Education 18 09 2017

ѧýlÅ ¯ólsìæ ѧýlÅÌZ..

14

{Ô¶æ§é®Ð鯌æ Ë¿¶æ™ól gêq¯]l…

● ●

çܵÆý‡®Ä¶æ* Ð]lÆý‡®™ól ѧýlÅ

B¨ÐéÆý‡… 17-9-2017

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü: C…yìlĶæ$¯Œæ íßæçÜtÈ C…rÈÃyìlÄñæ$sŒæ: Ð]l*Å£ýlÐðl$sìæMŠæÞ Ò$ çÜË-àË$, çÜ…§ól-àË$ ç³…´ë-ÍÞ¯]l D&Ððl$Ƈ¬ÌŒ sakshieducation@gmail.com

ç³È„ýS ™ól©Ë$ ■ ■

■

"çÜ${ï³…MøÆŠ‡t B‹œ C…yìlĶæ*'ÌZ þ°Ä¶æ$ÆŠ‡ MøÆŠ‡t AíÜòÜt…sŒæ GV>jÐŒl$: òÜò³t…ºÆŠ‡ 17 ™ðlË…V>×æ Æð‡íÜyðl°ÛĶæ$ÌŒæ Gyýl$ÅMóSçÙ¯]lÌŒæ C¯ŒlíÜtr*ÅçÙ¯ŒlÞÌZ Ýët‹œ ¯]lÆŠ‡ÞË °Ä¶æ*Ð]l$MýS ç³È„ýS: òÜò³t…ºÆŠ‡ 17; ï³DsîæË$, OÌñæ{»ôæÇĶæ$¯]lÏ °Ä¶æ*Ð]l$MýS ç³È„ýS: òÜò³t…ºÆŠ‡ 17, 18 Ýët‹œ òÜËMýSÛ¯Œl MýSÑ$çÙ¯Œl "OòÜ…sìæíœMŠS AíÜòÜt…sŒæÞ C¯Œl C…yìlĶæ* Ñ$sìæÄñæ¬ÆöÌêhMýSÌŒ yìl´ëÆŠ‡tÐðl$…sŒæ' MýS…ç³NÅrÆŠ‡ »ôæ‹Üz GV>jÐŒl$: òÜò³t…ºÆŠ‡ 20 ¯]l$…_ 23 Ð]lÆý‡MýS$.

BǦMSý Æý‡…VýS…&Ð]lÆý‡¢Ð]l*¯]l A…Ô>Ë$ VøϺ̌æ çßæ*ÅÐ]l$¯Œl M>Åí³rÌŒæ C…yðlMŠSÞ&2017 ➤

Ð]lÆý‡ÌŒæz GMýS¯]lÑ$MŠS ¸ùÆý‡… (yýlº*ÏÅDG‹œ) Ððl¬™èl¢… 130 §ólÔ>ËMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ Æý‡*´÷…¨…_¯]l {ç³ç³…^èl Ð]l*¯]lÐ]l Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯]l çÜ*`ÌZ ¿êÆý‡™èl§ólÔ¶æ… 103Ð]l Ý릯]l… ´÷…¨…¨. D çÜ*`ÌZ ¯éÆó‡Ó {ç³£ýlÐ]l$ Ý릯]l… ´÷…§ýlV> 휯éÏ…yŠæ Æð‡…yø Ý릯鰲, íÜÓrjÆ>Ï…yŠl Ð]lÊyø Ý릯鰲 ´÷…§éƇ¬. AÐðl$ÇM> ¯éË$Vø Ý릯]l… ´÷…§ýlV> I§ýl$, BÆý‡$ Ý릯éÌZÏ Ð]lÆý‡$çÜV> yðl¯éÃÆŠ‡P, fÆý‡Ã± °Í^éƇ¬. ÝëÐ]l$Æý‡¦Å… (¸ëÆý‡ÃÌŒæ Gyýl$ÅMóSçÙ¯ŒlÌZ VýS™èlæ ò³r$tºyìl), ÑçÜ¢Æý‡×æ (ç³° §éÓÆ> O¯ðlç³#×æÅ™èl), AÀÐ]l–¨® ({ç³çÜ$¢™èl {Ô>Ñ$MýS$ÌZÏ A‹³íÜPÍÏ…VŠS A…yŠl ÈíÜPÍÏ…VŠS), know-how (ç³° Ð]l§ýlª {ç³™ólÅMýS O¯ðlç³#×æÅ™èl Ñ°Äñæ*VýS…) A¯ól MöËÐ]l*¯éË B«§éÆý‡…V> {ç³ç³…^èl Ð]l*¯]lÐ]l Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯]l çÜ*`° Ð]lÆý‡ÌŒæz GMýS¯]lÑ$MŠS ¸ùÆý‡… Æý‡*´÷…¨…_…¨. D °Ðól¨MýS {ç³M>Æý‡… {ç³ç³…^èlÐéÅç³¢…V> Ð]l*¯]lÐ]l Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯]l…ÌZ 62 Ô>™èl… Ðól$Æý‡ AÀÐ]l–¨® ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl…¨. D çÜ*` ÑçÙĶæ$…ÌZ Ñ$Wͯ]l {¼MŠSÞ §ólÔ>Ë™ø ´ùÍa¯]l糚yýl$ ¿êÆý‡™Œl Ððl¯]lMýSºyìl…¨. Æý‡çÙůŒl òœyýlÆó‡çÙ¯Œl 16Ð]l Ý릯]l… ´÷…§ýlV>, O^ðl¯é 34, {»ñæhÌŒæ 77, §ýl„ìS×ê{íœM> 87Ð]l Ý릯]l… ´÷…§éƇ¬. §ýl„ìS×êíÜĶæ* §ólÔ>OÌñæ¯]l }Ë…MýS, ¯ól´ëÌŒæ™ø ´ùÍa¯]l糚yýl$ ¿êÆý‡™Œl D çÜ*`ÌZ Ððl¯]lMýSºyìl…¨. A˵ ѧéÅÝë¦Æ‡¬, A˵ Ð]l*¯]lÐ]l Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯]l AÀÐ]l–¨®, O¯ðlç³#×æÅ™èl¯]l$ çÜ{MýSÐ]l$…V> Ñ°Äñæ*W…^èl$MøMýS´ùÐ]lyýl… ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ A…Ô>Ë M>Æý‡×æ…V> ¿êÆý‡™Œl D çÜ*`ÌZ Ððl¯]lMýSºyìl…§ýl° Ð]lÆý‡ÌŒæz GMýS¯]lÑ$MŠS ¸ùÆý‡… AÀ{´ëĶæ$ç³yìl…¨. E´ë«¨MìS çÜ…º…«¨…_ gñæ…yýlÆŠ‡ V>Å‹³ ÑçÙĶæ$…ÌZ {ç³ç³…^èl…ÌZ ¿êÆý‡™Œl _Ð]lÇ Ý릯]l… ´÷…§ýlV> ¿¶æÑçÙÅ™Œl MøçÜ… AÐ]lçÜÆý‡OÐðl$¯]l O¯ðlç³#×æÅ™èl AÀÐ]l–¨® ÑçÙĶæ$…ÌZ Ððl¬™èl¢… 130 §ólÔ>ÌZÏ 65Ð]l Ý릯]l… ´÷…¨…¨. {Ô>Ñ$MýS Ô¶æMìS¢ ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l$Å Æó‡r$ÌZ 118Ð]l Ý릯]l… ´÷…¨¯]l ¿êÆý‡™èl§ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ A«¨MýS Ô>™èl… {Ô>Ñ$MýS$Ë$ AçÜ…çœ$sìæ™èl Æý‡…VýS…ÌZ Ìôæ§é iÐ]l¯é«§éÆý‡ E´ë«¨ ´÷…§ýl$™èl$¯]l²r$ÏV> °Ðól¨MýS ÐðlËÏyìl…_…¨. D çÜ*`MìS çÜ…º…«¨…_ know-how MöËÐ]l*¯]l… ÑçÙĶæ$…ÌZ ¿êÆý‡™Œl {ç³VýS† Ý뫨…_¯]lr$Ï °Ðól¨MýS õ³ÆöP…¨. ¿êÆý‡™èl§ólÔ¶æ… A¯ólMýS çÜÐéâ¶æϯ]l$ G§ýl$ÆöP…r$¯]l²ç³µsìæMîS çÜOÆð‡¯]l Ð]l*Æý‡Y…ÌZ¯ól

{X‹Ü íܦ†VýS™èl$ÌZÏ Ððl$Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË ➤

{X‹Ü ³ç rÏ A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$ çÜÐ]l*f…

AÀ{´ëĶæ$…ÌZ Ð]l*Æý‡$µ¯]lMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… ÑfĶæ$Ð]l…™èlOÐðl$…§ýl° {X‹Ü {糫§é° AÌñæMìSÞ‹Ü æ íÜ{´ë‹Ü AÀ{´ëĶæ$ç³yézÆý‡$. {VðSWjsŒæ Ý릯]l…ÌZ "{W¯ŒlÐðl‹Üt' {´ë^èl$Æý‡Å… ´÷…¨…§ýl° {X‹Ü {糫§é° õ³ÆöP¯é²Æý‡$. 2017 Ððl¬§ýlsìæ AÆý‡® ¿êVýS…ÌZ {X‹Ü BǦMSý Ð]l–¨® Æó‡r$ 0.8 Ô>™èl…

M>V> çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>…™é°MìS 2 Ô>™é°MìS ^ólÆý‡$MýS$…r$…§ýl° BĶæ$¯]l ™ðlÍ´ëÆý‡$. VýS™èl §ýlÔ>ºª M>Ë…™ø ´ùÍa¯]l糚yýl$ 2017ÌZ {X‹Ü BMýSÇÛ…_¯]l ѧólÖ {ç³™èlÅ„ýS ò³r$tºyýl$Ë$ GMýS$PÐ]l. 2017Ð]l çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡… Ððl¬§ýlsìæ ¯éË$VýS$ Ð]l*ÝëÌZÏ {X‹Ü 2.2 ¼ÍĶæ$¯Œl yéËÆý‡Ï ѧólÖ {ç³™èlÅ„ýS ò³r$tºyýl$˯]l$ BMýSÇÛ…_…¨. çÜ…§ýlÆý‡ØMýS$Ë {ç³Ðéçßæ…ÌZ Ð]l–¨® M>Æý‡×æ…V> Æ>ºyìlÌZ 20 Ô>™èl… ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË™ø´ër$ 糨 Ë„ýSË Ð]l$…¨MìS E´ë«¨ AÐ]lM>Ô>Ë$ ËÀ…^éƇ¬. {X‹Ü Æý‡$×æ çÜ…„ø¿¶æ… ¯ólç³£ýlÅ…ÌZ 2010 ™èl§ýl$ç³Ç M>Ë…ÌZ ¨ ĶæÊÆøí³Ä¶æ$¯Œl MýSÑ$çÙ¯Œl, ¨ ĶæÊÆøí³Ä¶æ$¯Œl òÜ…{rÌŒæ »êÅ…MŠS, ¨ ĶæÊÆøí³Ä¶æ$¯Œl ĶæʰĶæ$¯Œl òÜt¼OÌñægôæçÙ¯Œl 眅yŠl (íܦÈMýSÆý‡×æ °«¨), A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$ {§ýlÐ]lÅ°«¨ (IG…G‹œ)..

344.6 ¼ÍĶæ$¯Œl yéËÆý‡Ï Æý‡$×ê°MìS çÜ…º…«¨…_ Ð]lÊyýl$ Æý‡$×æ M>Æý‡Å{MýSÐ]l*˯]l$ BÐðl*¨…^éƇ¬. D ¯ólç³£ýlÅ…ÌZ {X‹Ü BǦMýS çÜ…çÜPÆý‡×æ˯]l$ ^ólç³sìæt…¨.

{ç³ç³…^èl BǦMýS MóS…{§ýl…V> Ë…yýl¯Œ ➤

{ç³ç³…^èl BǦMýS MóS…{§éË çÜ*`ÌZ {ç³ç³…^èl…ÌZ A™èlÅ…™èl BMýSÆý‡Û×îæĶæ$OÐðl$¯]l BǦMýS MóS…{§ýl…V> Ë…yýl¯Œl °Í_…¨. ĶæÊÆøí³Ä¶æ$¯Œl ĶæʰĶæ$¯Œl ¯]l$…_ {¼r¯Œl OÐðl§öËV>Ë° °Æý‡~Ƈ¬…^èl$MýS$¯]l²

M>…í³sîæsìæÐŒæ Mú¯ðlÞÍ…VŠæ E§øÅVýS °Ä¶æ*Ð]l$MýS ç³È„ýSËMýS$ {í³ç³Æó‡çÙ¯ŒlÌZ A¯]l$çÜÇ…^éÍÞ¯]l Ñ«§é¯éÌôæÑ$sìæ?

E§øÅVýS °Ä¶æ*Ð]l$MýS

yólsê¯]l$ f¯]lÆó‡sŒæ ^ólĶæ$V>, 2016ÌZ 559 Ððl$V>O»ñærÏ Ððl¬O»ñæÌŒæ yólsê¯]l$ f¯]lÆó‡sŒæ ^ólíÜ…¨.

2016ÌZ ¿êÆý‡™èl Ððl¬O»ñæÌŒæ yólsêÌZ ÒyìlÄñæ* MýS…sñæ…sŒæ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS… 49 Ô>™èl… M>V>, 2021 ¯ésìæMìS A¨ 75 Ô>™é°MìS ^ólÆý‡VýS˧ýl° A…^èl¯é. ÝëÃÆŠæt Æý‡Ðé×ê, ÝëÃÆŠæt Ò$rÆý‡Ï Ð]l…sìæ C…rÆð‡²sŒæ B‹œ ¤…VŠSÞ (IKsîæ) sñæM>²ËiÌZ AyéÓ¯ŒæÞÐðl$…sŒæ M>Æý‡×æ…V> Ððl¬O»ñæÌŒæ r$ Ððl¬O»ñæÌŒæ çÜÈÓçÜ$ÌZÏ 21 Ô>™èl… ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË E…yýlVýS˧ýl° A…^èl¯é. 2020 ¯ésìæMìS ¿êÆý‡™èl sñæÍMýS… Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæ 6.6 {sìæÍĶæ$¯Œæ Æý‡*´ëĶæ$Ë Æ>ºyìl° A…¨…^ól Ýë¦Æ‡¬MìS ^ólÆý‡$MýS$…r$…§ýl° A…^èl¯é.

ç³Ä¶æ$°çÜ$¢¯]l²r$Ï MýS°í³Ýù¢…§ýl° Ð]lÆý‡ÌŒæz GMýS¯]lÑ$MŠS ¸ùÆý‡… õ³ÆöP…¨. ¯éË$Vø ´ëÇ{Ô>Ñ$MýS Ñç³ÏÐ]l… ¯]l*™èl¯]l…V> AÐ]lçÜÆý‡OÐðl$¯]l O¯ðlç³#×æÅ™èl MöÆý‡™èl¯]l$ çÜ–íÙt…_¯]l ¯ólç³£ýlÅ…ÌZ ¿¶æÑçÙÅ™Œl {Ô>Ñ$MýS Ô¶æMìS¢ ѧéÅ AÐ]lçÜÆ>ËMýS$ A¯]l$VýS$×æ…V> ѧéÅ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦÌZ Ð]l*Æý‡$µ ¡çÜ$MýS$Æ>Ð]lËíܯ]l BÐ]lÔ¶æÅMýS™èl¯]l$ °Ðól¨MýS ÐðlËÏyìl…_…¨.

{ç³ç³…^èl Ð]l*¯]lÐ]l Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯]l çÜ*`

& Ñ.çÜ$ÖË, BÆŠ‡.Æý‡ÑMýS$Ð]l*ÆŠ‡, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šl.

ç³È„ýSËMýS$ Rêä-Ë™ø çÜ…º…«§ýl… ÌôæMýS$…yé ´ùsîæ Ë„ýS-ÌZϯól E…r$…§ýl-¯ól¨ °çÜÞ…-§ólçßæ…. AƇ¬™ól G…™èl ´ùsîæ E¯]l²ç³µsìæMîS ¿¶æĶæ$ç³yéÍÞ¯]l AÐ]l-çÜÆý‡… Ìôæ§ýl…r$-¯é²Æý‡$ °ç³#-×æ$Ë$. çÜ…¨-VýS®™èl Òyìl, çܯ]l²§ýl®™èl ¨Ô¶æV> ¯]lyýl-Ðé-Ë° çÜ*_-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æý‡$. ç³È„ýS HO§ðl¯é L™éÞ-íßæMýS$Ë$ Ð]l¬…§ýl$V> {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ-¯ŒlMýS$ Ð]l*¯]l-íÜ-MýS…V> íܧýl®-Ð]l$-ÐéÍ. J†¢yìl A¯ól Ð]l*rMýS$ ™éÑ-Ð]lÓ-MýS*-yýl§ýl$. ´ùsîæ Ë„ýSÌZÏ E¯é² ´ù‹Üt Ý뫨…-^é-˯ól VýSsìæt çÜ…MýS˵…, ÑfĶæ$… Ý뫨…-^èl-VýS-Ë-Ð]l$¯ól °…Oyðl¯]l B™èlÃ-Ñ-Ô>ÓçÜ… AÐ]l-çÜÆý‡….

A糚yól GÌê…sìæ Br…-M>Ë$ G§ýl$-OÆð‡¯é, Ðésìæ° A«¨-VýS-Ñ$…-^èl-VýS-ËÆý‡$. çÜ…MýS˵ ºË…™ø ÑfĶæ$… ¨Ô¶æV> §ýl*çÜ$-MðS-â¶æÏ-VýS-ËÆý‡$. ● A…§ýl$-»ê-r$ÌZ E¯]l² çÜÐ]l$-Ķæ*°² çܨÓ-°-Äñæ*VýS… ^ólçÜ$-Mø-Ð]lr… {糫§é¯]l…. çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$ ´ë˯]l ÑçÙ-Ķæ$…ÌZ Mö…§ýlÆý‡$ "ÐéÆý‡… B«§é-Ç-™èl' Ñ«§é-¯é°² A¯]l$-çÜ-Ç-Ýë¢Æý‡$. JMýS ÐéÆý‡…ÌZ JMýS çÜ»ñæjMýS$t, Ð]l$Æø ÐéÆý‡… Ð]l$Æø çÜ»ñæj-MýS$t¯]l$ ^èl§ýl$-Ð]l#-™éÆý‡$. C¨ Ñf-Ķæ*-°MìS çÜOÆð‡¯]l {ç³×ê-ãMýS M>§ýl$. õ³ç³Æý‡Ï ÐéÈV> íÜË-º-‹Ü¯]l$ ÑÔóæÏ-íÙ…-^èl$-Mö°, Æøþ A°² çÜ»ñæj-MýS$tË$ ^èl¨-ÐólÌê {ç³×ê-ãMýS Æý‡*´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. A糚yól A°² A…Ô>Ë Ð]l$«§ýlÅ çÜÐ]l$-™èl$-ËÅ™èl Ý뫧ýlÅ-Ð]l$-Ð]l#-™èl$…¨. A…™èl-MýS$-Ð]l¬…§ýl$ ^èl¨-ѯ]l A…Ô>-˯]l$ ÇÑ-f¯Œl ^ólõÜ…-§ýl$MýS$ Æøþ Mö…™èl çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$…

MóSsê-Ƈ¬…-^éÍ. ● ^èl¨-ѯ]l A…Ô>-˯]l$ VýS$Æý‡$¢…-^èl$-MýS$-¯ól…-§ýl$MýS$ ^èlMýSPsìæ Ð]l*Æý‡Y… ÚëÆŠ‡t ¯øsŒæÞ Æý‡*ç³-MýS-˵¯]l. JMýS A…Ô>°² ^èl§ýl$-Ð]l#-™èl$-¯]l²-糚yýl$ A…§ýl$-ÌZ° Ð]l¬RêÅ…-Ô>-˯]l$ ´ëƇ¬…-r$ÏV>, Ìôæ§é ™èlÐ]l$MýS$ A¯]l$-MýS*-Ë-OÐðl$¯]l ȆÌZ (^é-ÆŠ‡tË$, {V>‹œË$ Ð]l…sìæ-Ñ) ÚëÆŠ‡t-¯øsŒæÞ Æý‡*´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. ^èl¨Ñ¯]l A…Ô>-˯]l$ C™èl-Æý‡$-Ë™ø ^èlÇa…-^èlr… MýS*yé Ððl$Ð]l$È ç³Æý‡…V> »êV> Eç³-Äñæ*-VýS-ç³yól Ñ«§é¯]l…. ● Ý÷…™èl ¯øsŒæÞ Æý‡*´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-Ð]lyýl… Ñf-Ķæ$…ÌZ MîSË-MýS-´ë{™èl ´ùíÙçÜ$¢…¨. ¯øsŒæÞ Æý‡*ç³-MýS-˵-¯]lÌZ Ô>ï܈Ķæ$ Ñ«§é-¯é°² A¯]l$-çÜ-Ç…-^éÍ. ^èl¨-ѯ]l {糆 A…Ô>±² ¯øsŒæÞÌZ ´÷…§ýl$-ç³-ÇõÜ¢ çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$… Ð]l–£é AÐ]l#-™èl$…¨. VýS×ê…-M>Ë$, çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞ-Æ>Ë$, °Ðól-¨-MýS-Ë$-&-íÜ-¸ë-Æý‡$ÞË$ Ð]l…sìæ Ð]l¬RêÅ…-Ô>-˯]l$ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ Æ>çÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. MìSÓMŠS ÇÑ-f-¯ŒlMýS$ Eç³Äñæ*-VýS-ç³-yólÌê ¯øsŒæÞ Æý‡*´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. ● AçÜË$ ^èl§ýl$-Ð]l#-™èl$¯]l² A…Ô>ÌZÏ HÑ Ð]l¬QÅ-OÐðl$-¯]l-Ð]l¯ól çÜ…§ólçßæ… MýSË$VýS$-™èl$…-r$…¨. VýS™èl {ç³Ô¶æ²-ç³-{™é-˯]l$ ç³Ç-Ö-Í…-^èlr… Ð]lËÏ H A…Ô>Ë ¯]l$…_ GMýS$P-Ð]lV> {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]lçÜ$¢-¯é²Äñæ* ™ðlË$-çÜ$¢…¨. {ç³Ô¶æ² AyìlVóS Ñ«§é-¯]l…-Oò³¯é AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l HÆý‡µ-yýl$-™èl$…¨. çÜÐ]l$-M>-ί]l {´ë«§é¯]lÅ…

E¯]l² A…Ô>Ë$ Ð]l¬QÅ-OÐðl$-¯]lÑ. ïÜ°-Ķæ$ÆŠ‡ ¸ëÅMýSÎt, VýS™èl Ñgôæ-™èlË çÜ*^èl¯]lË Ðól$Æý‡MýS$ {´ëÐ]l*-×ìæMýS Ððl$sîæ-Ç-Ķæ$-ÌŒæ¯]l$ G…í³MýS ^ólçÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. ● {糆 A…Ô>±² BÝëÓ-¨çÜ*¢ ^èl§ýl-ÐéÍ. ^èl§ýl-Ð]l-sê°², çÜ»ñæjMýS$t A«§ýlÅ-Ķæ$¯é°² à½V> Ð]l*Æý‡$a-Mø-ÐéÍ. JMýS A…Ô>°² ^èl§ýl$-Ð]l#-™èl$…sôæ §é°MìS çÜ…º…-«¨…-_¯]l Ð]l$Æø Mö™èl¢ A…Ô>°² ™ðlË$-çÜ$-Mø-Ðé-˯ól hgêqçÜ E…yéÍ. A糚yól ^èl¨Ñ¯]l A…Ô>Ë$ »êV> VýS$Æý‡$¢…sêƇ¬.

ÇfÆŠæÓ »êÅ…MŠæ ÐéÇÛMýS °Ðól¨MýS 2015&16ÌZ 6,32,000 ¯]lMìSÎ MýSÆð‡±Þ ¯ørϯ]l$ VýS$Ç¢…^èlV>, 2016&17ÌZ Òsìæ çÜ…QÅ 7,62,072MýS$ ò³ÇW…§ýl° ÇfÆý‡$Ó »êÅ…MŠæ ÐéÇÛMýS °Ðól¨MýS 2016&17 õ³ÆöP…¨. 2015&16™ø ´ùÍa™ól 2016&17ÌZ Òsìæ çÜ…QÅÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 20.4 Ô>™èl…V> E…¨. ➤ 2016, ¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠæ 4 ¯ésìæMìS Æý‡*.17.97 Ë„ýSË MørÏ ÑË$OÐðl¯]l MýSÆð‡±Þ ^èlÌêÐ]l$×ìæÌZ E…yýlV>, 2016, ¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠæ 8¯]l Æý‡*.15.45 Ë„ýSË MørÏ ÑË$OÐðl¯]l MýSÆð‡±Þ ¯ørϯ]l$ (ò³§ýlª ¯ør$Ï) {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… Eç³çÜ…çßæÇ…^èl$MýS$…¨.

Eç³çÜ…çßæÇ…^èl$MýS$¯]l² Ððl¬™èl¢…ÌZ 2017, þ¯Œæ 30 ¯ésìæMìS Æý‡*.15.28 Ë„ýSË MørÏ ÑË$OÐðl¯]l MýSÆð‡±Þ° (Eç³çÜ…çßæÇ…_¯]l Ððl¬™èl¢…ÌZ 99 Ô>™é°²) †ÇW ´÷…¨¯]lr$Ï °Ðól¨MýS õ³ÆöP…¨. ➤ 2017, þ¯Œæ 30 ¯ésìæMìS ÇfÆŠæÓ »êÅ…MŠæ »êÅÌñ毌æÞïÙsŒæÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË (2016&17) 1.88 Ô>™èl…V> ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl…¨. ÇfÆý‡$Ó »êÅ…MŠæ B§éĶæ$…ÌZ ™èlVýS$Y§ýlË 23.56 Ô>™èl… M>V>, Ð]lÅĶæ$…ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 107.84 Ô>™èl….

2016&17ÌZ ÇfÆý‡$Ó »êÅ…MŠæ Ñ$VýS$Ë$¯]l$ Æý‡*.30,659 Mør$ÏV> °Ðól¨MýS õ³ÆöP…¨. »êÅÌñ毌æÞïÙsŒæÌZ BçÜ$¢Ë OÐðlç³# ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË.. ѧólÖ ò³r$tºyýl$Ë$, çÜÓ§ólÖ ò³r$tºyýl$ÌZÏ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlËMýS$ M>Æý‡×æOÐðl$…¨. 2016&17ÌZ ѧólÖ ò³r$tºyýl$ÌZÏ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 2.7 Ô>™èl…

M>V>, çÜÓ§ólÖ ò³r$tºyýl$ÌZÏ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 7.45 Ô>™èl…V> ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl…¨. »êÅÌñ毌æÞïÙsŒæÌZ Æý‡$×êË ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlËMýS$ yìl´ëhsŒæËÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 76.96 Ô>™èl…V> E…yýlr…

M>Æý‡×æOÐðl$…¨. 2015&16ÌZ MýSÆð‡±Þ¯ørÏ Ð]l¬{§ýl×æMýS$ Æý‡*.3,420 Mør$Ï Ð]lÅĶæ$… M>V>, ➤

´ùsîæ ç³È„ýSË {ç³™ólÅMýS…

GM>¯]lÒ$ ¯ólç³£ýlÅ…ÌZ¯]l* Ë…yýl¯Œl D çÜ*`ÌZ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ý릯]l… ´÷…¨…¨. AÐ]lÝë¦ç³¯é ÝûMýSÆ>ÅË$, A«¨MýS ¯é×æÅ™èl™ø MýS*yìl¯]l íܺ¾…¨ A…§ýl$»êr$ A¯ól MöËÐ]l*¯éË B«§éÆý‡…V> D çÜ*`° Æý‡*´÷…¨…^éÆý‡$. D çÜ*`ÌZ Ë…yýl¯Œl MýS¯é² ¯]l*ÅĶæ*ÆŠ‡P 24 ´ëƇ¬…r$Ï Ððl¯]lMýSºyìl…¨. 2007 ™èl§ýl$ç³Ç M>Ë…ÌZ D Æð‡…yýl$ ¯]lVýSÆ>Ë Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ™ólyé A«¨MýS…V> E…yýlr… C§ól {ç³£ýlÐ]l$…. {¸ë…MŠSçœÆŠ‡t 11Ð]l Ý릯鰲, yýl¼Ï¯lŒ 30Ð]l Ý릯鰲 ´÷…§éƇ¬.

¿êÆý‡™èl sñæÍMýS… ç³Ç{Ô¶æÐ]l$ {ç³VýS† ➤

¿êÆý‡™ŒlÌZ C…rÆð‡²sŒæ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS§éÆý‡$Ë çÜ…QÅ 400 Ñ$ÍĶæ$¯]lϯ]l$ §ésìæ…¨.

2016&17ÌZ sñæÍMýS… ç³Ç{Ô¶æÐ]l$ 5.6 ¼ÍĶæ$¯Œl yéËÆý‡Ï ѧólÖ {ç³™èlÅ„ýS ò³r$tºyýl$˯]l$ BMýSÇÛ…_…¨. VýS™èl I§ólâ¶æÏÌZ {V>Ò$×æ sñæÎ Ýë…{§ýl™èl 30 Ô>™èl… ò³ÇW…¨. Ððl¬™èl¢… yólsê Ñ°Äñæ*VýS…ÌZ 3i, 4iË Ðésê 75 Ô>™é°MìS Oò³V> E…¨. {ç³™èlÅ„ýS…V>, ç³Æø„ýS…V> sñæÍMýS… ç³Ç{Ô¶æÐ]l$ 40 Ë„ýSË Ð]l$…¨MìS E´ë«¨ MýS͵…_…¨. 2015 òÜò³t…ºÆŠ‡ ™èlÆ>Ó™èl M>Ë…ÌZ §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ 38 ¯]l*™èl¯]l Ððl¬O»ñæÌŒæ ™èlĶæ*È Ä¶æÊ°r$Ï HÆ>µrĶæ*ÅƇ¬. Cç³µsìæ Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ sñæÍMýS…

õÜÐ]lËMýS$ ¯ø^èl$Mø° 54000 {V>Ð]l*ËMýS$ Ðésìæ° ÑçܢDž^éË° {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… °Æý‡~Ƈ¬…_…¨. ¿êÆý‡™èl sñæÍMýS… Æý‡…VýS…ÌZ {ç³çÜ$¢™lè … E¯]l² 7.6 Ô>™èl… Ð]l–¨® Æó‡r$¯]l$ 10 Ô>™é°MìS ò³…^éË° ¯]l*™èl¯]l sñæÍMýS… Ñ«§é¯]l… Ë„ýSÅ…V> °Æó‡ªÕ…^èl$MýS$…¨. 2015 þOÌñæÌZ ¿êÆý‡™èl {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… yìlhrÌŒæ C…yìlĶæ* M>Æý‡Å{MýSÐ]l*°² {´ëÆý‡…À…_…¨. 2018 ¯ésìæMìS 2.5 Ë„ýSË {V>Ð]l$ç³…^éƇ¬¡Ë¯]l$ OòßæïܵyŠl Bí³tMýSÌŒæ OòœºÆŠ‡ MóSº$ÌŒæ §éÓÆ> A¯]l$çÜ…«§é°…^é˯ól Ë„ýSÅ…™ø ¿êÆý‡™Œl ¯ðlsŒæ (yìlhrÌŒæ C…yìlĶæ*ÌZ ¿êVýS…V>) {´ëgñæMýS$t¯]l$ {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. D M>Æý‡Å{MýSÐ]l*°² §ýlÔ¶æË ÐéÈV> AÐ]l$Ë$^ólçÜ$¢¯é²Æý‡$. Ððl¬§ýlsìæ §ýlÔ¶æÌZ ¿êVýS…V> 2017 þOÌñæ ¯ésìæMìS Ë„ýS {V>Ð]l$ç³…^éƇ¬¡Ë¯]l$ A¯]l$ççÜ…«§é°…^éÆý‡$.

MóSÆý‡â¶æ, MýSÆ>²rMýS, bèl¡¢‹ÜVýSÉŠl, çßæÇĶæ*×ê, E™èl¢Æý‡{糧ólÔŒæ, Ð]l$«§ýlÅ{糧ólÔŒæËÌZ Ë„>Å°² §é§éç³# 100 Ô>™èl… Ý뫨…^éÆý‡$. ➤ ¿êÆý‡™èl sñæÍMýS… ç³Ç{Ô¶æÐ]l$ "ÐéƇ¬‹Ü&òÜ…{sìæMŠS' Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒ ¯]l$…_ "yólsê&òÜ…{sìæMŠS' Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæV> Æý‡´ë…™èlÆý‡… ^ðl…¨…¨. {ç³ç³…^èl…ÌZ C…rÆð‡²sŒæ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS§éÆý‡$Ë çÜ…QÅMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ ¿êÆý‡™Œl Æð‡…yø Ý릯]l…ÌZ E…¨. §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ (2016ÌZ) Ððl¬O»ñæÌŒæ yólsê {sêíœMŠSÌZ Ð]l–¨® 76 Ô>™èl…V> ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl…¨. ç³rt×æ {´ë…™éÌZÏ ÝëÃÆŠ‡t¸ù¯]lÏ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS… ò³ÇW…¨. 2015ÌZ çÜVýSr$¯]l ÝëÃÆŠæt¸ù¯Œæ ¯ðlËMýS$ 430 Ððl$V>O»ñærÏ Ððl¬O»ñæÌŒæ

C¨ 2016&17ÌZ Æý‡*.7,965 MørÏMýS$ ò³ÇW…¨.

¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ ѧýl$Å™Œæ Æý‡…VýS… §ólÔ>Ë BÇ®MýS Ð]l–¨®, {ÔóæĶæ$çÜ$ÞMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ ѧýl$Å™Œæ Ð]l¬QÅOÐðl$¯]l AÐ]lÝë¦ç³¯é ÝûMýSÆý‡Å…. Æð‡¯]l$ź̌æ G¯]lÈj A{sêMìStÐŒl C…yðlMŠSÞÌZ Ððl¬™èl¢… 40 §ólÔ>ÌZÏ ¿êÆý‡™Œæ Ð]lÊyø Ý릯]l… ´÷…¨…¨.

2017ÌZ {ç³ç³…^èl »êÅ…MýS$ ѧýl$Å™Œæ Ë¿¶æÅ™èl gê¼™éÌZ ¿êÆý‡™Œæ 26Ð]l Ý릯]l… ´÷…¨…¨.

2017, Ðól$ ¯ésìæMìS ¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ° A°² ѧýl$Å™Œæ MóS…{§éË AÐ]lÝë¦í³™èl ÝëÐ]l$Æý‡¦Å… 330, 260.53 Ððl$V>Ðér$Ï. 2017&18 BǦMýS çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ 1229.4 ¼ÍĶæ$¯Œæ ĶæÊ°rÏ Ñ§ýl$Å™Œæ E™éµ§ýl¯]l¯]l$ ѧýl$Å™Œæ Ð]l$…{†™èlÓ Ô>Q Ë„ýSÅ…V> °Æó‡ªÕ…^èl$MýS$…¨. 2016&17™ø ´ùÍa™ól D Ë„ýSÅ…ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 50 ¼ÍĶæ$¯Œæ ĶæÊ°r$Ï. ç³#¯]lÆý‡$™éµ§ýlMýS ѧýl$Å™Œl E™éµ§ýlMýS™èlÌZ Ýë…Ð]l™èlÞÇMýS Ð]l–¨® 27 Ô>™èl…V>, çÜ…{糧éĶæ$ ѧýl$Å™Œl E™éµ§ýlMýS™èlÌZ Ð]l–¨® 18 Ô>™èl…V> ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl…¨. ➤ 2000 H{í³ÌŒæ, 2017 Ð]l*Ça Ð]l$«§ýlÅM>Ë…ÌZ ¿êÆý‡™èl ѧýl$Å™Œæ Æý‡…VýS… 11.59 ¼ÍĶæ$¯Œæ yéËÆý‡Ï Ðól$Æý‡ ѧólÖ {ç³™èlÅ„ýS ò³r$tºyýl$˯]l$ BMýSÇÛ…_…¨. Ð]l^óla I§ýl$ ¯]l$…_ 糧ólâ¶æÏÌZ ¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ° gê¡Ä¶æ$, A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$ MýS…ò³±Ë$ 266 WV>ÐérÏ ÝûÆý‡, ç³Ð]l¯]l, Ñ$±& OòßæyðlÌŒæ, ºÄñæ*Ð]l*‹Ü B«§éÇ™èl ѧýl$Å™Œæ E™éµ§ýlMýS™èl¯]l$ Ý뫨…^èlVýSËÐ]l° A…^èl¯é. ©°MøçÜ… 310 ¯]l$…_ 350 ¼ÍĶæ$¯Œæ yéËÆý‡Ï Ðól$Æý‡ ò³r$tºyýl$Ë$ AÐ]lçÜÆý‡Ð]l$Ð]l#™éƇ¬. ➤ §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ° {ç³fË…§ýlÇMîS 2019 Ð]l*Ça ¯ésìæMìS çÜÇç³yìl¯]l…™èl ѧýl$Å™Œæ¯]l$ A…¨…^é˯ól Ë„ýSÅ… ™ø ¿êÆý‡™èl {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… "A…§ýlÇMîS ѧýl$Å™Œæ' M>Æý‡Å{MýSÐ]l$… {´ëÆý‡…À…_…¨. 2015&16ÌZ Ððl¬™èl¢… ѧýl$Å™Œæ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS…ÌZ °ÐéçÜ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS… 22.97 Ô>™èl…V>, ´ëÇ{Ô>Ñ$MýS Ñ°Äñæ*VýS… 44.20 Ô>™èl…V>, Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS… 18.17 Ô>™èl…V>, Ðé×ìæfÅ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS… 8.05 Ô>™èl…V> ¯]lÐðl*§ýlĶæ*ÅƇ¬. ➤

yé‘‘ ™èlÐ]l*à MøsìæÆð‡yìlz {´÷òœçÜÆŠ‡, I½G‹Ü, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šl.

INSURANCE SECTOR IN INDIA

Insurance business is an economic activity which takes care of any future uncertainties/risk in our daily routine, relating to our life (life insurance) and also non life events like trade, travel, house safety, fire & theft, loss in business etc., (general insurance). People pay prescribed money as premium to protect themselves from the future uncertainties/risk. ✮ With the establishment of Oriental Life Insurance Company in 1818, Calcutta, the insurance history started in India though the concept was found in historical Indian writings.

■ LIC (Life Insurance Corporation) ✮ With an ordinance on 19th January, 1956 our government nationalised Life Insurance business and LIC came into existence. It absorbed 245 Indian and Foreign Insurers.

■ GIC (General Insurance Corporation) ✮ In 1972, the General Insurance business (non Life Insurance sector like Health, Motor, Home insurance etc.,) was nationalised and from 1st January, 1973 onwards, 4 Indian companies came into existence under GIC after amalgamating 107 insurers in this field. The names of the 4 companies are...

1. National Insurance Company Limited.

2. New India Assurance Company Limited.

3. Oriental Insurance Company ✮

Limited.

4. United India Insurance Company Limited. ✮ In 2000, GIC was transformed as National Reinsurer (Reinsurance is insurance that is purchased by an insurance company). ✮ In 2002, the above 4 companies were made independent and delinked from GIC. ■ IRDAI (Insurance Regulatory Development Authority of India) ✮ The next landmark happened on 19th April 2000, when the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 (IRDAA) came into force and IRDA (Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority) was set up as per the recommendations of Malhotra Committee. The IRDA opened up the market in August, 2000 and foreign companies were allowed with 26% ownership. The Authority has the power to frame regulations under section 114 A of the Insurance Act of 1938 and from year 2000 onwards framed many regulations ranging from registration of Insurance companies to protection of policyholder’s interests. IRDA has recently been renamed as IRDAI (Insurance Regulatory Development Authority of India).

■ AGRICULTURE INSURANCE COMPANY OF INDIA LIMITED (AIC) ✮ AIC was incorporated under

✮

Competitive Guidance Bank, Insurance Exams Special

IRDA (Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority) was set up as per the recommendations of Malhotra Committee.

✮

✮

the Indian Companies Act 1956 on 20th December, 2002 with an authorised share capital of 15 billion rupees and paid up capital of 2 billion rupees. AIC commenced business from 1st April, 2003.

From Rabi 1999 season, the CCIS (Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme) was discontinued and replaced by the National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS), which is being implemented to date as the flagship yield based crop insurance program of the Government.

Parallelly, the implementation and administration of crop insurance schemes, which were being done by General Insurance Corporation of India

✮

■ ✮

(GIC), was taken over by Agriculture Insurance Company of India Ltd. (AIC) since its commencement of business from 1st April 2003.

Professor V.M.Dandekar, often referred to as the “Father of Crop Insurance in India”.

ECGC ECGC Ltd. (Formerly Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd.), wholly owned

by Government of India, was set up in 1957 with the objective of promoting exports from the country by providing Credit Risk Insurance and related services for exports. It functions under the administrative control of Ministry of Commerce & Industry, and is managed by a

■ ✮

✮

✮

Board of Directors comprising representatives of the Government, Reserve Bank of India, Banking, and Insurance and Exporting community.

Over the years it has designed different export credit risk insurance products to suit the requirements of Indian exporters and commercial banks extending export credit.

ECGC is essentially an export promotion organization, seeking to improve the competitiveness of the Indian exporters by providing them with credit insurance covers.

DICGC (The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation) The functions of the DICGC are governed by the provisions of 'The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961' (DICGC Act) and 'The Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation General Regulations, 1961' framed by the Reserve Bank of India.

The preamble of the DICGC Act, 1961 states that it is an Act to provide for the establishment of a Corporation for the purpose of insurance of deposits and guaranteeing of credit facilities and for other matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

¼.}°ÐéçÜÆ>Ð]l#, ÌñæMýSaÆý‡ÆŠ‡ (GMýS¯éÑ$MŠSÞ), í³.BÆŠ‡.VýSÐ]lÆý‡²Ððl$…sŒæ yìl{X M>Ìôæi, M>MìS¯éyýl.

{糆 ÐéÆý‡… Ò$ ¿¶æÑ™èl Ððl$Ƈ¬¯Œæ õ³iÌZÏ... ÝùÐ]l$ÐéÆý‡…

10+2/{V>yýl$ÅÄôæ$sŒæÞ

òܵçÙÌŒ {VýS*‹³Þ {ç³™ólÅMýS…

Ð]l$…VýSâ¶æÐéÆý‡…

C…f±Ç…VŠæ/ G…½H òܵçÙÌŒ {VýS*‹³Þ {ç³™ólÅMýS…

{sñæ…yŠl Ð]l*Ç…¨.. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… g껌æ Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæ {sñæ…yŠl HÆø-k-M>-Æøk Ð]l*Æý‡$-™ø…¨. AÐ]l-M>-Ô>˯]l$ A…§ýl$-Mø-Ðé…sôæ.. ™èl§ýl-¯]l$-VýS$-×æ…V> E¯é²-Ð]l$° GÐ]l-Ç-MìS-ÐéÆý‡$ °Æý‡*-í³…-^èl$-MøÐéÍ. A…§ýl$-MøçÜ… A¿¶æÅǦ Ð]l¬…§ýl$V> ™èl¯]l A{´ù-^Œl¯]l$ Ð]l*Æý‡$a-Mø-ÐéÍ. E¯]l² AÐ]l-M>-Ô>-˯]l$, Ðól¨-MýS-˯]l$ çÜÐ]l$-Æý‡¦-Ð]l…™èl…V> Ñ°-Äñæ*-W…-^èl$-MýS$° O¯ðlç³#-×êÅ-˯]l$ Ððl$Æý‡$-VýS$-ç³-Æý‡$a-Mø-ÐéÍ. ´ùsîæ ¯ólç³-£ýlÅ…ÌZ E§øÅ-V>-¯ólÓ-çÙ-×æÌZ Ñf-Ķæ$-Ð]l…™èl… M>ÐéË…sôæ.. B¯Œl-OÌñæ-¯ŒlÌZ ^èl$Æý‡$V>Y Ð]lÅÐ]l-çßæ-Ç…^èlyýl…, O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË$ Ððl$Æý‡$-VýS$-ç³-Æý‡$a-MøÐ]lyýl…, òœÏMìSÞ-º$-ÌŒæV> E…yýlr…, ¯ólÆý‡$a-MýS$¯ól…-§ýl$MýS$ çÜ…íÜ-§ýl®™èl ^éÌê Ð]l¬QÅ….

õ³Ï‹Ü-Ððl$…sŒæ òÜÌŒæÞ E§øÅ-V>-¯ólÓ-çÙ-×æÌZ Ð]l¬QÅ-OÐðl$¯]l Ð]l*Æý‡Y… MýSâê-Ô>-ËÌZÏ õ³Ï‹Ü-Ððl$…sŒæ Ñ¿êV>Ë §éÓÆ> çÜÐ]l*-^éÆý‡ õÜMýS-Æý‡×æ. ÒsìæÌZ ç³°-^ólõÜ E§øÅ-VýS$Ë$ °Æý‡…-™èlÆý‡… ÑÑ«§ýl çÜ…çܦ-Ë™ø Ð]l*sêÏ-yýl$™èl*.. çÜ…º…-«¨™èl ÑÐ]lÆ>Ë$ õÜMýS-Ç-çÜ$¢…-sêÆý‡$. MöË$Ð]l#Ë ÐólrÌZ E¯]l² A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ D Ñ¿ê-V>°² Ñ°-Äñæ*-W…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. çÜOÆð‡¯]l íÜPÌŒæ òÜsŒæ ÌôæMýS {´ë…VýS×æ °Ä¶æ*-Ð]l$-M>ÌZÏ G…í³MýS M>Ìôæ-MýS-´ù-™èl$¯]l² Ðéâ¶æ$Ï MýS*yé õ³Ï‹Ü-Ððl$…sŒæ òÜÌŒæ° Eç³-Äñæ*-W…-^èl$-Mø-Ð]l^èl$a. OÐðlçœ-ÌêÅËMýS$ M>Æý‡-×ê-˯]l$ D Ñ¿êVýS íܺ¾…¨ ™ðlÍ-Ķæ$-gôæ-Ýë¢Æý‡$. E§øÅVýS… ´÷…§ýl-yé-°MìS AÐ]l-çÜ-Æý‡-OÐðl$¯]l çÜË-àË$, çÜ*^èl-¯]l-˯]l$ MýS*yé A…§ýl-gôæ-Ýë¢Æý‡$.

º$«§ýlÐéÆý‡…

VýS$Æý‡$ÐéÆý‡… Ô¶æ${MýSÐéÆý‡… Ô¶æ°ÐéÆý‡…

MðSÈÆŠæ OVðSyðl¯ŒæÞ/ ĶæÊ™Œæ ÝùtÈ/ MýSÆð‡…sŒ ¸ëÆð‡¯Œæ g껌æ Gyýl$ÅMóSçÙ¯Œæ òܵçÙÌŒ sñæM>²Ëi òܵçÙÌŒ ´ëƇ¬…sŒ AOòœÆŠæÞ (C…WÏ‹Ù) {VýS*‹³Þ {ç³™ólÅMýS… {VýS*‹³Þ {ç³™ólÅMýS… {VýS*‹³Þ {ç³™ólÅMýS… {VýS*‹³Þ {ç³™ólÅMýS…

B¨ÐéÆý‡… g껌æ íÜPÌŒæÞ/ VðS‹Üt M>ËÐŒl$

{VýS*‹³Þ {ç³™ólÅMýS…

ѧéÅ-¿êÅçÜ… ç³NÆý‡¢-Ķæ*ÅMýS E§øÅVýS Ðólr JMýSç³µsìæ B¯]l-Ðé-Ƈ¬¡.. ^èl§ýl$Ð]l# Mö¯]l-Ýë-W-çÜ*¢¯ól A¯ólÓ-çÙ×æ ÝëW…_.. MøÆý‡$Þ Ð]l¬W-Ķæ$-V>¯ól MöË$-Ð]l#ÌZ ^ólÇ-´ù-Ð]lyýl… ¯ólsìæ Ȇ.. ´ùsîæ {ç³ç³…-^èl…ÌZ {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… C§ól A† ò³§ýlª çÜÐéÌŒæ.. Ð]l¬QÅ…V> MøÆý‡$ÞË$ ç³NÇ¢-^ólíÜ Ë„ýSË Ð]l$…¨ E´ë«¨ Ðólr {´ëÆý‡…-À-çÜ$¢¯]l² ¯ólç³-£ýlÅ…ÌZ C…f-±-Ç…VŠS, Ðól$¯ól-gŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ Ð]l…sìæ {´÷òœ-çÙ-¯]lÌŒæ ѧéÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ C糚yýl$ g껌æ BçœÆŠ‡ Ý÷…™èl… ^ólçÜ$-Mø-Ð]lyýl… MýS†¢ Ò$§ýl ÝëÐól$!

D ç³Ç-íܦ-™èl$ÌZÏ Ð]l*Æ>YË VýS$Ç…_ ™ðlË$-çÜ$-MýS$…§é…..

MðSÈÆŠæ OVðSyðl¯ŒæÞ

Ððl$Ƈ¬ÌŒæ AËÆŠ‡t õÜÐ]lË$

ÝùçÙÌŒæ ¯ðlsŒæ-Ð]l-ÇP…VŠS OòÜr$Ï "g껌æ Bç³Û¯Œ ' MýS*yé {ç³Ðól-Ô¶æò³-sêtƇ¬. {´÷OòœÌŒæ, MîS íÜPÌŒæÞ B«§é-Æý‡…V> E§øÅVýS çÜÐ]l*^éÆý‡… A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë çßZ…õ³iÌZ A…§ýl$-»ê-r$ÌZ E…r$…¨. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… g껌æ òÜÆŠ‡a ´ùÆý‡t-ÌŒæÞÌZ MýS*yé E§øÅ-V>-Ð]l-M>-Ô>-ËMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…-_¯]l çÜÐ]l*-^éÆý‡… ´÷…§ýl$-ç³-Æý‡$-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æý‡$. A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë Æð‡þÅ-Ððl$¯]l$, O¯ðlç³#-×êÅ-˯]l$ ÐésìæÌZ A‹³-ÌZyŠl ^ólíÜ.. çÜÇ-ç³yól E§øÅ-V>Ë$ Ìôæ§é çÜ…çÜ¦Ë ÑÐ]l-Æ>Ë$ ™ðlË$-çÜ$-Mø-Ð]l^èl$a. D Ððl»Œæ-OòÜrÏÌZ Ð]l¬QÅ…V> MîS&-íÜPÌŒæÞ, ç³°-^ól-Ķæ$-yé-°MìS BçÜMìS¢ VýSË {糧ólÔ¶æ…

(Place of Interest) ÑçÙ-Ķæ$…ÌZ {´ë«§ýl-Ð]l*Å-˯]l$ gê{VýS-™èl¢V> ´÷…§ýl$-ç³-Æ>aÍ. D g껌æ-òÜÆŠ‡a Ððl»Œæ-OòÜr$Ï "A-yéÓ¯ŒlzÞ òÜÆŠ‡a' õ³Æý‡$™ø E§øÅ-V>-¯ólÓ-çÙ×æ ^ólõÜ ÐéÇMìS Ð]l$…_ AÐ]l-M>-Ô>Ë$ MýS͵-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬.

A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë {´ë«§ýl-Ð]l*Å-ËMýS$ A¯]l$-VýS$-×æ…V> E§øÅ-V>-Ð]l-M>-Ô>Ë ÑÐ]l-Æ>˯]l$ A…¨-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬.

C…r-Æý‡²ÌŒæ Ççœ-Æý‡ÌŒæÞ

¡çÜ$MøÐéÍÞ¯]l gê{VýS-™èl¢Ë$

Csîæ-Ð]lË E§øÅ-V>Ë ¿¶æÈ¢MìS çÜ…çܦË$ A¯]l$-çÜ-Ç-çÜ$¢¯]l² Ñ«§é¯]l…..

C…r-Æý‡²ÌŒæ Ççœ-Æý‡ÌŒæÞ. çÜ…çܦÌZ RêäË$ HÆý‡µ-yýl-V>¯ól Ðésìæ VýS$Ç…_ ™èlÐ]l$ íܺ¾…-¨MìS ™ðlÍ-Ķæ$-gôæíÜ.. AÆý‡$á-OÌñæ¯]l ÐéÇ° íܸëÆý‡$Þ ^ólĶæ*-Ë° MøÆý‡$-™èl$-¯é²Æ‡¬. E§øÅ-V>-¯ólÓ-çÙ-×æÌZ E¯]l²-Ðé-ÇMìS C¨ G…™èl-V>¯ø Eç³-Äñæ*-VýS-ç³-yýl$-™èl$…¨. AÌêVóS C…r-ÆŠ‡²-íÙ‹³ çÜÐ]l$-Ķæ$…ÌZ HÆý‡µyól ç³Ç-^èl-Ķæ*Ë$ {´÷òœ-çÙ-¯]lÌŒæ ѧéÅ-Æý‡$¦-ËMýS$ ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ^éÌê Ðól$Ë$ ^ólÝë¢Æ‡¬. C…r-ÆŠ‡²V> E¯]l²-糚yýl$ çÜ…çܦ-ÌZÏ° E¯]l²-™é-«¨-M>-Æý‡$Ë$, Ñ¿ê-V>Ë A«¨-ç³-™èl$Ë$, E§øÅ-VýS$-Ë™ø ç³Ç-^èl-Ķæ*Ë$ HÆý‡µ-yýl-™éƇ¬. Òsìæ° ¿¶æÑ-çÙÅ-™èl$¢ÌZ AÐ]lçÜÆ>ËMýS$ Ñ°-Äñæ*-W…-^èl$-Mø-Ð]l^èl$a. ©°-MìS™øyýl$ C…r-ÆŠ‡²-íÙ-‹³ÌZ Ð]l$…_ {糆¿¶æ MýS¯]l-º-ÇõÜ¢ B çÜ…çܦ-ÌZ¯ól E§øÅVýS… ´÷…§ól AÐ]l-M>Ô¶æ… MýS*yé E…r$…¨.

■

■

■

■ ■

g껌æ òÜÆŠ‡a ´ùÆý‡t-ÌŒæÞ-ÌZ° A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦-ËMýS$ BĶæ* Ððl»Œæ-OòÜr$Ï Ððl$Ƈ¬ÌŒæ AËÆŠ‡t õÜÐ]lË$ A…¨-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. {MìSÄôæ$sŒæ AËÆŠ‡t Bç³Û¯]lÏ §éÓÆ> ÑÐ]l-Æ>Ë$ A…¨…-_-¯]l-Ðé-ÇMìS A¯]l$-VýS$-×æ…V> E§øÅ-V>Ë çÜÐ]l*-^éÆý‡… Ððl$Ƈ¬-ÌŒæMýS$ ç³…ç³#-™èl$-¯é²Æý‡$. ™èl§éÓÆ> A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦-ËMýS$ ÑË$-OÐðl¯]l çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$… B§é AÐ]l#-™èl$…¨.

MýS¯]lÞ-Ìñæt-±ÞË õÜÐ]lË$ VýS™èl…ÌZ MýS¯]lÞ-Ìñæt-±ÞË$ A°² Æý‡…V>-ËMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…-_¯]l E§øÅ-V>-Ð]l-M>-Ô>Ë VýS$Ç…_ çÜÐ]l*-^éÆý‡… A…¨…-^ólÑ. ¯ðlsŒæ Ñ°-Äñæ*VýS… ò³Æý‡-VýS-yýl…™ø Òsìæ {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… Mö…™èl ™èlWY¯é M>Ìê-¯]l$-VýS$-×æ…V> AÑ Mö™èl¢ Æý‡*ç³# çÜ…™èl-Ç…-^èl$-MýS$…-r$-¯é²Æ‡¬. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… Æý‡…V>Ë ÐéÈV> {ç³™ólÅMýS MýS¯]lÞ-Ìñæt-±ÞË$ HÆ>µ-r-Ð]l#-™èl$-¯é²Æ‡¬. ™èl§éÓÆ> E§øÅ-V>-¯ólÓ-çÙ-×æÌZ E¯]l²-Ðé-ÇMìS õÜÐ]lË$ A…¨-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. D MýS¯]lÞ-Ìñæt-±ÞË$ E§øÅVýS çÜÐ]l*-^é-Æ>°² Ý÷…™èl Ððl»Œæ-OòÜrÏ §éÓÆ> Æý‡…V>Ë$, ç³° A¯]l$-¿¶æÐ]l…, Ðól™èl¯]l… Ð]l…sìæ A…Ô>Ë {´ë†-ç³-¨-MýS¯]l A…§ýl$-»ê-r$ÌZ E…^èl$™èl$-¯é²Æ‡¬. A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ Ð]l¬…§ýl$V> D Ððl»Œæ-OòÜ-rÏ-ÌZ° çÜÐ]l*-^é-Æ>°² ^èl*íÜ.. çÜ…º…-«¨™èl MýS¯]lÞ-Ìñæt-±Þ° ¯ólÆý‡$V> çÜ…{ç³-¨õÜ¢ Ð]l$…_¨.

{´÷OòœÌŒæ A‹³-yól-çÙ¯Œ

C…-r-Æð‡²-sŒæÌZ E§øÅVýS… Ððl¨-MóS-r-糚yýl$ AçÜË$ õ³Æý‡$¯ól ÐéyéÍ. g껌æ-OòÜ-rÏÌZ AçÜË$ õ³Æý‡$-™ø¯ól ¯]lÐðl*§ýl$ ^ólçÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. sìæÓrÆŠæ, õœ‹Ü-º$-MŠS-ÌZ¯]l* AçÜË$ õ³Æý‡$¯ól Eç³Äñæ*WçÜ*¢ Ò$Æý‡$ E§øÅ-V>-¯ólÓ-çÙ-×æÌZ E¯]l²r$Ï C™èl-Æý‡$-ËMýS$ ™ðlÍ-õÜÌê ^ólĶæ*Í. Ò$MýS$ ¯]l_a¯]l g껌æ AyýlÓ-Æý‡t-Ƈ¬-gŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæ Í…MýS$Ë$ MýS*yé CÐöÓ^èl$a. yìl-h-rÌŒæ, Ñk-Ð]lÌŒæ ïÜÒ° íܧýl®… ^ólçÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. ©°² AÐ]l-çÜ-Æý‡-OÐðl$-¯]l糚yýl$ ÝùçÙÌŒæ Ò$yìl-Ķæ*ÌZ ´ù‹Üt ^ólĶæ$-Ð]l^èl$a.

A°² Ñ¿ê-V>-Ë ÎyýlÆý‡$Ï, {´÷òœ-çÙ-¯]l-ÌŒæÞ¯]l$ A¯]l$-çÜ-Ç-çÜ$¢…-yéÍ. ïÜ-°-Ķæ$-Æý‡Ï¯]l$, g껌æ òÜÆŠ‡aMýS$ Ð]l*Æý‡Y… ^èl*õ³-Ðé-Ç° Ñ${™èl$-Ë$V> ^ólçÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ.

íÜPÌŒ yðlÐ]lË‹³Ððl$…sŒ

E§øÅ-V>-¯ólÓ-çÙ-×æÌZ E¯]l²-ÐéÆý‡$ Ððl»Œæ-OòÜ-rϯ]l$ Ñ°-W…^èl$-MýS$…-r$-¯]l²-ç³µ-sìæMîS.. {´÷Oòœ-ÌŒæÞ° A‹³-yólsŒæ ^ólĶæ$yýl… Ìôæ§ýl$. C¨ çÜÇ-M>§ýl$. {´÷Oòœ-ÌŒæ¯]l$ ™èlĶæ*Æý‡$ ^ólçÜ$-MýS$° Æð‡þÅ-Ððl$¯]l$ A‹³-ÌZyŠl ^ólíܯ]l ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ¯ðlË-Mö-MýS-ÝëOÆð‡¯é §é°² Ððl$Æý‡$-VýS$-ç³-Æý‡-^éÍ. D Ð]lÅÐ]l-«¨ÌZ Mö™èl¢V> ¯ólÆý‡$a-MýS$¯]l² O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË ÑÐ]l-Æ>-˯]l$ f™èl-^ól-Ķæ*Í. ©°-MìS-™øyýl$ gê»Œæ ´ùÆý‡tÌŒæÞ A…¨-çÜ$¢¯]l² "Ð]lNÅ Bç³Û-¯Œl' (C-ç³µsìæ Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ {´÷Oòœ-ÌŒæ¯]l$ G…™èl-Ð]l$…¨ ^èl*Ô>-Æý‡$-)¯]l$ ™èl°T ^ólçÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ.

¯]lyìl Ð]lĶæ$çÜ$ÌZ...

O¯ðlç³#-×êÅ-ËMýS$ ¯]lW-ïÙË$ {ç³™éÅ-Ð]l*²Ä¶æ$ Ð]l*Æ>Y-Ë-Oò³¯é §ýl–íÙt

Ķæ*…{¡-MýS-Æý‡-×æ™ø çÜ…çܦÌZÏ Ð]l*¯]lÐ]l {ç³Ðól$Ķæ$… ™èlVýS$Y-™ø…¨.. ò³Æý‡$-VýS$-™èl$¯]l² MöË$-Ð]l#Ë Mø™èl.. Ð]l¬QÅ…V> Isîæ Æý‡…VýS…ÌZ.. Ð]l$«§ýlÅ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ E§øÅ-VýS$-ËOò³ {糆-MýS*Ë {糿êÐ]l….. ïÜ°-Ķæ$-Æý‡ÏMýS$ í³…MŠS íÜÏ‹³Ë$ gêÈ..

Csîæ-Ð]lË ç³Ë$ °Ä¶æ*-Ð]l$MýS Hgñæ-±ÞË$, MýS¯]lÞ-Ít…VŠS çÜ…çܦË$ VýS×ê…-M>Ë çÜíßæ-™èl…V> ÐðlËÏ-yìl-çÜ$¢¯]l² çÜÐ]l*-^éÆý‡… C¨. B Æý‡…V>-ÌZÏ° °ç³#-×æ$Ë$ OòÜ™èl… C§ól AÀ-{´ëĶæ$… Ð]lÅMýS¢… ^ólçÜ$¢-¯é²Æý‡$. ©…™ø 糨, 糨-õßæ-¯ólâ¶æÏ A¯]l$-¿¶æÐ]l… VýSyìl…-_¯]l, ¯éË$VýS$ 糧ýl$Ë Ð]lĶæ$çÜ$ E§øÅ-VýS$ÌZÏ ¡{Ð]l A¿¶æ-{§ýl-™é-¿êÐ]l…, B…§ø-â¶æ¯]l MýS°-í³-Ýù¢…¨.SD ¯ólç³-£ýlÅ…ÌZ.. Ñ$yìlÌŒæ ÌñæÐ]lÌŒæ GWj-MýS*Å-sìæÐŒlÞ MðSÈÆŠ‡ Ð]l$¯]l$-VýS-yýlMýS$ çÜË-àË$, çÜ*^èl-¯]lË$..

O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË ÌôæÑ$ M>Æý‡-×æÐ]l*?

HI Ķæ¬VýS…

A°² Æý‡…V>-ÌZÏ° çÜ…çܦË$ Mö™èl¢ Ýë…MóS-†-MýS-™èl¯]l$ A…¨-ç³#-^èl$aMýS$°.. ™èlMýS$PÐ]l Ð]l*¯]lÐ]l Ð]l¯]l-Æý‡$-Ë™ø¯ól A«¨MýS E™èlµ†¢, õÜÐ]lË MøçÜ… {ç³Ä¶æ$-†²-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. ™èlÐ]l$ MýSÏƇ¬…sŒæ çÜ…çܦË$, Ñ°-Äñæ*-VýS-§éÆý‡$-ËMýS$ Ððl$Æý‡$-OVðS¯]l õÜÐ]lË…¨…_ Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæ ´ùsîæÌZ Ð]l¬…§ýl…-fÌZ E…yé-Ë° ¿êÑ-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬.

A…§ýl$MóS Mö™èl¢ O¯ðlç³#-×êÅ-Ë$-¯]l²-Ðé-ÇMóS ò³§ýlª-ï³r ÐólçÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. CsîæÐ]lË MýS…ò³-±Ë$ gêÈ ^ólçÜ$¢¯]l² í³…MŠS íÜÏ‹³Ë {糿êÐ]l… GMýS$PÐ]lV> Ð]l$«§ýlÅ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ GWj-MýS*Å-sìæ-ÐŒlÞ-Oò³¯ól E…yýl-sê-°MìS ÐéÇÌZ O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË ÌôæÑ$ JMýS Ð]l¬QÅ M>Æý‡-×æ-Ð]l$° ¿êÑ-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æý‡$.

{ç³çÜ$¢™èl BÇt-íœ-íÙ-Ķæ$ÌŒæ C…sñæ-Í-gñ毌lÞ (H-I) Ķæ¬VýS…ÌZ Ð]l$«§ýlÅ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ GWj-MýS*Å-sìæÐŒlÞ MðSÈ-ÆŠ‡¯]l$ çÜ$íܦ-Æý‡…V> E…^èl$-Mø-Ðé-Ë…sôæ.. O¯ðlç³#×êÅ-ËMýS$ 糧ýl$¯]l$ ò³r$t-Mø-Ð]lyýl…, A™èlÅ…™èl çÜÐ]l$-Æý‡¦…V> Ð]lÅÐ]l-çßæ-Ç…^èlyýl… AË-Ð]l-Æý‡-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. HI MóSÐ]lË… Isîæ Æý‡…V>-°MóS ç³Ç-Ñ$™èl…

M>MýS.. Oòœ¯é-°Û-Ķæ$ÌŒæ çÜÈÓ-òÜ‹Ü ¯]l$…_ E™èlµ†¢, ™èlĶæ*È, õÜÐ]lË$, ¸ëÆ>Ã.. CÌê {糆-Æý‡…-VýS…-ÌZ¯]l* A…™èl-Æ>Â-VýS…V> Ð]l*Ç-´ù-™ø…¨.

Isîæ.. Ð]l$Ç…™èl A{ç³-Ð]l$™èl¢…

Isîæ Æý‡…VýS…-ÌZ° Ð]l$«§ýlÅ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ GWj-MýS*Å-sìæÐŒlÞ Ð]l$Ç…™èl A{ç³-Ð]l$-™èl¢…V> Ððl$Ë-V>-Ë° °ç³#-×æ$Ë$ õ³ÆöP…-r$-¯é²Æý‡$. Ð]l$¯]l §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ VýS™ól-yé¨ M>Ë…V> D §ýlÔ¶æ-ÌZ° ÐéÆý‡$ §é§éç³# 70 ÐólË Ð]l$…¨ í³…MŠS íÜÏ‹³Ë$ A…§ýl$-MýS$-¯]l²r$Ï çÜÆó‡ÓË A…^èl¯é. D ¯ólç³-£ýlÅ…ÌZ ÒÆý‡…™é ™èlÐ]l$ MýS…ò³-±Ë$ AÐ]l-Ë…-¼-çÜ$¢¯]l² Mö™èl¢ sñæM>²-Ë-iË VýS$Ç…_ ™ðlË$-çÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. A…§ýl$MýS$ AÐ]l-çÜ-Æý‡-OÐðl$¯]l O¯ðlç³#-×êÅ-ËOò³ ç³r$t Ý뫨…-^éÍ. Isîæ Æý‡…VýS E§øÅ-VýS$Ë$ {糫§é¯]l…V> MúÏyŠl MýS…ç³NÅ-sìæ…VŠS, ¼VŠS yólsê, yólsê OÐðl$°…VŠS, yólsê A¯é-Í-íÜ‹Ü, OòܺƊ‡ òÜMýS*Å-Çsîæ Ð]l…sìæ íÜPÌŒæÞ Ý÷…™èl… ^ólçÜ$-MýS$¯ól…-§ýl$MýS$ MýS–íÙ ^ólĶæ*Í.

´÷…§é-ÍÞ¯]l íÜPÌŒæÞ CÐól ● ●

● ● ●

C…-r-Æð‡²sŒæ B‹œ ¤…VŠSÞOò³ AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l. ¼VŠS yólsê, yólsê A¯é-Í-íÜ-‹Ü-ËOò³ ¯ólÆý‡$µ. Æø-»Z-sìæMŠS sñæM>²-Ë-i-‹ÜÌZ ÝëÐ]l$Æý‡¦Å….

MúÏyŠl MýS…ç³NÅ-sìæ…VŠS O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË$. È-òÜÆŠ‡a KÇ-Äñæ$…-sôæ-çÙ¯Œl.

°Æý‡…-™èlÆý‡… ¯ólÆý‡$a-MýS$…r*..

Oò³¯]l õ³ÆöP¯]l² A…Ô>Ë$ A…§ýl$-Mø-Ð]l-yé-°MìS ç³Ë$ Ð]l*Æ>YË$ A…§ýl$-»ê-r$-ÌZMìS Ð]lçÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. C¯Œl-íÜt-r*ÅsŒæÞ D íÜPÌŒæÞOò³ çÜÇt-íœ-MðSsŒæ MøÆý‡$ÞË$ BçœÆŠ‡ ^ólçÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. Òsìæ-§éÓÆ> Mö™èl¢ Ýë…MóS-†-MýS-™èl¯]l$ A…¨ç³#-^èl$a-MýS$¯ól {ç³Ä¶æ$™èl²… ^ólĶæ*Í. ©…™ø-´ër$ °Æý‡…-™èlÆý‡… ¯ólÆý‡$aMýS$…r* E…yól §ýl–MýSµ-£é°² MýS*yé AË-Ð]l-Æý‡$a-Mø-ÐéÍ. º–…§é-°MìS MóSsê-Ƈ¬…-_¯]l sê‹ÜP ç³Æý‡…V> A¯]l$-çÜ-Ç…-^é-ÍÞ¯]l {´ë£ýl-Ñ$MýS Ñ«§é-¯éË™ø ´ër$.. A…§ýl$MýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_ Mö™èl¢V>, çÜ$Ë-¿¶æ…V> E¯]l² Ð]l*Æ>YË VýS$Ç…_ °Æý‡…-™èlÆý‡… A¯ólÓ-íÙçÜ*¢ E…yéÍ.

çܵÆý‡®Ä¶æ* Ð]lÆý‡®™ól ѧýlÅ

»Z ÆŠæz

AÝëÞ… Mø Bç³Æó‡sìæÐŒl Bò³MŠSÞ »êÅ…MŠSÌZ 55 RêäË$

B¯Œl-OÌñ毌l Ðól¨-MýSV>..

^éÌê-Ð]l$…¨ E§øÅVýS ¯øsìæ-íœ-MóS-çÙ¯Œl ^èl*íÜ, Æð‡þÅÐðl$ ¸ëÆý‡ÓÆŠ‡z ^ólĶæ$-yé-°MóS ç³Ç-Ñ$-™èl-Ð]l$-Ð]l#™éÆý‡$. A…™èl-sìæ-™ø¯ól ™èlÐ]l$ ç³° AƇ¬-´ù-Ƈ¬…-§ýl-¯]l$-MýS$…sêÆý‡$. CMýSPyól A…§ýl-ÇÌê M>MýS$…yé À¯]l²…V> BÌZ-_…-^éÍ. g껌æ Ð]l*Æð‡P-sŒæÌZ Ñ$Ð]l$ÃͲ Ò$Æý‡$ JMýS {»ê…yŠlV> ç³Ç-^èlĶæ$… ^ólçÜ$-MøÐéÍ. A…sôæ.. JMýS çÜ…çܦ ™èl¯]l E™èlµ-™èl$¢-˯]l$ Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæ ^ólçÜ$-Mø-Ð]l-yé-°MìS GÌê…sìæ Ð]lNÅà-˯]l$ A¯]l$-çÜ-Ç-çÜ$¢…§ø A§ól ™èlÆý‡-àÌZ Ñ$Ð]l$ÃͲ Ò$Æý‡$ {ç³Ððl*sŒæ ^ólçÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. AÆý‡á-™èlË$, O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË$ B«§é-Æý‡…V> Ò$MýS…r* JMýS CÐól$gŒæ Æý‡*´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ.

B¨ÐéÆý‡… 17-9-2017

º$ Ìñæ sìæ ¯Œ

E§øÅV>¯ólÓçÙ×æ Ð]l*Æ>YË$

Ò$MýS$ Ò$Æó‡ {»ê…yŠl

15

G°² O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË$ ´÷…¨¯é.. Mö°² çÜ…§ýlÆ>ÂÌZÏ çÜ…çÜ¦Ë M>‹Üt MýSsìæ…VŠS Ñ«§é-¯éË M>Æý‡-×æ…V> í³…MŠS íÜÏ‹³ A…§ýl$-Mø-Ðé-ÍÞ¯]l ç³Ç-íܦ-™èl$Ë$ OòÜ™èl…

G§ýl$-Æý‡$-M>-Ðö^èl$a. CÌê…-r-糚yýl$ Ð]l*¯]l-íÜ-MýS…V> MýS$…W-´ù-MýS$…yé Ð]l¬…§ýl$¯]l² {ç³™éÅ-Ð]l*²Ä¶æ$ Ð]l*Æ>Y-ËOò³ §ýl–íÙt-Ýë-Ç…-^éÍ. JMýS çÜ…çܦÌZ í³…MŠS íÜÏ‹³ gêÈ AƇ¬¯]l Ððl…r¯ól Ð]l$Æø MýS…ò³-±ÌZ E§øÅVýS… ËÀ…-^èlyýl… A…™èl çÜ$Ë$Ð]l# M>§ýl$. Mö™èl¢ E§øÅVýS Ý뫧ýl-¯]lÌZ ¿êVýS…V> Mö¨ª-M>Ë… ÑÆ>Ð]l$…

HÆý‡µ-yìl¯é B…§ø-â¶æ¯]l ^ðl…§ýl-MýS$…yé {ç³Ä¶æ$-™é²Ë$ ÝëW…-^éÍ. B {MýSÐ]l$…ÌZ...

■ ™èlÐ]l$ O¯ðlç³#-×êÅ-ËMýS$ çÜÇ-™èl*VóS C™èlÆý‡ çÜ…çÜ¦Ë VýS$Ç…_ A¯ólÓ-íÙ…-^éÍ.

■ B çÜ…çܦË$ ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡ M>Æý‡Å-MýS-Ìê-´ëË ¨Ô¶æV> {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… A¯]l$-çÜ-Ç-çÜ$¢¯]l² Ñ«§é-¯éË VýS$Ç…_ ™ðlË$-çÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ.

■ AÑ MýS*yé Mö™èl¢ O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË »êr ç³yýl$™èl$…sôæ.. Ðésìæ VýS$Ç…_ AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l HÆý‡µ-Æý‡-^èl$Mø-ÐéÍ.

■ í³…MŠS íÜÏ‹³ A…¨¯]l ™èlÆ>Ó™èl B…§ø-â¶æ¯]l ^ðl…§ýlMýS$…yé _¯]l² çÜ…çܦÌZ E§øÅVýS… ^ólõÜ…-§ýl$-OMðS¯é çÜ…íÜ-§ýl®…V> E…yéÍ.

{ïœÌê-°Þ…VŠS E§øÅVýS Ý뫧ýl¯]l ç³Æý‡…V> ™èlÌñæ-†¢¯]l ÑÆ>Ð]l$ çÜÐ]l$-Ķæ$…ÌZ ¯]l*™èl¯]l Ýë…MóS-†MýS-™èlOò³ Õ„ýS×æ ¡çÜ$-Mø-Ð]l-yýl…™ø ´ër$..

Aç³µ-sìæMóS ™èlÐ]l$MýS$ çÜÇ-™èl*VóS çÜ…çܦ-ËMýS$ {ïœÌê-°Þ…VŠS Ñ«§é-¯]l…ÌZ ç³°-^ólõÜ AÐ]lM>-Ô>-˯]l$ OòÜ™èl… A¯ólÓ-íÙ…-^éÍ. çœÍ-™èl…V> Cr$ E§øÅVýS… Ìôæ§ýl¯ól B…§ø-â¶æ¯]l ™èlVýS$Y-™èl$…¨. Ð]l$Æø-OÐðlç³# ™égê O¯ðlç³#-×êÅÌOò³ Õ„ýS×æ ´÷…§ól AÐ]l-M>Ô¶æ… OòÜ™èl…

A…§ýl$-»ê-r$ÌZ E…r$…¨.

ÝùçÙÌŒæ ¯ðlsŒæ-Ð]lÆŠ‡P E§øÅVýS Ý뫧ýl-¯]lÌZ A…§ýl$-»ê-r$ÌZ E¯]l² Ð]l$Æø {糫§é¯]l Ð]l*Æý‡Y….. ÝùçÙÌŒæ ¯ðlsŒæ-Ð]lÆŠ‡P. ©°² Ñ°-Äñæ*-W…-^èl$-Mø-Ð]lyýl… §éÓÆ> ïÜ°-Ķæ$Æý‡$Ï, B Æý‡…VýS…-ÌZ° C™èlÆý‡ °ç³#-×æ$-Ë™ø çÜ…{ç³-¨çÜ*¢.. AÐ]lM>-Ô>Ë VýS$Ç…_ A¯ólÓ-çÙ×æ ÝëW…-^éÍ. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl ç³Ç-íܦ-†° ïÜ°-Ķæ$-Æý‡ÏMýS$ ™ðlÍ-Ķæ$-gôæíÜ.. ÐéÇ çÜË-àË$, çÜ*^èl-¯]l-Ë™ø Ð]l¬…§ýl$-MýS$-Ýë-V>Í. Æð‡þÅÐðl$ ™égêV> MýS°-í³…-^ólÌê ^èl*çÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. gê»Œæ ´ùÆý‡t-ÌŒæÞÌZ¯]l* AÐ]l-M>-Ô>Ë çÜÐ]l*-^éÆý‡… ËÀ-Ýù¢…¨.

ÒsìæÌZ O¯ðlç³#-×êÅ-Ë™ø MýS*yìl¯]l ÑÐ]l-Æ>-˯]l$ ¯]lÐðl*§ýl$ ^ólĶæ$yýl… §éÓÆ> çÜÇ-™èl*VóS E§øÅ-V>Ë VýS$Ç…_ ™ðlË$-çÜ$-MýS$¯ól ÒË$ ËÀ-çÜ$¢…¨.

´÷§ýl$-ç³#V> Ð]l¬…§ýl$MýS$ Ð]l$Æø E§øÅVýS… ËÀ…^ól Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ MýS$r$…º ´ùçÙ×æ ç³Æý‡…V> AÐ]l-çÜ-Æý‡-OÐðl$¯]l B§éĶæ$ Ð]l¯]l-Æý‡$-˯]l$ °ËÓ E…^èl$-MýS$¯ól Ñ«§ýl…V> Ð]lÅÐ]l-çßæ-Ç…-^éÍ. Ý뫧éÆý‡-×æ…V> í³…MŠS íÜÏ‹³ C_a¯]l çÜ…çܦË$ Æð‡…yýl$ ¯]l$…_ Ð]lÊyýl$ ¯ðlËË Ðól™èl-¯é°² ç³Ç-à-Æý‡…V> C^óla Ñ«§é¯]l… AÐ]l$Ë$ ^ólçÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. CÌê Ð]l_a¯]l ¯]lVýS§ýl$¯]l$ Mö™èl¢ E§øÅVýS… Ð]l^óla-Ð]l-Æý‡MýS$ ´÷§ýl$ç³# ^ólçÜ$MýS$…r* ÝëV>Í. ©°-Ð]lËÏ MýS$r$…º ç³Æý‡…V> G§ýl$Æý‡Äôæ$Å Ð]lÅĶæ*Ë$ ¿¶æÇ…^ól ÑçÙ-Ķæ$…ÌZ B…§ø-â¶æ¯]l ÌôæMýS$…yé Ð]l¬…§ýl$-MýS$-Ýë-Vö^èl$a.

CÒ VýS×ê…M>Ë$ ■

■

sîæÐŒl$ ÎgŒæ çÜ…çܦ A…^èl¯é {ç³M>-Æý‡…& Isîæ çÜ…çܦÌZÏ Ñ$yìlÌŒæ ÌñæÐ]l-ÌŒæÌZ í³…MŠS íÜÏ‹³Ë$ A…§ýl$MýS$…-r$¯]l² E§øÅ-VýS$Ë çÜ…QÅ 30 ¯]l$…_ 40 Ô>™èl… Ð]l$«§ýlÅ E…sZ…¨.

7-0- Ô>™èl… çÜ…çܦË$.. ¯]l*™èl¯]l O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË ÌôæÑ$ A¯ól M>Æý‡-×æ…-™ø¯ól Ñ$yìlÌŒæ ÌñæÐ]lÌŒæ GWj-MýS*Å-sìæÐŒlÞ¯]l$ ™öË-W-çÜ$¢-¯é²-Ķæ$° OsñæÐŒl$Þ g껌æÞ ÈòÜÆŠ‡a °Ðól-¨MýS õ³ÆöP…¨.

■ 40 ¯]l$…_ 50 Ô>™èl… çÜ…çÜË ¦ $ ™èlÐ]l$ E§øÅ-VýS$ÌZÏ Mö™èl¢ O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË$ ò³…´÷…§ólÌê È&-íÜP-ÍÏ…VŠS õ³Æý‡$™ø Õ„ýS×æ CçÜ$¢¯é²Æ‡¬.

■ Mö™èl¢ Ýë…MóS-†-MýS-™èlË M>Æý‡-×æ…V> E§øÅ-V>ÌZÏ Mø™èl Ñ«¨-çÜ$¢¯]l² çÜ…çܦÌZÏ Isîæ çÜ…çܦ-˧ólæ Ð]l¬…§ýl$ Ð]lÆý‡$çÜ.

❝

G¯ø² Ð]l*Æ>YË$

Mö™èl¢V> ¯ólÆý‡$aMýS$¯ól…§ýl$MýS$ C糚yýl$ G¯ø² Ð]l*Æ>YË$ A…§ýl$-»ê-r$ÌZ E¯é²Æ‡¬. í³…MŠS íÜÏ‹³Ë ç³Ç-íܦ† ™èlÌñæ-™èl¢-MýS-Ð]l¬…§ól ÒsìæÌZ Õ„ýS×æ ´÷…§ól Ñ«§ýl…V> Ñ$yìlÌŒæ ÌñæÐ]lÌŒæ GWj-MýS*Å-sìæÐŒlÞ Ð]lÅMìS¢-VýS-™èl…V> Ð]lNÅàË$ Æý‡*´÷…-¨…-^èl$-MøÐéÍ. ¯ólsìæ Ķæ¬Ð]l-™èl™ø ´ùsîæ ç³yól Ñ«§ýl…V> È&-íÜP-ÍÏ…VŠS ÑçÙ-Ķæ$…ÌZ Ð]l¬…§ýl…-fÌZ °Ë-ÐéÍ. A糚yýl$ GÌê…sìæ Cº¾…-§ýl$Ë$ ÌôæMýS$…yé çÜ$©Æý‡ƒ M>Ë… MðSÈ-ÆŠ‡ÌZ Ð]l$¯]l$-VýSyýl ÝëW…-^ö^èl$a. & A°…§ýlÅ, iG…, OÐðl$…yŠl {sîæ sñæM>²-Ë-i‹Ü.

¨ AÝëÞ… Mø Bç³Æó‡sìæÐŒl Aò³MŠSÞ »êÅ…MŠS ÍÑ$sñæyŠl.. 55 RêäË ¿¶æÈ¢MìS §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢Ë$ MøÆý‡$™èl* {ç³MýSr¯]l ÐðlË$Ð]lÇ…_…¨. ❖ ´ùçÜ$t õ³Æý‡$&RêäË$: M>…{sêMýS$aÐ]lÌŒæ {´÷»ôæçÙ¯]lÈ BïœçÜÆŠ‡&20; M>…{sêMýS$aÐ]lÌŒæ AíÜòÜt…sŒæ MýSÐŒl$ AíÜòÜt…sŒæ M>ÅíÙĶæ$ÆŠ‡&35. ❖ Ðól™èl¯]l…: M>…{sêMýS$aÐ]lÌŒæ {´÷»ôæçÙ¯]lÈ BïœçÜÆŠ‡&Æý‡*.25 ÐólË$; M>…{sêMýS$aÐ]lÌŒæ AíÜòÜt…sŒæ MýSÐŒl$ AíÜòÜt…sŒæ M>ÅíÙĶæ$ÆŠ‡&Æý‡*.15 ÐólË$ ❖ AÆý‡á™èlË$: çÜ…º…«¨™èl ´ùçÜ$t˯]l$ A¯]l$çÜÇ…_ HO§ðl¯é yìl{X/ï³i.

G…½H, ïÜH, C…f±Ç…VŠS, G…ïÜH, A{WMýSËaÆý‡ÌŒæ ™èl™èlÞÐ]l*¯]l ѧýlÅ. ©…™ø´ër$ MýS…ç³NÅrÆŠ‡ ç³Çgêq¯]l…, »êÅ…MìS…VŠS/Oòœ¯é°ÛĶæ$ÌŒæ C¯ŒlíÜtr*ÅçÙ¯ŒlÞ/{sñæfÈ Ðól$¯ólgŒæÐðl$…sŒæÌZ Æð‡…yólâ¶æÏ E§øÅV>¯]l$¿¶æÐ]l…. ❖ Ð]lÄñæ* ç³ÇÑ$†: 2017, òÜò³t…ºÆŠ‡ 1 ¯ésìæMìS M>…{sêMýS$aÐ]lÌŒæ {´÷»ôæçÙ¯]lÈ BïœçÜÆŠ‡MýS$ 23&28 Hâ¶æÏ ÌZç³#, M>…{sêMýS$aÐ]lÌŒæ AíÜòÜt…sŒæ MýSÐŒl$ AíÜòÜt…sŒæ M>ÅíÙĶæ$ÆŠ‡MýS$ 21& 26 Hâ¶æÏÌZç³# E…yéÍ. ❖ G…í³MýS Ñ«§é¯]l…: ÚëÆŠ‡t ÍíÜt…VŠS ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ïœk: Æý‡*.300. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ Ñ«§é¯]l…: B‹œOÌñæ¯øÏ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ^ólçÜ$MøÐéÍ. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ M>ï³Ë$ ^ólÆ>ÍÞ¯]l _Æý‡$¯éÐ]l*: ¨ Ðól$¯ólh…VŠS OyðlÆð‡MýStÆŠ‡, ¨ AÝëÞ… Mø Bç³Æó‡sìæÐŒl Aò³MŠSÞ »êÅ…MŠS ÍÑ$sñæyŠl, òßæ.K.,´ë¯ŒlºgêÆŠ‡, òßæ^Œl.¼.ÆøyŠl, VýS$Ðéçßæsìæ&781001, M>ÐŒl$Æý‡*‹³ (G…), AÝù… . ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢Ë$ ^ólÆý‡yé°MìS _Ð]lÇ ™ól©: òÜò³t…ºÆŠ‡ 28, 2017. ❖ Ððl»ŒæOòÜsŒæ: www.apexbankassam.com

Æ>ïىĶæ$ MðSÑ$MýSÌŒæÞ A…yŠl òœÇtOÌñæfÆŠ‡Þ ÍÑ$sñæyŠlÌZ 14 RêäË$ Ð]l¬…O»ñæÌZ° Æ>ïىĶæ$ MðSÑ$MýSÌŒæÞ A…yŠl òœÇtOÌñæfÆŠ‡Þ ÍÑ$sñæyŠl.. 14 RêäË ¿¶æÈ¢MìS §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢Ë$ MøÆý‡$™ø…¨. ❖ ´ùçÜ$t õ³Æý‡$: BïœçÜÆŠ‡ ❖ Ñ¿êVýS…: Oòœ¯é¯ŒlÞ ❖ Ðól™èl¯]l…: Æý‡*.16,400&Æý‡*.40,500. ❖ AÆý‡á™èlË$: ïÜH/ïÜG…H/60 Ô>™èl… Ð]l*Æý‡$PË™ø ½M>ÐŒl$+G…½H/G…G…G‹Ü Ìôæ§é Oòœ¯é°ÛĶæ$ÌŒæ Ðól$¯ólgŒæÐðl$…sŒæÌZ ™èl™èlÞÐ]l*¯]l ï³i. ©…™ø´ër$ AMú…sìæ…VŠS, Oòœ¯é°ÛĶæ$ÌŒæ A…Ô>ÌZÏ MýS±çÜ… Æð‡…yólâ¶æÏ E§øÅV>¯]l$¿¶æÐ]l… ({sñæ•°…VŠS/C…rÆŠ‡²íÙ‹³/BÇtMýSÌŒæíÙ‹³ M>MýS$…yé), MýS…ç³NÅrÆŠ‡ ç³Çgêq¯]l… ™èlç³µ°çÜÇ. GïÜÞ/GïÜt MóSrWÈMìS Ð]l*Æý‡$PË Ô>™èl…ÌZ 5 Ô>™èl… Üç yýlÍ…ç³# E…¨. ❖ Ð]lÄñæ*ç³ÇÑ$†: 2017, òÜò³t…ºÆŠ‡ 1 ¯ésìæMìS 35 Hâ¶æ$Ï Ñ$…^èlMýS*yýl§ýl$. ÇfÆó‡ÓçÙ¯Œl °º…«§ýl¯]lË$ Ð]lÇ¢Ýë¢Æ‡¬. ❖ G…í³MýS Ñ«§é¯]l…: B¯ŒlOÌñ毌l ç³È„ýS, C…rÆý‡*ÓÅ. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ïœk: Æý‡*.700; GïÜÞ/GïÜt/ ¨ÐéÅ…VýS A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦ËMýS$ ïœk Ìôæ§ýl$. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ Ñ«§é¯]l…: B¯ŒlOÌñæ¯øÏ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ^ólçÜ$MøÐéÍ. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ËMýS$ _Ð]lÇ ™ól©: AMøtºÆŠ‡ 13, 2017. ❖ Ððl»ŒæOòÜsŒæ: www.rcfltd.com

¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ MøBç³Æó‡sìæÐŒl ĶæʰĶæ$¯Œl B‹œ C…yìlĶæ*ÌZ 12 RêäË$ ¯]l*ÅÉìlÎÏÌZ° ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ MøBç³Æó‡sìæÐŒl ĶæʰĶæ$¯Œl B‹œ C…yìlĶæ*(G¯ŒlïÜĶæÊI).. 12 RêäË ¿¶æÈ¢MìS §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢Ë$ MøÆý‡$™ø…¨. ❖ ´ùçÜ$t õ³Æý‡$&RêäË$: AíÜòÜt…sŒæ OyðlÆð‡MýStÆŠ‡&5; íßæ…© BïœçÜÆŠ‡&1; AíÜòÜt…sŒæ&2; ÌZĶæ$ÆŠ‡ yìlÑf¯Œl MýSÏÆŠ‡P&4. ❖ Ðól™èl¯]l…: AíÜòÜt…sŒæ OyðlÆð‡MýStÆŠ‡, íßæ…© BïœçÜÆŠ‡&Æý‡*.53,100&Æý‡*.1,67,800; AíÜòÜt…sŒæ&Æý‡*.35,400&Æý‡*.1,12,400; ÌZĶæ$ÆŠ‡ yìlÑf¯Œl MýSÏÆŠ‡P&Æý‡*.19,900&Æý‡*.63,200. ❖ AÆý‡á™èlË$: çÜ…º…«¨™èl ´ùçÜ$t˯]l$ A¯]l$çÜÇ…_ ï³i/ïÜH/IïÜyýlº*ÏÅH/yìl{X+Ìê (MøBç³Æó‡sìæÐŒl Ìê)/òßæ^ŒlyîlïÜG…/yîlïܽG…/Ð]l*çÜtÆŠ‡Þ yìl{X (íßæ…©/C…WÏ‹Ù)/yìl{X/yìl{X+MýS…ç³NÅrÆŠ‡ {sñæ•°…VŠSÌZ çÜÇtíœMðSsŒæ MøÆý‡$Þ)+Osñæí³…VŠS. AÌêVóS °º…«§ýl¯]lË Ðól$Æý‡ E§øÅV>¯]l$¿¶æÐ]l…, C…WÏ‹Ù ç³Çgêq¯]l….. ❖ Ð]lÄñæ*ç³ÇÑ$†: 2017, þOÌñæ 1 ¯ésìæMìS ÌZĶæ$ÆŠ‡ yìlÑf¯Œl MýSÏÆŠ‡P ´ùçÜ$tËMýS$ 25 Hâ¶æ$Ï, Ñ$Wͯ]l ´ùçÜ$tËMýS$ 35 Hâ¶æ$Ï Ñ$…^èlMýS*yýl§ýl$. ÇfÆó‡ÓçÙ¯Œl °º…«§ýl¯]lË$ Ð]lÇ¢Ýë¢Æ‡¬. ❖ G…í³MýS Ñ«§é¯]l…: ÚëÆŠ‡t ÍíÜt…VŠS, sñæ‹Üt/C…rÆý‡*ÓÅ. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ïœk: Æý‡*.500 (f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ/ K½ïÜ). ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ Ñ«§é¯]l…: B‹œOÌñæ¯øÏ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ^ólçÜ$MøÐéÍ. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢Ë$ ç³…´ëÍÞ¯]l _Æý‡$¯éÐ]l*: OyðlÆð‡MýStÆŠ‡ (ï³A…yŠlH), ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ MøBç³Æó‡sìæÐŒl ĶæʰĶæ$¯Œl B‹œ C…yìlĶæ*, 3, íÜÇ C¯ŒlíÜtr*ÅçÙ¯]lÌŒæ HÇĶæ*, AVýS‹Üt {M>…† Ð]l*ÆŠ‡Y, ¯]l*ÅÉìlÎÏ&110016. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢Ë$ ^ólÆý‡yé°MìS _Ð]lÇ ™ól©: AMøtºÆŠ‡ 16, 2017. ❖ Ððl»ŒæOòÜsŒæ: www.ncui.coop

ѧýlÅ

Portal Updates:

w w w. s a k s h i e d u c a t i o n . c o m OÐðlG-‹Ü-B-ÆŠ‡ h-ÌêÏ l ÝùÐ]l$ÐéÆý‡… l òÜò³t…ºÆŠæ l 18 l 2017

�

NG Ranga Agriculture University: AGRICET 2017 Results

�

BAMS, BHMS & BNYS Courses 2017-18 at DR. NTRUHS

�

Current Affairs Guidance (for all Exams) Video Lecture

13

{Ô¶æ§é®Ð鯌æ Ë¿¶æ™ól gêq¯]l…

Sakshi Vidya Online Edition www.sakshieducation.com/Vidya.aspx

Send your Feedback to..sakshieducation@gmail.com

¿êÆý ™èl§ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ A†ò³§ý ª MýS$sîæÆý‡ ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ H¨? ¼. }°Ðé‹Ü ç³sê²Ä¶æ$MŠæ çÜ»ñæjMýS$t °ç³#×æ$Ë$ Sky wizards IAS academy, Visakapatnam

Ð]l*¨Ç {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ 1.

2.

3.

4.

¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$ Ð]lÅĶæ$…, «§ýlÆý‡Ë gê¡Ä¶æ$ MýSÑ$çÙ¯Œæ¯]l$ Gç³#µyýl$ HÆ>µr$ ^ólÔ>Æý‡$?

1) 1961 3) 1965

2) 1962 4) 1968

¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ ´ëÇ{Ô>Ñ$MýS ¡Æ>ï]l… H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ ^ólÔ>Æý‡$?

1) 1950 3) 1948

2) 1949 4) 1947

çÜÐ]l$íÙt çÜç³ÏƇ¬ MýS…sôæ çÜÐ]l$íÙt yìlÐ]l*…yŠæ GMýS$PÐ]lV> E…sôæ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ ÑÆ>Ð]l*°MìS çÜ…º…«¨…_¯]l Ýë¦Æ‡¬ H¨?

1) A˵ E§øÅW™èl 2) ÐéçÜ¢Ð]l «§ýlÆý‡Ë$ 3) {ç³^èle¯]l² °Æý‡$§øÅW™èl 4) çÜ…ç³NÆý‡~ E§øÅW™èl ¿êÆý‡™èl§ólÔ¶æ… íܦÆý‡ Ð]l*Æý‡MýSç³# Æó‡r$¯]l$ H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ Ð]l¨ÌôæíÜ…¨?

1) 1970 2) 1975 3) 1980 4) 1995 5. 1960ÌZ AÐðl$ÇM> H M>Æý‡Å{MýSÐ]l$…

§éÓÆ> ¿êÆý‡™ŒæMýS$ BàÆý‡ çÜàĶæ$… ^ólíÜ…¨?

1) í³.GÌŒæ. 480 2) í³.GÌŒæ. 490 3) ¼.GÌŒæ. 480 4) H©M>§ýl$ 6. MóS…{§ýl, Æ>[çÙt, {´ë…¡Ä¶æ$ {糿¶æ$™éÓË$ ´ë˯é Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ¯]l$ A…¨…^ól ÑÑ«§ýl õÜÐ]lËMýS$ Eç³Äñæ*W…^ól {ç³™ólÅMýS Ýë‹œtÐólÆŠæ?

1) GOI MúÏyŠæ 2) GOI Ðól$çœ$§ýl*™Œæ 3) GOI õÜÐé§ýl*™Œæ 4) H©M>§ýl$ 7. Ð]l$¯]l §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ Ýë¦í³…_¯]l {´ë`¯]l ¿êÈ ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ H¨?

1) ¯]l*Ë$ ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ 2) EMýS$P ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ 3) ^ól¯ól™èl ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ 4) f¯]l糯éÆý‡ ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ 8. A…™øŧýlĶæ$ ç³£ýlM>°² ™öÍÝëÇ AÐ]l$Ë$ ^ólíܯ]l Æ>[çÙt… H¨?

1) Æ>fÝ릯Œæ 2) ™èlÑ$â¶æ¯éyýl$ 3) MóSÆý‡â¶æ 4) B…{«§ýl{糧ólÔŒæ 9. ¿êÆý‡™èl§ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ MýS±çÜ AÐ]lçÜÆ>Ë MøçÜ…

E§ólªÕ…_ {´ëÆý‡…À…_¯]l {ç³×êãMýS? 1) ¯éË$Vø ç³…^èlÐ]lÆý‡Û {ç³×êãMýS 2) BÆø ç³…^èlÐ]lÆý‡Û {ç³×êãMýS 3) AƇ¬§ø ç³…^èlÐ]lÆý‡Û {ç³×êãMýS 4) G°Ñ$§ø ç³…^èlÐ]lÆý‡Û {ç³×êãMýS 10. ¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ _¯]l² ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$˯]l$ {´ù™èlÞíßæ…^èlyé°MìS, BǦMýS çÜàĶæ$…, AÀÐ]l–¨® ^ólĶæ$yé°MìS E§ólªÕ…_¯]l E¯]l²™èlÝë¦Æ‡¬ çÜ…çܦ?

12. 1978-83

Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ^ólç³sìæt¯]l BÆø ç³…^èlÐ]lÆý‡Û {ç³×êãMýSÌZ H A…Ô>°MìS f¯]l™é {糿¶æ$™èlÓ…

A«¨MýS {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… C_a…¨?

1) E´ë«¨ MýS˵¯]l 2) ´ëÇ{Ô>Ñ$MîSMýSÆý‡×æ 3) íܦÆý‡™èlÓ…™ø MýS*yìl¯]l Ð]l–¨® 4) Æý‡…V>ËÐéÈ MóSsêƇ¬…ç³#Ë$ 13. "{´ëÐ]l*×ìæMýS Ð]lÅMìS¢ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…' A…sôæ..?

1) JMýS çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ 279 ÆøkÌZÏ {糆¨¯]l… JMýS Ð]lÅMìS¢ 8 VýS…rË$ ç³° ^ólĶæ$yýl…

2) JMýS çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ 273 ÆøkÌZÏ {糆¨¯]l… JMýS Ð]lÅMìS¢ 8VýS…rË$ ç³°^ólĶæ$yýl…

3) JMýS çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ 300 ÆøkÌZÏ {糆¨¯]l… JMýS Ð]lÅMìS¢ 9 VýS…rË$ ç³°^ólĶæ$yýl…

4) H©M>§ýl$ 14. ÝëÆý‡Óf±¯]l {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS B§éĶæ$… A…sô...?

1) ´ûÆý‡$ËMýS$ {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… A…¨…^ól MýS±çÜ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ B§éĶæ$…

2) õ³§ýlÇMýS Æó‡Q ¨VýS$Ð]l¯]l E¯]l² ´ûÆý‡$ËMýS$ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ MýS͵…^ól B§éĶæ$…

3) °Æý‡$§øÅW™èl ¿¶æ–† 4) H©M>§ýl$ 15. f™èlç³Æý‡^èl…yìl. gê¼™é&I i) A˵ E§øÅW™èl ii) {ç³^èle¯]l² °Æý‡$§øÅW™èl iii) çÜ…çœ$–çÙt °Æý‡$§øÅW™èl iv) ºíßæÆý‡…VýS °Æý‡$§øÅW™èl gê¼™é&II a) A…§ýl$»êr$ÌZ E¯]l² E™éµ§ýlMýS Ð]l¯]lÆý‡$˯]l$ VýSÇçÙt…V> Eç³Äñæ*W…^èl$MøÌôæ° ç³Çíܦ† b) Ð]lÅMìS¢ E´ë…™èl E™éµ§ýlMýS™èl Ô¶æ*¯]lÅ…V> E¯]l² ç³Çíܦ† c) {Ô>Ñ$MýS$Ë$ JMýS Ð]l–†¢ ¯]l$…_ Ð]l$ÆöMýS Ð]l–†¢MìS Ð]l*Æý‡$µ ^ðl…§ól M>Ë…ÌZ HÆý‡µyól °Æý‡$§øÅW™èl d) JMýS Ð]lÅMìS¢ Hyé¨ÌZ A«¨MýS M>Ë… ³ ç ° ÌôæMýS$…yé E…yýlyýl…

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒ çÜtyîl‹Ü

ÐésìæÌZ çÜOÆð‡…¨ H¨?

G) ™öÍÝëÇV> Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ*°² MýS*yé V>sŒæÌZMìS ¡çÜ$Mö^éaÆý‡$. Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$ Ð]lçÜ$¢Ð]l#ËOò³ çܼÞyîlË$ ÌôæMýS$…yé õÜÓ^ée ÐéÅ´ëÆ>°² {´ù™èlÞíßæ…^éË-° õ³ÆöP¯é²Æý‡$ ¼) AÐ]l$ÌZÏ E¯]l² çÜ$…M>˯]l$ ç³NÇ¢V> Æý‡§ýl$ª ^ólĶæ$yýl…, Ð]l$Ç…™èl ™èlWY…^èlyýl…

EÆý‡$VóSÓ Æú…yŠæÌZ° sêÇ‹œ Æ>Ƈ¬¡Ë Ð]l¬QÅ E§ólªÔ¶æ…

1) G Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ 2) ¼ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ 3) G, ¼ 4) H©M>§ýl$ 22. íÜ.yìl.í³. ç³£ýlM>°MìS çÜàĶæ$… ^ólíܯ]l §ólÔ¶æ…?

1) fÆý‡Ã± 2) f´ë¯Œæ 3) AÐðl$ÇM> 4) O^ðl¯é 23. f™èlç³Æý‡^èl…yìl. gê¼™é&I i) 1891-1921 ii) 1921-1951 iii) 1951-1981 iv) 1981-2001 gê¼™é&II a) °Ô¶æaË f¯é¿ê b) íܦÆý‡ Ð]l–¨® c) Ö{çœ$ A«¨MýS Ð]l–¨® d) ™èlVýS$Y™èl$…§ýl° çÜ*_…^ól çÜ…MóS™éË™ø

GM>¯]lÒ$ {ç³™ólÅMýS… 18.

f™èlç³Æý‡^èl…yìl. {ç³×êãMýS M>Ë…

i) 1956-61 iii) 2002-07

A«¨MýS Ð]l–¨®

ii) 1980-85 iv) 2012-17

{糫§é¯]l Ë„>ÅË$ a) ¿êÈ ™èlÆý‡à ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$Ë AÀÐ]l–¨ª b) E´ë«¨ MýS˵¯]l §éÓÆ> õ³§ýlÇMýS °Æý‡*Ã˯]l c) çÜÐ]l*¯]l™èlÓ…, ÝëÐ]l*hMýS ¯éÅĶæ$…, ¯é×æÅOÐðl$¯]l Ð]l*¯]lÐ]l Ð]l¯]lÆý‡$Ë ç³…í³×îæ d) çÜ™èlÓÆý‡, çÜ$íܦÆý‡, Ð]l$Ç…™èl çÜÑ$Ãã™èl Ð]l–¨®

19.

1) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 2) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c 3) i-d, ii-b, iii-d, iv-c 4) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b

çßæÇ™èl Ñç³ÏÐé°MìS çÜ…º…«¨…_ MìS…¨ 1) i-d, ii-b, iii-c, iv-a ÐésìæÌZ çÜOÆð‡…¨ H¨?

G) 1965ÌZ Ððl$MìSÞMøÌZ òßæ^Œæ.OÐðl.Ñ. Ñ™èl¢2) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d ¯éË Ð]lËÏ Vø««§ýl$Ð]l$ ç³…r ¨VýS$ºyìl 3) i-b, ii-d, iii-a, iv-c òßæM>tÆý‡$MýS$ 5000 ¯]l$…_ 6000 MìSÌZ4) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c {V>ÐŒl$ËMýS$ ò³ÇW…¨ 16. õ³§ýlÇMýS Ð]lÅ™éÅçÜ… A…sôæ..? ¼) òßæ^Œæ.OÐðl.Ñ. Ñ™èl¢¯éË$ Ð]lÇ, Vø«§ýl$Ð]l$ õ³§ýlÇMýS Æó‡Q & õ³§ýlÐéÇ çÜVýSr$ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS Ð]lÅĶæ$…

1) ç³…rÌZÏ A«¨MýS ¨VýS$ºyìlMìS M>Æý‡×æÐ]l$õ³§ýlÇMýS Æó‡Q Ķæ*ÅƇ¬. Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$ Æý‡…VýS…ÌZ HÆý‡µõ³§ýlÐéÇ çÜVýSr$ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS Ð]lÅĶæ$…& õ³§ýlÇMýS Æó‡Q 2) yìl¯]l D Ñ«§ýlOÐðl$¯]l A§ýl$™èlOÐðl$¯]l ò³Æý‡$VýS$õ³§ýlÇMýS Æó‡Q §ýl˯]l$ "çßæÇ™èl Ñç³ÏÐ]l…'V> í³Í^éÆý‡$ 1) G Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ 2) ¼ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ 3) õ³§ýlÇMýS Æó‡Q & õ³§ýlÐéÇ çÜVýSr$ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS Ð]lÅĶæ$… õ³§ýlÐéÇ çÜVýSr$ Ñ°Äñæ*VýS Ð]lÅĶæ$…

3) G, ¼ 4) H©M>§ýl$ 20. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ {V>Ò$×æ Æý‡$×æ{VýSçÜ¢™èl M>Æý‡×ê4) Oò³ÐólÒM>Ð]l# ËMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ çÜOÆð‡¯]lÑ HÑ?

1) SEBI 2) SIDBI 17. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ çÜOÆð‡…¨ H¨?

G) A¯]l$™éµ§ýlMýS 糯]l$ËOò³ QÆý‡$a ò³rtyýl…

G) Ñ${Ô¶æÐ]l$ BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦÌZ MóS…{§ýl 3) RBI 4) SBI {ç³×êãMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ BǦMýS {ç³×êãMýS˯]l$ ¼) çÜ…Ýë¦VýS™èl… M>° Æý‡$×êËOò³¯]l GMýS$PÐ]l11. BǦMýS çÜ$íܦÆý‡™èlÓ…..?

1) E™èlµ™èl$¢Ë$ ^úMýSV> ^ólõÜ…§ýl$MýS$ §øçßæÆý‡*´÷…¨çÜ$¢…¨ V> B«§éÆý‡ç³yýlr… §ýl… ^ólçÜ$¢…¨ ¼) Ñ${ÔèæÐ]l$ BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦÌZ [Oò³ÐólsŒæ íÜ) ç³…rËMýS$ Ð]l$§ýlª™èl$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë$ ™èlW¯]l…™èlV> Æý‡…V>°MìS AÐ]lçÜÆý‡OÐðl$¯]l AÐ]lÝë¦ç³¯é ÌôæMýS´ùÐ]lyýl…

2) iÐ]l¯]l {ç³Ð]l*×êË ò³…ç³#¯]lMýS$ çÜ…ç³ÝûMýSÆ>Å˯]l$ {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… yìl) ™èlMýS$PÐ]l Ýë¦Æ‡¬ ´÷§ýl$ç³#Ë$ §ýl¯]l$ çÜ–íÙtçÜ$¢…¨ çÜÐ]l$MýS*Æý‡$çÜ$¢…¨ 3) QÆý‡$a ™èlWY…^ól Ñ«§ýl…V> Ð]l¯]lÆý‡$Ë ç³#¯]l1) G, ¼ 2) ¼, Ü í ÇÓ°Äñæ*VýS… ^ólçÜ$¢…¨ 1) G 2) ¼ 3) Ü í , yìl 4) G, ¼, Ü í , yìl 4) Oò³ÐólÒM>§ýl$ 3) G, ¼ 4) H©M>§ýl$ 21. "V>sŒæ EÆý‡$VóSÓ Æú…yŠæ'MýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ MìS…¨

1) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 2) i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c 3) i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a 4) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a 24. 1949ÌZ {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… °Ä¶æ$Ñ$…_¯]l

gê¡Ä¶æ*§éĶæ$ A…^èl¯éË çÜ…çœ$…ÌZ MìS…¨ ÐéÇÌZ çÜ¿¶æ$ÅË$ M>° ÐéÆð‡Ð]lÆý‡$?

1) í³.íÜ. Ð]l$çßæ˯ø¼‹Ü 2) yéMýStÆŠæ Ñ.MðS.BÆŠæ.Ñ. Æ>Ð]l# 3) yìl.BÆŠæ. V>yìlYÌŒæ 4) BÆŠæ.íÜ. §ýl™Œæ 25. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ çÜçßæM>Æý‡ »êÅ…MýS$Ë °¯é§ýl…

H¨?

26.

1) One for Every one, every one for one 2) Money for all, All for money 3) One for all - All for one 4) H©M>§ýl$

¯é»êÆŠæz¯]l$ H MýSÑ$çÙ¯Œæ çÜ*^èl¯]lË™ø HÆ>µr$ ^ólÔ>Æý‡$?

1) ÕÐ]lÆ>Ð]l$¯Œæ MýSÑ$sîæ 2) çÜÆý‡Ä¶æ¬ MýSÑ$sîæ 3) AÆý‡$j¯Œæ õܯŒæ VýS$´ë¢ MýSÑ$sîæ 4) ¯]lÆý‡íÜ…çßæ… MýSÑ$sîæ 27. §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ ™öÍÝëÇV> Ð]l$íßæâê A¿¶æ$ů]l²†MìS {´ëÆý‡…À…_¯]l »êÅ…MŠæ H¨?

1) ¿êÆý‡¡Ä¶æ$ Ð]l$íßæâê »êÅ…MŠæ 2) »êÅ…MŠæ B‹œ Ð]l$íßæâ¶æ 3) çÜÆøh± ¯éĶæ¬yýl$ çÜçßæM>Æý‡ »êÅ…MŠæ 4) H©M>§ýl$ 28. "Ý린MýS çÜ…çÜ¦Ë Ñ™èl¢…' A…sôæ..?

1) Ý린MýS çÜ…çÜ¦Ë Ð]lÅĶæ*Ë$ 2) Ý린MýS çÜ…çÜ¦Ë Æ>ºyýl$Ë$

29.

30.

31.

3) Ý린MýS 4) 1, 2

çÜ…çÜ¦Ë Ñ«§ýl$Ë$

f¯é¿ê Ð]l–¨® ÑçÙĶæ$…ÌZ "Vöç³µ Ð]l*Æý‡$µ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…'V> §ól°² õ³ÆöP…sêÆý‡$?

1) 1911 3) 1941

2) 1931 4) 1921

gê¡Ä¶æ$ E´ë«¨ àÒ$ ç³£ýlM>°² H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$?

1) 1977 3) 1962

2) 1984 4) 1981

AÀÐ]l–¨® ^ðl…§ýl$™èl$¯]l² §ólÔ>ÌZÏ M>Æý‡¾¯ŒæOyðl BOMðSÞyŠæ E§éYÆ>Ë ÑçÙĶæ$…ÌZ A™èlÅ«¨MýS M>Ë$ÚëÅ°MìS M>Æý‡×æÐ]l$Ð]l#™èl$¯]l² §ólÔ¶æ…?

1) O^ðl¯é 2) C…yìlĶæ* 3) {»ñæhÌŒæ 4) E™èl¢Æý‡ MöÇĶæ* 32. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ çÜÇM>° f™èl H¨?

1) Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$… & çßæÇ™èl Ñç³ÏÐ]l…

2) TRYSEM -& çÜÓĶæ$… E§øÅW™èl 3) MGNREGA& Ðól™èl¯]l E§øÅW™èl 4) IRDP & ç³rt×æ Ð]l˜ÍMýS õÜÐ]lË$ 33. "{糆 糯]l*² ^ðlyýlz¨ M>§ýl$' A° õ³ÆöP¯]l²§ðlÐ]lÆý‡$?

1) ByýlÐŒl$ íÜÙŒæ 2) yólÑyŠæ Ç^èlÆŠæz 3) yéËt¯Œæ 4) gñæ.¼.õÜ 34. ¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ A†ò³§ýlª MýS$sîæÆý‡ ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ H¨?

1) ç³r$t ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ 2) ^ól¯ól™èl ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ 3) ´ë¯Œæ Ð]l$ÝëË ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ 4) AVýSÆý‡$º™èl$¢Ë ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$ 35. H Æý‡MýSOÐðl$¯]l BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦÌZ E™èlµ†¢ Ý뫧ýl¯éË Ä¶æ*fÐ]l*¯]lÅ…, °Æý‡Óçßæ×æ AfÐ]l*Ƈ¬ïÙ {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… A«©¯]l…ÌZ E…sêƇ¬?

1) ÝëÐ]l$ÅÐé§ýl 2) Ñ${Ô¶æÐ]l$ 3) ò³r$tºyìl§éÇ 4) H©M>§ýl$ 36. °Õa™èl ÐéMýSÅ… (G): Ñ${ÔèæÐ]l$ BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦMýS$ A¯]l$MýS*Ë…V> 1948 H{í³ÌŒæ 6¯]l "´ëÇ{Ô>Ñ$MýS ¡Æ>ï]l…'¯]l$ {ç³MýSsìæ…^éÆý‡$ M>Æý‡×æ… (BÆŠæ): {糿¶æ$™èlÓ, [Oò³ÐólsŒæ Æý‡…V>Ë ç³Ç«¨° çܵçÙt… ^ólçÜ*¢ ç³Ç{ÔèæÐ]l$˯]l$ ¯éË$VýS$ Æý‡M>Ë$V> Ñ¿¶æh…^éÆý‡$ 1) (G), (BÆŠæ)Ë$ Æð‡…yýl* çÜOÆð‡¯]lÑ 2) (G), (BÆŠæ)Ë$ Æð‡…yýl* çÜOÆð‡¯]lÑ, (BÆŠæ) (G)MýS$ çÜOÆð‡¯]l ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ 3) (G) çÜOÆð‡…¨, (BÆŠæ) çÜOÆð‡…¨M>§ýl$ 4) (G) çÜOÆð‡…¨M>§ýl$, (BÆŠæ) çÜOÆð‡…¨

çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$ 1) 3 6) 1 11) 2 16) 1 21) 3 26) 1 31) 1 36) 1

2) 3 7) 1 12) 1 17) 3 22) 3 27) 1 32) 4

3) 4 8) 1 13) 2 18) 1 23) 1 28) 4 33) 3

4) 2 9) 3 14) 1 19) 3 24) 4 29) 4 34) 2

Current Affairs Mobile App Updated Version

Daily, Weekly, Monthly Updates and Bit banks Also Find

GENERAL ESSAYS, GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND JOBS

www.sakshieducation.com

SAKSHI EDUCATION

5) 1 10) 2 15) 2 20) 4 25) 3 30) 1 35) 1

OÐðlG-‹Ü-B-ÆŠ‡ h-ÌêÏ l ÝùÐ]l$ÐéÆý‡… l òÜò³t…ºÆŠæ l 18 l 2017

14 ѧýlÅ

What is the ratio of unemployed..

N. Vinaykumar Reddy Director, IACE, Hyderabad.

3.

Model Questions Directions(Q.No. 1 - 5): Study the following graph to answer the given questions.

Total number of employees = 50,000 and % of employees in 5 different companies E 15%

A 23%

D 20%

B 18%

C 24%

Percentage of Males and Females

75

70

5.

Female

Male 80

70

65

60

60

55

50

45

40 30

25

4.

40

35

30

6.

20 10 0

A

B

C

D

E

Companies 1. What is the number of female in the company C? a) 7600 b) 5200 c) 6600 d) 8000 e) None of these 2. The total number of employees

5. Required ratio =

Key & Solutions 1. C = 50000×

55 = 6600 100

2. Required percentage =

=

24 =12000 100

Female = 12000×

7.

in the company E is approximately what percentage of the total number of employees in the Company B? a) 69% b) 93% c) 75% d) 83% e) 88% What is the difference between numbers of males working in the company A to number of female working in the company D? a) 1565 b) 4123 c) 3240 d) 2125 e) None of these What is the total number of Males working in the companies B, D and E together? a) 7600 b) 9200 c) 10500 d) 6700 e) None of these What is the ratio between the number of females in Company A to the number of males in Company D? a) 17:21 b) 28:21 c) 23:28 d) 3:7 e) None of these 12 liters are drawn from a bottle full of chemical X and is then filled with water. This operation is performed four more times.

The ratio of the quantity of chemical X now left in bottle to that of water is 32 : 211. How much chemical X did the bottle hold originally? a) 52 liters b) 24 liters c) 32 liters d) 48 liters e) None of the above A and B are partners in a

Ans: c

15 ×100 =83.33 ≅ 83% 18

Ans: d 23 =11500 100 11500 Males in A = 75 × = 8625 100

3. A = 50000×

20 = 10000 100 10000 Females in D = 65 × = 6500 100 D = 50000 ×

Difference = 8625 − 6500 = 2125 Ans: d 4. Total number of males in B, D, E together 18 30 20 ×50,000× + ×50,000× 100 100 100 35 15 40 + ×50,000× 100 100 100

= 2700 + 3500 + 3000 = 9200 Ans: b

females in A males in D

23 25 × 100 100 = 23 = 20 35 28 50,000 × × 100 100 Ans: c 50,000 ×

6. Let the quantity of the chemical X in the bottle originally be x liters Then, quantity of chemical X left in bottle after 5 operations = x (1 −

12 5 ) liters x

According to the given information: 5

 12  x 1 −  32 x ∴  = x 243 5 5  12   2  ⇒ 1 −  =   x  3  x − 12 2 ⇒ = 3 x

⇒ 3x − 36 = 2x ⇒ x = 36 Hence, 36 liters of chemical X was the bottle held originally.

Ans:e 7. Let investment time of B was for

IBPS RRB

Special

Quantitative Quantitative Aptitude Aptitude business. They invest in the ratio 5 : 6. At the end of 8 months A withdraws. If they receive profits in the ratio of 5 : 9, find how long B's investment was used? a) 12 months b) 10 months c) 15 months d) 14 months e) 18 months 8. In a small town X, among the unemployed youths the ratio of male & female is 7 : 9. Among the unemployed males the ratio the literate & illiterate is 11 : 3.

Out of 11 unemployed literate males, 9 filled up the form for a competitive exam. In the exam day the ratio of present & absent unemployed literate males was 't' months Ratio of their investment = ratio of profit distribution 5x × 8 : 6x × t = 5 : 9 Hence, time t =

40 × 9 = 12months 6×5

Ans: a 8. The ratio of unemployed male & female is 7 : 9. ∴If the number of unemployed male = 7x then the number of unemployed female = 9x Among the 7x unemployed males the ratio the literate & illiterate is 11 : 3. ∴Number of unemployed literate males = 7x ×

11 = 5.5x 14

∴Out of 11 unemployed literate males, 9 filled up the form for a competitive exam. ∴Out of 5.5x unemployed literate males, 4.5x filled up the form for a competitive exam.

On the exam day the ratio of present & absent unemployed literate males was 7 : 2. ∴Number of unemployed literate males who were absent

7 : 2. What is the ratio of unemployed female youths & the unemployed literate males who were absent in the examination? a) 9 : 1 b) 4 : 1 c) 6 : 1 d) 3 : 1 e) None of these 9. A certain number of men can do a work in 60 days. If there were 8 men more it could be finished in 10 days less. How many men are there? a) 75 men b) 40 men c) 48 men d) 45 men e) None of these 10. A large tanker can be filled by three pipes A, B and C in 12, 15 and 20 hours respectively. If pipe A is open all the time and B and C are open for one hour each alternatively, then in what time will the tank be full? a) 5 b) 7 c) 9 d) 11 e) 13 Directions (Q.No. 11-15): Refer to the following Line Graph and answer the given questions.

The graph shows the number of people travel by train A and train B in a week.

400 350 350 300 320 250 200 150 100 0 Sat

Train A

Train B

12.

13.

14.

15.

310 240

270

200 Sun

Mon

230

210

140

170

200

120

Tue

Wed

Thu

11. The number of people who traveled by Train B on Friday is

atively, after A and C , now it is the turn for A and B.

2 9

in the examination = 4.5x× = x ∴The ratio of unemployed female youths & the unemployed literate males who were absent in the examination = 9x : x = 9 : 1 Ans:a 9. We have : x men to the work in 60 days and (x + 8) men do the work in = 60 − 10 ⇒ 50 days 60x = 50(x+8) ∴x =

50 × 8 = 40men 10

Ans: b 10. In 1 hour, both A and B can fill =

1 1 3 + = 12 15 20

Again, in 1 hour, both A and C 1

1

2

can fill = 12 + 20 = 15 ∴In 2 hours, part filled =

3 2 17 + = 20 15 60

∴ In 6 hours, part filled =

3

A and B can fill 20 part in 1 hour. ∴Total time taken = 6 + 1 = 7 hours Ans: b 11. 30% of 200 = 60 People traveled by Train B on Friday = 260 Required ratio = 260 : 320 = 13 : 16 Ans: e 12. Train B on Saturday and Sunday together = 320 + 310 = 630 Train A on Saturday and Sunday together = 350 + 270 = 620 Difference = 630 − 620 = 10 Ans: c 13. Required average: (200 + 170 + 120 + 200) = 172.5 4

14. Required percentage:

Ans: c

350 − 140 210 ×100 = × 100= 60% 350 350

3 ×17 17 = 60 20

∴Remaining part = 1 −

30% more than the people who traveled by the same train on Thursday. What is the respective ratio between the number of people who traveled on Friday and those who traveled on Saturday by the same train? a) 14 : 15 b) 13 : 14 c) 15 : 16 d) 13 : 15 e) 13 : 16 What is the difference between the total number of people who traveled by Train B on Saturday and Sunday together and the total number of people who traveled

by Train A on Saturday and Sunday together? a) 20 b) 30 c) 10 d) 50 e) 40 What is the average number of people traveling by Train B on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday? a) 160.5 b) 130.5 c) 172.5 d) 165.5 e) 164.5 The number of people who traveled by Train A decreased by what percent from Saturday to Wednesday? a) 30% b) 60% c) 35% d) 42% e) 33% The total number of people who traveled by both the given trains together on Monday is approximately what percent more than the total number of people who traveled by both the given together on Wednesday? a) 68% b) 63% c) 62% d) 69% e) 65%

Ans: b 17 3 = 20 20

As the pipes are opened altern-

15.

440 − 260 180 × 100 = × 100 = 69% 260 260

Ans: d

ntnews.com

07

 18,  2017-  

ntbhadradri.com

CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS ON THE BASIS OF THEIR ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION � On the basis of Aufbau principle and the electronic configuration of atoms, the periodic table can be classified into four different blocks namely s,p,d and f-depending on their differentiating electrons. Although helium and hydrogen are the two exceptions of this classification.

1. s-block elements: Elements in which the last electron enters in s-orbital of their outermost shell are called s-block elements. Since sorbital can have a maximum of two electrons in it, therefore s-block consists of only two groups and they are placed at the left side in the periodic table. ns1 : Group – 1: Contains hydrogen and alkali metals ns2 : Group – 2: Contains alkaline earth metals

Shortest period in the periodic table?

CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS & PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES MENDELEEV’S PERIODIC TABLE � The most accepted periodic table came with the work of the Russian Chemist Dmitri I. Mendeleev in 1869. He stated that “the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic weights”. Based on this law, Mendeleev arranged the elements in the increasing order of their atomic weights and developed a periodic table, called “short form of periodic table”. When Mendeleev prepared the periodic table, only 63 elements were known. Thus, a number of gaps for unknown elements were left in the periodic table and the properties of these unknown elements were predicted on the basis of periodic law. These predicted properties helped the scientists in the discovery of unknown elements. For example. Scandium, germanium and gallium were not known when Mendeleev prepared the periodic table. He named these elements ekaboron, eka-silicon and eka-aluminium (the Sanskrit word eka means ` next’) respectively. � These elements were discovered later but the properties of these elements were found to be very similar as predicted by Mendeleev. � Inspite of many advantages of Mendeleev periodic table, there were certain defects like a) Position of hydrogen in the periodic table is not correctly defined. b) Anomalous pairs i.e., certain pairs of elements whose increasing order of atomic masses was not obeyed. c) Position of isotopes have not been assigned separate places in the periodic table. d) Some similar elements are separated and dissimilar elements are grouped together e) Cause of periodicity was not explained. f) Position of lanthanides and actinides have not been given separate places in the periodic table.

of the outermost orbit. For example – Hydrogen (H), Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Caesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr) have their electronic configurations as shown below. The atomic number (Z) of these elements are 1,3,11,19,37,55 and 87 respectively. � Since these elements JUNIOR have similar INTER outermost electronic configuration ns1 (where n=1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7) so, they have been placed together in a group. They show similar physical and chemical properties due to their ns1 outer most electronic configuration. They lose one electron to get stability and show a common oxidation state of +1. They are mono valent and their oxides, hydroxides, halides etc. show similar chemical properties.

LONG FORM OF M.P.T � After the discovery of noble gases and elucidation of the structure of atom, Neils Bohr prepared the long form of modern periodic table on the basis of electronic configuration of the elements.

In the long form of periodic table, the vertical columns are called “groups” and horizontal rows are called “periods.”

There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the modern periodic table.

PERIODS � The seven periods in the long form of the periodic table are numbered from 1 to 7.

Each period starts with an alkali metal whose outermost electronic configuration is ns1 and ends with a noble gas whose outermost electronic configuration is ns2np6 except He (1s2). The number of elements in a period is equal to the number of electrons to acquire ns2 np6 electronic configuration in the outermost shell of the period as shown below:

�

�

�

�

�

n=3 (3rd period) ........

In the first period (n=1) there are only two elements namely hydrogen (1s1) and helium (1s2), both are gases. So, it is called the shortest period in the periodic table.

The second (n=2) and third (n=3) periods are called “short periods”, as they contain 8 elements each viz. 3Li to 10Ne and 11Na to 18Ar respectively.

The fourth (n=4) and fifth (n=5) periods are known as “long periods”, each of which consists 18 elements namely 19K to 36Kr and 37Rb to 54Xe The sixth (n=6) period is the longest period and it consists of 32 elements namely 55Cs to 86Rn. Out of these 32 elements of 6th period, fourteen elements (after 57La) namely Cerium (Z=58) to Lutetium (Z= 71) are called `Lanthanoid series’ and are placed separately from this period because their differentiating electrons enters into 4f sub shell (or orbital),

CHEMISTRY � The seventh period (n=7) is incomplete and it starts from 87Fr onwards. The fourteen elements (after 89Ac) namely Thorium (Z=90) to Lawrencium ( Z=103) are called ‘Actinoid series’ and are placed separately below Lanthanoid series in the periodic table, since their differentiating electron enters 5f orbital. � Elements having similar outer electronic configurations are grouped in vertical columns and each vertical column is called group. According to the latest recommendation of IUPAC, the groups are numbered from 1 to 18 replacing the older notation of groups 0, IA, IIA … IIIA, VIII. IB ..VIIB.

Krupakar Pendli Senior IIT Faculty, Hyderabad

7893774888 Nomenclature of the elements having atomic number > 100: � The naming of the new elements had been left earlier traditionally to its discoverer and the suggested name was ratified by the IUPAC. In 1997, with approved official names for elements with atomic numbers 104 to 109. The names for elements with atomic numbers 110 and beyond have yet to be officially announced. However IUPAC have recommended a nomenclature to be followed for naming these new elements until their names are officially recognized. This nomenclature is based on the Latin words for the atomic number of the elements. The names are derived directly from the atomic number using the numerical roots for 0 and numbers 1-9.

The roots are strung together in the order of digits which makes up the atomic number and ‘ium’ is added at the end. � The IUPAC names for elements with Z above 103 are given in the table below.

As of now, elements with atomic numbers up to 112 and 114 have been discovered, elements with Z=113, 115 and beyond are not known yet.

Digits Name Abbreviation 0 nil N 1 un U 2 bi B 3 tri T 4 quad Q 5 pent P 6 hex H 7 sept S 8 oct O 9 enn E

Table : Nomenclature of elements with atomic number above 103.

MODERN PERIODIC TABLE � In 1913, Moseley, a young English physicist showed that the `atomic number’ is a more fundamental property of an element than its atomic mass. The position of an element in the periodic table depends on its atomic number. Thus, the modern periodic law has been stated as, “the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers”. If elements are arranged with increasing order of their atomic numbers there is a repetition of properties after 2,8,8,18,18 and 32 elements. The numbers 2,8,18 and 32 are also referred as magic numbers. � Repetition of properties after this number is due to repetition of electronic configurations

Period Stable electronic Number of configuration elements st 2 1 1s 2 2nd 2s2 2p6 8 3rd 3s2 3p6 8 4th 4s2 3d10 4p6 18 5s2 4d10 5p6 18 5th 6th 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 32 7th 7s2 5f14 6d…… ……… � The electron in an atom is characterized by four quantum numbers n,l,m and s.

Out of these four quantum numbers, n (principal quantum number) defines the main energy levels of the shell in the order n=1 (1st period), n=2 (2nd period)

Atomic number

Name

104 Unnilquadium 105 Unnilpentium 106 Unnilhexium 107 Unnilseptium 108 Unniloctium 109 Unnilennium 110 Ununnillium 111 Unununnium 112 Ununbium 113 Ununtrium 114 Ununquadium 115 Ununpentium 116 Ununhexium 117 Ununseptium 118 Ununoctium *Official IUPAC name yet to be announced

Symbol

IUPAC official Name

IUPAC symbol

Unq Unp Unh Uns Uno Une Unn U uu Unb Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo

Rutherfordium Rf Dubnium Db Seaborgium Sg Bohrium Bh Hassium Hs Meitnerium Mt * * * * * * + * * + + + + + Elements yet to be discovered.

08

 18,  2017-  

ntnews.com

    ?     M. Venkat Arithmetic & Reasoning Faculty Hyd

ntbhadradri.com

6

v

1. °œçúÕ°æüΔ®Ωlç 2. ´÷çÆæéπ[ûª’h©’ 3. véÌ´€y 4. îªÈé\®Ω °æüΔ®Ωl´·©’ 19. véπÂÆjd≠œßª’†x™ ¨»yÆævéÀߪ’ ¢ËöÀüΔy®√ ï®Ω’í∫’ûª’çC?(2) 1. °æ€Ææhé¬é¬®Ω Ü°œJAûª’h©’ 2. T™¸q 3. v¢√Gߪ’ç 4. ûªyîªç 20.á®Ω’°æ€ ´’Jߪ· ûÁ©’°æ€ ¶µ«Ææy®Ω´·©’? ( 3 ) 1. Ææ´’üÁjPéπ ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ 2.ÅÆæ´’üÁjPéπ ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ NüΔu®Ω’n©èπ◊ îËüÓúø’ ¢√üÓúø’ 3. ®Ω÷§ƒçûª®Ω 4. Ææ´’ Åù’ ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ 1. ¢Á·éπ\©™ Ææ÷®Ωu®ΩPt™ F®Ω’, ¶Ôí∫’_ °æ€©’Ææ’ ¢√ߪ· ´€© ÇéÃqéπ®Ωù, éπ~ߪ’ éπ®Ωù´·© ´©x à®Ωpúø’ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ 21. °‘ûª vé¬çA DEéÀ Ææç•çCµç*†C? ( 3 ) 1. ´J ÖûªpAh 2. íÓüµ¿’´’ ÖûªpAh °æüΔ®Ωn´·?

(2) 3. †÷ØÁTçï©’ 4. °æÆæ’°æ€ ÖûªpAh 1. ´÷çÆæéπ[ûª’h©’ 2. §∂ƒ≤ÚpTxïJé˙ Ç´’x´· 3. véÌ´€y 4. °œçúÕ°æüΔ®√l©’ 2.´u´≤ƒßª’üΔ®Ω’©’ ´’üµ¿u°æ€ §Ò©´·™ ´J°æçô ´’Jߪ· Ɇ’´· ´÷Ja´÷Ja °æçúÕ≤ƒh®Ω’. DE´©x ØË© ßÁ·éπ\ ≤ƒ®Ω ´çûªûªèπ◊ îËÈ®úø’ °æüΔ®Ωn´· ? ( 2 ) 1. é¬L{ߪ’ç 2. ØÁjvöïØ˛ 3. §Òö«Æœßª’ç 4. ¶µ«Ææy®Ω´· 22. áØ˛®√Ø˛ ä°æpçü¿ç DEéÀ Ææç•çCµç*†C ? (1) 1. Nü¿’uû˝ é̆’íÓ©’ 3. ņ’´çPéπ ņ’ÆæçüµΔ† v°æßÁ÷í¬©™ Íéçvü¿éπ´· ÅA 2. Öví∫¢√üΔEo ÅçûªçîËߪ’úøç ´·êu´’®·† éπù«çí∫ ´’E Ñ Ç™«_ ¢Á·éπ\™ E®Ω÷°œçîª 3. ®Óúøx ÅGµ´[Cm 4.≤ƒ°∂ˇd¢Ë®˝ ÅGµ´[Cm •úÕçC ?

(2) 23. äéπ •©’s™ 150 èπ◊©÷ç•’© Nü¿’uüΔ¢Ë¨¡´· 5 EN’ 1. ÅØ√GØ√ 2. áÆœö«•’™‰Jߪ÷ ≠æ´·©™ v°æ´£œ«ç*†, Ç •©’s í∫’çú≈ v°æ´ £œ«ç  3. ÅØ√ƜƜdÆˇ 4. ÇvéÓ<öÀߪ’ç Nü¿’uvûªp ¢√£æ«éπ°æ€ N©’´ (Ç簜ߪ’®Ωx™) ? (2) 4. ÖûªpJ´®Ωh†´· ÅØË °æüΔEo ¢Á·ôd ¢Á·ü¿ô Ö°æßÁ÷ 1. 0.5 2. 3.0 3. 4.5 4. 6.0 Tç*çC? (3) 24. véÀçC ¢√öÀ™ àC Cy•çüµΔEo éπLT Öçô’çC? (2) 1. ¢Á’çúø™¸ 2. ´·©x®˝ 1. H2 2. 02 3. N2 4. F2 3. úŒvNÆˇ 4. ®√•®˝dv¶˜Ø˛ 25. véÀçC ¢√E™ ÅA •©£‘«†¢Á’i† •çüµ¿ç? ( 2 ) 5. Ç°œ™¸™ ©¶µºu´’ßË’u Ç£æ…®Ω °æüΔ®Ωl¢Ë’C? ( 1 ) 1. ÆæçßÁ÷ïFߪ’ (éÓ¢√™„çö¸) •çüµ¿ç 1. ü∑Δ©´’Æˇ 2. é¬È®p™¸ 2. Åߪ÷Eéπ •çüµ¿ç 3. áçúÓ鬮˝p 4. ¢Á’≤Ú鬮˝p 3. Ææ´’†yߪ’ ÆæçßÁ÷ïFߪ’ (éÓ ÇJdØËö¸ éÓ¢√™„çö¸) •çüµ¿ç 6. éÀ®Ωùï†u ÆæçßÁ÷í∫véÀߪ’™ é¬çA Ωu†’ £œ«™¸ à 4. £j«vúÓïØ˛ •çüµ¿ç Ææç´ûªq®Ω´·™ éπ†’íÌØÁ†’ ?

(2) 26. °∂æ’J v°æÍé~°æù«vÆæh´·†’ °æKéÀ~ç*† ü˨¡ç ( 2 ) 1.1947 2.1937 3.1927 4.1957 1. Å¢Á’Jé2. §ƒéÀ≤ƒhØ˛ 7. ≤ƒd®˝a–FL®Ωçí∫’í¬ üËEûÓ ´÷®Ω’p îÁçü¿’ûª’çC ?(1) 3. îÁjØ√ 4. ÉçúÕߪ÷ 1.ÅßÁ÷úÕØ˛ Jñ„ØÁçö¸ 2.é¬°æ®˝ Jñ„ØÁçö¸ 3.®√T Jñ„ØÁçö¸ 4.v¶N’Ø˛ Jñ„ØÁçö¸ 27. à •©ç 鬮ΩùçîËûª ´Ææ’h´€ ´÷®Ω_ç ´[û√h鬮Ωç Å´€ûª’çC? (1) 8. Ö¢Á’tûªh ™ à®Ωéπ´’®·† °∂æ©´·çô’çC? ( 3 ) 1.Ç°æÍéçvü¿•©ç 2.ÅGµÍéçvü¿•©ç 1 .ÂÆ®√°œdÂÆjúø®˝ 2. ÂÆ°œdv§∂ƒï™¸ 3.éπ[vA´’•©ç 4.Í®&ߪ’•©ç 3. §∂ƒLxÂÆj™¸ 4. ™«èπÿu™«ÂÆjúø™¸ 28. í∫´’†ç™ ÂÆjéÀ©’ îªvéπç ßÁ·éπ\ †ç?

(4) 9.°ævûª£æ«Jûªç™E ví¬Ø√†’ éπLÊ° ߪ’çvû√çí¬Eo à´’E 1.v¶µº´’ù †ç 2.≤ƒnØ√çûª®Ω †ç ´u´£æ«J≤ƒh®Ω’?

(4) 3.´véπ´÷®Ω_ç 4.1 ´’Jߪ· 2 1. Éçô’È®oö¸ 2. v°jv¶Æˇ 29.äéπ •çAE 20 O’/ÂÆ ¢Ëí∫çûÓ °æéÀ NÆœJûË ÅC 3. Éçô®˝¢Á’≠ˇ 4. °∂jö¸ØÁö¸ ¶µº÷N’E û√éÀ†°æ€úø’ üΔE ¢Ëí∫ç? ( 3 ) 10. ñ„´÷téπ°ˇq áçü¿’™ Öçö«®·?

(3) 1.20O’/ÂÆ éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ 2.20O’/ÂÆ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ 1. é¬xN’úÓ¢Á÷†Æˇ 2. ´’®Ωaçö«ßª÷ 3.20O’/ÂÆ 4.¨¡⁄†uç 3. ÑÆæ’déπù«©’ 4. àÆœpÈ®©xÆˇ æ30.Ææ´’´úÕûÓ ´[û√hé¬®Ω ´÷®Ω_ç™ °æߪ’NÆæ’h†o 11. F2 ®Ωéπ°æ€ ¢Á·éπ\™x ÖçúË @†’q éπù«©’ à ûª®Ωí∫AéÀ ´Ææ’h´€ éπLT Öçúø’†C? (3) îÁçC†N? (2) 1.Æœn®Ω ¢Ëí∫ç 2.ûªy®Ωùç ™‰éπ§Ú´úøç 1. £j«vGú˛ 2. ÅCµéπûªyç 3.™°æL C¨¡í¬ éÓùÃߪ’ ûªy®Ωùç 4.àDé¬ü¿’ 3. Åüµ¿´’ûªyç 3. £æ«Ù¢Á÷ñ„jí∫Æˇ 31.éÀçC ¢√E™ ÆæC¨¡ é¬EC? (2) 12. EKb´ °æüΔ®Ωn´·© †’çúÕ Ç£æ…®Ω °æüΔ®Ωl´·©†’ Öûªp 1.•©ç 2.vü¿´u®√P †o´· îËߪ· @´€©’?

(3) 3.ûªy®Ωùç 4.vü¿´u¢Ëí∫ç 1. Çövö«°ˇq 2. Èé¢Á÷vö«°ˇq 32.äéπ éÀöÀéÀ ÅüΔlEo, Ê°©a•úÕ† •’™„xö¸ ®Ωçvüµ¿ç 3. £«õ„®Óvö«°ˇq 4. §∂Úövö«°ˇq îËÆæ’hçC. é¬E NÆœJ† ®√®· éÀöÀéÀE °æí∫©éÌô’d 13. ûË©’™ ¨»y≤ƒçí∫´·©’?

(2) ûª’çC 鬮Ωùç? ( 1 ) 1. •’é˙ T™¸q 2. •’é˙ ©çí˚q 1.í¬V vü¿´u®√PûÓ §ÚLaûË •’™„xö¸ vü¿´u¢Ëí∫ç 3. vö«éÀߪ÷ 4. Ü°œJAûª’h©’ î√™« áèπ◊\´ 14. éπù«çûª®Ω_ûª ¨»yÆævéÀߪ’ ï®Ω’í∫’ Ææn©´·? ( 3 ) 2.®√®· áèπ◊\´ vü¿´u¢Ëí¬Eo éπLT ÖçúÕ 1. í¬Mb Ö°æéπ®Ωùç 2. È®j¶≤Ú´·©’ véπ´’®Ω£œ«ûª ÅGµ°∂æ÷û√Eo à®Ωp®Ω’Ææ’hçC. 3. ¢Á’iöé¬çvúÕߪ÷ 4. Íéçvü¿éπ´· 3.•’™„xö¸ éπçõ‰ ®√®· vü¿´u®√P áèπ◊\´í¬ ÖçC 15. Ɇ’qLØ˛ †÷u†ûª ´©x éπLÍí ¢√uCµ?

(2) 4.àDé¬ü¿’ 1. úøߪ÷GöÀÆˇ ÉEq°œúøÆˇ 33. ¶µ«®Ωï©ç ņí¬?

(3) 2. úøߪ÷GöÀÆˇ ¢Á’LxôÆˇ 1. ¢√ߪ·´€ FöÀ™ éπJT Öçúø’ô 3. °©xví4. ¶„J¶„J 2. FöÀ™ ©´ù«©’ ´’Jߪ· êEñ«©’ 16. ´÷†´€E™ ≤ƒ´÷†u í∫®√s´C? (2) áèπ◊\´í¬ éπJT Öçúø’ô 1. 290®ÓV©’ 2.280 ®ÓV©’ 3. £j«vúÓïØ˛ ≤ƒl†ç™ úø’uöÃJߪ’ç 3. 270®ÓV©’ 4.260 ®ÓV©’ 4. ÊÆçvDߪ’ °æüΔ®Ωl©’ ´’LØ√©’í¬ éπJT Öçúø’ô.

17. ®Ωéπh °∂æ’F¶µº´†ç °ç§ÒçCç NôN’†’? ( 3 ) 34. ¨¡Ÿü¿m¢Á’i† Ç©\£æ…™¸ vüΔ´ùç vüΔéπ~®ΩÆæç †’çúÕ Ñ 1. A 2. A12 3. K 4. C Nüµ¿çí¬ ©GµÆæ’hçC? (3) 18. Æœdߪ÷°œqØ˛ ´©x N*a†o´’ßË’u °æüΔ®Ωlç? ( 3 ) 1. ÆæpöÀéÃéπ®Ωùç 2. ÊÆyü¿†ç

≤Ú´’¢√®ºç 18 ÂÆ°dç•®º’ 2017

ví∫÷°ˇq, Éûª®Ω §Úöà °æKéπ~© v°æûËuéπç 3. NúøíÌô’dô 4. ÇéÃqéπ®Ωùç 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. K 35. äéπ ¢√ߪ·´€†’ ÅûªuCµéπ Ö≥Úgví∫ûª ´ü¿l ¢ËúÕîËߪ·ô 52. •©ç ßÁ·éπ\ M.K.S. v°æ´÷ùç ( 3 ) 1.úÁjØ˛ 2. §˘çú˛ ´©† ¢Á’i†°æ€ °∂æ’† °æüΔ®Ωnçí¬ ûªßª÷®Ωí∫’†’? ( 1 ) 3. †÷uôØ˛ 4. Ææxí˚ 1. éÓxJØ˛ 2. £j«vúÓïØ˛ 53. Ææ®˝ Æœ.N.®√´’Ø˛èπ◊ ØÓ¶„™¸ •£æ›´’A à N≠æߪ’ç™ 3. áÆœôMØ˛ 4. áC∑MØ˛ ©Gµç*çC? (1) 36. éÀùy† v°ævéÀߪ’™ Núø’ü¿©í∫’ ¢√ߪ·´€? ( 3 ) 1. é¬çA °æJÍé~°æùç 2.üµ¿[´ùç 1. Ææ©p®˝ úøߪ÷Èéjqú˛ 2.鬮ΩsØ˛ ¢Á÷Ø√Èéjqú˛ 3. N´®Ωh†ç 4 ´uAéπ®Ωùç 3. 鬮ΩsØ˛ úÁjߪ÷Èéjqú˛ 4. O’ü∑ËØ˛

®√Èéö¸ à Eߪ’´’ç ÇüµΔ®Ωçí¬ °æEîËÆæ’hçC? 54.v°æ°æçîªç™ v°æßÁ÷Tç*† ¢Á·ü¿öÀ éπ[vA´’ Ö°æ 37. äéπ®Ωéπç ¨¡éÀh ´’®Ìéπ ¨¡éÀhí¬ ´÷®Ωú≈Eo? ( 2 ) ví∫£æ«ç àC ?

(1) 1. ¨¡éÀh ≤ƒnØ√çûª®Ωç 2. ¨¡éÀh ®Ω÷§ƒçûª®Ωç 1.Ææ’pAoé˙–1 2. ã≠æØ˛¨»ö¸–2 3. ¨¡éÀh Eûªuûªyç 4. àDé¬ü¿’ 3.ÉØ˛¨»ö¸–1á 4. K≤Ú®˝q¨»ö¸ 38.°æüΔ®Ωl熒 ¢ËúÕîËÆœ†°æ€úø’ °∂撆ƜnA †’çúÕ ØË®Ω’í55.Ææ´’ ûªy®ΩùçûÓ Â°jéÀ §Úûª’†o L°æ€d™ èπÿ®ÌaE ¢√ߪ·ÆœnA™éÀ ´÷Í® °æü¿mA? (4) Ö†o ´uéÀh ü¿[¨¡u ¶µ«®Ωç?

(2) 1. N*a¥;A 2. ¶µ«≠‘p¶µº´†ç 1.ûªí∫’_ûª’çC 2.°®Ω’í∫’ûª’çC 3. ÊÆyü¿†ç 4. Öûªpûª†ç 3.¨¡⁄†uç 4.´÷®Ω’pçúøü¿’ ❑ 39.äéπ Ö≥Úgví∫ûª ´ü¿l Öçúø´©Æœ† üΔEéπ†o ûªèπ◊\´ vüΔN ûª´· éπLT Ö†o vüΔ´ù«Eo à´’çö«®Ω’? ( 3 ) 1. Ææçûª[°æh 2. ÅAÆæçûª[°æh 3. ÅÆæçûª[°æh 4. °jN àO 鬴€ áØ˛°œÆœâᙸ 40. véÀçC ¢√öÀ™ üËEûÓ Ææ’véÓñ¸ EJtûª´’´€ûª’çC?(1) $÷uéÀxߪ’®¸ °æ´®¸ 鬮Ôp®‰≠æØ˛ Ç°∂ˇ ÉçúÕߪ÷ LN’õ„˙ 1. í∫÷xéÓñ¸ ´’Jߪ· v°∂æéÓdñ¸ (áØ˛°œÆœâᙸ)–)– võ‰ú˛ Åv°çöÀÆˇ© ¶µºKhéÀ ü¿®ºë«Ææ’h©’ 2. í∫÷xéÓñ¸ ´’Jߪ· í∫©éÓdñ¸ éÓ®º’ûÓçC. ¢Á·ûªhç ë«S©’ : 60 3. í∫÷xéÓñ¸ ´’Jߪ· í∫÷xéÓñ¸ võ‰ú˛q ¢√K ë«S©’ : °∂œôd®¸ 12, ô®ºo®¸ 9, ¢Á’≠œEÆˇd 9, 4. í∫÷xéÓñ¸ ´’Jߪ· ´÷™dñ¸ á©véÃd≠œßª’Ø˛ 12, á©vé¬dEé˙ ¢Á’éEé˙ 12, ¢Á©f®¸ 3, éπç°æ‹uô®¸ ǰ殉ô®¸ Åçú˛ v§Úví¬N’çí˚ ÅÆœÂÆdçö¸ 3.

41.®√Èéö¸ éÀçC à Eߪ’´’ç ÇüµΔ®Ωçí¬ °æEîËÆæ’hçC?( 2 ) Å®º|ûª: võ‰ú˛$’ Å$’ÆæJç* áEN’üÓ ûª®ºí∫A/ 1.¨¡éÀh Eûªuûªy Eߪ’´’ç °æüÓûª®ºí∫A/ °æØÁoçúÓ ûª®ºí∫A ÖBh®ºgûª + Ææç•çCµûª 2.vü¿´u¢Ëí∫ Eûªuûªy Eߪ’´’ç võ‰ú˛™ âöÀâ ÆæJd°∂œÈéö¸ Öçú≈L. 3.vü¿´u Eûªuûªy Eߪ’´’ç Ææd®·Â°çú˛: ØÁ©èπ◊ ®º÷.5078 É≤ƒh®º’.

4.í∫’®Ω’û√yéπ®Ω{ù •©ç éÀhí∫© Ŷµºu®º’n©’ °æJhîËÆœ$ ü¿®ºë«Ææ’h §∂ƒ®«Eo 42.äéπ ´Ææ’h´€ ¶µ«®Ωûª îªçvü¿’E°j áçûª Öçô’çC? ( 3 ) éÀÇÆœ çC *®º’Ø√´÷èπ◊ °æç°æ€éÓ¢√L. 1.¶µº÷N’°j üΔE ¶µ«®Ωç™ 1/2´ ´çûª’ ü¿®ºë«Ææ’h îË®‰çü¿’èπ◊ Çꮺ’ ûËC : ÅéÓd•®º’ 10 2.¶µº÷N’°j üΔE ¶µ«®Ωç™ 1/4´ ´çûª’ °æ‹Jh N´®«©èπ◊ ¢Á¶¸ÂÆjö¸: 3.¶µº÷N’°j üΔE ¶µ«®Ωç™ 1/6´ ´çûª’ www.apcil.nic.in 4.¶µº÷N’°j üΔE ¶µ«®Ωç™ 6È®ô’x 43.¶µº÷ Íéçvü¿éπç ´ü¿l í∫’®Ω’ûªy ûªy®Ωùç? ( 1 ) >£«î˝áçÆœ vÍíô®¸ £j«ü¿®«¶«ü˛ ´·EÆœ°æ™¸ 鬮Ôp®‰≠æØ˛ 1.¨¡⁄†uç 2.í∫J≠ædç 3.éπE≠ædç 4.´÷®Ωü¿’ 44.´©ßª÷† ¢Ëí∫ç N©’´ éπ[vA´’ Ö°æví∫£æ…EéÀ áçûª (>£«î˝áçÆœ)–åö¸ ≤ÚJqçí˚ v§ƒA°æCéπ$ ÂÆjö¸ Éç>F®¸ §ÚÆæ’d© ¶µºKhéÀ ü¿®ºë«Ææ’h©’ éÓ®º’ûÓçC. Öçú≈L? (2) ¢Á·ûªhç ë«S©’ : 126, ÖüÓuí∫ ´u´Cµ : àú≈C 1.111.2éÀ.O’/ÂÆ 2.11.2éÀ.O’/ÂÆ Å®º|ûª : éπFÆæç 50 ¨»ûªç ´÷®º’\©ûÓ GÉ/ Gõ„é˙/ 3.1.116 éÀ.O’/ÂÆ 4.11.2 O’/ÂÆ ááçâÉ (ÆœN™¸ Éç>FJçí˚) ÖBh®º’g™„j Öçú≈L. 45.§ƒ©†’ *LéÀ†°æ€úø’ ¢Á†o ¢Ë®Ωí∫’ôèπ◊ ûÓúøpúø’ ´ßª’Ææ’ : 21 $’ç* 45 à∞¡x ´’üµ¿u Öçú≈L. •©ç?

(4) ¢Ëûª$ç : ØÁ©èπ◊ ®º÷.20,000 1.°∂æ’®Ω{ù •©ç 2.ÅGµÍéçvü¿ •©ç áç°œéπ : ÅéπúøN’é˙ ¢ÁJö¸ ÇüµΔ®ºçí3.í∫’®Ω’û√yéπ®Ω{ù •©ç 4. Ç°æ®Ω ü¿®ºë«Ææ’hèπ◊ Çꮺ’ ûËC : ÂÆ°dç•®º’ 20 46. íÓüµ¿’´’ ®Ω´y, íÓüµ¿’´’©†’ ¢Ë®Ω’ îËߪ·ôèπ◊ Ö°æßÁ÷ áç°œÈéj$ Ŷµºu®º’n© LÆæ’d Núø’ü¿© : ÂÆ°dç•®º’ 22 TçîË NüµΔ†ç?

(2) Eߪ÷´’éπ ÖBh®º’y© ñ«K : ÂÆ°dç•®º’ 26$ 1. ûË®Ω’aô 2. ïLxçô ØË≠æ$™¸ Åé¬úøO’ Ç°∂ˇ éπØ˛vÆædéπ~Ø˛ ´ü¿l võ„iEçí˚ éÓÆæç J§ÚJdçí˚ : ÅéÓd•®º’ 3$ 3. ÊÆyü¿†ç 4. àDé¬ü¿’ 47. äéπ ™£æ…Eo ´’®Ìéπ ™£æ«çûÓ ™‰üΔ Ç ™£æ«çûÓ éπLÊ° ¢Á¶¸ÂÆjö¸: www.nac.edu.in Ææñ«Bߪ’ N’v¨¡´÷Eo à´’çö«®Ω’?

(1) Év≤Ú 1. N’v¨¡´’™£æ«ç 2. Ç©¢˛’ ÉçúÕߪ’Ø˛ ÊÆpÆˇ KÂÆ®¸a Ç®º_ØÁjñ‰≠æØ˛ (Év≤Ú)– ÂÆjçöÀÆˇd/ 3. ÆæçßÁ÷í∫°æüΔ®Ωlç 4. N’v¨¡´’ç Éç>F®¸q §ÚÆæ’d© ¶µºKhéÀ ü¿®ºë«Ææ’h©’ éÓ®º’ûÓçC. 48. ÅûªuCµéπ áçvö°œ í∫© °æüΔ®√l©’ àN? ( 3 ) ¢Á·ûªhç ë«S©’ : 80 1. °∂æ’† °æüΔ®√l©’ 2. vü¿´ °æüΔ®√l©’ N¶µ«í¬©¢√K ë«S©’ : á©vé¬dEé˙q 35, ¢Á’é¬Eéπ™¸ 3. ¢√ߪ· °æüΔ®√l©’ 4. àDé¬ü¿’ 35, éπç°æ‹uô®¸ ÂÆjØ˛q 10 49. N’v¨¡´’ vüΔ´ùç™E vüΔ´ù«©†’ ¢√öÀ ßÁ·éπ\ ¶«≠‘p Å®º|ûª : 65 ¨»ûªç ´÷®º’\©ûÓ GÉ/ Gõ„é˙ ¶µº´† ≤ƒnØ√©†’ •öÀd ¢Ë®Ω’ îËÆœ†?

(3) (á©vé¬dEé˙q/ ¢Á’é¬Eéπ™¸/éπç°æ‹uô®¸ ÂÆjØ˛q) ÖBh®º’g™„j 1. ¢ËúÕîËߪ·ô 2. ÊÆyü¿† v°ævéÀߪ’ Öçú≈L. ´ßª’Ææ’ : ÅéÓd•®º’ 5 Ø√öÀéÀ 35 à∞¡Ÿx N’ç«ü¿’. áç°œéπ : ®«ûª °æKéπ~ Éçô®º÷yu üΔy®« 3. ÅçPéπÊÆyü¿† 4. Éí∫’®Ω’aô ®«ûª °æKéπ~ : úÕÂÆç•®º’ 24$ 50. éπù´·†çü¿’ Èíjxé¬©ÆœÆˇ ïJÍíC? (4) ÇØ˛™„jØ˛ ü¿®ºë«Ææ’hèπ◊ Çꮺ’ ûËC : ÅéÓd•®º’ 5 1. Íéçvü¿éπç™ 2. @´ °æüΔ®Ωlç™ ¢Á¶¸ÂÆjö¸: www.isro.gov.in 3. ¢Á’iöé¬çvúÕߪ÷ 4. È®j¶ñ´·©™ ( 3,4) 51. éÌ´€y™ éπJÍí NôN’Ø˛ àC?

þ¼÷ªî¦ô¢Ù 18 -šúšídÙñô¢ª 2017-

Ð-û¦-è[ª -

13

Æœçí∫-°æ‹®˝ Åüμ¿u-èπ~◊-®√-Lí¬ ûÌL-≤ƒ-Jí¬ äéπ ´’£œ«∞¡ áç°œ-éπ-ߪ÷u®Ω’. ´·Æœxç ´’©ß˝’ Å©pÆæçë«uéπ ´®√_-EéÀ îÁçC† £æ…L´÷ ߪ÷éÓ¶¸ (63) 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 13† ü˨¡ Åûª’u-†oûª °æü¿NéÀ áç°œ-éπ-ߪ÷u®Ω’. §ƒ®Ωx-¢Á’çö¸ ´÷@ Æ‘péπ®˝ Å®·† £æ…L´÷ ÅCμ-é¬®Ω '°‘°æ¤™¸q ߪ÷éπ~Ø˛ §ƒKd—éÀ îÁçC†¢√®Ω’. í∫ûª È®çúø’ ü¿¨»-¶«l-©’í¬ §ƒ®Ωx-¢Á’çô’ Ææ¶μº’u-®√-Lí¬ ÖØ√o®Ω’. Åüμ¿uéπ~ °æü¿NéÀ §Úöà îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ áç°‘ °æü¿-NéÀ ®√@-Ø√´÷ î˨»®Ω’. ¢√Ææh-¢√-EéÀ ´îËa ØÁ©™ Åüμ¿uéπ~ °æü¿-NéÀ ãöÀçí˚ ï®Ω-í¬Lq ÖçC. Å®·ûË, v°æûªu-Jní¬ §ÚöÙ Ö†o ´uéÀhE ņ-®Ω’|-úÕív°æéπöÀçîªúøçûÓ £æ…L´÷ áç°œéπ àéπ-vU-´-¢Á’içC.

-ߪ‚-áÆˇ -ã°-Ø˛ -´’£œ«-∞¡-© Æœç-T-™¸q

-N-ñ‰-ûª -á-´®Ω’?

6.

1.

v°æÆæ’hûª ÇJnéπ Ææç´ûªq-®√-EéÀ (2017-18) ÇúÕö¸ •÷u®Ó Ç°∂ˇ Ææ®Ω’\u-™‰-≠æØ˛q (àHÆ‘) îμÁj®Ωt-Ø˛í¬ 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 14 † àéπvU-´çí¬ áEoÈéjçC á´®Ω’? (v°æÆæ’hûªç Ñߪ’† éÓé¬-éÓ™« ØÁj®Ω’A ÇƜߪ÷ v§ƒçûª 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«§ƒ© N¶μ«-í¬-EéÀ ¢ÁjÆˇ v°Ɯ-úÁç-ö¸í¬ ¶«üμ¿u-ûª©’ E®Ωy-£œ«Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. àHÆ‘ úÕ°æ‹uöà îμÁj®Ωt-Ø˛í¬ C ¶«ç¶‰ Ææ´÷î√®˝èπ◊ îÁçC† £æ«Ù®Ω’t-Æˇ@ áØ˛ 鬴÷ èπÿú≈ àéπ-vU´çí¬ áEo-éπ-ߪ÷u®Ω’). á) £æ«®Ωt-Vü˛ ´’≤ƒE G) ¶„ØÓß˝’ ®√ß˝’ î¯ü¿’J Æœ) üË´-v´ûª ´·êKb úÕ) ´’ߪ÷çé˙ §ƒKë¸ 2. 鬴’-ØÁy™¸h ¢Á®·ö¸ L°∂œdçí˚ îμ √ç°œ-ߪ ’-Ø˛-≠œ-°ˇ™  •çí¬®Ω’ °æûª-鬩’ ≤ƒCμç-*† í∫’çô÷®Ω’ >™«x Ææ’d´-®Ω’d°æ¤®Ωç ví¬´÷-EéÀ îÁçC† ņo-ü¿-´·t©’ ®√í¬© ¢Áçéπô ®√£æ›™¸, ´®Ω’-ù˝-©ûÓ §ƒô’ Nï-ߪ’-†-í∫®Ωç >™«x éÌçúø¢Á-©í¬ç ví¬´÷-EéÀ îÁçC† ´’ûªq ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-éÀ 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 14 † îªçvü¿-¶«•’ äéÌ\-éπ\-JéÀ áçûª îÌ°æ¤p† †í∫ü¿’ •£æ›-´’A v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’? á) ®Ω÷.5 ©éπ~©’ G) ®Ω÷.10 ©éπ~©’ Æœ) ®Ω÷.15 ©éπ~©’ úÕ) ®Ω÷.20 ©éπ~©’ 3. ûÁ©ç-í¬ù ®√≠æZ ñ«Bߪ’ ÊÆ¢√ °æü¿é∑ πç (áØ˛á - Æ- á-ˇ Æˇ) ÅCμé¬Jí¬ 2017 ÂÆ°dç•- ®Ω’ 15 † á´®Ω’ ¶«üμ¿uû- ©ª ’ Æ‘yéπJç-î√®Ω’? (È®çúË∞- ¡§x ƒô’ Ñߪ’† °æüN¿- ™ Öçö«®Ω’. v°Ææ æ’hûçª Ö≤ƒt-Eߪ÷ N¨¡yN- ü- Δu-©ß - ª’ç™ ≤Ú≠œß - ª÷©- @ N¶μ«í∫ç Å≤Ú-Æß œ ’Ë ö¸ v§Ò°∂Æ®æ ˝í¬ °æEî- Æ-Ë æ’hØ- √o®Ω’). á) ú≈éπd®˝ °æ¤©’-îÁ®Ω’ N≠æflg-üË¢˛ G) ú≈éπd®˝ ®ΩçïØ˛ Çî√®Ωu Æœ) ú≈éπd®˝ •çéπ ¨¶μºØ√vD¨¡y®Ω®√´¤ úÕ) ú≈éπd®˝ ´·©’í∫’ v¨»´-ù˝-¶«•’ 4. ãHÆ‘ Jï-Í®y-≠æ-†x™  véÃO’™‰-ߪ’®˝ °æJ-N’-AE ¢√J{-é¬-üΔߪ’ç™ ®Ω÷.6 ©éπ~© †’ç* áçûªèπ◊ °çûª÷ 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 13 † Íéçvü¿ Æœ•sçC, Péπ~ù N¶μ«í∫ç ÅCμé¬®Ω Öûªh-®Ω’y©’ ñ«K îËÆœçC? (DE v°æ鬮Ωç ´®Ω’-Ææí´‚úË-∞¡x-§ƒô’ ¢√J{éπ Ææ÷n© ÇüΔߪ’ç Ñ ¢Á·û√h-EéÀ N’ç* Ö†o ´uèπ◊h© °œ©x©’ véÃO’™‰-ߪ’®˝ N¶μ«í∫ç™éÀ ´≤ƒh®Ω’. OJéÀ ãHÆ‘ N¶μ«í∫ç éÀçü¿ Jï-Í®y-≠æØ˛ v°æßÁ÷ïØ√©’ §Òçü¿-ú≈-EéÀ Å®Ω|ûª Öçúøü¿’. 1993 ™ véÃO’™‰ßª’®˝ °æJ-N’A ®Ω÷.©éπ~ Öçúøí¬, 2004 ™ ®Ω÷.2.5 ©éπ~-©èπ◊, 2008 ™ ®Ω÷.4.5 ©éπ~-©èπ◊, 2013 ™ ®Ω÷.

6 ©éπ~-©èπ◊ °çî√®Ω’). á) ®Ω÷.7 ©éπ~©’ G) ®Ω÷.8 ©éπ~©’ Æœ) ®Ω÷.9 ©éπ~©’ úÕ) ®Ω÷.10 ©éπ~©’ 5. ®√ñ«uçí∫ E°æ¤-ù’©’, Ææ’v°‘ç-éÓ®Ω’d Æ‘E-ߪ’®˝ Ø√uߪ’-¢√C §ƒ´E °æ®Ω-¢Ë’-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤ (84 Ææç´ûªq-®√©’) 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 13 † áéπ\úø ´’®Ω-ùÀç-î√®Ω’? (v°æ鬨¡ç >™«x Lçí∫-Ææ-´·vü¿ç ´’çúø©ç ¢Á·í∫-L-îª-®Ωx™ 1933 V™„j 1 † ïEtç-*† °‘°‘ ®√´¤ Ææ®Óy-†oûª Ø√uߪ’-≤ƒn†ç™ Åûªuçûª v°æ´·ê ™«ßª’-®Ωx™ äéπ-Jí¬ áC-í¬®Ω’. *†o-´-ߪ’-Ææ’-™ØË Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-ü˨¸, Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶μº’-û√y-©èπ◊ ≤ƒdçúÕçí˚ éıEq-™¸í¬ ÊÆ´-©ç-Cç-î√®Ω’. Ææ’v°‘ç-éÓ®Ω’d ¶«®˝ Å≤Ú-Æœ-ßË’-≠æØ˛ Åüμ¿u-èπ~◊-úÕí¬, ™é˙-§ƒ™¸ Ææ¶μº’u-úÕí°æ-E -îË-¨»®Ω’. Ææ’v°‘ç-éÓ®Ω’d B®Ω’p™x ™«uçú˛-´÷-®Ω’\íîÁ°æ¤p-èπ◊ØË Í騡-´-†çü¿ ¶μ«®ΩA ÍéÆæ’™ °‘°‘-®√´¤ Åúøy-Íéö¸ ÇØ˛ Jé¬-®Ω’fí¬ Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-ü˨¸ ûª®Ω-°æ¤† £æ…ï-®Ω-ߪ÷u®Ω’. Ø√uߪ’ N¶μ«-í∫ç™ Ñߪ’† ÊÆ´-©èπ◊ Íéçvü¿ç 2006 ™ '°æü¿t-¶μº÷-≠æù˝— v°æüΔ†ç îËÆœçC). á) £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ G) Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø Æœ) N¨»-ê-°æôoç úÕ) CMx

ö«u•’™xE ÇØ˛-¢Á÷™¸ (àá-Ø˛áç ÇØ˛-™„jØ˛) ߪ÷°ˇ üΔy®√ K v§Òúø-éÀd¢˛ îÁj™¸f £«™¸h-Íé®˝ §Ú®Ωd-™¸™ í∫Js¥ù’©’, ¶«Lç-ûª© N´-®√©’, *Ø√o-®Ω’© öÃé¬ Å稻-©†’ àá-Ø˛-áç©’ v°æûªu-éπ~çí¬ †¢Á÷ü¿’ îËÊÆ v°ævéÀ-ߪ’†’ ûÁ©çí¬ù ®√≠æZç-™ØË ûÌL-≤ƒ-Jí¬ 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 13 † áéπ\úø v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç-î√®Ω’? á) ÆœCl-Ê°ô G) 鬴÷-È®úÕf Æœ) ï†í¬ç úÕ) Ø√í∫-®˝-éπ-®Ω÷o©’ 7. Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-üË-¨ ¸-™ E à >™«x™  ´ç¨¡-üμΔ®Ω †C°j ØË®ΩúÕ ¶«uÍ®@ E®√t-ù«-EéÀ 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 13 † ´ç¨¡-üμΔ®Ω wõ„j•’u-†™¸ ÅçU-éπ-Jç-*çC? (é¬vô-í∫úøf ´ü¿l à°‘ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç ÂÆjú˛ Oߪ’®˝ E®√tùç é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-îª-´-îªaE, ØË®ΩúÕ ¶«uÍ®@ NE-ßÁ÷-í∫ç-™éÀ ´î√aéπ üΔEo NE-ßÁ÷Tç-îª-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E Ææp≠ædç îËÆœçC. û√ñ« B®Ω’p ´©x à°‘, äúÕ-¨»© ´’üμ¿u ü¿¨»-¶«l© N¢√ü¿ç äéπ éÌLéÀ\ ´*a-†ôx-®·uçC). á) Xé¬-èπ◊∞¡ç G) Nï-ߪ’-†-í∫®Ωç Æœ) N¨»-ê-°æôoç úÕ) ûª÷®Ω’p-íÓ-üΔ-´J 8. ü˨¡ç™ §ƒ© ÖûªpAh °çîË ©éπ~uçûÓ §ƒ©-¨¡ŸCl¥, ´’¯Léπ ´Ææ-ûª’© ECμ éÀçü¿ °æüË∞¡x 鬙«-EéÀ áçûª ¢Á·ûªhçûÓ ECμE à®√pô’ îËÆæ÷h 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 12 † Íéçvü¿ ´’çvA-´®Ω_ç E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊çC? (ü˨¡¢√u-°æhçí¬ 50 ¢Ë© ví¬´÷™x Ö†o 95 ©éπ~© ´’çC È®jûª’-©èπ◊ DE-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç îËèπÿ-®Ω’-ûª’çC. É°æ¤p-úø’†o-üΔE éπçõ‰ Åü¿-†çí¬ ®ÓVèπ◊ 126 ©éπ~© Mô®Ωx §ƒ©-¨¡ŸCl¥ ≤ƒ´’-®√n uEo °ç-û√®Ω’. 28 ¢Ë© •™¸\N’™¸\ èπÿ©®Ω’x à®√pô’ îË≤ƒh®Ω’). á) ®Ω÷.10,881 éÓô’x G) ®Ω÷.11,881 éÓô’x Æœ) ®Ω÷.12,881 éÓô’x úÕ) ®Ω÷.13,881 éÓô’x 9. â®Ó§ƒ ߪ‚E-ߪ’Ø˛ (Ñߪ‚)™ ߪ‚Íé Ææ¶μºu-û√y-EéÀ ´·Tç°æ¤ °æLÍé v¶„Tbö¸ G©’xèπ◊ vGôØ˛ à ®ÓV† Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç ûÁL-°œçC? (£æ«˜Æˇ Ç°∂ˇ 鬴’-Ø˛q™ Ñߪ‚ Ö°æ-Ææç-£æ«-®Ωù G©’xèπ◊ ņ’-èπÿ-©çí¬ 326 ´’çC áç°‘©’ ãõ‰-ߪ’í¬, v°æA-èπÿ-©çí¬ 290 ´’çC ãõ‰¨»®Ω’. ߪ‚Í醒 â®Ó§ƒ ÇJnéπ Ææ´÷ïç – ÑÑ-Æ‘-™éÀ BÆæ’-Èé-Rx† 1972 ߪ‚®Ó-°œ-ߪ’Ø˛ éπ´‚u-E-öÃÆˇ îªö«dEo ûÌ©-Tç-îª-ú≈Eo ©éπ~uçí¬ Â°ô’d-èπ◊†o Ñ G©’x Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCμç-*çC.) á) 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 10 G) 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 11 Æœ) 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 12 úÕ) 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 13 10. ≤ƒyN’ N¢Ë-é¬-†çü¿ *é¬íÓ™ Ææ®Ωy-´’ûª Ææ¢Ë’t-∞¡-†ç™ v°æÆæç-Tç-*† °∂æ’ô-†èπ◊ 125 à∞¡Ÿx Å®·† Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çíà ®ÓV† CMx-™E N-ñ«c-Ø˛ ¶μº´-Ø˛™ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-*† v°æûËuéπ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç™ v°æüμΔE †Í®çvü¿ ¢Á÷D NüΔu-®Ω’n©†’ ÖüËl-Pç* v°æÆæç-Tç-î√®Ω’? á) 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 8 G) 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 9 Æœ) 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 10 úÕ) 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 11

ü˨¡ç™ ûÌL •’™„xö¸ È®j©’ Å£æ«tüΔ-¶«ü˛ – ´·ç•®· ÊÆd≠æ†x ´’üμ¿u ®Ω÷.

11.

Íéçvü¿ ÇJnéπ ´’çvA Å®Ω’ù˝ ñ„jöÃx ØËûª%-ûªyç™ 21 ´ @áÆ‘d ´’çúøL Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»Eo 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 9 † áéπ\úø E®Ωy-£œ«ç-î√®Ω’? (v°æï© Eûªu-@-N-ûªç™ NEßÁ÷-TçîË ´’®Ó 30 ´Ææ’h-´¤-©Â°j @áÆ‘dE ûªT_Ææ÷h ´’çúøL E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊çC).á) ïߪ’-°æ¤®Ω (ñ„j°æ‹®˝) G) £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ Æœ) ´·ç•®· úÕ) CMx 12. ÉöÃ-´© à ®√≠æZ £j«éÓ®Ω’d ®√≠æZç-™ E v°æ¶μº’ûªy, w°j¢Ëô’ §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»-©™x '´çüË-´÷-ûª®Ωç— §ƒúøôç ûª°æp-EÆæJ îËÆæ÷h ÇüË-¨»©’ ñ«K-îË-ÆœçC? á) í∫’ï-®√û˝ G) Öûªh-®Ω-v°æ-ü˨¸ Æœ) ûªN’-∞¡-Ø√úø’ úÕ) ´’£æ…-®√≠æZ 13. ÉöÃ-´© ¢√®Ωh-™ xéÀ ´*a† G£æ…®˝ ¨»Ææ-†-Ææ-¶μº™  ¢Á·ûªhç ≤ƒnØ√©’ áEo? á) 241 G) 243 Æœ) 245 úÕ) 247 14. ꙸh´÷ •ô’-™«_ ÉöÃ-´© à ü˨»-üμ¿u-èπ~◊-úÕí¬ ¶«üμ¿uûª©’ îË°æ-ö«d®Ω’? á) ØÁj@Jߪ÷ G) é¬ç¶-úÕߪ÷ Æœ) ≤Ú´÷-Lߪ÷ úÕ) ´’çíÓ-Lߪ÷ 15. 2017 V™„j 26 † à ü˨¡ç°j éπJ† ∏ Ççéπ~©’ NCμÆæ÷h Å¢Á’J- é¬ Cí∫’´- Ææ¶ºμ £æ«˜Æˇ Ç°∂ˇ Jv°æñ- ç„ õ- ö-‰ ¢À ˛q 419- ç-*çC? 3 ãôx ¶μ«K ¢Á’ñ«-JöÃûÓ G©’x†’ Ç¢Á÷C á) ®Ω≥ƒu G) É®√Ø˛ Æœ) Öûªh-®Ω- éÌ-Jߪ÷ úÕ) °j ´‚-úø÷ 16. É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ äéπ ÇJnéπ Ææç-´-ûªq®Ωç-™  500 ví¬´·© °æÆœ-úÕéÀ Ææ´÷† N©’´¤†o °æÆœúÕ ¶«çúøx™ äéπ ´uéÀh °ô’d-•úÕ Â°õ‰d O©’çC. ´’Jçûª´’çC °ô’d•úÕüΔ®Ωx†’ Çéπ-J{ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ñ °æJ-N’-AE á-Eo éÀ™©èπ◊ °çûª÷ 2017 V™„j 26 † Íéçvü¿ ´’çvA´®Ω_ç E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊çC? á) éÀ™ G) È®çúø’ Æœ) ´‚úø’ úÕ) Ø√©’í∫’ 17. 2017 V™„j 27† vGé˙q ü˨»© é¬Jtéπ ´’çvûª’© Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»Eo áéπ\úø E®Ωy-£œ«ç-î√®Ω’? á) ≤ƒ¢Ó-§ƒ™, v¶„>™¸ G) î√çí˚-éÀçí˚, îÁjØ√ Æœ) úø®ΩsØ˛, ü¿éÀ~-ù«-v°∂œé¬ úÕ) éπïØ˛, ®Ω≥ƒu

ߪ‚áÆˇ ãÂ°Ø˛ 2017 ߪ‚áÆˇ ãÂ°Ø˛ °æ¤®Ω’-≠æfl© ÆœçT™¸q õ„jöÀ™¸†’ ®Ω°∂™¸ Ø√ü¿™¸ (ÂÆp®·Ø˛) ØÁí¬_úø’. °∂j†™x 6-3, 6-3, 6-4 ûÓ ´®Ω’Ææ ÂÆôx™ ÈéNØ˛ Ççúø-®ΩqØ˛ (ü¿éÀ~-ù«-v°∂œé¬)°j Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCμç-î√úø’. Ø√ü¿™¸ ÈéJߪ’®˝™ ¢Á·ûªhçíÉC 16 ´ ví¬çú˛-≤ƒx¢˛’ é¬í¬, ´‚úÓ ßª‚áÆˇ õ„jöÀ™¸. ☛ ߪ‚áÆˇ ãÂ°Ø˛ ´’£œ«-∞¡© ÆœçT™¸q õ„jöÀ-™ ¸†’ Å¢Á’Jé¬ véÃú≈-é¬-JùÀ ≤ÚxØ˛ Æ‘d°∂Ø˛q Èí©’--èπ◊çC. °∂j†™x Å¢Á’-J-é¬Íé îÁçC† ûª† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-®√©’ ´÷úÕ-ÆæØ˛ éÃÆˇÂ°j 6-3, 6-0 ûÓ °∂æ’† Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCμç* ÈéJߪ’®˝™ ûÌL ví¬çú˛-≤ƒx¢˛’ õ„jöÀ™¸ ≤Òçûªç îËÆæ’-èπ◊çC. ☛ ÆœçT™¸q Nñ‰-ûª-©’í¬ EL-*† ®Ω°∂™ ¸ Ø√ü¿™ ¸, ≤ÚxØ˛ Æ‘d°∂Ø˛q îÁ®Ó ®Ω÷. 23.6 éÓôx w°jñ ¸-´’F ≤Òçûªç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.

1.10

©éπ~© éÓôx ´uߪ’çûÓ ü˨¡ç-™ØË ûÌL •’™„xö¸ È®j©’†’ BÆæ’-èπ◊-´-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÖüËl-Pç-*† °æü∑¿-é¬-EéÀ v°æüμΔE †Í®çvü¿ ¢Á÷D, ï§ƒØ˛ v°æüμΔE ≠œçñ Ŷ‰ 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 14 † Å£æ«t-üΔ-¶«-ü˛™  ¨¡çèπ◊-≤ƒn-°æ† î˨»®Ω’. •’™„xö¸ È®j©’ °æü∑¿éπç éÓÆæç ï§ƒØ˛ üΔüΔ°æ¤ ®Ω÷.88,000 éÓôx ®Ω’ù«Eo Íé´©ç äéπ\ °j≤ƒ ´úŒféÀ É≤ÚhçC. 2022 Çí∫Ææ’d 15 † •’™„xö¸ È®j©’†’ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç-î√-©E ©éπ~uçí°ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. ☛ •’™„xö¸ È®j©’ °æü∑¿éπç éÓÆæç 4 ¢Ë© ´’çCéÀ Péπ~ù ÉîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´úÓ-ü¿®√™ à®√pô’ îËߪ’-†’†o Péπ~ù ÆæçÆænèπ◊ èπÿú≈ Éü¿l®Ω’ v°æüμΔ-†’©’ ¨¡çèπ◊-≤ƒn-°æ† î˨»®Ω’. ☛ ≠œçñ Ŷ‰ È®çúø’ ®ÓV© ¶μ«®Ωûª °æ®Ωu-ô-†èπ◊

≤ÚxØ˛ Æ‘d°∂Ø˛q

☛

û√ñ« ߪ‚áÆˇ ãÂ°Ø˛ ´’£œ«∞- ¡© úø•’™¸q õ„öj ™-À ¸†’ ´÷JdØ√ £œ«çTÆˇ (Æœyôb®- √xçú˛), î√Ø˛ ߪ·çí˚–ñ- «Ø˛ (ûÁ¢j √Ø˛) ñúŒ Èí©’-§Òç-CçC. N’é˙qú˛ úø•’™¸q õ„öj -À ™¸†’ ´÷JdØ√ £œ«çTÆˇ, vGôØ˛ Ç- ô- í¬-ú’ø ñ«O’ ´·vÍ® ñúŒ ØÁTç_ C. °æ¤®Ω’≠- flæ © úø•’™¸q õ„öj ™-À ¸†’ @Ø˛ VL-ߪ’Ø˛ ®Óï®˝ (ØÁü¿®- √xçú˛q), £æ«ÙJߪ÷ õ„é„ ¬´¤ (®Ó¢Ë’E- ߪ÷) ñúŒ Èí©’-§Òç-CçC.

ÂÆ°dç•®Ω’ 13 † Å£æ«t-üΔ-¶«ü˛ îË®Ω’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. v°æüμΔE ¢Á÷D ≠œçñ Ŷ‰, Çߪ’† ¶μ«®Ωu ÅéÃéÀ °∂æ’†≤ƒy-í∫ûªç °æL-é¬®Ω’. ûª† °æ®Ωu-ô-†™ ¶μ«í∫çí¬ ≠œçñ ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 14 † v°æüμΔE ¢Á÷DûÓ í¬çDμ-†-í∫®˝™ üÁj y§ƒ-éÀ~éπ Ωa©’ ïJ-§ƒ®Ω’. §˘®Ω N´÷-†-ߪ÷†ç, ®Ωéπ~ù, ¢√ùÀïuç, §˘®Ω Åù’ Éçüμ¿†ç Ææ£æ… NNüμ¿ ®Ωçí¬-©Â°j É®Ω’ ü˨»© ´’üμ¿u 15 Å稻™x Å´-í¬£æ«† ä°æpç-üΔ©’ ê®√-®Ω-ߪ÷u®·.

18.

v°æ´·ê ¶«uúÕtç-ôØ˛ véÃú≈-é¬-JùÀ, JßÁ÷ äLç-°œé˙q ®Ωïûª °æûªéπ Nñ‰ûª °‘O Æœçüμ¿’†’ à ®√≠æZ v°æ¶μº’ûªyç úÕ°æ‹uöà éπ™„-éπd-®˝í¬ Eߪ’-N’ç-*çC? á) ûÁ©ç-í¬ù G) Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-ü˨¸ Æœ) £æ«-J-ߪ÷-ù« úÕ) í∫’ï-®√û˝ 19. üΔüΔ°æ¤ 300 Ææç´ûªq-®√© §ƒô’ Ø√í∫-J-éπûª °æJúμøNLx† N™«-Ææ-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i† †í∫®√Eo °æ¤®√-ûªûªy ¨»ÆæY¢Ë-ûªh©’ 2017 Çí∫-Ææ’d™ áéπ\úø éπ†’-èπ◊\-Ø√o®Ω’? á) îÁjØ√ G) ®Ω≥ƒu Æœ) v§∂ƒØ˛q úÕ) ï§ƒØ˛ 20. Ææ’Q-™ ¸-èπ◊-´÷®˝ ¢Á÷-D ÉöÃ-´© à ®√≠æZ Ö°æ ´·êu´’ç-vAí¬ ¶«üμ¿u-ûª©’ îË°æ-ö«d®Ω’? á) í∫’ï-®√û˝ G) ´’£æ…-®√≠æZ Æœ) G£æ…®˝ úÕ) ´’üμ¿u-v°æ-üË-¨¸ 21. v°æ°æç-îªç-™ ØË ûÌL-≤ƒ-Jí¬ °æ´† Nü¿’u--û˝ -Ö-ûªpAh éÓÆæç -Ææ´·-vü¿ç-™ØË ûËL-ߪ÷úË í¬L ´’®Ω-©†’ '£j« Nçú˛ v§ƒñ„èπ◊d— Ê°®Ω’ûÓ áéπ\úø à®√p-ô’-îË-¨»®Ω’? á) ≤ƒ\-ö«xç-ú˛ G) °∂œØ√xçú˛ Æœ) â®√xçú˛ úÕ) âÆˇ-™«çú˛ 1–Æœ 2–G 3–á 4–G 5–úÕ

6–á 7–á 8–á 9–Æœ 10–úÕ

-ï-¢√-•’-©’ 11–G 12–Æœ13–-G 14–-úÕ 15–-úÕ

16–-úÕ 17–-G 18–-G 19–Æœ 20–-Æœ

21–-á

äLç-°œé˙q -Ç-A-ü∑¿u -†í∫®√-©’..

Åçûª®√b-Bߪ’ äLç-°œé˙ éπN’öà (âãÆ‘) 2024, 2028

äLç-°œ-é˙qèπ◊ ÇA-ü∑¿u-N’îËa †í∫-®√-©†’ 2017 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 13 † ÅCμ-é¬-J-éπçí¬ v°æéπ-öÀç-*çC. ☛ 2024 äLç-°œ-é˙qèπ◊ §ƒJÆˇ ÇA-ü∑¿u-N’-´y-†’ç-úøí¬, 2028 äLç-°œ-é˙q†’ ™«Æˇ-àç-ñ„-L-Æˇ™  E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-†’Ø√o®Ω’. ☛ äÍé-≤ƒJ È®çúø’ äLç-°œ-é˙qèπ◊ ÇAü∑¿u †í∫®√©†’ v°æéπöÀç-îªúøç âãÆ‘ îªJ-vûª™ ÉüË ûÌL-≤ƒJ. ☛ Ñ È®çúø’ †í∫-®√-©èπ◊ Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ äLç-°œ-é˙qèπ◊ ÇA-ü∑¿u-N’-*a† ņ’-¶μº´ç ÖçC. §ƒJÆˇ 1900, 1924 ™ ÇAü∑¿uN’´yí¬, ™«Æˇ-àç-ñ„-LÆˇ 1932, 1984 ™ äLç-°œé˙q E®Ωy-£œ«ç-*çC. ☛ §ƒJÆˇ †í∫®Ωç *´-J-≤ƒ-Jí¬ 1924 ™ äLç-°œé˙q E®Ωy-£œ«ç-*çC. ´’Sx ´çüË∞¡x ûª®√yûª Ñ v°æA-≥ƒeûªtéπ véÃúø-©èπ◊ ÇA-ü∑¿u-N’-´y-†’çC. ☛ ûÌ©’ûª 2024 äLç-°œé˙q éÓÆæç §ƒJÆˇ, ™«Æˇ-àç-ñ„LÆˇûÓ§ƒô’ ´’®Ó Ø√©’í∫’ †í∫-®√©’ £æ…ç•®˝_, ®Ó¢˛’, •’ú≈-Â°Æˇd, ¶ÆædØ˛ §ÚöÃ-°æ-ú≈f®·. Å®·ûË ®√ï-éÃߪ’, ÇJnéπ 鬮Ω-ù«-©ûÓ Ñ Ø√©’í∫’ †í∫-®√©’ §Úöà †’ç* ûª°æ¤p-èπ◊-Ø√o®·. ®Ω-·-ûª – Ƒ£«-î˝. éπ%-≠æg-v°æ≤ƒ-ü˛ -N-≠æ-ߪ’ -E°æ¤-ù’-©’

12

-þ¼÷ªî¦ô¢Ù 18 -šúšídÙñô¢ª 2017

Ð-û¦-è[ª Éçô-Kt-úÕ-ߪ’ö¸ áç°‘Æ‘, áçÑÆ‘ ví∫÷°æ¤©’ îªC¢Ë NüΔu-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ í∫ùÀûªç È®çúø’ Ææç´ûªq®√™x†÷ éé-éπ-¢Á’i† Æ涄bÍéd. -D-E°j Å´-í¬-£æ«† °ç-èπ◊çõ‰ §Úöà °æKéπ~™x ´’ç* ´÷®Ω’\©’ ≤ƒCμç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ ´÷®Ω_ç Ææ’í∫´’ç Å´¤-ûª’çC. ´·êu-¢Á’i† Ææ÷vû√©’ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç v°æA äéπ\-Jéà Ŵ-Ææ®Ωç. NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ °æGxé˙ °æKéπ~™x (Board examinations) áèπ◊\´ ´÷®Ω’\©’ ≤ƒCμç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ äéπ v°æù«-Réπ Å´-Ææ®Ωç. ÉC §ƒ®∏√uç-¨»© °æJ-Q-©-†ûÓ ≤ƒüμ¿u-´’-´¤-ûª’çC.

-´÷u-ü∑¿-¢Á’-öÀé˙q (1 -G) ¢Á·ü¿öÀ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç ÉçôKtúÕ-ߪ’ö¸ í∫ùÀûª §ƒ®∏Ωu-°æ¤-Ææhéπç™ §ƒ®∏√uç-¨»-©†’ ¶®˝f Ç°∂ˇ Éçô-Kt-úÕ-ߪ’ö¸ IA, IB í¬ N¶μº->ç-î√®Ω’. ´’†ç É°æ¤púø’ IB §ƒ®∏√uç-¨»-©†’ °æJ-QLüΔlç.

-v°æ-ù«-Réπ-ûÓ-ØË- éÓ®Ω’èπ◊-†o -´÷®Ω’\-©’...

IB -§ƒ®∏√uç-¨»-©’

Gçü¿’-°æü∑¿ç (Locus) Åéπ~-°æ-J-´-®Ωh†ç (Change of Axes) Ææ®Ω∞¡ ͮ꩒ (Straight lines) Ææ®Ω-∞«-Í®ë« ßª·í¬t©’ (Pair of straight lines) vA°æ-J-´÷ù E®Ω÷-°æ-鬩’ (3D- Geometry) Cé˙ éÌÂÆj-Ø˛©’, Cé˙ Ææçêu©’ (Direction cosines

®Ω-·-ûª: -áç. -üË-O-v°æ≤ƒ-ü˛ -N-≠æ-ߪ’ -E°æ¤-ù’-©’

and Direction Ratios)

Ææ´’-ûª©ç (Planes) Å´-üμ¿’©’ (Limits) ÅN-*a¥-†oûª (Continuity) Å´-éπ-©†ç (Derivatives) Öñ«b-®·ç-°æ¤©’ (Approximations) üÓ≥ƒ©’ (Errors) ´÷®Ω’p-Í®ô’ (Rate measure) Ææp®Ωz-Í®-ê©’, ÅGμ-©ç• ͮ꩒ (Tangents

and

Normals)

í∫J≠æe, éπE≠æe N©’-´©’ (Maxima and Minima) ´’-üμ¿u´’ ´‚©u ÆœüΔl¥çûªç (Meanvalue theorem) ★

´÷uü∑¿-¢Á’-öÀé˙q (IB) v°æ¨¡o-°ævûªç †´‚Ø√ éÀç-C Nüμ¿çíÖçô’çC. áç°‘Æ‘ NüΔu-®Ω’n-© π◊.. ★ v°æ¨¡o-°ævûªç™ Section - A, Section - B, Section - C ÅØË N¶μ«í¬©’ Öçö«®·. í∫J≠æe ´÷®Ω’\©’ 75, ï¢√-•’©’ ®√ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ ÉîËa Æ洒ߪ’ç 3 í∫çô©’. ★ Section - A: Ñ N¶μ«-í∫ç™ 10 v°æ¨¡o©’ Öçö«®·. v°æA °æ¨¡oéÀ È®çúø’ ´÷®Ω’\©’ (10 × 2 = 20 ´÷®Ω’\©’). ÅEo v°æ¨¡o©’ ®√ߪ÷L. ★ Section - B: Ñ N¶μ«-í∫ç™ 7 v°æ¨¡o©’ Öçö«®·. v°æA v°æ¨¡oéÀ Ø√©’í∫’ ´÷®Ω’\©’, NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ 7 v°æ¨¡o™x à¢ÁjØ√ Å®·ü¿’ (5) v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ (5 × 4 = 20 ´÷®Ω’\©’) ï¢√-•’©’ ®√ߪ÷Lq Öçô’çC. ★ Section - C: Ñ N¶μ«-í∫ç™ 7 v°æ¨¡o©’ Öçö«®·. v°æA v°æ¨¡oéÀ àúø’ ´÷®Ω’\©’, NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ 7 v°æ¨¡o™x à¢ÁjØ√ Å®·ü¿’ (5) v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ (5 × 7 = 35 ´÷®Ω’\©’) ï¢√-•’©’ ®√ߪ÷L. ¢Á·ûªhç ´÷®Ω’\©’ 20 + 20 + 35 = 75 ´÷®Ω’\©’. í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† Å稻©’.. ★ v°æ¨¡o-°æ-vûªç™ ¢Á·ûªhç 24 v°æ¨¡o©’ Öçö«®·. ¢Á·ûªhç ´÷®Ω’\©’ 97. ★ NüΔu-®Ω’n-©’-°j† Ææ÷*ç-*† °æü¿l¥A v°æ鬮Ωç 20 v°æ¨¡o©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üμΔ†ç ®√ߪ÷L. ★ 75 ´÷®Ω’\©èπ◊ 27 ´÷®Ω’\©’ ´ÊÆh §ƒÆˇ Å®·-†ô’x.

47 †’ç* 66 ´÷®Ω’\©’ ≤ƒCμÊÆh v°æü∑¿´’ v¨ÏùÀ™  ÖBh®Ω’g©’ 鬴a. 67 †’ç* 75 ´÷®Ω’\©’ ûÁa-èπ◊çõ‰ úÕÆœdçéπ{Ø˛ ≤ƒCμç-*-†õ‰x. áçÑÆ‘ NüΔu-®Ω’n-© π◊... Éçô®˝ áçÑÆ‘ NüΔu-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈ áç°‘Æ‘ v°æ¨¡o-°ævûª¢Ë’ É≤ƒh®Ω’. Å®·ûË, ´÷®Ω’\© ¢Á’¢Á÷™ 50 ´÷®Ω’\©éÀ ™„éÀ\-≤ƒh®Ω’. ★ É°æ¤púø’ ´÷uü∑¿-¢Á’-öÀé˙q IB ™E Å稻-©†’ véπ´’ °æü¿l¥A™ °æJ-Q-LüΔlç.

E®Ω÷-°æéπ ñ«uN’A (Coordinate Geometry)

¢Á·ü¿öÀ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™ Ö†o ÅüμΔu-ߪ÷©’ È®çúÓ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç ´÷uü∑¿-¢Á’-öÀé˙q II -G ™ Ö†o ÅüμΔu-ߪ÷-©éÀ ÇüμΔ®Ωç. 鬕öÀd NüΔu®Ω’n©’ OöÀE èπ~◊ùoçí¬ ØË®Ω’aéÓ¢√L. -v°æ-A-¶μº Ê°-@-©Â°j -O’ -Ææ÷-îª-†-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -¢Á’®·-™¸ -â-úŒ pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

Gçü¿’-°æü∑¿ç: ÉC é¬ØÁq-°ˇd-°æ-®Ωçí¬ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ÅüμΔuߪ’ç.

Gçü¿’-°æü∑¿ ņ’-´-®Ωh-Ø√©†’ ¶«í¬ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çõ‰ I B, II B ©™ î√™« v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üμΔ-Ø√©’ Ææ’©-¶μºçí¬ ≤ƒCμç-a. ii) Åéπ~-°æ-J-´-®Ωh†ç: DEo È®çúø’ ¶μ«í¬©’í¬ N¶μº->ç-î√®Ω’. -á) Åé~¬© Ææ´÷ç-ûª®Ω °æJ-´-®Ωh† G) Åé~¬© °æJ-v¶μº-´’ùç. ÉN È®ç-úø÷ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i-†N. Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ°j NüΔu®Ω’n©èπ◊ °æ‹Jh Å´-í¬-£æ«† Å´-Ææ®Ωç. Å™«Íí ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-èπ◊çú≈ ≤ƒüμ¿† îËߪ÷L. DE™ Ö†o ¶μ«´-††’ (concept) Eï@-N-û√-EéÀ ņ’-´JhÊÆh Ñ ÅüμΔu-ߪ÷Eo Ææ’©-¶μºçíØË®Ω’aéӴa, Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. iii) Ææ®Ω-∞¡-Í®-ê©’: ÉC î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ÅüμΔuߪ’ç. NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ éÀçC ûª®Ω-í∫ûª’™x Ææ®Ω-∞¡-Í®-ê©’ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊E Ö†oçü¿’ ´©x, éÌçîÁç v¨¡´’-ûÓØË Ææç°æ‹-®Ωgçí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©’-í∫’-û√®Ω’. DE™ a) Gçü¿’-´¤èπ◊, äéπ Ææ®Ω-∞¡-Í®ê ´’üμ¿u ü¿÷®Ωç ûÁ©’Ææ’éÓ´úøç, b) ©ç• §ƒü¿ç (Foot of perpendicular) c) v°æA-Gç-¶«© ¶μ«´-†©’ (Image of a Point with respect to a line) d) °æJ-´%ûªh Íéçvü¿ç (Circum Centre) e) ©ç• ÍéçvüΔ©’ ¢Á·ü¿-™„j†¢√öÀ-ûÓ-§ƒô’, ¶μ«´†©’ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i-†N. iv) Ææ®Ω-∞¡-Í®ë« ßª·í∫tç: ÉC ´’®Ó ´·êu-¢Á’i† ÅüμΔuߪ’ç. Éçü¿’™ NüΔu®Ω’n©’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ≤ƒüμ¿† îËߪ÷Lq-†N: ÆœüΔl¥ç-û√©’, ¢√öÀ ņ’-´-®Ωh† v°æ¨¡o©’, Ææ´’-°∂æ÷-B-ߪ’ûª, Ææñ«-B-ߪ’ûª O’ü¿ v°æ¨¡o©’. NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ OöÀE ≤ƒüμ¿† îËÊÆh ´’ç* ´÷®Ω’\©’ ≤ƒCμça. v) vA °æJ-´÷ù E®Ω÷-°æ-鬩’: E®Ω÷-°æéπ ñ«uN’AE ¶«í¬ ØË®Ω’aèπ◊çõ‰, vA°æ-J-´÷ù E®Ω÷-°æ鬩†’ î√™« Ææ’©-¶μºçí¬ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´îª’a. ´·êuçíÑ Å稡ç™ 2 ´÷®Ω’\© v°æ¨¡o©’ ´îËa Å´-鬨¡ç áèπ◊\´í¬ Öçô’çC. vi) Cé˙-éÌ-ÂÆj-Ø˛©’, Cé˙-Ææç-êu©’: Ñ Å稻-EéÀ ÆæC¨» Hï-í∫-ùÀ-ûªçûÓ ≤ƒO’-°æuûª Öçô’çC. 鬕öÀd Ñ ÅüμΔuߪ’ç èπ~◊ùoçí¬ ØË®Ω’aèπ◊çõ‰ I A ™E ÆæC¨» Hï-í∫-ùÀûªç î√™« Ææ’©-¶μºçí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-´îª’a. Ñ ÅüμΔu-ߪ÷Eo NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ ûªy®ΩíØË®Ω’aéÓí∫©’í∫-û√®Ω’. DE°j ¶«í¬ v¨¡ü¿l¥ °úÕûË áèπ◊\´ ´÷®Ω’\©’ ≤ƒCμçîªú≈-EéÀ Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC. vi) Ææ´’-ûª©ç: Ñ Å-üμΔu-ߪ÷Eo Ææ®Ω-∞¡-Í®-ê© Åüμ¿u-ߪ’-Ø√-EéÀ é̆-≤ƒ-Tç°æ¤í¬ Ê°®Ì\-†-´îª’a. Åçõ‰ Ææ®Ω-∞¡-Í®-ê© Ææ÷vû√-©†’ ØË®Ω’aèπ◊çõ‰ Ñ Å稡ç Ææ’©-¶μº-´’-´¤-ûª’çC. ✪ í∫´’-Eéπ: Ñ Å稻©’ NüΔu-®Ω’n-©’ -ûª-´’ Ü£æ…-¨¡-éÀhE ¶«í¬ °ç-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·. i)

éπ©-†-í∫-ùÀûªç ´÷uü∑¿-¢Á’-öÀé˙q IB, IIB ¶μ«´-Ø√-°æ-®Ωçí¬, ´÷®Ω’\-©-°æ®Ωçí¬ î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ÅüμΔuߪ’ç ÉC. éπ©-†-í∫ùÀûªçûÓ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ °æJ-îªßª’ç ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd áèπ◊\´ v¨¡ü¿l¥ûÓ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊E, Å´-í¬-£æ«† °ç-éÓ-¢√L. IA ™E v°æ¢Ë’-ߪ÷©’,

¢√öÀ Í®ë«-*-vû√-©†’ áçûª ¶«í¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ éπ©-†í∫-ùÀûªç Åçûª Ææ’©-¶μºçí¬ Å®Ωn´’-´¤-ûª’çC. a) NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ v°æ¢Ë’-ߪ÷-EéÀ îÁçC† Domain, Range ©†’ ᙫ ≤ƒCμç-î √™ Í®ë«-*-vû√© üΔy®√ ØË®Ω’aéÓ´úøç ´’ç*C. b) NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ ´÷°æéπ v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’ç, Æœí∫o¢˛’ v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’ç, ≤Ú§ƒ† v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’ç, °∂æ÷ûª v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’ç, ´uéπh v°æ¢Ë’ߪ’ç, Åçûª-Kx† v°æ¢Ë’-ߪ÷©’, vAéÓ-ù-N’-Bߪ’ v°æ¢Ë’-ߪ÷©’ ¢Á·ü¿-™„j-†N ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√L. viii) Å´-üμ¿’©’, ÅN-*a¥-†oûª, Å´-éπ-©-F-ߪ’ûª: -Ñ ÅüμΔu-ߪ’ç™ NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ ´÷®Ω’\©’ ≤ƒCμçîªúøç Ææ’©-¶μº-ç, Åçü¿’-´©x ¢√®Ω’ v°æ¨¡o-©éÀ Ææ´÷-üμΔ†ç ®√ÊÆ °æü¿l¥AE ¶«í¬ Çéπ-Rç°æ¤ îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L. Åçõ‰ ï¢√•’ ≤ƒCμçîË °æü¿l¥A O’ü¿ ´÷®Ω’\©’ ÇüμΔ-®Ω-°æúÕ Öçö«®·. ix) Å´-éπ-©†ç: IB ™ Ö†o Å´-éπ©†ç Å稻Eo ¶«í¬ Å´-í¬-£æ«† îËÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ II B™ -´-îËa Ææ´÷-éπ-©†ç -™„éπ\-©-†’ îËߪ’úøç ûËL-éπ-´¤-ûª’çC. NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ Å´-éπ-©† Ææ÷vû√-©†’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷Tç* áEo áèπ◊\´ ™„éπ\©’ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çõ‰ Åçûª ´’ç*C. Å™«Íí NNüμ¿ ®Ωé¬-™„j† Models ≤ƒüμ¿† îËߪ÷L. Ñ ÅüμΔu-ߪ÷Eo véπ´’-°æ-ü¿l¥-A™ ≤ƒüμ¿† îËÊÆh ´÷®Ω’\©’ ≤ƒCμçîªúøç Ææ’©¶μºç. Éçü¿’™ v°æü∑¿´’ Å´-éπ-©†ç, CyBߪ’ Å´-éπ-©-Ø√-©†’ ≤ƒüμ¿† îËߪ÷L. x) Å´-éπ-©†ç ņ’-´-®Ωh†ç: ÉC î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ÅüμΔuߪ’ç. DE™ a) Öñ«b®·ç-°æ¤-©-™ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† Ææ÷vû√©’: dy = f'(x) δx, δy = f(x + δx) − f(x), f(x + δx) = f' (x). δx + f(x).

DE ≤ƒüμ¿† §ÚöÃ-°æ-K-éπ~™x é¬uL-èπ◊u-™‰-ô®˝ ™‰èπ◊çú≈

´®Ω_´‚©ç ¢Á·ü¿-™„j-†N éπ†’-éÓ\-´-ú≈-EéÀ î√™« Ö°æßÁ÷-í∫°æ-úø’-ûª’çC. b) üÓ≥ƒ©’: DE™ E®Ω-Ê°éπ~ üÓ≠æç, ≤ƒÊ°éπ~ üÓ≠æç, üÓ≠æ-¨»ûªç Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀéà ûËú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E ØË®Ω’aéÓ¢√L. c) ´÷®Ω’p-Í®ô’: Eï-@-Nûª ņ’-´-®Ωh-Ø√-©ûÓ DE ≤ƒüμ¿† î√™« Ææ’©¶μºç Å´¤-ûª’çC. DEéÀ ¶μ˜A-éπ-¨»ÆæY Ææ÷vû√©’, Íé~vûª-í∫-ùÀûª Ææ÷vû√© Å´-í¬-£æ«† î√™« ´·êuç. Ñ v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Í®ë«-*vûªç UÆœ ï¢√•’ ®√ߪ÷L. ÉC í∫’®Ω’hç-éÓ¢√Lq† N≠æߪ’ç. d) Ææp®Ωz-Í®-ê©’, ÅGμ-©ç• ͮ꩒: NüΔu-®Ω’n©èπ◊ Ææ®Ω∞¡-Í®ê¢√©’ éπ†’-èπ◊\ØË °æü¿l¥-ûª’© Å´-í¬-£æ«† -Å´Ææ®Ωç. Ææ®Ω-∞¡-Í®-ê© ÆæO’-éπ-®Ωùç éπ†’-èπ◊\ØË °æü¿l¥A, ÅGμ-©ç• Í®ê© ÆæO’-éπ-®Ωùç éπ†’-èπ◊\ØË °æü¿l¥A èπ~◊ùoçí¬ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√L. e) ´’üμ¿u´’ ´‚©u ÆœüΔl¥çûªç: Ñ Å稡ç™ ®Ó™¸q ÆœüΔl¥çûªç, ™„ví¬çñ¸ ´’üμ¿u´’ ´‚©u ÆœüΔl¥ç-û√© ≤ƒüμ¿† ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. ÉN ÅN-*a¥-†oûª, Å´-éπ-©Ø√© O’ü¿ ÇüμΔ-®Ω-°æúÕ Öç-ö«®·. NüΔu-®Ω’n-©èπ◊, ÅN*a¥†o, N*a¥†o v°æ¢Ë’-ߪ÷©Â°j Å´-í¬-£æ«† î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç. f) í∫J≠æe, éπE≠æe N©’-´©’: Ñ Åç¨¡ç †’ç* 7 ´÷®Ω’\© v°æ¨¡o©’ ´îËa Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC. NüΔu®Ω’n©’ v°æü∑¿´’ Å´-éπ-©-Ø√-©’, CyBߪ’ Å´-éπ-©-Ø√-©†’ ≤ƒüμ¿† îËߪ÷L. Íé~vûª í∫ùÀûª ÆœüΔl¥ç-û√©’, Í®ë«-*-vû√-©†’ Ö°æßÁ÷TÆæ÷h OöÀ ≤ƒüμ¿† îËߪ’úøç Öûªh´’ç. í∫´’-Eéπ: NüΔu®Ω’n©’ v°æ¨¡o©’ ®√ÊÆ °æü¿l¥A î√™« ´·êuç. ✲ É*a† v°æ¨¡o †’ç* f(x) ®Ω÷°æç™ ÆæO’-éπ-®Ω-ù«Eo ®√ߪ’úøç. ✲ f'(x) éπ† ’-èπ◊\E, f'(x) = 0 îËÆ œ, 'x' N©’´ éπ†’éÓ\´úøç. ✲ f''(x) éπ†’-èπ◊\E 'x' N©’´†’ v°æA-Íé ~-°æù îËÆ œ í∫J≠æe ™‰üΔ éπE≠æe N©’-´-©™ àC Ææç¶μº-´¢Á÷ éπ†’éÓ\´úøç. ✲ f(x) ™ 'x' N©’´ v°æA-Íé ~-°æù îËÆ œ í∫J≠æe ™‰üΔ éπE≠æe N©’´ éπ†’éÓ\´úøç î√™« ´·êuç. ★

¶«uçé˙ Ç°∂ˇ ´’£æ…-®√≠æZ

¶«uçé˙ Ç°∂ˇ ´’£æ…-®√≠æZ ÂÆp≠æ-LÆˇd Ç°∂‘-Ææ®˝q (ÊÆ\™¸IV, II) §ÚÆæ’d© ¶μºKhéÀ ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h©’ éÓ®Ω’-ûÓçC. ★ ë«S©’: ¢Á·ûªhç ë«S©’ – 110 ★ <°∂ˇ ¢Ë’ØË-ï®˝ (¶«u™„Ø˛q ≠‘ö¸ – 1, ö«Íéq-≠æØ˛ – 1). Å®Ω|ûª: Æ‘à ÖBh-®Ωgûª, ņ’-¶μº´ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç. ´ßª’Ææ’: 25 †’ç* 35 Ææç´-ûªq-®√© ´’üμ¿u Öçú≈L. ★ ÆœN™¸ Éç>-F®˝ (ÊÆ\™¸ II) – 4 ★ á©-éÀZ-éπ™ ¸ Éç>-F®˝ – 2 ★ °∂j®˝ Éç>-F®˝ – 1 ✫ Å®Ω|ûª: ÆœN™¸/ á©-éÀZ-éπ™ ¸/ °∂j®˝ Éç>-F-Jç-í˚™  Ø√©’-Íí∞¡x ¶«u*-©®˝ úÕvU ÖBh-®Ωg-ûª-ûÓ-§ƒô’ éπFÆæç Å®·-üË∞¡x ņ’-¶μº´ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç. ✫ ´ßª’Ææ’: 25 †’ç* 35 Ææç´-ûªq-®√© ´’üμ¿u Öçú≈L. ★ ÆœN™¸ Éç>-F®˝ (ÊÆ\™¸ IV) – 1. ✫ Å®Ω|ûª: ÆœN™¸ Éç>-F-Jç-í˚™  úÕvU ™‰üΔ ûªûªq´÷† Å®Ω|ûª, ņ’-¶μº´ç Öçú≈L. ´ßª’Ææ’: 30 †’ç* 45 Ææç´-ûªq-®√© ´’üμ¿u Öçú≈L. ★ î√®Ωd®˝f Åéıç-õ„çö¸ – 100. Å®Ω|ûª: Æ‘à ÖBh-®Ωg-ûª-ûÓ§ƒô’ ņ’-¶μº´ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç. ´ßª’Ææ’: 21 †’ç* 35 Ææç´-ûªq-®√© ´’üμ¿u Öçú≈L.

áç°œéπ: ví∫÷°ˇ úÕÆæ \-≠æØ˛, °æ®Ωq-†™¸ Éçô®Ω÷yu ÇüμΔ®Ωçí¬. ★ ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h: ÇØ˛-™„j-Ø˛™ . ★ ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h ®Ω’Ææ’´·: ãHÆ‘/ ï†-®Ω™ ¸ Íéô-TK Ŷμºu®Ω’n-©èπ◊ ®Ω÷. 600, áÆ‘q/ áÆ‘d/ °‘úø-•÷xuúŒ Ŷμºu-®Ω’n©èπ◊ ®Ω÷.100. ★ -Ç-Ø˛-™„j-Ø˛ -ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h-©èπ◊ *´J ûËC: 7 ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ °æ‹-Jh -îËÆœ-† -ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h-©’ -îË®Ω-ú≈-EéÀ -*-´-J -ûË-C: 17 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ ★ ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸: www.bankofmaharashtra.in

ÂÆjö¸ Éç>-F®Ω’x

vÍíô®˝ £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ´·Eq-°æ™¸ 鬮Ìp-Í®-≠æØ˛ (@£«-î˝áçÆ‘) é¬ç-vö«èπ◊d -v§ƒ-A°æ-Céπ-† ÂÆjö¸ Éç>-F®˝ §ÚÆæ’d© ¶μºKhéÀ ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h©’ éÓ®Ω’-ûÓçC. ★ ë«S©’: 126 ★ Å®Ω|ûª: éπFÆæç 50 ¨»ûªç ÆœN™¸ Éç>-F-Jç-í˚™  HÑ/ Hõ„é˙ ÖBh-®Ω’g™„j Öçú≈L. ★ ´ßª’Ææ’: 21 †’ç* 45 Ææç´-ûªq-®√© ´’üμ¿u ´ßª’-Ææ’†o-¢√®Ω’ Å®Ω’|©’. ★ -¢Ë-ûª-†ç: -ØÁ-©èπ◊ ®Ω÷.20,000 ★ -áç°œéπ: -Åéπ-úÁ-N’é˙ -¢Á’-J-ö¸ -Ç-üμΔ®Ωçí¬. ★ -áç°œÈéj-† -Å-¶μºu®Ω’n-© -ñ«-G-û√-†’ -¢Á-¶¸ÂÆj-ö¸-™  -v°æéπöÀ≤ƒh®Ω’. 23 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ -†’ç-* Ææ-Jd°∂œÈé-ôx °æ-J-Q-©-† v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº-´’-´¤-ûª’ç-C. ★ ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h: ÇØ˛-™„j-Ø˛™ . ★ *´J ûËC: 20 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ ★ ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸: nac.edu.in

3

1. H {XMæü$ 糧æþ… ¯èþ$…_ AÆæÿ®Ôéç܈… A¯óþ 糧æþ… {Væüíßý… ^èþºyìþ…¨? & KÆÿ$$Mø‹Ü ¯ðþÐðþ$Æÿ$$¯Œþ 2. ÐéÅ´ëÆæÿ ^èþ{M>Ë íܧ鮅™éË$ H ç³Ç«¨ÌZMìü ÐèþÝë¢Æÿ$$? & ^èþ˯èþ AÆæÿ® Ôé{çÜ¢…

3. AÆæÿ® Ôéç܈Ðèþ$$¯èþ$ MîüÓ¯Œþ B‹œ ÝùçÙÌŒý òÜO¯ðþÞ‹Ü A° ^ðþí³µ¯èþ ÐéÆæÿ$ GÐèþÆæÿ$? & í³.G. ÔéÐèþ$*ÅÌŒý çܯŒþ 4. Ýë…{糧éÄæý$Mæü BÇ®Mæü Ðóþ™èþ¢Ë$ A¯óþ 糧鰲 Ððþ$$§æþsìý ÝëÇV> ^ðþí³µ¯èþ ÐéÆæÿ$? & M>ÆæÿÌŒý Ðèþ*ÆŠÿPüÞ 5. AÆæÿ®Ôéç܈°Mìü Ðèþ$…_ ^ðþyæþ$Ë™ø çÜ…º…«§æþ… Ìôý§æþ° ^ðþí³µ¯èþ BÇ®Mæü Ðóþ™èþ¢? & Æ>¼¯ŒþÞ 6. ÐðþOÄæý$$Mìü¢Mæü Äæý$*°rÏ çÜÐèþ$$§éÄæý*˯èþ$ A«§æþÅÄæý$¯èþ… ^óþÄæý$$¯èþ¨? & çÜ*®Ë AÆæÿ® Ôéç܈Ðèþ$$ 7. Æðÿ…yæþ$ ÐèþņÆóÿMæü ÔèýMæü$¢Ë$ çÜÐèþ*¯èþÐðþ$O¯èþç³#yæþ$ HÆæÿµyóþ ÑÆ>Ðèþ$ íÜ®†? & çÜÐèþ$™úËÅ…

8. BÇ®Mæü ÐèþÅÐèþçÜ®ÌZ G§ø JMæü ¿êVæü… çÜÐèþ$™úÌêÅ°² ç³Ç ÖÍ…_ ¯èþrÏÆÿ$$™óþ B íÜ®†° HÐèþ$…sêÆæÿ$? & ´ë„ìüMæü çÜÐèþ$™úËÅ…

9. BÇ®Mæü çÜÐèþ$çÜÅËMæü$ Ðèþ$*ËM>Ææÿ×ý… H¨? & Ðèþ¯èþÆæÿ$Ë MöÆæÿ™èþ 10. Ðèþ*¯èþÐèþ#° MøÆðÿP˯èþ$ {ç³™èþÅ„æü…V> ¡Æóÿa ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$? & Ñ°Äñý*Væü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ 11. Ðèþ*¯èþÐèþ#° MøÆðÿP˯èþ$ ç³Æø„æü…V> ¡Æóÿa ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ & E™éµ§æþMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ 12. {ç³Äñý*f¯é°² ´ùÍa ^ðþí³µ¯èþrÏÆÿ$$™óþ §é°² HÐèþ$…sêÆæÿ$? & BÇz¯èþÌŒý {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ…

13. JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#¯èþ$ Ðèþ#¯èþ²^ør ¯èþ$…_ ÐóþÆöMæü ^øsìýMìü ™èþÆæÿÍ…_¯èþ糚yæþ$ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ… ´÷…¨¯èþrÏÆÿ$$™óþ B {ç³Äñý*f¯é°² HÐèþ$…sêÆæÿ$? & Ý뮯èþ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ…

14. JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#¯èþ$ ÑÑ«§æþ Äæý$*°rÏÌZ Ñ°Äñý*W…_ ¯èþ糚yæþ$ B Ððþ$$™èþ¢… ÐèþçÜ$¢Æ>Õ ¯èþ$…_ ËÀ…_¯èþ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ… H¨? & Ððþ$$™èþ¢…þ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ…

15. çÜ*Mæü‡ AÆæÿ®Ôé{Ý뢰Mìü GMæü$PÐèþ {´ë«§æþ¯èþÅ™èþ C_a¯èþ BÇ®MæüÐóþ™èþ¢ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? & Ðèþ*ÆæÿÛÌŒý 16. çÜ*®Ë AÆæÿ® ÔéÝ눰Mìü GMæü$PÐèþ {´ë«§æþ¯èþÅ™èþ C_a¯èþ BÇ®MæüÐóþ™èþ¢ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$? & MþÞ 17. BÇ®üM>ÀÐèþ–¨®, õ³§æþÇMæü…, °Ææÿ$§øÅVæü…, gê¡Äæý$ B§éÄæý$… A¯óþÑ §óþ°Mìü çÜ…º…«¨…_…¨? & çÜ*®Ë AÆæÿ®Ôéç܈Ðèþ$$ 18. M>Ë…ÌZ Ðèþ*Ææÿ$µ ^ðþ…§óþ BÇ®Mæü M>ÆæÿÅMæüÌê´ë˯èþ$ A«§æþÅÄæý$¯èþ… ^óþõÜ Ôéç܈Ðèþ$$? & ^èþ˯èþ AÆæÿ®Ôé{çÜ¢Ðèþ$$ 19. BÇ®Mæü Äæý$*°sŒý JMæü çÜÐèþ$™úËÅ íÜ®† ¯èþ$…_ gêÇ ´ùÆÿ$$, †ÇW A§óþ^ør çÜÐèþ$™úÌêÅ°² ´÷…¨¯èþrÏ Æÿ$$™óþ §é°² HÐèþ$…sêÆæÿ$? & íÜ®Ææÿ çÜÐèþ$™úËÅ…

20. BÇ®þMæü ÐèþÅÐèþçÜ®¯èþ$ Ððþ$$™èþ¢…V> ç³ÇVæü×ìý…_, §é° çÜÐèþ$™úÌêÅ°² ç³ÇÖÍ…_¯èþrÏÆÿ$$™óþ §é°² HÐèþ$…sêÆæÿ$? & çÜÐèþ${Væü çÜÐèþ$™úËÅ…

21. Ý뫧æþ¯éË MöÆæÿ™èþ ÐèËÏ E™èþµ¯èþ²Ðèþ$Äôý$Å çÜÐèþ$çÜÅ H¨? & G…í³Mæü çÜÐèþ$çÜÅ

k˛eTyês¡+ 18 ôdô|º+ãsY, 2017

22. «§æþÆæÿ MæüÍW çÜç³ÏÆÿ$$ ç³ÇÑ$™èþ…V> E¯èþ² ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ HÑ? & BÇ®Mæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ 23. Eç³Äñý*W™éÐèþ$*ËÅ… MæüÍW¯èþ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë° Ðóþsìý° A…sêÆæÿ$? & E_™èþ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ 24. Ðèþ*¯èþÐèþ#° MøÆðÿP¯èþ$ ¡ÆæÿaVæüÍVóü ÔèýMìü¢° HÐèþ$…sêÆæÿ$? & {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ…

25. {MæüÐèþ$„îü×ý E´ë…™èþ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ… çÜ*{™èþ… {´ë«§æþÑ$Mæü ¿êÐèþ¯èþ¯èþ$ ^ðþí³µ¯èþ ÐèþÅMìü¢? & òßý{°MŠü òßýÆæÿïŒþ V>òܯŒþ 26. JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# {ç³Äñý*f¯é°Mìü, ç³ÇÐèþ*×ê°Mìü Ðèþ$«§æþÅ ¯èþ$¯èþ² çÜ…º…«§é°² ™ðþÍÄæý$gôýÄæý$$ çÜ*{™èþ… H¨ ? & {MæüÐèþ$„îü×ý E´ë…™èþ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ çÜ*{™èþ…

27. {MæüÐèþ$„îü×ý E´ë…™èþ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ çÜ*{™èþ… {ç³M>Ææÿ… JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#¯èþ$ ç³ÇÐèþ*×ý… ò³Ææÿ$Væü$™èþ$¯é² Mö©ª B ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# ¯èþ$…_ ËÀ…^óþ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ… HÐèþ$Ðèþ#™èþ$…¨? & „îü×ìýçÜ$¢…¨.

28. JMæü ÐèþÅMìü¢ Ðèþ§æþª E¯èþ² ÐèþçÜ$¢ ç³ÇÐèþ*×ý… JMæü Ñ«§æþ…V> ò³ÇW™óþ, A™èþ°Mìü çÜ…{MæüÑ$…^óþ A§æþ¯èþç³# {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ…

B ÐèþçÜ$¢Æ>Õ ò³Ææÿ$Væü$™èþ$¯èþ² Mö©ª „îü×ìýçÜ$¢…§æþ° ^ðþí³µ¯èþ BÇ®MæüÐóþ™èþ¢ GÐèþ-Ææÿ$?

40. B§éÄæý$… ò³ÇW™óþ ¯éíÜÆæÿMæ… ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$? & ™èþVæü$Y™èþ$…¨.

41. X, Y A¯óþ Æðÿ…yæþ$ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ {ç³™éÅÐèþ*²Äæý$ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# ËÆÿ$$¯èþç³#yæþ$ Y ÐèþçÜ$¢«§æþÆæÿ ò³ÇW™óþ X ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ HÐèþ$Ðèþ#™èþ$…¨? & ò³Ææÿ$Væü$™èþ$…¨.

42. {ç³™éÅÐèþ*²Äæý$ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#ËMæü$ gê™èþÅ…™èþÆæÿ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQÐéË$? & GyæþÐèþ$ ¯èþ$…yìþ Mæü$yìþMìü ò³OMìü E…r$…¨.

43. X, Y A¯óþ Æðÿ…yæþ$ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ ç³NÆæÿMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë Æÿ$$™óþ, Y ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# «§æþÆæÿ ò³ÇW™óþ X ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$? & ™èþVæü$Y™èþ$…¨.

44. yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQò³O Mæü§æþÍMæü G糚yæþ$ E…r$…¨? & ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# «§æþÆæÿ Ðèþ*ǯèþç³#yæþ$ 45. yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQ Mæü$yìþÐðþOç³#Mæü$ fÇW™óþ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ HÐèþ$Ðèþ#™èþ$…¨? & ò³Ææÿ$Væü$™èþ$…¨ 46. «§æþÆæÿ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓ… A¯óþ ¿êÐèþ¯èþ¯èþ$ {ç³ÐóþÔèýò³sìýt¯èþ BÇ®MæüÐóþ™èþ¢? & Ðèþ*ÆæÿÛÌŒý 47. ç³NÇ¢ AÐéÅMø^èþ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓç³# ÑË$Ðèþ? & çÜ$¯èþ² 48. HMæü™èþÓ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓç³# ÑË$Ðèþ? & JMæüsìýMìü çÜÐèþ*¯èþ…

49. HMæü™èþÓ ÐéÅMø^èþ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQ BM>Ææÿ…? & Ë…ºMø×ý A† ç³Æ>ÐèþËÄæý$…

50. JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ «§æþÆæÿ ™èþWY¯èþç³#yæþ$, Ððþ$$™èþ¢… QÆæÿ$a ò³ÇW¯èþrÏÆÿ$$™óþ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓ…? & JMæüsìý Mæü¯é² ™èþMæü$PÐèþ 51. JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# «§æþÆæÿ ™èþWY¯èþç³#yæþ$, Ððþ$$™èþ¢… QÆæÿ$a íÜ®Ææÿ…V>

63. JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Mæü$ JMó JMæüP Eç³Äñý*Væü… E¯èþ²rÏÆÿ$$™óþ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$? & AÐéÅMø^èþ…V> E…r$…¨ 64. E糚, AWY ò³sñýtËMæü$ VæüË yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$? & AÐéÅMø^èþÐèþ$$ 65. Mö¯èþ$VøË$ ÐéÆÿ$$§é ÐóþÄæý$VæüÍW¯èþ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#ËMæü$ VæüË yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$? & ÐéÅMø^èþ…V> E…r$…¨ 66. E§éïܯèþ™é Ðèþ{MæüÆóÿQË çÜÓÆæÿ*ç³… GÌê E…r$…¨? & H Æðÿ…yæþ$ Ðèþ{MæüÆóÿQË$ Q…yìþ…^èþ$MøÐèþ# 68. AÐèþM>Ôèý M>ÆæÿMæü A…ÔéË$¯èþ$ ™ðþÍÄæý$gôýÄæý$$ ÆóÿQ H¨? & ºyðþjsŒý ÆóÿQ 69. Ñ°Äñý*Væü§éÆæÿ$° B§éÄæý$… ™èþWY¯èþ糚yæþ$ ºyðþjsŒý ÆóÿQ GÌê E…r$…¨? & GyæþÐèþ$Mæü$ fÆæÿ$Væü$™èþ$…¨ 70. AÆæÿ®Ôéç܈…ÌZ {ç³Äñý*f¯éË çÜ–íÙt° HÐèþ$…sêÆæÿ$? & E™èþµ†¢ 71. Wòœ¯Œþ ÐðþOç³È™èþÅÐèþ$$ §óþ°Mìü Ñ$¯èþàÆÿ$$…ç³#? & yìþÐèþ*…yæþ çÜ*{™èþÐèþ$$Mæü$ 72. Ñ$Wͯèþ ç³ÇíÜ®™èþ$˱² íÜ®Ææÿ…V> E¯èþ²ç³šyæþ$ JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#¯èþ$ «§æþÆæÿÌZ Ðèþ_a¯èþ Ðèþ*Ææÿ$µ ÐèþËÏ JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ÌZ Ðèþ^óþa Ðèþ*Ææÿ$µ¯èþ$ ™ðþÍÄæý$gôýÄæý$…yìþ? & «§æþÆæÿ yìþÐèþ*…yŠþ 73. X, Y A¯óþ Æðÿ…yæþ$ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ {ç³™éÅÐèþ*²Äæý$ ÐèþçÜ$¢ Ðèþ#Ë Æÿ$$¯èþç³#yæþ$ Y ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# «§æþÆæÿ ò³ÇW™óþ X ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ HÐèþ$Ðèþ#™èþ$…¨? & ™èþVæü$Y™èþ$…¨.

74. X, Y A¯óþ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ ç³NÆæÿMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢ÐèþMæü$ËÆÿ$$™óþ X ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# «§æþÆæÿ ™èþWY™óþ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ HÐèþ$Ðèþ#™èþ$…¨? & ò³Ææÿ$Væü$™èþ$…¨.

75.ç³NÆæÿMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#ËMæü$ gê™èþÅ…™èþÆæÿ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQÐéË$ GÌê E…r$…¨? & GyæþÐèþ$ ¯èþ$…yìþ Mæü$yìþMìü {Mìü…¨Mìü ÐéË$¯èþ$ 76. «§æþÆæÿÌZ Ðèþ_a¯èþ A¯èþ$´ë™èþ Ðèþ*Ææÿ$µ, yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ÌZ Ðèþ_a¯èþ A¯èþ$´ë™èþ Ðèþ*Ææÿ$µ çÜÐèþ*¯èþ…V> E¯èþ²rÏÆÿ$$™óþ Ðèþ#¯èþ²rÏÆÿ$$™óþ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓ…? §é°² HÐèþ$…sêÆæÿ$? & JMæüsìýMìü çÜÐèþ*¯èþ… & HMæü™èþÓ ÐéÅMø^èþ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ 52. JMæü yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQ Ò$§æþ ¼…§æþ$Ðèþ#Ë Ðèþ§æþª yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ 77. °™éÅÐèþçÜÆæÿ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#ËMæü$ B§éÄæý$ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÐéÅMø ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓ…? ^èþ™èþÓÐèþ$$ H Ñ«§æþ…V> E…r$…¨? & À¯èþ²…V> E…r$…¨ & JMæüsìý Mæü¯é² ™èþMæü$PÐèþ 53. yìþÐèþ*…yŠþ ÆóÿQ Y A„>°² ™éMóü ¼…§æþ$Ðèþ# Ðèþ§æþª yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ 78. çÜ$¯é² B§éÄæý$ ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓÐðþ$O¯èþç³#yæþ$ B§éÄæý$ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQÐéË$? ÐéþÅMø^èþ™èþÓ…? & Y A„>°Mìü çÜÐèþ*…™èþÆæÿ…V> E…r$…¨ & A¯èþ…™èþ…

54. yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQ X A„>°² ™éMóü ¼…§æþ$Ðèþ# Ðèþ§æþª 79. JMæü Ñ°Äñý*Væü§éÆæÿ$yæþ$ JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Mæü$ ^ðþÍÏ…^èþyé°Mìü CçÙtç³yóþ «§æþÆæÿMæü$ ÐéçÜ¢Ðèþ…V> ^ðþÍÏ…^óþ «§æþÆæÿMæü$ Ðèþ$«§æþůèþ$¯èþ² yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓ…? ÐèþÅ™éÅçÜ…? & çÜ$¯é² & Ñ°Äñý*Væü§éÆæÿ$° Ñ$Væü$Ë$ 55. Ýëõ³„æü ÐéÅMø^èþ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÑË$Ðèþ?

80. Æðÿ…yæþ$ §óþÔéËÌZ° {ç³fË iÐèþ¯èþ íÜ®† Væü™èþ$˯èþ$ & JMæüsìý Mæü¯é² GMæü$PÐèþ ´ùËayé°Mìü Eç³MæüÇ…^óþ ¿êÐèþ¯èþ?

56. Ë…ºMø×ý A† ç³Æ>ÐèþËÄæý$… BM>Ææÿ…ÌZ Ðèþ#¯èþ² yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQ Ò$§æþ ÑÑ«§æþ ¼…§æþ$Ðèþ#Ë yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ & Ñ°Äñý*Væü§éÆæÿ$° Ñ$Væü$Ë$ 81. “VALUE AND CAPITAL” {Væü…£æþ Ææÿ^èþÆÿ$$™èþ? ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓ…? & çÜÐèþ*¯èþ…V> E…r$…¨ & íßýMŠüÞ 57. Ýëõ³„æü AÐéÅMø^èþ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÑË$Ðèþ?

82. Ñ°Äñý*Væü§éÆæÿ$°Mìü çÜÐèþ*¯èþ çÜ…™èþ–í³¢°^óþa ÐèþçÜ$¢ & JMæüsìý Mæü¯é² ™èþMæü$PÐèþ çÜÐèþ$$§éÄæý*˯èþ$ ™ðþÍÄæý$gôýÄæý$$ ç³sìýtMæü? & E§éïܯèþ™é ç³sìýtMæü 58. ¯éíÜÆæÿMæü… ÐèçÜ$¢Ðèþ#ËMæü$ B§éÄæý$ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÐéÅMø 83. JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# MøçÜ… Ðèþ$ÆöMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#¯èþ$ H Æóÿr$ÌZ ^èþ™èþÓ…? Ñ°Ðèþ$Äæý$… ^óþÝë¢yø ™ðþÍÄæý$gôýÄæý$$¯èþ¨? & º$$×ê™èþÃMæü…

59. JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Mæü$ {ç³™éÅÐèþ*²Äæý$ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$¯èþ²rÏÆÿ$$™óþ & {糆 Ýë®ç³¯ø´ë…™èþ Æóÿr$ 84. {糆 Ýë®ç³¯ø´ë…™èþ Æóÿr$ GËÏ糚yæþ* GÌê yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$?

E…r$…¨? & ÐéÅMø^èþ…V> E…r$…¨ & „îü×ìýçÜ$¢…¨ 60. Ððþ$$™èþ¢… {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ… ò³Ææÿ$Væü$™èþ$…sôý E´ë…™èþ 85. E§éïܯèþ™é Ðèþ{MæüÆóÿQ Ðèþ$*Ë ¼…§æþ$Ðèþ#Mæü$ H Ñ«§æþ…V> {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ…?

E…r$…¨? & „îü×ìýçÜ$¢…¨ 61. çÜ…ç³NÆæÿ~ B§éÄæý$ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓÐðþ$O¯èþç³#yæþ$ & Mæü$…¿êM>Ææÿ…V> 86. AÐèþM>Ôèý M>ÆæÿM>…Ôé˯èþ$ ™ðþÍÄæý$gôýÄæý$$ ÆóÿQ B§éÄæý$ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQÐéË$? & ºyðþjr$ ÆóÿQ & X & A„>°Mìü çÜÐèþ*…™èþÆæÿ…

87. Ñ°Äñý*Væü§éÆæÿ$° B§éÄæý$… ò³ÇW¯èþç³#yæþ$ ºyðþjsŒý ÆóÿQ 62. çÜ$¯é² B§éÄæý$ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÐéÅMø^èþ™èþÓÐðþ$O¯èþç³#yæþ$ H ÐðþOç³#Mæü$ fÆæÿ$Væü$¯èþ$?

B§éÄæý$ yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ÆóÿQÐéË$? & Mæü$yìþÐðþOç³#Mæü$ & Y & A„>°Mìü çÜÐèþ*…™èþÆæÿ…

GENERAL AWARENESS & Ðèþ*ÆæÿÛÌŒý 29. Ððþ$$™èþ¢… {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ… VæüÇçÙt Ýë®Æÿ$$ÌZ E¯èþ²ç³#yæþ$ E´ë…™èþ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ…? & çÜ$¯èþ² 30. Aç³NÆæÿÓ ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë õÜMæüÆæÿ×ý ÑçÙÄæý$…ÌZ ÐèþÇ¢…^èþ° çÜ*{™èþ… H¨? & „îü×Zý´ë…™èþ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ çÜ*{™èþ…

31. AÆæÿ® Ôéç܈…ÌZ ç܅糧æþ A…sôý? & BÇ®Mæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$ 32. E´ë…™èþ {ç³Äñý*f¯èþ ÆóÿQ ÐéË$ GÌê E…r$…¨? & GyæþÐèþ$ ¯èþ$…yìþ Mæü$yìþMìü {Mìü…§æþMìü ÐéË$¯èþ$ 33. yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ «§æþÆæÿMæü$, Ðèþ*ÆðÿPsŒý «§æþÆæÿMæü$ Ðèþ$«§æþůèþ$¯èþ² ÐèþÅ™éÅçÜ… H¨? & Ñ°Äñý*Væü §éÆæÿ$° Ñ$Væü$Ë$ 34. «§æþÆæÿMæü$, yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$Mæü$ Ðèþ$«§æþůèþ$¯èþ² çÜ…º…«§æþ… H¨? & ÑÌZÐèþ$ çÜ…º…«§æþ…

35. JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# «§æþÆæÿMæü$, yìþÐèþ*…yŠþMæü$ Ðèþ$«§æþůèþ$¯èþ² çÜ…º…«§æþÐèþ$$¯èþ$ ™ðþÍÄæý$gôýÄæý$$ ç³sìýtMæ H¨ü? & yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ç³sìýtMæü 36. JMæü Ñ°Äñý*Væü§éÆæÿ$yæþ$ ÑÑ«§æþ «§æþÆæÿË Ðèþ§æþª JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢ Ðèþ#¯èþ$¬ G…™ðþ…™èþ ç³ÇÐèþ*×ý…ÌZ Mö…r$¯é²yø ™ðþÍÄæý$ gôýÄæý$$ ç³sìýtMæü? & ÐðþOÄæý$Mìü¢Mæü yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ç³sìýtMæü 37. ÐðþOÄæý$Mìü¢Mæü yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ ç³sìýtMæü˯èþ$ MæüË$ç³V> Ðèþ^óþa¨ H¨? & Ðèþ*ÆðÿPsŒý yìþÐèþ*…yŠþ ç³sìýtMæü 38. Ñ$Wͯèþ ç³ÇíÜ®™èþ$˱² íÜ®Ææÿ…V> E¯èþ²ç³šyæþ$ Ñ°Äñý*Væü §éÆæÿ$° B§éÄæý$…ÌZ Ðèþ^óþa Ðèþ*Ææÿ$µË ÐèþËÏ JMæü ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ# yìþÐèþ*…yæþ$ÌZ Ðèþ^óþa Ðèþ*Ææÿ$µ¯èþ$ ™ðþÍÄæý$ gôýÄæý$$¯èþ¨? & B§éÄæý$ yìþÐèþ*…yŠþ 39. B§éÄæý$… ò³ÇW¯èþç³#yæþ$ Ñ°Äñý*Væü§éÆæÿ$yæþ$ Mö¯óþ ÐèþçÜ$¢ ç³ÇÐèþ*×ý… ò³ÇW¯èþrÏÆÿ$$™óþ B ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#˯èþ$ HÐèþ$…sêÆæÿ$? & Ðóþ$Ë$ÆæÿMæü… ÐèþçÜ$¢Ðèþ#Ë$