#4 - Flexibility Literature: Ecology and Flexibility in Urban Civilization by Gregory Bateson, in Steps to an ecology of mind (1972/2000) A ‘high’ civilization shall contain whatever is necessary (…) to maintain the necessary wisdom in the human population and to give physical, aesthetic, and creative satisfaction to people. There shall be a matching between the flexibility of people and that of the civilization. There shall be diversity in the civilization, not only to accommodate the genetic and experimental diversity of persons, but also to provide the flexibility and ‘preadaptation’ necessary for unpredictable change. (Bateson, 1972/2000) Even though Bateson wrote this paper in 1970 it contains a strong prediction of the coming climate changes and a foreseeing of the challenges that planners and architects have to deal with concerning profound ecological matters. Bateson describes the survival of our civilization as closely linked to our understanding of natural processes; We are not outside the ecology for which we plan – we are inevitably a part of it. (…) The new invention gives elbow room or flexibility, but the using up for that flexibility is death. (IBID) When global forces and global economical fluctuations influence even the most remote places, it seems more than ever necessary to build a flexibilit y outside the global consumer econom y - to be resilient to economic alterations – to be prepared for devastating environmental impacts or to foresee future e f fects from expected climate changes. The closer a societ y is related to nature the more awareness and understanding there o ften is towards shifting environmental conditions – such as prediction o f alteration, planning for uncertain futures, adaptation to inevitable changes and improvisation for the unforeseen. The modern man’s turn away from nature (the lost contact or acceptance o f the inevitable in the nature) has a long legacy, and from the Enlightenment it has developed an absolute belie f in man as superior to nature. Any system of nature and culture is in reality based on interaction and dynamic, and it is therefore easy to argue that a planning method that is going to handle such dynamic systems has to be elastic and dynamic too. This in opposition to a linear and hierarchical planning regime, that to a far extent is built up on simplification and limitation. Bateson talks about survival not in resisting change, but in terms of accommodating change. It means that your thinking has to be every bit as fluent and adaptive as the kind of systems you are talking about. In other words you can not apply rigid or dogmatic principals to systems that are themselves fluent, adaptable, changing and always incorporating feedback. (…) It is a way of thinking that mirrors the dynamism of ecological systems themselves. (Allen, 2007) In our concept mosaïc::region (winning entry in the planning / ideas competition Øresundsvisioner 2040 (2008), in collaboration with D&U architects), we worked with challenging a future understanding of the Øresundsregion, Copenhagen/Malmö (www.mosaic-region.com) - the mosaic-metaphor is used as a picture of complexity and ‘of everything that happens’, both on a physical and on a metaphysical level. A mosaic inspired planning must contain a strategy for seeing, finding, and adapting everything that goes on. If one piece of the mosaic is repainted in a new colour, the picture changes, - not much, but the sum of many small pieces changed, eventually gives a totally new picture. The colours of the pieces are depending on political visions, local initiatives (spatial practices) and the collective will in the region. The global society will soon lose the most essential elbow room for existence of a modern civilization in the way we have been accustomed to see it, namely oil and gas. The future planning has to take into account the consequences this will entail. On the background of contemporary global crisis and ecological disorders, planning has to become a continuous, interdisiplinary and integrated process in a search for new answers and systems of flexibility. MH/GL Assignment: define a level of flexibility in your investigation
SLICES THROUGH SPACE – Azrieli School of Architecture & Urbanism, guest studio spring 2012 Magdalena Haggärde & Gisle Løkken – 70°N arkitektur