Biochar soil nematode popul

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Pedosphere 23(1): 98–103, 2013 ISSN 1002-0160/CN 32-1315/P c 2013 Soil Science Society of China Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press

Soil Nematode Response to Biochar Addition in a Chinese Wheat Field∗1 ZHANG Xiao-Ke1 , LI Qi1 , LIANG Wen-Ju1,∗2 , ZHANG Min1 , BAO Xue-Lian1,3 and XIE Zu-Bin2 1 State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164 (China) 2 Jiangsu Biochar Engineering Center, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China)

(Received April 24, 2012; revised November 12, 2012)

ABSTRACT While studies have focused on the use of biochar as soil amendment, little attention has been paid to its effect on soil fauna. The biochar was produced from slow pyrolysis of wheat straw in the present study. Four treatments, no addition (CK) and three rates of biochar addition at 2 400 (B1), 12 000 (B5) and 48 000 kg ha−1 (B20), were investigated to assess the effect of biochar addition to soil on nematode abundance and diversity in a microcosm trial in China. The B5 and B20 application significantly increased the total organic carbon and the C/N ratio. No significant difference in total nematode abundance was found among the treatments. The biochar addition to the soil significantly increased the abundance of fungivores, and decreased that of plant parasites. The diversity of soil nematodes was significantly increased by B1 compared to CK. Nematode trophic groups were more effectively indicative to biochar addition than total abundance. Key Words:

diversity, ecological indices, microcosm trial, nematode community, trophic groups

Citation: Zhang, X. K., Li, Q., Liang, W. J., Zhang, M., Bao, X. L. and Xie, Z. B. 2013. Soil nematode response to biochar addition in a Chinese wheat field. Pedosphere. 23(1): 98–103.

INTRODUCTION Biochar, the high carbon material produced from the slow pyrolysis of biomass, is a kind of new green biofuel. Biochar application to soils is being considered as a means to sequester carbon while concurrently improving soil functions and playing an important role in the global carbon cycle (Forbes et al., 2006). Till date, most studies have focused on the effect of biochar on soil amendment (Steinbeiss et al., 2009; Dias et al., 2010; Gaskin et al., 2010), with little emphasis on its biological effect. Although few studies (Verheijen et al., 2009; Atkinson et al., 2010) have indicated that biochar can promote the activity of micro-organisms, there is little evidence of its effect on soil fauna. Soil biota is important to the functioning of soils and provides many essential ecosystem services. Understanding the interactions between biochar as a soil amendment and soil biota is therefore vital (Verheijen et al., 2009). Soil nematodes are the most numerous mesofauna ∗1 Supported

and occupy all consumer trophic levels within the soil food web (Fu et al., 2000; Biederman and Boutton, 2009). The abundance and diversity of soil nematodes are crucial in determining their contributions to soil processes and assessing ecosystem functions (Yeates et al., 2009). Variations in the occurrence and abundance of different trophic groups of nematodes are often associated with soil management practices, and may indicate changes in the soil food web structure (Freckman and Ettema, 1993). The free-living soil nematode population, which partly controls the microbial biomass through grazing on it, plays a key role in nutrient cycling (Steinberger and Loboda, 1991). There is a paucity of research on the interaction of biochar with soil biota, with the exception of earthworms (Verheijen et al., 2009). Especially, few studies have investigated the effects of biochar addition on soil nematodes (Graber et al., 2011; Lehmann et al., 2011). The processes that influence the energy flow and organic matter within the soil will impinge on bacterial and fungal-based energy channels, which impact at hi-

by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No. 2011CB100504), the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q1-07), and the Bluemoon Foundation, USA. ∗2 Corresponding author. E-mail: liangwj@iae.ac.cn.


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