Final Report (As a Draft) For: 3rd & 4th Training Mission Programs

Final Report For 3rd & 4th Training Mission Programs of: EgyptianFinnish-Project: "Enhancing Development of Water Use Efficient Crops & Production Methods to Dry and Saline Conditions" In collaboration with: "Development of Fodder Resources in SinaiProject", FCRI, ARC, Egypt From 13th of August to 25th of September, 2013

MTT-Agrifood Research Finland By: 1. Ph.D. Student: Deiaaeldin A. M. Ahmed 2. Eng. Eslam Mohamed Eid Abbas (Development of Fodder Resources in Sinai-Project).

FCRD-Forage Crops Research Department FCRI-Field Crops Research Institute ARC- Agricultural Research Center

Supervision: Prof. Dr. Oiva Niemel채inen (MTT-Finland) Prof. Dr. Kari Tiilikkala (MTT-Finland) Dr. Magdy M. Mohamed (ARC-Egypt) Finland; September 25, 2013

Acknowledgments First and foremost, we would like to thank our supervisor of this training mission; Prof. Dr. Oiva Niemel채inen-Project Manager (MTTFinland), Prof. Dr. Kari Tiilikkala (MTT-Finland) and Dr. Magdy M. Mohamed (ARC-Egypt) who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support, guidance and advice. They inspired us greatly to work in this training mission. They willingness to motivate us contributed tremendously to our training mission. We, also, would like to thank them for showing us some example that related to the objective of our training mission.

Besides, we would like to thank the MTT-Agrifood Research Finland for providing us with a good environment and facilities to complete this training mission.

We would, also, like to convey thanks to Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland for giving us, not only, just financial, but also, moral and spiritual support the training mission facilities.

We would wishes to express our love and gratitude to our beloved families in MTT-Agrifood Research Finland; for their understanding and endless love, through the duration of training mission.

We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to our beloved parents for their blessings and friends for their help and wishes for the successful completion of this training mission.

Eslam Mohamed Eid Abbas

Deiaaeldin Ahmed M. Ahmed (2)

ď ś content: Item Introduction Background Training Mission Objectives Financier Training Mission-Program Training Activities Carried Out During The Mission Seed Production Red Clover (Trifolium Pretense L.) Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) Pollinators Forage Crops-Experiments: Nofocgran Field Trail: Finland Maximizing Biomass Production From Nature Management Fields Overview Of Some Forage Crops Maximize Of Forage Production By Producing Silage: OR: Maximize The Forage Production In Excess Of The Animals Farm Needed By Making Silage Practical Program For Silage Bales-Production Familiarizing With Bio-Char Production Process And Use Of Bio-Char (Slow Pyrolysis) Complete Practical Program For 5-Cycles Of Bio-Char Production Process Local Forest Materials-Cycle Barley Straw-Cycle Biogas Process Reject Waste-Cycle Hemp Dry Materials-Cycle Horse Manure-Cycle: References: Vested Places Report Annexes

Page 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 8 9 09-11 11-13 14 15-19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 27-34

ď ś IntroductIon: The main objectives of the training mission are satisfying collaboration between the trainee and the work environment as well as using of advanced technology efficiently. In addition, achieve the psychological satisfaction of the trainee through gaining skills supporting competitive advantages in our areas of specialization.

Based on abovementioned, the immediate beneficiaries of the project are students and young researchers at FCRI which will be trained to use start-of-the art research methods and are exposed to international collaboration. Because of, the ICI activity will enhance the ongoing activities e.g. the project "Development of Fodder

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Resources in Sinai" and strengthen the capacity to tackle the challenges. The themes identified for collaboration topics by FCRI are very relevant for FCRI and it is anticipated that the necessary local resources will be provided for the project.

The whole ARC research establishment will benefit of the increased capacity to actively participate in international collaboration. Through the extension activities of ARC the ultimate beneficiaries will be the small scale farmers and extension personnel working on the sandy and saline regions of Egypt.

Field experiment methodology for seed production of red clover, alfalfa and faba bean is an objective of the training mission and enhancing seed multiplication of produced new cultivars to facilitate fast spread in commercial production thus leading to improve production.

In addition, silage is fermented, high-moisture stored fodder which can be fed to ruminants (cud-chewing animals such as cattle and sheep) or used as a bio-fuel feedstock for anaerobic digesters. It is usually made from grass crops, including maize, sorghum or other cereals, using the entire green plant (not just the grain).

Where, agricultural, industrial and municipal bio-wastes are often insufficiently exploited in North Sinai-Governorate, Egypt despite being a potential feedstock for value-added products with local applications. At the same time, these bio-wastes are caused many problems for human and animal healths and the environment. So, these wastes cussed spreading of Snakes, Scorpions, Rats, Mosquitoes and Flies; especially, Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) which bleed the skin of human and animals in North Sinai-Governorate, Egypt.

Therefore, an objective of the project and the training mission is to develop biotechnological processes for converting three types of biodegradable wastes, i.e. agricultural, industrial and / or municipal bio-wastes into useful bio-products for different applications, e.g. animal feed, fertilizers and bio-fuels. Numerous methods exist for this type of conversion processes. Some of these available methods are quite sophisticated, but, others are simple and could be adapted to the local conditions found in Egypt. In addition, possibility to start production of bio-char and some of pesticides and herbicides-production based local resources, organic material and plant wastes in Egypt, after transporting the mobile machinery and how to utilize the biochar and other products of pyrolysis for agriculture in sandy soil conditions.

Mainly, the sources of agriculture and Indusrial wastes in North SinaiGovernorate are:  Seasonal pruning of trees (especially, Olive, Citrus, Peach and Date Palm).  Vegetable crops-wastes (especially, tomato, muskmelon, and Egg Plants).  Field crops-wastes (especially, Barley, Wheat and Lentil).  Industrial bio-wastes (Wastes of the olive, tomato and date's industries).

Therefore, the objective of our training mission was: learning research methods in studies on enhancing seed multiplication of new cultivars of alfalfa and faba bean to facilitate fast spread in commercial production thus leading to improved production.

In addition to, introduction of bio-char into the research agenda of FCRI, and how to

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produce and utilize it and other products of pyrolysis for agriculture in sandy soil conditions.  BAckground: 1. Activity 3.2: Experiments to improve seed productivity of alfalfa and faba bean.

2. Activity 4.2: Learning bio-char production process.

3. Activity 4.3: Application of bio-char in field experiments.  trAInIng mIssIon oBjectIves: 1. Enhancing seed multiplication of produced new cultivars to facilitate fast spread in commercial production thus leading to improved production.

2. Introduction of bio-char into the research agenda of FCRI; both how to produce it from waste materials or from by-products and how to utilize the biochar and other products of pyrolysis for agriculture in sandy soil conditions.  FInAncIer trAInIng mIssIon-ProgrAm: Egyptian-Finnish-Project:"Enhancing Development of Water Use Efficient Crops & Production Methods to Dry and Saline Conditions"; funded by: Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.  trAInIng ActIvItIes cArrIed out durIng the mIssIon: The training activities carried out during our mission are summarized as follow: Seed Production: A. Red Clover (Trifolium pretense L.): Six varieties of red clover were evaluated under field condition in MTT-Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Forssa, Finland.  Varieties: Six Red Clover Varieties: 1. Saija 2. Betty 3. Swyngve Finnish Varieties 4. Swtorun 5. Ilte 6. Varte Estonia Variety    

No. of Replications: 4-Reps.

Sowing Date: 16.05.2013 Plot Area: 3.00 m x 10.00 m = 30.00 m2 No. of Plots: 6 x 4 = 24 Plots.

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 Traits: 50-heads were sampled / variety / Replication: 1. Heads Weight (gm).

2. No. of Seeds / Head: The collected fifty heads were bulked and threshed in order to evaluate the seed number / head.

3. Seed Yield / Head (gm) 4. Seed Yield / Plot.

5. Total Biomass (Aboveground Phytomas) 6. Harvest Index (%): {(No. 4 / No. 5) x 100} B. Faba Bean: Six varieties of Finnish and Egyptian faba bean were evaluated under field condition in MTT-Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Forssa, Finland.  Varieties: Six faba bean varieties: 1. Kontu.

Finnish Variety 2. Misr-1.

3. Sakha-1.

4. Sakha-2.

Egyptian Varieties 5. Sakha-3.

6. Sakha-4.  No. of Replications: 4-Reps.  Sowing Date: 16.05.2013  Plot Area: 1.50 m x 10.00 m = 15.00 m2  No. of Plots: 6 x 4 = 24 Plots.  Traits: 1. No. of Branches / Plt. 5. Seed Yield / Plot.

2. No. of Pods / Plt. 6. Total Biomass (Aboveground Phytomas) 3. No. of Seeds / Pod. 7. Total Shedding (%): {(No. 2 / No. 4) x 100} 4. No. of Total flowers 8. Harvest Index (%): {(No. 5 / No. 6) x 100}  The abovementioned materials (Six faba bean varieties) will be evaluating in Egypt next winter season (2013-2014).

C. Pollinators: Pollinators 1. Honey Bees: Taxonomy of Honey Bees:  Kingdom: Metazoa  Phylum: Arthropoda  Class: Insecta  Order: Hymenoptera  Family: Apidae  Genus: Apis

Images

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Species: Apis mellifera 2. Bumble Bees: Taxonomy of Bumble Bees:  Kingdom: Metazoa  Phylum: Arthropoda  Class: Insecta  Order: Hymenoptera  Family: Apidae  Genus: Bombus  Species: Bombus spp. 

3. Leaf Cutter Bees: Taxonomy of Leaf Cutter Bees:  Kingdom: Metazoa  Phylum: Arthropoda  Class: Insecta  Order: Hymenoptera  Family: Megachilidae  Genus: Megachile  Species: Megachile spp.

Red clover Flower

Alfalfa Flower

Alfalfa Flower

Alfalfa Flower

 During our Scientific Mission, we studied the effect of Bumble Bees as a pollinators on seed yield of red clover cv. Saija in: MTT-Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Forssa (It is located in the Province of Southern Finland and is Part of the Tavastia Proper Region; 60°48′N 023°29′E).

The obtained results revealed that, the required number of Bumble Bees as a pollinators for high seed yield of red clover-field are 3500 bees / ha., where, 42 bees / 120.00 m2 (2.00 m x 60.00 m)

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For red clover, adding honey bees at a rate of 2.5-10 colonies per hectare is recommended for large fields (Best Management Practices for Pollination in Ontario Crops; www.pollinator.ca/canpolin).

In a cage study; Rao and Stephen (2009) found that, yields with B. vosnesenskii (average = 661 kg ha−1) and honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) (average = 640 kgha−1) were comparable. Yields were lower compared with open pollinated plots (average = 1127 kg ha−1), which was likely due to cage effect, as seed set (# seeds/# florets per seed head) was similar in all three treatments (excluding control).

In respect of the effectiveness of alfalfa flower tripping by four species of bee pollinators, Chastain (2012) found, also, Bumble Bees is more effectiveness pollinators as mentioned in Table (1).

Table (1): Effectiveness of Alfalfa Flower Tripping by Four Species of Bee Pollinators Species Flowers Tripped / Minute Bumble Bees 17 Leaf Cutter Bees 15 Alkali Bees 10 Honey Bees 7 Source: Forage Legume Seed Crops: Pest Control, Pollination and Harvest Practices.

By: Thomas G Chastain. CSS 460/560 Seed Production, Oregon State Univ. (http://cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/system/files/classes/css460560/ForageLegumesPestsPollinationHarvest.pdf).

Forage Crops-Experiments: 1. noFocgrAn FIeld trAIl: FInlAnd Twenty grasses cultivars were evaluated under field condition in MTT-Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Forssa, Finland.  Twenty Grasses Cultivars: 1. FOX

6. TIMOTEL

11. FENRE

16. INDIANA

2. FOGERLIN

7. PERSEUS

12. PERUN

17. FIGGJO

3. MATHILDE

8. KASPER

13. RIIKKA

18. RETU

4. INDICUS

9. FELOPA

14. HYKOR

19. IVAR

5. HOSTYN

10. PICARO

15. BIRGER

20. JARAN

 No. of Replications: 3-Reps.  Sowing Date: 05.08.2011

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 Plot Area: 1.50 m x 10.00 m = 15.00 m2  No. of Plots: 20 x 3 = 60 Plots.  Traits: 1. Forage Fresh Yield.

2. Forage Dry Yield.

3. Dry Matter (%).

2. mAxImIzIng BIomAss ProductIon From nAture mAnAgement FIelds: A. Main Plots: Number of Cuts (Harvest) / Season: A1: One Cut / Season.

A2: Two Cuts in Season B. Sub-plots: Seed Mixture: B1: Galega Orientals (Goat's rue) (pure).

B2: Galega + Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea).

B3: Galega + Timothy (Phleum pretense).

B4: Lucerne, Vicia, Reed Canary Grass-Mixture.

B5: Timothy (80%) + Red Clover (Trifolium pretense); (i.e.:16.00kg/ha + 4.00kg/ha) B6: Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea) pure.

B7: Galega + Reed Canary Grass (Like: B2; but, minerals and N removed in harvest will be returned as fertilizer).  Fertilizer Application at Establishment: 16.00kg P / ha; 50.00kg N /ha for Reed Canary Grass.  No. of Replications: 4-Reps.  Sowing Date: 30.06.2010  Plot Area: 1.50 m x 10.00 m = 15.00 m2  No. of Plots: 2 x 7 x 4 = 56-Plots.  Traits at 2nd cut: 1. Forage Fresh Yield. 2. Percentage of legume crop (from 0.500 gm).

3. Forage Dry Yield.

4. Percentage of grass crop (from 0.500 gm).

5. Dry Matter (%).

6. Percentage of Broad-leaved weeds (from 0.500 gm).

Overview of Some Forage Crops: Forage Crops Images A. Galega (Galega officinalis L.) Kingdom: Plantae Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Papilionoideae Genus: Galega Species: G. officinalis L.

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B. Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) Kingdom: Plantae Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Phleum Species: P. pretense L. C. Perennial Ryegrass (lolium spp.)

Kingdom: Plantae Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfamily: Pooideae Genus: Lolium Species: Lolium spp.

D. Otas (Avena sativa L.) Kingdom: Plantae Order: Cyperales Family: Poaceae Genus: Avena Species: Avena sativa L. E. Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) Kingdom: Plantae Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Festuca Species: F. arundinacea L. F. Meadow fescue (F. pratensis L.) Kingdom: Plantae Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Festuca Species: F. pratensis

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G. Cock's-foot (Dactylis glomerata) Kingdom: Plantae Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Genus: Dactylis Species: Dactylis glomerata

Maximize of Forage Production by Producing Silage: OR: Maximize the Forage Production in Excess of the Animals Farm Needed

by Making Silage: Silage: Silage is grass which has been cut and wilted (dried using mother nature) for a short space of time 1/2 days and, then, is either chopped and stored under plastic covers (Silage Pit) or baled and wrapped in plastic (Silage Bales).

The process of ensilage consists of preserving green forage crops under acidic conditions ensuring they remain in a succulent and appetizing state. Grass is cut and heaped together, where; it respires until all of the oxygen in it is exhausted. Bacteria will then control the process of fermentation silage has to go through, so that, it is in a preserved state. These bacteria which are present on the crop fall into two categories desirable and undesirable. The desirable bacteria are the ones which can convert carbohydrate into lactic acid and are usually of the strains lactobacillus and streptococcus.

They are anaerobic bacteria and they need to be evenly distributed throughout the crop. This is encouraged by chopping of the grass and the rapid consolidation of the exclusion of air. Lactic acid is a strong organic acid and its rapid production in the ensiled grass leads to a low pH and conditions which will inhibit the lactic acid producing bacteria and all other bacteria in addition. This is known as pickling and the pH at which this develops depends on the moisture content of the grass. The wetter the grass is the lower the pH needs to be and the greater amount of lactic acid that needs to be produced. Wet silage of approximately 20% dry matter will require a pH of around 4.0 for the silage to be stable but grass at 30% dry matter will need a pH of 4.6 – 4.8  How Should We Store The Silage?

Traditional storage methods on farms have been silos towers and clamps.

However, bales are now becoming increasingly popular, due to ease of transport and, also, mobility of feeding. Bales are wrapped in polythene material to ensile them and can be of three colors. Black is the most common color, but, white and green are available. White promotes a lower fermentation temperature as it reflects the sun and green is often demanded for its aesthetic impact, particularly, in national parks. Care should be taken when moving bales to avoid punctures as this will start the secondary

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fermentation process with any holes or tears being repaired. Stacks of bales should, also, be routinely inspected for bird and vermin damage and nets should ideally be placed over them.  The Steps of Quality Silage-Production: The quality of silage made will determine animal intakes and their growth or production response. In general, it costs just as much to make a ton of good quality silage as it does to make poor quality silage. There are a number of steps in the silage making process where we can make a big difference in the quality of the end product:  Growth Stage: Whether it is pasture or a crop, there is a ‘right' time to cut that will maximize the quality of silage. With pasture, this is when the seed heads first start to appear. At this stage, the metabolisable energy of the pasture should still be around 10 megajoules (MJ) per kilogram of dry-matter (DM). Leaving the pasture for long time before cutting, will result in a greater quantity of silage, but, the quality of that silage will not have the same growth response in stock as the higher quality product. Forage quality will usually decline by 0.25-0.6 MJ ME/kg DM per week of delay in silage harvest.  Wilting: Forage must be wilted before ensiling to ensure good silage fermentation and to eliminate effluent losses. There are two aims with wilting: A. The first is to wilt the silage to the correct dry-matter, B. The second is to do this as quickly as possible.

The target dry-matter content can vary for different crops but in general it is 30-40% for forage harvested silage (stored in a pit or stack) and 35-50% dry-matter for baled silage.  To Get a Fast Wilt:  Start cutting of a morning as soon as the dew lifts  Follow the mower as soon as possible (within ½ - 1hour) with a tedder.

The aim should be to ensile silage within 24-48 hours of cutting. The longer it takes to wilt silage, the greater the dry-matter and quality losses there will be. The dry-matter of a forage can be tested in the field by the hand squeeze method or it can be dried in a microwave (always include mug of water in the microwave with the sample to stop it from catching on fire).  Storage: Bunkers, Pits and Stacks:

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        

Evenly spread each load to less than 30 cm thick and make sure it is well compacted to reduce the amount of air that is trapped.

Roll slowly to allow the tractor weight to compress the silage.

If the forage is too dry and difficult to compact, alternate with loads of freshly cut or partially wilted forage.

Filling of each storage unit should be completed within 3 days. Cover the silage at the end of each day's filling to reduce quality losses.

Seal the silage as soon as filling and compaction is completed using plastic specifically manufactured for silage making.

Overlap any joins by 50 cm and seal them with silage tape. Alternatively, overlap by 1 metre and lay tyres or sandbags along the joins.

Bury the edges of the plastic in the ground to prevent air from entering.

Weigh the plastic down well, usually done with tyres and/or soil.

Check for and repair any holes in the plastic with silage tape.

 Bales (Individually Wrapped)  Wrap the bales as soon as possible after baling (within 2 hours).  Bales must be tight and of even shape otherwise the plastic does not fit well and air will be trapped in with the bale.  Wrap bales using the 2+2 system, with 50% overlap, ensuring there is a minimum covering of four layers of plastic over the entire bale. Having less than 4 layers over the entire surface of the bale will let air enter and result in mould growth.  Store round bales on the flat surface - the flat surface has the thickest layer of plastic and it is best to have this exposed to the sun and will also reduce damage from sticks and grubs on the ground.

Check for and repair any holes in the plastic with silage tape.

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 During our Scientific Mission; a Complete Practical Program to Make Silage Bales from Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) using white Bales was done in Maaninka (It is located in the Province of Eastern Finland and is Part of the Northern Savonia Region; 63°09.5′N 027°18′E).

Bale Weight: About 0.500 Ton

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Familiarizing with Bio-Char Production Process and Use of Bio-Char (Slow Pyrolysis):  Feed Stock–Description of local resources in North Sinai-Gevernorate, Egypt.  Transporting and logistics of the feedstock or mobile machinery.  Briquetting and other pretreatment technologies (for different types of biomass).  Slow pyrolysis, practical work, process description.  Mobile Retort, Manual and safety use.

Experts

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Feed Stock

Barley Straw

Local Resources Wood

Horse Manure

Mobile Retort

Safety Valve Check

Three Doors

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Pyrolysis

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Products liquids

Gas

Records every 15 min

Bio-Char

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 During our Scientific Mission, a Complete Practical Program for 5-Cycles of Bio-Char Production Process were done in: MTT-Agrifood Research Finland, Jokioinen, Forssa (It is located in the Province of Southern Finland and is Part of the Tavastia Proper Region; 60°48′N 023°29′E).

locAl Forest mAterIAls-cycle:

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BArley strAw-cycle:

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BIogAs Process reject wAste-cycle:

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hemP dry mAterIAls-cycle:

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horse mAnure-cycle:

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 reFerences: 1. Chastain, T. G. (2012): Forage Legume Seed Crops: Pest Control, Pollination and Harvest Practices. CSS 460/560 Seed Production, Oregon State Univ.

2. Rao, S. and W. P. Stephen (2009): Bumble Bee Pollinators in Red Clover Seed Production. Crop Sci.; Vol. (49), No. (6), p. 2207-2214.  vested PlAces: 1. Helsinki: Many times with Prof. Dr. Oiva Niemeläinen and Prof. Dr. Kari Tiilikkala.

2. Forssa Region: Many times with Prof. Dr. Oiva Niemeläinen and Prof. Dr. Kari Tiilikkala.

3. Loimalahdentie: With Prof. Dr. Oiva Niemeläinen.

4. Kuopio Region: With Prof. Dr. Oiva Niemeläinen.

5. Hämeenlinnan: With Prof. Dr. Oiva Niemeläinen.

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 rePort Annexes:

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ENHANCING DEVELOPMENT OF WATER USE EFFICIENT CROPS & PRODUCTION METHODS TO DRY AND SALINE CONDITIONS TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR A SHORT TERM TRAINING MISSION Main Objectives:

Learning research methods in studies on enhancing seed multiplication of new cultivars of alfalfa and faba bean to facilitate fast spread in commercial production thus leading to improved production. In addition, familiarizing with bio-char production process and use of biochar in research experiments.

Time:

A six week training period tentatively from 14.8.-25.9.2013

Place:

MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant production research, Jokioinen

Name:

PhD Student Deiaaeldin Ahmed (Male).

Qualifications:

Researcher and a PhD student from Forage Crops Research Dept., Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, Egypt.

Background:

Activity 3.2. Experiments to improve seed productivity of alfalfa and faba bean.

Activity 4.2. Learning bio-char production process Activity 4.3. Application of bio-char in field experiment.

Field experiment methodology for seed production of alfalfa and faba bean is the main objective of the training mission. In additional objective of the training mission is to learn technological processes for converting the agricultural bio-waste into useful products such as bio-char and how to utilize the bio-char and other products of pyrolysis for agriculture in sandy soil conditions.

Agricultural, industrial and municipal bio-wastes are often insufficiently exploited in Egypt, despite being a potential feedstock for value-added products with local applications. At the same time, these bio-wastes cause problems for health and the environment.

Reporting:

Submit a training report within one month after the training documenting procedures learned during the training mission.

In Jokioinen, August 9th 2013

Oiva Niemel채inen Project Manager

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ENHANCING DEVELOPMENT OF WATER USE EFFICIENT CROPS & PRODUCTION METHODS TO DRY AND SALINE CONDITIONS TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR A SHORT TERM TRAINING MISSION Main Objectives:

Introduction bio-char into the research agenda of FCRI, and how to produce and utilize it and other products of pyrolysis for agriculture in sandy soil conditions. In addition, learning research methodology for enhancing seed multiplication of new cultivars.

Time:

A six week training period tentatively from 14.08. to 25.09.2013

Place:

MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant production research, Jokioinen.

Name:

Engineer Eslam Abbas (Male).

Qualifications:

Eng. Eslam Abbas works as an engineer in the “Development of Fodder Resources in Sinai-Project” at the Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, Egypt.

Background:

Activity 3.2. Experiments to improve seed productivity of alfalfa and faba bean.

Activity 4.2. Learning bio-char production process Activity 4.3. Application of bio-char in field experiment.

Agricultural, industrial and municipal bio-wastes are often insufficiently exploited in Egypt, despite being a potential feedstock for value-added products with local applications. At the same time, these bio-wastes cause many problems for human and animal health and the environment. The objective for the training mission is to learn technological processes for converting the agricultural bio-waste into useful bio-products such as bio-char, and how to utilize the bio-char and other products of pyrolysis for agriculture in sandy soil conditions. In addition, a part of the training mission study field experiment methodology for seed production.

Reporting:

Submit a training report within one month after the training focusing to document capacity improvement issues.

In Jokioinen, 9th of August, 2013

Oiva Niemeläinen Project Manager

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