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ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 4 ì÷Ùñô¢ª 2018 email: help@eenadupratibha.net
VOCABULARY 1. Interrupt = Cause a break in something sÍÙêŸ-ô¦óŸªÙ ÚÛL-TÙ-àŸ-è[Ù-z. eg: He interrupted the show by cutting off the film. Antonym: Continue s-Ú•-ì-þ§-TÙ-àŸ-è[Ù-z. eg: He continued the show for hours together. 2. Latent = Hidden (Not seen - -ÚÛ-Eí‡ÙàŸE). eg: She has latent talent in her, but she never uses it. Antonym: Visible/ evident s-ÚÛ-Eí‡ú£ªhìo-z = Clearly seen. eg: It is evident that he does not want to help me. 3. Denounce = Blame s-EÙ-CÙ-àŸ-è[Ù-z. eg: The Chief Minister denounced the opposition party’s criticism of the government. Antonym: Praise s-ð»-Þœ-è[-åÙ-z. eg: He praised the attempts of the candidate to succeed in the interview.
÷ªìú£ª ÷«ô¢ªaÚÁÚÛð¼ê¶ ÑÙè¯L would! NCÅÞ¥, ò°ëÅ]uêŸÞ¥, Í÷ú£ô¢ÙÞ¥ à¶óŸ«Lqì í£ìªõìª êμõí£è¯EÚ¨ ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Should Ñí£óμ«Tþ§hô¢ª. Would ÷ªìÙ ÷ªìú£ªö˺ ÒÙàŸªÚÛªû¶ òÅ°î¦õìª êμõí£è¯EÚ¨ êÁè[pè[ªêŸªÙC. ÍÙê¶Ú¥ë]ª ÷ªìú£ª ÷«ô¢ªaÚÁÚÛªÙè¯ ÑÙè[æ°Eo would êÁû¶ àμð§pL. Would òÅ¡«êŸÚ¥õÙ ìªÙ# òÅ¡Nù£uêÂìª ú£«#þ§hô³. to have a very good knowledge of medicine. Antonym: Honest s-E-â°-óŸªB ÚÛL-T-ì-z. eg: She is honest as a doctor and helps a number of patients and does not charge much.
4. Mundane = Worldly s-vð§-í£Ù-#-ÚÛ-îμªi-ì-z. eg: Mahatma Gandhi was against mundane comforts and led a very simple life. Antonym: Unworldly/ Religious s-Õ--ÚÛ-îμªiì Nù£-óŸ«õª í£æ¨dÙ-àŸª-ÚÛª-û¶z-. eg: Ramakrishna Paramahamsa was very religious and taught Swamy Vivekananada.
6. Recall = Remember s-Þœªô¢ªh êμàŸªa-ÚÁ-÷-è[Ù-z. eg: He has the ability to recall the incidents that took place twenty years ago. Antonym: Forget s-÷ª-ô¢-#-ð¼-÷-è[Ù-z. eg: Her old age makes her forget what happens half an hour ago.
5. Quack = Impostor s-Í-ñ-ë¯ÌÄõª àμí‡p îμ«ú£-TÙ-à¶î¦-üŒ‰x-z. eg: Though he is a quack, he claims
7. Sardonic = Severe/ Harsh s-B-v÷-îμªiì/- ÚÛJÈ-ì-îμªi-ìz eg: Her sardonic laughter irritated me.
We have seen the uses of shall and will in the last lesson. Now we are going to discuss ‘Should’ and ‘Would’. ‘Should’ and ‘would’ are the past forms of shall and will, that is, ‘should’ is the past form of ‘shall’ and ‘would’ is the past form of will. (‘Should’ and ‘would’ ìª ‘shall’ and ‘will’ ÚÛª òÅ¡«êŸ-Ú¥-ö°-õªÞ¥
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now (duty, obligation and necessity –
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ÚÛ«è¯, NCÅ, ò°ëÅ]uêŸ, Í÷-ú£ô¢Ù.z ‘Would’ as we have seen already, indicates future from the past. (ÍÙ-ê¶-Ú¥-ÚÛªÙè¯ ‘would’ òÅ¡«êŸ-Ú¥õÙ ìªÙ# òÅ¡N-ù£u-êÂìª ú£«#ú£ªhÙC.z ‘Would’ has a number of other uses too (would ÚÛª ÏêŸô¢ Ñí£-óμ«-Þ¥õª ÚÛ«è¯ Ñû¦o-ô³-): 1) ‘Would’ indicates the result of an event that we imagine: eg: a) He would look better with shorter hair s-Í-êŸè[ª ð»æ¨d î μÙvåª-
Ñû¦oô³.z Ð Ú¨Ùë] àŸ«è[Ùè….-
Oª ví£øŒoõª í£Ùð§Lqì #ô¢ªû¦÷« þ¼pÚÛû ÏÙTxùÃ, ví£AòÅ¡ èËμúÃ\ Ðû¦è[ª Ú¥ô¦uõóŸªÙ, ô¦îμ«@ íƇöËÀt ú‡æ©, Íû¦âËÀí£²ôÂ, ô¢ÙÞ¥·ôè…“ >ö°x. email: english@eenadupratibha.net
8. Restrict = Control the freedom of a person s-E-óŸªÙ-vAÙ-àŸ-è[Ù-z eg: Having committed a crime, he is restricted to the walls of the
H Sir, please explain the following.
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Should = must = have to (I, we, you and theyêÁ – should ÍÙç˶ ÚÛ#a-êŸÙÞ¥ à¶óŸ«Lq ÑÙåªÙCz, and should = has to (with he, she and it). Look at the following: We should start now = We must start now = We have to start now. (Duty, obligation and necessity – -NCÅ, ò°ëÅ]uêŸ, Í÷-ú£-ô¢Ù-). Similarly, He/ she/ it (the bus) should start now = It must start now = It has to start
Antonym: Pleasant s-Î-x-ë]-ÚÛ-ô¢-îμªi-ìz-. eg: He always has a pleasant smile on his face and never is angry.
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GRAMMAR & USAGE
Look at the following: a) He said that he would help me. ‘Said’ here is the past tense, so ‘would’ is used instead of ‘will’. (Ð î¦ÚÛuÙö˺ said, say Ú¨ past tense ÚÛë¯. ÍÙ-ë]ª-ÚÛE, will ñë]ªõª would î¦è[ê¦Ù.z Similarly, look at this sentence: She said that she should go home. Here again, should indicates future from the past sÏ-ÚÛ\è[ ÚÛ«è¯, should, shall Ú¨ past tense). However, ‘should’ has other uses too sÍ-ô³ê¶ should Ú¨ ÏÙÚ¥ ÏêŸô¢ Ñí£-óμ«-Þ¥õª ÚÛ«è¯
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ÚÛ-õêÁ ÍÙë]ÙÞ¥ ÚÛE-í‡-þ§hè[ª.z b) If you went to see him, he would be delighted (This may not happen – ìª-÷y-êŸ-
è…E àŸ«è[-æ°-EÚ¨ î μü™h ÍêŸè[ª ú£ÙêÁ-ù‡-þ§h-è[ª-z 2) Would = So that not s-Ô-ëμjû¦ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ ÑÙè˶Ùë]ª-ÚÛª-z. eg: She would leave for her moth-
er’s home as soon as her husband left for office -sòÅ¡ô¢h office ÚÛª î μüŒx-Þ¥û¶, Îîμª êŸì í£±æ¨dÙ-
æ¨Ú¨ î μüŒ‰hÙ-Cz-. 3) Would = Used to show that somebody is not willing to do something -sÖÚÛ ÷uÚ¨h êŸì
÷ªì-ú£ªìª ÷«ô¢ªa-ÚÁ-ÚÛªÙè¯ ÑÙè[æ°Eo ÚÛ«è¯
‘would’ ú£«#-ú£ªhÙ-C-z. eg: He would not change his mind, though he knew it was wrong. s-ÍC ÍêŸ-è…Ú¨ êŸí£pE êμL-
ú‡û¦ êŸì ÷ªì-ú£ªìª ÷«ô¢ªa-ÚÁ-è[ª-z More uses of ‘would’ in the next lesson.
1) Sarcasm A: Ridicule s¸ÞL à¶óŸª-è[Ù-z 2) Irony/ironic A: Irony = Using a word to convey the opposite meaning. eg: You have really a good memory! (= You don’t have a good memory) Ironic = conveying the opposite meaning. eg: You are really very clever ( = you are a fool) H Please, translate the following. i) -îμ³-ìo-û¶Þ¥ û¶ìª ÷à¦a-ìª-! A: I came just the day before yesterday. ii) -Ô-ëμjê¶ ÍCA: Whatever happens happens. H Dear sir, would you please explain the placement of adverbs in a sentence briefly.
Kavi Pavankumar A: He walks very slowly as if he were an old man – Usually the adverb is placed at the end of the sentence. He runs very fast. Here ‘very’ is an adverb. Always remember – the adverb is placed at the end of the sentence always. H Sir, I have lot of confusion on usage and meaning of "Therefore, Thus & Hence". Please explain with examples.
Veerendra A: Therefore = Hence / So. eg: He came here just yesterday. Therefore / Hence he does not know what has happened here.
prison and is never let out. Antonym: Free s-N-÷³Ú¨h ð»Ùë]-è[Ù-z. eg: He is free to move anywhere because he has no restrictions. 9. Tepid = Lukewarm s-ÞÁ-ô¢ª-î μ-àŸa-æ¨-z. eg: He washed the wounds on the body of his wife with tepid water. Antonym: Boiling s-÷ ª-ú£-õª-꟪-ìo-z. eg: He poured boiling water on the enemy’s face. 10. Unique = Unequalled/ Only one of its type s-Ô-·Új-ÚÛ-z. eg: Gandhi was unique as he never uttered a lie. Antonym: Ordinary s-þ§-÷«-ìu-îμªi-ì-z. eg: He is quite an ordinary man and has the feelings of an ordinary person. Writer M. Suresan
Thus = In this way. eg: There is none that can beat him in the game. Thus he is far superior to others. H Sir, resemble, likeness, similarity, identical are these giving same meaning?
Nitya A: Resemble = likeness = similarity = Having almost the same features. Identical = Exactly similar. H Let's have a bite ÍÙç˶ Íô¢–Ù ÔNªæ¨? A: Let’s have a bite = Let us eat something. H What is the meaning for the following? Please explain with examples.
Kumar a) Not so bad and not bad? A: Not so bad = Not such a bad thing. Not bad = Very good. b) A close shave A: A close shave = a narrow escape. c) Tongue in cheek A: Tongue in the cheek = Speaking in a funny manner. H No matter, all the better - what is the meaning of these? Please explain with examples.
Rupa, Rani, K.Samudram A: No matter = Not so important. eg: No matter what he says, I do not care. All the better = Better than other things / people. eg: This is all the better than the other ideas. H Took it amiss ÍÙç˶ Íô¢–Ù ÔNªæ¨? A: Took it amiss – the clause is, take it amiss = misunderstand.
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