Education_13-10-2018 by Mahesh Yadav

��

Á‹tyÓ˛

—fƒÊ˝$–ÈyÊ˛ ∑ ‘Ë˝∞–ÈΔÊˇÖ 13 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

www.andhrajyothy com

`Δ>À&ı≥Δ>À EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞≤ ∞ΔÊˇ”Ìﬂ˝Ö_Ö®? V>Ö´©i Δ>MÊ¸ô¯ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ gÍ°ƒÒ˝*ßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ –ö˛$Õ ßÊ˛‘Ë˝ BΔÊˇÖøÊ˝–˛$OÖ®. º{sÏ˝ãŸ ¥ÎÀØË˛MÊ¸$ –ö˛≈Ü ΔÛˇMÊ¸ÖV> V>Ö´© Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸‡∞≤ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö ^ÈΔÊˇ$. Δ˙Àô¨˛ ^Ë˛sÍt∞≤ ∞ΔÊˇ’Á‹*¢ ¥˘Δ>rÖ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ ÁúÕôË˛ÖV> –ö˛$$Ì‹œÖÀ ∞ΔÊˇ‘Ë˝ØË˛Àô¯ SÃÍÁ≥ô¨˛ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö BΔÊˇÖøÊ˝–˛$OÖ®. ©∞MÏ¸ MÊ¸*yë V>Ö´© –ö˛$ßÊ˛™ôË˛$ ô˛Õ¥ÎΔÊˇ$. fÕƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛ –ÈÃÍªÍVä¸ –ö˛*ΔÊˇ◊˝ M>ÖyÊ˛ØË˛$ ∞ΔÊˇ’Á‹*¢ Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$ ∞Δ>MÊ¸ΔÊˇ◊ZßÊ˛≈ –ö˛*∞≤ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. {ºsÏ˝ÁŸΔÊˇ$œ Á≥‘Ë˝ì–ö˛#À –Û˛$ôË˛, EÁ≥#µ “$ßÊ˛ Á≥ØË˛$≤À$ –Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Öô¯ –ö˛$«Mˆ∞≤ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*À$ f«V>Δˇ$$. “r∞≤ÖsÏ˝ VÊ¸$«Ö_ —–ö˛ΔÊˇÖV> ô˛À$Á‹$MÊ¸$ÖßëÖ.......

øÍΔÊˇôË˛ gÍ°ƒÒ˝*ßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö –ö˛$Õ ßÊ˛‘Ë˝ (1919 & 1947) ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦

V>Ö´©i 1915ÃZ ßÊ˛ÑÏ¸◊Í{ÌúM> ØË˛$Ö_ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ßÛ˛‘È∞MÏ¸ –ö˛^ÈaΔÊˇ$. 1916ÃZ Á‹∫ΔÊˇ√° B{‘Ë˝–ö˛*∞≤ AÁfl˝√ßëªÍßä˛ÃZ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. Ω‡Δäˇ & ^Ë˛Ö¥ÎΔÊˇØ¨˛ÃZ ±Õ –ö˛$ÖßÊ˛$ ΔˇOôË˛$À ôË˛ΔÊˇÁ≥#ØË˛ 1917ÃZ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸‡∞≤ ∞ΔÊˇ”Ìfl˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. D Á‹–ö˛$ƒÊ˝$ÖÃZØÛ˛ V>Ö´©MÏ¸ ªÍ∫* Δ>gÙ˝Ö{ßÊ˛{Á≥›Îßä˛ô¯ Á≥«^Ë˛ƒÊ˝$–˛$OÖ®. AÁfl˝√ßëªÍßä˛ÃZ ØË˛*À$ —$À$œ M>«√MÊ¸$À EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞MÏ¸ ØÈƒÊ˝$MÊ¸ôË˛”Ö –ö˛Ìfl˝Ö_ –È« iôÈÀ$ Ú≥«VÛ¸ÃÍ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. 1918ÃZ VÊ¸$fΔ>ô¨˛ ΔˇOôË˛$ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞MÏ¸ –ö˛$ßÊ˛™ôË˛$ ô˛Õ¥ÎΔÊˇ$. CMÊ¸PyÊ˛ V>Ö´©MÏ¸ Á≥sÙ˝Ãå˝ Á≥«^Ë˛ƒÊ˝$–ö˛$ƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$. 1919 –ö˛*«a 18ØË˛ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö Δ˙Àô¨˛ ^Ë˛sÍt∞≤ {Á≥–Û˛‘Ë˝ Ú≥sÏ˝tÖ®. CÖßÊ˛$ÃZ∞ AÖ‘ÈÀ$ Gr$–ö˛ÖsÏ˝ AΔˇÁ‹$t –ÈΔˇÖså˝ ÃÙ˝MÊ¸$ÖyëØÛ˛ G–ö˛«Ø˛OØÈ ∞ΔÊˇ¬Ö´®Ö^Ë˛–ö˛^Ë˛$a. E{VÊ¸–ÈßÊ˛$À$V> AØË˛$–ö˛*ØË˛–˛$$ı‹¢ Gr$–ö˛ÖsÏ˝ —^È ΔÊˇ◊˝ ÃÙ˝MÊ¸$Öyë –È«∞ ¥˘ŒÁ‹$À$ gÒ˝OÀ$ÃZ Ú≥rt–ö˛^Ë˛$a. —^ÈΔÊˇ◊˝ f«Ì≥ØË˛Á≥µsÏ˝MÓ¸ BΔ¯Á≥◊˝MÊ¸$ VÊ¸$ΔˇOØË˛ –ö˛≈MÏ¸¢MÏ¸ ΔÊˇ$k–ö˛#À$ ^Ë˛*Á≥ΔÊˇ$. D ^Ë˛rtÖ ¥˘ŒÀÁ‹$ÀMÊ¸$ A´®M>Δ>ÀØË˛$ MÊ¸ÕµÖ_Ö®. D ^Ë˛rtÖ øÍ–ö˛ {Á≥MÊ¸rØË˛, ı‹”^Ë˛e –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ –ö˛òÕMÊ¸ Áfl˝MÊ¸$PÀØË˛$ Áfl˝«Ö^Û˛ —´ßÊ˛ÖV> EÖßÊ˛∞ V>Ö´©, hØÈ≤ BΔ¯Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. C® ∞ΔÊˇÖMÊ¸$‘Ë˝ Δ>ÑÊ¸Á‹ ^Ë˛rtÖ A∞ —–ö˛$«ÿÖ^ÈΔÊˇ$. D ^Ë˛sÍt∞MÏ¸ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ÖV> V>Ö´©i Δ˙Àô¨˛ Á‹ôÈ≈ {VÊ¸‡∞≤ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. 1919 H{Ì≥Ãå˝ 6–ö˛ ôÛ˛©∞ {¥ÎΔÊˇ¶ØË˛, V˙ΔÊˇ–ö˛ øÊ˝ÖVÊ¸MÊ¸ΔÊˇ–˛$OØË˛ ®ØË˛ÖV> ¥ÎsÏ˝Ö^ÈÀ∞ V>Ö´©i {Á≥fÀØË˛$ M¯Δ>ΔÊˇ$. ●

Δ˙Àô¨˛ Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸Áﬂ˝Ö (1919) ✱ ✱ ✱ ✱

✱

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

★ ★

✦ ✦

gÍªå˝ M>ΔÊˇ≤Δäˇ CØË˛*fiΔˇØ¨˛fi –˛$yÏ˛MÊ¸Ãå˝ BÔúÁ‹ΔÊˇ$œ ØË˛*≈…Ï˛-Œœ-ÃZ∞ GÖ¥Îœ-Δˇ$*ã‹ ı‹tså˝ CØË˛*fi-Δˇ-Ø¨˛fi M>Δˆµ-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ (DGã-‹-IÔ‹) ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ –È≈Á≥¢ÖV> EØË˛≤ ——´ßÊ˛ BÁ‹$-Á≥-{ôË˛$À$ á yÏ˛Ú‹µ-ØË˛fi-»ÃZœ CØË˛*fi-Δˇ-Ø¨˛fi –˛$yÏ˛-MÊ¸Ãå˝ BÔú-Á‹Δäˇfi ({VÛ¸yä˛ 2 & AÃZœÁ≥-ÜMä¸) ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö® ❖ –˛$$ôË˛¢Ö RÍ‰À$: 771 ❖ AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$-Ø¨˛ –˛$yÏ˛-MÊ¸Ãå˝ M˙∞fiÃå˝ ƒÊ˝*Mä¸t & 1956 {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ ΔˆsÙ˝-sÏ˝ÖVä¸ CÖr-Δäˇ≤-ÌŸã≥ Á≥NΔÊˇ¢Δˇ$$ GÖÔ‹I «hı‹â-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ ¥˜Ö® EÖyëÕ. ❖ –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: 30 H‚Ê˝ìœ —$Ö^Ë˛-MÊ¸*-yÊ˛ßÊ˛$ ❖ GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: Δ>ôË˛ Á≥»ÑÊ¸, CÖrΔÊˇ*”≈ ßë”Δ> ❖ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍÁ‹$¢ Ô≥k: ΔÊˇ*.500

❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖

r»P, –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛ÆÖÃZ KyÏ˛¥˘Δˇ$$Ö®. 1920ÃZ {ºrØ¨˛, r»P Á‹$ÃÍ¢Ø¨˛ô¯ JMÊ¸ JÁ≥µÖßë∞≤ ^Û˛Á‹$MÊ¸$Ö®. r»P Á‹$ÃÍ¢Ø¨˛ØË˛$ "QŒ∏Î' AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛ÆÖÃZ KyÏ˛¥˘–ö˛yÊ˛Öô¯ QŒ∏Î, –ö˛$$Ì‹œÖ Á≥—{ôË˛ Á‹¶ÃÍÀ“$ßÊ˛ A´®M>Δ>∞≤ M¯ÃZµƒÊ˝*yÊ˛$. ©∞∞ ∞ΔÊˇ’Á‹*¢ øÍΔÊˇô¨˛ÃZ∞ –ö˛$$Ì‹œÖÀ$ SÃÍÁ≥ô¨˛ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. QŒ¥Î A´®M>Δ>ÀØË˛$ Á≥#ØË˛ΔÊˇ$ßÊ˛™«Ö^ÈÀ∞ –ö˛$ØË˛ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ∞ –ö˛$$Ì‹œÖÀ$, {ºsÏ˝ãŸ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞≤ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. ⁄ÎMÊ¸ô¨˛ AŒ, –ö˛$Áﬂ˝√ßä˛ AŒÀ$ B EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ ØÈƒÊ˝$MÊ¸$À$ V>Ö´© MÊ¸*yë D EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞MÏ¸ –ö˛$ßÊ˛™ôË˛$ ô˛Õ¥ÎΔÊˇ$.

yÓ˛GÔ‹ﬁ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸Ö

›˘ÁŸÃå˝ Á‹tyÓ˛ã‹ ✦ ✦ ✦

Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$ ∞Δ>MÊ¸ΔÊˇ◊ZßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö (1920& 22) ❖ ❖ ❖

❖

●

✦

º.—. ØÈΔ>ƒÊ˝$◊˝ΔˇyÏ˛z Ô‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ ∏Î≈MÊ¸Œt

SÃÍÁ≥ô¨˛ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö

●

✦

C® –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ ASÀ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö. ©∞∞ BΔÊˇÖ¿Ö^Ë˛yë∞MÏ¸ V>Ö´© Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸Áfl˝ Á‹øÊ˝À$ ∞ΔÊˇ”Ìfl˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. ßÛ˛‘Ë˝–È≈Á≥¢ÖV> ∞ΔÊˇ‘Ë˝ØË˛À$, Áfl˝Δ>¢‚Ê˝œMÊ¸$ Ì≥À$Á≥#∞^ÈaΔÊˇ$. CÖßÊ˛$ÃZ øÍVÊ¸ÖV>ØÛ˛ 1919 H{Ì≥Ãå˝ 13ØË˛ Á≥ÖgÍªå˝ÃZ∞ A–ö˛$ñô¨˛Á‹ΔäˇÃZ EØË˛≤ fÕƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛ –ÈÃÍªÍVä¸ÃZ {Á≥fÀ$ Ú≥ßÊ˛™ GôË˛$¢ØË˛ Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘Ë˝–ö˛$ƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$. “«Ú≥O fØË˛ΔÊˇÃå˝ yÊ˛ƒÊ˝$≈Δäˇ M>À$µÀ$ f«Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. D Á‹ÖÁú$rØË˛ÃZ Á‹$–ö˛*ΔÊˇ$ 400 –ö˛$Ö® {Á≥fÀ$ –ö˛$ΔÊˇ◊Ï˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. ©∞ØÛ˛ fÕƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛ –ÈÃÍªÍVä¸ –ö˛*ΔÊˇ◊˝M>ÖyÊ˛ AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. fÕƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛–ÈÃÍªÍVä¸ –ö˛*ΔÊˇ◊˝M>ÖyÊ˛MÊ¸$ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ÖV> ΔÊˇ“Ö{ßÊ˛ØÈ£ä˛ u>VÊ¸*Δäˇ ôË˛ØË˛ Ø˛Oså˝Áfl˝ìyä˛ ºΔÊˇ$ßÊ˛$ØË˛$ ôË˛≈hÖ^ÈΔÊˇ$. øÍΔÊˇôË˛ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö AÖsÙ˝ Ìfl˝ÖßÊ˛*, –ö˛$$Ì‹œÖ CÖM> A∞≤ –ö˛$ôÈÀ Á‹ÖVÊ¸–ö˛$–ö˛$∞ V>Ö´© ı≥ΔˆPØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$.

`Δ>À & ı≥Δ>À EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö

fÕƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛–ÈÃÍªÍVä¸ –ö˛*ΔÊˇ◊˝M>ÖyÊ˛, SÃÍÁ≥ô¨˛ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛* ÀMÊ¸$ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ÖV> V>Ö´© D EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞≤ ^Û˛Á≥sÍtΔÊˇ$. D EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ÖÃZ øÍVÊ¸ÖV> Á‹”Δ>f≈Ö M>–ÈÀ∞ V>Ö´©i, M>Ö{V¸ã‹Ú≥O JÜ¢yÏ˛ ô˛^ÈaΔÊˇ$. 1920ÃZ f«WØË˛ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛ ØÛ˛ÁŸØË˛Ãå˝ M>Ö{V¸ã‹ ØÈVÊ¸Á≥NΔäˇ Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ V>Ö´© M>Ö{V¸ã‹ ØÈƒÊ˝$MÊ¸$yÏ˛V> VÊ¸$«¢ÖÁ≥# ¥˜ÖßëΔÊˇ$. ‘ÈÖÜƒÊ˝$$ôË˛ —´ßëØÈÀ ßë”Δ> D EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞≤ ØË˛yÊ˛¥ÎÀ∞ ØÈVÊ¸Á≥NΔäˇ Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘Ë˝Ö ∞ΔÊˇ~Δˇ$$Ö_Ö®.

★ ★ ★ ★

★

Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$ ∞Δ>MÊ¸ΔÊˇ◊ZßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ M>ΔÊˇ≈{MÊ¸–ö˛*À$ ✦ ✦

✦

❖ ❖

★

{Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛” ¥ÎuÊˇ‘ÈÀÀ$, MÊ¸‚Í‘ÈÀÀØË˛$ —ßë≈ΔÊˇ$¶À$ ∫Ìfl˝ÁŸP«Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö. ØÈ≈ƒÊ˝$–ÈßÊ˛$À$ ôË˛–ö˛$ –ö˛ñÜ¢∞ –ö˛®ÕÚ≥rtyÊ˛Ö. EßëÁfl˝ΔÊˇ◊˝MÊ¸$ –˛*°ÃÍÃå˝ Ø˛{Áfl˝î, Ô‹BΔäˇ. ßëã‹, Ô‹. Δ>fV¯¥ÎÃÍ^È«, AΔÊˇ$◊Í AÁ‹ãú AŒÀ$ ôË˛–ö˛$ ØÈ≈ƒÊ˝$–ÈßÊ˛ –ö˛ñÜ¢∞ –ö˛ßÊ˛$À$M¯–ö˛yÊ˛Ö. {ºsÏ˝ÁŸΔÊˇ$œ C_aØË˛ ºΔÊˇ$ßÊ˛$ÀØË˛$ ÜΔÊˇÁ‹P«Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö. EßëÁfl˝ΔÊˇ◊˝MÊ¸$ V>Ö´© ôË˛ØË˛ RÒ˝OÁ‹ΔÛˇ CÖßä˛ ºΔÊˇ$ßÊ˛$ØË˛$ BØ¨˛-ÃÒ˝O-Ø¨˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: ØË˛–ö˛Ö-∫ΔÊˇ$ 10 –˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝: www.esic.nic.in

ªZ´ßÊ˛ØÈ Ì‹∫æÖ® VÊ¸$Ör*-ΔÊˇ$-ÃZ∞ B^ÈΔÊˇ≈ GØ¨˛.-h. ΔÊˇÖV> –ö˛≈–ö˛-›ÎƒÊ˝$ —‘Ë˝” —ßë≈-ÀƒÊ˝$Ö MÏ¸Ö® —øÍ-V>ÃZœ ªZ´ßÊ˛ØÈ Ì‹∫æÖ® ∞ƒÊ˝*-–ö˛$M>-∞MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö® ❖ –˛$$ôË˛¢Ö RÍ‰À$: 139 ❖ Eß¯≈-V>À$: {¥˜Úú-Á‹Δäˇ, A›˘-Ì‹-ƒÙ˝$så˝ {¥˜Úú-Á‹Δäˇ, AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖså˝ {¥˜Úú-Á‹Δäˇ ❖ —øÍ-V>-À-–È» RÍ‰À$: {¥˜Úú-Á‹Δäˇ (A{W-MÊ¸-Àa-ΔÊˇÃå˝ CÖf ±«ÖVä¸ á sÒ˝M>≤-Ài 4), A›˘-Ì‹-ƒÙ˝$så˝ {¥˜Úú-Á‹Δäˇ (A{WMÊ¸-ÀaΔäˇ 16, A{W-MÊ¸-Àa-ΔÊˇÃå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸ á sÒ˝M>≤-Ài 15), AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖså˝ {¥˜Úú-Á‹Δäˇ (A{W-MÊ¸-ÀaΔäˇ 84, A{W-MÊ¸-Àa-ΔÊˇÃå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸ á sÒ˝M>≤-Ài 10, ÁﬂZÖ Ú‹OØ¨˛ﬁ 10) ❖ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 31

–ö˛ßÊ˛$À$M¯–ö˛yÊ˛Ö. ‘ÈÁ‹ØË˛ Á‹øÊ˝ÀØË˛$ ∫Ìﬂ˝ÁŸP«Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö V>Ö´© Á‹”Δ>gÍ≈∞MÏ¸ _Áﬂ˝≤ÖV> GÖ^Ë˛$MˆØË˛≤ ^Ë˛ΔÊˇRÍÚ≥O ØË˛*À$ –ö˛yÏ˛MÏ¸ QßÊ˛™ΔÊˇ$ ôË˛ƒÊ˝*ΔÊˇ$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö D EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ M>ÀÖÃZ VÊ¸$Ör*ΔÊˇ$ hÃÍœ gÍ°ƒÊ˝$ M>ΔÊˇ≈{MÊ¸–ö˛*ÀMÊ¸$ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛–˛$OÖ®.

★

D EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö MÊ¸*yë Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$ ∞Δ>MÊ¸ΔÊˇ◊ZßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ M>ÀÖÃZØÛ˛ f«WÖ®. `Δ>À, ı≥Δ>À {V>–ö˛*À$ {Á≥Á‹$¢ôË˛Ö {Á≥M>‘Ë˝Ö hÃÍœÃZ EØÈ≤Δˇ$$. D {V>–ö˛*À fØÈøÍ 15000 ©∞∞ –ö˛$$∞ﬁ¥ÎÕsÓ˝V> –ö˛*«aØË˛ÖßÊ˛$MÊ¸$ ßÊ˛$WYΔ>À V¯¥ÎÀMÊ¸ñÁŸ~ƒÊ˝$≈ B´ßÊ˛”ΔÊˇ≈ÖÃZ "`Δ>À & ı≥Δ>À EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö' f«WÖ®. ßÊ˛$WYΔ>À–ÈΔÊˇ$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛Ì‹ØË˛ –ÈÀÖr» ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö ı≥ΔÊˇ$ "Δ>–ö˛$ßÊ˛ÖyÊ˛$' DƒÊ˝$ØË˛ ∞«√Ö_ØË˛ FΔÊˇ$ "Δ>–í˛$ØË˛VÊ¸Δäˇ' AMÊ¸PyÊ˛ 11 Ø˛ÀÀ¥Îr$ EØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. {Á≥MÊ¸ñÜ –˛OÁ≥»ôÈ≈ÀMÊ¸$ ôÈ‚Ê˝ÃÙ˝MÊ¸ Ü«W `Δ>À & ı≥Δ>ÀMÊ¸$ –˛„œ¥˘ƒÊ˝*ΔÊˇ$.

❖ ❖ ❖

‘ÈÁ‹Ø¯ÀœÖÁú$ØË˛ / EÁ≥#µ / ßÊ˛ÖyÏ˛ Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸Áﬂ˝Ö (1930& 32) ✦

✦

❖

Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$ ∞Δ>MÊ¸ΔÊˇ◊˝ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ M>ÀÖÃZ VÊ¸$Ör*ΔÊˇ$, MÊ¸yÊ˛Á≥ Á‹‡ Δ>ƒÊ˝$^¯sÏ˝ ôÈÀ*M>ÃZ Ar“ Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸Áﬂ˝Ö/ Á≥#Àœ» Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸Áﬂ˝Ö f«V>Δˇ$$.

● ●

✦

✦ ✦

✦

✦ ✦

ßÊ˛ÖyÏ˛ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ M>ΔÊˇ≈{MÊ¸–ö˛*À$

–˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝: www.angrau.ac.in

[sÒ˝O±À$ –ö˛$$ÖªÒ˝O ¥˘Δäˇt {rã‹t JÁ≥µÖßÊ˛ {¥ÎÜ-Á≥-®-MÊ¸ØË˛ [sÒ˝O±À øÊ˝»¢MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö® ❖ RÍ‰À$: 30 ❖ Eß¯≈-V>À$: ØË˛«fiÖVä¸ Ì‹Á‹tΔäˇ [sÒ˝O± 25, ∏ÎΔÊˇ√-Ì‹ã‹t [sÒ˝O± 5 ❖ AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: ØË˛«fiÖVä¸ Ì‹Á‹tΔäˇ [sÒ˝O±-ÀMÊ¸$ Á≥ßˆ-ôË˛-ΔÊˇ-VÊ¸Ü E°¢-ΔÊˇ~-ôË˛ô¯-¥Îr$ ØË˛Δäˇfi / —$yä˛-–˛Oã-úV> «h-Á‹tΔˇO EÖyëÕ. Hyë® AØË˛$-øÊ˝–ö˛Ö ôË˛Á≥µ-∞-Á‹« ∏ÎΔÊˇ√-Ì‹-Á‹$t-ÀMÊ¸$ Á≥ß¯ ôË˛ΔÊˇ-VÊ¸Ü E°¢-ΔÊˇ~-ôË˛-ô¯-¥Îr$ ∏ÎΔÊˇ√-Ì‹ã-‹tV> «h-Á‹tΔˇO EÖyëÕ. ❖ –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: 20 ØË˛$Ö_ 30 H‚Ê˝œ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ EÖyëÕ. ❖ GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: AMÊ¸-yÊ˛-—$Mä¸ –˛$«så˝, AØË˛$-øÊ˝–ö˛Ö B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> ❖ Ø˛À-–È» –Û˛ôË˛ØË˛Ö: ΔÊˇ*.10,000 ❖ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: ØË˛–ö˛Ö-∫ΔÊˇ$ 5 ❖ –˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝: www.mumbaiport.gov.in

1929ÃZ f«WØË˛ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛ ØÛ˛ÁŸØË˛Ãå˝ M>Ö{V¸ã‹ Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘È∞MÏ¸ (ÃÍÁflZΔäˇ) f–ö˛Áfl˝ΔäˇÃÍÃå˝ Ø˛{Áfl˝î A´ßÊ˛≈ÑÊ¸ôË˛ –ö˛Ìfl˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. D Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ –ö˛$*yÊ˛$ °Δ>√ØÈÀ$ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. A— Á‹ÖÁ≥NΔÊˇ~ Á‹”Δ>gå˝ ›Î´®Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö fØË˛–ö˛« 26∞ Á‹ÖÁ≥NΔÊˇ~ Á‹”Δ>f≈ ®ØË˛ÖV> fΔÊˇÁ≥yÊ˛Ö V>Ö´©i B´ßÊ˛”ΔÊˇ≈ÖÃZ ‘ÈÁ‹Ø¯ÀœÖÁú$Ø¯ßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞≤ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö {ºsÏ˝ÁŸΔÊˇ$œ ^Û˛Ì‹ØË˛ EÁ≥#µ ^Ë˛sÍtÀØË˛$ EÀœÖÌú$Ö^ÈÀ∞ V>Ö´©i –ö˛*«a 12ØË˛ Á‹∫ΔÊˇ√° B{‘Ë˝–ö˛$ÖÃZ ∞ΔÊˇ~Δˇ$$Ö^Ë˛$ MÊ¸$ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. ôË˛ΔÊˇ–ÈÜ Δ¯k 78 –ö˛$Ö® {Á≥Ü∞´ßÊ˛$Àô¯ V>Ö´©i ßÊ˛ÖyÏ˛ ƒÊ˝*{ôË˛ØË˛$ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. V>Ö´©i 24 Δ¯kÀ¥Îr$ 375 MÏ¸.“$ ØË˛yÏ˛_ 1930 H{Ì≥Ãå˝ 6ØË˛ ßÊ˛ÖyÏ˛ {V>–ö˛*∞MÏ¸ ^Û˛ΔÊˇ$MÊ¸$ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. AßÛ˛ Δ¯k EÁ≥#µ Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸‡∞≤ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. D EÁ≥#µ Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸Áfl˝ÖÃZ –ö˛$Ìfl˝‚Ê˝À$ A´®MÊ¸ Á‹ÖQ≈ÃZ ¥ÎÃüYØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. JMÊ¸P …Ï˛Œœ {¥ÎÖôË˛ÖÃZØÛ˛ 1600 –ö˛$Ö® –ö˛$Ìfl˝‚Ê˝À$ gÒ˝OÀ$¥ÎÀƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$. –˛$$ôË˛¢“$√ßÊ˛ 90,000 –ö˛$Ö® AΔˇÁ‹tƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$. M>À$µÃZœ 110 –ö˛$Ö® ^Ë˛∞¥˘V> 300 –ö˛$Ö® V>ƒÊ˝$Á≥yëzΔÊˇ$. VÊ¸$fΔ>ô¨˛ÃZ∞ ßëΔÊˇ√∞ EÁ≥#µ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞MÏ¸ Á‹Δ¯h± ØÈƒÊ˝$$yÊ˛$ ØÈƒÊ˝$MÊ¸ôË˛”Ö –ö˛Ìfl˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. ●

Ar“ Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸‡À$ ❖

Á≥‘Ë˝ì–ö˛#À –Û˛$ôË˛Ú≥O –Û˛ı‹ Á≥ØË˛$≤ØË˛$ Á≥#Àœ» Á≥ØË˛$≤ AØÛ˛–ÈΔÊˇ$. Á≥ÃÍ≤yÊ˛$ÃZ ^ÈÃÍ ^¯rœ {Á≥fÀ$ V>Ö´© Δ>gÍ≈∞≤ {Á≥MÊ¸sÏ˝Ö_ ¥˘ŒÁ‹$ÀÚ≥O ßëyÊ˛$À$ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. EôË˛¢ΔÊˇ{Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝ÃZ {Á≥ôÈã≥VÊ¸…ä˛ ΔˇOôË˛$À$, M˙À$ßëΔÊˇ$ÀØË˛$ ∞ΔÊˇ’Á‹*¢ Ú≥ßÊ˛™ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. GMÊ¸PyÊ˛ {Á≥fÀ$ —fƒÊ˝$Ö ›Î´®Ö_ØÈ ßë∞∞ V>Ö´©iMÛ¸ B¥Î®Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. 1922ÃZ EôË˛¢ΔÊˇ{Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝ V¯ΔÊˇMä¸Á≥NΔäˇ hÃÍœÃZ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ M>ΔÊˇ$ÀÚ≥O 22 –ö˛$Ö® ¥˘ŒÁ‹$À$ ÃÍw bÈ«j ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$V> B{VÊ¸Ìfl˝Ö_ØË˛ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$M>ΔÊˇ$À$ –È«∞ ¥˘Œã‹ ı‹tÁŸØ¨˛ÃZ ∞ΔÊˇ¬Ö´®Ö_ Á‹i–ö˛ ßÊ˛Áfl˝ØË˛Ö ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. ©∞ØÛ˛ ^˙» ^˙Δ> Á‹ÖÁú$rØË˛ AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. 1922ÃZ f«WØË˛ D ^˙»^˙Δ> Á‹ÖÁú$rØË˛ô¯ V>Ö´©i EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞≤ BÌ≥–Û˛‘ÈyÊ˛$. _ôË˛¢ΔÊˇÖfØ¨˛ßëã‹, –˛*°ÃÍÃå˝ Ø˛{Áfl˝îÀ$ ^Ë˛rt Á‹øÊ˝ÃZœMÏ¸ {Á≥–Û˛’Ö^ÈÀØË˛≤ EßÛ˛™‘Ë˝Öô¯ Á‹”Δ>gå˝ ¥Î»t∞ ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. 1920 –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ M>ÀÖÃZ Ìfl˝ÖßÊ˛* –ö˛$‡Á‹øÊ˝, BΔäˇGã‹Gã‹, øÍΔÊˇ°ƒÊ˝$ MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈∞ã‹t ¥Î»tÀ$ HΔÊˇµyëzΔˇ$$.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★

—ßÛ˛÷ –ö˛Á‹à, –ö˛$ßÊ˛≈Ö ßÊ˛$M>◊ÍÀ –ö˛ßÊ˛™ Ì≥M¸sÏ˝ÖVä¸ HΔ>µr$ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ ¥ÎuÊˇ‘ÈÀÀ$, MÊ¸‚Í‘ÈÀÀ$ ∫Ìﬂ˝ÁŸP«Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö QßÊ˛™ΔÊˇ$ ∫rtÀ$ –Û˛Á‹$M¯–ö˛yÊ˛Ö AÖrΔ>∞ôË˛ØÈ∞≤ ∞ΔÊˇ*√ÕÖ^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö V>Ö´©i Ì≥À$Á≥#ô¯ –ö˛$Ìﬂ˝‚Ê˝À$ Á≥ΔÊˇßë –ö˛®Õ D EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ÖÃZ ¥ÎÃüYØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$.

Δ˙Öyä˛ sÙ˝∫$Ãå˝ Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘ÈÀ$ ✱ ✱ ✱ ✱

1930 & 31, 1932, 1933 Á‹Ö–ö˛ôË˛ﬁΔ>ÃZœ –ö˛$*yÊ˛$›ÎΔÊˇ$œ Δ˙Öyä˛ sÙ˝∫$Ãå˝ Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘ÈÀ$ ÀÖyÊ˛Ø¨˛ÃZ f«V>Δˇ$$. V>Ö´©i EÁ≥#µ Á‹ôÈ≈{VÊ¸‡∞≤ ∞ÕÌ≥–Û˛Ì‹ ΔˇÖy¯ Δ˙Öyä˛ sÙ˝∫$Ãå˝ Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘È∞MÏ¸ ‡fΔÊˇƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$. MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈ØË˛Ãå˝ A–ÈΔÊˇ$zMÊ¸$ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ÖV> 1932ÃZ V>Ö´©iMÏ¸, AÖªÙ˝ßÊ˛PΔäˇMÊ¸$ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ Á≥NØÈ JÁ≥µÖßÊ˛Ö f«WÖ®. Δ˙Öyä˛ sÙ˝∫$Ãå˝ Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘ÈÀ ÁúÕôË˛ÖV> 1935 øÍΔÊˇôË˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛” ^Ë˛rtÖ –ö˛_aÖ®.

Á‹tyÓ˛

—fƒÊ˝$–ÈyÊ˛ ∑ ‘Ë˝∞–ÈΔÊˇÖ 13 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

www.andhrajyothy com

IBPS-PO Model Paper Solutions ∞ØË˛≤sÏ˝ Á‹tyÓ˛ ôË˛ΔÊˇ$–ÈΔˇ$$.. ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Ì≥. -{÷∞-–È-Á‹-Δ>-–ö˛#

1. The concerned sentence talks about 'customer satisfaction' as one of the core metrics/parameters for newly started businesses. Now anywhere, when the talk is regarding metrics or parameters or quantities for that matter related to something, these can only be tracked and nothing else. 2. Anywhere in business, when customers are once acquired, the next challenge comes in the form of keeping hold of these acquired customers, I.e., retaining them. No other option will fit the bill here. Also, going further into the passage, the talk is only regarding either acquisition or retention and hence the answer. 3. Using 'viable' and 'new' are irrelevant to the context here, as "new purchases" doesn't stand for anything. Since, occasional has already been used later in the sentence, using 'rare' prior to that will be grossly incorrect. The difference between 'initial' and 'one-off' is that initial means that it's a process and has a continuation later but as per the context we don't know that yet as the talk is regarding a customer and after making the first or one-off purchase, the actual challenge lies in making him come again for a 2nd one, and hence the answer. 4. The sentence shows the transition phase of a customer from making the first purchase to slowly moving up the ladder in becoming a regular customer. Now to highlight this transmission, only 'graduates' will fit the bill here. 'Inundates' which means overwhelming and 'enunciate' which means to express are irrelevant to the context. 5. The word should be such that it comprehends with the customer behaviour with respect to his buying patterns. Now, 'Pacifist' means peacemaker, 'Perpetrator' means a person who carries out harmful acts and 'Monocrat' and 'absolutist' are both synonyms of dictator and hence all of these finds no relevance here. Option A will be the answer. 6. Replace 'were' with 'was'. The subject here is 'relation' which is singular, hence the appropriate auxiliary would be 'was'. Verb must agree with its subject. 7. The word 'distress' is an uncountable abstract noun, and cannot be used in plural form. 8. Would completely abolish is the right usage instead of 'would have abolished completely'. Since the sentence is in the past tense with a 'that' conjunction, there should be verb of simple past tense; 'would have' is generally used with a conditional clause. Also, the adverb 'completely' is wrongly placed. 9. All the parts are correct, making option E the right answer. 10. All the parts are correct, making option E the right answer. 11. Here, the sentence depicts cause and effect. I is the cause as to why she could not get a visa for the US, which is stated in II. The appropriate connector here is 'therefore'. The correct sentence will be: She was a member of the Communist-run Free German Youth, and therefore, for some years she could not get a visa for the US to visit her family there. Option a is negated as the correct form is '... not only... but also...'

y˛OΔˇ-MÊ¸tΔäˇ, {÷∞-–È-ã‹ M¯_Ö-Vä¸ ÁúΔäˇ M>ÖÌ≥-sÓ˝-sÏ˝-–í˛ GV>j–í˛$ﬁ, —f-ƒÊ˝$-–È-yÊ˛

Option b, though is in similar lines with 'therefore', will be negated because of the presence of 'of' after 'because'. Option c denotes 'alternatively' and would be incorrect in this context. Option e is again ruled out on contextual basis. 12. 'Nevertheless' means 'in spite of' and would be contextually incorrect here. Options b and c are ruled out on the same ground. The appropriate connector here is 'once' (as soon as/when), which shows the causational relation between two sentences. The correct sentence will be: Once the affair was leaked to and investigated by the French media, Sarkozy found himself cast in the role of victim of an apparent conspiracy to wreck his political career. 13. Two different subjects are being compared here with reference to a common topic that is the Olympics. The appropriate connector here is 'in contrast'. The correct sentence will be: India, with a population of more than 1 billion, has failed to pull its weight in the Olympic arena, in contrast with neighbouring China and its emergence as a global sports powerhouse. None of the other connectors will form a coherent sentence. (14 - 18): Statement A starts with saying that the conservationists are worried. Now, the next sentence should, in all probability, talk about why they're worried. This is given in E. Then, the contradiction for the birth of new calves has been talked about in G. Next the idea mentioned in D is carried forward by C, which introduces 2017 and the reason behind it is contained in F. After this, B says that "it is twice" which it is referring to the context of numbers contained in F. Hence, the final combination will be AEGDCFB.

AyÏ˛√ÁŸØË˛$œ

19. The passage focuses on the sixth mass extinction event. It details this by citing a study and then its findings. It tells us how so many species are becoming extinct faster than ever and the causes responsible for this disaster. It also explores the possibility that us humans might be driving this change. Hence, we can choose A as a suitable title. B cannot be an apt title as microbes are not mentioned as a reason for the extinction event anywhere in the passage. C cannot be a title as climate change is only listed as one of the factors responsible for the lead-up to the mass extinction event, but is not the central theme of the passage. D cannot be a suitable title as the passage is not about agriculture or global warming. E cannot be a suitable title as the passage is not about ecosystem modelling. A is the right answer. 20. The first sentence of the third paragraph clearly tells us that C is the right answer. 21. The last two sentences of the fourth paragraph list the ecosystem services. Options A through D are mentioned here. Hence, E is the right answer. 22. The second and third sentences of the fourth paragraph list the reasons as to why the wildlife is dying out. Only B does not figure in the list. Hence, B is the right answer. 23. Eschew-Deliberately avoid using; abstain from. Among the given word, only 'avoid' can be a synonym of the given word. Hence, B is the right answer. 24. A is mentioned in the third sentence of the first paragraph. B is mentioned in the second sentence of the third paragraph. C is mentioned in the first sentence of the fourth

✪

IIsÓ˝ Δ¯Á≥Δäˇ CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ CØå˛-Ì‹t-r*≈så˝ Bãú sÒ˝M>≤-Ài (IIsÓ˝) Δ¯¥ÎΔäˇ 2019 fØË˛-–ö˛« Ú‹ÁŸ-Øå˛-MÊ¸$ Ô≥Úfl˝-^å˛yÓ˛ {¥˘{V>-–ö˛$$ÃZœ {Á≥–Û˛-‘ÈÀMÊ¸$ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®. ✪ BÁúΔäˇ ^Û˛Á‹$¢ØË˛≤ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ$: ΔˇVÊ¸$≈-ÀΔäˇ Ô≥Úfl˝-^å˛yÓ˛, y˛OΔˇMä¸t Ô≥Úfl˝-^å˛yÓ˛, GMä¸fi-r-ΔÊˇ≤Ãå˝ Ô≥Úfl˝-^å˛yÓ˛, ¥ÎΔäˇt sÒ˝O–í˛$ Ô≥Úfl˝-^å˛yÓ˛. ✪ y˛OΔˇMä¸t Ô≥Úfl˝^å˛yÓ˛: D —´ßë-ØË˛ÖÃZ ΩsÒ˝Mä¸ Hy¯ Ú‹—$Á‹tΔäˇ ^Ë˛ßÊ˛$-–ö˛#-ôË˛$ØË˛≤ —ßë≈-ΔÊˇ$¶-ÀMÊ¸$ Ô≥Úfl˝-^å˛-yÓ˛ÃZ ØÛ˛ΔÊˇ$V> ^Û˛ΔÛˇ A–ö˛-M>‘Ë˝Ö MÊ¸Õµ-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. D {Á≥{MÏ¸-ƒÊ˝$ÃZ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛” ∞´ßÊ˛$-Àô¯ ØË˛yÏ˛^Û˛ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ÃZ ^Ë˛®-—ØË˛ —ßë≈-ΔÊˇ$¶ÀMÊ¸$ ΩsÒ˝-Mä¸ÃZ 8&10 Ô‹i-Ô≥H –ö˛*ΔÊˇ$PÀ$ –ö˛_a EÖyëÕ. —$VÊ¸ôÈ —ßë≈-ΔÊˇ$¶-ÀMÊ¸$ ΩsÒ˝-Mä¸ÃZ 8&10 Ô‹i-

✪

✪ ✪ ✪

Ô≥-H-ô¯-¥Îr$ VÛ¸så˝/-ôË˛-ôË˛fi-–ö˛*ØË˛ Á≥»-ÑÊ¸ÃZ AΔÊˇ·ôË˛ ›Î´®Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö ôË˛Á≥µ-∞-Á‹«. Ú‹µÁŸÃÒ˝OgÙ˝ÁŸØË˛$œ: ∫ƒÒ˝*-–˛$-yÏ˛-MÊ¸Ãå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, M¸—$MÊ¸Ãå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, Ì‹—Ãå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, MÊ¸ÖÁ≥N≈-rΔäˇ Ú‹OØå˛fi AÖyä˛ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, GÀ-{MÏ¸t-MÊ¸Ãå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, –˛$M>-∞-MÊ¸Ãå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, –˛$r-À-«j-MÊ¸Ãå˝ AÖyä˛ –˛$sÓ˝-«ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝fi CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, M¸—${Ô‹t, –ö˛*≈£Ê˛-–Û˛$-sÏ˝Mä¸fi, ÌúhMä¸fi, Áfl˝ì≈–ö˛*-∞-sÓ˝ã‹ AÖyä˛ ›˘ÁŸÃå˝ Ú‹OØ˛fiã‹ (GMÊ¸-ØÈ-—$Mä¸fi, CÖXœãŸ Õr-ΔÛˇ-^Ë˛Δäˇ, ÌúÃÍ-Á‹Ìú, ›˘ÌŸ-ƒÊ˝*-Ài, ÕÖW”Ì‹tMä¸fi, Ú‹OM>-Ài). AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ Á‹ªÒ˝j-MÊ¸$tÀ$, {ªÍÖ^Ë˛$ÃZœ ΩD/ ΩsÒ˝Mä¸/ GÖD/ GÖsÒ˝Mä¸/ GÖH/ GÖGÔ‹fi/ CÖsÏ˝-{VÛ¸sÒ˝yä˛ ΩGã‹ & GÖGã‹ . ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ Ôúk: fØË˛-ΔÊˇÃå˝/ KΩÔ‹ AøÊ˝≈-ΔÊˇ$¶-ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.200; –ö˛$Ìfl˝‚Ê˝/ GÔ‹fi/ GÔ‹t Ô≥yÊ˛-∫*œ≈yÓ˛ AøÊ˝≈-ΔÊˇ$¶ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.100. ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$: BØå˛-ÃÒ˝OØå˛ ßë”Δ>. ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢MÊ¸$ _–ö˛« ôÛ˛©: AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 24, 2018. –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: http://www.iitrpr.ac.in

paragraph. D is mentioned in the third sentence of the fourth paragraph. As all the options A through D are present in the paragraph, E is the right answer. 25. Statement A is mentioned in the second sentence of the last paragraph. Statement B can be implied by his quote mentioned in the last sentence of the last paragraph. Statement C is mentioned in the fourth sentence of the fourth paragraph. Statement D is mentioned in the first sentence of the last paragraph. Statement E is incorrect as can be observed by the second sentence of the last paragraph. E is the right answer. 26. The meaning of 'secreted' is 'discharged / produced (as in a gland)'. As is evident from this, (A) is not appropriate as a filler. (B) and (C) mean the same and they both are suitable as part of the sentence. (d) is the correct option. 27. The phrase 'was surely' when used with 'like...' creates a grammatical mismatch. The other two phrases in (A) and (B) can both fill the blank to create meaningful sentences. The correct option is (b). 28. The phrasal verb 'look after' means 'to take care of', and is not appropriate in the sentence, since the presence of 'in looks' (meaning 'in appearance') indicates that the sentence is talking of resemblances. The correct phrase in the sentence will therefore be 'take after' (meaning 'resemble, be similar to a relative'), as also the word 'resemble'. (d) is the right answer. 29. The meaning of the phrasal verb 'call back' is 'cause to be returned (often a telephone call)' and is the only phrase from the options that fits in the blank. While 'be returning' is grammatically meaningless, 'recall' means 'ask (e.g. a defective product) to be returned'. (a) is the right answer. 30. The phrases 'hand in glove' and 'hand in hand' mean the same -- 'in close association and cooperation'. They fit the sentence correctly. However, 'hand and foot' means 'with great and concerted effort' and is unsuitable in the blank. (c) is the right answer.

—$VÊ¸ôÈ —–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝À$ ΔÛˇÁ≥sÏ˝ Á‹tyÓ˛ÃZ..

–ö˛${ßëã‹ ƒÊ˝$*∞–ö˛«fisÓ˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-–ö˛-«fisÓ˝ Bãú –ö˛${ßëÁ‹$ ßÊ˛*ΔÊˇ —ßë≈ —´ßë-ØË˛ÖÃZ 2018&19 —ßë≈ Á‹Ö–ö˛-ôË˛fi-Δ>-∞-MÏ¸-V>ØË˛$ ƒÊ˝$*i, Ô≥i ôË˛®-ôË˛ΔÊˇ {¥˘{V>-–ö˛$$ÃZœ {Á≥–Û˛-‘È-ÀMÊ¸$ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®. ✪ AÖyÊ˛Δäˇ {V>yÊ˛$≈ƒÙ˝$så˝ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ$: ΩM>Ö, ΩGÔ‹fi, ΩH, ΩΩH, ΩÔ‹H. ✪ ¥˘ã‹t{V>yÊ˛$≈ƒÙ˝$så˝ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ$: GÖH, GÖGÔ‹fi, GÖΩH, GÖM>Ö, GÖÔ‹H. ✪ Á‹«tÌúM¸så˝ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ$, yÏ˛¥˜œ–ö˛* M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ$ ✪ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢: BØå˛-ÃÒ˝OØå˛ ßë”Δ> ✪ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢MÊ¸$ _–ö˛« ôÛ˛©: AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 20, 2018. ✪ –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: http://www.unom.ac.in/

Á‹tyÓ˛

–ö˛ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Ãå˝ AΔÊˇæØ¨˛ ∑ ‘Ë˝∞–ÈΔÊˇÖ 13 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

www.andhrajyothy com

{Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ AÖôË˛«ÑÊ¸ –ÈΔ¯ôË˛ﬁ–ö˛Ö (AM¯t∫Δäˇ 4&10) Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸ 1

–ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z ı‹µã‹ “Mä¸ A›˘-Ì‹-ƒÙ˝$-ÁŸØå˛ A¥˘ÃZ 11 –¯≈–ö˛$-V>-–ö˛$$À$ 1969 lÃÒ˝O 16&24ÃZ ôˆÕ ›Î« ^Ë˛Ö{ßÊ˛$yÏ˛ “$ßÊ˛ AyÊ˛$VÊ¸$ –Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. B Á‹ÖßÊ˛Δ>¬∞≤ Á≥#ΔÊˇ-Á‹P«Ö-^Ë˛$-Mˆ∞ 1980ÃZ 11–ö˛ –È«¤-M¯-ôË˛fi–ö˛Ö fΔÊˇ$-Á≥#-M¯-yë-∞MÏ¸ ƒÊ˝$$Ø˛O-sÒ˝yä˛ Ù‹tså˝fi ÁfloÁ‹tØå˛ÃZ " –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z ı‹µã‹ “Mä¸ A›˘-Ì‹-ƒÙ˝$ÁŸØå˛' ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. 1981ÃZ ı‹µã‹ “Mä¸ Úfl˝yä˛ M>”ΔÊˇtΔäˇfi HΔÊˇµ-«_ ƒÊ˝$$Ø˛O-sÒ˝yä˛ ı‹tså˝fiÃZ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝-–È≈Á≥¢ –Û˛yÊ˛$-MÊ¸ØË˛$ ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. 1999 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ ı‹µÔ‹-“Mä¸ 15 ßÛ˛‘È-ÀMÊ¸$ –È≈Ì≥Ö-_Ö®.

–ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z ı‹µã‹ “Mä¸ HsÍ AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 4 ØË˛$Ö_ 10 –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ " {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ –ÈΔÊˇÖ''V> 1999ÃZ IMÊ¸≈-Δ>f≈ Á‹—$Ü °Δ>√-∞Ö-_Ö®. –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z Ù‹µã‹ “Mä¸ AÖôË˛-Δ>j-°ƒÊ˝$ M¯B-«z-ØÛ˛-rΔäˇV> Á≥∞-^Û˛-ƒÊ˝$-yë-∞MÏ¸ IMÊ¸≈Δ>f≈ Á‹—$-ÜMÏ¸ ô¯yëµ-r$V> –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z Ù‹µã‹ “Mä¸ A›˘-Ì‹-ƒÙ˝$-ÁŸØå˛ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Áfl˝-«-›˘¢Ö®. –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝›Î« 2000 Á‹Ö–ö˛-ôË˛fi-ΔÊˇÖÃZ IΔ>Á‹ –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z Ù‹µã‹ “Mä¸ØË˛$ ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝Ö-_Ö®. {Á≥Ü Á‹–ö˛*-–Û˛-‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ©∞ AgÒ˝ÖyëØË˛$ IΔ>Á‹ Á‹“$ÑÏ¸Á‹$¢Ö®. —ßë≈ΔÊˇ$¶ÀMÊ¸$ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®ôË˛ Á‹*π«¢ MÊ¸À$VÊ¸gÙ˝ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö, {Á≥f-ÃZœ A–ö˛V>Áfl˝ØË˛ MÊ¸ÕµÖ^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö, Ù‹µã‹ Lså˝»^å˛ M>ΔÊˇ≈-{MÊ¸-–ö˛*À ßë”Δ> AÖôË˛-Δ>j-°ƒÊ˝$ Á‹Áfl˝-M>-ΔÊˇÖ CÖßÊ˛$ÃZ øÍVÊ¸Ö. CÁ≥µ-sÏ˝-–ö˛-ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ 96MÊ¸$ Ú≥OV> ßÛ˛‘ÈÃZœ Á‹$–ö˛*ΔÊˇ$ ÀÑÊ¸À –ö˛$Ö® –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z ı‹µã‹ “Mä¸ –Û˛yÊ˛$-MÊ¸ÃZœ ¥ÎÃüY-ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z ı‹µã‹ “Mä¸ØË˛$ AM¯t-∫Δäˇ 4 ØË˛$Ö_ 10 –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ ∞ΔÊˇ” Ìfl˝Ö^ÈÀ∞ GÖ^Ë˛$M¯yë∞MÏ¸ ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ M>ΔÊˇ-◊ÍÀ$ EØÈ≤Δˇ$$. –˛$$rt –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ –ö˛*ØË˛-–ö˛&-∞-«√ôË˛ GΔäˇ¢ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ " Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸ 1'' {Á≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ-_ØË˛ ôÛ˛© 1957 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 4. C® AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ AØÛ˛”ÁŸ-◊˝MÊ¸$ –ö˛*ΔÊˇYÖ ô˛«_Ö®. 1967 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 10 ØË˛ " LrΔäˇ ı‹µã‹ {sÓ˝sÓ˝' JÁ≥µÖßÊ˛Ö A–ö˛$-À$-ÃZMÏ¸ –ö˛_aÖ®. D ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ Áú$sÍtÀØË˛$ Á≥#ΔÊˇ-Á‹P-«Ö-^Ë˛$-Mˆ∞ AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 4 ØË˛$Ö_ 10 –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z Ù‹µã‹ “Mä¸V> ∞ΔÊˇ~-Δˇ$$Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$.

–˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸Ö ØÈsÏ˝ ƒÊ˝$*Gã‹Gã‹BΔäˇ(›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛) {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ÖÃZ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝›Î«V> –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ MÊ¸ñ{Ü–ö˛$ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸-‡∞≤ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ_ ƒÊ˝*–ö˛ôå˛ {Á≥Á≥Ö-^È∞≤ A∫$æΔÊˇÁ≥ΔÊˇ-_Ö®. ΔˇÖy¯ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛ÆÖ ôË˛ΔÊˇ-–ÈôË˛ ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ Á≥∞ AΔˇ$$-¥˘Δˇ$$ÖßÊ˛∞ {øÊ˝–ö˛$Á≥yÏ˛ØË˛ A–˛$-«M>∞ ôË˛sÏ˝t ÃÙ˝Ì≥ MÊ¸À-–ö˛-ΔÊˇ-Á≥-yÛ˛ÃÍ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®.

{Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ –ÈΔÊˇÖ •–í˛$fi {Á≥Ü Á‹Ö–ö˛-ôË˛fiΔÊˇÖ –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z Ù‹µã‹ “Mä¸ JMÊ¸ •–í˛$ØË˛$ GÖÌ≥MÊ¸ ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ö®. D •–í˛$ –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z Ù‹µã‹ “Mä¸ÃZ ¥ÎÃüY-ØÛ˛- –È-«MÏ¸ –ö˛*ΔÊˇY-ßÊ˛-ΔÊˇÿ-M>-ÀØË˛$ AÖ®-Á‹$¢Ö®. Ù‹µã‹ “Mä¸ •–í˛$ {Á≥Á‹$¢ôË˛ M>Δ>≈-^Ë˛-ΔÊˇ◊˝ A–ö˛-Á‹-Δ>-ÀMÊ¸$ AØË˛$-VÊ¸$-◊˝ÖV> EÖr$Ö®. 2018 & ı‹µã‹ ƒÊ˝$$Ø˛Oså˝fi ® –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z 2017 & GMä¸fi¥˘œ-«ÖVä¸ ØË˛*≈ –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝zfi CØå˛ Ù‹µã‹ 2016 & «–˛*så˝ Ú‹∞fiÖVä¸ & GØÛ˛-ºœÖVä¸ A–ö˛Δäˇ ÁúN≈^Ë˛Δäˇ 2015 & yÏ˛Á‹P-–ö˛» 2014 & ı‹µã‹: V¸OyÏ˛ÖVä¸ ƒÊ˝$$–ö˛Δäˇ –Û˛ 2013 & GMä¸fi¥˘œ-«ÖVä¸ –ö˛*Δäˇfi & yÏ˛Á‹P-–ö˛-«ÖVä¸ GΔäˇ¢ 2012 & ı‹µã‹ ÁúΔäˇ Áfl˝î≈–ö˛$Øå˛ Ù‹Ôút AÖyä˛ Ú‹MÊ¸*≈-«sÓ˝ 2011 & 50 CƒÊ˝$Δäˇfi Aãú Áfl˝î≈–ö˛$Øå˛ Ù‹µã‹ ÁúœΔˇ$$så˝ 2010 & —$Á‹t-»ã‹ Bãú ® M>›˘√ã‹ 2009 & ı‹µã‹ ÁúΔäˇ GyÊ˛$≈-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ 2008 & GMä¸fi¥˘œ-«ÖVä¸ ® ƒÊ˝$*∞-–ö˛Δäˇfi 2007 & 50 CƒÊ˝$Δäˇfi CØå˛ Ù‹µã‹ 2006 & Ù‹µã‹ ÁúΔäˇ Ù‹—ÖVä¸ ÃÒ˝O–í˛fi 2005 & yÏ˛Á‹P-–ö˛» AÖyä˛ C–ö˛*-h-ØÛ˛-ÁŸØå˛ 2004 & ı‹µã‹ ÁúΔäˇ Á‹Á‹tΔˇ$$ØË˛-∫$Ãå˝ y˛–ö˛-À-ã≥–˛$Öså˝ 2003 & ı‹µã‹: ÁflZ«-gZØå˛ ºƒÊ˝*Öyä˛ GΔäˇ¢ 2002 & ı‹µã‹ AÖyä˛ y˛OŒ ÃÒ˝Oãú 2001 & CØå˛fiÌ≥-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸØå˛ {Áú–í˛$ Ù‹µã‹ 2000 & ÃÍÖ_ÖVä¸ ßÊ˛ Ù‹µã‹ —$Œ-∞ƒÊ˝$Ö

{Á≥Á≥Ö-^Ë˛Á≥# ôˆÕ –¯≈–ö˛$-V>—$

Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸1∞ 1957 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 4ØË˛ ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ ‘È{Á‹¢-–Û˛-ôË˛¢À$ AÖôË˛-«-ÑÊ¸Ö-ÃZMÏ¸ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*-WÖ-^ÈΔÊˇ$. Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸ AÖsÙ˝ ΔÊˇÁŸ≈Øå˛ øÍÁŸÃZ {Á≥ƒÊ˝*-◊˝ÖÃZ ô¯yÊ˛$(MÊ¸Ö¥Î-∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛). Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸ 1 EÁ≥-{VÊ¸‡∞≤ Á‹$–ö˛*ΔÊˇ$ 22 AÖVÊ¸$-‚ÍÀ$/56 Ú‹ÖsÓ˝“$-rΔÊˇœ –È≈Á‹Öô¯ 183 ¥˚ÖyÊ˛$œ ∫ΔÊˇ$–ö˛#ô¯ ØÈÀ$VÊ¸$ ¥˜yÊ˛–ö˛# ƒÊ˝*ÖsÒ˝-ØÈ≤-Àô¯ JMÊ¸ –˛ÖyÏ˛ V¯‚Ê˝ÖÃÍ ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö-®Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. {Á≥Ü 98 ∞—$-⁄Î-ÀMÊ¸$ øÊ˝*—$ ^Ë˛$r*t Ü«W, ΔÛˇyÏ˛ƒÒ˝* ΩM>Øå˛ EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ-_Ö®. øÊ˝*—$ EÁ≥-«-ôË˛-ÀÖÚ≥O –ö˛$^Ë˛a-ÀØË˛$ VÊ¸$«¢Ö-^Ë˛-VÊ¸-ÕWÖ®. ØÛ˛sÏ˝MÏ¸ Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸1 {Á≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ_ AΔÊˇ–˛OJMÊ¸P H‚Ê˝ÂΔˇ$$Ö®. D M>ÀÖÃZ AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸Ö Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛ØË˛ÃZ GÖô¯ Á≥#Δ¯-VÊ¸Ü ›Î´ßÊ˛≈–˛$OÖ®. {Á≥Ü ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö ôË˛–ö˛$ Ù‹µã‹ HgÒ˝±ﬁ ÃÙ˝ßë AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛ØË˛ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ØË˛$ Ø˛À-MˆÕµ ¥˘sÍ ¥˘sÓ˝V> Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛ØË˛, EÁ≥{VÊ¸Áﬂ˝ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*-V>À$, Δ>M¸-r$œ,- –¯≈–ö˛$ Ø˙MÊ¸À$ AÖôË˛-«-ÑÊ¸Ö-ÃZMÏ¸ Á≥ÖÁ≥yÊ˛Ö f«¥ÎΔˇ$$. 1957ÃZ AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛ØË˛ M¯Á‹Ö ØÈsÏ˝ØË˛ ΩfÖ 1969ÃZ –ö˛*ØË˛-–ö˛#yÏ˛∞ ^Ë˛Ö{ßÊ˛$yÊ˛$ “$ßÊ˛MÏ¸ Á≥Öı≥ÃÍ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. ΔˇÖy¯ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛¶Ö ôË˛ΔÊˇ–ÈôË˛ A–˛$-«-

GØ¯≤ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸-‡À {Á≥ƒÒ˝*-V>À$ —Áú-À-–ö˛$-ƒÊ˝*≈MÊ¸ 1958 Ìú{∫–ö˛« 1ØË˛ A–˛$-«M> —f-ƒÊ˝$-–ö˛Ö-ôË˛ÖV> GMä¸ﬁ¥˘œ-ΔÊˇΔäˇ 1 {Á≥ƒÒ˝*-WÖ-_Ö®. øÊ˝*—$ ^Ë˛$r*t EØË˛≤ ΔÛˇyÏ˛-ƒÙ˝$-ÁŸØå˛ ÔúÃå˝z ÃÙ˝ßë –ÈØå˛ AÃÒ˝œØå˛ ªÒ˝Ãå˝tØË˛$ GMä¸ﬁ¥˘œ-ΔÊˇΔäˇ 1 MÊ¸ØË˛$-VˆÖ®. A–˛$-«M>, ›˘—ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ ΔˇÖyÊ˛* 1960ÀÃZ ^Ë˛Ö{ßÊ˛, ‘Ë˝ì{MÊ¸ AÖV>-ΔÊˇMÊ¸ {VÊ¸‡-ÀMÊ¸$ Δ¯ªZ-sÏ˝Mä¸ AØÛ˛”-ÁŸ-MÊ¸$À$ Á≥Ö¥ÎΔˇ$$. AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ A¿–ö˛ñ®¶MÏ¸ øÍ»V> ∞´ßÊ˛$À$ MÛ¸sÍ-Δˇ$$Ö-^ÈΔˇ$$. ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ –ö˛$Δ¯ G∞-—$® Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸-‡À$ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ-_Ö®. AÖôË˛-«-ÑÊ¸Ö-ÃZ-MÏ¸ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ –¯≈–ö˛$-V>—$∞ Á≥ÖÌ≥ØË˛ Áú$ØË˛ôË˛ MÊ¸*yë ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛MÛ¸ ^˛ÖßÊ˛$-ôË˛$Ö®. 1961 H{Ì≥Ãå˝ 12ØË˛ ƒÊ˝$*« VÊ¸V>-«-Øå˛- AÖ-ôË˛-«-ÑÊ¸ÖÃZ –˛„œØË˛ -–˛$$-ßÊ˛sÏ˝ –ö˛*ØË˛-–ö˛#yÊ˛$, –¯≈–ö˛$-V>—$. –ö˛$*yÊ˛$ –ÈΔ>À ôË˛ΔÊˇ–ÈôË˛ 1961 –Û˛$ 5ØË˛ AÃÒ˝Øå˛ ÚŸ¥ÎΔäˇz AØÛ˛ A–˛$-«-MÊ¸Øå˛ –¯≈–ö˛$-V>—$ AÖôË˛«-ÑÊ¸ÖÃZ {Á≥–Û˛-’Ö-^ÈyÊ˛$. ôË˛ΔÊˇ-–ÈôË˛ M>ÀÖÃZ AÖôË˛-«-ÑÊ¸ÖÃZMÏ¸ JMÛ¸ –¯≈–ö˛$Ø˙MÊ¸ÃZ CßÊ˛™ΔÊˇ$ –¯≈–ö˛$-V>-–ö˛$$-ÀØË˛$ Á≥ÖÁ≥yÊ˛Ö HMÊ¸-M>-ÀÖÃZ AÖôË˛-«-ÑÊ¸Ö-ÃZMÏ¸ –ö˛$$VÊ¸$Y«∞ Á≥ÖÁ≥yÊ˛Ö, AÖôË˛-«-ÑÊ¸-

¥˘sÓ˝ Á≥»ÑÊ¸À {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸Ö MÊ¸ØË˛$œ, ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ‘È{Á‹¢-kqÀ$ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸Áfl˝ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*-V>-¿-–ö˛ñ-®Æ∞ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ-¿Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. 1940 ØË˛$Ö_ 1980 –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ M¯Ãå˝z –ÈΔäˇ Ô≥«ƒÊ˝$yä˛V> –ö˛«~›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛, ƒÊ˝$$Ø˛O-sÒ˝yä˛ Ù‹tså˝fi Bãú A–˛$-«M> ¥˘sÍ ¥˘sÓ˝V> EÁ≥-{VÊ¸-‡-ÀØË˛$, AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛-ØË˛-ÀØË˛$ ΔÊˇÁfl˝-Á‹≈ÖV> f«¥ÎΔˇ$$. AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛ØË˛ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*-VÊ¸ÖÃZ Ú≥O^Û˛Δˇ$$ M¯Á‹Ö ¥˘sÓ˝ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ-øÊ˝-–˛$OÖ®. ΔˇÖy¯ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛¶ Á‹–ö˛$-ƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ CÖV>œÖyä˛Ú≥O ßëyÏ˛ M¯Á‹Ö fΔÊˇ√ØË˛$œ ªÍÕ-Ì‹tMä¸ ÑÏ¸Á≥-◊˝$-ÀØË˛$ A¿-–ö˛ñ®Æ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$, AÃÍ Δ>M¸så˝ ÑÏ¸Á≥◊Ï˝ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ fΔÊˇ√Øå˛ ‘È{Á‹-–Û˛-ôË˛¢-À® Ú≥O^Û˛Δˇ$$ AΔˇ$$Ö®. D ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸ÖÃZ –È«-MÊ¸$ØË˛≤ Ø˛OÁ≥#◊˝≈Ö, B´®-Á≥ôË˛≈Ö {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ßÛ˛‘ÈÃZœ –ö˛$Δˇ-–ö˛-«MÏ¸ ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ ΔˇÖy¯ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛ÆÖ ôË˛ΔÊˇ–ÈôË˛ fΔÊˇ√± MÊ¸$ßÛ˛ÀΔˇ$$Ö®. ©Öô¯ “ÃÒ˝O-ØË˛ÖôË˛ –ö˛$Ö® fΔÊˇ√± Δ>M¸rœ ∞Á≥#-◊˝$-ÀØË˛$, ‘È{Á‹¢-–Û˛-ôË˛¢-ÀØË˛$ A–˛$-«M>, ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ ôË˛–ö˛$ ßÛ˛‘È-ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇÌ≥µÖ-^Ë˛$-MˆØÈ≤Δˇ$$. AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛ØË˛, ÑÏ¸Á≥-◊˝$À A¿-–ö˛ñ®Æ M¯Á‹Ö EÁ≥-ƒÒ˝*-WÖ-^Ë˛$Mˆ-ØÈ≤Δˇ$$. fΔÊˇ√± ‘È{Á‹-kq-ÀÃZ AôË˛≈ÖôË˛ {Á≥Ì‹®Æ ¥˜Ö®ØË˛ –˛ÖÚfl˝Δäˇ –ÈØå˛ {ªÍØå˛ A–˛$-«-M>ÃZ 1968 & 1972 –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ ^Ë˛Ö{ßÊ˛$-yÏ˛-Ú≥OMÏ¸ –¯≈–ö˛$-V>-–ö˛$$ÀØË˛$ Á≥ÖÌ≥ØË˛ A¥˘ÃZ –¯≈–ö˛$-Ø˙MÊ¸ M¯Á‹Ö ›ÎrΔäˇ≤ V Δ>M¸så˝ ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö-®Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸ 1 {Á≥ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸Ö ôË˛ΔÊˇ–ÈôË˛ A–˛$-«M> -Á‹µÖ®Ö_ ›˜ÖôË˛ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸-‡∞≤ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ-¿Ö^Û˛ÃZV> ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$r$œ –ö˛$ΔˆMÊ¸ AyÊ˛$VÊ¸$ –Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. 1957 ØË˛–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 3ØË˛ Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸ 2 ØË˛$ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ-¿Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. D›Î« EÁ≥{VÊ¸-Áfl˝ÖÃZ "ÃÒ˝OM>' AØÛ˛ MÊ¸$MÊ¸PØË˛$ MÊ¸*yë Á≥Ö¥ÎΔÊˇ$. 1950 & 60 À –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$r$œ, A–˛$-«-MÊ¸ØË˛$œ AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸Ö-ÃZMÏ¸ fÖôË˛$-–ö˛#ÀØË˛$ {Á≥´ßë-ØË˛ÖV> M¯ôË˛$À$, MÊ¸$MÊ¸PÀ$ Á≥ÖÁ≥yÊ˛Ö {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ-¿Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. AÖôË˛-«-ÑÊ¸ÖÃZ D {¥Î◊˝$À ›Î–ö˛$Δ>¶≈∞≤, –˛À$-Á≥À i–ö˛ØË˛ Á≥«-Ì‹¶-ôË˛$À$ Á≥»-ÑÏ¸Ö-^Ë˛-yë-∞MÏ¸, AÖôË˛«ÑÊ¸ –ÈôÈ-–ö˛-ΔÊˇ-◊˝ÖÃZ ΔÛˇyÏ˛-ƒÙ˝$-ÁŸØå˛ fÖôË˛$-–ö˛#À$, –ö˛*ØË˛-–ö˛#À {¥Î◊˝$ÀÚ≥O H —´ßÊ˛ÖV> {Á≥øÍ-—ôË˛Ö ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ö® ô˛À$-Á‹$-M¯-yë-∞MÏ¸ EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸Á≥yÏ˛Ö®. D {MÊ¸–ö˛$ÖÃZ –˛ØË˛MÏ¸P Ü«W {¥Î◊Í-Àô¯ –ö˛_aØË˛ fÖôË˛$-–ö˛#À$ AΔÊˇ$ßÊ˛$. ßÊ˛$ΔÊˇ-ßÊ˛ñ-ÁŸt-–ö˛-‘ÈôË˛$¢, Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸ 2 Á≥#ØË˛@{Á≥–Û˛‘Ë˝Ö fΔÊˇ-VÊ¸-ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. Á‹$µÜ≤Mä¸ 2, 1958 H{Ì≥Ãå˝ÃZ GVÊ¸$–ö˛ –ÈôÈ-–ö˛-ΔÊˇ-◊˝ÖÃZ M>Õ-¥˘-Δˇ$$Ö®.

ÖÃZ Ø˙MÊ¸ yëMÏ¸ÖVä¸ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö, Ù‹µã‹ –ÈMä¸, –ö˛$*Øå˛ –ÈMä¸ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö ÃÍÖsÏ˝ GØ¯≤ ô¯Õ Áú$sÍtÀ$ ›Î´®Ö_ GØ¯≤ –˛$OÀ$ Δ>‚Ê˝ÂØË˛$ CΔÊˇ$ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ* ßësÍΔˇ$$.

–ö˛$*Øå˛ —$ÁŸØå˛ ôË˛ΔÊˇ$–ÈôË˛ M>ÀÖÃZ –ö˛*ØË˛-–ö˛#-ÀØË˛$ ^Ë˛Ö{ßÊ˛$∞ Ú≥OMÏ¸ °Ì‹-M¸‚Ù˝Â M>ΔÊˇ≈-{MÊ¸-–ö˛*ÀMÊ¸$ ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝, A–˛$-«M> {÷M>ΔÊˇÖ ^Ë˛$sÍtΔˇ$$. AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ –ö˛$*Øå˛ —$ÁŸØå˛ÃZ ΔÊˇ⁄Î≈ –˛ØË˛$-MÊ¸Öf –Û˛Ì‹Ö®. ôË˛–ö˛$ –ö˛$*Øå˛ {¥ÎgÒ˝Mä¸t " GØå˛ 1'' GØ¯≤ ›ÎΔÊˇ$œ —Áú-À-–ö˛$-ƒÊ˝*≈MÊ¸ ›˘—ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ –ö˛$*Øå˛ —$ÁŸØå˛ {Á≥ƒÊ˝$-ôÈ≤∞≤ —ΔÊˇ-—$Ö-^Ë˛$MˆÖ®. A–˛$-«M> ôË˛–ö˛$ –ö˛$*Øå˛ —$ÁŸØå˛ " A¥˘ÃZ'' ßë”Δ> 1969 lÃÒ˝O 20ØË˛ ^Ë˛Ö{ßÊ˛$∞ Ú≥OMÏ¸ —f-ƒÊ˝$-–ö˛Ö-ôË˛ÖV> ±Ãå˝ BΔäˇ√ ›ÎâÖVä¸ô¯¥Îr$ –ö˛$Δ¯ CßÊ˛™«∞(GyÏ˛”Øå˛ BÕâØå˛, –˛$OM¸Ãå˝ M¯ÕØå˛ﬁ) Á≥ÖÌ≥Ö®.

ı‹µã‹ ı‹tÁŸØå˛ 1971 H{Ì≥Ãå˝ 19ØË˛ ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ ı‹µã‹ Ù‹tÁŸØå˛ ‘ÈÀ*≈så˝ 1∞ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ_ Á‹Áú-Œ-MÊ¸ñ-ôË˛-–˛$OÖ®. A–˛$-«M> ôË˛–ö˛$ Ù‹µã‹ Ù‹tÁŸØå˛ Ú‹OPÃÍªå˝ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*-WÖ_ —Áú-À–˛$OÖ®. ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ M>›˘√ØÈså˝ –ÈÃÒ˝« ¥˘À≈-Mˆ–í˛ AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ÖÃZ GMÊ¸$P–ö˛ Δ¯kÀ$ VÊ¸yÏ˛Ì≥ (fØË˛-–ö˛« 1994 ØË˛$ÖyÏ˛ –ö˛*«a 1995 –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ 438 Δ¯kÀ$)^Ë˛«{ôË˛ Á‹ñÌŸtÖ-^ÈyÊ˛$. M¯Ãå˝z–ÈΔäˇ –ö˛$$WÌ‹ØË˛ ôË˛ΔÊˇ–ÈôË˛ ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ$ AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛ØË˛, M>ΔÊˇ≈-{MÊ¸-–ö˛*ÃZœ JMÊ¸-«-Mˆ-MÊ¸ΔÊˇ$ Á‹Áﬂ˝-MÊ¸-«Ö-^Ë˛-yë-∞MÏ¸

ı‹µã‹ »Ú‹Δäˇa Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ –ö˛$$Q≈ –ö˛≈–ö˛-Á‹¶À$, ›Î¶Á≥ØË˛ {Á≥ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö, Á‹Ö–ö˛-ôË˛fiΔÊˇÖ 1947 Ìúh-MÊ¸Ãå˝ »Ú‹Δäˇa ÃÙ˝ªü-ΔÛˇ-r», AÁfl˝√-ßë-ªÍßä˛ 1958 yÏ˛ÚúØå˛fi »Ú‹Δäˇa AÖyä˛ y˛–ö˛Àã≥–˛$Öså˝ BΔÊˇY-Ø˛O-gÙ˝-ÁŸØå˛ 1962 CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ ØÛ˛ÁŸ-ØË˛Ãå˝ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ BØå˛ Ù‹µã‹ »Ú‹Δäˇa AÁfl˝√-ßë-ªÍßä˛ 1963 ôË˛$Ö∫ ØË˛$Ö_ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ ›˚ÖyÏ˛ÖVä¸ Δ>M¸så˝, øÍΔÊˇ-°ƒÊ˝$ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ Δ>M¸så˝ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸Ö (1971ÃZ —{MÊ¸–í˛$ ›ÎΔ>ªÍƒå˝$ Ù‹µã‹ Ú‹ÖrΔäˇV> ı≥ΔÊˇ$ –ö˛*Δ>aΔÊˇ$) 1966 CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ CØå˛Ì‹tr*≈så˝ Bãú «–˛*så˝ Ú‹∞fiÖVä¸, y˛{‡-yÊ˛*Øå˛ 1967 GMä¸fiÁ≥«–˛$Ö-rÃå˝ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈-∞-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛

1969 1971 1972 1972 1974 1982

GΔäˇ¢ Ù‹tÁŸØå˛ AÁfl˝√-ßë-ªÍßä˛ CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ Ù‹µã‹ »Ú‹Δäˇa BΔÊˇY-Ø˛O-gÙ˝-ÁŸØå˛ (C{›˘) HΔ>µr$ Á‹°ãŸ ´ßë–ö˛Øå˛ Ù‹µã‹ Ú‹ÖrΔäˇ, {÷Áfl˝-«-M¯r ı‹µã‹ AÌ≥œ-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ Ú‹ÖrΔäˇ, AÁfl˝√-ßë-ªÍßä˛ CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ Ú‹OÖsÏ˝-ÌúMä¸ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ {¥ÎgÒ˝Mä¸t, ªÒ˝ÖVÊ¸$-‚Ê˝îΔÊˇ$ (2018ÃZ yë.EyÏ˛Ì≥ Δ>–ö˛$-^Ë˛Ö{ßÊ˛Δ>–ö˛# ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ Ú‹ÖrΔäˇ V> ı≥ΔÊˇ$ –ö˛*Δ>aΔÊˇ$) ØÛ˛ÁŸ-ØË˛Ãå˝ Δˇ–˛*ΔÛˇ Ú‹∞fiÖVä¸ Ú‹ÖrΔäˇ, ÚflO˝ßÊ˛-Δ>-ªÍßä˛ CÖsÏ˝-{VÛ¸-sÒ˝yä˛ V¸Oy˛yä˛ —$Ú‹OfiÃå˝ y˛–ö˛-À-Ú≥√Öså˝ {¥˘{V>Ö

Á‹$±Ãå˝ ´ßÊ˛–ö˛‚Ê˝

Ì‹CJ, ßÊ˛ £Ê˛Δäˇz AÖÚ≥OΔäˇ “$yÏ˛ƒÊ˝*, ∏ÎΔÊˇ√Δäˇ –˛Oã‹ {Ú≥Ì‹y˛Öså˝ ØÛ˛ÁŸØË˛Ãå˝ hƒÒ˝*{V>ÌúMä¸ bÈØË˛Ãå˝

øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö {Á≥ƒÒ˝*-WÖ-_ØË˛ –ö˛$$Q≈ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸-‡À$, Δ>M¸r$œ 1975 BΔÊˇ≈-øÊ˝rt & –˛$$rt-–˛$$-ßÊ˛sÏ˝ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸Áfl˝Ö 1979 øÍÁ‹PΔÊˇ 1 & –˛$$rt-–˛$$-ßÊ˛sÏ˝ GΔäˇ¢ A∫j-ΔÛˇ”-ÁŸØå˛ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸Áfl˝Ö 1979 Δ¯Ìfl˝◊Ï˝ & ›˚ÖyÏ˛ÖVä¸ Δ>M¸så˝ 1980 Δ¯Ìfl˝◊Ï˝ 1 & ›˚ÖyÏ˛ÖVä¸ Δ>M¸så˝ 1981 øÍÁ‹PΔÊˇ 2 & ®”°ƒÊ˝$ GΔäˇ¢ A∫j-ΔÛˇ”-ÁŸØå˛ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸Áfl˝Ö 1981 Δ¯Ìfl˝◊Ï˝ yÏ˛1 & ›˚ÖyÏ˛ÖVä¸ Δ>M¸så˝ 1981 CØå˛›Îså˝ 1G & hƒÒ˝* Ù-‹t-ÁŸ-ØË˛» EÁ≥-{VÊ¸Áfl˝Ö 1983 Δ¯Ìfl˝◊Ï˝ yÏ˛2 & ›˚ÖyÏ˛ÖVä¸ Δ>M¸så˝ 1983 CØå˛›Îså˝ 1º & “$r-ƒÒ˝*-Δ>ÃÍ-h-MÊ¸Ãå˝ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸Áfl˝Ö 1987 {›˘Pã‹ ({Ú‹t^˛yä˛ Δ¯Ìfl˝◊Ï˝ Ì‹»ã‹) & ›˚ÖyÏ˛ÖVä¸ Δ>M¸så˝ 1988 IBΔäˇGã‹ 1G & “$r-ƒÒ˝*-Δ>ÃÍ-h-MÊ¸Ãå˝ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸Áfl˝Ö 1991 IBΔäˇGã‹ 1º & “$r-ƒÒ˝*-Δ>ÃÍ-h-MÊ¸Ãå˝ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸Áfl˝Ö 1993 ¥˘ÃÍΔäˇ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ ÃÍÖ^å˛ –˛Ìfl˝-MÊ¸Ãå˝ (Ì≥Gã‹GÃå˝—) 1995 IBΔäˇGã‹ 1Ì‹ & “$r-ƒÒ˝*-Δ>ÃÍ-h-MÊ¸Ãå˝ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸Áfl˝Ö 1997 IBΔäˇGã‹ 1yÏ˛ & “$r-ƒÒ˝*-Δ>ÃÍ-h-MÊ¸Ãå˝˝ EÁ≥-{VÊ¸Áfl˝Ö 1999 Ì≥4 & KÁŸØå˛ CØå˛›Îså˝1 & KÁŸØ¯-{VÊ¸-ÌúMä¸ AÌ≥œ-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ 2005 Ì≥5 M>Δ¯t ‘Èså˝ 1 & M>Δ¯t-{V>-ÌúMä¸ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ 2007 M>Δ¯t ‘Èså˝ 2 & M>Δ¯t-{V>-ÌúMä¸ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ 2008 M>Δ¯t ‘Èså˝ 2G & M>Δ¯t-{V>-ÌúMä¸ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ 2009 KÁŸØå˛ CØå˛›Îså˝ 2 & KÁŸ-Ø¯-{VÊ¸-ÌúMä¸ AÌ≥œ-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ 2013 Á‹ΔÊˇ‚å˝ & KÁŸØ¯-{VÊ¸-ÌúMä¸ AÌ≥œ-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ AÖX-M>-Δ>-∞MÏ¸ –ö˛^ÈaΔˇ$$. 1975ÃZ CΔÊˇ$ ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ –˛$$-ßÊ˛sÏ˝ øÍVÊ¸-›Î”–ö˛$≈ –¯≈–ö˛$-V>-–ö˛$$À Ø˙MÊ¸ "A¥˘ÃZ ›˘ƒÊ˝$$gå˝ {¥ÎgÒ˝Mä¸t' Á≥Ö¥ÎΔÊˇ$. 1991ÃZ ›˘—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ —_aØË˛≤Ö AƒÊ˝*≈MÊ¸ A–˛$-«M> ΔÊˇ⁄Î≈ MÊ¸ÀÌ‹ ÁŸsÏ˝-Ãå˝&-“$Δäˇ M>ΔÊˇ≈-{MÊ¸–ö˛$Ö ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝Ö-^ÈΔˇ$$. D {¥ÎgÒ˝Mä¸t CΔÊˇ$ ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ Á≥ΔÊˇ-Á‹µΔÊˇ Á‹Áfl˝-M>Δ>∞MÏ¸ Á≥#ØÈ® –Û˛Ì‹Ö®.

øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö AÖôË˛-«ÑÊ¸ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*-V>À$ 1960 ßÊ˛‘Ë˝-MÊ¸ÖÃZ ÜΔÊˇ$-–ö˛-ØË˛Ö-ôË˛-Á≥#ΔÊˇÖ ’–È-ΔÊˇœ-ÃZ∞ ôË˛$Ö∫ AØÛ˛ JMÊ¸ _ØË˛≤ –ö˛$ôË˛fi≈-M>ΔÊˇ {V>–ö˛$ÖÃZ "ôË˛$Ö∫ DM¸”-sZ-«-ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ Δ>M¸så˝ ÃÍÖ^å˛ Ù‹tÁŸ-Øå˛'(sÏ˝CBΔäˇGÃå˝Gã‹)ØË˛$ BΔÊˇÖ¿Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛- AÖôË˛-«-ÑÊ¸-‘È-{Á‹¢-–Û˛ôË˛¢ —{MÊ¸–í˛$ ›ÎΔ>-ªÍƒå˝$ ôË˛$Ö∫ {V>–ö˛$Ö Δ>M¸så˝ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*-V>-∞MÏ¸ AØË˛$-–˛OØË˛®V> Á‹*_Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. øÊ˝*—$ AƒÊ˝$-›ÎPÖôË˛ øÊ˝*–ö˛$-´ßÊ˛≈-ΔÛˇ-QMÊ¸$ ßÊ˛VÊ¸Y-ΔÊˇV> EÖyÊ˛r–Û˛$ GÖÌ≥MÊ¸MÊ¸$ AÁ‹À$ M>ΔÊˇ◊˝Ö. 1963 ØË˛–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 21ØË˛ øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ Δ>M¸så˝ Ø˛OMÓ¸ A¥Î`∞ —f-ƒÊ˝$-–ö˛Ö-ôË˛ÖV> {Á≥ƒÒ˝* WÖ_Ö®. 715MÏ¸ÃZÀ ∫ΔÊˇ$–ö˛# MÊ¸ÕWØË˛ ›˚ÖyÏ˛ÖVä¸ Δ>M¸så˝∞ A–˛$«M> ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö-®Ö-_Ö®. ØÈÀ$-VÛ¸‚Ê˝Â ôË˛ΔÊˇ-–ÈôË˛ 1967 ØË˛–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 20ØË˛ HyÊ˛$ MÏ¸ÃZÀ ∫ΔÊˇ$-–ö˛#ô¯ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ Á‹”ßÛ˛÷ ´ßÊ˛”∞ Δ>M¸så˝ Δ¯Ìfl˝◊Ï˝&75(BΔäˇ Úfl˝^å˛&75) ∞«√Ö_ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ^ÈΔÊˇ$. Δ¯Ìfl˝◊Ï˝ Δ>M¸rœô¯ ¥Îr$ ——´ßÊ˛ ßÛ˛‘È-ÀMÊ¸$ ^˛Ö®ØË˛ Δ>M¸r$œ GÖ100(›˘-—-ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛), A–˛$-«M> Δ>M¸r$œ Ø˛OMÓ¸ A¥Î`, Ø˛OMÓ¸ sZ–ö˛*-‡Mä¸, BΔ>Pã‹, kyÏ˛ yëΔäˇt, {∏ÎØå˛fi MÊ¸$ ^˛Ö®ØË˛ {yëVÊ¸Øå˛, {ºrØå˛ Á‹$≈Mä¸, Ô≥rΔäˇ –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ –˛Ø¯≤ ôË˛$Ö∫ Δ>M¸så˝ ÃÍÖ^å˛ Ù‹tÁŸØå˛ ØË˛$Ö_ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ-¿Ö-^ÈΔÊˇ$. CÁ≥µ-sÏ˝-–ö˛-ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ 1500MÏ¸ Ú≥OV> Δ¯Ìfl˝◊Ï˝ Δ>M¸rœØË˛$ —f-ƒÊ˝$-–ö˛Ö-ôË˛ÖV> {Á≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ ^ÈΔÊˇ$. ¥˘ÃÍΔäˇ ‘ÈsÏ˝-ÃÒ˝Oså˝ ÃÍÖ^å˛ –˛Ìfl˝-MÊ¸Ãå˝(Ì≥Gã‹GÃå˝—)˝ 44 “$rΔÊˇœ GôË˛$¢, 2.8 –È≈Á‹ÖÃZ ∞«√-ôË˛-–˛$OØË˛ øÍΔÊˇ-ôË˛-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝Á≥# ôˆÕ Ú≥ßÊ˛™ Δ>M¸så˝. ©∞∞ 1993 Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫ΔÊˇ$ 20ØË˛ Δ¯ßÊ˛-Ô‹-ÃZMÏ¸ {Á≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ^ÈΔÊˇ$.

Á‹tyÓ˛

–ö˛ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Ãå˝ AΔÊˇæØ¨˛ ∑ ‘Ë˝∞–ÈΔÊˇÖ 13 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

www.andhrajyothy com

i–ö˛ØË˛ {Á≥–ö˛*◊˝ ›Î¶Δˇ$$∞ ¥˘Õa ^˛ı≥µ ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸Ö H®? ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸Ö, ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈VÊ¸Ö 1. ßë«{ßÊ˛≈ΔÛˇQ {¥Î–ö˛*◊Ï˝MÊ¸ÖV> –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z ªÍ≈ÖMä¸ {Á≥Á‹$¢ôË˛Ö GÖôË˛V> ∞ΔÊˇ~Δˇ$$Ö_Ö®? 1) yëÀΔäˇ 1.25 º) yëÀΔäˇ 1.95 Ì‹) yëÀΔäˇ 1.90 yÏ˛) yëÀΔäˇ 1.50 2. CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*ÃZ NSSO –ÈΔÊˇ$ MPCE∞ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝›Î« V> H Á‹Ö–ö˛ôË˛fiΔ>∞≤ {¥ÎÜÁ≥®MÊ¸V> °Á‹$MˆØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$? 1) 1973 & 74 2) 1977 & 78 3) 1980 & 81 4) 1985 & 86 3. "ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸Ö AØÛ˛ Á‹–ö˛$${ßÊ˛ÖÃZ –ö˛$ØË˛Ö JMÊ¸PΔÊˇÖ JMÊ¸ ©—ÃZ Á‹Öô¯ÁŸÖV> i—Ö^Ë˛ÃÙ˝Ö' A∞ G–ö˛ΔÊˇ$ ı≥ΔˆPØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$? 1) –ö˛$‡ôÈ√V>Ö´© 2) V˙ôË˛–í˛$ –ö˛*£Ê˛*Δäˇ 3) GÖGã‹.›Î”—$ØÈ£Ê˛Øå˛ 4) A–ö˛$ΔÊˇ¢≈ı‹Øå˛ 4. Planning and the poor {VÊ¸Ö£Ê˛ ΔÊˇ^Ë˛Δˇ$$ôË˛? 1) V˙ôË˛–í˛$ –ö˛*£Ê˛*Δäˇ 2) —$ØË˛·ã‹ 3) A–ö˛$ΔÊˇ¢≈ı‹Øå˛ 4) ßÊ˛ÖyÛ˛MÊ¸Δäˇ 5. ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸Ö AØÛ˛® ..... 1) B«¶MÊ¸ Á‹–ö˛$Á‹≈ 2) ›Î–ö˛*hMÊ¸ Á‹–ö˛$Á‹≈ 3) 1, 2 4) H©M>ßÊ˛$ 6. º.Gã‹.—$ØË˛·ã‹ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸Ö ‘ÈôË˛Ö? 1) 36.1% 2) 37.1% 3) 38.1% 4) 39.1% 7. –ö˛ñ®Æ ^Û˛Ì‹ØË˛ ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸ ΔÛˇQ AØÛ˛ øÍ–ö˛ØË˛ØË˛$ {Á≥–Û˛‘Ë˝ Ú≥sÏ˝tØË˛ B«¶MÊ¸ Á‹ÖÁú$Ö? 1) 6–ö˛ 2) 7–ö˛ 3) 8–ö˛ 4) 14–ö˛ 8. –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ Ø˛ÀMÊ¸$ ^Û˛ı‹ –ö˛≈ƒÊ˝$Ö {Á≥Ü Ø˛ÃÍ ^Û˛›Î¢ΔÊˇ∞ øÍ—Ö_ ı≥ßÊ˛«M>∞≤ VÊ¸◊Ï˝Ö^Û˛ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ H®? 1) MRP 2) URP 3) ARP 4) BPL 9. NSSO 68–ö˛ Δ˙Öyä˛ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ {V>–ö˛*ÃZœ Δ¯kMÊ¸$ ôË˛ÀÁ‹« —∞ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸ –ö˛≈ƒÊ˝$Ö GÖôË˛? 1) ΔÊˇ*.27.20 2) ΔÊˇ*.33.33 3) ΔÊˇ*.28.20 4) ΔÊˇ*.29.30 10. 2004&05ÃZ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸ ΔÛˇr$ GÖôË˛? 1) 21.9% 2) 37.2% 3) 38.4% 4) 40.2% 11. ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸ÖÚ≥O {Á≥ôË˛≈ÑÊ¸ ßëyÏ˛ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖøÊ˝–˛$OØË˛ Á‹Ö–ö˛ôË˛fiΔÊˇÖ? 1) 1970 –ö˛$$ÖßÊ˛$ 2) 1970 ßÊ˛‘Ë˝MÊ¸ÖÃZ 3) 1960 ßÊ˛‘Ë˝MÊ¸ÖÃZ 4) 1950 ßÊ˛‘Ë˝MÊ¸ÖÃZ 12. Á‹MÛ¸fiØÈ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝∞ {V>“$◊Í¿–ö˛ñ®Æ –ö˛$Ö{ÜôË˛” ‘ÈQ H EßÛ˛™‘Ë˝Ö M¯Á‹Ö ∞ƒÊ˝$—$Ö_Ö®? G) BPL VÊ¸$«¢Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö M¯Á‹Ö º) {V>–ö˛*ÃZœ BPL VÊ¸$«¢Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö M¯Á‹Ö Ì‹) Á≥rt◊ÍÃZœ BPL M¯Á‹Ö 4) {V>–ö˛*ÃZœ BPL VÊ¸$«¢Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö M¯Á‹Ö 13. The challenge of world poverty {VÊ¸Ö£Ê˛ ΔÊˇ^Ë˛Δˇ$$ôË˛? 1) V˙ΔÊˇ–í˛ßÊ˛ô¨˛ 2) VÊ¸$ØÈ≤Δäˇ —$Δ>¶Ãå˝ 3) ßÊ˛Öô˛–ÈÃÍ 4) A–ö˛$ΔÊˇ¢≈ı‹Øå˛

Ì‹Ì≥BΔäˇI Ú‹Ö{rÃå˝ Á≥–ö˛Δäˇ »Ú‹Δäˇa CØå˛-Ì‹t-r*≈-så˝(-Ì‹-Ì≥-B-ΔäˇI)& MÏ¸Ö® Eß¯≈-V>À øÊ˝»¢MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®. RÍ‰À$: 34 Eß¯≈V>À$: CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸ BÔú-Á‹ΔÊˇ$œ 12, CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸ AÌ‹Ú‹tÖr$œ 4, sÒ˝MÓ¸≤-ÌŸ-ƒÊ˝$ØË˛$œ 7, l∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ Ìﬂ˝Ö© {sÍØ¨˛ﬁ-ÃÙ˝-r-ΔÊˇ$œ 1, AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖr$œ 7, GÖsÓ˝-Gã‹ 3 BØ¨˛ÃÒ˝OØ¨˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 29 –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.cpri.in

CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛ B»√

CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$-Ø¨˛ B»√& Áfl˝–ö˛-ÃÍ™Δäˇ (Á‹ΔÛˇ”-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ BsZ-–Û˛$-sÒ˝yä˛ M>Δ¯t-{V>ÁúΔäˇ) Eß¯≈-V>À øÊ˝»¢MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®. RÍ‰À$: 20 AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: CÖr-Δäˇ(-GÖ-Ô≥-Ô‹)-ô¯-¥Îr$ ΩH/-Ω-G-Ô‹fi(-–Û˛$£ä˛fi) Á≥N«¢^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 1 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ 20 ØË˛$Ö_ 25 H‚Ê˝œ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ EÖyëÕ. GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: Δ>ôË˛ Á≥»ÑÊ¸, Ì≥h-MÊ¸Ãå˝ Ìúså˝-Ø˛ã‹ sÒ˝ã‹t, –˛$yÏ˛-MÊ¸Ãå˝ GV>j-—$ØÛ˛-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ ßë”Δ> BØ¨˛ÃÒ˝OØ¨˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: ØË˛–ö˛Ö-∫ΔÊˇ$ 3

14. MÏ¸Ö® –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ ßë«{ßÊ˛≈ ΔÛˇQ B´ßëΔÊˇÖV> ı≥ßÊ˛«M>∞≤ ÃÒ˝MÏ¸PÖ^Û˛ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ H®? 1) HCR 2) ÃÍΔˇÖgå˝ ΔÛˇQ 3) W± Á‹*_ 4) Poverty gap 15. 2011-&12ÃZ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛–È« Á‹ÖQ≈? 1) 269.3 —$ÕƒÊ˝$ØË˛$œ 2) 259.3 —$ÕƒÊ˝$ØË˛$œ 3) 249.3 —$ÕƒÊ˝$ØË˛$œ 4) 289.3 —$ÕƒÊ˝$ØË˛$œ 16. Á‹$ΔÛˇãŸ sÒ˝ÖyÊ˛*ÀPΔäˇ MˆÀ–ö˛*ØË˛ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ∞ Á≥#ØË˛@ Á‹“$ÑÊ¸ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yë∞MÏ¸ ∞ƒÊ˝$—$Ö_ØË˛ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ H®? 1) ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Δ>fØå˛ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ 2) ÀM>z–ÈÃÍ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ 3) Á‹MÛ¸ﬁØÈ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ 4) Áﬂ˝Ô‹–í˛$ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ 17. ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Δ>fØå˛ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ Á≥rt◊ÍÃZœ MPCE GÖôË˛V> EÖ®? 1) ΔÊˇ*.1000 2) ΔÊˇ*.1207 3) ΔÊˇ*.1300 4) ΔÊˇ*.1407 18. MÏ¸Ö® –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛–È«ÃZ AÖôË˛Δ>ÀØË˛$ MˆÕ^Û˛ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ H®? 1) Poverty gap index 2) HCR

ØË˛ôË˛À$ H —´ßÊ˛ÖV> EÖsÍΔˇ$$? 1) ôË˛MÊ¸$P–ö˛ 2) GMÊ¸$P–ö˛ 3) ‘Ë˝îØË˛≈Ö 4) VÊ¸«ÁŸxÖ 28. MÏ¸Ö® –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ BßëƒÊ˝$ –ÈÁ‹¢–ö˛ Á≥ÖÌ≥◊Ó˝ ΔÛˇQ H®? 1) ÃÍΔˇÖgå˝ ΔÛˇQ 2) ÃÍÁúΔäˇ ΔÛˇQ 3) MÊ¸$kØ˛så˝ ΔÛˇQ 4) Ú≥O–ö˛±≤ 29. i–ö˛ØË˛ {Á≥–ö˛*◊˝ ›Î¶Δˇ$$∞ ¥˘Õa ^˛ı≥µ ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸Ö H®? 1) ∞ΔÊˇı≥ÑÊ¸ 2) ›Îı≥ÑÊ¸ 3) 1, 2 4) H©M>ßÊ˛$ 30. MÏ¸Ö® –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ BßëƒÊ˝$ Á‹–ö˛*ØË˛ôË˛”Ö ›Î´®ı‹¢ MÊ¸ØË˛$ –ö˛$ΔÊˇ$VÊ¸ƒÙ˝$≈ ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸Ö H®? 1) ›Îı≥ÑÊ¸ 2) –ÈÁ‹¢—MÊ¸ 3) ∞ΔÊˇı≥ÑÊ¸ 4) Ú≥O–ö˛±≤ 31. CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*ÃZ ¥˘ÁŸM>‡ΔÊˇ ›Î¶Δˇ$$∞ ∞ΔÊˇ~Δˇ$$Ö_ØË˛ Á‹Ö–ö˛ôË˛ﬁΔÊˇÖ H®? 1) 1960 2) 1965 3) 1969 4) 1973 32. CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*ÃZ ›Î´ßëΔÊˇ◊˝ÖV> G∞≤ Á‹Ö–ö˛ôË˛ﬁΔ>ÀMÊ¸$ JMÊ¸›Î« ı≥ßÊ˛«M>∞≤ AÖ^Ë˛ØÈ –Û˛›Î¢ΔÊˇ$? 1) ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ 2) –ö˛$*yÊ˛$ 4) ØÈÀ$VÊ¸$ 5) AΔˇ$$ßÊ˛$ 33. ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Δ>fØå˛ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸Ö ôË˛MÊ¸$P–ö˛V>

¥˘sÓ˝ Á≥»ÑÊ¸À {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸Ö - & CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ GM>ØË˛—$ 3) W± Á‹*_ 4) H©M>ßÊ˛$ 19. MÏ¸Ö® –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸Ö ôË˛MÊ¸$P–ö˛V> EØË˛≤®? 1) V¯–È 2) AÖyÊ˛–ö˛*Øå˛ ∞M¯ªÍΔäˇ ©–ö˛#À$ 3) ^Ë˛°¢ã‹VÊ¸…ä˛ 4) MÛ¸ΔÊˇ‚Ê˝ 20. –ö˛ΔÊˇÃå˝z ªÍ≈ÖMä¸&2015 ∞–Û˛®MÊ¸ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸ ‘ÈôË˛Ö? 1) 21.9% 2) 25.3% 3) 21.8% 4) 29.1% 21. 2011 fØÈøÍ ÃÒ˝MÊ¸PÀ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*ÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸ ‘ÈôË˛Ö? 1) 29.9% 2) 26% 3) 22% 4) 21.3% 22. ÀM>z–ÈÃÍ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ Á‹*_Ö_ØË˛ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ? 1) URP Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ AØË˛$Á‹«Ö^ÈÕ 2) Δ>{⁄ÎtÀ ´ßÊ˛ΔÊˇÀ Á‹*_ 3) HCR Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ 4) MRP Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ 23. HCR Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ∞ —–ö˛$«ÿÖ^Û˛–ÈΔÊˇ$ G–ö˛ΔÊˇ$? 1) G.M¸.ı‹Øå˛ 2) ßÊ˛ÖyÛ˛MÊ¸Δäˇ 3) Ì≥.yÏ˛.Km 4) –ö˛*«tØå˛ Δ>–˛ÕƒÊ˝$Øå˛ 24. "VÊ¸»º Áﬂ˝u>–¯' ı≥ΔÊˇ$ô¯ {VÊ¸Ö£ë∞≤ G–ö˛ΔÊˇ$ ΔÊˇ_Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$? 1) CÖ®Δ>V>Ö´© 2) V˙ΔÊˇ–í˛ßÊ˛ô¨˛ 3) ±ÀMÊ¸ÖuÊˇ ΔÊˇ£ä˛ 4) A–ö˛$ΔÊˇ¢≈ı‹Øå˛ 25. BÌ‹ƒÊ˝* ØË˛$Ö_ AΔÊˇ¶‘È{Á‹¢ÖÃZ ôˆÕ Ø¯ªÒ˝Ãå˝ ∫Áﬂ˝ì –ö˛$Ü G–ö˛ΔÊˇ$ ¥˜ÖßëΔÊˇ$? 1) ΔÊˇV>≤Δäˇ{Ì≥ãŸ 2) A–ö˛$ΔÊˇ¢≈ı‹Øå˛ 3) ΔÊˇ“Ö{ßÊ˛ØÈ£ä˛ u>VÊ¸*Δäˇ 4) ‘È–ö˛$*≈Ãå˝Á‹Øå˛ 26. "W± Á‹*_'∞ A¿–ö˛ñ®Æ ^Û˛Ì‹ØË˛–ÈΔÊˇ$? 1) W± 2) ÃÍΔˇÖgå˝ 3) ßÊ˛ÖyÛ˛MÊ¸Δäˇ 4) ΔÊˇ£ä˛ 27. W± VÊ¸$◊˝MÊ¸Ö —À$–ö˛ "0'MÏ¸ ßÊ˛VÊ¸YΔÊˇV> EÖsÙ˝ AÁ‹–ö˛*

EØË˛≤ Δ>{ÁŸtÖ? 1) MÛ¸ΔÊˇ‚Ê˝ 2) –ö˛$‡Δ>{ÁŸt 3) V¯–È 4) Ì‹MÏ¸PÖ 34. NSSO 66–ö˛ Δ˙Öyä˛ H Á‹Ö–ö˛ôË˛fiΔ>∞MÏ¸ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®Ö_Ö®? 1) 2007&08 2) 2008&09 3) 2009&10 4) 2011&12 35. CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*ÃZ AôË˛≈´®MÊ¸ ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸Ö EØË˛≤ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛¥ÎÕôË˛ {¥ÎÖôË˛Ö? 1) …Ï˛Œœ 2) ^Ë˛°¢ã‹VÊ¸…ä˛ 3) ßë{ßëØË˛VÊ¸Δäˇ Áfl˝–Û˛Œ 4) ÀÑÊ¸ ©–ö˛#À$ 36. Á‹$ΔÛˇãŸ sÒ˝ÖyÊ˛*ÀPΔäˇ MÊ¸—$sÓ˝ ∞ƒÊ˝$—$Ö_ØË˛ Á‹Ö–ö˛ôË˛fiΔÊˇÖ? 1) 2003 2) 2004 3) 2005 4) 2006 37. MÏ¸Ö® –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸ ∞ΔÊˇ*√ÀØË˛MÊ¸$ {¥Î´ßëØË˛≈Ö C_aØË˛ {Á≥◊Í„MÊ¸? 1) ØÈÀ$VÊ¸$ 2) AΔˇ$$ßÊ˛$ 3) BΔÊˇ$ 4) HyÊ˛$ 38. ı≥ßÊ˛«M>∞MÏ¸ M>ΔÊˇ◊˝Ö M>∞® H®? 1) ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈VÊ¸Ö 2) –ö˛ØË˛ΔÊˇ$À AÀµ —∞ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸Ö 3) ›ÎÖÌú$MÊ¸ M>ΔÊˇ◊ÍÀ$ 4) A´®MÊ¸ ¥˜ßÊ˛$Á≥# 39. ı≥ßÊ˛«MÊ¸ ∞ΔÊˇ*√ÀØË˛ÃZ MÏ¸Ö® –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ ©ΔÊˇÉM>ÕMÊ¸ ^Ë˛ΔÊˇ≈ H®? 1) fØÈøÍ ôË˛WYÖÁ≥# 2) øÊ˝*Á‹ÖÁ‹PΔÊˇ◊˝À A–ö˛$À$ 3) {V>“$◊˝ ¥Î«{‘È—$MÓ¸MÊ¸ΔÊˇ◊˝ 4) Ú≥O–ö˛±≤ 40. CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*ÃZ URP Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ B´ßëΔÊˇÖV> ı≥ßÊ˛«M>∞≤ GÁ≥µsÏ˝ –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ AÖ^Ë˛ØÈ –Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$? 1) 2007 2) 2008 3) 2009 4) 2010 41. NSSO ØË˛$ GÁ≥#µyÊ˛$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$? 1) 1950 2) 1955 3) 1956 4) 1970 42. NSSO 68–ö˛ Δ˙Öyä˛ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ {V>–ö˛*ÃZœ GÖôË˛V> EÖ®? 1) ΔÊˇ*.1000 2) ΔÊˇ*.1009 3) ΔÊˇ*.916 4) ΔÊˇ*.816

–˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.joinindianarmy.nic.in

–˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.fact.co.in

Úú«t-ÃÒ˝O-fΔäˇfi AÖyä˛ M¸—$-MÊ¸Ãå˝fi {sÍ–˛-Ø¨˛-M¯-Δäˇ Õ—$-sÒ˝yä˛& CÖf-±«ÖVä¸ A{Ú≥Ö-sÓ˝ã-‹À øÊ˝»¢MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®. RÍ‰À$: 24 A{Ú≥ÖsÏ˝ã‹ ÌŸã≥ –ö˛≈–ö˛´®: Hyë® —øÍV>À–È» RÍ‰À$: MÊ¸ÖÁ≥N≈-rΔäˇ CÖf±-«ÖVä¸ 2, MÊ¸ÖÁ≥N≈-rΔäˇ Ú‹OØ¨˛fi á CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸ 2, Ì‹—Ãå˝ 3, M¸—$-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 5, –˛$M>-∞-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 5, GÀ-MÏ¸â-MÊ¸Ãå˝ á GÀ-M>â∞Mä¸fi 4, GÀ-M>â-∞Mä¸fi AÖyä˛ CØ¨˛-Á‹$â-–˛$Ö-sÙ˝-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ 1, CØ¨˛-Á‹$â-–˛$Ö-sÙ˝ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ AÖyä˛ MÊ¸Ö{sZÃå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸ 1, CØ¨˛-Á‹$â-–˛$Ö-sÙ˝-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ CÖf±-«ÖVä¸ 1 AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: 2019 fØË˛-–ö˛« 1 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ —øÍ-VÊ¸ÖÃZ ºD/ ΩsÒ˝Mä¸ Á≥N«¢-^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ. AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸ Á≥NΔÊˇ¢Δˇ$$ –ö˛$*yÛ˛‚Ê˝ìœ —$Ö^Ë˛-MÊ¸*-yÊ˛ßÊ˛$. –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: 1993 AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 2ØË˛ ÃÙ˝ßë B ôË˛ΔÊˇ-–ÈôË˛ f∞√Ö_ EÖyëÕ. Á‹tΔˇ$$Ú≥Öyä˛: Ø˛ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.10,000 GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: AMÊ¸-yÊ˛-—$Mä¸ {Á≥ÜøÊ˝, Δ>ôË˛ Á≥»ÑÊ¸ B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 21

ØÛ˛ÁŸ-ØË˛Ãå˝ ‡≈ÖyÊ˛*œ–í˛$ y˛–ö˛-Àã-≥-–˛$Öså˝ M>Δˆµ-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ Õ—$-sÒ˝yä˛ Á≥À$ Eß¯≈-V>À øÊ˝»¢MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®. Eß¯≈V>À$: yÏ˛Á≥N≈sÓ˝ fØË˛-ΔÊˇÃå˝ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-fΔäˇ 1, –Û˛$ØÛ˛-fΔäˇ 1, AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖså˝ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-fΔäˇ 1, Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ BÔú-Á‹Δäˇ 1, BÔú-Á‹Δäˇ 1 —øÍVÊ¸Ö: ÚúOØÈ-Ø¨˛fi AÖyä˛ AM˙Öså˝fi AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: CØå˛-Ì‹t-r*≈så˝ Bãú ^ÈΔÊˇtΔäˇz AM˙Ö-sÒ˝Öså˝fi Bãú CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*/-C-Øå˛-Ì‹t-r*≈så˝ Bãú M>ã‹t AM˙Ö-sÒ˝Öså˝fi Bãú CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* ØË˛$Ö_ Ô‹H Á≥N«¢-^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ. ∞ΔÛˇ™-’Ö-_ØË˛ —´ßÊ˛ÖV> AØË˛$øÊ˝–ö˛Ö EÖyëÕ. GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: Á≥ΔÊˇfi-ØË˛Ãå˝ CÖrΔÊˇ*”≈, Δ>ôË˛ Á≥»ÑÊ¸, {VÊ¸*ã≥ yÏ˛Á‹P-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ Ôúk: ΔÊˇ*.300 ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: ØË˛–ö˛Ö-∫ΔÊˇ$ 7 –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.nhdc.org.in

Úú«tÃÒ˝OfΔäˇﬁ AÖyä˛ M¸—$MÊ¸Ãå˝ﬁ {sÍ–˛Øå˛M¯Δäˇ

GØå˛Úﬂ˝^å˛yÏ˛Ì‹

gÍªå˝ M>ΔÊˇ≤Δäˇ

ØÛ˛ÁŸØË˛Ãå˝ sÒ˝Mä¸ﬁsÒ˝OÃå˝ M>ΔˆµΔÛˇÁŸØ¨˛

ØÛ˛ÁŸ-ØË˛Ãå˝ sÒ˝Mä¸ﬁ-sÒ˝OÃå˝ M>Δˆµ-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ Õ—$-sÒ˝yä˛ & Ú‹MÊ¸*≈-«sÓ˝ Á‹*Á≥-Δäˇ-

43. CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*ÃZ {Á≥^Ë˛eØË˛≤ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ H ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸ÖÃZ MÊ¸∞Ì≥Á‹$¢Ö®? 1) –ö˛≈–ö˛›ÎƒÊ˝$ ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Ö 2) ¥Î«{‘È—$MÊ¸ ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Ö 3) ΔÊˇ–È◊Í ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Ö 4) ‘Ë˝MÏ¸¢ ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Ö 44. CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*ÃZ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈V>∞≤ Δ>ƒÊ˝$À Δ>´ßëMÊ¸ñÁŸ~ AÖ^Ë˛ØÈ –Û˛ı‹ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶? Ô‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ ∏Î≈MÊ¸Œt 1) {Á≥◊Í„MÊ¸ Á‹ÖÁú$Ö 2) NSSO 3) CSO 4) H©M>ßÊ˛$ 45. CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*ÃZ NSSO 68–ö˛ Δ˙Öyä˛ {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ MÏ¸Ö® –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ H ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ GMÊ¸$P–ö˛V> EÖ®? 1) Δ¯k–È» ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 2) –ÈΔÊˇÖ–È» ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 3) ›Î´ßëΔÊˇ◊˝ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 4) [ô˛O–ö˛*Ì‹MÊ¸ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 46. A¿–ö˛ñ®Æ ^˛Ö®ØË˛ ßÛ˛‘ÈÃZœ ôÈôÈPÕMÊ¸ÖV> EÖyÛ˛ ∞ΔÊˇ$ ß¯≈WôË˛ H®? 1) Á‹ÖÁú$ñÁŸt ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 2) ^Ë˛{MÓ¸ƒÊ˝$ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 3) {Á≥^Ë˛eØË˛≤ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 4) ¥Î«{‘È—$MÊ¸ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 47. {‘È—$MÊ¸ yÏ˛–ö˛*Öyä˛ MÊ¸ØÈ≤ {‘È—$MÊ¸ Á‹Á≥œΔˇ$$ GMÊ¸$P–ö˛V> EÖyÊ˛rÖô¯ HΔÊˇµyÛ˛ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ H®? 1) –ö˛≈–ö˛›Î¶Á≥NΔÊˇ”MÊ¸ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 2) Á‹ÖÁú$ñÁŸt ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 3) ^Ë˛{MÓ¸ƒÊ˝$ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 4) AÀµ Eß¯≈WôË˛ 48. A¿–ö˛ñ®Æ ^˛ÖßÊ˛$ôË˛$ØË˛≤ ßÛ˛‘ÈÃZœ MÊ¸∞µÖ^Û˛ ∞ΔÊˇ$ ß¯≈WôË˛ H®? 1) –ö˛≈–ö˛›Î¶Á≥NΔÊˇ”MÊ¸ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WMÊ¸ 2) AÀµ Eß¯≈WôË˛ 3) {Á≥^Ë˛eØË˛≤ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 4) Ú≥O–ö˛±≤ 49. ›Î´ßëΔÊˇ◊˝ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ØË˛$ AÖ^Ë˛ØÈ –Û˛ƒÊ˝$yë∞MÏ¸ °Á‹$MˆØÛ˛ VÊ¸«ÁŸx M>ÀÖ? 1) JMÊ¸ Δ¯k 2) JMÊ¸ –ÈΔÊˇÖ 3) JMÊ¸ Á‹Ö–ö˛ôË˛ﬁΔÊˇÖ 4) –ö˛$*yÊ˛$ Ø˛ÀÀ$ 50. MÏ¸Ö® –ÈsÏ˝ÃZ –ö˛≈–ö˛›ÎƒÊ˝$ ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸ÖÃZ MÊ¸∞Ì≥Ö^Û˛ ∞ΔÊˇ$ ß¯≈WôË˛? 1) ^Ë˛{MÓ¸ƒÊ˝$ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 2) ΔÊˇ$ôË˛$ Á‹Ö∫Ö´ßÊ˛ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 3) –ö˛≈–ö˛›Î¶Á≥NΔÊˇ”MÊ¸ ∞ΔÊˇ$ß¯≈WôË˛ 4) AÀµ Eß¯≈WôË˛

Á‹–ö˛*´ßëØÈÀ$ 1) 3 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2 5) 3 6) 2 7) 2 8) 1 9) 1

10) 2 11) 2 12) -2 13) 2 14) 1 15) 1 16) 1 17) 4 18) 1

19) 2 20) 3 21) 3 22) 4 23) 1 24) 3 25) 2 26) 2 27) 1

28) 1 29) 2 30) 1 31) 3 32) 4 33) 3 34) 3 35) 3 36) 3

37) 2 38) 4 39) 4 40) 3 41) 1 42) 4 43) 1 44) 2 45) 1

46) 2 47) 1 48) 4 49) 3 50) 2

–˛O-fΔÊˇœ øÊ˝»¢MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®. RÍ‰À$: 14 AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: yÏ˛{X Á≥N«¢-^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ. –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: 40 H‚Ê˝ìœ —$Ö^Ë˛-MÊ¸*-yÊ˛ßÊ˛$. GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: {Ô‹P∞ÖVä¸ sÒ˝ã‹t, Δ>ôË˛ Á≥»ÑÊ¸, –˛$yÏ˛-MÊ¸Ãå˝ Ìúså˝-Ø˛ã‹ ßë”Δ> ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ Ôúk: ΔÊˇ*.300 BØ¨˛ÃÒ˝OØ¨˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 31 –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.ntcltd.org

ØÛ˛ÁŸØË˛Ãå˝ {¥ÎgÒ˝Mä¸tﬁ MÊ¸Ø¨˛Á‹âÑÊ¸Ø¨˛ M>ΔˆµΔÛˇÁŸØ¨˛ ØÛ˛ÁŸ-ØË˛Ãå˝ {¥ÎgÒ˝Mä¸tﬁ MÊ¸Ø¨˛-Á‹â-ÑÊ¸-Ø¨˛ M>Δˆµ-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ Õ—$-sÒ˝yä˛ & CÖf-±ΔÊˇœ øÊ˝»¢MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®. RÍ‰À$: 15 Eß¯≈V>À$: Ú‹Oså˝ CÖf-±Δäˇ (Ì‹—Ãå˝ 10, GÀ-MÏ¸â-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 1), l∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ CÖf-±-Δäˇ(-Ì‹-—Ãå˝ 4) AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: Eß¯≈-V>∞≤ AØË˛$-Á‹-«Ö_ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ —øÍ-VÊ¸ÖÃZ ºD/ ΩsÒ˝Mä¸/ yÏ˛¥˜œ–ö˛* Á≥N«¢-^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ. –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: Ú‹Ú≥tÖ-∫ΔÊˇ$ 30 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ 35 H‚Ê˝ìœ —$Ö^Ë˛-MÊ¸*-yÊ˛ßÊ˛$ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ Ôúk: ΔÊˇ*.1000 ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 22 –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.npcc.gov.in

OÐðlG-‹Ü-B-ÆŠ‡ h-ÌêÏ l Ô¶æ°ÐéÆý‡… l AMøtºÆŠæ l 13 l 2018

Ñ§ýlÅ

Send your Feedback to vidya@sakshi.com

ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ ÐéÇ ÐésêË Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ¿ôæ§ýl… G…™èl? ¼. Eõ³…{§ýl OyðlÆð‡MýStÆŠæ, M>Å…ç³‹Ü çÜtyîl çÜÇPÌŒæ, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šæ.

¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l$Å… JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² C§ýlªÆý‡$ Ìôæ§é A…™èlMýS…sôæ GMýS$PÐ]l Ð]l$…¨ EÐ]l$ÃyìlV> ^ólõÜ¢ ÐéÇ° ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l¬Ë°, B ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l$Å ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡Ð]l$° A…sêÆý‡$. � A…§ýlÆý‡$ ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l¬Ë$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ ò³r$tºyýl$-- 4. Ë™ø JMóS M>Ë… Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ ò³sìæt¯]lrÏÆ‡¬™ól, Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿ê°² B ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l¬Ë ò³r$tºyýl$Ë °çÙµ™èl$¢Ë {ç³M>Æý‡… ç³…^èlÐ]lËíÜ E…r$…¨. � ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l¬Ë$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ ò³r$tºyýl$Ë™ø ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ M>ÌêËMýS$ ò³r$tºyýl$Ë$ ò³yìl™ól, Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿ê°² ÐéÇ ò³r$tºyýl$Ë$, M>ÌêË Ë»êªË °çÙµ†¢ÌZ ç³…^èlÐ]lËíÜ E…r$…¨. 5. �

(C1 × T1 ) : (C 2 × T2 )..... = P1 : P2...

C = ò³r$tºyìl P = Ìê¿¶æ…

T = M>Ë…

Ð]l*¨Ç {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ 1. A, B, C MýSÍíÜ JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² Æý‡*. 36000, 45000, 54000 ò³r$tºyýl$Ë™ø

{´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ððl¬™èl¢… Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 37,500. A…§ýl$ÌZ CMìS 6. Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… G…™èl? 1) Æý‡*. 13000 2) Æý‡*. 15000 3) Æý‡*. 17500 4) H©M>§ýl$ 2. A, B, CË$ MýSÍíÜ JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² Ððl¬™èl¢… Æý‡*. 50,000 ò³r$tºyìl™ø {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. B ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ A ò³r$tºyìl B ò³r$tºyìl MýS…sôæ Æý‡*. 5000 ™èlMýS$PÐ]l, B ò³r$tºyìl C ò³r$tºyìl MýS…sôæ Æý‡*. 10,000 ™èlMýS$PÐ]l. ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ððl¬™èl¢… Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 60,000.

çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$

AÆ‡¬™ól A…§ýl$ÌZ B Ðésê G…™èl? 1) Æý‡*. 12000 2) Æý‡*. 15000 3) Æý‡*. 18000 4) Æý‡*. 24000 Æý‡h™èl, çÜ$Ð]l$† C§ýlªÆý‡* MýSÍíÜ JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡… {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ Æý‡h™èl ò³r$tºyìl Æý‡*. 35,000Ë¯]l$ 8 ¯ðlËËMýS$, çÜ$Ð]l$† ò³r$tºyìl Æý‡*. 42,000Ë¯]l$ 10 ¯ðlËËMýS$ ò³r$tºyýl$Ë$V> ò³sêtÆý‡$. ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ððl¬™èl¢… Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 20,000 A…§ýl$ÌZ çÜ$Ð]l$† Ðésê G…™èl? 1) Æý‡*. 12000 2) Æý‡*. 15000 3) Æý‡*. 18000 4) H©M>§ýl$ {ç³¿êMýSÆŠæ JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² Æý‡*. 90,000 ò³r$tºyìl™ø {´ëÆý‡…À…^éyýl$. Ð]lÊyýl$ ¯ðlËË ™èlÆ>Ó™èl Æý‡*. 1,20,000Ë™ø QÄ¶æ¬Å… ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ MýSÍÔ>yýl$. Æð‡…yýl$ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>Ë ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 91,000. A…§ýl$ÌZ ÐéÇ ÐésêË Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ¿ôæ§ýl… G…™èl? 1) Æý‡*. 6000 2) Æý‡*. 5000 3) Æý‡*. 4000 4) Æý‡*. 7000 ^èl$M>PÆð‡yìlz JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² Mö…™èl ò³r$tºyìl™ø {´ëÆý‡…À…^éyýl$. 6 ¯ðlËË ™èlÆ>Ó™èl 7. A, B, CË$ JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡… {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. 1 Æð‡…yìl…™èlË ò³r$tºyìl™ø Æý‡Ðól$‹Ù ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…Ððl¬™èl¢… ò³r$tºyìlÌZ 3 Ð]l Ð]l…™èl$ ò³r$tºyìlÌZ MýSÍÔ>yýl$. 8 ¯ðlËË ™èlÆ>Ó™èl Ð]lÊyìl…™èlË 1 ò³r$tºyìl™ø A…fÄ¶æ$Å ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ MýSÍ° Ððl¬™èl¢… M>Ë…ÌZ 3 Ð]l Ð]l…™èl$ M>Ìê°MìS, Ô>yýl$. Ððl¬™èl¢… JMýS çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>°MìS ÐéÇMìS 1 1 Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 27000. A…§ýl$ÌZ B Ððl¬™èl¢… ò³r$tºyìlÌZ 6 Ð]l Ð]l…™èl$¯]l$ 6 Æý‡Ðól$‹Ù Ðésê G…™èl? Ð]l Ð]l…™èl$ M>Ìê°MìS, C Ñ$WÍ¯]l ò³r$tºyìl° 1) Æý‡*. 9000 2) Æý‡*. 12000 3) Æý‡*. 15000 4) Æý‡*. 18000 ç³NÇ¢ M>Ìê°MìS ò³r$tºyìl ò³sêtÆý‡$. ÐéÇMìS ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 9200. P JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² Æý‡*. 45,000 ò³r$tºyìlA…§ýl$ÌZ C Ðésê G…™èl? ™ø {´ëÆý‡…À…^éyýl$. Ð]lÊyýl$ ¯ðlËË ™èlÆ>Ó™èl Æý‡*. 60,000 ò³r$tºyìl™ø Q ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ 1) Æý‡*. 5400 2) Æý‡*. 7200 3) Æý‡*. 3600 4) H©M>§ýl$ MýSÍÔ>yýl$. Ð]l$äÏ ™èlÆ>Ó† 6 ¯ðlËË A¯]l…™èlÆý‡… Æý‡*. 90,000 ò³r$tºyìl™ø R ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ 8. A°™èl, ÑfÄ¶æ$Ë„îSÃ C§ýlªÆý‡* MýSÍíÜ JMýS ÐéÅMýSÍÔ>yýl$. Ððl¬™èl¢… JMýS çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>°MìS ÐéÇMìS ´ëÆý‡… {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. ÐéÇ ò³r$tºyýl$Ë$ Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 30,000. A…§ýl$ÌZ R Ð]lÆý‡$çÜV> Æý‡*. 9000, 12,000. BÆý‡$ ¯ðlËË ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ÑfÄ¶æ$Ë„îSÃ ™èl¯]l ò³r$tºyìl ¯]l$…_ Ðésê G…™èl? AÆý‡®¿êV>°² Eç³çÜ…çßæÇ…^èl$MýS$…¨. Ððl¬™èl¢… 1) Æý‡*. 6000 2) Æý‡*. 7000 çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>°MìS ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 3) Æý‡*. 8000 4) Æý‡*. 9000

´ùsîæ ç³È„ýSË {ç³™ólÅMýS… AÆý‡¦Ððl$sìæMŠæ

3) 1;

4600. A…§ýl$ÌZ A°™èl Ðésê G…™èl? ™èlÞÆý‡… _Ð]lÆý‡ Æý‡*. 6,600 Ìê¿¶æ… Ð]l_a…¨. 1) Æý‡*. 2300 2) Æý‡*. 2600 A…§ýl$ÌZ B Ðésê G…™èl? 1) Æý‡*. 3600 2) Æý‡*. 3000 3) Æý‡*. 2900 4) H©M>§ýl$ 3) Æý‡*. 1200 4) Æý‡*. 1100 9. P, QË$ MýSÍíÜ JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² Æý‡*. 30000, Æý‡*. 20000 ò³r$tºyýl$Ë™ø 3. 7 : 4 : 6 °çÙµ†¢ÌZ ò³r$tºyìl ò³sìæt A, B, 2 3 5 {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. Ð]lÊyýl$ ¯ðlËË ™èlÆ>Ó™èl Q ™èl¯]l ò³r$tºyìl ¯]l$…_ AÆý‡®¿êVýS… Eç³CË$ ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l¬Ë$V> ^ólÆ>Æý‡$. 4 ¯ðlËË çÜ…çßæÇ…^èl$MýS$¯é²yýl$. Ð]l$äÏ Ð]lÊyýl$ ¯ðlËË ™èlÆ>Ó™èl A ™èl¯]l Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯]l…ÌZ 50% ™èlÆ>Ó™èl Q ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ Æý‡*. 20000 ò³…^éyýl$. JMýS çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡… ™èlÆ>Ó™èl Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 21,600. AÆ‡¬™ól A…§ýl$ÌZ B ò³r$tºyìl° MýSÍ´ëyýl$. çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡… ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 42000. AÆ‡¬™ól Ðésê G…™èl? A…§ýl$ÌZ QMýS$ Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… G…™èl? 1) Æý‡*. 2100 2) Æý‡*. 2400 1) Æý‡*. 12000 2) Æý‡*. 18000 3) Æý‡*. 3600 4) Æý‡*. 4000 3) Æý‡*. 24000 4) Æý‡*. 21000 4. Ð]l¬VýS$YÆý‡$ ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l¬Ë$ ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ 10. A, BË$ MýSÍíÜ JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² 14 : 15 5 : 7 : 8 °çÙµ†¢ÌZ ç³…^èl$MýS$¯é²Æý‡$. ÐéÆý‡$ °çÙµ†¢ ò³r$tºyýl$Ë™ø {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. Ð]lÆý‡$çÜV> 14, 8, 7 ¯ðlËË$ ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ Mö¯]lÝëW™ól ÐéÇ ò³r$tºyýl$Ë °çÙµ†¢ G…™èl? ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿êË °çÙµ†¢ 7 : 6. ÐéÅ´ë1) 5 : 7 : 8 Æý‡…ÌZ A ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… 10 ¯ðlËË$, B 2) 28 : 49 : 64 ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… G…™èl? 3) 38 : 28 : 21 4) 20 : 49 : 64 5. A, BË$ ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡ ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l¬Ë$. Ððl¬™èl¢… 1) 8 ¯ðlËË$ 2) 9 ¯ðlËË$ 1 3) 10 ¯ðlËË$ 4) 7 ¯ðlËË$ Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯]l…ÌZ 4 Ð]l Ð]l…™èl$ 15 ¯ðlËË ´ër$ A Ðésê E…yýlV>, ™èl¯]l ÐésêV> 2 Ððl¬™èl¢… Ìê¿¶æ…ÌZ 3 Ð]l Ð]l…™èl$ BMýS$ ËÀ… 1. A, BË$ C§ýlÆª ‡ý $ MýSÍíÜ JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² 4:5 °çÙµ†¢ÌZ ò³r$tºyìl™ø {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. _…¨. AÆ‡¬™ól B ò³r$tºyìl ò³sìæt¯]l M>Ë…? Ð]lÊyýl$ ¯ðlËË ™èlÆ>Ó™èl A ™èl¯]l ò³r$tºyìl 1) 6 ¯ðlËË$ 2) 9 ¯ðlËË$ 1 3) 10 ¯ðlËË$ 4) 1 çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡… ¯]l$…_ 4 Ð]l Ð]l…™èl$ B ™èl¯]l ò³r$tºyìl ¯]l$…_ 6. JMýS ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ Æý‡*. 57000Ë™ø A 1 {´ëÆý‡…À…^éyýl$. Mö°² ¯ðlËË ™èlÆ>Ó™èl Æý‡*. Ð] l Ð] l …™è l $¯] l $ Eç ³ ç Ü …ç ß æÇ…^è l $Mý S $¯é²yý l $. 5 76000Ë™ø B ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ MýSÍÔ>yýl$. Ððl¬™èl¢… JMýS çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>°MìS ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ððl¬™èl¢… 10 ¯ðlËËMýS$ ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… Ìê¿êË$ çÜÐ]l*¯]l…. AÆ‡¬™ól G°² ¯ðlËË Æý‡*. 7600. A…§ýl$ÌZ A Ðésê G…™èl? ™èlÆ>Ó™èl B ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ ^ólÆ>yýl$? 1) Æý‡*. 3300 2) Æý‡*. 4300 2) 9 ¯ðlËË$ 3) Æý‡*. 5300 4) H©M>§ýl$ 1) 6 ¯ðlËË$ 3) 10 ¯ðlËË$ 2. A, B, CË$ Ð]l¬VýS$YÆý‡$ MýSÍíÜ JMýS ÐéÅ´ë4) 3 ¯ðlËË$ Æ>°² {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. B Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯é°MìS 3 çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$ 2 Æð‡r$Ï A, C Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯]l…ÌZ Ð]l Ð]l…™èl$ 1) 1 2) 3 3) 4 4) 4 5) 3

{´ëMîSt‹Ü {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$

Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯]l…™ø B ò³r$tºyìl ò³rtV>, çÜ…Ð]lxy xy xy : : 9 36 2 1 1 1 : : 9 36 2

1 = × 27000 = 9000 3

6) 4 9) 2; P ò³r$tºyìl = Æý‡*. 30000 P ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… = 12 ¯ðlËË$ Q ò³r$tºyìl Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ð]lÊyýl$ Æý‡*. 20000

Æý‡h™èl, çÜ$Ð]l$† ò³r$tºyýl$Ë$, M>ÌêË ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$V> E¯é²Æ‡¬. 1) 2; 6) 1; A, B, CË ò³r$tºyýl$Ë$ Æý‡*. 36000, P ò³r$tºyìl = Æý‡*. 45000 ÐéÇ Ìê¿êË °çÙµ†¢ ¯ðlËËMýS$ P ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… = 12 ¯ðlËË$ Æý‡*. 45000, Æý‡*. 54000 C1 × T1 : C2 × T2 = P1 : P2 ⇒ 4 : 1 : 18 18 ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ ÐéÇ Ìê¿êË °çÙµ†¢ = (35000 × 8) : (42000 × 10) Q ò³r$tºyìl = Æý‡*. 60000 ™èlÆ>Ó† Ð]lÊyýl$ ¯ðlËËMýS$ ò³r$tºyìl ∴C Ðésê = × 9200 = 7200 23 =2:3 P ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… = 12 − 3 = 9 ¯ðlËË$ = 36000 : 45000 : 54000 Æý‡*. 10000, Ñ$WÍ¯]l BÆý‡$ ¯ðlËËMýS$ Æý‡*. =4:5:6 çÜ$Ð]l$†MìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ìê¿¶æ… R ò³r$tºyìl = Æý‡*. 90000 8) 1; 30,000 3 P ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… = 12 − 3 − 6 ¯ðlËË$ ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ððl¬™èl…¢ Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 37,500 A°™èl ò³r$tºyìl = Æý‡*. 9000 ÐéÇ ÐésêË °çÙµ†¢ = × 20000 = 12000 5 Ìê¿êË °çÙµ†¢ (30000 × 12): (20000 × 3 + A…§ýl$ÌZ C Ðésê A°™èl ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… = 12 ¯ðlËË$ 6 10000 × 3 + 30000 × 6) 4) 4; = (45000×12) : (60000×9) : ÑfÄ¶æ$Ë„ìSÃ ò³r$tºyìl Ððl¬§ýlsìæ BÆý‡$ ¯ðlËËMýS$ = × 37500 = 15000 15 (360000) : (270000) (90000×3) ÐéÇ Ìê¿êË °çÙµ†¢ = Æý‡*. 12000 4:3 =2:2:1 2) 3; (90000 × 24) : (120000 × 21) ™èlÆ>Ó† BÆý‡$ ¯ðlËËMýS$ ò³r$tºyìl 1 3 =6:7 ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ A ò³r$tºyìl x A¯]l$MýS$…sôæ.. = 12000 − 6000 = Æý‡*. 6000 Q Ðésê = × 42000 = 18000 ∴ R Ðésê = × 30000 = 6000 5 7 B ò³r$tºyìl (x+5000) ÐéÇ ÐésêË Ð]l$«§lý Å ¿ôæ§ýl… = 7 − 6 = 1 ÐéÇ Ìê¿êË °çÙµ†¢ 1 C ò³r$tºyìl (x+5000+10000) 7) 2; = (9000×12) : (12000×6+ 10) 1; ⇒ × 91000 = 7000 13 6000×6) C1 × T1 : C2 × T2 = P1 : P2 ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡…ÌZ ÐéÇ Ððl¬™èl¢… ò³r$tºyìl Ððl¬™èl¢… ò³r$tºyìl = Æý‡*. x A¯]l$Mø…yìl = (108000) : (72000 + 36000) = Æý‡*. 50,000 (14 × 10) : (15 × x) = 7 : 6 Ððl¬™èl¢… M>Ë… = y A¯]l$Mø…yìl 5) 1; x = 108000 : 108000 = (x)+(x+5000)+(x+15000) (15 × x) ×7 = (14 × 10) × 6 ^èl$M>PÆð‡yìlz ò³r$tºyìl Æý‡*. x A¯]l$MýS$…sôæ.. A ò³r$tºyìl = 14 × 10 × 6 3 =1:1 = 50000 ^èl$M>PÆð‡yìlz ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… 12 ¯ðlËË$ x= ⇒x=8 y 15 × 7 ∴ 3x = 50000 − 20000 Æý‡Ðól$‹Ù ò³r$tºyìl Æý‡*. 2x A°™è l Ðésê = ½ × 4600 A ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… = 3 3x = 30000 = Æý‡*. 2300 Æý‡Ðól$‹Ù ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… ∴B ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… = 8 ¯ðlËË$ x x = 10000 = 12−6 = 6 ¯ðlËË$ B ò³r$tºyìl = 6 A, B, CË ò³r$tºyýl$Ë$ A…fÄ¶æ$Å ò³r$tºyìl Æý‡*. 3x y 10000, 15000, 25000 A…fÄ¶æ$Å ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… B ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… = 6 ÐésêË °çÙµ†¢ = 12 − 8 = 4 ¯ðlËË$ Updated Version x x x  ⇒ 10000 : 15000 : 25000 ÐéÇ Ìê¿êË °çÙµ†¢ C ò³r$tºyìl =  x − −  = Daily, Weekly, Monthly Updates and Bit banks 3 6 2

Current Affairs Mobile App

=2:3:5

ÐéÇMìS Ð]l_a¯]l Ððl¬™èl…¢ Ìê¿¶æ… Æý‡*. 60,000 A…§ýl$ÌZ B Ðésê =

3 × 60000 = 18000 10

(x×12) : (2x×6) : (3x×4) 12x : 12x : 12x 1:1:1 ∴ Æý‡Ðól$‹Ù Ðésê





C ò³r$tºyìl M>Ë… = y

ÐéÇ ÐésêË °çÙµ†¢

 x y  x y  x   ×  : ×  : × y 3 3 6 6 2 

SAKSHI EDUCATION

Also Find

GENERAL ESSAYS, GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND JOBS

www.sakshieducation.com

Ñ§ýlÅ

OÐðlG-‹Ü-B-ÆŠ‡ h-ÌêÏ l Ô¶æ°ÐéÆý‡… l AMøtºÆŠæ l 13 l 2018

Send your Feedback to vidya@sakshi.com

By the definition of the definite integral.. M.N. Rao

∫

Senior faculty, Sri Chaitanya Educational

 π I = 16    2

institutions

I = 4π

= 2π

π I+I= ∫ dx 1 sin x + π /4

∫

tan x

∫ 1 + tan x + tan 2 x

1 + tan x + tan x − tan x − 1 2

1 + tan x + tan x tan 2 x + 1 = ∫1dx − ∫ dx 2 1 + tan x + tan x tan 2 x + 1 = x−∫ dx 2 1 + tan x + tan x

put tanx = t

which gives x − ∫

dt 1 + t+ t 2

on solving A = 3 and k = 2 16 x sin x cos x 4

sin x + cos x

(TS EAMCET-2015) π2 2) 3) π2 4) 2π2

π 4

π /2

∫ 0

2 e − 4 − 4 tan

16 x sin x cos x sin 4 x + cos 4 x

 ex − 4  + c  2   

−1 

e x − 4 − 4 tan −1

(

apply ∫ f (a − x) = ∫ f ( x) property

)

ex − 4 + c

2tdt 2

gives  x  x −1  e − 4  = 2 e − 4 − 4 tan +c  2    π4

∫ 0

 tan x + cot x  dx =  

π 1) 2 3π 3) 2

Hint:

π 2) 2

−1

1 1− t 2

 4 + 3t 

∫ 7 + 9(1 − t 2 ) = 24 log  4 − 3t  −1 =

dt = 2[sin

If ∫ x3e5 x dx =

f(x)=

Hint:

∫x e

3 5x

(f ( x)) + c, then

(AP EAMCET-2016)

3 + 2x − x2 =

5x e5 x e5 x 6e5 x 2e =x − 3x + 6x − +c 5 25 125 625 e5 x  = 125 x3 − 75 x 2 + 30 x − 6  + c  625 

t]0−1

π = 2

=∫

= −∫

π 6

lim

n →∞

∑ 1

1 n2 − r2

x 10. ∫ e

( x + 1)

dx = 2

ex +c 1) x +1

(AP EAMCET-2015)

 x −1  ex  +c  x +1

−e x 2) x − 1 + c  x +1 4) e x  +c  x −1 

∫ sin

x.dx − (n − 1).∫ sinn x.dx

n −2

I n = − sin n −1 x cos x + (n −1)I n −2 − (n −1)I n

= − sin n −1 x.cos x + (n − 1)I n − 2 I n + (1 + n − 1 )

= − sin n −1 x.cos x + (n − 1)I n − 2 − sin n −1 x.cos x n − 1 In = + .I n −2 n n log (1 + x ) .dx 3. Evaluate ∫ 2 0 1+ x log (1 + x ) .dx ––––(1) 2 + 1 x 0 1

Sol : Let I = ∫

2 Put x = tan θ ⇒ d x = sec θ.d θ

If x = 1 ⇒ 1 = tan θ ⇒ θ = π

4 log

∫

4 log

∫

(1 + tan θ ).sec 2 θ.dθ

1 + tan 2 θ

4t − 1

(1 + tan θ ).sec 2 θ .dθ sec2 θ

If x = 0 ⇒ 0 = tan θ ⇒ θ = 0

∫ log (1 + tan θ ).dθ ___(1)

as ∫ f ( x).d x = ∫ f (a − x )d x

 −1  1   dt 4t − 1  t 2  t

∫ log 1 + tan (π 4 − θ ).dθ

− 2 4t − 1 1 +c dt = 4 4t − 1 2

−1  1  4  −1 + c 2 1 + x  

 tan π − tan θ  4 .dθ log 1 + π  1 + tan tan θ  4  

∫

I=I=

−1 4 − (1 + x ) −1 3 − x +c = +c 2 1+ x 2 1+ x

In =

− sin

n −1

then

x.cos x

Proof: Let In = ∫ sin x.dx _____(1) n

use product rule

d  − ∫  (sin n −1 x) ∫ sin xd x d x d x  dx 

I n = sin n −1 x( − cos x)

− ∫ (n − 1)sin n −1−1 x.cos x ( −cos x ) dx I n = − sin

∫

x.cos x + (n −1)

∫

∫ π

 1 − tan θ  log 1 + .d θ 1 + tan θ  

1 + tan θ + 1 − tan θ  log  .dθ 1 tan + θ  

(IPE 2014)

n −1

n −1 + In −2 n

If I n = ∫ sin x x.dx

In = sin n −1 x ∫ sin x.dx

x +1

)

In = ∫ sin n −1 x sin x.dx

π dx = 2 1 − x2 1

n −1

(

x 1 − sin 2 x d x

− sin n −1 x cos x + (n − 1)

1  1  + + ...  2  2 2 − − n 1 n 2   lim   1 x→∞  ... +  2 2   n − (n − 1)  

π 4

1 t

n −2

9. By the definition of the definite integral, the value of

1  −1  ∫ 1 4t −1  t 2  dt t t2

π 2

3 + 2x − x

1  1  = 3 + 2  − 1 −  − 1 t  t  1 2 1 = 3 + 2 − 2 −  2 + 1−  t t t 2 1 2 = 3 + − 2 − 2 − 1+ t t t 4 1 4t − 1 = − 2 = 2 t t t

1) π 2)

x 3x 6x 6 − 2 + 3− 4 5 5 5 5 3 2 2 3 2) 5 x − 5 x + 5 x − 6 3) 52 x3 − 15 x2 + 30 x − 6 4) 53 x3 − 75 x2 + 30 x − 6

∫

−1

thus

Consider 3 + 2x − x2

log 7 24

∫ sin

In + (n − 1)In

4) −1

∫ (1 + x)

x.cos2 x dx

[∴ from(1) ]

−1 1 x = − 1 ⇒ dx = 2 dt t t

sin x + cos x ∫ sin x cos x dx 0

put sinx − cosx = t ⇒ (cosx − sinx) dx = dt Upper limit = 0, lower limit = −1 & and squaring gives sin2x = 1 − t2

∫

π 2

1 Sol : Put 1 + x = t

put sinx − cosx = t ⇒ (cosx − sinx)dx = dt Upper limit= 0, Lower limit = −1 As sinx − cosx = t squaring gives sin2x = 1− t2

formula

π 4

sin x + cos x dx 7 + 9sin 2 x 0

Hint: using limit of summation

4) π

3x 2

1. Evaluate

is equal to (APEAMCET-2016)

(TS EAMCET-2016)

1+ x + x + 1− x + x

n −2

= − sin n −1 x.cos x + (n −1 )

dx =

Important Problems (IPE)

I= ∫

e x − 4 dx =

t +4 2t 2dt 4   then I = ∫ 2 = 2∫  1 − 2  dt t +4  t + 4

log 3 36 log 7 4) 24

π 4

Hint: It is an odd function value = 0

−1

e x dx = 2tdt ⇒ d x =

then find (K, A) (JEE Mains 2018) Hint: add and subtract 1+ tan2x and split

log 3 4 log 7 3) 12

π −1 2

1+ x + x − 1− x + x

∫

sin x + cos x dx = 7 + 9sin 2 x

∫ sin

(AP EAMCET-2015)

(TS EAMCET-2016)

Hint: Let ex − 4 = t2

K  k tan x + 1  tan −1  + c A A  

∫

( x + 1) 2

3) 0

∫

Hint:

−1

S pe c i a l Mathematics Mathematics π4

π 2) + 1 2 3π 4) 2

11.

d(tan −1(tan 2 x)

1− x

I = π( 2 − 1)

Hint: I =

1 + tan 4 x

INTERMEDIATE INTERMEDIATE

 x  x −1  e − 4  +c 3) 2 e − 4 − 4cot  2   

= 2π( 2 − 1)

tan x sec 2 x

1− x

π 1 − sin x ' ∫ 1 + sin x 1 − sin x dx π /4

sin x + cos x

3π /4

∫

 x  x −1  e − 4  1) tan  2  + e − 4 + c  

3 π /4

3. I =

(TS EAMCET-2015)

π− x I= ∫ dx 1 sin + x π /4

π /2

sin x cos x

= [sin −1 x]10 + [ 1 − x2 ]10 =

3π /4

∫

3) π−1 Hint:

π− x I= ∫ dx 1 sin( x ) + π − π /4

= x−

∫

π 1) − 1 2

3π /4

π /2

dx − I

(TS EAMCET-2015)

using

2I =

sin 4 x + cos 4 x

x2 − 1 + 2

2  x  x −1 x x −1 + = e d x e .   ∫  ( x + 1) ( x + 1)2  x +1  

1− x dx = 1+ x

∫

π /2

x I= ∫ dx x 1 + sin π /4

∫ f ( x)dx = ∫ f (a + b − x)d x

∫

Sol: ∫ e ( x + 1) 2 dx = ∫ e

π  = 2π  − 0  = π 2 2 

(JEE Mains Online 2018) Hint:

∫

sin x cos x

x2 + 1

3π /4

π /2 0

Previous Entrance Questions 1. Value of

π /2

π 2I = 16   2

Senior Intermediate - II(B) INDEFINITE & DEFINITE INTEGRATION 1. In inter final exam one 3 LAQ, 3 or 4 VSAQS are expected from this chapter 2. In IIT-ADVANCE JEEMAINS One or two questions are compulsory 3. in EAMCET 6-7 questions are expected

π  − x  cos x sin x 2  dx cos 4 x + sin 4 x

π /2 16 

 2  log  .dθ 1 + tan θ  π

∫ log 2 dθ − ∫ log (1 + tan θ )d θ 0

I = log 2 ∫ 1. d θ − I [∴ from(1) ] 0

I + I = log 2 ∫ 1. d θ 0

I = log 2 [θ]0 4 = log 2  π − 0   4 

= (log 2 ). π

∴ I = π .log 2 8

øŒEî¦ô¢Ù 13 ÍÚÁdñô¢ª 2018 - email: help@eenadupratibha.net

Îô¦÷RöËº ÍêŸuÙêŸ í£±ô¦êŸì Põõª ví£ëÅ¯ì òÅ¡« Ñí£-J-êŸõ ú£yô¢«-ð§õª

òÅ¡«ÞÁüŒÙ ÓûμoûÁo NÙêŸõÚÛª EõóŸªÙ. ÖÚÛí£ÚÛ\ ÎÚ¥ø‹Eo ÍÙë]ªÚÁî¦õE Îô¦åí£èË¶ Óêμ—hì í£ô¢yê¦õª ... ÷ªôÁî μjí£± ð§ê¦ü°Eo ê¦¸Ú öËºóŸªõª. Ú•EoàÁåx Îï£„xë¯Eo í£Ùà¶ ÷³àŸaçËμjì ÷ªÙàŸª í£ô¢yê¦õª... ÏÙÚ•Eo àÁåx òÅ¡ÞœòÅ¡Þœ ÷ªÙèË¶ ÍTo í£ô¢yê¦õª... Ïë]Ùê¦ ð¼æ© í£K¤¥ô¢ª–õ ÍëÅ]uóŸªû¦EÚ¨ Ñí£óμ«Þœí£èË¶ë¶. ÷«ô¢ª\õìª þ§CÅÙàŸªÚÁè¯EÚ¨ þ§óŸªí£èË¶ ú£÷«à¦ô¢î¶ª.

òÅ¡«-ú£y-ô¢«-í£- ø‹-þY§Eo ÎÙÞœx-ÙöËº Geomorphology ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.- Geo Í-ÙçË¶ òÅ¡«Nª, morphus Í-ÙçË¶ ú£yô¢«í£Ù ÍE Íô¢–Ù. è[ñ«x¬u. ÓÙ. èË¶-N-úÃìª còÅ¡« ú£y-ô¢«-í£-ø‹ú£Y í‡ê¦-÷ª-ï£‚è[ªe ÍE í‡õª-þ§hô¢ª.- òÅ¡« Ñí£-J-êŸõÙšíj ÷´è[ª ô¢-Ú¥õ òÅ¡«ú£y-ô¢«-ð§õª Ñû¦oô³. ÍN: F îμ³ë]æ¨ êŸô¢-ÞœA òÅ¡«ú£y-ô¢«-ð§õª:- ÜÙè¯õª, ÷ªï£„ -ú£-÷³-vë¯õª. F ·ôÙèÁ êŸô¢-ÞœA òÅ¡«ú£y-ô¢«-ð§õª:- í£ô¢y-ê¦õª, íˆôÈ¢-òÅ¡«÷³õª, îμªië¯-û¦õª, öËºóŸªõª, ú£ô¢-ú£ªqõª, Põõª îμ³ë]-öËμjìN. F ÷´èÁ êŸô¢-ÞœA òÅ¡«ú£y-ô¢«-ð§õª:- vÚÛ÷ª¤ÛóŸª, E¸¤-í£é, Í÷-Pù£d òÅ¡«ú£y-ô¢«-ð§õª.F ví£ëÅ¯ì òÅ¡« Ñí£-J-êŸõ ú£yô¢«-ð§õª 3. ÍN: í£ô¢y-ê¦õª, íˆôÈ¢-òÅ¡«-÷³õª, îμªië¯-û¦õª.- Oæ¨û¶ CyB-óŸª-vøË™é¨/- ·ôÙèÁ êŸô¢-ÞœA òÅ¡«ú£y-ô¢«-ð§õª ÍE ÚÛ«è¯ ÍÙæ°ô¢ª. -ÍÙêŸ-ô¢b-EêŸ ñö°õª (Endogenic forces) öË¶ë¯ Nô¢«-ð§-Ú¥-ô¢ÚÛ ñö°õª (Tectonic forces): òÅ¡«-ÚÛÙ ð§õª, ÍTo-í£-ô¢y-ê¦õª ö°Ùæ¨ ÍÙêŸ-ô¢b-EêŸ ñö°õ Ú¥ô¢éÙÞ¥ ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ Ñìo òÅ¡«ú£y-ô¢«-ð§õª NNëÅ] òÅ®÷ª Ú¥ö°öËºx Ôô¢p-è¯“ô³.2. ò°ï£°u-á-EêŸ ñö°õª (Exogenic forces): Þ¥L, Fô¢ª, Ñÿ¼g-vÞœêŸ ö°Ùæ¨ ò°ï£°u ví£ÚÛ”A Ú¥ô¢-Ú¥õª NNëÅ] òÅ¡«ú£y-ô¢«-ð§-õìª øË˜jCÇõu, vÚÛ÷ª¤ÛóŸª, E¸¤-í£é ví£vÚ¨-óŸªõÚÛª öËºìª-à¶ú£«h î¦æ¨ ÎÚ¥ô¢, í£J-÷«-é°öËºx Eô¢ÙêŸô¢Ù ÷«ô¢ªpõìª ÚÛõ-Þœ-âË¶-þ§hô³.í£ô¢y-ê¦õª: í£ô¢y-ê¦õ ÍëÅ]uóŸª-û¦Eo -c×ô¦-õ@e- ÍÙæ°ô¢ª. 1.

í£ô¢y-ê¦õ ÎNô¦(Ä÷Ù Ïö°.. 1.

- ÍTo-í£-ô¢y-ê¦õ vÚ¨óŸ«-Q-õêŸ (Volcanic Activism) - òÅË¶ë]ÚÛ vÚÛ÷ª¤ÛóŸªÙ (Differential erosion) 3.- òÅ¡«í£-åõ àŸõ-û¦õª (Movements of the earth’s 2.

crust)

Îú‡óŸ« - ÎvíÆ‡Ú¥ ÕôÁð§ ÑêŸh-ô¢Í-îμª-JÚ¥ ë]¤¨-éÍ-îμª-JÚ¥ Îw›úd-LóŸ«

í£ô¢y-êŸÓêŸªh ë¶øŒÙ P-Ü-ô¢Ù Oª.õöËº 8,848 û¶ð§öËÀ Ó÷-·ôúÃd Ú¨L-÷ªÙ-â°ôÁ 5,895 æ°Ùâ°-EóŸ« 5,642 ô¢ÿ§u ÓöËÀ-vñúÃ 6,194 Íõþ§\ îμªÚ¨û¶x ÍÚ¥-ûÂÞ¥y

6,962

ÚÁù‡-óŸ«þ¼\

2,228

ÍÙæ°-J\-æ¨Ú¥ NìqûÂ÷«ú‡íÆÃ

4,897

í£J-Pù£d öË¶ë¯ Í÷-Pù£d í£ô¢y-ê¦õª (Recidual mountains) F

šíj ÷´è[ª ñö°õª Nè…-N-è…Þ¥ öË¶ë¯ ÔÚÛ-Ú¥-õÙöËº í£Eà¶-óŸªè[Ù ÷õx þ§ëÅ¯-ô¢-éÙÞ¥ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª Ôô¢pè[ê¦ô³. ÏN ÷´è[ª ô¢Ú¥õª.

áìô¢öËÀ ú£dè†úÃ

Nô¢«-ð§-Ú¥-ô¢ÚÛ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª vUÚÛª òÅ°ù£öËº -c×ôÁúÃe- ÍÙçË¶ í£ô¢y-êŸÙ ÍE Íô¢–Ù.õ¤Û-é°õª:- ú£÷³-vë]- ÷ª-ådÙ ìªÙ# 900 Oª-åô¢x ÚÛÙçË¶ êŸÚÛª\÷ ÓêŸªhöËº ÑÙèË¶ë¯Eo -cÚ•Ùè[e- ÍE, 900- Oª-åô¢x ÚÛÙçË¶ ÓÚÛª\÷ ÓêŸªhöËº ÑÙèË¶ë¯Eo í£ô¢y-êŸÙ ÍE í‡õª-þ§hôª¢ .F í£ô¢y-ê¦-EÚ¨ ·ôÙè[ª- î μj-í£±ö° ð§ô¦)-¬yõ î¦õª ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ÑÙåªÙC.- íˆôÈ¢Ù î μjø‹õuÙ ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ÑÙåªÙC.F PÜô¢ î μjø‹õuÙ êŸÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ îμ³ì-ë¶L ÑÙåªÙC.F í£ô¢y-ê¦õ ÎÚ¥-ô¢Ù, í£J-÷«-é°õìª ñæ¨d 5 ô¢Ú¥õªÞ¥ NòÅ¡->Ù-àŸ-÷àŸªa.- ÍN: -F í£ô¢y-êŸ -vøË™é¨ (Mountain Range): í£-ô¢y-ê¦õª ÖÚÛë¯E êŸô¦yêŸ ÷ªô•ÚÛæ¨ ÞœªÙí£±õª ÞœªÙí£±-õªÞ¥ à¦ö° ë]«ô¢Ù Nú£h-JÙ# ÑÙèË¶ Í÷ª-J-ÚÛìª í£ô¢y-êŸ- vøË™é¨ ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.F í£ô¢yêŸ ÷u÷ú£– (Mountain System): ÷-óŸª-ú£ªöËºì«, Ñë](Ä÷Kê¦u ú£÷«-ìÙÞ¥ Ñìo í£ô¢y-êŸ- vøË™-éªõª Ö¸Ú àÁå ÑÙçË¶ ë¯Eo í£ô¢yêŸ ÷u÷ú£– ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.- Ñë¯:ï‡°÷«-õ-óŸ«õª. -F í£ô¢y-êŸ- Þ•-õªú£ª (Mountain Chain): Ú•Eo í£ô¢yê¦õª ÷óŸªú£ª, Ñë](Ä-÷-Kê¦u ÖÚÛ-ë¯-EêÁ ÖÚÛæ¨ ú£ÙñÙëÅ]Ù öË¶ÚÛ-ð¼-ô³û¦ ÖÚÛ î¶ªÜõ (Belt) Þ¥ Ôô¢pè…ê¶ î¦æ¨E í£ô¢yêŸ Þ•õªú£ª ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.Ñë¯: -ÎÙè†úÃ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª. -F ú£÷³-ë¯-óŸªÙ (Complex): ÖÚÛ EJÌù£d Í÷ª-JÚÛ öË¶E í£ô¢y-ê¦õ ÞœªÙí£±ìª ú£÷³-ë¯-óŸªÙ ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.F Ú¥J“öËμô¦ (Cardilera): Íû¶ÚÛ í£ô¢y-êŸ- Þ•-õª-ú£ªõª ÚÛL›úh ë¯Eo Ú¥J““-öËμô¦ ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.-

ÜÙè[Ù

ÍGÅ-÷³Ü àŸõìÙ ÷õx ú£÷³vë] òÅ¡«êŸõÙ ÷³è[ª-êŸõª í£è… šíjÚ¨ ûμåªd-ÚÛª-ô¦-÷è[Ù ÷õx Ôô¢p-è[-ê¦ô³.- Oæ¨E í£±ô¦-êŸì, ìOì ÷³è[ª-êŸ- í£-ô¢y-ê¦-õªÞ¥ ÷K_-ÚÛ-JÙ-àŸ÷àŸªa.- Îô¦-÷R, Íí£-öË¶-#-óŸªûÂ, óŸ´ô¢íÃ, v¸ÞæÀ è…î μjè…ÙÞÂ ¸ôÙâËÀ-õìª í£±ô¦-êŸì ÷³è[ª-êŸ- í£-ô¢y-ê¦-õªÞ¥, ÑêŸh-ô¢ ÍîμªJ-Ú¥-öËºE ô¦&, ë]¤¨-é- Íîμª-J-Ú¥-öËºE ÎÙè†úÃ, ÕôÁ-ð§-öËºE ÎöËÀpÄ¬q, òÅ°ô¢-êÂ-öËºE ï‡°÷«-õ-óŸ«õìª ìOì ÷³è[ª-êŸ- í£-ô¢y-ê¦-õªÞ¥ ›íô•\Ù-æ°ô¢ª.F ví£í£Ù-àŸÙöËº ÍA êŸô¢ªé öË¶ë¯ ÍA êŸÚÛª\÷ ÷óŸª-ú£ªÑìo, Óêμ—hì ÷³è[ªêŸ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª ï‡°÷«-õ-óŸ«õª.F ví£í£Ù-àŸÙöËº ð»è[-î μjì ÷³è[ªêŸ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª n ÎÙè†úÃ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª.

òÅ¡«ú£yô¢«-ð§õª Óö° Ôô¢pè[ê¦óŸªÙçË¶?

ô¢àŸô³êŸ ÷«ìuÙ ÷³ô¢R Nù£óŸª Eí£±éªõª

NNëÅ] ÜÙè¯-öËºxE Óêμ—hì í£ô¢yêŸ PÜ-ô¦õª-

ÖÚÛ-í£±pè[ª ÓêŸªhÞ¥ ÑÙè… Þ¥L, Fô¢ª, î¦ê¦-÷-ô¢-éÙ ö°Ùæ¨ ò°ï£°u ví£ÚÛ”A Ú¥ô¢Ú¥õ ÷õx EJy-ô¦-÷ªÙÞ¥ vÚÛ÷ª¤Û-óŸ«-EÚ¨ Þœª·ôj, ÓêŸªh -êŸT_ ÏÙÚ¥ EL#- Ñìo í£ô¢y-ê¦-õìª Í÷-P-ù£d- í£-ô¢y-ê¦õª ÍÙæ°ô¢ª. Ñë¯-ï£°-ô¢éÚÛª òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙ-öËºE Îô¦-÷R í£ô¢y-ê¦õª, ô¦âËÀ-÷ªï£°öËÀ Ú•Ùè[õª, ÑêŸhô¢ Íîμª-J-Ú¥öËºE Íí£-öË¶-#-óŸªûÂ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª.-

(Deformation mountains)

ú£Ù#êŸ öË¶ë¯ ÍTo í£ô¢y-ê¦õª

â°vÞœíÆˆ òÅ¡« ÍÙêŸ-ô¢_êŸ ñö°õ ú£ô¢ªÌ-ò°åªx, ÷«ô¢ªpõ ÷õx Ôô¢p-è[ê¦ô³.- òÅ¡«Nªšíj ÓÚÛª\÷ Núˆh-ô¢gÙöËº î¦uí‡Ù# Ñû¦oô³.Oæ¨öËºE ô¢Ú¥õª: ÜÙè[- í£-ô¢y-ê¦õª, ÷³-è[ªêŸ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª.

÷³è[ªêŸ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª

ÜÙ-è[- í£-ô¢y-ê¦õª (Block mountains):

òÅ¡« ÍÙêŸ-ô¦(Ä-ÞœÙ-öËºE êŸìuêŸ ñö°õª öË¶ë¯ òÅ¡«ÚÛÙð§õ ÷õx òÅ¡«Nªšíj vòÅ¡Ùø‹õª/- í£ÞœªüŒ‰x Ôô¢p-è[ê¦ô³.-Ð vòÅ¡Ùø‹-õÚÛª ·ôÙè[ª -î μj-í£±-ö°-Þ¥F, ÷ªëÅ]u-Þ¥F òÅ¡«í£-åõÙ šíjÚ©, Ú¨ÙCÚ© ÚÛë]ª-õªêŸ« ÑÙåªÙC.Ïö°Ùæ¨ ·ôÙè[ª ú£-÷«Ù-êŸô¢ vòÅ¡ÙøŒ- êŸ-ö°õ ÷ªëÅ]uòÅ°ÞœÙ ÚÛªÙT-ð¼-÷è[Ù ÷õx öË¶ë¯ ë¯EÚ¨ Ïô¢ª-î μj-í£±ö° Ñìo òÅ¡«ÜÙè[Ù šíjÚ¨ ô¦÷è[Ù ÷õx- Óêμ—hì vð§ÙêŸÙ Ôô¢p-è[ª-êŸªÙC.- Ïö° ÓêŸªhÞ¥ Ôô¢p-è…ì vð§Ùê¦û¶o vòÅ¡ÙøËËÁ-A–êŸ Pö° Nû¦uú£Ù (Horst) öË¶ë¯ ÜÙè[ í£ô¢yêŸÙ ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.- Ð ·ôÙè[ª ÜÙè[ í£ô¢y-ê¦-õÚÛª öË¶ë¯ Óêμ—hì vð§Ùê¦-õÚÛª ÷ªëÅ]u vð§ÙêŸÙ Ú¨ÙCÚ¨ CÞœè[Ù ÷õx Ôô¢p-è…ì öËºóŸªìª í£Þœªõª- öËºóŸª (Rift valley) ÍÙ-æ°ô¢ª.- ÜÙè[- í£-ô¢y-ê¦õª ÚÛJÈì Põ-õêÁ ÑÙ-æ°ô³.Ñë¯-:- òÅ°ô¢êÂöËºE NÙëÅ]u n þ§êŸ«pô¦ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª, áô¢tF öËºE ò°xÚÂ ðÆ§·ôúÃd í£ô¢y-ê¦õª, vðÆ§ûÂqöËºE î¦úÃ-âËμúÃ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª, ë]¤¨-é°-víÆ‡Ú¥öËºE vè¯·Ú-ûÂq -ñôÂ_ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª.-

í£-Þœª-õª- öËº-óŸª-õÚÛª Ñë¯-ï£°-ô¢é:F

òÅ°ô¢-êÂ-öËºE NÙëÅ]u þ§êŸ«pô¦ í£ô¢y-ê¦õ ÷ªëÅ]u- Ñìo ìô¢t-ë¯- í£-Þœª-õª- öËºóŸª. F ÕôÁ-ð§-öËºE î¦úÃ-âËμúÃ, ò°xÚÂ ðÆ§·ôúÃd í£ô¢y-ê¦õ ÷ªëÅ]u Ñìo ·ôjûÂ ìD í£Þœª-õª- öËºóŸª. F Óvô¢ -ú£-÷³vë]Ù Ñìo vð§ÙêŸÙ.

óŸ´ÓúÃÔ Ú¥L-ðÆ¼-Jo-óŸ«öËº Ñìo ÷ª”êŸ-öËºóŸª. ÎvíÆ‡-Ú¥öËº ûμjõª ìC ví£÷-ï‡°-ú£ªhìo í£Þœª-õª -öËºóŸª.ÏC ví£í£Ù-àŸÙöËº ÍAšíë]Ì í£Þœª-õª -öËºóŸª.- DEo -cv¸ÞæÀ ÎvíÆ‡-ÚÛûÂ JíÆÃd î¦uMe- ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.(Fold mountains):

ú£÷³vë] òÅ¡« ÍGÅ-ì-A-öËºE ô¦A- ð»-ô¢õšíj ÚÛL¸Þ ð§ô¢)¬y (Lateral), Ò-ô¢–y (Vertical) ñ-ö°õª, ÜÙè[ í£õ-ÚÛõ

(Accumulative/ Volcanic mountains) F

òÅ¡« ÍÙêŸ-ô¦(Ä-ÞœÙ-öËºE Pö°vë]÷Ù s÷«Þ¥tz òÅ¡« Ñí£J-êŸ-ö°-EÚ¨ ví£÷-ï‡°Ù# sö°î¦z ú£Ù#-êŸ-ÙÞ¥ öË¶ë¯ ÚÛªí£pÞ¥ Ôô¢p-è[ª-êŸªÙC.- Ïö° øŒÙÚÛª÷±- Î-Ú¥-ô¢ÙöËº íÆ£ªFòÅ¡-NÙà¶ ö°î¦- í£-å-ö°-õêÁ ÚÛ«è…ì Óêμ—hì vð§Ùê¦õìª ÍTo-í£-ô¢y-ê¦õª ÍÙæ°ô¢ª.- ÎÙè†úÃ í£ô¢y-êŸ vøË™éªöËºx Íû¶ÚÛ ÍTo -í£-ô¢y-ê¦õª Ñû¦oô³.- #MöËºE ÍÚ¥ûÂÞ¥y, áð§-ûÂ-öËºE íÆ£²u>-óŸ«÷«, Ïå-M-öËºE î μú£«-N-óŸªúÃ ví£ëÅ¯-ì-îμªiì ÍTo-í£-ô¢y-ê¦õª.l

vðÆ§ûÂq 2) áô¢tF àμμÚÁþ¼x-î ¶-Ú¨óŸ« 4) ô•î¶ª-EóŸ« 5. Ú¨ÙCî¦æ¨öËº ÔN òÅ¡«ÚÛÙ-ð§-õìª ÚÛL-T-þ§hô³? ( ú‡NöËÀq, 2004) i) vòÅ¡ÙøŒÙ ô¢«ð»Ù-ë]è[Ù ii) vòÅ¡ÙøŒÙ î μÙñè… àŸõìÙ iii) ÍTo í£ô¢yêŸ Nþ¼pÄ-åìÙ ÷õx Ôô¢p-è…ì ví£òÅ°÷Ù iv) Põõ ÷³è[êŸ 1) i, ii, iii 2) ii, iv 3) i, iii, iv 4) šíj÷Fo 6.- þ§êŸ«pô¦, NÙëÅ]u í£ô¢y-ê¦õ ÷ªëÅ]u ví£÷-ï‡°Ùà¶ ìC ÔC? (è…í£²uæ© ÏûÂšúpÚÛdôÂ ÎíÆÃ ú£¸ôy, 2011) 2) êŸí£A 3) ìô¢të] 4) ÞœÙÞœ 1) óŸª÷³ì 7.- Íí£-öË¶-#-óŸªûÂ í£ô¢y-êŸ-vøË™é¨ ÓÚÛ\è[ ÑÙC? (ÓÙå÷«õ@ è…ð§ôÂdîμªÙæÀ - 2012) 2) ë]¤¨é Íîμª-JÚ¥ 1) ÑêŸhô¢ Íîμª-JÚ¥ 3) Îw›úd-LóŸ« 4) ÎvíÆ‡Ú¥ 3)

- ÎvíÆ‡-Ú¥-öËºE Óêμ—hì í£ô¢yêŸÙ ÔC? (ÔíˆíˆÓúˆq vÞœ«íÃn-1, 2010) 1) Ú¥îμª-ô¢«ûÂ 2) Ú¨L-÷ªÙ-â°ôÁ 3) ÓöËº_ûÂ 4) ·Úû¦u2.- Óvô¢ ú£÷³-vë]Ù Ú¨ÙCî¦æ¨öËº ë¶EÚ¨ Ñë¯-ï£°ô¢é? (âËμ.ÓöËÀ., 2007) 1) Óêμ—hì Eô¦t-éÙ 2) ÷³è[ª-àŸª-ÚÛªìo Eô¦t-éÙ 3) í£Þœª-õª- öËºóŸª 4) ö°î¦ -E-ô¦t-éÙ 3.- ÷ªì- ë¶-øŒÙöËº ÍêŸuÙêŸ í£±ô¦-êŸì Põõª ÓÚÛ\è[ Ñû¦oô³? (âËμ.ÓöËÀË., 2004, è…í£²uæ© ÏûÂšúpÚÛdôÂ ÎíÆÃ ú£¸ôy, 2011) 1) ï‡°÷«-õóŸª í£ô¢y-ê¦õª 2) Îô¦-÷R í£ô¢y-ê¦õª 3) Pî¦-LÚÂ í£ô¢y-ê¦õª 4) šíjjî ¶-O-Ú¥÷± 4.- ò°xÚÂ ðÆ§·ôúÃd í£ô¢y-ê¦õª Ñìo ví£ë¶øŒÙ? (ÏûÂšúpÚÛdôÂ ÎíÆÃ ðÆ§uÚÛdKúÃ, 2009)

áî¦ñªõª: 1) 2

2) 3 3) 2 4) 2 5) 4 6) 3 7) 1

øŒEî¦ô¢Ù 13 ÍÚÁdñô¢ª 2018 - email: help@eenadupratibha.net

Square table (four inside and four outside) Directions (Q.No.1-5): Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions. Eight friends – A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a square table in such a way that four of them sit at four corners of the square while four sit in the middle of each of the four sides. The one who sits at four corners face the centre while those who sit in the middle of the sides face outside (i.e. opposite to the centre). D sits second to the left of F. F sits at one of the corners of the table. Only two people sit between D and B. G sits third to the right of C. C does not sit at any of the corners. C is not an immediate neighbour of F. Both immediate neighbours of E face outside. A is not an immediate neighbour of F.

Who sits third to the left of G?

Writer G. Shashi Kumar Subject Expert 1. Who sit exactly between G and C when counted from right of G? 1) A, F 2) D, H 3) E, F 4) B, F 5) A, E 2. Who sits third to the left of G? 1) B 2) E 3) A 4) F 5) H 3. Which of the following is true regarding E? 1) E is an immediate neighbour of C 2) E faces outside 3) None of the given options is true 4) E sits exactly between D and H 5) E sits to immediate left of F 4. What is the position of A with respect to H? 1) Third to the left 2) Fourth to the left 3) Second to the left 4) Third to the right 5) Second to the right 5. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way based on the given seating arrangement and so form group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group? 1) A 2) H 3) C 4) E 5) B Solutions for 1 to 5: It is given that persons sit at the corners faces towards the centre and persons sit in the middle of the sides faces outwards. D sits second to the left of F and F sits at one of the corners. Only two people sit between D and B. Hence B sits third to the left of D or to the immediate right of F. G sits third to the right of C. C is not an immediate neighbour of F. Hence C sits to the immediate left of D and G sits either to the immediate left of D and G sits either to the immediate left or to the immediate right of B. It can be shown as follows. B

ii) B

Both the immediate neighbours of E face outside. Hence E sits to the immediate right of C at the corner. A is not an immediate neighbour of F which is not a possibility in case (i), hence it is eliminated. In case (ii), A sits to the immediate right of G and H sits to the immediate left of F. The final arrangement is as follows.

IBPS POs Reasoning E

D H

1. A and E sits exactly between C and G when counted from right of G. Choice 5 2. H sits third to the left of G. Choice 5 3. E is an immediate neighbour of C is true. Choice 1 4. A sits fourth to the left of H. Choice 2 5. Except E all sit in the middle of the sides of the table. Choice 4

Rectangular table (Equal number of persons on each side) Directions (Q.No.6-10): Study the following information carefully and answer the given questions. Eight persons – A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a rectangular table in such a way that two persons sit on each side of the table facing the centre. Persons sitting on opposite sides are exactly opposite to each other. D faces north and sits exactly opposite to H. A and G sit on the same side. G is exactly opposite of B who is to the immediate right of C. A is next to the left of D. C is to the immediate right of F. 6. Who sits to the immediate right of B? 1) E 2) G 3) H 4) D 5) None 7. What is the position of A with respect to E? 1) Third to the left 2) Fourth to the left 3) Second to the left 4) Third to the right 5) Second to the right 8. Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding E as per the given seating arrangement? 1) E is one of the immediate neighbours of H 2) Only three people sit between D and E 3) E faces F 4) E sits second to the left of C 5) All are correct

9. Based on the seating arrangement, if F is related to B and G is related to D, then H is related to ........ 1) C 2) A 3) F 4) D 5) B 10. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way based on the given seating arrangement and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group? 1) GD 2) CE 3) HD 4) BH 5) EG Solutions for 6 to 10: It is given that D faces North and sits exactly opposite to H. A sits next to the left of D. A and G sit on the same side of the table. As only two people sit along each of the sides. D sits facing north opposite H and AG sits on the other side of the table facing east. H sits opposite D facing South. It can be shown as follows. H

G A

ì«uCMxöËºE ÓÙð§xô³úÃ ›údæËÀ Ïì«q·ôûËÂq Ú¥ô•p¸ôù£ûËÂ sÐÓúÃÕúˆz NNëÅ] Îú£ªí£vêŸªõª, è…šúpìqKöËöËº Ú¨ÙC ð¼ú£ªdöË òÅ¡KhÚ¨ ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªhõª ÚÁô¢ªêÁÙC. H ð¼ú£ªd: Ïì«q·ôûËÂq îμªè…ÚÛöËÀ ÎíÆˆú£ôÂ v¸ÞèÂ 2 sÍöËºxí£AÚÂz H Ý°Sõª: 771 H Íô¢|êŸ: EñÙëÅ]ìöË ví£Ú¥ô¢Ù ví£ÚÛæìöËº êμLí‡ì NëÅ]ÙÞ¥. ÏÙæôÂoù‡íÃ, ÓÙúˆÕ J>›úZù£ûËÂ êŸí£pEú£J. H ÷óŸªú£ª: 30 ÔüŒ‰x NªÙàŸÚÛ«è[ë]ª. H ÓÙí‡ÚÛ: ô¦êŸí£K¤Û, ÏÙæô¢«yu ë¯yô¦. Hë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªh: ÎûËÂöËμjûËÂ H ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªh íÆˆV: ô¢«.500 H #÷J ê¶C: ì÷Ùñô¢ª 10

îËμòËÀšújæËÀ: www.esic.nic.in uu

÷³Ùñô³ ð¼ô¢ªd væú£ªd H

÷³Ùñô³ ð¼ôÂd væú£ªd ê¦ê¦\LÚÛ Öí£pÙë] vð§Aí£CÚÛì Ú¨ÙC vçËμjF Ý°SöË òÅ¡KhÚ¨ ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªhõª ÚÁô¢ªêÁÙC. H ð¼ú£ªdõªnÝ°Sõª: ìJqÙÞÂ ú‡ú£dôÂ vçËμjFn25, ðÆ§ô¦tú‡ú£ªd vçËμjFn05 H Íô¢|êŸ: í£ëÁêŸô¢ÞœA, ìôÂq ÍÙèÂ NªèÂîËμjíÆÃÞ¥ J>›úZù£ûËÂ, ðÆ§ô¦tú‡úÃdÞ¥ J>›úZù£ûËÂ, ÍìªòÅ¡÷Ù. H ÷óŸªú£ª: 20n30 ÔüŒx ÷ªëÅ]u ÑÙè¯L. H ÓÙí‡ÚÛ: Në¯uô¢|êŸ ÷«ô¢ª\õª, ÍìªòÅ¡÷Ù ÎëÅ¯ô¢ÙÞ¥. H ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªh: ÎíÆÃöËμjûËÂ. H #÷J ê¶C: ì÷Ùñô¢ª 5

îËμòËÀšújæËÀ: www.mumbaiport.gov.in

G is exactly opposite B who sits to the immediate right of C. C sits to the immediate right of F. Hence F sits to the immediate right of D facing north and C and B sit opposite A and G facing west and E sits to the immediate left of H facing F. The final arrangement is as follows.

î¦ÚÂÏûÂq vÚ¨è¯, šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ

6. E sits to the immediate right of B. Choice 1 7. A sits third to the right of E. Choice 4 8. E sits second to the left of C is false. Choice 4 9. F sits second to the left of B and G sits second to the left of D similarly H sits second to the left of A. Choice 2 10. Except HD in all pairs second person sits second to the right of first person. Choice 3

šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂöËºE šúÙvæöËÀ JšúôÂa ÏûËÂú‡då«uæËÀ íÆ£ôÂ vèËμjö°uÙèÂ ÍvTÚÛöËaôÂ svÚ¨è¯z Ú¨ÙC Ú¥Ùvæ°ÚÛªd ð¼ú£ªdöË òÅ¡KhÚ¨ î¦ÚÂÏûËÂ Eô¢yï‡°þ¼hÙC. H ð¼ú£ªdõªnÝ°Sõª: úˆEóŸªôÂ JšúôÂa šíÆöËº sÓúÃÎôÂÓíÆÃzn01, WEóŸªôÂ JšúôÂa šíÆöËº sâË¶ÎôÂÓíÆÃzn01, óŸªÙÞÂ vð»šíÆù£ìöËÀn07. H Íô¢|êŸ: ú£ÙñÙCÅêŸ ú£òËμbÚÛªdöËºx ÓÙúˆÔ/ ÓÙÓúˆq/ ÓÙçËμÚÂ ÑBhô¢gêŸ. H ÏÙæô¢«yu ê¶C: ÍÚÁdñô¢ª 22, 23. H îË¶CÚÛ: ÕÚ¥ôÂ n vÚ¨è¯, ú£ÙêÁùÃìÞœôÂ, šïj°ë]ô¦ò°ëÂ n 500 059.

îËμòËÀšújæËÀ:

www.crida.in

12 X¯ìyês¡+ 13.10.2018 ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é

C≤rj·T e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé Vü≤√<ëØ‘ê´ düuÛÑT´\T>± mes¡T ñ+{≤s¡T? 1. C≤rj·T e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé #Ó’s¡àHéqT, düuÛÑT´ \qT sêh|ü‹ ìj·T$T+#˚≥|ü&ÉT yê] ù|s¡¢qT dæbòÕs¡düT #˚ùd Ád”ÿì+>¥ ø£$T{°˝À düuÛÑT´\T>± mes¡T ñ+{≤s¡T? 1. Á|ü<Ûëq eT+Á‹ 2. ˝Àø˘düuÛÑ d”Œø£sY 3. πø+Á<ä Vü≤√+eT+Á‹ 4. sê»´düuÛÑ &ç|üP´{° d”Œø£sY 5. sê»´düuÛÑ˝À Á|ü‹|üø£å H˚‘· 6. ˝Àø˘düuÛÑ˝À Á|ü‹|üø£åH˚‘· 7. sê»´düuÛÑ #Ó’s¡àHé m) 1, 2, 3, 4 e÷Á‘·y˚T _) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e÷Á‘·y˚T dæ) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 e÷Á‘·y˚T &ç) 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6, 7 2. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1. C≤rj·T e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé #Ó’s¡àHé>± düTÁ|”+ ø√s¡Tº Á|ü<Ûëq Hê´j·TeT÷]Ô>±, ˝Ò<ë kÕ<Ûës¡D Hê´j·T eT÷]Ô>± |üì#˚dæq e´øÏÔ e÷Á‘·y˚T ìj·T$TkÕÔs¡T 2. e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫q πødüT\qT düTyÓ÷{À>± d”«ø£]+∫ $#ê]+#·e#·TÃ m) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ _) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT dæ) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ &ç) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚ 3. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1. C≤rj·T e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé #Ó’s¡àHé |ü<äMø±\+ ◊<˚+&ÉT¢ 2. e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé düuÛÑT´\qT ndüeTs¡ú‘·, <äTÁwüŒes¡Ôq ø±s¡D+ô|’ sêh|ü‹ ‘=\–kÕÔs¡T m) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ _) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ dæ) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚ &ç) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT 4. C≤rj·T e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé Vü≤√<ëØ‘ê´ düuÛÑT´\T>± mes¡T ñ+{≤s¡T? 1. C≤rj·T md”‡ ø£$TwüHé #Ó’s¡àHé 2. C≤rj·T md”º ø£$TwüHé #Ó’s¡àHé 3. C≤rj·T eTVæ≤ﬁ≤ ø£$TwüHé #Ó’s¡àHé 4. C≤rj·T yÓTÆHê]{° ø£$TwüHé #Ó’s¡àHé m) 1, 2 e÷Á‘·y˚T _) 1, 2, 3 e÷Á‘·y˚T dæ) 1, 2, 3, 4 &ç) mes¡÷ø±<äT 5. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1. C≤rj·T e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé #Ó’s¡àHé, düuÛÑT´\ qT ìj·T$T+#·&ÜìøÏ yê] ù|s¡¢qT dæbòÕs¡düT #˚ùd Ád”ÿ]+>¥ ø£$T{° #Ó’s¡àHé>± Á|ü<ÛëqeT+Á‹ ñ+{≤&ÉT 2. e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé ‘·q ìy˚~ø£qT πø+Á<ä Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«ìøÏ düeT]ŒdüTÔ+~ m) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ _) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ dæ) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚ &ç) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT 6. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì~ @~? m) C≤rj·T md”‡ ø£$TwüHé˝À ˇø£ #Ó’s¡àHé, ˇø£ yÓ’dt #Ó’s¡àHé, eTT>∑TZs¡T düuÛÑT´\T ñ+{≤s¡T _) C≤rj·T md”º ø£$TwüHé˝À ˇø£ #Ó’s¡àHé, ˇø£ yÓ’dt #Ó’s¡àHé, eTT>∑TZs¡T düuÛÑT´\T ñ+{≤s¡T dæ) C≤rj·T eTVæ≤ﬁ≤ ø£$TwüHé˝À ˇø£ #Ó’s¡àHé, ˇø£ yÓ’dt #Ó’s¡àHé, q\T>∑Ts¡T düuÛÑT´\T ñ+{≤s¡T &ç) C≤rj·T yÓTÆHê]{° ø£$TwüHé˝À ˇø£ #Ó’s¡àHé, ˇø£ yÓ’dt #Ó’s¡àHé, q\T>∑Ts¡T düuÛÑT´\T ñ+{≤s¡T. 7. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1) C≤rj·T yÓTÆHê]{° ø£$TwüHé |ü<äM ø±\+ eT÷&˚+&ÉT¢ 2. C≤rj·T yÓTÆHê]{° ø£$TwüHéqT sêh|ü‹ @sêŒ≥T #˚kÕÔs¡T m) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ _) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT dæ) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄

&ç) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚ 8. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1. C≤rj·T yÓTÆHê]{° ø£$TwüHé≈£î dæ$˝Ÿ ø√s¡Tº≈£î ñ+&˚ n~Ûø±sê\T ñ+{≤sTT. 2. Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ Äs¡T eT‘ê\≈£î eT‘·|üs¡yÓTÆq yÓTÆHê]{° Vü≤√<ë ñ+~ 3. ∫e]kÕ]>± 2014˝À C…’qT\≈£î eT‘·|üs¡yÓTÆq yÓTÆHê]{° Vü≤√<ë ø£*Œ+#ês¡T m) 1 e÷Á‘·y˚T _) 1, 2 e÷Á‘·y˚T dæ) 1, 2, 3 &ç) @Bø±<äT 9. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì~ @~? m) C≤rj·T eTVæ≤fi≤ ø£$TwüHé 1992 qT+∫ neT˝À¢øÏ e∫Ã+~ _) C≤rj·T eTVæ≤fi≤ ø£$TwüHé #·≥ºã<äΔ dü+düú. Bìï πø+Á<ä Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ @sêŒ≥T #˚düTÔ+~ dæ) C≤rj·T eTVæ≤fi≤ ø£$TwüHé ‘·q ]b˛s¡TºqT sêh|ü‹øÏ düeT]ŒdüTÔ+~ _) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ &ç) C≤rj·T eTVæ≤fi≤ ø£$TwüHé≈£î dæ$˝Ÿ ø√s¡Tº≈£î ñqï dæ) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT n~Ûø±sê\T ñHêïsTT &ç) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ 10. C≤rj·T e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫ 15. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q$ @$? øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1. C≤rj·T eTVæ≤fi≤ ø£$TwüHé 1992 qT+∫ neT˝À¢øÏ 1. Bìì 1993˝À @sêŒ≥T #˚XÊs¡T e∫Ã+~ 2. Á|ü<Ûëq ø±sê´\j·T+ &Ûç©¢˝À ñ+~ 2. C≤rj·T eTVæ≤fi≤ ø£$TwüHé˝À ˇ≈£s¡T md”‡, ˇø£s¡T 3. sêh|ü‹ @sêŒ≥T #˚kÕÔs¡T md”º\≈£î #Ó+~q e´≈£îÔ\T ñ+&Ü* 4. ˇø£ #Ó’s¡àHé, q\T>∑Ts¡T düuÛÑT´\T ñ+{≤s¡T 3. 1997˝À $XÊK e¬s‡dt ùdº{Ÿ Ä|òt sêCkÕúHé eT<Ûä´ 5. dæ$˝Ÿ ø√s¡Tº≈£î ñ+&˚ n~Ûø±sê\T ñ+{≤sTT »]–q yê´»´+˝À |üì #˚ùd Á|ü<˚XÊ˝À¢ eTVæ≤fi¯\ô|’ m) 1, 2, 3 e÷Á‘·y˚T _) 1, 2, 3, 4 e÷Á‘·y˚T »]π> ˝…’+–ø£ y˚~Û+|ü⁄\qT ìs√~Û+#·&ÜìøÏ düTÁ|”+ dæ) 1, 2, 4 e÷Á‘·y˚T &ç) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ø√s¡Tº πø+Á<ä, sêh Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«\≈£î e÷s¡Z <äs¡Ùø±\qT C≤Ø #˚dü+~ 4. >∑èVü≤ Væ≤+dü ìs√<Ûäø£ #·≥º+qT bÕs¡¢yÓT+≥T 2005˝À s¡÷bı+~+∫+~. m) 1, 2, 3, 4 _) 1, 2, 3 e÷Á‘·y˚T dæ) 2, 3, 4 e÷Á‘·y˚T &ç) 1, 2, 4 e÷Á‘·y˚T 16. C≤rj·T ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ ≈£î˝≤\ ø£$TwüHé≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫ 11. øÏ+~ yê{Ïì »‘·|üs¡#·+&ç øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? C≤_‘ê 1 C≤_‘ê 2 1) C≤rj·T md”º, md”‡ ø£$TwüHéqT 1990˝À 65e 1. C≤rj·T md”‡ ø£$TwüHé n) q+<ä≈£îe÷sY kÕsTT sêC≤´+>∑ dües¡D <ë«sê @sêŒ≥T #˚XÊs¡T 2. C≤rj·T md”º ø£$TwüHé 2) 2003˝À 89e sêC≤´+>∑ dües¡D <ë«sê C≤rj·T Ä) sêyéT X¯+ø£sY ø£<∏ë]j·÷ md”‡, md”º ø£$TwüHé qT+∫ C≤rj·T md”º ø£$TwüHéqT 3. C≤rj·T eTVæ≤fi≤ ø£$TwüHé Ç) πsU≤ X¯s¡à y˚s¡T #˚XÊs¡T 4. C≤rj·T yÓTÆHê]{° ø£$TwüHé á) Vü≤düHé ]J« 3) C≤rj·T md”‡, md”º ø£$TwüHé ‘=* #Ó’s¡àHé sêyéT<ÛäHé m) 1-n, 2-Ä, 3-á, 4-Ç 4) C≤rj·T md”‡ ø£$TwüHé >∑T]+∫ Á|üø£s¡D - 338 _) 1-Ä, 2-n, 3-Ç, 4-á ‘Ó\T|ü⁄‘·T+~ dæ) 1-Ä, 2-n, 3-Ä, 4-Ç m) 1, 2, 3 e÷Á‘·y˚T _) 2, 3, 4 e÷Á‘·y˚T &ç) 1-á, 2-Ç, 3-Ä, 4-n dæ) 1, 2, 3, 4 &ç) 1, 2, 4 e÷Á‘·y˚T 12. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1. C≤rj·T eTVæ≤fi≤ ø£$TwüHé |ü<äM ø±\+ eT÷&˚+&ÉT¢ 17. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1. C≤rj·T md”‡ ø£$TwüHé Á|ü‹ eT÷&ÉT HÓ\\≈£î 2. C≤rj·T yÓTÆHê]{° ø£$TwüHé |ü<äM ø±\+ ◊<˚+&ÉT¢ ˇø£kÕ] ªnqTX¯ó∫Hé C≤‹ yêDÏµ ù|s¡T‘√ ám) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ e÷´>∑C…’HéqT $&ÉT<ä\ #˚düTÔ+~ _) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT 2. C≤rj·T md”‡ ø£$TwüHé Á|ü<Ûëq ø±sê´\j·T+ &Ûç©¢˝À dæ) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ ñ+~ &ç) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚ m) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT 13. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? _) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ 1. kÕ+|òæTø£ dü+πøåeT uÛ≤eq |æ‘êeTVüQ&ÉT - ]#·sY¶ dæ) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ f…{ŸeTHé &ç) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚ 2. uÛ≤s¡‘· sêC≤´+>∑+˝Àì XVIe uÛ≤>∑+ |üP]Ô>± md”‡, md”º, ;d”, z;d”\≈£î ñqï dü<äTbÕj·÷\ 18. øÏ+~ yê{Ïì »‘·|üs¡#·+&ç? C≤_‘ê 1 C≤_‘ê 2 >∑T]+∫ ‘Ó*j·TCÒdüTÔ+~ 1. C≤rj·T md”‡ ø£$TwüHé n) sêyéT<ÛäHé m) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ 2. C≤rj·T md”º ø£$TwüHé Ä) ≈£îq«sYdæ+>¥ _) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT 3. C≤rj·T eTVæ≤fi≤ ø£$TwüHé Ç) düsê›sY n©U≤Hé dæ) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚ 4. C≤rj·T yÓTÆHêØº ø£$TwüHé &ç) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ á) leT‹ »j·T+‹ |ü{≤ïj·Tø˘ 14. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? m) 1-Ä, 2-á, 3-Ç, 4-n 1. C≤rj·T eTVæ≤fi≤ ø£$TwüHé≈£î 1990˝À #·≥ºã<ä›‘· _) 1-n, 2-Ä, 3-á, 4-Ç ø£*Œ+#ês¡T dæ) 1-Ä, 2-n, 3-á, 4-Ç 2. C≤rj·T yÓTÆHê]{° ø£$TwüHé≈£î 1993˝À #·≥ºã<äΔ‘· &ç) 1-á, 2-Ç, 3-n, 4-Ä ø£*Œ+#ês¡T 19. C≤rj·T md”º ø£$TwüHé≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫ øÏ+~ m) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚

b˛{°|üØø£å\ Á|ü‘˚´ø£+

bÕ*{°

yê]˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1. C≤rj·T md”º ø£$TwüHéqT 2003˝À @sêŒ≥T #˚XÊs¡T 2. Bì >∑T]+∫ Á|üø£s¡D - 338(m) ‘Ó\T|ü⁄‘·T+~ 3. Jrj·T md”º ø£$TwüHé |ü<äM ø±\+ ◊<˚+&ÉT¢ 4. á ø£$TwüHéqT ‘=*kÕ] ~©|t dæ+>¥ uÛÑT]j·÷ ø£$T{° dæbòÕs¡düT\ Ä<Ûës¡+>± @sêŒ≥T #˚XÊs¡T m) 1, 2, 3, 4 _) 1, 2, 3 e÷Á‘·y˚T dæ) 2, 3, 4 e÷Á‘·y˚T &ç) 1, 2, 4 e÷Á‘·y˚T 20. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q yêø£´+ @~? 1. C≤rj·T md”º ø£$TwüHé˝À ø£∫Ã‘·+>± ˇø£ eTVæ≤ﬁ¯ ñ+&Ü* 2. C≤rj·T md”º ø£$TwüHé≈£î dæ$˝Ÿ ø√s¡Tº n~Ûø±sê\T ñ+{≤sTT m) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ _) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT dæ) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ &ç) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚ 21. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì~ @~? m) C≤rj·T e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé ‘=* #Ó’s¡àHé »dæºdt s¡+>∑Hê<∏é$TÁXÊ _) C≤rj·T e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé Á|üdüTÔ‘· #Ó’s¡àHé - »dæºdt ôV≤#Y.m˝Ÿ <ä‘·TÔ dæ) ◊ø£´sê»´dü$T‹ 1948˝À &çôd+ãsY 10q $X¯« e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ Á|üø£≥qqT Á|üy˚X¯ô|{Ïº+~ &ç) C≤rj·T e÷qe Vü≤≈£îÿ\ ø£$TwüHé ˇø£ sêC≤´+>∑ ã<ä› dü+düú 22. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1. md”‡, md”º Á|æyÓq¸Hé Ä|òt nÁ{≤dæ{° #·{≤ºìï 1989˝À #˚XÊs¡T 2. á #·≥º+ »eT÷àø±oàsY $TqVü‰ <˚X¯eT+‘·{≤ 1990 »qe] 30 qT+∫ neT˝À¢øÏ e∫Ã+~ m) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚ _) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ dæ) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ &ç) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT 23. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’+~ @~? 1. md”‡, md”º\T ø=ìï ìj·T$T‘· Á|ü<˚XÊ˝À¢ ìedækÕÔs¡T 2. md”‡, md”º\ô|’ <ë&ÉT\T #˚ùd yê]øÏ ø£ìwüº+>± 6 HÓ\\T, >∑]wüº+>± ñ]•ø£å $~Û+#·e#·TÃ m) 1 dü¬s’+~, 2 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT _) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ dæ) 1 dü¬s’+~ ø±<äT, 2 dü¬s’+~ &ç) 1, 2 ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚

düe÷<ÛëHê\T 1.dæ 6.dæ 11._ 16.dæ 21.&ç

2.&ç 7._ 12._ 17.&ç 22.m

3._ 8.dæ 13.dæ 18._ 23.&ç

4.dæ 9.dæ 14.m 19.&ç

5.dæ 10.&ç 15.m 20.&ç

X¯ìyês¡+ 13.10.2018 13 ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é

@&Ée ìC≤yéT HêHé eTT©ÿ\≈£î @ $<ÛëHêìï ne\+_+#·˝Ò<äT? môd’‡,ø±ìùdºãT˝Ÿ Á|ü‘˚´ø£+ ‘Ó\+>±D #·]Á‘· 1. Ç+~yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì »‘· @~? 1) ª~ ìC≤yéTµ` ôV≤#Y.õ.Á_>¥‡ 2) ªyÓ’‘·sY ôV’≤<äsêu≤<éµ ` düj·T´<é n_<é Vü≤düHé 3) ªôV’≤<äsêu≤<éµ ` ø£¬sHé *jÓ÷HêsY¶ 4) ªbòÕ´ø˘º muÖ{Ÿ eTT©ÿ s¡÷˝Ÿ‡µ ` ¬ø.$. Hêsêj·TDsêe⁄ 2. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü]jÓÆTq »‘· @~? 1) ª45 Çj·TsY‡ m ¬sã˝Ÿµ ` øÏwüHé Á|ükÕ<é 2) ª‘Ó\+>±D b˛sê≥+µ ` ¬ø. $. Hêsêj·TD ¬s&ç¶ 3) ª m düº&û ÇHé ~ Ø»q˝Ÿ ø£$T{°dt ÇHé Ç+&çj·÷µ ` ¬ø.$ Hêsêj·TD sêe⁄ 4) ª ~ |”|ü⁄˝Ÿ‡ Ádüº>∑T˝Ÿ ` dæ. lÁøÏwüHé 3. kÕ˝≤sYC+>¥`1 >∑T]+∫ dü¬s’q~. m) ‘·TsêuŸ n©U≤Hé _) eTTø£Ôs¡T˝Ÿ eTT˝Ÿÿ dæ) düTCñ<Í›˝≤ 1) m 2) m, _ 3) _, dæ 4) m, _, dæ 4. ìC≤yéT düu…®ø˘º ©>¥ì Ç˝≤ ≈£L&Ü n+{≤s¡T? m) »yÓTÆ‘Y `Ç`]jÓ÷` ìC≤yéT _) »yÓTÆ‘Y ` Ç` ÇkÕ¢$Tj·÷ dæ) ìC≤yéT `]j·÷ 1) _, dæ e÷Á‘·y˚T 2) dæ, m e÷Á‘·y˚T 3) _ e÷Á‘·y˚T &ç) m e÷Á‘·y˚T 5. @&Ée ìC≤yéT HêHé eTT©ÿ\≈£î @ $<ÛëHêìï ne\+_+#·˝Ò<äT? m) ª\Tø˘ ádtºµ _) ª\Tø˘ nôd’&éµ dæ) ª\Tø˘u≤´ø˘µ &ç) ª\Tø˘ Hês¡à˝Ÿµ Ç) ª\Tø˘ nôV≤<éµ 1) m,&ç, Ç 2) _, &ç, m 3) m, _, dæ, &ç 4) ô|’e˙ï 6. eTT©ÿ\≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫ dü]ø±ì~ @~? m) Á&Ó’sTTHé Ä|òt yÓ˝ŸÔ _) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é |òüsY ôV’≤<äsêu≤Bdt dæ) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é yêdüÔe kÕúsTT &ç) ns¡ú+ ˝Òì yê<äq\T Ç) ˇø£ dü+kÕú>∑‘·yÓTÆq ñ<ä´eT+ 7. ªìC≤yéT düu…®ø˘º ©>¥µ˝Àì düuÛÑT´\T ñqïyês¡T? m) |ü<äà»Hêj·TT&ÉT _) sêeTøÏwüHé sêe⁄ dæ) mdt._. X¯s¡à &ç) nãT›˝Ÿ Vü≤düHé düj·T<é n© Ç) düj·T´<é n_<é Vü≤düHé 1) m, _, dæ, &ç 2) dæ, &ç, Ç 3) m, _, dæ, &ç, Ç 4) m, dæ, Ç 8. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì~ @~? m) ô|ò&És¡˝Ÿ Ç+&çj·÷ |ü⁄düÔø±ìï s¡∫+∫q~ ¬ø.yéT. |òüDÏø£ÿsY, ¬ø.j·THé. Vü≤ø£‡sY _) ìC≤yéT nH˚~ ˇø£ dü+düú ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é Á|ü»\ kÕs¡«uÛÖeT‘ê«ìï ‘Ó*j·TCÒdüTÔ+~ dæ) ôd’Hê´ìï ìs¡«Væ≤+#·&É+ ø√dü+ ô|’>±\≈£î C≤^s¡T\qT Ç#êÃs¡T. &ç) ªìC≤yéT ©>¥µ Á|üø±s¡+ n+<äs¡T C≤^sY <ës¡T\T dü+kÕúHê\T, ñqï‘· e´≈£îÔ\T @&Ée ìC≤+≈£î $<Û˚j·TT\T>± ñ+&Ée\dæq nedüs¡+ ˝Ò<äT. 1) m, &ç 2) dæ 3) &ç 4) _ 9. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q~ @~? m) ôd+Á≥˝Ÿ ÁbÕ$Hé‡ qT+&ç ø±]à≈£î\T Ä~˝≤u≤<é, u…\¢+|ü*¢, ø±\Ø\≈£î e#˚Ãyês¡T _) ìC≤+ sê»´ nôd+;¢˝À 100 eT+~ düuÛÑT´\T Á|ü‘·´ø£å+>±, |üs√ø£å+>± ñ+&˚yês¡T dæ) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é sêC≤´ìøÏ Væ≤+<äT Á|ü<ÛëqT\T Á|ü‘êuŸ e+‘Y, s¡|òüTHê<é<ëdt, #·+<äT˝≤˝Ÿ, qπs+Á<ä |üsê¸<é 1) m, _, dæ 2) dæ 3) _, dæ &ç) _ 10. es¡+>∑˝ŸqT Ç˝≤ ≈£L&Ü n+{≤s¡T? m) ˇø£sê‹ _) Çø√bÕ\|ü⁄] dæ) zs¡T>∑\T¢ &ç) @ø£•\ Ç) ø√s¡THé≈£î\ 1) dæ. &ç 2) m, dæ, &ç 3) m, _,dæ,&ç 4) m, _, dæ, &ç, Ç 11. ôV’≤<äsêu≤<éqT Ç˝≤ ≈£L&Ü |æ\TkÕÔs¡T?

m) dæ{° Ä|òt ˝Òø˘‡ _) dæ{° Ä|òt &Ó’eT+&é‡ dæ) dæ{° Ä|òt >±¬s¶Hé‡ &ç) dæ{° Ä|òt ô|¬s˝Ÿ‡ 1) m, _ 2) _, dæ 3) m, dæ 4) m, _, dæ,&ç 12. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì~? m) nø£ås¡˝§~› >∑TVü≤\T |üPs¡«|ü⁄ KeTà+ õ˝≤¢˝À ñqï$ _) sêeT–] œ˝≤¢ |üPs¡«|ü⁄ ø£Ø+q>∑sY õ˝≤¢˝À ñqï~ dæ) uÛÑTeq–] ø√≥ Äø±s¡+ d”‘êø√ø£ ∫\Tø£ &ç) uÛ≤s¡‘·<ä<˚X¯ ‘=* <˚yê\j·T+ ø°düs¡>∑T≥º˝À ãj·T≥ |ü&ç+~. 1) dæ, &ç 2) m, dæ 3) _,dæ 4) m, _, &ç 13. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q~ m) nø£ÿqï, e÷<äqï <˚yê\j·T+ uÛÑÁ<ë#·\+˝À ñqï~ _) ndüàø£ nq>± sêsTT dæ) uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯ X¯ø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡+ ‘Ó\+>±D<˚ &ç) XÊdüHê\ Á|üø±s¡+ ªnÁe÷u≤<éµ nq>± eTVü≤ã÷uŸ q>∑sYµ Ç) ø°düs¡ >∑T≥º˝À 100 •e*+>±\THêïsTT 1) m, &ç, Ç 2) _, dæ 3) m, _, dæ, &ç, Ç 4) m, _, &ç 14. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì~ @~? m) #Ó’Hê >√&É ‘·s¡Tyê‘· n‹ô|<ä› >√&É Á|ü‘ê|üs¡TÁ<ä ø√≥˝À ñqï~ _) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é |ü_¢ø˘ düØ«dt ø£$TwüHéqT 1947˝À kÕú|æ+#ês¡T dæ) 1969˝À ª Ç&û¢, kÕ+u≤sY >√u≤´ø˘µ ª ¬>’sY eTT©ÿ >√ u≤´ø˘µ ìHê<ä+ &ç) »>∑Hé yÓ÷Vü≤Hé ø£$T{° ]b˛s¡Tº ñkÕàìj·÷ ø±˝ÒJøÏ dü+ã+~Û+∫q~ Ç) ô|<ä› eTqTwüß\ ˇ|üŒ+<ä+ô|’ dü+‘·ø£+ #˚dæqyês¡T

C….$. q]‡+>∑sêe⁄ 1) m, _, Ç 2) m, _, dæ, &ç, Ç 3) dæ, &ç 4) m, Ç 15. 1919 |òüs¡àHê Á|üø±s¡+ eTT©ÿ ø±ì~ @~? m) Ç‘·s¡ ÁbÕ+‘ê\˝À ìedæ+#˚yês¡T _) HêHé eTT©ÿ |ü⁄s¡Twüß&ç uÛ≤s¡´≈£L&Ü eTT©ÿ ne⁄‘·T+~ dæ) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é dü+kÕúq+˝À Á|üuÛÑT‘·« düØ«düT˝À 12 dü+e‘·‡sê\T |üP]Ô #˚dæq yê] dü+‘êq+ 1) m, dæ 2) dæ 3) m, _, dæ 4) _ 16. ◊<äT dü÷Á‘ê\ bòÕs¡Tà˝≤ >∑T]+∫ dü¬s’q~? m) eTT©ÿ ìj·Te÷\T HêHé ¬>õf…&é, ‘·Vü≤d”˝≤›s¡T¢, dæ$˝Ÿ ndæôdº+{Ÿ düs¡®q¢ ñ<√´>±\≈£î e]Ô+#·e⁄ _) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é, dæøÏ+Á<ëu≤<é≈£î ñeTà&ç b˛©düT e´edüú ñ+≥T+~ dæ) ‘Ó\+>±D s¡ø£åD ø£e#ê\T 1980 es¡≈£î s¡øÏå+ |üã&É‘êsTT 1) m, _, dæ 2) m, dæ 3) _, dæ 4) m, _ 17. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é sê»´+˝À ªHêD…+µ≈£î dü¬s’q~ @~? m) ñkÕàìj·÷ dæø±ÿ _) #ê]ÿ dæ) #ê]àHêsY 1) _, dæ 2) m 3) m, _ 4) m, _, dæ 18. øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì »‘· @~? 1) ôd’q´düVü≤ø±s¡ ˇ|üŒ+<ä+ ` y˚T»sY C….m. øÏsYÿbÕ´Á{Ïø˘

|üè~∏∏«≈£îe÷sY #ÍVü‰Hé 2) XÊ+‹ ˇ|üŒ+<ä+ ` s¡Tø±ï ñ<Í›˝≤ |üè~∏∏«dt ◊@mdt düº&ûdü]ÿ˝Ÿ &Ó’¬sø£ºsY 3) bÂ+>∑˝Ÿ ˇ|üŒ+<ä+ ` ¬øô|ºHé. ¬øqïyÓ ~˝ŸdüTUŸq>∑sY,ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é 4) ñ‘·Ôs¡ düsêÿsY ˇ|üŒ+<ä+ ` $ø±sY ñ<Í›˝≤ bò˛Hé: 9177602890 19. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì »‘·? 1) $sƒ¡˝Ÿ düT+<äsY ` sêC≤ |üs¡ÔuŸ |ü+‘Y _) $XÊ˝≤+Á<Ûä @sêŒ≥T≈£î »eVü≤sY˝≤˝Ÿ HÓÁVüA 2) sêeT<ëdt ` sêC≤ s¡|òüTTHê<∏é <ëdt düeTà‹+#ês¡T 3) MTsY eTTkÕU≤Hé ` qyêuŸ s¡Tø±ï ñ<Í›˝≤ dæ) ‘Ó\+>±D Á|ü‘˚´ø£ sêÁwüº+>± ñ+&Ü\ì ø√]+~ 4) ˝≤sTTø˘ n©U≤Hé ` yÓTT<ä{Ï kÕ˝≤sY »+>¥ &ç) ‘Ó\+>±D ø√kÕÔ+Á<Ûë m+≥sY Áô|’»dt ø±\˙>± 20. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì »‘· @~? e÷s¡e#·TÃ 1) >∑≥ÿ ` dü»® 2) ø£eTà ` ≈£î\+ 1) _ 2) &ç 3) m, _ 4) m, dæ, &ç 3) ô|sTT´ ` X¯Øs¡+ 4) ãs¡ÿ‘Y ` ˝≤uÛÑ+ 27. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q~ @~? 21.øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü]ø±ì »‘· @~? m) u…»yê&É >√bÕ\ ¬s&ç¶ ˇø£ rsêàHêìï Á|üy˚X¯ 1) dü+<ä÷ø˘ ` ‘·TbÕøÏ 2) >∑T&Ü\T ` >∑T–Zfi¯ófl ô|&ÉT‘·÷ ‘Ó\+>±D ÁbÕ+‘êìøÏ Á|ü‘˚´ø£ s¡ø£åD ø£*Œ 3) eT&ÉT+` øÏ˝À\T 4) o\ ` yÓTT\ kÕÔeTì, n~ »HêuÛ≤ ÁbÕ‹|ü~ø£q $<ë´ dü+düú\˝À, 22. ‘Ó\+>±D uÛÖ>√[ø£ dü÷∫ >∑T]+∫ dü]ø±ì~. düØ«düT\˝À neø±XÊ\qT ø£*ŒkÕÔeTHêïs¡T. 1) Hêsêj·TD ù|≥ Ns¡\T ` Vü≤düÔø£fi¯\T _) n|üŒ{Ï Ä+Á<Ûä sêÁwüº ñ|üeTTKéT+Á‹ ˙\+ 2) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é _sê´˙ ` e+≥\T dü+Je¬s&ç¶ nôd+;¢˝À e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·÷ ˇø£ rsêàHêìï 3) ø£Ø+q>∑sY dæ\«sY |òæ*Á– ` Vü≤düÔø£fi¯\T Á|üy˚X¯ ô|{≤ºs¡T. n~ ñ<√´>±\˝À 1/3 e+‘·T 4) #˚sê´˝Ÿ ô|sTT+{Ï+>¥‡ ` Vü≤düÔø£fi¯\T yê{≤qT y˚TeTT m{Ïº |ü]dæú‘·T\˝À ñ\¢|òæT+#·+ nì, 23. 1952˝À sêe÷#ê] ªôV’≤Á<ëu≤<é s¡ø£åD dü$T‹µì Hê e´øÏÔ>∑‘·+>±H˚ ø±≈£î+&Ü Ä+Á<Ûä nôd+;¢, Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ kÕú|æ+#ês¡T. <ëì ìHê<ä+? ‘·s¡T|ü⁄q Vü‰MT ÇdüTÔHêïqT nì Á|üø£{Ï+#ês¡T. 1) HêHéèTT©ÿ >√u≤´ø˘ dæ) ô|<ä› eTqTwüß\ ˇ|üŒ+<ä+ |òæÁãe] 20, 1956q 2) Ä+Á<Ûä HêHéèTT©ÿ >√u≤´ø˘ &Ûç©¢˝À »]–+~. 3) Ç&û¢ kÕ+u≤sY >√u≤´ø˘ 1) m, _, dæ 2) m, _ 3) _, dæ 4) m, dæ 4) ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é |òüsY ôV’≤<äsêu≤Bdt 28. ô|<ä› eTqTwüß\ ˇ|üŒ+<ä+ >∑T]+∫ dü¬s’q~ 24. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü]jÓÆTq~ @~? m) eT+Á‹ eT+&É*˝À ‘Ó\+>±D ÁbÕ+‘·+ yê]øÏ m) 1961 `66 eT<Ûä´ ø±\+˝À ‘Ó\+>±D $T>∑T\T dü]jÓÆTq ÁbÕ‹ì<ä´+ ø£*Œ+#·&É+ ì<ÛäT\T 30.54 ø√≥¢ s¡÷bÕj·T\T nì >∑es¡ïsY _) ¬s+&ÉT ÁbÕ+‘ê\˝À »HêuÛ≤ ÁbÕ‹|ü~ø£q düØ«düT\˝À ìj·T$T+#·&É+ dæ) ÁbÕ+rj·T eT+&É* ‘Ó\+>±D ÁbÕ+‘·+˝À uÛÑ÷ neTàø±\qT ìj·T+Á‹+#·&É+ &ç) ‘Ó\+>±D $T>∑T\T ì<ÛäT\qT ‘Ó\+>±D ÁbÕ+‘· n_Ûeè~Δπø ñ|üjÓ÷–+#ê*. 1) m,_,dæ,&ç 2)m,dæ,&ç 3) m,_,dæ 4) _,dæ,&ç 29. ô|<ä› eTqTwüß\ ñ\¢+|òüTq≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫ dü]jÓÆTq~? m) HêHé eTT©ÿ\≈£î nqT≈£L\+>± yÓTT‘·Ô+ $TqVü‰ sTT+|ü⁄ Çe«&É+ ÁbÕ+rj·T b˛düTº\˝À <ë<ë|ü⁄ 1500 eT+~ì ìj·T$T+#·&É+ _) ôV≤&é ø±«s¡ºsY‡\˝À |üì #˚düTÔqï Ä+Á<Ûä n~Ûø±s¡T \qT ‘Ó\+>±D˝Àì õ˝≤¢ Ä|ò”düT\˝À ÁbÕ+rj·T b˛düTº\≈£î ã~© #˚j·T&É+ nø£ÿ&É U≤∞ nsTTq b˛düTº\qT Ä+Á<Ûä n~Ûø±s¡T\‘√ ôV≤&é ø±«s¡ºsY‡\˝À eT∞fl ‹]– uÛÑØÔ #˚ùdyês¡T dæ) 1961 Á|üø±s¡+ ‘Ó\+>±D˝À 36, Ä+Á<Ûë˝À 70 nôd+;¢øÏ ‘Ó*j·TCÒXÊs¡T. XÊ‘·+ u≤\u≤*ø£\T bÕsƒ¡XÊ\≈£î yÓfi¯ó‘·THêïs¡T. M] _) ô|<ä› eTqTwüß\ ˇ|üŒ+<ä+ Á|üø±s¡+ ‘Ó\+>±D ej·TdüT Á>∑÷|ü⁄ 6 qT+&ç 11 dü+e‘·‡sê\T ÁbÕ+rj·T ø£$T{°ì @sêŒ≥T #˚dæ, 1958˝À 1) m, _ 2) m, dæ 3) m, _, dæ 4) _, dæ #·≥ºã<äΔ‘· ø£*Œ+#ês¡T dæ) dæ{° ø±˝ÒJ dü+|òüT≥q eT÷˝≤\T es¡+>∑˝Ÿ˝À 30. mì$T~ dü÷Á‘ê\ bòÕs¡Tà˝≤ (11`04`1969) >∑T]+∫ dü¬s’q~ @~? |ü&Ü¶sTT. m) ‘Ó\+>±D n<äq|ü⁄ ì<ÛäT\qT n+#·Hê y˚j·T&ÜìøÏ 1) m, _, dæ 2) _, dæ 3) m, _ 4) m, dæ n‘·T´qï‘ê~Ûø±s¡ ø£$T{°ì ìj·T$T+#·&É+ 25. øÏ+~yê{Ï˝À dü¬s’q~? _) ôV’≤ ˝…yÓ˝Ÿ ‘Ó\+>±D n_Ûeè~Δ ø£$T{°ì @sêŒ≥T #˚j·T&É+ m. <∏ësY ø£$TwüHé eTTK´+>± |ü]>∑Dq˝ÀøÏ rdüTø=qï dæ) Á|üuÛÑT‘·« ñ<√´>±\˝À sêC≤´+>∑|üs¡yÓTÆq düeTdü´ Ä+Á<Ûä, ø£sêí≥ø£, eTVü‰sêÁwüº\qT @sêŒ≥T Vü≤≈£îÿ\qT ø±bÕ&É≥+ #˚j·T&É+ &ç) Á|ü‹ Äs¡T HÓ\\≈£î ˇø£ kÕ] Á|ü<Ûëq eT+Á‹ düMTøå± _)1952˝À ø±+Á¬>dt y˚Tìô|òk˛º˝À uÛ≤cÕÁbÕ‹ düe÷y˚XÊ\T ìs¡«Væ≤kÕÔs¡T. |ü~ø£q sêÁcÕº\qT @sêŒ≥T #˚j·÷\ì Á|üø£{Ï+∫+~. 1) m, _ 2) m, _, dæ, &ç dæ) HêHé` eTT©ÿ Ä+<√fi¯q≈£î ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ 3) m, _, dæ 4) m, dæ, &ç eTT©ÿ ìj·Te÷\qT qe+ãsY 1, 1949q H√{Ïô|ò’ #˚dæ+~. düe÷<ÛëHê\T &ç) ‘Ó\+>±D Á|ü‘˚´ø£ sêÁwüº ñ<äé÷\ eT÷˝≤\T eTT©ÿ s¡÷˝Ÿ‡ ñ\¢+|òüTq˝À ñHêïsTT. 1.4 2.3 3.3 4.4 5.4 1) m, _,dæ,&ç 2) _, dæ,&ç 6.1 7.3 8.3 9.3 10.4 3) m, _ 4) dæ,&ç 11.4 12.1 13.2 14.3 15.3 26. sêÁcÕº\ |ü⁄q]«uÛÑ»q ø£$TwüHé dæbòÕs¡düT ø±ì~? 16.1 17.4 18.4 19.4 20.2 m) ªˇø£ sêÁwüº+ ` ˇø£ uÛ≤wüµ nH˚ dæ<ëΔ+‘êìï dæbòÕs¡düT 21.1 22.2 23.1 24.1 25.1 #˚j·T&Üìï ‹s¡düÿ]+∫+~ 26.1 27.1 28.1 29.3 30.2

 13  2018 - 

GRAPHS

4 MARKS QUESTIONS

ntnews.com

nthyd.com

Find the median IQ of the data? B.Laxminarayana Maths Senior Faculty Hyderabad 9849386253

10th Class Special

PRACTICE QUESTION

ntnews.com

nthyd.com

Electric charges (9 marks)

 13  2018 - 

State gauss law in electrostatics? P SRINIVAS physical science Hyderabad

9700724464

INTERMEDIATE s p e c i a l

S E N I O R

X¯ìyês¡+ 13 nø√ºãsY, 2018

4 ÉìþÎÏ çÜ$Ìê¢-¯èþ$Ë$&{ç³«§é¯èþ çœ$sêt-Ë$

ÉìþÎÏ çÜ$Ìê¢¯èþ$Ë ^èþÇ{™èþ 1206&VøÈ Ðèþ$çßýÃ§Šþ Ðèþ$Ææÿ×ý…, Mæü$™èþ$»Œý E©ª¯Œþ IºMŠü ÉìþÎÏ »ê°çÜ Ðèþ…Ôèý… çÜ$Ìê¢-¯èþ-™Œþ¯èþ$ Ýë¦ç³¯èþ ^óþÄæý$yæþ…. 1206&90&ÉìþÎÏ »ê°çÜ Ðèþ…Ôèý çÜ$Ìê¢-¯èþ$Ë ´ëË¯èþ. 1211&36&CÌŒý&r$sŒý&Ñ$‹Ù ´ëË¯èþ. 1221&ÐéÄæý$ÐèþÅ ¿êÆæÿ™èþ§óþÔèý…ò³OMìü Ðèþ$…VøÌŒý ^èþ{Mæü-ÐèþÇ¢ ^ð…X-gŒý-Rê¯Œþ §éyìþMìü Äæý$™èþ²… 1231&ÉìþÎÏÌZ Mæü$™èþ$»Œý Ñ$¯éÆŠÿ °Æ>Ã×ý… çÜ…ç³NÆæÿ~… 1266&1286&»ê°çÜ Ðèþ…Ôèý Æ>gñýO¯èþ »êË¾¯Œþ ´ëË¯èþ. 1288&1293&¿êÆæÿ™èþ§óþÔèý…ÌZ Ððþ°‹Ü Äæý*{†-Mæü$-yðþO¯èþ Ðèþ*ÆøP-´ùÌZ ç³ÆæÿÅ-r-¯èþ 1290&1320&ÉìþÎÏ çÜÌê¢-¯èþ-™ŒþMæü$ ^ðþ…¨¯èþ SÎjË ´ëË¯èþ. 1296&1316&AÌêÏ-E-©ª¯Œþ SÎj ç³Ç-´ë-Ë¯èþ, òÜO°Mæü, BÇ¦Mæü, ´ëË¯é çÜ…çÜP-Ææÿ-×ýË$, Ñf-Äæý*Ë$ 1309&11&AÌêÏ-E-©ª¯Œþ SÎj õÜ¯é° Ðèþ*ÍMŠü MæüçœNÆŠÿ §æþ„ìü×ý ¿êÆæÿ™èþ§óþÔèý §æþ…yæþ-Äæý*-{™èþ 1320&1414&ÉìþÎÏ ™èþ$VæüÏ-MŠüË ´ëË¯èþ. 1325&51&Ðèþ$çßýÃ§Šþ ½¯Œþ ™èþ$VæüÏMŠü ´ëË-¯èþ. 1327& Æ>f-«§é-°° ÉìþÎÏ ¯èþ$…_ §úÌê-™é-»ê§Šþ (§óþ-Ðèþ-W-Ç-)Mìü Ðèþ*Ææÿayæþ… 1329&Ðèþ$çßýÃ§Šþ½¯Œþ™èþ$þVæüÏ-MŠü º…V>Ææÿ$, Ððþ…yìþ ¯é×ñýË º§æþ$Ë$ Æ>W ¯é×ñý-Ë¯èþ$ gêÈ ^óþÄæý$yæþ…. 1336&1565& Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ ÝëÐèþ*fÅ… ÐðþO¿æýÐèþ…, I§æþ$ ºçßýÃ± Æ>gêÅË$, Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ… Ðèþ$«§æþÅ Æ>„æüçÜ ™èþ…Væüyìþ Äæý$$§æþ®… 1336&42&¿êÆæÿ™èþ§óþÔèý…ÌZ Ððþ$$Æ>Mø Äæý*{†-Mæü$-yðþO¯èþ C¼¯Œþ ºr*sê ç³ÆæÿÅ-r¯èþ 1347&1518&ºçßýÃ± Æ>fÅ… 1351&88 íœÆø-gŒýÚë ç³Ç-´ë-Ë¯èþ 1398&¿êÆæÿ™èþ §óþÔèý…ò³OMìü ™ðþOÐèþ$*ÆŠÿ §éyìþ 1414&51& ÉìþÎÏ çÜÄæý$Å-§ŠþË ´ëË¯èþ 1420&Cr-Î-ÌZ° Ððþ°‹Ü Äæý*{†-Mæü$-yðþO¯èþ °Mø-ÌZ-M>…sìý Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-Væü-Æ>°² çÜ…§æþ-ÇØ…^èþyæþ… 1429&AçßýÃ-§ŠþÚëÐèþÎ ºçßýÃ± Æ>f-«§é-°° Væü$Ë¾Æ>Y ¯èþ$…_ ½§æþ-ÆŠÿMæü$ Ðèþ*Ææÿayæþ…. 1443&ç³ÇÛÄæý* Äæý*{†-Mæü$-yðþO¯èþ Aº$ªÌŒý ÆæÿgêMŠü ¿êÆæÿ™èþ §óþÔèý çÜ…§æþ-ÆæÿØ¯èþ 1451&1526 ÉìþÎÏ ÌZyîþ çÜ$Ìê¢-¯èþ$Ë ´ëË¯èþ. 1469&Væü$Ææÿ$-¯é-¯èþMŠü f¯èþ¯èþ…. 1481&ºçßýÃ± Æ>fÅ {ç³«§é° Ìôý§é ÐèþiÆŠÿ AÆÿ$$¯èþ Ðèþ$çßýÃ§Šþ VæüÐé¯Œþ çßý™èþÅ; ºçßýÃ±Æ>fÅ Ñ_e¯èþ²… BÆæÿ…¿æý… 1490&1633&AçßýÃ-§Šþ-¯èþ-VæüÆŠÿ °gê… ÚëïßýË$ 1490&1686&½gê-ç³NÆŠÿ A¨-ÌŒý-Úë-ïßýË$ 1490&1574&½§æþÆŠÿ CÐèþ*-§Šþ-Úë-ïßýË$ 1498&MóüÆæÿ-âæý-ÌZ° M>Í-Mæü-sŒýMæü$ ´ùÆæÿ$a-X‹Ü Äæý*{†-Mæü$-yðþO¯èþ ÐéÝùP-yìþ-V>Ðèþ* BVæü-Ðèþ$¯èþ… 1506&íÜMìü…§æþ-ÆŠÿ-ÌZyìþ Æ>f-«§é-°° ÉìþÎÏ ¯èþ$…_ B{V>Mæü$ Ðèþ*Ææÿayæþ… 1509&29&{ÖMæü–-çÙ~-§óþ-Ðèþ-Æ>-Äæý$Ë ´ëË¯èþ. ´ùÆæÿ$a-X‹Ü §óþÔèýçÜ$¦-ÌñýO¯èþ õ³‹Ü, »êÆø¾-ÝëË$ Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-Væü-Æ>°² çÜ…§æþ-ÇØ…^èþyæþ…. 1510&´ùÆæÿ$a-VæüÌŒý VøÐé¯èþ$ fÆÿ$$…^èþ-yæþ… 1518&1687&VøÌŸP…yæþ Mæü$™èþ$-»Œý-Úë-ïßýË$ 1526& Ððþ$$§æþsìý ´ë°-ç³-r$t- Äæý$$-§æþ®…, Ððþ$$VæüÌŒý Ðèþ…Ôèý Ýë¦ç³Mæü$-yðþO¯èþ »êºÆŠÿ ^óþ†ÌZ _ÐèþÇ ÉìþÎÏ çÜ$Ìê¢¯Œþ C{º-ïßýÐŒþ$ ÌZyìþ KrÑ$.

Mæü$™èþ$-»Œý-E-©ª¯Œþ Iº-MŠü & ÉìþÎÏ çÜÌê¢-¯èþ™Œþ Ððþ$$§æþsìý çÜ$Ìê¢¯Œþ, VøÈ Ðèþ$çßýÃ§Šþ »ê°çÜ, »ê°çÜ Ðèþ…Ôèý Ýë¦ç³-Mæü$yæþ$. Mæü$™èþ$»Œý Ñ$¯éÆŠÿMæü$ Ýë¦ç³¯èþ ^óþÔéyæþ$. CÌŒý&r$sŒý&Ñ$‹Ù & Mæü$™èþ$-»Œý-E-©ª¯Œþ Iº-MŠüMæü$ »ê°çÜ, AË$Ï-yæþ$.- ¿ê-Ææÿ-™èþ-§óþÔèý…ÌZ Ðèþ$$íÜÏ…Ë A«¨-M>-Æ>°² çÜ$íÜ¦Ææÿ… ^óþíÜ¯èþ ÐèþÅMìü¢. Mæü$™èþ$»Œý Ñ$¯é-ÆŠÿ¯èþ$ ç³NÇ¢ ^óþÔéyæþ$. & BÝë¦-¯èþ…ÌZ "_à-ÌŒý-Væü±' Ðèþ$$u> BÑ-Æ>ÂÐèþ…. ÆæÿhÄæý* çÜ$Ìê¢¯é & Ðèþ$«§æþÅ -Äæý$$Væü…ÌZ ÉìþÎÏ çÜÌê¢-¯èþ-™Œþ¯èþ$ ´ëÍ…_¯èþ HMðüOMæü ïÜˆ.

»êË¾¯Œþ & _à-ÌŒý-Væü± Ðèþ$$u>¯èþ$ A…™èþ… ^óþÔéyæþ$. Mæü$Î-¯èþ$-Ëò³O çÜ$Ìê¢¯Œþ B«¨-ç³-™èþÅ… MøçÜ… íÜf§æþ (Ýë-Úët…Væü {ç³×êÐèþ$…), ò³O»Z‹Ü (çÜ$-Ìê¢¯Œþ ´ë§é-Ë¯èþ$ Ðèþ$$§æþ$ª-ò³-r$t-Mø-Ðèþyæþ…) Ðèþ…sìý ç³ÇÛ-Äæý$¯Œþ çÜ…{ç³-§é-Äæý*-Ë¯èþ$ {ç³Ðóþ-Ôèý-ò³-sêtyæþ$. & ç³ÇÛ-Äæý$¯Œþ ç³…yæþ$-VðüO¯èþ ¯úÆø-gŒý¯èþ$ {ç³Ðóþ-Ôèý-ò³-sêtyæþ$. & ¨Ðé-¯Œþ&C&BÆŠÿj A¯óþ òÜO°Mæü ÔéQ¯èþ$ {ç³Ðóþ-Ôèý-ò³-sêtyæþ$.

SÎj Ðèþ…Ôèý-…

& EÌôý-Ðèþ*Ë (Ðèþ$-™é-«¨-M>-Ææÿ$-Ë$) ç³rÏ Æ>i «§øÆæÿ×ìý AÐèþË…À…^éyæþ$. & ¨Ðé-¯Œþ&C&º…§æþ-V>° ÔéQ¯èþ$ »ê°-çÜ-Ë MøçÜ… {ç³™óþÅMæü…V> °Äæý$-Ñ$…^éyæþ$. & Ðèþ$$íÜÏ-Ðóþ$-™èþÆæÿ$Ëò³O Ðèþ$™èþ-ç³¯èþ$² "h-h-Äæý*-'¯èþ$ Ñ«¨…^éyæþ$. çÜÄæý$Å-§ŠþË$ & SÎjË ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ çÜÄæý$Å-§ŠþË$ ÉìþÎÏ° ´ëÍ…^éÆæÿ$. & Sh-ÆŠÿ-Rê¯Œþ D Ðèþ…Ôé°² Ýë¦í³…^éyæþ$. & AÌê E©ª¯Œþ Úë BËÐŒþ$ _ÐèþÇ çÜÄæý$Å§Šþ ´ëË-Mæü$yæþ$.

ÌZyîþ-Ë$

QÎ¸ë Ýë{Ðèþ*-gêÅ-°Mìü Mæü$yìþ¿æý$f…. & "çœ*i-' A¯èþ² ¼Ææÿ$-§æþ$¯èþ$ Eç³-Äñý*-W…_¯èþ Ððþ$$§æþ-sìý çÜ$Ìê¢¯Œþ íœ$Äæý*-çÜ$-©ª¯Œþ ™èþ$VæüÏMŠü. & Ðèþ$çßýÃ§Šþ ½¯Œþ ™èþ$VæüÏ-MŠü¯èþ$ {í³¯ŒþÞ B‹œ Ðèþ$±-Äæý$-ÆŠÿÞV> ÐèþÅÐèþ-çßý-Ç-Ýë¢Ææÿ$. & ç³Ç-{Ôèý-Ðèþ$-Ë$&¯èþ*Ë$ ÐèþÝëˆË$, ç³r$t, M>W™èþ…, °Æ>Ã×ý ç³Ç-{Ôèý-Ðèþ$Ë$ {ç³«§é¯èþÐðþ$O¯èþ-Ñ.

C…yø&CÝëÏ-Ñ$MŠü çÜ…çÜP-−–†&ÐéçÜ$¢Mæü-âæý

& MæüÐèþ*¯èþ$, Væü$Ðèþ$Ãr… ç³§æþª†, E™èþ¢Ðèþ$ ÆæÿMæü… MæüÌêÓ°² Ñ°-Äñý*-W…^èþyæþ…, ÝëÏ»Œý, ½ÐŒþ$ ç³§æþ®†, AË…Mæü-Ææÿ×ý CÝëÏ-Ñ$MŠü ÐéçÜ$¢ {ç³«§é¯èþ Ë„æü-×êË$. & {ç³«§é¯èþ Mæürt-yé-Ë$&AÆ>áÄŒý$ ¨¯ŒþMæü gZ¯Œþ{´ë ¿æýÐèþ¯èþ… (AiÃ-ÆŠÿ), Mæü$ÐèþÓ-™Œþ&EÌŒý&CÝëÏÐŒþ$ Ðèþ$ïÜ§æþ$, Mæü$™èþ$-»Œý-Ñ$-¯éÆŠÿ, AÌêÄŒý$ §æþÆ>Óf, ™èþ$VæüÏ-M>-»ê§Šþ Mør, íœ$Äæý*-çÜ$-©ª¯Œþ Ðèþ$ïÜ§æþ$, çßogŒý Rê‹Ü, ÌZyîþ V>Æðÿz¯Œþ. ò³OÐèþ±² ÉìþÎÏÌZ E¯é²Æÿ$$. & AËÄŒý$ §æþÆ>Ógê Mæü$™èþ$»Œý Ñ$¯é-ÆŠÿMæü$ {ç³Ðóþ-Ôèý-§éÓÆæÿ…. & íœ$Äæý*-çÜ$-©ª¯Œþ çÜÐèþ*-«¨° G™èþ¢-Æÿ$$¯èþ Ðóþ¨-Mæüò³O °ÇÃ…^éÆæÿ$. & íœÆø-gŒýÚë gê¯Œþ-ç³NÆŠÿ, íßýÝëÞÆŠÿ, çœ™óþ-»ê§Šþ Ðèþ…sìý ç³rt×ê-Ë¯èþ$ °ÇÃ…^éyæþ$. & ¯éíÜ-Ææÿ$-©ª¯Œþ Ðèþ$çßýÃ-§ŠþÚë Mæü½-Ææÿ$-©ª¯Œþ AÍÄæý* çÜÐèþ*«¨ (ÌêÌŒý Væü$…º-gŒý-)¯èþ$ °ÇÃ…^éyæþ$. & Ðèþ*âêÓ-ÌZ° Ðèþ$…yæþ* Ðèþ$âêÏ ÔðýOÍMìü {ç³íÜ¨® Móü…{§æþ…. CMæüPyìþ íßý…§øÌê Ðèþ$çßýÌŒý (E-Äæý*ÅÌê Ðèþ$…¨-Ææÿ…) ^éÌê Ñ_-{™èþ-Ððþ$O-¯èþ¨.

& º‹ßý-ÌêÌŒý ÌZyìþ D Ðèþ…Ôèý Ýë¦ç³-Mæü$yæþ$. & °gê-ÐŒþ$-Rê¯Œþ Ìôý§é íÜMìü…§æþ-ÆŠÿ-ÌZyìþ ½à-ÆŠÿ¯èþ$ 1494ÌZ fÆÿ$$…_, B{Mæü-Ñ$…^éyæþ$. & 1506ÌZ ÉìþÎÏ-¯èþ$…_ B{V>Mæü$ Æ>f-«§é-°° Ðèþ*Æ>ayæþ$. & ÌZyìþ ´ëË-Mæü$-ËÌZ _ÐèþÇ çÜ$Ìê¢¯Œþ C{º-ïßý…ÌZyìþ. & Ððþ$$§æþsìý ´ë°-ç³r$t Äæý$$§æþ®…ÌZ 1526ÌZ »êºÆŠÿ ^óþ†ÌZ C{º-ïßý…ÌZ-yìþ Kyìþ-´ù-Äæý*yæþ$. ç³Ç-´ë-Ë-¯èþ: Móü…{§æþ- {ç³-¿æý$-™èþÓ… & Q$Æ>¯Œþ, Ðèþ$çßýÃ-§Šþ {ç³ÐèþMæü¢ {ç³»Z«§éË$, B^èþ-Ææÿ-×ê-ËMæü$ çÜ…º…«¨…_¯èþ "à©-‹Ü-', çÙÇ-Äæý$-™Œþ, fÐé-¼™Œþ (çÜ$-Ìê¢¯ŒþË$ Ææÿ*´÷…¨…_¯èþ °Äæý$Ðèþ$ °º…«§æþ-¯èþ-Ë$-)Ë B«§éÆæÿ…V> CÝëÏ-Ñ$MŠü Æ>f-MîüÄæý$ ÐèþÅÐèþçÜ¦ B«§é-Ææÿ-ç³-yìþ…¨. & Q$™é¾ A¯èþV> {´ë-Ææÿ¦-¯èþ, íÜM>P A¯èþV> ¯é×ñý…. & Ðèþ$¯èþ*ÞÆŠÿ A¯èþV> {ç³†-Úëx-ç³¯èþ ç³{™èþ… çÜ…X™èþ… & QÎ¸ë ¯èþ$…_ Ðèþ$¯èþ*Þ-ÆŠÿ¯èþ$ çÜ…´ë…¨…_¯èþ çÜ$Ìê¢-¯èþ$- & rÆŠÿPË$ Ææÿº»Œý, ÝëÆæÿ…W A¯óþ çÜ…X™èþ Ýë«§æþ-¯é-Ë¯èþ$ Ë$&CÌŒý-r$-sŒý-Ñ$‹Ù, Ðèþ$çßýÃ§Šþ ½¯Œþ ™èþ$VæüÏMŠü, íœÆø-gŒýÚë. Ðèþ$¯èþ-§óþ-Ôé-°Mìü ¡çÜ$-Mæü$-Ðèþ-^éaÆæÿ$. & ¯éÆÿ$$»Œý çÜ$Ìê¢¯Œþ çÜ$Ìê¢¯Œþ {ç³†-°«¨, ÐèþiÆŠÿ "¨-Ðé-¯Œþ& C& & ¿êÆæÿ-¡Äæý$ ÔéïÜˆÄæý$ çÜ…X™èþ {Væü…£æþ-Ððþ$O¯èþ Æ>Væü-§æþ-ÆæÿµÐèþgê-Ææÿ-™Œþ-' (B-Ç¦Mæü ÔéQ-)Mæü$ A«¨-ç³†. ×ê°² ç³ÇÛÄæý* ¿êçÙ-ÌZMìü A¯èþ$-Ðèþ-¨…^éÆæÿ$. & AÒ$ÆŠÿ Q${çÜ* íÜ™éÆ> A¯óþ Mö™èþ¢ çÜ…X™èþ ç³Ç-Mæü-Æ>°² Mæü¯èþ$-Vö-¯é²yæþ$. & ÝëÐèþ*‹Ü A¯èþV> çÜ…X™èþ çÜÐóþ$Ã-âæý-¯éË$. & V>ÓÍ-Äæý$ÆŠÿ {´ë…¡Äæý$ Æ>fÅ- Æ>gñýO¯èþ Æ>gê-Ðèþ*-¯Œþ-íÜ…VŠü Vöç³µ çÜ…X™èþ {í³Äæý$$yæþ$. Ðèþ$$íÜÏ…Ë ¯èþ*™èþ¯èþ çÜ…X™èþ çÜÓÆæÿ-È-™èþ$-Ë-°²…sìý° ^óþÇa¯èþ "Ðèþ$¯Œþ Mú™èþ$-çßý-ÌŒý' {Væü… & AÇ-gŒý&C&Ðèþ$$Ðèþ*-ÍMŠü "¨-Ðé-¯Œþ&C&AÆŠÿj' (òÜO-°Mæü ÔéQ)Mæü$ £é°² BÄæý$¯èþ ´ùçÙ-×ý-ÌZ¯óþ Ææÿ_…^éÆæÿ$. A«¨-ç³†.

GENERAL AWARENESS fÌê-Ë$-©ª¯Œþ SÎj & SÎj Æ>f-Ðèþ…Ôèý Ýë¦ç³-Mæü$yæþ$. ™èþ¯èþ AË$Ï-yðþO¯èþ BÎ Væü$ÆŠÿçÙ-‹Üµ ^óþ†ÌZ çßý™èþ$-yæþ-Äæý*Åyæþ$. AÌêÏ-E-©ª¯Œþ SÎj & AçÜË$ õ³Ææÿ$ BÎVæü$ÆŠÿ-çÙ-‹Üµ. & Ýë{Ðèþ*fÅ çÜ$íÜ¦-Ææÿ™èþ MöÆæÿMæü$ òÜO°Mæü, ç³Ç-´ë-Ë¯é, BÇ¦Mæü çÜ…çÜP-Ææÿ-×ý-Ë¯èþ$ ^óþç³-sêtyæþ$. & Ðèþ$§æþÅ…, Ðèþ$™èþ$¢-´ë-±-Äæý*-Ë¯èþ$ ºíßý-Ææÿ…Væü…V> AÐèþ$Ã yæþ…, õÜÑ…^èþ-yé°² °õÙ-«¨…^éyæþ$. & A¯èþ$-Ðèþ$† ÌôýMæü$…yé Mæü$Î-¯èþ$Ë$ çÜÐèþ*-Ðóþ-Ôèý-Ðèþ$-Ðèþyæþ…, A…™èþ-ÇÓ-Ðé-àË$ ^óþçÜ$-Mø-Ðèþ-yé°² °õÙ-«¨…^éyæþ$. & "§éVŠü' (Væü$-{Æ>-Ë-Mæü$ Væü$Ææÿ$¢Ë$ ÐóþÄæý$-yæþ…), "^èþ{à-' (òÜO-°Mæü$Ë ç³sìýt-Mæü-), CM>¢-ËMæü$ º§æþ$-Ë$V> Ðóþ™èþ-¯é-Ë¯èþ$ C^óþa Ñ«§é-¯é°² {ç³Ðóþ-Ôèý-ò³-sêtyæþ$. & Ýë{Ðèþ*fÅ çÜ$íÜ¦-Ææÿ™èþ MøçÜ… ò³§æþª òÜO¯èþÅ °ÆæÿÓ-çßý-×ýMæü$ AÐèþ-çÜ-ÆæÿÐèþ$Äôý$Å B§éÄæý$… MøçÜ… ¿æý*Ñ$-Õ-çÜ$¢¯èþ$ 50 Ôé™è… ò³…^éyæþ$. & ÕçÜ$¢ ÐèþçÜ*Ë$ MøçÜ… "¨-Ðèþ$$çÜ¢-Q-gŒý' A¯óþ ÔéQ¯èþ$ HÆ>µr$ ^óþÔéyæþ$. & AÌêÏ-E-©ª¯Œþ õÜ¯é° Ðèþ*Í-MŠü-Mæü-çœNÆŠÿ ç³Ë$ òÜO°Mæü ÑfÄæý*Ë$ Ýë«¨…_ Ýë{Ðèþ*gêÅ°² ÑçÜ¢-Ç…^éyæþ$.

& çÜ§æþ-ÆŠÿ&E‹Ü&çÜ$§æþ$ÆŠÿ "¨-Ðé-¯Œþ&C&ÇÝë-Ë-™Œþ' ({ç³¿æý$™èþÓ «§æþÆ>Ã-§éÄæý$, «§éÇÃMæü ÔéQ-)Mæü$ A«¨-ç³†. & "Mæü¯Œþ-Rê-Ë$-', "Ðèþ$-§æþ-Æ>Þ-Ë$' A¯èþV> Ðèþ$çßýÃ-©Äæý$ ´ëuæÿ-Ôé-ËË$ & fMæü™Œþ çÜ…ç³¯èþ² Ðèþ$$íÜÏ…Ë-¯èþ$…_ ÐèþçÜ*Ë$ ^óþõÜ ç³¯èþ$². & M>i&EÌŒý&Mæü$f™Œþ ¯éÅÄæý$-Ôé-Rê-«¨-ç³† & AÒ$-ÆŠÿ&Ðèþ$$±Û "¨-Ðé-¯Œþ&C&C¯éÛ' A¯óþ ÇM>Ææÿ$zË ÔéQMæü$ A«¨-ç³†. & ºÈ-§Šþ&C&Ðèþ$$Ðèþ*-ÍMŠü çÜÐèþ*-^éÆæÿ, °çœ* Ñ¿ê-V>-«¨-ç³†. Æ>çÙ‰ {ç³¿æý$™èþÓ… ¬& CM>¢ A¯èþV> Æ>çÙ‰…. VæüÐèþ-Ææÿ²-ÆŠÿ¯èþ$ ¯éÆÿ$$ÐŒþ$ Ìôý§é ÐèþÍ A° í³Í-^óþ-ÐéÆæÿ$. Ýë¦°Mæü {ç³¿æý$-™èþÓ… & íÙMŠü A¯èþV> hÌêÏ. ©° A«¨-ç³† íÙMŠü-§é-ÆŠÿ. ç³Ææÿ-Væü-×ê A¯èþ-V> {V>Ðèþ*Ë çÜÐèþ$$-§éÄæý$…. ©° A«¨-ç³† AÑ$-ÌŒý. & {V>Ðèþ$ ò³§æþª Ðèþ$$Mæü-§æþªÐŒþ$ Ìôý§é ^ú§æþÈ.

BÇ¦Mæü ÐèþÅÐèþçÜ¦

& CM>¢ A¯èþV> A«¨-M>-Ææÿ$-ËMæü$ Móüsê-Æÿ$$…_¯èþ ¿æý*Ñ$. & QÎ-Ýë A¯èþ-V> Æ>kMæü$ ^ðþ…¨¯èþ ¿æý*Ñ$. ™èþ$VæüÏ-MŠü-Ë$ & C¯é-ÐŒþ$ A¯èþV> ÐèþÅMæü$¢Ë$, çÜ…çÜ¦-ËMæü$ Móüsê-Æÿ$$…_¯èþ íœ$Äæý*-çÜ$-©ª¯Œþ ™èþ$VæüÏMŠü ¿æý*Ñ$. ©°¯óþ Ðèþ$§æþ-§Šþ&C&Ðèþ*‹Ù Ìôý§é ÐèþMŠü¹ ¿æý*Ñ$ A° Mæü*yé A…sêÆæÿ$. & ™èþ$VæüÏMŠü Æ>f-Ðèþ…Ôèý Ýë¦ç³-Mæü$yæþ$. C™èþ° Mæü$Ðèþ*-Ææÿ$yæþ$ õ³Ææÿ$ k¯é-Rê¯Œ. EË$-RŒý-Rê¯Œþ A° Mæü*yé A…sêÆæÿ$. & ™èþM>PÒ A¯èþV> ÐèþÅÐèþ-ÝëÄæý$ Ææÿ$×êË$. & AQ…yæþ Ðóþ$«§é çÜ…ç³-¯èþ$²yæþ$. M>° çÜçßý¯èþ… Ìôý° Møí³íÙt. & ¯ésìý {ç³«§é¯èþ ç³rt-×ê-Ë$&ÌêçßZÆŠÿ, Ðèþ$$Ìê¢¯Œþ (´ë-Mìü©…™ø BÄæý$¯èþ ^óþç³-sìýt¯èþ çÜ…çÜP-Ææÿ-×ýË$ Ñçœ-Ë-Ðèþ$-Æÿ$$-¯éÆÿ$$. Ýë¢-¯Œþ), {»Z^Œþ, M>…»ôý, A°á-ÌŒý-ÐéyŠþ, ËMú²†, VúÆŠÿ, Ýù¯é-ÆŠÿ-V>ÐŒþ, §úË-™é-»ê§Šþ, ÉìþÎÏ, gê¯Œþ-ç³NÆŠÿ. & Æ>f-«§é-°° ÉìþÎÏ-¯èþ$…_ §úË-™é-»ê§Šþ (§óþ-Ðèþ-W-Ç-)Mìü Ðèþ*Ææÿayæþ…. & r…M> A¯èþV> Ððþ…yìþ ¯é×ñý… & Ððþ…yìþ º§æþ$-Ë$V> Æ>W ¯é×ñý-Ë¯èþ$ {ç³Ðóþ-Ôèý-ò³-sêtyæþ$. & ¡{Ðèþ-Ððþ$O¯èþ MæüÆæÿ$Ðèþ# ¯ðþË-Mö-¯èþ²-ç³šyæþ$ Væü…V>&Äæý$Ðèþ$$¯èþ & VøÈ Ðèþ$çßýÃ§Šþ ËMîü‡-§óþÑ _{™èþ…™ø º…V>Ææÿ$ ¯é×ôýË$ Ðèþ$${¨…^éyæþ$. A…™èþ-ÆóÿÓ¨ {´ë…™èþ…ÌZ 50 Ôé™èþ… ç³¯èþ$² Ñ«¨…^éyæþ$. & ÐèþÅÐèþ-Ýë-Äæý*-À-Ðèþ–-¨®Mìü "¨-Ðé-¯Œþ&C&Møíßý)A¯óþ {ç³™óþÅMæü & CÌŒý-r$-sŒý-Ñ$‹Ù gêÈ ^óþíÜ¯èþ Ððþ…yìþ r…M>-Ë-ÌZ Mö°²… sìýò³O Væü${Ææÿ… Ò$§æ Mæü*Ææÿ$a¯èþ² Æ>k »ŸÐèþ$Ã E…yóþ¨. ÔéQ¯èþ$ HÆ>µr$ ^óþÔéyæþ$. & AÌêÏ-E-©ª¯Œþ SÎj ¼Ææÿ$-§æþ$-Ë$&Æðÿ…yø AÌñý-V>j…yæþÆŠÿ, íœÆø-gŒýÚë ™èþ$VæüÏMŠü

Ýëíßý™èþÅ…

& AÒ$ÆŠÿ Q${çÜ* çÜº-MŠü&C&íßý…§Šþ Ìôý§é ¿êÆæÿ-¡Äæý$ ÔðýOÍ A° {ç³íÜ¨® ^ðþ…¨¯èþ ¯èþ*™èþ¯èþ ç³ÇÛ-Äæý$¯Œþ ÔðýOÍ° çÜ–íÙt…^éyæþ$. & hÄæý* E©ª¯Œþ ºÆ>°, ÚëÐŒþ$Þ&C&íÙÆ>-gŒý Aíœ‹³, CÚëÑ$ {ç³Ðèþ$$Q ^èþÇ-{™èþ-M>-Ææÿ$Ë$. & hÄæý*-¯èþ-„>-À çÜ…çÜP-−–™èþ {Væü…£é-Ë¯èþ$ ç³ÇÛÄæý* ¿êçÙÌZMìü A¯èþ$-Ðé§æþ… ^óþíÜ-¯è {ç³£æþ-Ðèþ$ -MæüÑ. & M>ÖÃÆŠÿ çÜ$Ìê¢¯Œþ fÆÿ$$-¯Œþ&EÌŒý&A¼-¨¯Œþ Æ>f-™èþ-Ææÿ…W×ìý, Ðèþ$à-¿ê-Ææÿ-™é-Ë¯èþ$ ç³ÇÛÄæý* ¿êçÙ-ÌZMìü A¯èþ$-Ðé§æþ… ^óþÔéyæþ$.

Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ Ýë{Ðèþ*-fÅ… & & & & & & & & & & &

Ñf-Äæý$-¯èþ-VæüÆæÿ M>Ë…&{Mîü.Ôèý.1336&{Mîü.Ôèý.1565 ´ëÍ…_¯èþ Ðèþ…Ôé-Ë$&çÜ…VæüÐèþ$, Ýëâæý$Ðèþ, ™èþ$âæý$Ðèþ, AÆæÿ-Òsì.ý {ç³«§é¯èþ §ðþOÐèþ… ÑÆæÿ*-´ë-„æü$yæþ$ Æ>f-«§é° ÑfÄæý$¯èþVæüÆæÿ… ™èþ$…Væü-¿æý{§æþ ¯èþ©-¡-Æ>¯èþ çßý…í³ÌZ E…¨. Ýë¦ç³-Mæü$Ë$ çÜ…VæüÐèþ$ Ðèþ…Ôé-°Mìü ^ðþ…¨¯èþ çßýÇ-çßýÆæÿ, º$MæüP-Æ>-Äæý$Ë$. Ýë{Ðèþ*fÅ Ýë¦ç³-¯èþMæü$ §øçßý§æþ… ^óþíÜ¯èþ ÐèþÅMìü¢ Ñ§éÅ-Ææÿ×ýÅ-ÝëÓÑ$. çÜ…VæüÐèþ$ Ðèþ…Ôèý ({Mîü-.Ôèý.1336&{Mîü-.Ôèý.1485) Ýë¦ç³Mæü$Ë$ çßýÇ-çßýÆæÿ º$MæüP-Æ>-Äæý$Ë$ Ýëâæý$Ðèþ Ðèþ…Ôèý ({Mîü.Ôèý. 1485&{Mîü-.Ôèý.1505) Ýë¦ç³Mæü$Ë$ Ýëâæý$Ðèþ ¯èþÆæÿ-íÜ…çßý Æ>Äæý$-Ë$ ™èþ$âæý$Ðèþ Ðèþ…Ôèý ({Mîü.-Ôèý.1505&{Mîü-.Ôèý.1570) Ýë¦ç³-Mæü$Ë$&ÒÆæÿ ¯èþÆæÿ-íÜ…à-Æ>-Äæý$-Ë$ AÆæÿ-Òsìý Ðèþ…Ôèý ({Mîü.-Ôèý.1570&{Mîü-.Ôèý.17Ðèþ Ôèý™éºª Ðèþ$«§æþÅ-M>-Ë…) Ýë¦ç³-Mæü$-Ë$&†Ææÿ$-Ðèþ$Ë Æ>Äæý$-Ë$ ÑfÄæý$-¯èþ-Væü-Æ>°² çÜ…§æþ-ÇØ…_¯èþ Ñ§óþÖ Äæý*{†-Mæü$Ë$ °Mø-ÌZ-M>…sì (Ððþ-°-‹Ü-)ý, Aº$ªÌŒý ÆæÿgêMŠü (ç³ÇÛ-Äæý*) yøÑ$…Vø-õ³‹Ü (´ù-Ææÿ$a-Væü-ÌŒý-), ¯èþ*Å°gŒý (´ù-Ææÿ$a-Væü-ÌŒý-) »êÆø¾Ýë (´ù-Ææÿ$a-Væü-ÌŒý-), °Mìü-sìý¯Œþ (Ææÿ-ÚëÅ-), Cº¯Œþ ºr*sê (Ððþ$$-Æ>-Mø-)

��

�

��

�

��

�

��

dæ]>∑eT\T

www.prajasakti.com

732

ôdHÓ‡ø˘‡

34,733 ì|”º

238

10,472 s¡÷bÕsTT

57ô|’ˆˆ

nyÓT]ø± &Ü\s¡T≈£î s¡÷.

73.56

ˆ &Ü≥‡Hé qT+∫ ø=‘·Ô >√|òü¢dt

$»j·Tyê&É X¯ìyês¡+ 13 nø√ºãsY 2018

◊<˚ﬁ¯¢˝À s¡÷.2y˚\ ø√≥¢ ≥s√ïesY \ø£å´+

&Ü≥‡Hé Ç+&çj·÷ X¯óÁø£yês¡+ e÷¬sÿ{À¢øÏ ø=‘·Ô >√, >√ |òü¢dt yÓ÷&Éﬁ¯¢qT ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é˝À Ä$wüÿ]+∫+~. 28 q÷‘·q |ò”#·s¡T¢, 100≈£î ô|’>± n|tÁπ>&é‡‘√ Bìï n+<äTu≤≥T˝ÀøÏ ‘Ó#êÃeTì ìkÕ‡Hé Ç+&çj·÷ ø£düºeTsY ø±«*{°, HÓ{ŸesYÿ yÓ’dt Áô|dæ&Ó+{Ÿ n‘·T˝Ÿ wüVü‰H˚ ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑ <Ûäs¡ s¡÷.3.29 \ø£å\T>± ñqï≥Te+{Ï Ç$ ©≥sY≈£î 19.83 øÏ˝ÀMT≥s¡¢ yÓTÆ˝ÒJ ÇkÕÔj·THêïs¡T.

��

m|æ˝À yÓT>± |òü⁄&é bÕsYÿ @sêŒ≥T �� lìyêdü bòÕsYà‡ m+&ç yÓ\¢&ç

Á|üC≤X¯øÏÔ ` _õHÓdt ã÷´s√ e#˚Ã ◊<äT dü+e‘·‡sê˝À¢ s¡÷.2000 ø√≥¢ ≥s√ïesYqT #˚s¡Tø√yê\ì \ø£å´+>± ô|≥Tº≈£îHêï eTì lìyêdü bòÕsYà‡ y˚TH˚õ+>¥ &Ó’¬sø£ºsY, ◊Çdæ yÓ’dt #ÛÓ’s¡àHé düTπsXŸ ∫≥÷º] ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. nø√ºãsY 12q Á|ü|ü+#· ø√&ç>∑T&ÉT¶ ~H√‘·‡e+ dü+<äs¡“ +>± X¯óÁø£yês¡+ ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é˝À Äj·Tq MT&çj·÷‘√ e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·÷ e#˚Ã Ä]Δø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡+˝À s¡÷.1,000 ø√≥¢ ≥s√ïesY n+#·Hê y˚düTÔHêïeTHêïs¡T. >∑‘˚&Ü~ s¡÷.750 ø√≥¢ ¬syÓq÷´qT #˚sêeTì ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. n<˚ $<Ûä+>± Ç|üŒ{ÏøÏ|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ø±<äT ø£ì, e#˚Ã ◊<˚ﬁ¯¢˝À kÕºø˘ e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ˝À *dæº+>¥ ø±yê\H˚ ñ<˚›X¯´+ ≈£L&Ü ñ+<äHêïs¡T. á eT<Ûä´ ø±\+˝ÀH˚ ‘·eT dü+düú˝À Ç+≥πsïwüq˝Ÿ ô|ò’HêHé‡ ø±s=ŒπswüHé (◊m|òtmdt) s¡÷.150 ø√≥¢ ô|≥Tºã&ÉT\T ô|≥º&ÜìøÏ eTT+<äT≈£î e∫Ã+<äHêïs¡T. BìøÏ dü+ã+~Û+∫ á HÓ\ ∫es¡˝À ˇ|üŒ+<ä+ »]π> neø±X¯+ ñ+<äHêïs¡T. B+‘√ ◊m|òtdæ 18 XÊ‘·+ yê{≤ bı+<äqT+<äì ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. á ì<ÛäT\‘√ Ä+Á<ÛäÁ|ü<˚XŸ˝À yÓT>± |òü⁄&é bÕsYÿqT @sêŒ≥T #˚j·TqTHêïeTì ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. Ç|üŒ{Ï es¡≈£î ‘êeTT @&ÉT sêÁcÕº˝À¢ bÂÁ©º ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\qT $Áø£sTTdüTÔHêïeTHêïs¡T. e#˚Ã@&Ü~ ∫e] Hê{ÏøÏ eTs√ ◊<äT sêÁcÕº˝≈£î $düÔ]+#ê\ì ìπs›•+#·T≈£îHêïeTHêïs¡T.

eT∞¢ ~>∑TeT‹ düT+ø±\T ô|+|ü⁄ �

ªeTVü‰ u§˝Òs√µqT Ä$wüÿ]düTÔqï eTV”≤+Á<ë Á|ü‹ì<ÛäT\T eTùV≤wt ≈£î\ø£]í, eTH√CŸ ≈£îe÷sY

eTV”≤+Á<ë qT+∫ eTVü‰ u§˝…s√

Á|üC≤X¯øÏÔ ` _õHÓdt ã÷´s√ Á|üeTTK Ä{ÀyÓTTu…’˝Ÿ ø£+ô|˙ eTV”≤+Á<ë n+&é eTV”≤+Á<ë (m+n+&ém+) e÷¬sÿ{À¢øÏ |æø£|t ÁX‚DÏ˝À ø=‘·Ô ªeTVü‰u§˝Òs√µqT $&ÉT<ä\ #˚dæ+~. X¯óÁø£yês¡+ Bìï ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é˝À Ä ø£+ô|˙ Ä{ÀyÓ÷{Ïyé &ç$»Hé ø£eT]¸j·T˝Ÿ yÓVæ≤ø£˝Ÿ yÓ’dt Áô|dæ&Ó+{Ÿ eTùV≤wt ≈£î\ø£]í Ä$wüÿ]+#ês¡T. á dü+<äs¡“+>± Äj·Tq e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·÷ <˚X¯+˝ÀH˚ Ç~ 1700 øÏ˝À\ ù|˝À&é kÕeTs¡ú´+ ø£*–q yÓTT≥ºyÓTT<ä{Ï yêVü≤qeTì ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. Bìï mø˘‡Á{≤ ˝≤+>¥ ø±s√Z &Óø˘ 9 n&ÉT>∑T\‘√ n+<äTu≤≥T˝ÀøÏ ‘Ó#êÃeTHêïs¡T. Ç+<äT˝À 1300, 1500, 1700 øÏ˝À\ kÕeTs¡ú´+˝À \_ÛkÕÔj·THêïs¡T. M{Ï ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑ <Ûäs¡ s¡÷.6.68 \ø£å\T>± ìs¡ísTT+#êeTHêïs¡T. |æø£|t $uÛ≤>∑+˝À ‘êeTT >∑‘· 20 @ﬁ¯ó¢>± e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ ©&ÉsY>± ñHêïeTHêïs¡T. á $uÛ≤>∑+˝À 62 XÊ‘·+ e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ yê{≤ ø£*– ñHêïeTHêïs¡T. >∑‘˚&Ü~ 17 XÊ‘·+ eè~Δ‘√ 1.49 \ø£å\ j·T÷ì≥T¢ $Áø£sTT+#êeTHêïs¡T. á ø±s¡´Áø£eT+˝À m+n+&ém+ CÀq˝Ÿ ôV≤&é eTH√CŸ ≈£îe÷sY >∑TbÕÔ bÕ˝§ZHêïs¡T.

ôdHÓ‡ø˘‡ 732 bÕsTT+≥¢ ˝≤uÛÑ+

eTT+ãsTT : yêsê+‘·+ s√E e÷¬sÿ≥T¢ uÛ≤Ø ˝≤uÛ≤\T qyÓ÷<äT #˚XÊsTT. nyÓT]ø± &Ü\sY‘√ s¡÷bÕsTT e÷s¡ø£+ $\Te ô|s¡>∑&É+‘√ bÕ≥T Ädæj·THé e÷¬sÿ≥T¢ |ü⁄+Eø√e&É+‘√ uÛ≤s¡‘· e÷¬sÿ≥¢≈£î eT<ä›‘·T \_Û+∫+~. á |ü]D≤e÷\ eT<Ûä´ Ä{À, u≤´+øÏ+>¥ dü÷N\ eT<ä›‘·T‘√ X¯óÁø£yês¡+ _mdtÇ ôdHÓ‡ ø˘‡ 732 bÕsTT+≥T¢ ˝Ò<ë 2.15 XÊ‘·+ sêDÏ+∫ 34,734≈£î #˚]+~. mHémdtÇ ì|ò”º dü÷N 238 bÕsTT+≥T¢ ˝Ò<ë 2.32 XÊ‘·+ ˝≤uÛÑ|ü&ç 10,472 e<ä<ä eTT–dæ+~. s¡+>±\ yê]>± ì|ò”º˝À Ä{À dü÷N 3.95 XÊ‘·+, ˝ÀVü≤ 3.98 XÊ‘·+, ]j·÷©º 3.40 XÊ‘·+, u≤´+øÏ+>¥ 2.47 XÊ‘·+, m|òtm+dæõ 2.84 XÊ‘·+ #=|ü⁄Œq ô|]– e÷¬sÿ≥¢≈£î eT<ä›‘·T>± ì*#êsTT. ôdHÓ‡ø˘‡`30˝À {Ïdæmdt $TqVü‰ nìï dü÷N\T ˝≤uÛÑ|ü&Ü¶sTT. e÷s¡T‹ düTEøÏ 6.18 XÊ‘·+, m+n+&ém+ 5.27 XÊ‘·+, ø={≤ø˘ u≤´+≈£î 4.62 XÊ‘·+, ø√˝Ÿ Ç+&çj·÷ 4.39 XÊ‘·+ #=|ü⁄Œq n~Ûø£+>± ˝≤uÛÑ|ü&çq yê{Ï˝À eTT+<äT es¡Tdü˝À ñHêïsTT. ø±>± {Ïdæmdt 3.07 XÊ‘·+ qwüºb˛sTT+~.

�

40 ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\ô|’ neT\T dæm&ç ‘·–Z+|ü⁄q≈£î πø+Á<ä+ #·s¡´\T

q÷´&Ûç©¢ : <˚X¯ ø£¬s+{Ÿ møö+{Ÿ ˝À≥T (dæm&ç) uÛ≤Ø>± ô|]–b˛‘·Tqï H˚|ü<∏ä´+˝À |ü~ùV≤qT s√E\ e´e~Û˝ÀH˚ πø+Á<ä Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ ¬ s+&√ kÕ] ~>∑TeT‹ düT+ø±\T ô|+∫+~. ‘êC≤>± eTs√ 40 ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\ô|’ düT+ø±\T ô|+#·T‘·÷ ìs¡íj·T+ rdüT≈£î+~. ø=ìï ø£eT÷´ìπøwüHé edüTÔe⁄\ô|’ 20XÊ‘·+ es¡≈£î düT+ø±ìï ô|+∫+~. nø√ºãs¡T 12 qT+∫ á ô|+|ü⁄ neT˝À¢øÏ e∫Ãq≥T¢ ôd+Á≥˝Ÿ uÀsY¶ Ä|òt m¬ø’‡CŸ n+&é ø£düºyéT‡ z H√{Ï|òæπøwüHé˝À ‘Ó*|æ+~. >∑‘· HÓ\˝ÀH˚ 19 s¡ø±\ m\Áø±ºìø˘ ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\ô|’ ~>∑TeT‹ düT+ø±\T ô|+#ês¡T. nyÓT]ø± &Ü\sY‘√ s¡÷bÕsTT e÷s¡ø£+ $\Te uÛ≤Ø>± |ü&çb˛e&É+, ôV≤#·TÃ #·eTTs¡T <Ûäs¡\ H˚|ü<∏ä´+˝À uÛ≤s¡‘· dæm&ç Ä+<√ﬁ¯ø£s¡ kÕúsTTøÏ #˚]+~. á Áø£eT+˝ÀH˚ ~>∑TeT‹ düT+ø±\ ô|+|ü⁄qT #˚|ü{Ïº+~. ‘êC≤>± ø£eT÷´ìπøwüHé s¡+>∑+˝À ñ|üjÓ÷–+#˚ uÒdt ùdºwüqT¢, Ä|æºø£˝Ÿ Á{≤Hé‡b˛sYº |ü]ø£sê\T &çõ≥˝Ÿ \÷|t ø±´]j·TsY dædüºyéT‡ n+&é eT©ºô|¢ø£‡sY‡, yêsTTdt Á|ò”¬ø«˙‡ f…*Á>±|ò”ô|’ Á|üdüTÔ‘·eTTqï 10 XÊ‘·+ düT+ø±ìï 20XÊ‘êìøÏ ô|+#ês¡T. Çø£ Ç|üŒ{Ïes¡≈£î m˝≤+{Ï düT+ø£+ ˝Òì f…*ø±+ ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\T, |ü]ø£sê\ô|’ 10XÊ‘·+ ~>∑TeT‹ düT+ø£+ $~Ûdü÷Ô ìs¡íj·T+ rdüT≈£îHêïs¡T. á ìs¡íj·T+‘√ kÕàsYºyêN\ <Ûäs¡\T ≈£L&Ü ô|s¡>∑qTHêïsTT. msTTsY

Ç$ eT]+‘· Á|æj·T+.. ø£+&ûwüqs¡T¢, ]Á|òæõπs≥s¡T¢, yêwæ+>¥ $Twüq¢ô|’ ~>∑TeT‹ düT+ø±ìï 10 XÊ‘·+ qT+∫ 20 XÊ‘êìøÏ ô|+∫+~. nuÛÑs¡D≤\ ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\ô|’ ≈£L&Ü ~>∑TeT‹ düT+ø±ìï 5 XÊ‘·+ ô|+∫+~. bÕ¢dæºø˘‘√ s¡÷bı+<˚ u≤‘Y, wüesY u≤‘Y, dæ+ø˘, yêwæ+>¥ uÒdæHé\ô|’ ≈£L&Ü ~>∑TeT‹ düT+ø±\qT 10 XÊ‘·+ qT+∫ 15 XÊ‘êìøÏ ô|+∫+~. Á≥+≈£î\T, dü÷{ŸπødüT\T, m–®≈£L´{Ïyé πødüT\T, Á;|òtπødüT\T, Á{≤yÓ˝Ÿ u≤´>∑T\ô|’ ≈£L&Ü ~>∑TeT‹ düT+ø£+ 10 XÊ‘·+ qT+∫ 15 XÊ‘êìøÏ ô|+#ês¡T. bÕ¢dæºø˘ ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ˝…’q u≤≈£î‡\T, πø£+f…Æqs¡T¢, u≤{Ïﬁ¯¢ &É÷´{° 10 XÊ‘·+ qT+∫ 15 XÊ‘·+ ô|+∫+~, Ç<˚ kÕúsTT˝À fÒãT˝Ÿy˚sY, øÏ#ÓHéy˚sY, Ç‘·s¡

>∑èVü≤√ |üø£s¡ bÕ¢dæºø˘ edüTÔe⁄ \ô|’ ≈£L&Ü ô|+∫+~. Ä|ò”düT ùdºwüqØ, |òüØï#·sY |òæ{Ïº+>¥, &Óø√ πs{Ïyé w”≥T¢, u≤´+–˝Ÿ‡ e+{Ï yê{Ïô|’ ≈£L&Ü düT+ø±\T ô|] >±sTT.

_>¥ªdæµ <ädüsêe[ Ä|òüsY \ø°ÿ Á&Ü Á|üC≤X¯øÏÔ ` ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é <ädüsê, BbÕe[ |ü+&ÉT>∑\ dü+<äs¡“+>± _>¥dæ Á|üø£{Ï+∫q &ÉãT˝Ÿ <Ûäe÷ø± Ä|òüsY ‘=* yês¡+ \ø°ÿ Á&Ü rXÊeTì Ä dü+düú dæm+&ç u≤\T #Í<äØ ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. yÓTT‘·Ô+ Äs¡T yêsê\ bÕ≥T rj·Tã&˚ \ø°ÿ Á&Ü˝À 42 #=|ü⁄Œq VüQ´+<ëjYT Çj·÷Hé ø±s¡T¢,

yÓTTu…’˝Ÿ bò˛qT¢ msTTsY ø£+&ûwüqs¡T¢ ]Á|òæõπs≥s¡T¢ yêwæ+>¥ $TwüqT¢ nuÛÑs¡D≤\T XÊì≥Ø y˚sY |ü\T bÕ¢dæºø˘ ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\T. uÒdt ùdºwüqT¢ Ä|æºø£˝Ÿ Á{≤Hé‡b˛sYº ÇøÏ«|tyÓT+{Ÿ ◊dæ πs&çjÓ÷\T Á|æ+f…&é düs¡÷ÿ´{Ÿ uÀs¡T¶\T

ãC≤CŸ bÕ¢{ÏHé u…’≈£î\T, ]Á|òæõπs≥s¡T¢, yêwæ+>¥ $TwüqT¢, ˝≤´|t{≤|t\T, m˝ŸÇ&ç {°$\qT $CÒ‘ê\≈£î ãVüQeT‘·T\T>± Çe«qTqï≥T¢ ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. á Ä|òüsY qe+ãsY 11 es¡≈£î ø=qkÕ>∑T‘·T+<äHêïs¡T. ‘=* \ø°ÿ Á&Ü˝À ø±s¡T¢ ¬>\T#·T≈£îqï 7 eT+~ $CÒ‘·\ ù|s¡¢qT yÓ\¢&ç+#ês¡T. _>¥dæ nqyêsTTr˝À uÛ≤>∑+>± á Ä|òüs¡T¢ Á|üø£{Ï+#êeTHêïs¡T. |ü\T yÓTTu…’˝Ÿ bò˛q¢ô|’ Á|ü‘˚´ø£ &çkÂÿ+≥T¢ n+~düTÔHêïeTHêïs¡T.

_mdtmHém˝Ÿ ª<ädüsêµ Ä|òüs¡T¢

Á|üC≤X¯øÏÔ ` _õHÓdt ã÷´s√ Á|üuÛÑT‘·« s¡+>∑ f…*ø£+ _mdtmHém˝Ÿ <ädüsê dü+<äs¡“+>± ‘·eT Á|”ô|sTT&é $ìjÓ÷>∑<ës¡T\≈£î n<äq|ü⁄ {≤ø˘f…Æ+ Ä|òüs¡¢qT Á|üø£{Ï+∫+~. s¡÷.250 {≤|t Ä|tô|’ s¡÷.275 {≤ø˘f…Æ+ n+~düTÔqï≥T¢ Ä dü+düú ˇø£ Á|üø£≥q˝À ù|s=ÿ+~. á Ä|òüsY nø√ºãsY 19 es¡≈£î n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ñ+≥T+~. s¡÷.300 {≤|tÄ|tô|’ s¡÷.330 $\Te n+~ düTÔ+~. Ç~ ≈£L&Ü nø√ºãsY 13 qT+∫ n+<äT u≤≥T˝À ñ+≥T+<äì, 90 s√E\ >∑&ÉTe⁄‘√ \_ÛdüTÔ+~. s¡÷.600 {≤|tÄ|tô|’ s¡÷.650 {≤ø˘f…Æ+qT Ä|òüsY #˚düTÔ+~. á Ä|òüsYqT nø√º ãsY 16 qT+∫ 20e ‘˚~˝À|ü⁄ bı+<äe#·TÃ.

yêø±sYº≈£î ø={≤ø˘ eTV”≤+Á<ë u≤´+≈£î kÕj·T+

Á|üC≤X¯øÏÔ ` _õHÓdt ã÷´s√ ø={≤ø˘ eTV”≤+Á<ë u≤´+≈£î ‘·q ø±s=Œπs{Ÿ kÕe÷õø£ u≤<Ûä´‘· (dæmdtÄsY)˝À uÛ≤>∑+>± yêø±sY¶ bòÂ+&˚wüHé‘√ uÛ≤>∑kÕeT´eTsTT´+~. yêø±sY¶ ù|<ä\≈£î ñ∫‘·+>± n+~+#˚ ÁbÕ<∏ä$Tø£ yÓ’<ä´ ùde\≈£î >±qT ø={≤ø˘ Äs¡T yÓTTu…’˝Ÿ yÓT&çø£˝Ÿ yêVü≤Hê\T n+~+∫+~. X¯ó Áø£yês¡+ ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é˝À M{Ïì ø={≤ø˘ eTV”≤+Á<ë u≤´+≈£î C≤sTT+{Ÿ y˚TH˚õ+>¥ &Ó’¬sø£ºsY B|üø˘ >∑TbÕÔ ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#ês¡T. á dü+<äs¡“+>± yêø±sY¶ bòÂ+&˚wüHé dæÇˇ &Üø£ºsY VüQC≤sTTbòÕ UÀs¡øÏyê˝≤ e÷{≤¢&ÉT‘·÷ <˚X¯ yê´|üÔ+>± 20 sêÁcÕº˝À¢ ‘·eT≈£î 155 yÓTTu…’˝Ÿ yÓT&çø£˝Ÿ yêVü≤Hê\THêïj·Tì ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. Ç$ m+|æø£ #˚dæq ÁbÕ+‘ê˝À¢ Á|ür yês¡+˝À ˇø£ÿ s√E yÓ’<ä´ ùde\+~kÕÔj·THêïs¡T. Ç+<äT˝À m+__mdt &Üø£ºsYqT n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ñ+#·T‘êeTHêïs¡T. ‘·eT≈£î 72 eT+~ düVü‰j·T uÛ≤>∑kÕ«eT\THêïs¡Hêïs¡T. Ç|üŒ{Ï es¡≈£î 4y˚\ Á>±e÷\qT ø£esY #˚düTÔHêïeTHêïs¡T.

B|æø£

Á>∑÷|t‡, Ç‘·s¡ b˛{° |üØø£å\ Á|ü‘˚´ø£+

yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\T ` yê{Ï $<ÛäT\T

{Ï.m+.<ëdt

m|æ yÓ÷&É˝Ÿ dü÷ÿ˝Ÿ & pìj·TsY ø£ﬁ≤XÊ\

eTVü‰q+~, 9000250127

u≤´+øÏ+>¥ nH˚~ ˇø£ yê´bÕs¡+. u≤´+≈£î nH˚

|ü<ëìøÏ ns¡ú+ Á<äyê´ìï e÷s¡ø£+ #˚j·T&É+. u≤´+ø˘ nH˚ |ü<ëìøÏ Ä<Ûës¡+ u≤+ø√ (Banco), u≤+ø°« (Banque ) nH˚ |ü<ë\T. á |ü<ë\≈£î ns¡ú+ ã\¢ (Bench). �� Ä#ês¡´ Áøö<ÛäsY Á|üø±s¡+ Ç|üŒ{Ï u≤´+øÏ+>¥ e´edüú Ä$sê“¤yêìøÏ ø±s¡≈£î\T eTT>∑TZs¡T. 1. es¡Ôø£ yê´bÕ] 2. e&û¶ yê´bÕ] 3. dü«s¡íø±s¡T&ÉT �� n˝…>±®+&ÉsY n+&é ø√ nH˚ Ç+^¢wüß @C…˙‡ Vü≤Ödt1770 dü+e‘·‡s¡+˝À ø£\ø£‘êÔ˝À u≤´+ø˘ Ä|òt Væ≤+<ä÷kÕúHé nH˚ u≤´+≈£îqT @sêŒ≥T #˚dæ+~. Ç~ 1782 es¡≈£L ø=qkÕ–+~. �� Ä ‘·sê«‘· 1806˝À @»˙‡ Vü≤Ödt\‘√ dü+ã+<Ûä+ ˝Ò≈£î+&Ü kÕú|æ+∫q yÓTT≥ºyÓTT<ä{Ï Áô|dæ&Ó˙‡ u≤´+≈£î ªu≤´+ø˘ Ä|òt u…+>±˝Ÿµ. Bì‘√ Á|üdüTÔ‘· uÛ≤s¡rj·T u≤´+øÏ+>¥ e´edüú≈£î |ü⁄Hê~|ü&ç+~. �� Ä ‘·sê«‘· 1840˝À u≤+ø˘ Ä|òt u§+u≤sTT, 1843˝À u≤+ø˘ Ä|òt eTÁ<ëdt nH˚ eTs√ ¬s+&ÉT Áô|dæ&Ó˙‡ u≤´+≈£î\T @s¡Œ&Ü¶sTT. M{ÏøÏ ‘·eT Á|ü<˚XÊ\≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫ ø£¬s˙‡ H√≥¢qT C≤Ø #˚ùd Vü≤≈£îÿ ñ+~. ø±˙ 1862˝À M{ÏøÏ ø£¬s˙‡ H√≥T¢ C≤Ø#˚ùd Vü≤≈£îÿqT ‘=\–+#ês¡T. �� 1921˝À á eT÷&ÉT Áô|dæ&Ó˙‡ u≤´+≈£î\qT @ø£+#˚dæ Ç+|”]j·T˝Ÿ u≤´+ø˘ Ä|òt Ç+&çj·÷qT kÕú|æ+#ês¡T. 1955 E˝…’ 1q Ç+|”]j·T˝Ÿ u≤´+≈£îqT ùdº{Ÿu≤´+ø˘ Ä|òt Ç+&çj·÷>± e÷sêÃs¡T. �� uÛ≤s¡rj·T j·÷»e÷q´+˝À @sêŒ≥T #˚dæq yÓTT≥ºyÓTT<ä{Ï yêDÏ»´ u≤´+ø˘ W<Ûä ø£eT]¸j·T˝Ÿ u≤´+ø˘ (1889), Ä ‘·sê«‘· 1894˝À |ü+C≤uŸ H˚wüq˝Ÿ u≤´+ø˘, 1901˝À |”|ü⁄˝Ÿ‡ u≤´+ø˘ nH˚$ @s¡Œ&Ü¶sTT. �� 1969 E˝…’ 19q 14 yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\qT, 1980˝À eTs√ Äs¡T yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\qT C≤rj·T+ #˚XÊs¡T.

u≤´+≈£î\ ìs¡«#·q+ &Üø£ºsY ôV≤s¡“sY¶ m˝Ÿ.Vü‰sYº Á|üø±s¡+ ªkÕ<Ûës¡D yê´bÕs¡ düs¡[˝À, e´≈£îÔ\T »eTø£fÒº kıeTTàqT yê]ù|s¡ ø£¬s+{Ÿ U≤‘ê˝À »eTø£&ÉT‘·÷, Äj·÷ e´≈£îÔ\ MT<ä C≤Ø #˚dæq #Ó≈£îÿ\qT Ä<ä]dü÷Ô #Ó*¢+#˚ yê{ÏH˚ u≤´+ø£sY nqe#·TÃ. �� uÛ≤s¡‘· u≤´+øÏ+>¥ ¬s>∑T´˝ÒwüHé #·≥º+ 1949 ôdø£åHé`5 Á|üø±s¡+ ªø√]q yÓ+≥H˚>±˙, Ç+ø√ düeTj·T+˝À>±˙ ‹]– #Ó*¢+#˚ wüs¡‘·T\MT<ä &çbÕõ≥¢qT d”«ø£]+∫, Ä kıeTTàqT s¡TD≤\T Çe«&Üìø°, ô|≥Tºã&çø°, ñ|üjÓ÷–+#·&É+ u≤´+≈£î

yê´bÕs¡+. nq>± u≤´+≈£î\T Á|ü<Ûëq+>± &çbÕõ≥¢qT d”«ø£]dü÷Ô, s¡TD≤\qT ø£*Œ+#˚ dü+düú\T. �� b˛kÕº|ò”dt ùd$+>¥‡ u≤´+ø˘ ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\qT, j·TT{Ï◊, m˝Ÿ◊dæ, ◊&ç_◊ e+{Ï dü+düú\ ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\qT u≤´+øÏ+>¥ ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\T>± ø±˙, Ä dü+düú\qT u≤´+≈£î\T>± ø±˙ >∑T]Ô+#·&É+ »s¡>∑<äT. Ç$ πøe\+ &çbÕõ≥¢qT d”«ø£]+∫Hê s¡TD≤\T e÷Á‘·y˚T eT+ps¡T #˚dæHê, M{Ïì u≤´+πø‘·s¡ Ä]úø£ dü+düú\T (HêHé u≤´+øÏ+>¥ ô|ò’Hêì¸j·T˝Ÿ Çìdæº≥÷´wüHé) nì n+{≤s¡T. �� (øö<ÛäsY Á|üø±s¡+ ` Ç‘·s¡T\ qT+∫ s¡TD≤\T rdüT≈£îì, ‘·eT e<ä›>∑\ Á<äyê´ìï Ç‘·s¡T\≈£î Çe«&É+ <ë«sê Á<äyê´ìï düèwæº+#·&Éy˚T u≤´+≈£î\ yê´bÕs¡+. u≤´+≈£î˝À¢ s¡ø±\T : yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\T düVü≤ø±s¡ u≤´+≈£î\T Á|ü‘˚´ø£ u≤´+≈£î\T πø+Á<ä u≤´+≈£î\T yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\T : 1949 u≤´+øÏ+>¥ ìj·T+Á‘·D≤ #·{≤ºìï nqTdü]+∫ M{Ï ìs¡«Vü≤D ñ+≥T+~. Á|ü<Ûëq+>± Ç$ <˚X¯ Ä]úø£ eédüú˝À Á<äe´ e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ˝Àì Ä]úø£ dü+düú\T, Á<äe´ e÷¬sÿ{À¢ M{ÏøÏ Á|üeTTK kÕúq+ ñ+≥T+~. <˚X¯ u≤´+øÏ+>¥ s¡+>∑+˝À Ç$ Á|ü<Ûëq bÕÁ‘· ìs¡«Væ≤kÕÔsTT. düVü≤ø±s¡ u≤´+≈£î\T : düuÛÑT´\, dü«\Œø±*ø£, eT<Ûä´ø±*ø£ $‘·Ô nedüsê\qT rπsÃ ì$T‘·Ô+ düVü≤ø±s¡ dü÷Á‘·+ Ä<Ûës¡+>±, ùdyê <äèø£Œ<∏ä+‘√ ìs¡«Væ≤+#·ã&˚ u≤´+≈£î\qT düVü≤ø±s¡ u≤´+≈£î\T n+{≤s¡T. Ç$ düVü≤ø±s¡ dü+düú\ #·≥º+ <ë«sê ìj·T+Á‘·D »s¡T>∑T‘·T+~. düVü≤ø±s¡ u≤´+≈£î\T ¬s+&ÉT s¡ø±\T. 1. düVü≤ø±s¡ |üs¡|ü‹ dü+düú\T ` (Ç$ eékÕj·T<ës¡T\ dü«\Œø±*ø£ s¡TD nedüsê\qT rπsÃ$) 2. uÛÑ÷$T n_Ûeè~Δ u≤´+≈£î\T ` (Ç$ eékÕj·T<ës¡T\ eT<Ûä´, Bs¡Èø±*ø£ s¡TD nedüsê\qT rπsÃ$). �� uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À düVü≤ø±s¡ |üs¡|ü‹ dü+düú\T eT÷&ÉT kÕúsTT˝À¢ @s¡Œ&ç |æs¡$T&é Äø±sêìï b˛* ñ+{≤sTT. nq>±... 1. Á>±eTkÕúsTT˝À ÁbÕ<∏ä$Tø£ eékÕj·T |üs¡|ü‹ dü+düú\T. 2. õ˝≤¢ kÕúsTT˝À πø+Á<ä düVü≤ø±s¡ u≤´+≈£î\T 3. sêh kÕúsTT˝À sêh düVü≤ø±s¡ u≤´+≈£î\T �� uÛÑ÷$T n_Ûeè~Δ u≤´+≈£î\T õ˝≤¢ kÕúsTT\˝ÀqT, sêh kÕúsTT˝Àq÷ ñ+{≤sTT. Á|ü‘˚´ø£ u≤´+≈£î\T (ôdŒwü˝Ÿ u≤´+ø˘‡) : ø=ìï Á|ü‘˚´ø£ nedüsê\ ø√dü+ (yê´bÕs¡, eékÕj·T, Á|üuÛÑT‘·« kÕ<Ûës¡D |üs¡|ü‹ nedüsê\T e÷Á‘·y˚T ø±≈£î+&Ü) Á|üuÛÑT‘·« Á|üsTTy˚≥T s¡+>∑+˝À @s¡Œ&É¶ dü+düú\T. eTTK´+>±... 1. $ìeTj·T u≤´+≈£î\T (Exchange Banks) $<˚o e÷s¡ø£ u≤´+≈£î\T : $<˚XÊ\˝À kÕú|üq »]–, $<˚XÊ˝Ò

3. #Ó*¢+∫q yê{≤ eT÷\<Ûäq+, ì<ÛäT\T ø£*|æ ◊<äT \ø£å\ s¡÷bÕj·T\ ìø£s¡ $\Te ñ+&Ü*. 4. ÄsY_◊ Ä<˚XÊ\qT bÕ{Ïdü÷Ô &çbÕõ≥s¡¢ πøåe÷ìøÏ uÛÑ+>∑+ ø£*Œ+#·sê<äT.

ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ u≤´+≈£î u≤<Ûä´‘·\T

πø+Á<ä+>± ñ+&ç, eTq <˚X¯+˝À yê´bÕs¡ dü+düú\T>±˙, Áu≤+N\T>±˙ ñqï u≤´+≈£î\T. M{Ï Á|ü<Ûëq <Û˚´j·T+ $<˚o yê´bÕsêìï Áb˛‘·‡Væ≤+#·&É+, m>∑TeT‹ ~>∑TeT‹ yê´bÕsê\≈£î nedüs¡eTj˚T´ düVü‰j·÷ìï n+~+#·&É+. 2. bÕ]ÁXÊ$Tø£ n_Ûeè~Δ u≤´+≈£î\T : Á|ü<Ûëq+>± yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\T bÕ]ÁXÊ$Tø£ dü+düú\ dü«\Œø±*ø£ $‘·Ô nedüsê\qT rs¡Ã>∑\e⁄. ø±˙ Bs¡Èø±*ø£, eT<Ûä´ø±*ø£ s¡TD≤\qT eT+ps¡T #˚ùd $‘·Ô dü+düú\qT bÕ]ÁXÊ$Tø£ (˝Ò<ë) ô|≥Tºã&ç u≤´+≈£î\T n+{≤s¡T. M{Ï eTTK´<Û˚´j·T+ bÕ]ÁXÊ$Tø±_Ûeè~ΔøÏ ø°\ø£yÓTÆq eT÷\<ÛäHêìï düMTø£]+#·&É+. ñ<ë : IFCI, SFC, IDBI, SIBI, NABARD. 3. u≤´+πø‘·s¡ Ä]úø£ dü+düú\T : <˚X¯ Ä]úø£ e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ˝À Á|ü<Ûëq+>± ¬s+&ÉT $uÛ≤>±\T+{≤sTT. 1. Á<äe´e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ 2. ô|≥Tºã&ç e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ á ¬s+&ç+{Ï˝À u≤´+≈£î, u≤´+πø‘·s¡ $‘·Ô dü+düú\T+{≤sTT. ñ<ë : kÕºø˘ mπøÃ‡+CŸ dü+düú\T, bı<äT|ü⁄ dü+düú\T, ;e÷ dü+düú\T. 4. πø+Á<ä u≤´+≈£î : Ç~ Á<äe´, eT÷\<Ûäq e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ˝˝À eTTK´bÕÁ‘· b˛wædüTÔ+~. Ç~ Ä]úø£ e´edüú˝À n‘·T´qï‘·kÕúsTT dü+düú (Apex)

yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\T �� M{Ïì

C≤sTT+{Ÿ kÕºø˘ u≤´+≈£î\ì ≈£L&Ü n+{≤s¡T. yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\T ¬s+&ÉT s¡ø±\T>± eØZø£]+#·e#·TÃ. n$.. 1. ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ u≤´+≈£î\T 2. ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ ø±ì u≤´+≈£î\T ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ u≤´+≈£î\T : ÄsY_◊ j·÷ø˘º ¬s+&√ ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ øÏ+<ä qyÓ÷<Ó’q u≤´+≈£î\T. ˇø£ u≤´+≈£î ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ u≤´+ø˘>± |ü]>∑DÏ+#ê\+fÒ... 1. uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À u≤´+øÏ+>¥ yê´bÕs¡+ ñ+&Ü*. 2. uÛ≤s¡‘· C≤sTT+{Ÿ kÕºø˘ ø£+ô|˙\ øÏ+<ä ]õwüº¬s’ ñ+&Ü*. ˝Ò<ë sêh düVü≤ø±s¡ u≤´+≈£î nsTT´ ñ+&Ü*. ˝Ò<ë Á|üuÛÑT‘·« Á|ü‘˚´ø£ #·≥º+ øÏ+<ä qyÓ÷<Ó’ ñ+&Ü*. ˝Ò<ë $<˚o u≤´+≈£î nsTT´ ñ+&Ü*.

1. ‘·|üŒìdü]>± ÄsY_◊˝À nøö+{Ÿ ‘Ós¡yê*. q>∑<äT ì\«\ ìwüŒ‹Ôì bÕ{Ï+#ê*. 2. ‘·eT ÄdæÔ n|ü⁄Œ\ |ü{Ïºø£qT m|ü⁄Œ{Ïø£|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ÄsY_◊øÏ, Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«ìøÏ düeT]Œ+#ê*. 3. s¡TD≤\T, Ç‘·s¡ ÄdüTú\≈£î dü+ã+~Û+∫ ÄsY_◊ Ä<˚XÊ\T bÕ{Ï+#ê*. ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ u≤´+ø˘ Vü≤≈£îÿ\T : Ç$ ÄsY_◊ yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\≈£î ø£*Œ+#˚ ùde\T. 1. øÏ¢j·T]+>¥ kÂø£sê´\T ø£*Œ+#·&É+. 2. #ÛêØ®\T ˝Ò≈£î+&Ü Á<äe´ ã~© 3. VüQ+&û\T, ôw≈£L´]{°\qT &çkÂÿ+{Ÿ #˚j·T&É+ eT]j·TT yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\≈£î Á<äe´ düVü‰j·T+ #˚j·T&É+. 4. nedüs¡yÓTÆq|ü⁄Œ&ÉT ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ u≤´+≈£î\qT Ä<äTø√e&É+. ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ ø±ì u≤´+≈£î\T (HêHé ôw&É÷´˝Ÿ¶ u≤´+ø˘‡) : ÄsY_◊ #·≥º+ ¬s+&√ ôw&É÷´\T øÏ+<ä qyÓ÷<äTø±ì u≤´+≈£î\T Ç$. Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ eTq<˚X¯+˝À Ç$ ˝Òe⁄. 1951 Hê{ÏøÏ Ç$ 474 ñ+&É>±, 1969 Hê{ÏøÏ 16øÏ |ü&çb˛j·÷sTT. Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ Ç$ ˝Òe⁄. 1969 ‘·sê«‘· qT+∫ yêDÏ»´ u≤´+≈£î\qT Á|üuÛÑT‘·«s¡+>∑ ˝Ò<ë C≤rj·T+ #˚j·Tã&çq u≤´+≈£î\T>±qT, Á|üsTTy˚≥Ts¡+>∑ u≤´+≈£î\T>±q÷ $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T. u≤´+øÏ+>¥ e´edüú nìï <˚XÊ\˝À ˇπø e÷~]>± ˝Ò<äT. $$<Ûä <˚XÊ˝À¢ $$<Ûä s¡ø±\T>± ñ+~. ñ<ëVü≤s¡D≈£î eTq+ >∑eTìùdÔ... Áu≤+∫ u≤´+øÏ+>¥ : Ç~ #ê˝≤ <˚XÊ\˝À neT\T˝À ñ+~. ˇπø πø+ÁBø£è‘·yÓTÆq Á|ü<Ûëq ø±sê´\j·T+ Ä<Ûës¡+>±, <˚X¯eT+‘·{≤

Vü≤√MT u≤u≤ ø±´q‡sY ÄdüT|üÁ‹˝À 168 b˛düTº\T yês¡D≤dæ˝Àì Vü≤√MT u≤u≤ ø±´q‡sY ÄdüT|üÁ‹˝À 168

HêHé-yÓT&çø£˝Ÿ b˛düTº\ uÛÑ ØÔøÏ {≤{≤ yÓTyÓ÷]j·T˝Ÿ ôd+≥sY <äs¡U≤düTÔ\T ø√s¡T‘√+~. U≤∞\ $esê\T: ôd’+{Ï|òæø˘ Ä|ò”düsY, yÓT&çø£˝Ÿ |òæõdædtº, Ç+»˙sY, ôd’+{Ï|òæø˘ ndæôdº+{Ÿ, f…ø°ïwæj·THé, qsY‡, ôd≈£L´]{° ndæôdº+{Ÿ, ≈£îø˘, nf…+&Ó+{Ÿ ‘·~‘·s¡ b˛düTº\T. ns¡Ω‘·: b˛düTºqT ã{Ïº |ü<√ ‘·s¡>∑‹, dü+ã+~Û‘· $uÛ≤>∑+˝À Ç+≥sY, u≤´∫\sY &çÁ^, |”J, &çbı¢e÷, JmHém+, |üì nqTuÛÑe+ ñ+&Ü*. ej·TdüT: b˛düTºqT ã{Ïº 20-50 @ﬁ¯¢ eT<Ûä´ ñ+&Ü*.

mH√ï Áu≤+∫ Ä|ò”düT\T $düÔ]+|üCÒdæq eédüú. á ‘·s¡Vü‰ eédüú Ç+>±¢+&é˝À ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆ+~. uÛ≤s¡rj·T u≤´+øÏ+>¥ eédüú ≈£L&Ü á ø√e≈£î #Ó+~+<˚. j·T÷ì{Ÿ u≤´+øÏ+>¥ : ˇπø u≤´+øÏ+>¥ Ä|ò”dt <ë«sê u≤´+øÏ+>¥ ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\T ìs¡«Væ≤kÕÔs¡T. Á|ü‹ u≤´+øÏ+>¥ ø£+ô|˙ ˇø£ Á|ü‘˚´ø£yÓTÆq ø£+ô|˙j˚T. Á|ü‹ u≤´+≈£î≈£L ‘·eT kı+‘· eT÷\<Ûäq+, &Ó’¬sø£ºs¡T¢, uÀs¡T¶ Á|ü‘˚´ø£+>± ñ+≥T+~. Ç~ nyÓT]ø±˝À ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆ+~. kÕeT÷Væ≤ø£ u≤´+øÏ+>¥ (Á>∑÷|t u≤´+øÏ+>¥) : Ç+<äT˝À ¬s+<äT n+‘·ø£Hêï m≈£îÿe u≤´+≈£î\qT ˇø£ ìs¡«Vü≤D ø£+ô|˙ (Holding) n~Ûø±s¡+ øÏ+<ä≈£î rdüT≈£î+{≤s¡T. Ç$ $&ç$&ç>± qyÓ÷<Ó’ ìs¡«Vü≤D ø£+ô|˙ ìj·T+Á‘·D≈£î ˝Àã&ç eéVü≤]kÕÔsTT. á |ü<äΔ‹ nyÓT]ø±˝À ø£ì|ædüTÔ+~. >=\TdüT u≤´+øÏ+>¥ (Chain Banking) : Vü≤√*¶+>¥ ø£+ô|˙ <ë«sê ø±ø£, Á|ü‘˚´ø£+>± qyÓ÷<Ó’q u≤´+≈£î\qT ˇπø n~Ûø±s¡+˝ÀøÏ rdüTø=∫Ãq u≤´+≈£î\T Ç$. M{Ï ìs¡«Vü≤D, ìj·T+Á‘·D ˇø£ e´øÏÔ e<ä›>±˙, e´≈£îÔ\ düeT÷Vü‰\≈£î >±˙ ñ+≥T+~. nq>± á u≤´+≈£î\qT ¬s+&ÉT eT÷&ÉT u≤´+øÏ+>¥ ø£+ô|˙\≈£î &Ó’¬sø£ºs¡T¢>± ñqïyês¡T ˇπø ìj·T+Á‘·D øÏ+<äøÏ rdüT≈£îsêe#·TÃ. Ç$≈£L&Ü nyÓT]ø±˝À ø£ì|ækÕÔsTT. nqTs¡÷|ü u≤´+øÏ+>¥ (ø£s¡kÕŒ+&Ó+{Ÿ u≤´+øÏ+>¥) : Bì Á|üø±s¡+ Á>±MTD ÁbÕ+‘ê˝À¢q÷, ∫qï ∫qï |ü≥ºD≤\˝Àq÷ ìs¡«Væ≤+#˚ ∫qï ‘·s¡Vü‰ u≤´+≈£î\ q>∑<äT ì\«\qT ô|<ä› |ü≥ºD≤˝À¢ì ô|<ä› ‘·s¡Vü‰ u≤´+≈£î\˝À ì\« #˚kÕÔsTT. ô|<ä› |ü≥ºD≤˝À¢ì á u≤´+≈£î\T ‘·eT q>∑<äT ì\«\qT eTVü‰q>∑sê\˝Àì ô|<ä› u≤´+≈£î˝À ì\« #˚kÕÔsTT. á ô|<ä› u≤´+≈£î\H˚ nqTs¡÷|ü u≤´+≈£î\T n+{≤s¡T. &çbÕõ≥¢˝À u≤´+≈£î\ eT<Ûä´ nqTdü+<Ûëq+ #˚j·T&É+ <ë«sê nqTs¡÷|ü u≤´+øÏ+>¥ eédüú @s¡Œ&ÉT‘·T+~. �

ñ<√´>±\T m+|æø£: sê‘· |üØø£å/ dæÿ˝Ÿ f…dtº/ Ç+≥s¡÷«´ Ä<Ûës¡+>±. <äs¡U≤düTÔ $<Ûëq+: ÄHé˝…’Hé/ Ä|òt˝…’Hé. eTT+<äT>± ÄHé˝…’Hé˝À <äs¡U≤düTÔ #˚düTø√yê*. Ä <äs¡U≤düTÔ Vü‰sY¶ø±|”øÏ Ç‘·s¡ Á<ÛäTMø£s¡D |üÁ‘ê\T »‘·#˚dæ b˛düTº˝À |ü+bÕ*. <äs¡U≤düTÔ |ò”E: s¡÷.300. (md”‡, md”º |”ôV≤#Yd”, eTVæ≤ﬁ¯\≈£î ñ∫‘·+.) ÄHé˝…’Hé <äs¡U≤düTÔ≈£î ∫e]‘˚B: nø√ºãsY 19, 2018. Vü‰sY¶ø±|”\qT |ü+|ü&ÜìøÏ ∫e]‘˚B: nø√ºãsY 26, 2018. |üP]Ô $esê\T : yÓuŸôd’{Ÿ˝À #·÷&=#·TÃ. yÓuŸôd’{Ÿ: http://tmc.gov.in