Education 11 09 2017

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ÝùÐ]l$ÐéÆý‡… 11-9-2017

çܵÆý‡®Ä¶æ* Ð]lÆý‡®™ól ѧýlÅ

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f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü: h.MðS. A…yŠæ MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœÆŠæÞ C…rÈÃyìlÄñæ$sŒæ: Ð]l*Å£ŠæÞ

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Ò$ çÜË-àË$, çÜ…§ól-àË$ ç³…´ë-ÍÞ¯]l D&Ððl$Ƈ¬ÌŒ sakshieducation@gmail.com

§ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ^ólÔ>Æ>? ĶæÊï³GïÜÞ.. òܵçÙÍ‹Üt BïœçÜÆŠ‡, GMýS¯]lÑ$MŠS BïœçÜÆŠ‡, þ°Ä¶æ$ÆŠ‡ C…rÆŠ‡{ò³rÆŠ‡ ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ 41 ´ùçÜ$tËMýS$ _Ð]lÇ ™ól©: òÜò³t…ºÆŠ‡ 14 »ñæ…VýSâ¶æ*Æý‡$ÌZ° íßæ…§ýl$Ý릯lŒ HÆø¯ésìæMŠSÞ ÍÑ$sñæyŠlMýS$ ^ðl…¨¯]l Ððl$yìlMýSÌŒæ A…yŠl òßæÌŒæ¢ Ä¶æÊ°sŒæÌZ Ýët‹œ ¯]lÆŠ‡Þ ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ 13 ´ùçÜ$tËMýS$ _Ð]lÇ ™ól©: òÜò³t…ºÆŠ‡ 14

CURRENT AFFAIRS- ANALYSIS ORGANIC TEXTILE DYEING Context ✩ Kerala University identifies 12 indigenous plants capable of giving colour to cotton and silk textiles.

The technology will be of great value in the development of ecofriendly and safe clothing.

What is Organic Dyeing? ✩ Natural Dyes are dyes and colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals, the majority of natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant resources – roots, berries, bark, leaves and wood and other biological sources such as Fungi and Lichens.

Advantages of Organic Dyeing Minimal Environment Impact ✩ As they come from natural sources, natural dyes are not harmful to the environment, which makes it so appealing for consumers, natural dyes are biodegradable and disposing them don’t cause pollution.

Renewable ✩ Natural dyes are obtained from renewable sources that can be harnessed without imposing harm to the environment.

Color payoff ✩ If one opt soft hue or soothing shade, natural dyes can help you achieve that look.

Safe: Some natural dyes, such as Carmine found in lipsticks, will not cause harm or health problems when ingested.

Disadvantages of Natural Dyes (Challenges): Cost ✩ 1 pound of Cotton requires 230 grams of natural dyes. Therefore Natural dyes is more expensive than synthetic dyes.

Color-payoff ✩ Color payoff from Natural dyes to tend to fade quickly.

Moreover, quality may not be as consistent as what synthetic dyes can deliver.

Availability ✩ It can be difficult to produce because the availability of raw materials can vary from season to season, place and species whereas synthetic dyes can be produced in laboratories all year.

Sustainability ✩ Natural dye sources are renewable, sustainability can still be an issue for natural dyes because producing them require vast areas of land.

What are indigenous dyes in India? ✩ The indigenous vegetable dyes of India are very popular. ✩ Colors are extracted from the vegetable like beetroot etc., they are preferred for their durability and effect. ✩ They are available only in a crude form, and it is necessary to extract dyes from the waste products and put them in the market ready for use by the dyers. ✩

GEOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Context ✩ The stories tell efforts need to be taken to safeguard our geological heritage.

Geological heritage ✩ A natural area or structure that is recognized as an International importance and deserves protection is considered as Geological heritage. ✩ These sites are designated by Geological Survey of India.

Geological Diversity ✩ Rocks, minerals, fossils and landscapes that are evolved over billions of years ago.

What happening ✩ Apart from marble, the stone production industry, export of what is collectively called Granite - the term encompasses diverse suites of

COMPETITIVE GUIDANCE

metamorphic and igneous rocks – fetches billions in foreign exchange. ✩ India’s topography and Geological heritage stand to be last forever if the digging of natural resources takes place. ✩ Wasting of minerals and other resources will lead to the destroy of Geological heritage. ✩ Geological diversity includes rocks, minerals, fossils and landscapes which should be considered as our non-cultural heritage. ✩ Geological conservation is an ignored subject in the country. ✩ Geological features that should be declared as national assets include bodies of unusual rock types, landforms that preserve records of natural events of the past, significant fossil localities, stratigraphic type sections, areas where significant advances in geology have been made, and deposits of particular minerals. ✩ Geological sections in the regions are lost forever due to construction of highways and real estate development.

Precautions ✩ Educational outreach programmes about these treasures need to be organised for officials and politicians.

Practical mechanisms is to be involved to ensure that our geological heritage survives with long terms. ✩ Geo conservation should be a major factor in land use planning and a stringent legal framework.

Conclusion ✩ Our history does not begin at Harappa and Mohenjodaro, it goes back a billion years. ✩

GEOLOGICAL STRESSES in INDIAN OCEAN Context ✩ Geological stresses building along the Indo-Australian tectonic plate boundary in the southern ocean have the potential to cause a powerful Earthquake as per the studies. ✩ It might trigger a Tsunami across much of South India. ✩ The studies said the diffuse of deformation zone between Indian and Australian tectonic plates is capable of generating Earthquakes up to a magnitude of 8.

Geological stresses ✩ Stress is the force applied to an object per unit area. ✩ Geological stresses causes Tsunami, Earthquakes. ✩ Tsunami happens when earthquakes, landslides and

Æý‡MýS¢¯éâê˯]l$ BÆøVýSÅ…V> E…^ól ÑrÑ$¯Œæ? ➦ ➦ ➦ ➦ ➦ ➦

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ÑrÑ$¯]lϯ]l$ Ððl¬rtÐðl¬§ýlr 眅MŠæ MýS¯]l$Vö¯é²yýl$. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯]l$Ï Æð‡…yýl$ Æý‡M>Ë$ AÑ..

1. MöÐ]l#ÓÌZ MýSÇVóS ÑrÑ$¯]l$Ï 2. ±sìæÌZ MýSÇVóS ÑrÑ$¯]l$Ï ➦ G, yìl, C, MðS ÑrÑ$¯]l$Ï MöÐ]l#ÓÌZ MýSÆý‡$VýS$ ™éƇ¬. CÑ M>ÌôæĶæ$…ÌZ °ËÓ E…sêƇ¬. ➦ ±sìæÌZ MýSÇVóS ¼, Ü í ÑrÑ$¯]l$Ï §ólß ç æ…ÌZ °ËÓ E…yýlÐ]l#. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ G Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$…& Æð‡sìæ¯éÌŒæ. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ GMýS$ E¯]l² Ð]l$Æø õ³Æý‡$ Ķæ*…sîæ hÆ>¸ë¢ÍÃMŠæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ G MýS…sìæÌZ E…yól Æöyéí³Þ¯Œæ A¯ól Ð]lÆý‡~MýS 糧éÆ>¦°² çÜ…ÔóæÏçÙ×æ ^ólĶæ$yé°MìS ™øyýlµyýl$™èl$…¨. ➦ Ððl¬MýSPÌZÏ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ A.. beta MðSÆøsì毌æ Æý‡*ç³…ÌZ Ë¿¶æÅÐ]l$Ð]l#™èl$…¨. ➦ M>ÌôæĶæ$… beta MðSÆøsì毌æ¯]l$ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ AV> Ð]l*Æý‡$çÜ$¢…¨. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ A A«¨MýS…V> ËÀ…^ól Ððl¬MýSPË$..

BMýS$MýS*Æý‡Ë$, »Ÿ´ëµÆ‡¬, Ð]l*Ñ$yìl, Ð]l¬¯]lVýS, G{Æý‡VýS$Ð]l$Ãyìl. ➦ f…™èl$Ð]l#Ë §éÓÆ> ÑrÑ$¯Œæ A A«¨MýS…V> ËÀ…^ólÑ & ´ëË$, VýS$yýl$Ï, Ð]l*…çÜ…, ÍÐ]lÆŠæ. Ð]l¬QÅ…V> ÚëÆŠæP ÍÐ]lÆŠæ BƇ¬ÌŒæ, M>yŠæ ÍÐ]lÆŠæ BƇ¬ÌŒæ. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ A ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ Ð]l^óla ÐéÅ«§ýl$Ë$: & Æó‡`MýSsìæ (O¯ðlM>ttÌZí³Ä¶æ*) & hÆ>¸ë¢ÍÃĶæ* (´÷yìlMýS¯]l$²), Keratomalacia ➦ Æó‡`MýSsìæ: ©° Ð]lËÏ M>…† ™èlMýS$PÐ]lV> E¯]l²ç³#µyýl$ çÜÇV>Y MýS°í³…^èl§ýl$. ➦ hÆ>¸ë¢ÍÃĶæ*: MýS…sìæÌZ MýS±²sìæ° {çÜÑ…^ól Ìê{MìSÐ]l$ÌŒææ{VýS…£ýl$Ë$ G…yìl´ù™éƇ¬. çœÍ™èl…V> MýS¯]l$VýS$yýl$Ï ´÷yìlV> Ð]l*Æý‡™éƇ¬. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ A Gí³¥ÍĶæ$ÌŒæ MýS×ê˯]l$ BÆøVýSÅ…

V> E…^èl$™èl$…¨. A…§ýl$Ð]lÌôæÏ õœ‹Ü {MîSÐ]l¬ÌZÏ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ A¯]l$ MýS*yé MýSË$ç³#™éÆý‡$. ➦

ÑrÑ$¯Œæ A ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ ^èlÆý‡Ã… VýSÆý‡$MýS$V> Ð]l*Æý‡$™èl$…¨. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ A ÌZç³… {ç³™èl$Å™èlµ†¢ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦOò³ MýS*yé {糿êÐ]l… ^èl*ç³#™èl$…¨. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ yìl Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$…& M>ÎÞòœÆ>ÌŒæ ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ yìl ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ Ð]l^óla ÐéÅ«§ýl$Ë$: 1. ÇMðSsŒæÞ (GMýS$PÐ]lV> _¯]l² í³ËÏÌZÏ).

2. BíÜtÄñæ* Ð]l$ÌôæíÜĶæ* (GMýS$PÐ]lV> Ķæ¬Ð]l¡, Ķæ¬Ð]lMýS$ÌZÏ).

3. BíÜtÄñæ*ﳰĶæ* (Ð]l–§ýl$®ÌZÏ MýS…yýlÆ>Ë$, GÐ]l¬MýSË$ ºËïßæ¯]lç³yýlr…). ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ yìl A«¨MýS…V> E…yól BàÆý‡ 糧éÆ>¦Ë$: ÝëÆð‡•t¯Œæ ^ólç³Ë$, ´ëË$, VýS$yýl$Ï, M>yŠæÍÐ]lÆŠæ BƇ¬ÌŒæ, r*ůé ^ólç³Ë$, ç³#rt Vöyýl$VýS$Ë$. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ C Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$…-&sZMøòœÆ>ÌŒæ. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ E¯]l$ ÕÔ¶æ$ f¯]l¯]l M>Æý‡MýS… A…sêÆý‡$. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ E-&^èlÆý‡Ã… Ð]l¬yýl™èlË$ ç³yýlMýS$…yé M>´ëyýl$™èl$…¨. {MîSyé ÝëÐ]l$Æ>¦Å°² ò³…^èl$™èl$…¨. ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ C ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ Ð]l^óla çÜÐ]l$çÜÅË$ 1. Ð]l$VýSÐéÇÌZ Ð]l…«§ýlÅ™èlÓ… MýSÍW, Ô¶æ${MýS MýS×êË E™éµ§ýl¯]l fÆý‡VýS§ýl$.

2. ByýlÐéÇÌZ VýSÆý‡Â{ÝëÐéË$ fÆý‡$VýS$™éƇ¬. ➦

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ÑrÑ$¯Œæ E A«¨MýS…V> ËÀ…^ól BàÆý‡ 糧éÆ>¦Ë$: »ê§ýl…, ¯]l$Ð]l#ÓË$, VýS$Ð]l$Ãyìl M>Ķæ$ W…fË$, {´÷§ýl$ª†Æý‡$VýS$yýl$ W…fË$, ÐólÆý‡$Ô¶æ¯]lVýS, AÐ]lM>yø. ÑrÑ$¯Œæ MðS: Æý‡MýS¢… ™èlÓÆý‡V> VýSyýlzMýSrtyé°MìS Eç³Äñæ*VýSç³yýl$™èl$…¨. D ÑrÑ$¯Œæ¯]l$ Ô¶æç܈ _MìS™èlÞMýS$ Ð]l¬…§ýl$ ÆøVýS$ËMýS$ CÝë¢Æý‡$. ÑrÑ$¯Œæ MðS ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ Æý‡MýS¢… VýSyýlzMýSrt§ýl$. §é…™ø A«¨MýS Æý‡MýS¢{ÝëÐ]l… fÆý‡$VýS$™èl$…¨. ÑrÑ$¯Œæ MðS Æý‡MýS¢ çÜP…«§ýl¯é°MìS ™øyýlµyýl$™èl$…¨. ÑrÑ$¯Œæ MðS A«¨MýS…V> ËÀ…^ól BàÆý‡ 糧éÆ>¦Ë$: BMýS$MýS*Æý‡Ë$, M>Å»ôæh, {ºMøÍ.

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ÑrÑ$¯Œæ íÜ Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$… & BÝëPǾMŠæ BÐ]l$Ï… ÑrÑ$¯Œæ Üí ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ Ð]l^óla ÐéÅ«¨ Üç PÈÓ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ íÜ.. ÐéÅ«¨ °Æø«§ýlMýS Ô¶æMìS¢° ò³…´÷…¨çÜ$¢…¨. Ðólyìl ^ólõÜ¢ Ñ_e¯]l²Ð]l$Äôæ$Å ÑrÑ$¯Œæ & ÑrÑ$¯Œæ Üí V>Ķæ*Ë$ ™èlÓÆý‡V> Ð]l*¯ól…§ýl$MýS$ çÜàĶæ$ç³yól ÑrÑ$¯Œ æ & ÑrÑ$¯Œæ Üí EíÜÇ, gêÐ]l$M>Ķæ$, °Ð]l$Ã, ¯éÇ…f Ð]l…sìæ ç³#ËÏV> E…yól çœÌêÌZÏ GMýS$PÐ]lV> E…yól¨ & ÑrÑ$¯Œæ Üí Æý‡MýS¢¯éâê˯]l$ BÆøVýSÅ…V> E…^ól ÑrÑ$¯Œæ &ÑrÑ$¯Œæ íÜ çÜPÈÓ ÐéÅ«¨ Ë„ýS×êË$: _VýS$â¶æ$Ï Ðé_ Æý‡MýS¢… M>Æý‡yýl… ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼1 Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$… & £ýlĶæ$Ñ$¯Œæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼2 Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$… & Ç»ZõœÏѯŒæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼3 Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$… & °Ä¶æ*íܯŒæ Ìôæ§é °Møsìæ°MŠæ BÐ]l$Ï… ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼5 Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$… & ´ë…sZ£ðl°MŠæ BÐ]l$Ï… ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼6 Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$… & Oò³ÇyéMìSÞ¯Œæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼12 Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$… & çÜĶæ$¯øMø»êËÑ$¯Œæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼7 Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$…& ºÄñæ*sì毌æ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼9 Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l ¯éÐ]l$… & ¸ùÍMŠæ BÐ]l$Ï… ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼1 (£ýlĶæ$Ñ$¯Œæ) ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ Ð]l^óla ÐéÅ«¨ & »ñæÇ»ñæÇ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼1 ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ ³ç „ýS$ÌZÏ Ð]l^óla ÐéÅ«¨ & ´ëί]l*ÅOÆð‡sìæ‹Ü ¼Ä¶æ$Å… ´÷r$t ¡Ä¶æ$yýl… Ìôæ§é ´ëÍ‹Ù ^ólĶæ$yýl… Ð]lËÏ MøÌZµÄôæ$ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ & £ýlĶæ$Ñ$¯Œæ ™èlÐ]l#yýl$ÌZ A«¨MýS…V> E…yól ÑrÑ$¯Œæ & £ýlĶæ$Ñ$¯Œæ ^éÌê Æý‡M>Ë «§é¯éÅÌZÏ £ýlĶæ$Ñ$¯Œæ Oò³´÷Æý‡ÌZϯól E…r$…¨. Ð]l$Æý‡ ç³sìæt¯]lç³#µyýl$ D ´÷Æý‡Ë$ ´ù™éƇ¬.

A…§ýl$MóS ™ðlËÏ° ´ëÍ‹Ù ç³sìæt¯]l ¼Ä¶æ$Å…™ø Ð]l…yìl¯]l A¯]l²… †¯ól Ðéâ¶æÏÌZ £ýlĶæ$Ñ$¯Œæ ÌZç³…

HÆý‡µyýl$™èl$…¨. Eç³#µyýl$ ¼Ä¶æ$Å…, §ýl…ç³#yýl$ ¼Ä¶æ$Å… †¯ól Ðéâ¶æMÏ ýS$ D fº$¾Ë$ Æ>Ð]l#. £ýlĶæ$Ñ$¯Œæ ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ VýS$…yðl ÝëÐ]l*¯]lÅ…V> E…yól OòÜk MýS…sôæ ò³§ýlªV> AÐ]l#™èl$…¨. ©¯ól² M>ÇzÄñæ* Ððl$V>Í A…sêÆý‡$. VýS$…yðl ±Æý‡çÜ…V> Mör$tMö° M>â¶æÏÌZ Ðéç³# Ð]lçÜ$¢…¨.

M>ïœË$, sîæË$, Ð]lMýSP´÷yìl, fÆ>ª GMýS$PÐ]lV> ¡çÜ$MýS$…sôæ Ð]l$¯]l… ¡çÜ$Mö¯ól BàÆý‡…ÌZ E¯]l² £ýlĶæ$Ñ$¯Œæ Ô¶æÈÆý‡…ÌZ° MýS×êËMýS$ A…§ýl§ýl$.

´ùsîæ ç³È„ýSË {ç³™ólÅMýS…

volcanic eruptions disturb the Ocean floor. ✩ Most Tsunamis occur when there are Earthquakes at tectonic plate boundaries.

Tectonic plates ✩ Tectonic plates are pieces of Earth crust and upper most mantle, together referred to as Lithosphere.

Deformation zone ✩ It is a region of significant stretching in the atmosphere. ✩ The stretching is often caused by air streams flowing toward each other.

Earthquake ✩ A sudden violent shaking of ground, typically causing great destruction. ✩ They are the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth crust. ✩ An Earthquake under the ocean cause Tsunami. ✩ Most of the Earthquakes strike on fault lines.

Causes of Earthquake 1) Tectonic Movement: This happens when the continental plate collides against the oceanic plate Tectonic earthquakes have occurred in Assam in 1950.

2) Volcanic Activity: Earthquakes may also be caused by the movement of lava beneath the surface of the Earth during volcanic activity.

3) Dislocation of Earth Crust: Earthquakes may be caused by the dislocation of the crust beneath the surface of the Earth.

4) Faulting and Folding in the rock beds are responsible for causing minor Earthquakes.

Earthquake Belts 1) The Circum Pacific Mountain Belt ✩ About 70% of all Earthquakes happen here. ✩ These islands cover areas of Japan,

Philippines and Indonesia shaped like an arc. ✩ This belt also known as the Pacific Ring of Fire.

2) The Mid-World Mountain Belt ✩ 20% of all earthquakes occur in this belt covers parts of Europe and Asia.

3) Other belts ✩ Remaining 10% are scattered in 0700km range over ocean floor, rift valleys and other areas.

CONSOLIDATED FDI POLICY Context ✩ The consolidated FDI policy issued

by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIIP). ✩ It said a scheduled operator permit can be granted only to a company which should consist of chairman and atleast 2/3rd of the directors of Indian Citizens. ✩ The substantial ownership and effective control of which should be vested in Indian nationals. ✩ It means 49% of share to foreign investors and 51% share to Indian national partners.

Q) What is Consolidated FDI Policy?

1) The document includes all changes in India’s FDI policy over the last year.

2) The DIPP is under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, is the nodal agency on FDI policy.

3) It compiles all policies related to India’s FDI regime into a single document to make it simple and easy for investors to understand.

4) The whole exercise of FDI policy is aimed at providing an investor friendly climate to foreign players and in turn attract more FDI to boost economic growth.

Krishna pradeep Director, 21st Century IAS, Hyd.

M>…í³sîæsìæÐŒæ Mú¯ðlÞÍ…VŠæ ´ùsîæç³È„ýSËMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ gê{VýSïœ; OòܯŒlÞ A…yŠl sñæM>²Ëi & G….Ð]l$«§ýl$Ë™èl, Æ>gê….

A…Ô>ËMýS$ GÌê íܧýl®Ð]l$ÐéÍ?

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü ºÄ¶æ*Ëi ➦ ➦

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BĶæ* 糧éÆ>¦ÌZÏ E…yól Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯]l 糧éÆ>¦Ë$ £ýlĶæ$Ñ$¯Œæ¯]l$ ç³°MìS Æ>MýS$…yé ^ólÝë¢Æ‡¬.

BËPàÌŒæ GMýS$PÐ]lV> õÜÑ…^ól ÐéÇÌZ £ýlĶæ$Ñ$¯Œæ ÌZç³… E…r$…¨. ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼2 (Ç»ZõœÏѯŒæ) ´ëË$, VýS$yýl$Ï, M>ÌôæĶæ$…, BMýS$MýS*Æý‡ÌZÏ ËÀçÜ$¢…¨. D ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¯øsìæç³N™èl¯]l$ AÇMýSyýl$™èl$…¨. ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼7 (ºÄñæ*sì毌æ)¯]l$ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ òßæ^Œæ A° MýS*yé A…sêÆý‡$.

D ÑrÑ$¯Œæ¯]l$ kr$t, VøÆý‡$Ï »êV> ò³Æý‡VýSyé°MìS yéMýStÆý‡$Ï íܸëÆý‡$Þ ^ólÝë¢Æý‡$. ºÄñæ*sì毌æ¯]l$ ç³Ë$ Ýû…§ýlÆý‡Å E™èlµ™èl$¢ÌZÏ Ðéyýl$™èl$¯é²Æý‡$.

EyýlMýS»ñært° ç³_a VýS$yýl$z¯]l$ BàÆý‡…V> ¡çÜ$MýS$¯ól ÐéÇÌZ ºÄñæ*sì毌æ ÌZç³… HÆý‡µyýl$™èl$…¨. ºÄñæ*sì毌æ ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ AÌZõ³íÜĶæ* (kr$t Fyìl´ùÐ]lyýl…) MýSË$VýS$™èl$…¨. MýS¯]l$»ŸÐ]l$ÃËOò³ Ððl…{r$MýSË$ Æ>Í´ùÐ]lyýl…, VøÆý‡ÏMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_¯]l çÜÐ]l$çÜÅË$ ™èlÌñæ™èl$¢™éƇ¬. ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼12 ÌZç³… Ð]lËÏ Ð]l^óla ÐéÅ«¨ & ò³È²íÙĶæ$‹Ü A±Ñ$Ķæ*

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ÑrÑ$¯]l$Ï & Ð]l*Æý‡$ õ³Æý‡$Ï ÑrÑ$¯Œæ yìl & çܯŒæOòÙ¯Œæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ, Ķæ*…sîæ ÇMðSsŒæÞ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ C & º*Åsîæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ, Ķæ*…sîæ òÜtÇÍsîæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ MðS & MöĶæ*VýS$ÅÌôæçÙ¯Œæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ, Ķæ*…sîæ õßæÐ]l$Æó‡hMŠæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ, Ķæ*…sîæ ½Ïyìl…VŠæ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼1 & Ķæ*…sîæ »ñæÇ»ñæÇ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼2 & ÑrÑ$¯Œæ h, ÐøÐø õœÑÏ ¯Œæ (ovo flavin) ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ¼3 & Ķæ*…sîæ ò³ÌêÏ{V> ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ➦ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ Ü í & Ķæ*…sîæ Üç PÈÓ ÑrÑ$¯Œæ ➦

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{ç³Ò×Šæ §ýl™èl$¢ A«§éÅç³MýS$Ë$, GÌŒæ.òßæ^Œæ.BÆŠæ. {糿¶æ$™èlÓ yìl{X MýSâêÔ>Ë, OÐðl$ËÐ]lÆý‡…

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gê{VýS-ïœMìS çÜ…º…-«¨…_ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ MøÆŠ‡ A…Ô>Ë™ø ´ër$ Ðésìæ™ø çÜ…º…-«§ýl-Ð]l¬¯]l² çÜÐ]l$M>-ί]l A…Ô>Ë (Contemporary issues) ¯]l$…_ MýS*yé Ð]l^óla…-§ýl$MýS$ AÐ]l-M>Ô¶æ-Ð]l¬…¨. A…§ýl$Ð]lËÏ CsîæÐ]lË ¿oVøãMýS…V> {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… çÜ…™èlÇ…^èl$MýS$¯]l² A…Ô>ËOò³ §ýl–íÙtÝëÇ…^éÍ. Æý‡$™èl$-ç³-Ð]l-¯é-Ë$-&-Ð]l¬…-§ýlçÜ$¢ A…^èl-¯éË$, ç³#Ë$Ë A¿¶æ-Ķæ*-Æý‡-×êÅË$, Ð]l¯]lÅ-{´ë-×æ$Ë çÜ…Æý‡-„ýS×æ MóS…{§éË$ ™èl¨-™èlÆý‡ A…Ô>-ËOò³ AÐ]lV>çßæ¯]l ò³…´÷…¨…^èl$MøÐéÍ.

20-1-5-&-Osñæ-VýSÆŠ‡ òܯ]lÞ‹Ü A…Ô>-˯]l$ A«§ýlÅĶæ$¯]l… ^ólĶæ*Í. VýS™èl…™ø ´ùÍa™ól ç³#Ë$Ë çÜ…QÅÌZ Ð]l_a¯]l Ð]l*Æý‡$µË$, ç³#Ë$Ë$ GMýS$P-Ð]lV> E¯]l² Æ>Ú‰ëË$, {´ë…™é-˯]l$ VýS$Æý‡$¢…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ.

Csîæ-Ð]lË M>Ë…ÌZ ¯]l§ýl$Ë A¯]l$-çÜ…-«§é¯]l…

(River Linking) òO ³ »êV> ^èlÆý‡a fÆý‡$VýS$-™ø…¨. ±Æý‡$, BàÆý‡ ¿¶æ{§ýl-™èlMýS$ ¯]l§ýl$Ë A¯]l$-çÜ…-«§é¯]l… Ð]l¬QÅ-Ð]l$° MóS…{§ýl {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… ¿êÑ-çÜ$¢¯]l² ™èlÆý‡$-×æ…ÌZ D A…Ô>-°MìS {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… HÆý‡µ-yìl…¨. A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ ¯]l§ýl$Ë A¯]l$-çÜ…-«§é¯]l… íܦ†-VýS-™èl$Ë$, Æ>Ú‰ëË Ð]l$«§ýlÅ fË-Ñ-Ðé-§éË$ ™èl¨-™èl-Æ>-ËOò³ §ýl–íÙt-Ýë-Ç…-^éÍ. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… ÝëÃÆŠ‡t-íÜ-sîæ-Ë-Oò³¯é ò³§ýlª G™èl$¢¯]l ^èlÆý‡a-f-Æý‡$-VýS$-™ø…¨. MóS…{§ýl {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… ÒsìæMìS A«¨MýS {´ë«§é-¯]lÅ-Ñ$-çÜ$¢¯]l² ¯ólç³-£ýlÅ…ÌZ D A…Ô¶æ… ¯]l$…_ MýS*yé {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]l^óla…-§ýl$MýS$ AÐ]l-M>-Ô¶æ-Ð]l¬…¨. {ç³ç³…^èl ÐéÅç³¢…V> (¿ê-Æý‡-™ŒlMýS$ {´ë«§é-¯]lÅÑ$çÜ*¢...) IÌê…yŠl V>Å‹Ü °ËÓ-ËOò³ §ýl–íÙtÝë-Ç…-^éÍ. Ķæ¬Æó‡-°Ä¶æ$… °„óS-´ë-Ë-Oò³¯é AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l ™èlç³µ-°-çÜÇ. çÜçßæf Ð]l¯]lÆý‡$Ë$, Æý‡Ðé×ê Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ, ¿¶æ*çÜÓÆý‡*´ëË$, ¯]l§ýl$Ë$, Ðé™éÐ]lÆý‡×æ… ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ A…Ô>ËOò³ §ýl–íÙtÝëÇ…^éÍ.

AsêÏ‹Ü çÜàĶæ$…™ø {í³ç³Æó‡çÙ¯Œl Mö¯]lÝëW…^èlyýl… Ð]lËÏ Ð]l$…_ çœÍ™éË$ E…sêƇ¬.

G‹Ü A…yŠl sîæ: OòܯŒlÞ A…yŠl sñæM>²-Ë-iMìS çÜ…º…-«¨…_

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Ð]l¬QÅ-OÐðl$¯]l gê¡Ä¶æ$, A…™èl-Æ>j-¡Ä¶æ$ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ AÀ-Ð]l–¨® A…Ô>-ËOò³ §ýl–íÙt-Ýë-Ç…^éÍ.

A…™èl-Ç„ýS Æý‡…VýS…; Æý‡„ýS×æ Æý‡…VýS…; çÜÐ]l*-^é-Æý‡&-Ýë…-MóS-†MýS Æý‡…V>-ËOò³ §ýl–íÙt-Ýë-Ç…-^éÍ. ¿êÆý‡™èl A…-™èl-Ç„ýS M>Æý‡Å-{MýS-Ð]l$…ÌZ ¿êVýS-OÐðl$¯]l ï³G-‹Ü-G-ÌŒæÒ {ç³Äñæ*-V>Ë$, {ç³Äñæ*-W…-_¯]l §ólÖĶæ$, ѧólÖ Eç³-{VýS-àË$, AÐðl$-ÇM> A…™èl-Ç„ýS ç³Ç-ÔZ-«§ýl¯]l çÜ…çܦ ¯éÝë, IÆø´ë A…™èl-Ç„ýS çÜ…çܦ °Æý‡Ó-íßæ…-_¯]l {ç³Äñæ*-V>ËOò³ §ýl–íÙt-Ýë-Ç…-^éÍ. Ô¶æMìS¢ Æý‡…VýS… (Energy Sector) ¯]l$…_ MýS*yé {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]l^óla…-§ýl$MýS$ AÐ]l-M>-Ô¶æÐ]l¬…¨. ç³Æ>Å-Ð]l-Æý‡×æ…, iÐ]l-OÐðl-Ñ«§ýlÅ… (º-Äñæ*-Oyðl-Ð]l-ÇÞsîæ), Ðé™é-Ð]l-Æý‡×æ Ð]l*Æý‡$µË$ A…Ô>Ë ¯]l$…_ GMýS$PÐ]l {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]l^óla…-§ýl$MýS$ AÐ]l-M>Ô¶æ-Ð]l¬…¨. M>ºsìæt ÒsìæMìS çÜ…º…-«¨…_ CsîæÐ]lË fÇ-W¯]l ç³Ç-×ê-Ð]l*-ËOò³ AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l ò³…´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ.

BÐ]l-Æý‡×æ Ð]lÅÐ]l-çܦË$ (Eco Systems), A¯]l$-MýS*-Ë-¯éË$ (Adaptations), GMýS-Ìêh-MýSÌŒæ C…r-Æ>-MýSÛ¯ŒlÞ, C…rÆŠ‡ VýSÐ]l-ÆŠ‡²-Ððl$…rÌŒæ ´ëůðlÌŒæ B¯Œl MðS•ÏÐól$sŒæ ^ól…gŒæ (I-ï³-ïÜ-ïÜ) AòÜ-‹Ü-Ððl$…sŒæ Ç´ùÆŠ‡t, iÐ]l-OÐðl-Ñ«§ýlÅ… G§ýl$ÆöP…-r$¯]l² {ç³Ð]l*-§éË$ ™èl¨-™èlÆý‡ A…Ô>˯]l$ ÇÑ-f¯Œl ^ólĶæ*Í. §ólÔ¶æ…-ÌZ° {糫§é-¯]lOÐðl$¯]l Endemic Species, Ðésìæ ÑçÜ¢Æý‡×æ, {ç³™ólÅMýS Ë„ýS-×êË$ Ð]l¬QÅ-OÐðl$-¯]lÑ.

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A…§ýl$-»ê-r$ÌZ E¯]l² RêäË$ 78-83. B…{«§ýl-{ç³-§ólÔŒæÌZ 485, ™ðlË…-V>-×æÌZ 344 RêäË$ E¯é²Æ‡¬. ™èl$¨ °Ä¶æ*-Ð]l$-M>Ë$ ^ólç³sôæt çÜÐ]l$-Ķæ*-°MìS D çÜ…QÅÌZ Ð]l*Æý‡$µË$ ^ør$-^ól-çÜ$-MýS$¯ól AÐ]l-M>-Ô¶æÐ]l¬…¨. ● VýS™èl MýSÏÆŠ‡P ¯øsìæ-íœ-MóS-çÙ-¯Œl™ø ´ùÍa™ól DÝëÇ ç³È„ýS Ñ«§é-¯]l…ÌZ ç³Ë$ Ð]l*Æý‡$µË$ ^ør$-^ól-çÜ$MýS$-¯é²Æ‡¬. {糫§é¯]l Ð]l*Æý‡$µË$.. Ððl$Ƈ¬¯Œl ç³È-„ýSÌZ° MýS…ç³NÅ-rÆŠ‡ Ñ¿ê-V>°² Èf-°…VŠS òÜMýSÛ-¯ŒlMýS$ f™èl-^ól-Ô>Æý‡$. VýS™èl…ÌZ Ððl$Ƈ¬¯Œl ç³È-„ýSMýS$ 135 °Ñ$-ÚëË$ E…yýlV>, {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… A¨ 160 °Ñ$Úë-ËMýS$ ò³Ç-W…¨. M>Ó…sìæ-sôæ-sìæÐŒl Bí³t-r*ÅyŠl, f¯]l-Æý‡-ÌŒæ-/-Oòœ-¯é-°Û-Ķæ$ÌŒæ AÐól-ÆŠ‡-¯ðl‹Ü Ñ¿ê-V>-ÌZÏ° {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ ò³Ç-V>Ƈ¬.

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Ð]lÆý‡$çÜ {ç³MýS-r-¯]l-Ë™ø »êÅ…MýS$ E§øÅ-V>Ë L™éÞ-íßæ-MýS$-ËMýS$ A§ýl$™èl Ðól¨-MýSV> °Ë$-çÜ$¢¯]l² C¯Œl-íÜt-r*ÅsŒæ B‹œ »êÅ…MìS…VŠS ç³Æý‡Þ-¯]lÌŒæ òÜË-MýSÛ¯Œl (I-½-ï³-G-‹Ü).. ™égêV> MýSÏÆŠ‡P ´ùçÜ$tË ¿¶æÈ¢MìS ¯øsìæ-íœ-MóS-çÙ¯Œl Ñyýl$-§ýlË ^ólíÜ…¨. 19 »êÅ…MýS$ÌZÏ MýSÏÆŠ‡P E§øÅ-V>-˯]l$ B¯Œl-OÌñ毌l GV>j-Ñ$-¯ól-çÙ¯Œl ({í³-Í-Ñ$-¯]lÈ, Ððl$Ƈ¬-¯Œl) §éÓÆ> ¿¶æÈ¢ ^ólÝë¢Æý‡$.

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A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë G…í³MýS Æð‡…yýl$ §ýlÔ¶æÌZÏ B»ñæj-MìStÐŒl ç³È-„ýSË B«§é-Æý‡…V> E…r$…¨. Ððl¬§ýlr {í³Í-Ñ$-¯]lÈ GV>j-Ñ$-¯ól-çÙ¯ŒS (1-00 Ð]l*Æý‡$P-Ë$) E…r$…¨. C…§ýl$ÌZ C…WÏ‹Ù Ìê…VóSÓgŒæ (30 Ð]l*.), ¯]l*ÅÐ]l$-ÇMýSÌŒæ G¼-Ísîæ (35 Ð]l*.), Èf-°…VŠS G¼-Ísîæ (35 Ð]l*.) Ñ¿ê-V>Ë$ E…sêƇ¬. ç³È-„ýSMýS$ VýS…r çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$… MóSsê-Ƈ¬-Ýë¢Æý‡$. D ç³È-„ýSÌZ °Æó‡ª-Õ™èl MýSsê‹œ Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ ´÷…¨¯]l ÐéÇMìS Ððl$Ƈ¬¯Œl ç³È„ýSMýS$ AÆý‡á™èl ËÀ-çÜ$¢…¨.

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MýS…O»ñ毌lz {V>yýl$Å-Äôæ$sŒæ ÌñæÐ]lÌŒæ GV>j-Ñ$-¯ól-çÙ¯Œl (ïÜ-i-G-ÌæŒ -D-)& 20-17 OsñæÆŠ‡-&1 ç³È-„ýSË$ Ð]l¬W-Ô>Ƈ¬. §ólÔ¶æ-ÐéÅ-ç³¢…V> MýS…ç³NÅ-rÆŠ‡ B«§é-Ç™èl Ñ«§é-¯]l…ÌZ BVýSçÜ$t 5 ¯]l$…_ 23 Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ ç³È-„ýSË$ °Æý‡Ó-íßæ…-^éÆý‡$. §é§éç³# 15.44 Ë„ýSË Ð]l$…¨ ç³È-„ýSMýS$ àf-Æý‡-Ķæ*ÅÆý‡$. ™égêV> G‹Ü-G-‹ÜïÜ.. A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë çÜÐ]l*-«§é¯]l ç³{™é-˯]l$ Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsZÏ ´÷…§ýl$-ç³-Æý‡-_…¨.

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❝

OsñæÆŠ‡-&-2 MýS$ çܯ]l²-§ýl®™èl Cç³µ-sìæMóS A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ OsñæÆŠ‡&1 ç³È„ýSMýS$ {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ-¯ŒlÌZ ¿êVýS…V> M>Ó…sìæ-sôæsìæÐŒl Bí³t-r*ÅyŠl, C…WÏ‹Ù òÜMýSÛ-¯]lÏMýS$ ^èl¨Ñ E…sêÆý‡$. H ´ùçÜ$tMýS$ §ýlÆý‡-RêçÜ$¢ ^ólçÜ$-MýS$-¯]l²-ç³µ-sìæMîS OsñæÆŠ‡-&2 (MýS…-ç³NÅ-rÆŠ‡

B«§é-Ç™èl ç³È-„ýS-)ÌZ D Æð‡…yýl$ çÜ»ñæj-MýS$tË$ EÐ]l$Ã-yìlV> E…sêƇ¬. Ð]l¬…§ýl$V> BĶæ* çÜ»ñæj-MýS$tÌZÏ HÄôæ$ Ñ¿ê-V>Ë ¯]l$…_ G¯ðl²°² {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ayýl$-VýS$-™èl$¯é²Æø ™ðlË$-çÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. ™èl§ýl-¯]l$-VýS$-×æ…V> {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ¯Œl ´ëϯŒl ^ólçÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ.

M>Ó…sìæ-sôæ-sìæÐŒl G¼-Í-sîæ‹Ü OsñæÆŠ‡-&-2ÌZ õ³ç³-ÆŠ‡-&1 C¨. 100 {ç³Ô¶æ²-Ë™ø E…yól D õ³ç³ÆøÏ Ý뫨…^ól JMøP {ç³Ô¶æ² Æð‡…yýl$ Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ ™ðl_a ò³yýl$-™èl$…¨. Æð‡…yýl$ VýS…rË Ð]lÅÐ]l«¨ÌZ D õ³ç³-ÆŠ‡ÌZ Ð]l$…_ ÝùPÆý‡$ ^ólĶæ$-yé-°MìS Ð]l*Å£ŠlÞ, Bí³t-r*ÅyŠl Ñ¿ê-V>-˯]l$ »êV> {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ*Í. D çÜ»ñæj-MŠStMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë MìSÏçÙt™èl ™ólÍMýS, Ð]l$«§ýlÅçܦ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ E…r$…¨. ● A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ {糫§é-¯]l…V> mensuration, gêÐðl${sîæ, {´ëíœsŒæ A…yŠl Ìê‹Ü, BÎj{»ê, ¯]l…ºÆŠ‡ íÜçÜtÐŒl$, {sìæVýS-¯ø-Ððl${sîæ, Æó‡íÙÄñæ* A…yŠl {ç³´ù-Æý‡Û¯Œl, yólsê C…r-ÆŠ‡-{í³-sôæ-çÙ¯Œl; Osñæ…, ïܵyŠl, yìlòÜt¯ŒlÞ; OsñæÐŒl$ A…yŠl Ð]lÆŠ‡P, C…{sñæ‹Üt, ç³Æý‡Þ…-sôæ-gñæ‹Ü, Ķæ*Ð]l-Æó‡-gñæ‹Ü, ¯]l…ºÆŠ‡ íÜÈ‹Ü, íÜ…í³Ï-íœ-MóS-çÙ¯Œl ™èl¨-™èlÆý‡ A…Ô>-ËOò³ §ýl–íÙt-Ýë-Ç…-^éÍ. Òsìæ ¯]l$…_ GMýS$PÐ]l {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]lçÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. ● D çÜ»ñæj-MýS$tÌZ Æ>×ìæ…-^é-Ë…sôæ ÐólVýS…,

B¯ŒS-OÌñ毌l Çh-õ܉-çÙ¯Œl {´ëÆý‡…¿ýæ…: 12.9.20-17. ● B¯ŒS-OÌñ毌l §ýlÆý‡-Rê-çÜ$¢MýS$ _Ð]lÇ ™ól©: 3.10.20-17. ● {í³Í-Ñ$-¯]lÈ ç³È„ýS (B-¯ŒS-OÌñæ-¯Œl) ™ól©Ë$: 20-17- yìlòÜ…-ºÆý‡$ 2, 3, 9,10. ● {í³Í-Ñ$-¯]lÈ ç³È„ýS (B-¯ŒS-OÌñæ-¯Œl) çœÍ-™éË$: yìlòÜ…-ºÆý‡$, 20-17. ● Ððl$Ƈ$$¯Œl GV>jÐŒl$ (B-¯ŒS-OÌñæ-¯ŒS) ™ól©: 21.1.20-18 ● {´÷Ñ-h-¯]lÌŒæ AÌê-sŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ: H{í³ÌŒæ, 20-18 ● Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.ibps.in ●

»ôæíÜMŠæÞOò³ ç³r$t Ý뫨…^éÍ..

ç³È-„ýSMýS$ {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ¯Œl Mö¯]l-Ýë-VóS…-§ýl$MýS$ ™èlW¯]l çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$… A…§ýl$»ê-r$ÌZ E…¨ M>ºsìæt ™öË$™èl »ôæíÜ-MŠSÞOò³ ç³r$t Ý뫨…-^ól…-§ýl$MýS$ {ç³Ä¶æ$-†²…^éÍ. BĶæ* çÜ»ñæj-MýS$tÌZÏ Ñ¿ê-V>-ËMýS$ E¯]l² ÐðlƇ¬-sôæ-i° AÆý‡¦… ^ólçÜ$-Mö° ™èl§ýl¯]l$-VýS$-×æ…V> çܯ]l²-§ýl®-Ð]l$-ÐéÓÍ. »ôæíÜ-MŠSÞOò³ ç³r$t Ð]l^éaMýS ç³NÇ¢-Ýë¦-Ƈ¬ÌZ {V>…yŠl sñæ‹ÜtË$ Æ>Ķæ*Í. D çÜÐ]l$-Ķæ$…ÌZ ™èl糚Ë$ §öÆý‡Ï-MýS$…yé çÜÐ]l*-«§é-¯éË$ Æ>º-sêtÍ. GMýS$P-Ð]lV> B¯Œl-OÌñ毌l ç³È-„ýSË$ Æ>íÜ Gç³µ-sìæ-MýS-糚yýl$ çÜÒ$-„ìS…-^èl$-MøÐéÍ. ºÌêË$, ºË-ïßæ-¯]l-™èl-˯]l$ »ôæÈk ÐólçÜ$-MýS$…r* {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ-¯ŒlÌZ Ð]l¬…§ýl$MðS-â¶æÏyýl… §éÓÆ> Ñf-Ķæ*-Ð]l-M>-Ô>-˯]l$ Ððl$Æý‡$-VýS$-ç³-Æý‡-^èl$-Mø-Ð]l^èl$a. & G¯Œl.ѯ]lÄŒæ$ MýS$Ð]l*-ÆŠ‡-Æð‡yìlz, OyðlÆð‡-MýStÆŠ‡, IH-ïÜD.

❝

Ð]l*MŠæsñæ‹ÜtË™ø Ðól$Ë$..

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ÐólVýS…, MýS_a™èl™èlÓ… {糫§é¯]l…

I½-ï³-G‹Ü ç³È-„ýSÌZÏ {糆 çÜ»ñæj-MýS$tÌZ Mö°² A…Ô>Ë ¯]l$…^ól GMýS$P-Ð]lV> {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]lçÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. AÐól…sZ ™ðlË$-çÜ$-Mö°, Ðésìæ° {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ$-yé-°MìS GMýS$PÐ]l çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$… MóSsê-Ƈ¬…-^éÍ. ç³È„ýS Ñ«§é-¯é-°MìS AË-Ðé-r$ç³-yól…-§ýl$MýS$ ÆøkMø Ð]l*MŠS sñæçÜ$t Æ>Ķæ$yýl… Ðól$Ë$. ™ðlÍ-Ķæ$° {ç³Ô¶æ²-˯]l$ Ð]l¨Ìôæ-Ķæ*Í. Fíßæ…_ çÜÐ]l*-«§é-¯éË$ VýS$Ç¢…-^ö§ýl$ª. Ñ¿ê-V>Ë ÐéÈV> Osñæ… {ç³M>Æý‡… sñæ‹ÜtË$ Æ>Ķæ$yýl… Ððl$Ƈ¬¯Œl ç³È-„ýSMýS$ Eç³-Äñæ*-VýS-ç³-yýl$-™èl$…¨. GMýS$PÐ]lV> M>ÅÍ-MýS$Å-Ìôæ-çÙ¯ŒlÞ B«§é-Ç™èl {ç³Ô¶æ²-˯]l$ {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ*Í. & Æý‡Ñ V>Æý‡Ï-´ësìæ, OyðlÆð‡-MýStÆŠ‡, IOÆð‡gŒæ AM>-yýlÒ$, Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê§Šl.

ÐólVýS… (speed), MýS_a-™èl™èlÓ… (accuracy) §éÓÆ> »êÅ…MýS$ ç³È-„ýSÌZ ÑfĶæ$… Ý뫨…-^èl-Ð]l^èl$a. ¯]l*ÅÐ]l$-Ç-MýSÌŒæ G¼-Í-sîæ-/-M>Ó…-sìæsôæ-sìæÐŒl Bí³t-r*ÅyŠl, Èf-°…VŠS òÜMýSÛ-¯]lϯ]l$ GMýS$P-Ð]lV> {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ*Í. f¯]l-Æý‡ÌŒæ AÐól-ÆŠ‡-¯ðl‹Ü Ñ¿ê-V>-°MìS Mö…™èl çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$… MóSsê-Ƈ¬õÜ¢ Ð]l$…_ Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ ´÷…§ö^èl$a. Ððl$Ƈ¬¯Œl ç³È-„ýSÌZ Ð]l^óla Ð]l*Æý‡$PÌôæ ™èl$¨ G…í³-MýSMýS$ MîSËMýS… M>ºsìæt H JMýSP òÜMýSÛ-¯Œl¯]l$ °Æý‡Ï„ýSÅ… ^ólÄñ欧ýl$ª. çÜÐ]l*-«§é-¯éË$ ™ðlÍ-Ķæ$° {ç³Ô¶æ²ËMýS$ çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$… Ð]l–£é ^ólçÜ$-Mø-Ð]l§ýl$ª. & ¼.fĶæ$…™Œl, I½-ï³-G‹Ü MýSÏÆŠ‡P &2-0-14 Ñgôæ™èl, ÑfĶæ* »êÅ…MŠS.

GV>jÐŒl$ sì拳Þ

×êÅ-˯]l$ ç³È-„ìS…^ól Ñ«§ýl…V> {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]lçÜ$¢¯é²Æ‡¬. ● Èyìl…VŠS M>…{ò³-òßæ-¯]lÛ¯Œl (B-ÆŠ‡-ïÜ) ¯]l$…_ 25-&30 {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ Ð]lÝë¢Æ‡¬. 2&4 ´ëÅõÜ-iË$ E…r$-¯é²Æ‡¬. ±† MýS£ýlË$; BǦMýS, ÝëÐ]l*-hMýS A…Ô>-ËOò³ ´ëÅõÜ-iË$ CçÜ$¢-¯é²Æý‡$. BÆŠ‡ïÜ Ð]l¬QÅ E§ólªÔ¶æ….. A¿¶æÅǦ C…WÏ‹Ù ¿êçÙ¯]l$ H Ðól$Æý‡MýS$ AÆý‡¦… ^ólçÜ$-MýS$…-r$-¯é²yýl$? C_a¯]l çÜÐ]l*-^é-Æ>°² GÌê ÑÔóæÏ-íÙ…-^èl$-Mø-VýS-Ë-VýS$-™èl$¯é²yýl$? A° ç³Ç-Ö-Í-Ýë¢Æý‡$. D Ñ¿ê-VýS…ÌZ Æ>×ìæ…-^èl-yé-°MìS Èyìl…VŠS íÜPÌŒæÞ AË-Ð]l-Æý‡$a-MøÐéÍ. Æøþ HO§ðl¯é JMýS {´ëÐ]l*-×ìæMýS B…VýSÏ ç³{†-MýS¯]l$ ^èl§ýl-Ð]lyýl…, A…§ýl$-ÌZ° ÐéÆý‡¢-˯]l$ AÆý‡¦… ^ólçÜ$-Mø-Ð]lyýl…, Mö™èl¢ 糧é-˯]l$ ¯ólÆý‡$a-MøÐ]lyýl… ^ólĶæ*Í. CÌê-^ólõÜ¢ Èyìl…VŠS M>…{ò³-òßæ-¯]lÛ¯ŒlÌZ Æ>×ìæ…-^ö^èl$a. Èyìl…VŠS {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólíܯ]l ÐéÇMìS çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$ ´ë˯]l MýS*yé AË-Ð]l-yýl$-™èl$…¨. ● ÐöM>-º$Å-ËÈ ¯]l$…_ 30 Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]lçÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. synonyms, antonyms, idioms and

ïÜiGÌŒæD OsñæÆŠ‡&2 VýS™èl…ÌZ OsñæÆŠ‡-&1, 2ËÌZ Ý뫨…-_¯]l Ð]l*Æý‡$PË B«§é-Æý‡…V> OsñæÆŠ‡-&-3 (¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠæÌZ fÇVóS)MìS AÆý‡$á-OÌñæ¯]l ÐéÇ° G…í³MýS ^ólõÜ-ÐéÆý‡$. M>±, DÝëÇ OsñæÆŠ‡-&2, 3˯]l$ JMóS-ÝëÇ °Æý‡Ó-íßæ-çÜ$¢-¯]l²r$Ï MýSÑ$çÙ¯Œl õ³ÆöP…¨. A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ ©°² §ýl–íÙtÌZ E…^èl$Mö° {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ¯Œl Mö¯]l-Ýë-W…-^éÍ. ïÜi-G-ÌŒæD OsñæÆŠ‡&-1ÌZ DÝëÇ MýSsê‹œ Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ VýS™èl…ÌZ MýS…sôæ ™èlVóSY AÐ]l-M>Ô¶æ… E…¨. 20-16 ïÜi-G-ÌŒæD OsñæÆŠ‡&1ÌZ f¯]l-Æý‡ÌŒæ MóSr-W-ÇÌZ MýSsê‹œ Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ 13-7V> E…yýlV> DÝëÇ 13-0V> E…yól AÐ]l-M>Ô¶æ…

E¯]l²r$Ï ™ðlË$-Ýù¢…¨.

OsñæÆŠ‡&3¯]l$ MýS*yé VýS…r çÜÐ]l$-Ķæ$…ÌZ "ò³¯Œl A…yŠl õ³ç³-ÆŠ‡' Ñ«§é-¯]l…ÌZ Æ>Ķæ*ÍÞ E…r$…¨. íßæ…©/C…WÏ‹Ù Ò$yìl-Ķæ$…ÌZ ç³È„ýS Æ>Ķæ$-Ð]l^èl$a.

C…§ýl$ÌZ ÌñærÆŠ‡ OÆð‡sìæ…VŠS/{í³OòÜgŒæ OÆð‡sìæ…VŠS/GõÜÞ OÆð‡sìæ…VŠS/Aí³Ï-MóS-çÙ¯Œl OÆð‡sìæ…VŠS Ððl¬§ýl-OÌñæ-¯]lÑ E…sêƇ¬. D Ñ¿ê-V>-°MìS 100 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$.

çܵÆý‡®Ä¶æ* Ð]lÆý‡®™ól ѧýlÅ

MýS_a-™èl™èlÓ… {糫§é¯]l…. ©°MìS {´ëMîSt‹Ü Eç³-MýS-ÇçÜ$¢…¨. 2 VýS…rË Ð]lÅÐ]l-«¨-ÌZ¯ól 100 {ç³Ô¶æ²-ËMýS$ çÜÐ]l*-«§é-¯éË$ VýS$Ç¢…-^ólÌê {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ*Í. ÒOÌñæ¯]l°² Ð]l*MŠS-sñæ-‹ÜtË$ Æ>Ķæ$yýl… Ðól$Ë$ ^ólçÜ$¢…¨. ● Mö°² çÜÐ]l$-çÜÅ-ËMýS$ ò³¯Œl Eç³-Äñæ*-W…-^èl-MýS$…-yé¯ól çÜÐ]l*-«§é-¯éË$ Æ>º-sŸt^èl$a. AÌê…sìæ {ç³Ô¶æ²-ËMýS$ ™èlÓÆý‡V> çÜÐ]l*-«§é-¯éË$ VýS$Ç¢…_ Ñ$W-ͯ]l ÐésìæMìS GMýS$PÐ]l çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$… MóSsê-Ƈ¬…-^éÍ. Ððl¬§ýlr çÜ$Ë$-OÐðl¯]l {ç³Ô¶æ²-ËMýS$ çÜÐ]l*-«§é-¯éË$ VýS$Ç¢…-^éÍ ● G‹Ü-G-‹Ü-ïÜ-&-ïÜ-i-G-ÌŒæÌZ ^éÌê-Ð]l-Æý‡MýS$ VýS™èl…ÌZ Ð]l_a¯]l {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë ™èlÆý‡à-ÌZ¯ól (Ððl*-yýl-ÌŒæ-ÌZ-¯ól) {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ ç³#¯]l-Æ>-Ð]l–-™èl-Ð]l$-Ð]l#-™èl$-¯é²Æ‡¬. ©°² §ýl–íÙtÌZ E…^èl$-Mö°, {ï³Ñ-Ķæ$‹Ü õ³ç³-Æý‡Ï¯]l$ ™èlç³µ-°-çÜ-ÇV> {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ*Í. yólsê C…r-ÆŠ‡-{ò³-sôæ-çÙ¯Œl {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ ™ólÍ-V>Y¯ól E…sêƇ¬. Òsìæ° MýS_a-™èl…V> Asñæ…‹³t ^ólĶæ*Í. ● Mö°² {ç³Ô¶æ²-ËMýS$ Bç³Û¯Œl GÍ-Ñ$-¯ól-çÙ¯Œl Ñ«§é-¯]l…ÌZ MýS_a-™èl-OÐðl$¯]l çÜÐ]l*-«§é-¯éË$ VýS$Ç¢…-^ö^èl$a. MìSÆý‡×Šæ ç³¼Ï-MóS-çÙ¯ŒlÞ ^éç³t-ÆŠ‡-OÐðlgŒæ ÝëÌŒæÓyŠl õ³ç³Æý‡$Ï, BÆŠ‡-G‹Ü AVýS-Æ>ÓÌŒæ ç³#çÜ¢-M>Ë$ {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ-¯ŒlMýS$ Eç³-Äñæ*-VýS-ç³-yýl-™éƇ¬.

C…WÏ‹Ù Ìê…VóSÓgŒæ A…yŠl M>…{ò³-òßæ-¯]lÛ¯Œ ●

D çÜ»ñæjMýS$t ¯]l$…_ 200 {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ E…sêƇ¬. JMøP {ç³Ô¶æ²MýS$ JMøP Ð]l*Æý‡$P. 2 VýS…rË Üç Ð]l$Ķæ$… E…r$…¨. D Ñ¿êVýS…ÌZ ÐöM>-º$Å-ËÈ, Èyìl…VŠS M>…{ò³-òßæ-¯]lÛ¯Œl, {V>Ð]l$ÆŠ‡ O¯ðlç³#-

phrases, one word substitution, spelling errors

A…Ô>ËOò³ §ýl–íÙtÝëÇ…^éÍ. ● {V>Ð]l$ÆŠ‡: OsñæÆŠ‡&2 C…WÏ-‹ÙÌZ 55 Ô>™èl… Ð]l*Æý‡$P-ËMýS$ MóSÐ]lË… {V>Ð]l$ÆŠ‡ òÜMýSÛ¯Œl ¯]l$…^ól {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]lçÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. Ýëµsìæ…VŠS G{Æý‡ÆŠ‡Þ: 20, òÜ…sñ毌lÞ C…{ç³N-ÐŒl-Ððl$…sŒæ: 22, òÜ…sñ毌lÞ AÆð‡…-gŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ: 20, íœÌŒæ C¯Œl §ýl »êÏ…MŠSÞ: 5, OyðlÆð‡-MŠSt-/-C-¯Œl-Oyðl-Æð‡MŠSt ïܵ^Œl: 27, Ķæ*MìSt-ÐŒl-/-´ëÅ-íÜÐŒl ÐéƇ¬‹Ü: 20 Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]lçÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. M>ºsìæt A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ GMýS$P-Ð]lV> {V>Ð]l$ÆŠ‡Oò³ §ýl–íÙtÝëÇ…^éÍ. ● {V>Ð]l$ÆŠ‡ Æý‡*ÌŒæÞ ™ðlË$-çÜ$-Mø-Ð]lyýl…, Ðésìæ Aí³Ï-MóS-çÙ¯Œl B«§é-Ç™èl {ç³Ô¶æ²-˯]l$ {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ$yýl… §éÓÆ> òÜ…sñ毌lÞ MýSÆð‡-MýSÛ-¯Œl-&-òÜ…sñ毌lÞ C…{ç³N-ÐŒl-Ððl$…sŒæ {ç³Ô¶æ²-ËMýS$ ™ólÍV>Y çÜÐ]l*-«§é-¯éË$ VýS$Ç¢…-^ö^èl$a. ● ^éÌê Ð]l¬QÅ-OÐðl$¯]l ÐöM>-º$Å-ËÈ ´ëÆŠ‡tOò³ ç³r$t Ý뫨…-^ól…§ýl$MýS$ Word Power Made Easy (Norman lewis), 30 DAYS TO A MORE POWERFUL VOCABULARY ç³#çÜ¢M>Ë™ø ´ër$ www.vocabulary.com ^éÌê Eç³-Äñæ*-VýS-ç³-yýl$-™èl$…¨.

Èyìl…VŠS M>…{ò³-òßæ-¯]lÛ-¯ŒlÌZ Ð]l^óla ´ëÅõÜ-i-˯]l$ Ð]l¨-Ìôæ-Ķæ$MýS$…yé, Asñæ…‹³t ^ólĶæ$-yé-°MìS {ç³Ä¶æ$-†²…-^éÍ. CÑ ™ólÍ-V>Y¯ól E…sêƇ¬. B…§ø-â¶æ¯]l A¯]l-Ð]l-çÜÆý‡…. ● Ððl»ŒæOòÜsŒæ: ssc.nic.in ●

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MóS…{§ýl çßZ…Ô>Q ¯]l*™èl¯]l M>Æý‡Å§ýlÇØ GÐ]lÆý‡$?

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1) VøVýS$ Ô>ÅÐ]l$Ë 2) Ððl$ÈÞ Ð]l*Æý‡YÆð‡sŒæ 3) A…¼M> A¯]l…™Œæ 4) í³. fĶæ$Ë„ìSà 2017 þ¯ŒæÌZ AÐðl$ÇM> Æý‡„ýS×æ Ô>Q çÜÐ]l$ǵ…_¯]l °Ðól¨MýS {ç³M>Æý‡… B眃°Ý뢯ŒæMýS$ A™èlÅ…™èl ÑÔ¶æÓçܱĶæ$ {´ë…¡Ä¶æ$ Ñ${™èl §ólÔ¶æ… H¨?

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1) òßæ^Œæ.G‹Ü. {ç³×æÄŒæ$ 2) MìS§é…¼ }M>…™Œæ 3) çÜÒ$ÆŠæ Ð]lÆý‡Ã 4) ´ëÆý‡$ç³ÍÏ MýSÔ¶æÅ‹³ 29. 2017 çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>°MìS M>Æð‡²X Ððl$yýlÌŒæ¯]l$ H ¿êÆý‡¡Ä¶æ¬yìlMìS {ç³MýSsìæ…^éÆý‡$? (©°² §é™èl–™èlÓ…ÌZ {糆Úët™èlÃMýS ç³#Æý‡ÝëPÆý‡…V> ¿êÑÝë¢Æý‡$) 1) G¯Œæ.BÆŠæ. ¯éÆ>Ķæ$×æÐ]lÊÇ¢ 2) AiÐŒl$ {õ³ÐŒl$i 3) ¯]l…§ýl¯Œæ ±ÌôæMýS° 4) Æý‡™èl¯Œæ sêsê 30. "MýS¯]lÅ} {ç³MýS˵' ç³£ýlM>°MìS çÜ…º…«¨…_ IMýSÅÆ>fÅ çÜÑ$† {ç³gêõÜÐ]l & 2017 ç³#Æý‡ÝëPÆý‡… H Æ>[çÙt {糿¶æ$™éÓ°MìS §ýlMìSP…¨?

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D {ç³MýS-r-¯]lÌZ E{VýS-Ðé-§é°² ^ólÆý‡ayýl… ¿êÆý‡™ŒæMýS$ ¿êÈ §ú™èlÅ Ñf-Ķæ$…V> ^ðlç³µ-Ð]l^èl$a. {¼MŠæÞ Ðé×ìæfÅ Ð]l$…yýlÍ çÜÐ]l*-Ðól-Ô>-ÌZϯ]l* Ððl*© {ç³çÜ…-W…-^éÆý‡$. ¿êÆý‡™Œæ A†-ò³§ýlª Kò³¯Œæ GM>-¯]lÒ$V> Æý‡*´ë…-™èlÆý‡… ^ðl…§ýl$-™ø…-§ýl° õ³ÆöP¯é²Æý‡$. iG-‹Üsîæ AÐ]l$-Ë$¯]l$ A†-ò³§ýlª BǦMýS çÜ…çÜP-Æý‡-×æV> Ððl*© AÀ-Ð]l-Ç~…-^éÆý‡$. Ðól$MìS¯Œæ C…yìlĶæ* M>Æý‡Å-{MýSÐ]l$…, yìlh-rÌŒæ ÌêÐé-§ól-Ò-˯]l$ {´ù™èlÞ-íßæ…-^èl-yýl…™ø ¿êÆý‡™èl BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ Ð]l$Ç…™èl ºÌZ-õ³-™èl-Ð]l$-Ð]l#-™ø…-§ýl° ^ðl´ëµÆý‡$. {¼MŠæÞ {MðSyìlsŒæ Æó‡sìæ…VŠæ Hgñæ-±Þ° HÆ>µr$ ^ólĶæ*-Ë° í³Ë$-ç³#-°-^éaÆý‡$.

C¨ Ð]lÆý‡®-Ð]l*¯]l §ólÔ>-ËMýS$ ^ðl…¨¯]l {糿¶æ$™èlÓ çÜ…çܦË$, C™èlÆý‡ M>Æöµ-Æó‡rÏ BǦMýS AÐ]l-çÜ-Æ>-ËMýS$ ™øyýlµyýl-VýS-Ë-§ýl-¯é²Æý‡$. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… {MðSyìlsŒæ Æó‡sìæ…VŠæ Ñ¿ê-VýS…ÌZ AÐðl$-Ç-M>MýS$ ^ðl…¨¯]l G‹Ü A…yŠæ ï³, Ð]lÊyîl‹Ü, íœ^Œæ çÜ…çܦË$ B«¨-ç³™èlÅ… ^èlÌê-Ƈ¬-çÜ$¢¯é²Æ‡¬.

OÐðlG‹ÜBÆŠæ hÌêÏ l ÝùÐ]l$ÐéÆý‡… l òÜò³t…ºÆŠæ l 11 l 2017

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M.N. Rao

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A…§ýl$Ð]lËÏ C…rÆŠæ ѧéÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞÆý‡… ¯]l$…^ól ©Æý‡ƒM>ÍMýS {ç³×êãMýS™ø {í³õ³Æý‡ÐéÓÍ. Ð]l¬QÅ…V> ÑÑ«§ýl {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ ç³È„ýSË §ýl–ÚëtÅ G…ï³ïÜ Ñ§éÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ Ð]l$Ç…™èl gê{VýS™èl¢V> ^èl§ýlÐéÍ.

C…r-ÆŠæÌZ Ý뫧ýlÅOÐðl$¯]l…™èl GMýS$PÐ]l Ð]l*Æý‡$P-Ë$ Ý뫨…^èlyé°MìS MýS–íÙ ^ólçÜ*¢¯ól.. G…òÜsŒæ ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ G…{r¯ŒæÞ sñæçÜ$tËMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_¯]l A…Ô>ËOò³ §ýl–íÙt ÝëÇ…^éÍ.

Senior faculty, Sri Chaitanya Educational institutions

þ°Ä¶æ$ÆŠæ C…-rÆŠæ & çܯ]l²§ýl®™é Ñ«§é¯]l…

n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 6

Ð]l*-Æý‡$PË$, ÐðlƇ¬-sôæi {ç³M>Æý‡… ^èl*õÜ¢..

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VýS×ìæ™èl…ÌZ Ð]l¬…§ýl$V> Ð]l˜ÍM>…Ô>ËOò³ ç³r$t Ý뫨…^éÍ. {糫§é¯]l çÜ*{™éË°²…sìæ± ¯ør$Þ Æý‡*ç³…ÌZ Æ>çÜ$Mö° ç³#¯]lÔ¶æaÆý‡×æ ^ólĶæ$yýl… §éÓÆ> VýS$Æý‡$¢…^èl$MøÐéÍ. ™èlÆý‡VýS† VýS¨ÌZ »Z«¨…^ól ´ëu>Å…Ô>˯]l$ Gç³µsìæMýSç³#µyýl* ^èl§ýlÐéÍ. ™èlÆ>Ó™èl B A«§éÅ-Ķæ*°MìS çÜ…º…«¨…_ ™ðlË$VýS$ AM>-yýlÒ$ ç³#çÜ¢-M>-ÌZÏ° {ç³Ô¶æ²-Ë-°²…-sìæ± Ý뫨…^éÍ. ™èl§éÓÆ> VýSÇçÙt Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ Ý뫨…^èlÐ]l^èl$a. ѧéÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ Cç³µsìæ ¯]l$…^ól {ç³×ê-ãM>º§ýl®…V> ç³È„ýSËMýS$ çܯ]l²§ýl®Ð]l$ÐéÍ. ç³-¼ÏMŠæ ç³È„ýSË Mø×æ…ÌZ A† Ð]l¬QÅ-OÐðl$¯]l A«§éÅ-Ķæ*-˯]l$, M>¯ðlÞ-‹³t˯]l$ VýS$Ç¢…_ ÐésìæMìS A«¨MýS {´ë«§é¯]lÅ…

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MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION 1. From this chapter one Long Answer Question (LAQ - 7 marks) will appear in final inter exam.

2. In this chapter three methods are there i.e. Divisibility, Summation of series & Inequality.

3. Out of three methods divisibility & summation of series are important.

4. In EAMCET one question will occur from this chapter.

5. For JEE-Adv & JEE-Main mathematical induction interrelated to binomial theorem are important.

6. Principle of finite Mathematical Induction: Let S(n) be a statement for each n ∈N If i) S(1) is true ii) S(k) is true ⇒ S(k + 1) is true, then S(n) is true for all n ∈N. This is fundamental principle of mathematical induction.

7. Useful formulae: �

n(n + 1) 1 + 2 + 3 +...... + n = 2

�

12 + 22 + 32+ ........ + n2 =

�

C…rÈÃyìlÄñæ$sŒ

Long Answer Questions

WEIGHTAGE (7 MARKS) Using mathematical induction, prove the following ∀ n∈N 1. Prove that 3.52n + 1 + 23n + 1 is divisible by 17.

Sol. Let S(n) be the statement that 3.52n + 1 + 23n + 1 is divisible by 17 For n = 1, 3.52(1) + 1 + 23(1) + 1 = 3.53 + 24 = 375 + 16 = 391 = 17 × 23 is divisible by 17. ∴ S(1) is true.

Assume that S(k) is true 3.52k + 1 + 23k + 1 = 17m where m∈N ⇒ 3.52k + 1 = 17m – 23k + 1 We show that S(k + 1) is true ⇒ 3.52(k + 1) + 1 + 23(k + 1) + 1 = 3.52k + 1 . 52 + 23k + 1 . 23 = (17m – 23k + 1) 25 + 23k + 1 . 8 = 17m . 25 − 23k + 1 . 25 + 23k + 1 . 8 = 17m . 25 – 17 . 23k + 1 = 17(25m – 23k + 1) is divisible by 17 ∴ S(k + 1) is true. ∴ By principle of Mathematical Induction S(n) is true for all n∈Ν 2. Prove that 2.3 + 3.4 + 4.5 + .... upto n terms =

Ð]l*Å£ýlÐðl$sìæMŠæÞ {ç³™ólÅMýS…

that 2.3+3.4+4.5+....+(n+1)(n+2) n(n 2 + 6n + 11) = 3

3.

LHS = RHS ∴ S(n) is true for n = 1 Assume that S(n) is true for n = k 2.3+3.4+4.5+.....+ (k+1) (k+2) k(k 2 + 6k + 11) = 3

=

(k + 1)(2k + 1) (2k + 1)(2k + 3)

n = 2n + 1

=

k +1 k +1 = 2k + 3 2(k + 1) + 1

k(k 2 + 6k + 11) = + (k + 2)(k + 3) 3 k(k 2 + 6k + 11) + 3(k + 2)(k + 3) = 3 k 3 + 6k 2 + 11k + 3k2 + 15k +18 = 3

n 2n + 1

JUNIOR INTER MATHEMATICS - IA Student has to answer.. 10 Very Short Answer Questions, 5 Out of 7 Short Answer Questions and 5 out of 7 Long Answer Questions

MATHEMATICS - IA (Max. Marks 75) LAQ {7 Marks}

SAQ {4 Marks}

VSAQ {2 Marks}

Total

1 1

— —

2 —

11 7

1

1

—

11

— 1 1

1 1 1

2 1 2

8 13 15

2

1

2

22

—

1

—

4

—

1

—

4

1

Previous Questions (LAQ - 7 Marks)

1 1 = 1.3 3 1 1 RHS = = 2(1) + 1 3 LHS =

LHS = RHS ∴ S(n) is true for n = 1 Assume S(n) is true for n = k

=

2

1. Using mathematical induction prove that 1.2.3+2.3.4+3.4.5+ .... n Terms =

1 1 1 + + ... upto n Terms 1.4 4.7 7.10 n = 3n + 1

We show that S(n) is true for n=k+1 1

(AP IPE - March, 2017)

Adding (2k + 1)(2k + 3)

EAMCET Previous Questions

=

1. For any integer n≥1, n

∑ k(k + 2) = ?

1)

4   4 + −   2007 2008 

n(n + 1)(n + 2) n(n +1)(2n + 7) 2) 6 6

n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n −1)(2n +8) 3) 4) 6 6

Put in option (2):

2.3.(11) = 11 6

2. The remainder when 7n−6n−50 (n ∈ Ν) is divided by 36, is: (TS EAMCET-2016) 1) 22 2) 23 3) 1 4) 21 Hint: n = 1 ⇒ remainder = 23 1 3. If tn= 4 (n+2) (n+3) for n = 1,

2, 3... then

1 1 1 1 + + + ..... + = t1 t 2 t 3 t 2005

4004 3005 8020 3) 6024

1)

1

2)

3005 4004

4) None 4

Hint: t = (n + 2)(n + 3) n

4 4 − n + 2 n +3

 4 4   4 4   4 4 Now  −  +  −  +  −  + ....  3 4   4 5   5 6

(TS EAMCET-17)

Hint: Σ k(k+2) = 1.3+2.4+3.5 ... verify n=2: 1.3+2.4= 11

n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) 4

(TS IPE - March, 2017) 2. Using mathematical induction prove that:

k 2k + 1

k =1

—

Thus S(k) is true, S(k + 1) is true By principle of Mathematical Induction S(n) is true ∀ n ∈N.

1 1 1 1 + + + ..... + 1.3 3.5 5.7 (2n −1)(2n +1)

1 1 1 1 + + + .. + 1.3 3.5 5.7 (2k −1)(2k +1)

We show that S(n) is true for n=k+1 Adding (k + 2)(k + 3) on both sides 2.3 + 3.4 + 4.5 + ........ + (k + 1) (k + 2) + (k + 2) (k + 3)

k(2k + 3) + 1 (2k + 1)(2k + 3)

2k 2 + 3k + 1 = (2k + 1)(2k + 3)

For n = 1,

1(12 + 6(1) + 11) 18 RHS = = =6 3 3

2

—

=

k 1 + (2k + 1) (2k + 1)(2k + 3)

1 1 1 1 + + + ..... + 1.3 3.5 5.7 (2n −1)(2n +1)

=

For n = 1, LHS = 2.3 = 6

Sol: Let S(n) be the statement

Functions Mathematical Induction Properties of Triangle Vector Addition Vector Product Trigonometry upto Transformations Matrices & Determinants Trigonometric Equations Inverse Trigonometry Hyperbolic Functions

=

Sol: Let S(n) be the statement that

n(n + 6n + 11) 3

Chapter

1 1 1 + + + ....

1.3 3.5 5.7 1 1 + + (2k − 1)(2k + 1) (2k +1)(2k + 3)

Thus S(k) is true ∴ S(k + 1) is true By principle of Mathematical Induction S(n) is true ∀ n ∈N

13 + 23 + 33 + ......... + n3 = n 2 (n + 1) 2 4

on both sides

k 3 + 9k 2 + 26k + 18 = 3 k 3 + 9k 2 + 26k + 18 = 3 k 3 + 8k 2 + k2 +18k + 8k +18 = 3 2 (k + 1) ((k + 1) + 6(k +1) +11 ) = 3

4 4 8020 − = 3 2008 6024 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n Sn = then n

=

4.

S12 + S22 + S32 + .... + Sn2 = n 2n 2 + 9n + 13 ) ( 24 1 2n 2 + 9n + 13 ) 2) ( 24 n2 2n 2 + 9n + 13 ) 3) ( 24

1)

4)

n 2n 2 − 9n + 13 ) ( 24

Hint: Put n = 2 and verify the options.

S12 + S22 = 1 +

9 13 = 4 4

5. 43+53+63+ .... +103 = 1) 1905 2) 2358 3) 2447 4) 2989 10

3

Hint: ∑ n −∑ r c n =1

3

r =1

3

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 11,  2017-  

The first line in Balmer series is?

ATOMIC STRUCTURE Conti.. from September 7th

JUNIOR INTER

Krupakar Pendli Senior IIT Faculty, Hyderabad

7893774888

CHEMISTRY

08

 11,  2017-  

64. -    ?

1)  2)  3)   4)  65.    ?

1)      2)      3)    4)    66.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4) 

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67.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  68. ,     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  69.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  70.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4) 

    ?  

1.    ?

1)    2)   3)    4)     2.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  3.   ?

1)  2)   3)   4)   4.    ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  5.    ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  6.    ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  7.    ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  8.      29  ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  9.    ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  10.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  11.    ?

1)     2)     3)     4)     12.          ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  13.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  14.      ?

1)   2)     3)    4)   15.          ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  16.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  17.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4) 

  

18.        ?

1) () 2)    3)   4)   19.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  20.   ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  21.    ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  22.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  23.         ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  24.       ?

1)   2)   3)   4)    25.    ?

1)  -  2)  3)  -  4) -  26.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  27.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  28.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  29.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  30.         ?

1) -  2)  -  3)  -  4)  -  31.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  32. , ,    ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  33.           ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  34.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  35.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  36.   ..

1)  2)  3)   4)  37.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  38.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  39.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  40.     ?

1)   -  2)   -  3)   -  4)  -  41.       ?

1) ,  2) ,  3) ,  4) ,  42.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  43.        ?

1) ,  2) ,  3) ,  4) ,  44.         ?

1) ,  2) ,  3) ,  4) ,  45.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  46.    ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  47.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  48.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  49.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  50.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  51.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  52. -     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  53.      ?

1)  21 2)  22 3)  23 4)  24 54.          ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  55.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  56.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  57. ,    ?

1) ,  2) ,  3) ,  4) ,  58.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  59.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  60.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  61.    ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  62.    ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  63.     ?

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Ççéπ~©’ Ö†o Å°æpöÀ Oüμ¿’©’ ñ„j ûÁ©ç-í¬ù EØ√üΔ©ûÓ éπ∞¡-éπ-∞¡-™«-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®·. Ææy®√-≥ƒZEo Ææ-´’≠œd ߪ’ïc癫 °æ¤†-Jo-®√tùç îËߪ÷L. ûÁ©ç-í¬ù ïØ√-EéÀ ´·çü¿’í¬ é¬´-©-ÆœçC éπúø’°æ¤ Eçú≈ AçúÕ, éπçöÀ Eçú≈ Evü¿, Í®°æöÀ í∫’Jç* •’í∫’©’ ™‰E @Nûªç. ûÁ©çí¬ùèπ◊ FöÀ§ƒ®Ω’-ü¿© ®Ωçí∫ç™ ïJ-T† ÅØ√uߪ÷Eo îªéπ\-C-ü¿lúøç äéπ •%£æ«-û√\®Ωuç. Ææyûªçvûª ûÁ©ç-í¬ù ÅGμ-´%Cl¥ ¶«ô™ °æߪ’-E-Ææ’hçC. v°æ°æç-î√-EéÀ Çü¿-®Ωzçí¬ E©’-Ææ’hçC.

9. @´† -¶μ«≠æuç ✪

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F∞¡xûÓ Ö†o ´’•’s©’ ûË´’èπ◊ •®Ω’¢Áj ´®Ω{癫 ´ÊÆh, ´’†-Ææ’-™E ÇçüÓ-∞¡-†©’, ¶«üμ¿©’, *çûª©’ éπFo-∞¡Ÿxí•ßª’-ôèπ◊ ´≤ƒh®·.

Nïߪ’ç éÓÆæç ´ÊÆh éπ≥ƒd©’, Åúøfç-èπ◊©’ -á-ü¿’®Ω-´¤-û√ߪ’-E ™éπç ¶μºßª’-°-öÀd-†-°æ¤púø’, E®Ω’-û√q-£æ«-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ †úÕÊÆh Nïߪ’ç -´-JÆæ’hç-C. °æEéÀ®√-E ØË©™ éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ ü¿’Eo, N¨»y-ÆæçûÓ Nûªh-Ø√©’ Ø√öÀûË ´’ç* °æçô©’ °æçúø’-û√®·. †©’-í∫’®Ω’ ´’†’-≠æfl©’ Ææ£æ«-é¬-®ΩçûÓ @NÊÆh džçü¿ç üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’çC. Å™«çöÀ ´’†’-≠æfl©’ éπLÊÆh äéπ Ü®Ω’ à®Ωp-úø’-ûª’çC. áçûª áûª’hèπ◊ áC-TØ√ àüÓ ®Ω÷°æç™ Ææ´’Ææu© °æKéπ~ Öçô’çC. £œ«´÷-©ßª’ °æ®Ωyûª Pê®Ωç ¢ËúÕéÀ éπJT, †Cí¬ ´÷J†ô’x, áçûª íÌ°æp ´’E-≠œ-™E í∫®Ωy-¢Á’iØ√ F®Ω’ é¬J-§Ú¢√-LqçüË.

I had never had any...

ENGLISH Directions (Q 1-10): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (5).

1. If there is (1)/ one person I care (2)/ for, it is (3)/ my mother. (4)/ No error (5).

2. It will also (1)/ take your mind (2)/ from your failure (3)/ and encourage you. (4)/ No error (5).

3. Independence of the (1)/ judiciary is another (2)/ special characteristic in (3)/ the Indian constitution. (4)/ No error (5).

4. The federal system imply (1)/ existence of dual governments (2)/ and division of powers between (3)/ the union and the state (4)/ No error (5).

5. The objective is (1)/ not only to identify (2)/ the error but (3)/ also to rectify it. (4)/ No error (5).

6. The longest railway (1)/ tunnel in India (2)/ is complete and (3)/ ready for commission.

(4)/ No error (5).

7. Bureaucracy plays an (1)/ important role in (2)/ the economic development (3)/ in the country. (4)/ No error (5).

8. In contrast with materialism (1)/ idealism denies (2)/ the objective (3)/ character of

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®Ω-·-ûª -T-Jo -Åç-ñ«íı-ú˛ -N-≠æ-ߪ’ -E°æ¤-ù’-©’

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categories. (4)/ No error (5).

9. He has the habit (1)/ of landing him (2)/ in trouble at (3)/ every possible opportunity. (4)/ No error (5).

10. Partymen are confident that he will revive (1)/ the organization, which is struggling (2)/ to come to terms (3)/ with successive election debacles. (4)/ No error (5).

Directions (Q. 11 - 20): Which of the phrases 1), 2), 3) and 4) given below should replace the phrase given in bold in the following sentence to make the sentence grammatically meaningful and correct. If the sentence is correct as it is and no correction is required, mark 5) as the answer.

11. It is not a good thing that only high officials have access to the Governor.

1) are accessible to 2) have acceded to 3) have accede to 4) have accessibility for 5) No correction required 12. A dam was proposed to be build at that site.

1) built at that sight 2) build at that sight 3) built at that site 4) built at that cite 5) No correction required 13. He had accused of various offences by his colleagues.

1) was being accused for 2) accused of 3) accused for 4) was accused of 5) No correction required 14. You should not lie the blame for the accident upon the driver.

1) lay the blame for 2) lie the blame of 3) impose the blame with 4) laid the blame for

5) No correction required 15. The innocence and playfulness of a child exists in all human beings.

1) a child exist in 2) the child existence in 3) child does exist in 4) a child exist with 5) No correction required 16. I had never had any serious injury or ailment in my life.

1) did never had 2) have never been 3) was never have 4) have never been having 5) No correction required 17. I was touching with pity when I heard that he had died.

1) I was touched by 2) I was touched with 3) I had been touching with 4) I had been touching by 5) No correction required 18. I would accept the offer if I were you.

1) even if I were you 2) if I had in your place 3) had I being you 4) had been I in your place 5) No correction required 19. The explorers had frozen to death due to extremely low temperature.

1) had become freezed to death 2) had been frozen for death 3) had frozen and died 4) had been frozen to death 5) No correction required

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G®Ω’-ü¿’©’, Ææû√\-®√-©ûÓ ®√E N©’´ íÌ°æp °æ†’-©ûÓ û√uí∫çí¬ ELÊÆh Ê°®Ω’ ¨»¨¡y-ûªçí¬ EL-*-§Ú-ûª’çC.

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´‚úø’ éÓô-©ûÓ, ô÷d àúø’ ¢Á’i∞¡xûÓ, 87 •’’®Ω’-V©ûÓ, 8 ü¿®√y-ñ«-©ûÓ ü¿éÀ~-ù«† v°æÆœCl¥í¬ç-*-† °æôdùç – íÓ©-éÌçúø °æôdùç íÓ©-éÌçúø °æôdù E®√tù °æü∑¿éπ éπ®Ωh – Çïç-ë«Ø˛ Év•£‘«ç èπ◊ûª’-¶¸≥ƒ °æôd-ùç™ ¶μº´-Ø√©’, üË¢√-©ßª÷©’, ´’Æ‘-ü¿’©’, üμ¿®Ωt-¨»-©©’, ®Ω¢Á÷u-üΔu-Ø√©’, §ƒ®∏Ω¨»-©©’, 12 Gμé¬~ -í∫%£æ…©†’ EJtçî√®Ω’. †U-Ø√-¶«í˚, C™¸-èπ◊≥ƒ ¶μº´-Ø√©’, ߪ·ü¿l¥ ÂÆjE-èπ◊-©èπ◊ È®çúø’ ¶«®Ω-é¬-Ææ’©’ ÖçúËN. N’üÁl© O’C ûÓô©’, -¨¡-ߪ÷©’, ï©-§ƒ-û√©’ Ǩ¡a-®√uEo éπL-Tç-îËN. 'üÌúøf ¶«™s¢√— ÅØË ´%éπ~ç, 'éπö®√ £æ«´¤V— ÅØË ï™«-¨¡ßª’ç ÖçúË-N. ´vñ«-©èπ◊ íÓ©-éÌçúø °æ¤öÀd-E©’x. ûÁ©ç-í¬ù Ñ>°ˇd ´÷CJ v°æ°æç-îª°æ¤ Åçí∫-úÕí¬ v°æë«u-A-îÁç-CçC. íÓ©-éÌçúø §ƒü¿’-≥ƒ©’ ≤ƒ£œ«-B-v°œ-ߪ·©’. Åü¿lçéÀ í∫çí¬üμ¿®Ω éπN -û√-†’ ®√Æœ-† ûª°æB Ææç´-®Ω-ùÓ-§ƒ-ë«u-Ø√-Eo èπ◊ûª’-¶¸-≥ƒèπ◊ ÅçéÀ-ûª-N’-î√aúø’. íÓ©-éÌçúø °æôd-ùç™ >çéπ-©-´†ç, vüΔéπ~-ûÓ-ô©’ ÖçúËN. íÓ©-éÌçúø °æôd-ùç-™E ¢√®Ωç-ü¿®Ω÷ ´’ØÓ-£æ«-®Ω-¢Á’i† ´·ê-´-®ΩaÆæ’q éπLT, Çô-§ƒ-ô-©ûÓ NØÓ-ü¿çûÓ í∫úÕ-Ê°¢√®Ω’. íÓ©-éÌçúø °æôd-ù«Eo 1687 ™ -¢Á·í∫-™¸ -îª-véπ-´-Jh å®Ωçí∫-ñ‰-¶¸ ¢Á÷Ææ°æ‹J-ûªçí¬ ï®·ç* Ææ®Ωy-Ø√-¨¡†ç î˨»úø’.

Writer - B. Krishna Kumar

Senior Faculty, BSC Academy 20. He found the torch there where he had left it.

1) where there he had left 2) there he had left 3) where he had left 4) there where he left it.

5) No correction required

Answers 1-3; Substitute she for it 2-3; It will also take your mind off your failure and encourage you.

3-3; Independence of the judiciary is an other special characteristic of the Indian constitution.

4-1; The federal system implies existence of dual governments and division of powers between the union and the state.

5-5; 6-4; The longest railway tunnel in India is complete and ready for commissioning.

7-4; Bureaucracy plays an important role in the economic development of the country.

8-1; In contrast to materialism idealism denies the objective character of categories.

9-2; He has the habit of landing himself in trouble at every possible opportunity.

10-4; Replace election with electoral.

11-5 12-3 13-4 14-1 15-3 16-5 17-2 18-5 19-4 20-3.

þ¼÷ªî¦ô¢Ù 11 -šúšídÙñô¢ª 2017

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v°æ´·ê ¶μ«®Ωûª ¨»ÆæY-¢Ëûªh, é¬Æœté˙ éÀ®Ω-ù«© Åüμ¿u-ߪ’†ç™ N¨Ï≠æ éπ%≠œ- îË-Æœ† v§Ò°∂-Ææ®˝ ߪ’¨¸-§ƒ™¸ (90) 2017 V™„j 24 † -ØÓ®·ú≈™ ´’®Ω-ùÀç-î √®Ω’. ✦ ≤Òçûªçí¬ ®Óü¿Æ œ v°æßÁ÷-í¬©’ îË°æ-ôd-ú≈-EéÀ ¶μ«®Ωûª v°æ¶μº’ûªyç Å£æ«t-üΔ-¶«-ü˛™ ØÁ©-éÌ-Lp† ÊÆpÆˇ Å°œx-Íé≠æØ˛q ÂÆçô®˝ (áÆˇ-àÆ‘)éÀ ûÌL úÁjÈ®-éπd-®˝í¬ ´u´-£æ«Jç-î√®Ω’. ✦ 1986 †’ç* 1991 ´®Ωèπ◊ ߪ‚@Æ‘ îμÁj®Ωt-Ø˛í´u´-£æ«-Jç-î√®Ω’. §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»© NüΔu-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ °æ¤Ææh-鬩 ¶μ«®√Eo ûªT_ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ 1992 ™ Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç v§Ò°∂-Ææ®˝ ߪ’¨¸-§ƒ™¸ Åüμ¿u-éπ~-ûª† éπN’-öÃE Eߪ’-N’ç*çC. '™„Joçí˚ Nûˆö¸ •È®f-Ø˛— Ê°®Ω’ûÓ Ñ éπN’öà v°æ¶μº’-û√y-EéÀ E¢Ë-Céπ Ææ´’-Jpç-*çC. ✦ Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶ºμ’ûªyç 1976 ™ °æü¿t¶ - ºμ÷≠- ùæ ˝, 2013 ™ °æü¿t-N-¶μº÷-≠æù˝©ûÓ ßª’¨¸-§ƒ-™ ¸†’ Ææûª\-Jç-*çC. ߪ·ØÁ≤Ú\ †’ç* 2009 ™ éπRçí∫ Å¢√-®Ω’†f ’ §ÒçüΔ®Ω’. ®Ω-·-ûª – Ƒ£«-î˝. éπ%-≠æg-v°æ≤ƒ-ü˛ -N-≠æ-ߪ’ -E°æ¤-ù’-©’

3

1. ""GÐèþÆæÿ$ C…Mö-MæüÇ Mæü$Ë Vø{™é-˯èþ$, gꆰ Ayæþ-Væü-Mæü*yæþ§æþ$'' A° ÐèþM>P-×ìý…_¯èþ¨ GÐèþÆæÿ$?

1. Mæü½ÆŠÿ 2. Æ>Ðèþ*-¯èþ…§æþ 3. Æ>Ðèþ*-¯èþ$f 4. ^ðþO™èþ¯èþÅ 2. } Ææÿ…Væü… ¯èþ$…yìþ Mæü…_Mìü º¨Î ^óþÄæý$-º-yìþ¯èþ ÐðþOçÙ~Ðèþ ï³uæÿ… {Mìü…¨ Ðé°ÌZ H¨?

1. ç³#…yæþ-È-M>„æü 2. ÐèþÆæÿ-§é-^éÆæÿÅ 3. Ðóþ§é…™èþ §óþÕM>^éÇ 4. Äæý$Ðèþ$$¯é^éÆæÿÅ 3. Í…V>-Äæý$™Œþ E§æþÅÐèþ$ Ýë¦ç³-Mæü$yæþ$ GÐèþÆæÿ$?

1. ºçÜ-Ðèþ-Æ>k 2. Æ>Ðèþ*-¯èþ$f 3. Ôèý…Mæü-Æ>-^éÆæÿÅ 4. Mæü…º¯Œþ 4. ""¯èþ–™èþÅ Ææÿ™é²-Ðèþ-ã° fÄæý$ç³ õÜ¯é° GÐèþÇ ç³Ç-´ë-˯èþ M>Ë-Ðèþ$$ÌZ Ææÿ_…^ðþ¯èþ$?

1. Ææÿ${§æ-§óþÐèþ 2. Væü×ý-糆 §óþÐèþ 3. Ææÿ${§æþ-Ðèþ$-§óþÑ 4. {ç³™éç³ Ææÿ${§æþ 5. M>Mæü-¡Äæý$ Ýë{Ðèþ*-gêÅ°² GÐèþÇ M>Ë…ÌZ Ðèþ*ÆøP-´ùÌZ çÜ…§æþ-ÇØ…^éyæþ$?

1. Væü×ý-糆 §óþÐèþ#yæþ$ 2. Ðèþ$à-§óþ-Ðèþ#yæþ$ 3. Ææÿ${§æþÐèþ$ §óþÑ 4. Ææÿ${§æþ §óþÐèþ#yæþ$ 6. çßý¯èþ$Ðèþ$ Mö…yæþ-ÌZ° ÐðþÆÿ$$Å çܦ…»êË Væü$yìþ °Æ>Ùèþ?

1. Ææÿ${§æþ-§óþÐèþ 2. Væü×ý-糆 §óþÐèþ 3. {ç³™é-ç³-Ææÿ${§æþ 4. Ææÿ${§æþ-Ðèþ$-§óþÑ 7. Æ>gêÅ-«¨-M>-Æ>°² ^óþh-MìüP…^èþ$-Mø-Ðèþ-sê-°Mìü Ðèþ$$…§æþ$ M>Mæü¡-Äæý$$Ë$ GÐèþ-ÇMìü ÝëÐèþ$…™èþ$Ë$?

1. §óþÐèþ-WÇ Äæý*§æþ-Ðèþ#-ËMæü$ 2. Ðóþ…X ^éâæý$-Mæü$Å-ËMæü$ 3. §éÓÆæÿçÜÐèþ${§æþ… çßZÄæý$-Ýëâæý$-ËMæü$ 4. MæüâêÅ×ìý ^éâæý$-Mæü$Å-ËMæü$ 8. M>Mæü-¡-Äæý$$Ë À†¢-_-{™éË$ Mæü¯èþ-º-yæþ$-¯èþ¨?

1. ¯éVæü$Ë ´ëyæþ$ÌZ 2. í³ËÏË Ðèþ${ÇÌZ 3. ¯èþVæü$-¯èþ*-Ææÿ$ÌZ 4. {º$Væü$-Væü-yæþzÌZ 9. {MîüçÜ$¢ÔèýMæü… 1000&1323 M>Ë…ÌZ B…{«§æþ §óþÔé°² ´ëÍ…_…¨?

1. M>Mæü-¡-Äæý$$Ë$ 2. Ôé™èþ-Ðé-çßý-¯èþ$Ë$ 3. AçÜ‹œ gêïßýË$ 4. Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ Æ>kË$ 10. ÑÐéçßý 糯èþ$²¯èþ$ ç³NÇ¢Væü Eç³-çÜ…çßý-Ç…^èþ$-Mö°¯èþ Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ Æ>k GÐèþÆæÿ$?

1. Mæü–çÙ~-§óþ-Ðèþ-Æ>-Äæý$Ë$ 2. Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ §óþÐèþ-Æ>-Äæý$Ë$ 3. A^èþ$aÅ-™èþ-Æ>-Äæý$Ë$ 4. çܧé-Õ-Ðèþ-Æ>-Äæý$Ë$ 11. §æþ„ìü-×ý-Ðèþ$$¯èþ Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ Æ>k-ËMæü$ {糫§é¯èþ ÑÆø-«§æþ$ÌñýO¯èþ çÜ$Ìê¢-¯èþ$Ë$ GÐèþÆæÿ$?

1. ºçßý-Ðèþ$° Æ>kË$ 2. çßZÄæý$ÝëË$Ë$

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3. ÐèþÆæÿ…VæüÌŒý Æ>kË$ 4. Ðèþ$«§æþ$ÆðÿO Æ>kË$ 12. ÑfÄæý$¯èþVæüÆæÿ Ýë{Ðèþ*-fÅÐèþ$$ Äñý$$MæüP AÐèþ-Ôóý-Úë-˯èþ$ GMæüPyæþ ^èþ*yæþ-Ðèþ-^èþ$a¯èþ$?

1. ½gê-ç³NÆŠÿ 2. çßý…ï³ 3. ºÆøyé 4. VøÌŸP…yæþ 13. çßZÄæý$-ÝëË Æ>fÅ… A…†-Ðèþ$…V> H Æ>fÅ…™ø MæüÍíÜ ´ùÆÿ$$…¨?

1. ç³ËÏ-Ðèþ#Ë$ 2. {糡-à-Ææÿ$Ë$ 3. Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ Æ>kË$ 4. ºçßý-Ðèþ$° Æ>kË$ 14. Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ Ýë{Ðèþ*-fÅ-Ðèþ$$¯èþ$ Væü*Ça Vöç³µV> ´÷Wyìþ¯èþ CsÎ Äæý*{†-Mæü$yæþ$?

1. »êÆø¾Ýë 2. Ðèþ*ÆøP-´ùÌZ 3. °Mø-ÌZ-M>…sîý 4. sêÐŒþ$ òœOÆŠÿÞ 15. Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ Ýë{Ðèþ*fÅ °Æ>Ã-™èþ-ÌñýO¯èþ çßýÇ-çßÆæÿ Ðèþ$ÇÄæý$$ º$MæüP-Æ>-Äæý$Ë ™èþ…{yìþ GÐèþÆæÿ$?

1. †ËMŠü 2. VøQÌôý 3. V>…«© 4. Æ>gê Æ>ÐŒþ$-Ððþ*-çßý¯Œþ Æ>ÄŒý$ 33. Ðèþ$çßý-Ðèþ$Ã-§æþ¯Œþ B…VøÏ & KÇ-Äæý$…rÌŒý yìþòœ¯ŒþÞ AÝù-íÜÄôý$-çÙ¯Œþ (1893) ° {´ëÆæÿ…À…_-¯èþ¨?

1. º{§æþ$-¨ª¯Œþ ™éÅ»Œýh 2. sìý.»ñýMŠü 3. G.G‹Ü. ÝëÐèþ$*Å-ÌŒý-çܯŒþ 4. çÜÄæý$ŧŠþ Açßý-Ðèþ$çŠþ Rꯌþ 34. {¼sîý-‹Ù-ÐéÆæÿ$, çßý…rÆŠÿ MæüÒ$-çÙ-¯ŒþMæü$ §óþ°° ç³Ç-ÔZ-«§æþ¯èþ ^óþÄæý$$-rMæü$ HÆ>µr$ ^óþíÜ-¯éÆæÿ$?

1. ^úÈ & ^úÆ> çÜ…çœ$-r¯èþ 2. ºÆøzÎ çÜ™éÅ-{Væü-çßýÐèþ$$ 3. fÍ-Äæý$¯Œþ ÐéÌê »êVŠü §æþ$Ææÿƒ-r¯èþ 4. SÌê-眙Œþ B…§ø-âæý¯èþ 35. §æþ„ìü×ý ¿êÆæÿ™èþ Ðèþ$¯èþ$ A° GÐèþ-Ç° A…sêÆæÿ$ ?

1. Aç³-çÜ¢…¿æý$-yæþ$ 2. ¿æý{§æþ-»ê-çßý$yæþ$ 3. AVæü-çÜ$¦üÅ-yæþ$ 4. †Ææÿ$-Ðèþ-âæý$å-ÐèþÆŠÿ 36. BsZ Ððþ$$»ñýOÌŒýÞ ™èþÄæý*Ææÿ$ ^óþÄæý$$ Ðèþ$ÇÄæý$$ íÙí³µ…Væü$ òÜ…rÆæÿ$ E¯èþ² ò³§æþª ´ëÇ-{Ôé-Ñ$Mæü ç³rt-×ýÐèþ$$ H¨ ?

1. ¯øÆÿ$$-yé 2. ^ðþ¯ðþO² 3. yðþ{sZ-Æÿ$$-sŒý 4. A…sñýÓ-ÆŠÿ‹³ 37. A†-ò³§æþª Ðèþ$ÇÄæý$$ ÌZ™ðþO¯èþ ™égê ±sìý çÜÆæÿçÜ$Þ òÜO½-ÇÄæý*ÌZ GMæüPyæþ E…¨ ?

1. »ñýOMæü-ÌŒý 2. {VóüsŒý-»ôý-ÆŠ-ÌôýMŠü 3. ºÌêP-‹Ù 4. sìýsìý-M>M> 38. sñýO-{Vðü‹Ü Ðèþ$Ç-Äæý$$ Äæý$*{íœ-r‹Ü ¯èþ§æþ$Ë MæüË-Æÿ$$-Mæü™ø ™èþÄæý*-ÆðÿO¯èþ ¯èþ¨ ?

2. »ñý…sìýMŠü 1. õÙ»ñýÎ ¯èþ¨ 3. Írt¯Œþ 2. çÙsŒýt&AÌŒý&AÆ滌ý 4. MæüÆæÿj¯Œþ 3. ¯ðþOÌŒý 4. AÐèþ$$ÆŠÿ ¯èþ¨ 27. D {Mìü…¨ ÐéÇÌZ H VæüÐèþ-Ææÿ²ÆŠÿ f¯èþ-ÆæÿÌŒý "{yé{Mìüt¯Œþ B‹œ ÌêÅ‹³Þ' ™ø çÜ…º…«§æþ-Ðèþ$$¯èþ$ MæüÍW E…yðþ¯èþ$?

39. Ðèþ$Äæý$-¯éÃÆŠÿ Ðèþ$ÇÄæý$$ C…yìþÄæý* Ðèþ$«§æþÅ E…yóþ çÜÇçßý§æþ$ª ?

1. M>ÆŠÿ²-Ðé-Í‹Ü 1. AÆæÿP¯Œþ Äñý*Ðèþ* 2. Çç³µ¯Œþ 2. sñýO¯Œþ-Ú믌þ 3. MæüÆæÿj¯Œþ 3. Ñ$¯éÅ V>…VŠü-Mæü-ÆŠÿ 4. yæþÌŒý-çßoïÜ 4. ò³Væü$ Äñý*Ðèþ* 28. Æ>gêÅ-«¨-ç³-†^óþ »ñý…V>ÌŒý {糫§é¯èþ ¯éÅÄæý$ Ý릯èþ-Ðèþ$$¯èþ$ 40. C…-yø-¯óþ-íÙÄæý* Mö…yæþ ©Óç³…ÌZ íßý…§æþ$-Ðèþ#Ë$ GMæü$P-ÐèþHÆ>µr$ V>Ñ…ç³-º-yìþ¯èþ çÜ…Ðèþ-™èþÞ-ÆæÿÐèþ$$?

V> E…yóþ {糧óþÔèý… ?

1. 1776 1. gêÐé 2. 1777 2. çÜ$Ðèþ*{™é 3. 1774 3. ÌZ…º-MŠü 4. 1775 4.- »ê-Î 29. Ææÿ…´ë †Ææÿ$-Væü$-»êr$ fÇ-W¯èþ M>ËÐèþ$$?

41. ^ðþ…^èþ$ gê† {ç³fË$ D Mö…yæþ {糧óþ-Ôèý…ÌZ °Ðèþ-íÜ-çÜ$¢1. 1922&1924 ¯é²Ææÿ$?

2. 1919&1920 1. ¯èþËÏ-Ðèþ$-ÌñýO 3. 1921&1922 2. ´ëË-Mö…yæþ 4. 1925&1926 3. ÔóýÚë-^èþ-Ë…

30. §æþÓ…§æþÓ ç³Ç-´ë-˯èþ Ñ«§é-¯èþ-Ðèþ$$ÌZ, {´ë…¡Äæý$ {糿æý$4. ÐðþÍ-Vö…yæþ ™èþÓ-Ðèþ$$-ËMæü$ GMæü$PÐèþ A«¨-M>-Ææÿ-Ðèþ$$-˯èþ$ C_a…¨?

1. C…yìþ-Äæý$¯Œþ Mú°ÞÌŒýÞ ^èþrtÐèþ$$ 1892 fÐé-º$Ë$ 2. ¿êÆæÿ™èþ {糿æý$™èþÓ ^èþrtÐèþ$$ 1909 1.1 2.2 3.1 4.2 3. ¿êÆæÿ™èþ {糿æý$™èþÓ ^èþrtÐèþ$$ 1919 5.3 6.1 7.1 8.2 4. V>…«© & CÇÓ¯Œþ Jyæþ…º-yìþMæü 10.1 11.1 12.2 31. Æ>gê-Æ>ÐŒþ$Ððþ*çßý¯Œþ Æ>ÄŒý$ Ýë¦í³…_¯èþ {Mö™èþ¢ Ðèþ$™èþ 9.1 14.3 15.1 16.2 çÜ…çܦ {ºçßýà çÜ¿æý, ™èþÆæÿ$-Ðé™èþ M>Ë-Ðèþ$$ÌZ {ºçßZÃ-çÜ- 13.3 18.4 19.4 20.1 Ðèþ*-gŒýV> õ³Æö…¨¯èþ¨, C¨ HÆ>µ-sñýO¯èþ çÜ…Ðèþ-™èþÞ-ÆæÿÐèþ$$? 17.1 21.2 22.4 23.2 24.2 1. 1826 25.2 26.3 27.4 28.3 2. 1829 29.1 30.3 31.2 32.4 3. 1934 33.4 34.3 35.3 36.3 4. 1836 37.1 38.2 39.3 40.4 32. ¿êÆæÿ™èþ ç³#¯èþ-Ææÿ$-§æþ®-Ææÿ×ý í³™é-Ðèþ$-çßý$-yæþ° GÐèþÆæÿ$ í³Ë$-Ðèþ41.1 º-yìþÇ?

2. Væü$Ææÿ$ AÆæÿ$j-¯Œþ-§óþÐŒþ 3. Væü$Ææÿ$-™óþgŒý ºçßý-§æþ*ÆŠÿ 4. Væü$Ææÿ$ ¯é¯èþ-MŠü-§óþÐŒþ 22. Mæü$Ë ç³§æþ®-†° Ææÿ§æþ$ª ^óþÄæý$-sê-°MðüO, A…§æþ-ÇMîü JMóü Ðèþ…r Væü¨ ° Ððþ$$§æþË$ ò³sìýt…¨?

1. Væü$Ææÿ$ AÐèþ$ÆŠÿ §é‹Ü 2. Væü$Ææÿ$ A…Væü§Šþ 3. Væü$Ææÿ$ Æ>…§é‹Ü 4. Væü$Ææÿ$ AÆæÿ$j¯Œþ 23. ÕMæü$P Ðèþ$™èþ… ÌZ…_ 1851ÌZ BÑ-ÆæÿÂ-Ñ…_¯èþ Æ>«§éÝëÓÑ$ çÜ™èþÞ…VŠü Ýë¦ç³-Mæü$-yðþ-ÐèþÆæÿ$?

1. §æþÄæý*ÌŒý §é‹Ü 2. ÕÐèþ §æþÄæý*ÌŒý Q{† 3. Æ>ÐŒþ$-™èþ¯èþ* ÌêíßýÇ 4. »ê»ê »êËMŠü íÜ…VŠü 24. Ðèþ$à-Æ>gê Ææÿ×ý-i™Œþ íÜ…VŠü Ýë¦í³…_¯èþ íÜMæü$P Æ>gêÅ°Mìü Æ>f-«§é° H¨?

1. Ðèþ$$ÌêϯŒþ 2. ÌêçßZÆŠÿ 3. ò³Úë-ÐèþÆŠÿ 4. AÐèþ$–™Œþ-çÜÆŠÿ 25. »ñý…VŠüÌŒý ™èþÆæÿ$-Ðé™èþ B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$Ë$ õÜÓ^èþe Ðé×ìýfÅ çßýMæü$P- ˯èþ$ ´÷…¨¯èþ A«¨°ÐóþÔèý Æ>fÅÐèþ$$ H¨?

1. AÐèþ§Šþ ¯èþÐé-º$ 2. òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê§Šþ ¯ðþOgê-ÐŒþ$ 3. »ñý¯é-Ææÿ‹Ü Æ>gê 4. ¿æýÆæÿ-™Œþ-ç³NÆŠÿ gêsŒý-Ë$ 26. Ðèþ*™èþ–-¿ê-çÙÌZ ç³{†Mæü Ææÿ…Væü / çÜÐèþ*-^éÆæÿ ^èþrtÐèþ$$ D {Mìü…¨ ÐéÇÌZ GÐèþÇ AÐèþ-«¨ÌZ BÐðþ*-¨…^èþ-º-yìþ-¯èþ¨?

1. ÐéÆðÿ¯Œþ õßýíÜt…VŠüÞ

GENERAL AWARENESS 1. çßZÆÿ$$-Ýëâæý Æ>k 2. M>Mæü-¡Äæý$ Æ>k 3. Äæý*§æþÐèþ Æ>k 4. Ðóþ…X&^éâæý$MæüÅ Ðèþ…Ôèýç³# Æ>k 16. Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ Ýë{Ðèþ*fÅÐèþ$$¯èþ…§æþÍ ç³Ç-´ë-Ë-¯é-«¨M>Ææÿ {Ôóý×ìý?

1. ¯éÄæý$Mæü 2. AÐèþ$-Ææÿ-¯é-Äæý$Mæü 3. BÄæý*-V>-Æ>Ë$ 4. §æþ…yæþ-¯é-Äæý$-Mæü$Ë$ 17. Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ Ýë{Ðèþ*fÅ {ç³f-ËMæü$ ç³Ç-_-™èþ-Ððþ$O¯èþ ç³…r?

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