stores. So I believe a 3D printing retail store would be well received here.

But, making the space strictly retail means losing the educational component of the project. The educational space is not only teaching people about recycling and plastic in the ocean but also instilling a passion for the cause in the users that will make them into repeat customers.

The scale of this space would also require fewer, smaller printers. Thus limiting the options for what people can make and 3D printing items that people may end up wanting to get rid of any ways. The point of this space is to create new items that are more permanent.

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site option 3 38 W. McMicken

SPATIAL AVAILABILITY / PROGRAM AREA 3D PRINTING 3D MODEL GALLERY PRINTING PRODUCTION DISPLAY SPACE IMPACT ANALYSIS INTERACTIVE MANUFACTURING OCEAN EXPERIENCE ROOM WHAT CAN BE RECYCLED? CLASSROOMS COMPUTER STATIONS COFFEE STAND LOUNGE ENTRY STORAGE POS STATIONS

industrial warehouse, near street car, large windows at second floor, multiple loading docks, new business in the area

open up facade on the ground floor, large sidewalk conducive to street traffic, parking lot in the back with an ally on the side

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unbalanced facade

S W O T

too large

This building is a 26,640 sq. ft. industrial warehouse in the commercial mixed use zone.

This is in close proximity to the new street car and a lot of businesses in OTR from Findlay Market to Rhiengeist.

There is a large sidewalk, making this street highly conducive to street traffic. The ground floor facade does not have large windows but there is space to open it up for a large display area. The second floor also has large windows looking out to the street.

There are multiple loading docks in the building. One of which is hidden down the side ally so deliveries would not be disruptive to the traffic at the main entrance.

This building is very large but, it fits all of the programmatic elements and there could still be opportunities to open up double height spaces on the interior. The roof is flat and skylights could be added to bring more light into the back of the building.

The scale of this building also leaves space to add more educational program. Using both floors can allow users a choice if they want to learn about the recycling aspect of the facility through activities about plastic and the ocean or if they want to learn about the making side of the facility by learning about 3D modeling.

This building offers the most diverse range of opportunities for the facility and therefore it is the best choice for the project.

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site selection -

CODE REQUIREMENTS IMPORTANT CODES TO CONSIDER: International Building Code International Fire Code Life Safety Code Americans with Disabilities Act MERCANTILE OCCUPANCY GROUP45 : Occupancy Group A-3 130 people max load 60 people / sq ft Egress: Two exits min per story

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79

08 concept

UPCYCLING PERCEPTIONS

82

Upcycling perceptions is about changing the way people think of recycling and making.

The juxtaposition of an old building with a surprisingly renovated interior will mimic the perceptions users have about plastic waste and what it can become. Upcycling perceptions also plays into the idea of experiential education.

Users will perceive a learning environment as an experience with an educational overlay.

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84

EDUCATIONAL SPACE

MAKERS SPACE

The educational space will teach users about plastic, recycling and the ocean by immersing them in an experience related to what they are learning. Users perceptions of space are altered by playing with scale. The use of light, shadow and innovative technology help to transform educational content into an experiential work of art.

The makers space is making innovative technologies more accessible to every user. High visibility is important to this idea of accessibility. The entirety of the upcycling process is on display in this environment. Thus making users better understand the value and potential of a material that they previously thought of as waste.

STORAGE OCEAN EXPERIENCE ROOM For the educational component of this facility to be successful, it is crucial for it to be integrated with the other activities in the space. An open floor plan will help people see what types of spaces are available in the facility. Most users will be visiting to 3D print. Creating a path of travel that forces users to walk through the more educational spaces in order to get to the printing space will increase the likelihood that they participate in the educational aspects as well.

PRINTING PRODUCTION

LOUNGE

COFFEE STAND

3D PRINTING

3D POS MODEL GALLERY DISPLAY SPACE

COMPUTER STATIONS CLASSROOMS

IMPACT ANALYSIS

WHAT CAN BE RECYCLED?

INTERACTIVE MFRNG.

ENTRY

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86

87

09 appendix

insights -

90

I participated in the 2016 Ohio River Sweep.

This is an annual event where a collection of volunteers gather to collect trash from the river bank. I was excited about the opportunity to help prevent plastic from traveling through the river system and eventually ďŹ ltering into the ocean. I saw plastic at various stages of the break down process. It was nice to see an effort being made to clean waste from our water system in a non costal city.

will break down further and potentially end up back where we found it.

But, ultimately, the clean up effort was a disappointment. Not only were volunteers given plastic bags to collect trash, but there was also not an option to recycle any of the plastic that we collected. On one hand, it felt productive to be removing plastic and other trash from the river. But at the same time, we were sending this waste to a landďŹ ll where it

My biggest take away from this experience was that we need more education about plastic and recycling. The organization had a traveling exhibition that was attempting to explain the damaging affects of plastic in the water. But, the organizers of the event did not even think about the fact that we should be recycling the plastic that we collect.

Additionally, the event provided volunteers with gloves that they were instructed to throw away after they ďŹ nished collecting. Plastic water bottles and individually packaged snacks were also provided. At the end of the event, I felt like as a group we actually generated more waste than we collected.

survey -

PUBLIC LIBRARY MAKERS SPACE interview with Edward Bruker

46

The Cincinnati Public Library has a makers space that is open to the public. They have two 3D printers that are available to the public and one additional printer that is available by appointment only. Each week there are approximately 50-80 people that come to the makers space speciďŹ cally for 3D printing. These users are averaging two hours per print job. Some people are printing one project in its entirety, while others are printing multiple parts for one project over the course of multiple trips to the space. Most users that are printing in the public library are using a model that they downloaded online but some are bringing in their own.

THE MANUFACTORY interview with Lee Krieg

47

The Manufactory is a makers space in Cincinnati that provides its members with unlimited access to an array of machinery and tools. This space is catered more towards advanced maker. They do provided educational opportunities. The facility is very large and caters to all types of making. The typical user is going to come to this space already knowing what they want to make and how they want to do it. They have one 3D printer on site. Typically there are ďŹ ve users per week that come in with the intentions of using the 3D printer. Most of these users are bringing in a model that they made themselves to be printed.

UC RPC interview with Colin Klimesh48

The University of Cincinnati has a Rapid Prototyping center in the College of Design, Art, Architecture and Planning. Student 3D printing jobs in the RPC can take anywhere from 8-20 hours. 3D printers are designed to have an integrated venting system. In the RPC, the printers have additional venting.

After having something printed, students will handle post production themselves. More complex models will have support structures built into them. These structures need to be broken or dissolved off after the print is done.

Prints can be painted, coated with resin, or chemicals can be used to soften the surface of the plastic.

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3-

4-

5-

67-

89-

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“What Is a Bottle Bill?” Bottle Bill Resource Guide.

Container Recycling Institute, n.d. Web. 20 May 2016.

“Plasticbaglaws.org.” Plastic Bag Laws. Plasticbaglaws.org,

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25 -

26 -

27 -

28 -

29 -

30 -

n.d. Web. 20 May 2016.

This Virtual Lab Will Revolutionize Science Class. Perf. Michael Bodekaer. TED. TEDxCERN, Oct. 2015. Web. 17 May 2016.

How Virtual Reality Can Create the Ultimate Empathy Machine.

Perf. Chris Milk. TED. TED2015, Mar. 2015. Web. 17 May 2016.

Butcher, Mike. “UN Launches Powerful, First Ever, VR Film following Syrian Refugee Girl.” TechCrunch. N.p., 23 Jan. 2015. Web. 12 July 2016.

“The UN’s First Virtual Reality Documentary Puts You Inside a Syrian Refugee Camp | The Creators Project.” The Creators Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2016.

Massive-scale Online Collaboration.

Perf. Luis Von Ahn. TED. TEDxCMU, Apr. 2011. Web. 17 May 2016.

Architecture for the People by the People. Perf. Alastair Parvin.

TED. Ted2013, Feb. 2013.

Web. 17 May 2016.

Meet the Mom Who Started the Ice Bucket Challenge. Perf.

Nancy Frates. TED. TEDxBOSTON, Oct. 2014.

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Web. 17 May 2016.

“3D Printing Resources and Tools | MakerBot.” MakerBot. MakerBot, n.d. Web. 10 July 2016.

“Refil.” Refil. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 July 2016.

“Zero Waste Creates Jobs.”

Ecocycle.org Mobile. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 July 2016.

“How Long Have Humans Been On Earth? - Universe Today.”

Universe Today. N.p., 19 Jan. 2015. Web. 13 July 2016.

“We’re Destroying the Planet in Ways That Are Even Worse than Global Warming.”

Mother Jones. N.p., n.d.

Web. 13 July 2016.

Fry, Richard. “Millennials Overtake Baby Boomers as America’s Largest Generation.” Pew Research Center RSS. N.p., 25 Apr. 2016. Web. 23 May 2016.

Timm, Jane C. “Millennials: We Care More about the Environment.” Msnbc.com.

NBC News Digital, 22 Mar. 2014. Web. 23 May 2016.

“Bangladesh: World Leader in Banning the Plastic Bag.” Green Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 May 2016.

An Underwater Art Museum,

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44 45 46 47 48 -

Teeming with Life. Perf.

Jason DeCaires Taylor. TED. Mission Blue II, Oct. 2015.

Web. 17 May 2016.

“Recycling Rates Around the World.” Weblog post.

Planet Aid. Planet Aid Inc, 2 Sept. 2015. Web. 11 July 2016.

Chen, Kathy. “Taiwan: The World’s Geniuses of Garbage Disposal.” WSJ. Wall Street Journal, 17 May 2016. Web. 12 July 2016.

“Build-a-Bear Builds a Brand Around the Customer Experience.” TeleTech. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 July 2016.

Rossen, Jake. “12 Furry Facts About Build-A-Bear.” Mental Floss.

Flex Dennis, n.d. Web. 18 July 2016.

“TechShop San Francisco.”

TechShop. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2016.

“Chapter 4101:1-10 Means of Egress.” Lawriter. N.p., n.d.

Web. 24 July 2016.

“Cincinnati Public Library Interview.”

Telephone interview. 13 July 2016.

“Manufactory Interview.” Telephone interview. 13 July 2016.

“UC DAAP RPC Interview.”

Telephone interview. 13 July 2016.

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images -

in order of appearance

Ocean Depth. Digital image. The Odyssey Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <https://www. theodysseyonline.com/lessons-thatbeach-life-can-teach-you>.

Underwater. Digital image. Quotes Gram.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://quotesgram.com/mermaidand-sea-quotes/>.

Plastic Paradise Movie Poster. Digital image. Plastic Paradise Movie.

Plastic Paradise, n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://plasticparadisemovie. com/>.

Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Digital image. National Geographic.

National Geographic, n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http:// nationalgeographic.org/ encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbagepatch/>.

Pollution Awareness Propaganda. Digital image. Gundalow Company.

Gundalow Company, n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.gundalow. org/our-partners-at-from-the-bowseat-announce-their-2015-ocean-

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awareness-sudent-competition/>.

Microplastic. Digital image. Huffington Post. Huffington Post, n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www. huffingtonpost.com/ entry/plastic-garbage-ocean-art_ us_55f2fa28e4b063ecbfa40ece>.

Garbage Iceburg. Digital image. National Geographic. National Geographic, n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http:// nationalgeographic.org/ encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbagepatch/>.

Animals and Marine Debris. Digital image.

One Green Planet. One Green Planet, n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.onegreenplanet.org/ environment/great-pacific-garbagepatch-is-destroying-the-oceans/>.

Underwater. Digital image. Quotes Gram.

N.p., n.d. Web. 20 May 2016. <http://quotesgram.com/mermaidand-sea-quotes/>.

Plastic Bottles. Digital image. Foto Search.

Foto Search Stock Photography, n.d.

Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www. fotosearch.com/CSP323/

k3235723/>.

Man in Glasses Reading Newspaper. Digital image. Can Stock Photo. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http:// www.canstockphoto.com/imagesphotos/man-glasses-readingnewspaper.html>.

Girl Sitting with Laptop. Digital image.

Tag Second. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://tagsecond.com/ tag/elementaessentials>.

Kid on sidewalk. Digital image. Instagram.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.imgrum.net/user/ luisafere/ Kid watching 3D printer. Digital image.

3D Print. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <https://3dprint. com/27743/3d-printing-benefitsschools/>.

Michael Bodekaer Ted Speaker. Digital image. TED. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <https://www.ted.com/ speakers/michael_bodekaer>.

Virtual Science Lab. Digital image. Labster.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <https://www.labster.com/>.

Clouds Over Sidra. Digital image.

TechCrunch. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <https://techcrunch. com/2015/01/23/un-launchespowerful-oculus-virtual-reality-filmfollowing-syrian-refugee-girl/>.

Chris Milk Ted Stage. Digital image. TED. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <https://www.ted.com/talks/chris_ milk_how_virtual_reality_ can_create_the_ultimate_empathy_ machine?language=en>.

Raised Hands. Digital image. New York Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.nytimes. com/2012/04/06/opinion/ interpreting-raised-hands.html?_ r=0>.

Logo. Digital image. Duolingo. N.p., n.d.

Web. 25 July 2016. <https://www. duolingo.com/>.

Logo. Digital image. Wikihouse. N.p., n.d.

Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www. wikihouse.cc/>.

Social Media Keyboard. Digital image.

Insurance Social. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <https://www.

insurancesocial.media/>.

Ice Bucket Challenge. Digital image. San Francisco Local. CBS, n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://sanfrancisco. cbslocal.com/category/sports/ world-cup/feed/>.

3D Printing. Digital image. 3D Printing Industry. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://3dprintingindustry. com/news/universal-pellet-extruder3d-printing-39696/>.

Printing filament process graphic. Digital image. Refil. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.re-filament. com/>.

3D Print. Digital image. 3D Hubs. N.p., n.d.

Web. 25 July 2016. <https:// www.3dhubs.com/>.

Recycling Plant. Digital image. How Stuff Works. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://science.howstuffworks. com/environmental/28794-how-dothey-do-it-recycling-machine-video. htm>.

Collecting Garbage. Digital image. World Crunch. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July

2016. <http://www.worldcrunch. com/eyes-on-the-u.s./in-a-boomingnew-york-meet-the-city-039-s-i nvisible-trash-pickers/povertyrecycling-financial-crisis-canners c5s18212/>.

Trash Picking. Digital image. South China Morning Post. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www. scmp.com/comment/insightopinion/article/1871276/hongkongs-poverty-rate-may-have-fallenhas-peoples-quality>.

Street Poverty. Digital image. Alamy Stock Photos. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.alamy.com/stockphoto/poverty-usa-street.html>.

Tree Hugger. Digital image. True Activist.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.trueactivist.com/ science-proves-hugging-trees-isgood-for-health/>.

Activist. Digital image. Referece. N.p., n.d.

Web. 25 July 2016. <https://www. reference.com/government-politics/ explore/political-parties>.

Plastic Bags. Digital image. Cooler Lifestyle.

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N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <https://coolerlifestyle. com/features/stop-using-plasticbags Trash in India. Digital image. Times of India. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://timesoďŹ ndia. indiatimes.com/home/environment/ pollution/Centre-bans-plastic-bagsbelow-50-microns/ articleshow/51455974.cms>.

Plastic Bag in Drain. Digital image. Brad Lander. New York City Council, n.d.

Web. 25 July 2016. <http:// bradlander.nyc/why-we-need-toreduce-single-use-bags>.

Cancun Diving. Digital image. Underwater Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www. underwatersculpture.com/>.

Sculpture with organic life. Digital image.

Underwater Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http:// www.underwatersculpture.com/>.

Sculpture with head underground. Digital image. Underwater Museum.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016.

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<http://www.underwatersculpture. com/>.

Underwater car. Digital image. Underwater Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www. underwatersculpture.com/>.

Musical Garbage Trucks. Digital image.

Wall Street Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.wsj.com/ articles/taiwan-the-worlds-geniusesof-garbage-disposal-1463519134>.

Recycling in the 80s. Digital image. China Dialogue. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <https://www.chinadialogue. net/article/show/single/en/8908The-Taiwanese-housewives-whosparked-a-recycling-revolution>.

Woman Sorting Recycling. Digital image.

99% Invisible. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://99percentinvisible.org/ episode/separation-anxiety/>.

Group Sorting Recycling. Digital image.

99% Invisible. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://99percentinvisible.org/ episode/separation-anxiety/>.

Build-A-Bear StufďŹ ng. Digital image.

Build-A-Bear. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.buildabear. com/>.

Kid at Build-A-Bear. Digital image. Build-ABear. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.buildabear.com/>.

Kid at Build-A-Bear. Digital image. Build-ABear. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.buildabear.com/>.

Build-A-Bear Process. Digital image.

Build-A-Bear. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.buildabear. com/>.

Digital Wall. Digital image. The Daily Beast.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.thedailybeast.com/ articles/2015/09/06/china-throughthe-looking-glass-is-the-met-s-mostpopular-fashion-show-ever.html>.

Menswear at China Through the Looking Glass. Digital image. The Met. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, n.d.

Web. 25 July 2016.

China inspired dresses at China Through the Looking Glass. Digital image. The Met. The Metropolitan Museum of

Art, n.d. Web. 25 July 2016.

China Through the Looking Glass. Digital image. The Met. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 25 July 2016.

People taking pictures at China Through the Looking Glass. Digital image. The Met. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, n.d. Web. 25 July 2016.

Dresses at China Through the Looking Glass. Digital image. The Met. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, n.d.

Web. 25 July 2016.

White scene at China Through the Looking Glass. Digital image. The Met. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, n.d.

Web. 25 July 2016.

Workshop from above. Digital image.

Makers Space. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://spaces. makerspace.com/>.

TechShop San Francisco Floor Plan. Digital image. TechShop. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.techshop. ws/tssf.html>.

Putra, Jati. Surreal Landscape. Digital image. Ignant. N.p., n.d. Web.

25 July 2016. <http://www.ignant. de/2015/10/21/surreal-landscapeart-by-jati-putra-pratama/>.

Pale. Digital image. Tumblr. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <https://www.tumblr. com/search/pale%20girly>.

Fraser, Chris. One line of light in a room.

Digital image. Chris Fraser. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http:// www.chrisfraserstudio.com/>.

Yoshioka, Tokujin. Spatial Installations.

Digital image. Tokujin Yoshioka Design. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.tokujin.com/ en/>.

Eliasson, Olafur. Nothingness Is Not Nothing at All. Digital image. Olafur Eliasson.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://olafureliasson.net/archive/ exhibition/EXH102413/nothingnessis-not-nothing-at-all>.

Smilde, Berndnaut. ArtiďŹ cial Clouds. Digital image. Wired. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.wired. com/2015/06/berdnaut-smildenimbus/>.

Ozmenoglu, Ardan. Tree Art. Digital image.

Ardan. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://ardanozmenoglu.net/>.

Gormley, Antony. Blind Light. Digital image.

Antony Gormley. N.p., 2007. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www. antonygormley.com/projects/itemview/id/241>.

Aitken, Doug. Installation. Digital image.

Doug Aitken Workshop. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http:// www.dougaitkenworkshop.com/>.

Pope, Cheryl. Involuntary Acts. Digital image. Dorsch Gallery. N.p., n.d.

Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www. dorschgallery.com/blog/post/203/ cheryl-pope-solo-exhibitioninvoluntary-acts-opens-to/>.

Microplastic. Digital image. Plastic Oceans.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://www.plasticoceans.net/>.

Logo. Digital image. The Manufactory.

N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2016. <http://themanufactory.us/>.

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