Education_23-10-2018

Ú•êŸhÞ¥ ÷uÚ¨hêŸy ÍÙø‹õª! ›í-í£ôÂn-1, áì-ô¢öËÀ ú£dè†-úÃ-

ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË í£GxÚ ú£Kyúà ÚÛNªù£û vÞœ«íÃn-1 ví‡Lîªq í£K¤Û ú‡õ-ñúÃ

-÷«-ô¢ª\õª:- 120 ví£øŒoõ ú£ÙÜu:- 120 ú£÷ªóŸªÙ:- 120 ENª-ÿ§-õª-

ìÙ-êŸô¢Ù òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ n- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ ô¦vÿ§dõ í£±ì-ôÂ-÷u-÷-úˆ–-ÚÛ-ô¢é.-

Ó.- àŸJvêŸ, ú£Ùú£\”A

Gz ô¦â°uÙÞœÙ, ð§Læ©, þ§÷«->ÚÛ û¦uóŸªÙ, ÍÙêŸ-ô¦b-BóŸª ú£ÙñÙ-ëů-õª

1.- ú‡ÙëÅ]« û¦Þœ-J-ÚÛêŸ:- õ¤Û-é°õª, ví£ë¶-ø‹õª, ú£÷«áÙ, þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ àŸJvêŸ, ÚÛüŒõª, ÷ªêŸÙ.î ¶ë]-Ú¥õÙ n- ÷ªï£„-á-ì-í£-ëǯõª, ÷ªê¦õª nâËμjì-÷ªêŸÙ, ò®ë]ÌÄ-÷ªêŸÙ.÷ª-ÞœëÅ] þ§v÷«áuÙ, ÷ª®ô¢ªuõª, Në¶Q ë]Ùè[óŸ«-vêŸõª n- î¦æ¨ ví£òÅ°÷Ù, ÚÛªÿ§-éªõª.- ø‹êŸ-î¦ï£°-ìªõª, ú£Ùޜ٠óŸ³ÞœÙ, øŒ‰ÙÞœªõª, Þœªí£h þ§v÷«áuÙ n- î¦J í£J-ð§-õì n- þ§÷«->ÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ, ÷ªêŸ í£J-ú‡–-꟪õª n- ÚÛüŒõª, Eô¦t-é-ø˘jL, þ§ï‡°êŸuÙ, ø‹ú£Y þ§Ù¸Ú-AÚÛ Nâ‘°ìÙ.2.- í£±ù£u-òÅ¡«A ÷ÙøŒÙ sÚÛû½âËÀz, î¦J ›ú÷õª, ë]¤¨é òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ ô¦â°uõª n- ò°ë¯Nª à¦üŒ‰ÚÛªuõª, ꟫ô¢ªp à¦üŒ‰-ÚÛªuõª, ô¦ù£Z-ÚÛ«-åªõª, ÚÛü°ué¨ à¦üŒ‰-ÚÛªuõª, àÁüŒ‰õª, ˺óŸª-þ§-õªõª, Ú¥ÚÛ-B-óŸ³õª, ·ôè…“ ô¦Võª.3.- èÅ…Mx ú£ªö°h-ìªõª, Ná-óŸª-ì-Þœô¢ þ§v÷«áuÙ, îμ³ÞœöËÀ þ§v÷«áuÙ, òÅ¡Ú¨h Ñë]u÷ªÙ, ú£«íƈ Ñë]u÷ªÙ.- í£J-ð§-õì, ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£–, ú£÷«áÙ, ÷ªêŸÙ, þ§ï‡°êŸuÙ, ÚÛüŒõª, î¦ú£ªh PõpÙ.4.- òÅ°ô¢-êÂö˺ óŸ´ôÁ-í‡-óŸªû ÷ô¢hÚÛ ú£ÙíÆ£«õª nòËμÙÞ¥öËÀ, ò°Ùò˶, ÷ªvë¯úÃ, îμªiú£«ô¢ª, ÎÙvëÅ], Eâ°Ù-õšíj ví£ê¶uÚÛ ë]”ù‡dêÁ ÎCÅ-í£êŸuÙ ÚÁú£Ù ð¼ô¦åÙ, Þœ÷-ô¢oô áì-ô¢öËÀq, î μjvþ§-óÀªõª.5.- 1857 òÅ°ô¢êŸ þ§yêŸÙvêŸu ð¼ô¦åÙ n- í£±åªdÚÛ, ú£yòÅ°÷Ù, Ú¥ô¢-é°õª, í£ô¢u-÷-þ§-û¦õª, vð§÷³ÜuêŸ, ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂÚÛª ví£ê¶uÚÛ ë]”ù‡dêÁ 19÷ øŒê¦ñÌÙö˺ òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ, ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂö˺ þ§÷«->ÚÛ, ÷ªêŸ ú£Ùú£\-ô¢-éËÁ-ë]u-÷«õª, þ§yêŸÙvêŸu ú£÷ªô¢Ù, òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ ö˺í£õ, î μõª-í£õ Ní£x-÷-Ú¥-ô¢ªõª.6.-÷ªï£„-ê¦t-Þ¥ÙDÅ Îö˺-àŸ-ìõª, ú‡ë¯ÌÄÙ-ê¦õª, EóŸª-÷«õª, êŸêŸyÙ ÷³Üu-îμªiì ú£ê¦u-vÞœ-õª, þ§yêŸÙvêŸu ð¼ô¦åÙ, þ§yêŸÙ-vê¦u-ìÙ-êŸô¢Ù òÅ°ô¢êŸ-ë¶øŒ í£±ì-¸ô-Ú©-ÚÛ-ô¢-éö˺ ú£ô¦Ìô í£ç˶öËÀ, ú£ªòÅ°ùà àŸÙvë]-ò˺-úÃõ ð§vêŸ.è¯.- G.-ÎôÂ.-ÍÙò˶-è[\ôÂ, ÎóŸªì @NêŸÙ, ô¦áuÙÞœ Eô¦t-éÙö˺ ÎóŸªì ð§vêŸ, þ§yêŸÙ-vê¦u-

1.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦â°uÙÞœÙ:- í£J-é°÷ªÙ, õ¤Û-é°õª, íˆJÈÚÛ, vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ ï£°ÚÛª\õª, vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ NëÅ]ªõª, Îë¶-PÚÛ ú£«vê¦õª, ú£÷-ô¢-éõª, ví£ê¶u-ÚÛ-îμªiì ÍÙø‹õª, ÷ª®LÚÛ ú£yô¢«í£Ù.2.- ¸ÚÙvë], ô¦vÿ§dõ NëÅ]ªõª, ò°ëÅ]u-êŸõª, ð§ô¢xîμªÙæÀ, ô¦ù£Z ø‹ú£-ì-ú£-òÅ¡õª:- Eô¦téÙ, NëÅ]ªõª, ÍCÅ-Ú¥-ô¦õª, ú£÷«Üu ÷u÷-ú£–ÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#ì ú£÷ª-ú£uõª, ú£î¦üŒ‰x :- þ§–EÚÛ ú£Ùú£–õ þ§–ô³ ÷ô¢ÚÛª ÍCÅ-Ú¥-ô¦õª, ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷ì-ô¢ªõ N¸ÚÙ-vD-ÚÛ-ô¢é, î¦æ¨ö˺ ú£÷ª-ú£uõª.3.- ô¦â°uÙ-Þœ-ñë]ÌÄ ú£Ùú£–õª, ÍCÅ-Ú¥-ô¦õª, NëÅ]ªõª, ò°ëÅ]u-êŸõª.í£Ù-à¦-óŸª-B-ô¦âËÀ, ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy Nëů-û¦õª sí£GxÚ ð§õúˆz, ð§õ-ì4.- ð§õ-ìšíj ú£ô¢-SÚÛ-ô¢é, wšíjî ¶-æ©-ÚÛ-ô¢é, ví£í£Ù-<-ÚÛô¢é ví£òÅ°÷Ù.- àŸåd-ñë]ÌÄ, EóŸªÙ-vAêŸ, 𧤨ÚÛ û¦uóŸª-ú£Ù-ú£–õª sÚ¥y@ n- Vuè†-ù‡-óŸªöËÀz 5.- ÚÛª\õ ú£÷ª-ú£uõª s÷«ì÷ ÚÛª\õª, ÷ªï‡°ü° ÚÛª\õª, Óúˆq/- Óúˆd ÚÛª\õª, ò°õõ ÚÛª\õªz îμ³ë]-öËμj-ìN.6.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ Në¶-ø‹ÙÞœ NëůìÙ n- ÍÙêŸ-ô¦b-BóŸª ú£ÙñÙ-ëůõª n- ÷³Üu-îμªiì ú£Ùú£–õª, ÔâËμ-Fqõª, NNëÅ] î ¶C-ÚÛõª n- î¦æ¨ Eô¦téÙ, ÍCÅ-Ú¥ô¢ í£JCÅ.¸ÚÙvë], ô¦ù£Z ví£òÅ¡ª-ê¦yõ ÷³Üu-îμªiì Nëů-û¦õª, Ú¥ô¢u-vÚÛ-÷«õª.-

ú‡z òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ, ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£–, ví£é°-R-ÚÛ-õª 1.- ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ àμÙë]ª-꟪ìo ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷-ú£–Þ¥ òÅ°ô¢-êŸë¶øŒ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£– vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ õ¤Û-é°õª nþ§yêŸÙvêŸuÙ ð»ÙC-ì-í£pæ¨ ìªÙ# ÎJ–ÚÛ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ n- ví£é°-R-ÚÛõ Ná-óŸ«õª n- FA Îóμ«ÞÂ, ÎJ–-Ú¥-GÅ÷”-CÌÄÚ¨ FA Îóμ«Þ NëůìÙ n- ÷”CÌÄ, í£Ùí‡é© û¦uóŸªÙ.- ÎJ–-Ú¥-GÅ-÷”CÌÄ, ÷«ì-î¦-GÅ-÷”CÌÄ ú£«< nví£í£Ù-àŸÙö˺òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ þ§–ìÙ n- í£ô¦u-÷-ô¢é ¤©éêŸ.ú£î¦üŒ‰xn-ú£ªú‡–-ô¦-GÅ-÷”CÌÄn-í£ô¦u-÷-ô¢é NëůìÙ.-

2.- â°BóŸª Îë¯óŸªÙ n- ë¯EÚ¨ ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ-#ì òÅ°÷-ìõª, NòÅ°-Þ¥õª n- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ â°BóŸª Þœé°ÙÚ¥õª n- áû¦òÅ° ú£ÙñÙ-CÅêŸ ÍÙø‹õª n- ›íë]-JÚÛÙ, Íú£-÷«-ì-êŸõª n- ÷”Ah-í£-ô¢-îμªiì Eô¦téÙ, Eô¢ªëÁuޜ٠n- NNëÅ] Ñð§CÅ ÚÛõpì, ›íë]-JÚÛ Eô¢«t-õì í£ëÇ]-Ú¥õª.- vÞ¥Oª-é°-GÅ-÷”CÌÄ, í£åd-é°-GÅ-÷”CÌÄ ÍÙø‹õª.3.- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ ÷u÷-þ§óŸªÙ n- þ§Þœª-Fæ¨ ÷u÷ú£–, Fô¢ªn-÷u÷-þ§óŸª šíåªd-ñ-è[ªõªn- ÷u÷-þ§óŸª ÷²uÙ, ÷u÷-þ§óŸª NëůìÙ n- ÷u÷-þ§-óŸª-ô¢ÙÞœ ú£Ù¤ÁòÅ¡Ù, òÅ¡«ú£Ù-ú£\-ô¢-éõª n- ÷u÷-þ§óŸª í£ô¢-í£A n- ÚÛFú£ ÷ªë]Ì꟪ ëÅ]ô¢õª n- ð¼ù£-Ú¥-ô¢ ö˺í£Ù, Îô¢ òÅ¡vë]êŸ n- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ ô¢Ùޜ٠n- ð§Jvø‹-NªÚÛ NëůìÙn-òÅ°ô¢-êÂö˺ êŸóŸ«K þ§dôÂd ÍíÃ, þ§dÙè Ííà ڥô¢u-vÚÛ-÷«õªn- ví£ê¶uÚÛ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷ªÙè[üŒ‰x, ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ Ú¥J-è¯ô¢ªx n- ÏÙëÅ]ì, øŒÚ¨h Nëů-û¦õª, ÎJ–ÚÛ ú£Ùú£\-ô¢-éõª, ú£ô¢-SÚÛ-ô¢é, wšíjî¶ -æ©-ÚÛ-ô¢é, ví£í£Ù<-ÚÛ-ô¢é, ÍÙêŸ-ô¦b-BóŸª î¦é¨áuÙ, àμLxÙ-í£±õ øË™ù£ÙnòÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ, ví£í£ÙàŸ î¦é¨áu ú£Ùú£–.4.- ÎJ–ÚÛ ú£Ùú£–õª n- òÅ°ô¢-BóŸª JáôÂy ò°uÙÚÛª n- vë]÷u NëůìÙ, ò°uÙÚ¨ÙÞÂ, ÎJ–ÚÛ ô¢ÙÞœ ú£Ùú£\ô¢-éõª n- î¦é¨áu ò°uÙÚÛªõª, Eô¢-ô¢ÌÄÚÛ Îú£ªhõª nšíÆjû¦-E{-óŸªöËÀ ÷«·ô\åªx n- Íú‡–-ô¢-ê¦yõª n- þ§dÚ ӸÚq-¬aÄÙ-âËÀõª, šúH n- òÅ°ô¢êŸ í£ìªoõ ÷u÷ú£–, Ïæ©÷õ ÷«ô¢ªpõª n- ÷ú£ªh-›ú-÷õ í£ìªo, î¦é¨áuÙ, í£J-vøŒ-÷ª-õšíj ë¯E ví£òÅ°÷Ù n- ¸ÚÙvë], ô¦vÿ§dõ ÎJ–ÚÛ ú£ÙñÙ-ëůõª n- ÎJ–ÚÛ ÚÛNª-ù£ìªx n- ÷ì-ô¢ªõ í£Ùí£ÚÛÙ, NòÅ¡-áì n- ví£â°-ô¢ªéÙ, ví£â°-÷uóŸªÙ nÚÁøŒ NëůìÙ, ñèËμbæÀ.5.- 1z 2014 NòÅ¡-áì êŸô¦yêŸ ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£– õ¤Û-é°õª/- vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ õ¤Û-é°õª nú£ï£°á ÷ì-ô¢ªõ ú£ÙvÚÛ-÷ªé, ô¦ù£Z Îë¯-óŸªÙšíj NòÅ¡-áì ví£òÅ°÷Ù n- ìD-á-ö°õ í£Ùí£ÚÛÙ Nî¦ë¯õª, þ§Þœª-Fæ¨ ÷u÷-ú£–šíj î¦æ¨ ví£òÅ°÷Ù nð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ, î¦é¨áu ô¢ÙÞ¥-õÚÛª ì«êŸì ú£÷ªú£uõª n- ÷ª®LÚÛ ú£ë]ª-ð§-óŸ«õ ÍGÅ-÷”-CÌÄÚ¨ ì«êŸì à•ô¢-÷õª n- Në]ªuêÂ, ô¢î¦é° n- Ïìpĸôt-ù£û çËμÚ¥o-õ@, Ïn-Þœ÷-·ôoûÂq n- ÷u÷-þ§óŸªÙ, í£J-vøŒ-÷ªõª, þ§÷«->ÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥ö˺x ÍGÅ-÷”-CÌÄÚ¨ Nëů-û¦õª, à•ô¢-÷õª n- í£åd-é©-ÚÛ-ô¢é, þ§tôÂd ìÞœô¦õªn- ûμjí£±-é°u-GÅ-÷”CÌÄ n- Ñð§CÅ, þ§÷«->ÚÛ ú£Ù¸¤÷ª Ú¥ô¢u-vÚÛ-÷«õª.-

2z ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øËÂ í£±ì-ô¢y-÷-úˆ–-ÚÛ-ô¢é àŸådÙ, 2014 nNòÅ¡-áì íÆ£L-êŸÙÞ¥ Ôô¢p-è[ª-꟪ìo ÎJ–ÚÛ ú£÷ª-ú£uõª n- ì«êŸì ô¦á-ëůE Eô¦t-é°-EÚ¨ ¸ÚÙvë] ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy ú£ï£°-Ú¥ô¢Ù, Îë¯óŸª ìÿ§d-EÚ¨ í£J-ô¢Ù n- î μìª-ÚÛñ-è…ì >ö°xõ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ n- î μjâ°Þ ·ôjö˶y â˺ûÂ, ÚÛè[í£ ÑÚÛª\ ðƧuÚÛdK, ë]ªÞœ_-ô¦-á-í£åoÙ N÷«-û¦vøŒóŸªÙ n- ÓÚÂq-všíúÃ î ¶õª, ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ Ú¥J-è¯ô¢ªx îμ³ë]-öËμj-ìN.- ví£ê¶uÚÛ ï£°Ëºë¯, ví£ê¶uÚÛ ú£ï£„óŸªÙ nNî¦ë]Ù n- ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy î μjÜJ, àŸô¢u.-

þ§Ù¸Ú-AÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥õ Íìª-÷-ô¢hì, ì«êŸì ÎN-ù£\-ô¢éõª, ø‹ú£Yn-þ§Ù¸Ú-AÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥-õšíj â°BóŸª Nëůû¦õª.- ì«êŸì ÎN-ù£\-ô¢-éõª, ø‹ú£Yn-þ§Ù¸Ú-AÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥õ Íìª-ú£Ù-ëů-û¦Eo vð¼êŸq--ú£ªhìo òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ-ö˺E ú£Ùú£–õª.- î¦æ¨ Ú¥ô¢u-ÚÛ-ö°-ð§õª, þ§CÅÙ-#ì íÆ£L-ê¦õª.- ví£÷³Ü òÅ°ô¢-BóŸª ø‹ú£Y-î ¶-êŸhõ ›ú÷õª.19.- ú£÷«-à¦ô¢, òÅ°÷ ví£þ§ô¢ þ§Ù¸Ú-A-ÚÛêŸ sÕúˆæ©z:- ú£yòÅ°÷Ù, í£JCÅ, ëμjìÙ-Cì @N-êŸÙö˺ Õúˆæ©, Õúˆæ©n- í£J-vøŒ-÷ªõª, Õúˆæ©n- í£J-ð§-õì, Õúˆæ©n- NE-óμ«-Þ¥Eo vð¼êŸq-ÙචNNëÅ] ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy í£ëÇ]-Ú¥õª, Ïn-Þœ÷-·ôoûÂq Ú¥ô¢u-vÚÛ-÷«õª, ›ú÷õª, ÍÙêŸ-ô¦bõ NCÅ-N-ëů-û¦õª, â°BóŸª šújñô òÅ¡vë]êŸ ÍÙø‹õª, â°BóŸª šújñô w·Újîª NëůìÙ.20.- ÍÙêŸ-J¤Û, ô¢¤Ûé ô¢ÙÞ¥ö˺x þ§Ù¸Ú-A-ÚÛêŸ:- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ÍÙêŸ-J¤Û Ú¥ô¢u-vÚÛ-÷«õ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ, òÅ°ô¢êŸ ÍÙêŸ-J¤Û í£J-øËÁ-ëÅ]ì ú£Ùú£– sÏvþ¼z, ë¯E Ú¥ô¢u-ÚÛ-ö°-ð§õª, NáóŸ«õª, NNëÅ] Ñí£-vޜ Ú¥ô¢u-vÚÛ-÷«õª, çËμM-ÚÛ-÷´uE-¸Ú-ù£û Ñí£-vÞœ-õª, ÏÙè…-óŸªû Ká-ìöËÀ û¦N-¸Þù£û Ñí£-vޜ ÷u÷ú£– sÕ.-ÎôÂ.-ÓûÂ.-ÓúÃ.-ÓúÃ.-z, ÏÙè…-óŸªû Jîμ«æÀ ûμEqÙÞ sÕ.-ÎôÂ.-ÓúÃ.-z ø‹æ-̈ öËμjæÀq, ô¢¤Ûé Ñí£-vÞœ-õª, Në¯u ú£ÙñÙëÅ] Ñí£-vޜõª sÓè[ªu-ø‹æÀz, ô¢¤Ûé í£J-øËÁ-ëÅ]ì, ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ ú£Ùú£– sè†ÎôÂ-è†×z n- ë¯ô¢)-E-ÚÛêŸ sNáûÂz, Ú¥ô¢u-àŸô¢é ví£é°-RÚÛ sNªù£ûÂz, Ú¥ô¢u-ÚÛ-ö°-ð§õª.21.- øŒÚ¨h Í÷-ú£-ô¦õª, þ§÷ª-ô¢–¬uÙ:- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ

ví£ú£ªhêŸ ÏÙëÅ]ì Í÷-ú£-ô¦õª n- Ú•ô¢êŸ, ë¶øŒÙö˺ øŒÚ¨h ÷ì-ô¢ªõª n- î¦æ¨šíj Îëů-ô¢-í£-è[ª-꟪ìo NëÅ]Ù, òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ ÏÙëÅ]ì NëůìÙnví£òÅ¡ªêŸy í£ëÇ]-Ú¥õª, Ú¥ô¢u-vÚÛ-÷«õª.- þ¿ô¢-øŒÚ¨h, í£÷ì øŒÚ¨h, Íéª-øŒÚ¨h.22.- í£ô¦u-÷-ô¢é ø‹ú£YÙ:- í£ô¦u-÷-ô¢é ÍÙø‹õª, ú£÷ª-ú£uõª:- àŸåd-í£-ô¢-îμªiì ÍÙø‹õª, â°BóŸª, ÍÙêŸ-ô¦b-BóŸª þ§–ô³ö˺ í£ô¦u-÷-ô¢é í£J-ô¢¤Û-éÚÛª Nëů-û¦õª, Öí£pÙ-ë¯õª:- @÷ î μjNëÅ]uÙ n- vð§÷³ÜuêŸ, ú£ÙñÙ-CÅêŸ ÍÙø‹õª:- î¦ê¦-÷-ô¢é ÷«ô¢ªp.ÍÙêŸ-ô¦b-B-óŸªÙÞ¥ Bú£ª-ÚÛªìo à•ô¢-÷õª sNëůû¦õª, vð¼æ˺-Ú¥öËÀqz, òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ Eñ-ë]ÌÄêŸ; Íè[÷±õª, ÷ìu-vð§-éªõª n- ë¶øŒÙö˺ Íè[-÷±õª, ÷ìuvð§-éªõ ú£Ùô¢¤Û-éÚÛª à¶ú‡ì àŸæ°dõª; í£ô¦u-÷-ô¢é ú£ÙñÙ-CÅêŸ Íð§-óŸ«õª, Ú¥õªù£uÙ, ÚÛô¢(ì Ñë¯_ô¢Ù, ÞÁxñöËÀ î¦JtÙÞÂ.- î¦ê¦-÷-ô¢é ÷«ô¢ªp, Ní£êŸªh Eô¢y--éšíj â°BóŸª Ú¥ô¦u-àŸ-ô¢-éõª.ñóμ«-çËμ-Ú¥o-õ@, û¦ûÁ çËμÚ¥o-õ@; ú£yòÅ°÷Ù, í£JCÅ, ë¯E Íìª-÷-ô¢h-û¦õª, ûμjAÚÛ, þ§÷«->ÚÛ, û¦uóŸª-í£-ô¢-îμªiì ú£÷ª-ú£uõª.- ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy Nëů-û¦õª.âìªu sâËμûμ-æ¨ÚÂz ÏÙá-F-JÙÞÂ; ú£ÙñÙ-CÅêŸ ÍÙø‹õª ÷«ì÷ @N-êŸÙšíj ë¯E ví£òÅ°÷Ù.ÎôÁÞœuÙn- í£ô¦u-÷-ô¢éÙ.â°-BóŸª, ÍÙêŸ-ô¦b-BóŸª, vð§ÙBóŸª ÷ô¢h-÷«ì ÍÙø‹-õª

è…z òÅ¡«ÞÁ-üŒ-ø‹-ú£YÙ 1.- þ§ëů-ô¢é òÅ¡«ÞÁ-üŒ-ø‹ú£YÙ:- þ¿ô¢ ÷u÷-ú£–ö˺ òÅ¡«Nª, òÅ¡«vòÅ¡-÷ªéÙ, Ú¥õÙ, ô¢ªêŸª-÷±õª, òÅ¡« ÍÙêŸ-ô¦(ÄÞœÙ, ÷³Üu-îμªiì òÅ¡« þ§yô¢«-ð§õª, î¦æ¨ õ¤Û-é°õª.- î¦ê¦-÷-ô¢éÙ n- Eô¦téÙ, ÚÛ«ô¢ªp, QêÁ-ù£g-ú‡–A NòÅ°-Þ¥õª, Ú¥ô¢-Ú¥õª, î¦óŸ³ vë]÷u ô¦øŒ‰õª, î¦óŸ³ ú£J--ë]ªÌõª svíÆ£ÙæÀqz, î¦ê¦-÷-ô¢é ví£A-ñÙ-ëÅ]-Ú¥õª, QêÁ-ù£gú‡–A ÷«ô¢ªp.- ÷ªï£„-ú£-÷³-vë¯õª:- òÅ®AÚÛ, ô¢þ§óŸªì, @÷ ú£ÙñÙëÅ] õ¤Û-é°õª, áõ ú£ÙñÙëÅ] Ní£-꟪hõª, ú£÷³vë], ÜÙè¯Ù-êŸô¢ ÷ì-ô¢ªõª.2.- òÅ®AÚÛ òÅ¡«ÞÁ-üŒ-ø‹ú£YÙ:- ví£í£ÙàŸÙ, òÅ°ô¢êÂ, ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øËÂ.- ÷³Üu-îμªiì òÅ®AÚÛ NòÅ°-Þ¥õª, òÅ¡«ÚÛÙ-ð§õª, òÅ¡«ð§-ê¦õª, ú£ï£°á Fæ¨-ð§-ô¢ªë]õ, î¦ê¦-÷-ô¢é ÷«ô¢ªpõª, vð§Ùê¦õª, ô¢ªêŸªí£-÷-û¦õª, ú£ï£°á ÑC(Äá ú£Ùí£ë], â°BóŸª ð§ô¢ª\õª, ú£Ùô¢¤Ûé ¸ÚÙvë¯õª, ÷³Üu-îμªiì û¶õõ ô¢Ú¥õª, Põõª, ÜE-â°õª.3.- þ§÷«->ÚÛ, òÅ®ÞÁ-R-ÚÛ-ø‹ú£YÙ:- ví£í£ÙàŸÙ, òÅ°ô¢êÂ, ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øËÂ:- í£Ùí‡é©, þ§Ùvë]êŸ, ÷”CÌÄ, LÙÞœ Eù£pAh, ͤÛ-ô¦-ú£uêŸ, ÷”Ah ú£yô¢«í£Ù, Óúˆq, Óúˆd áû¦òÅ°, vÞ¥Oªé n- í£ådé NòÅ°-Þ¥õª, â°êŸªõª, TJ-áì, ÷ªêŸ, òÅ°ÿ§ ú£÷´-õª, í£åd-é©-ÚÛ-ô¢é, ÷õ-ú£õª, îμªvæ˺-ð§-L-åû vð§Ùê¦õª.4.- ÎJ–ÚÛ òÅ®ÞÁ-R-ÚÛ-ø‹ú£YÙ:- ví£í£ÙàŸÙ, òÅ°ô¢êÂ, ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øËÂ:- ví£ëůì ÎJ–ÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥õª, ÷u÷þ§óŸªÙ, í£J-vøŒ-÷ªõª, ›ú÷õª, î¦æ¨ ÷³Üu õ¤Ûé°õª, ÷ª®LÚÛ í£J-vøŒ-÷ªõª n- ÷u÷-þ§óŸª, ÜEá, ÍåO, ÏÙëÅ]ì, ÷«ì÷ Îëů-JêŸ í£J-vøŒ÷ªõª, ô¢î¦é°, î¦é¨áuÙ, í£ë]ÌÄ-꟪õª n- ú£÷ªú£uõª.-

›í-í£ôÂn-2 áì-ô¢öËÀ Îí‡d-å«u-è ÷«-ô¢ª\õª :- 120 ví£øŒoõ ú£ÙÜu:- 120 ú£÷ªóŸªÙ:- 120 ENª-ÿ§-õª-

Ó.- áì-ô¢öËÀ îμªÙåöËÀ ÓG-Læ©, ÷«ì-ú‡ÚÛ þ§÷ª-ô¦–-¬u-õª 1.- ö°>-ÚÛöËÀ Ká-EÙÞÂ, Óì-L-æ¨-ÚÛöËÀ ÓG-L-æ©2.- ìÙñô ú‡KúÃ, ÚÁè…ÙÞÂn- è†ÚÁ-è…ÙÞÂ.3.- ú£ÙñÙ-ëů-õšíj ú£÷ª-ú£uõª.4.- ÎÚ¥-ô¦õª, Ñí£ NòÅ°-Þ¥õª, î μû #vê¦-õª5.- Þœè…-óŸ«-ô¦õª, Ú¥uöËμÙ-è[ôÂ, ÷óŸª-ú£ª-õšíj ú£÷ªú£uõª.6.- ú£ÙÝ°u ÷u÷ú£–, Îô¢“ô ÎíÆà ÷«To-å«u-èÂ7.- Eù£pAh, ø‹êŸÙ, ÍÙÚÛ Þœé¨-êŸÙö˺ ÷uê¦u-þ§-õª8.- ¸ÚÙvë] þ§–ìí£± Ú•õ-êŸõª, òÅ°JêŸ ú£Þœ-åªêÁ ÚÛLí‡, ú£Þœåª, ÷ªëÅ]u-ÞœêŸÙ, ò°ï£‚-üŒ-ÚÛÙ9.- íÆ£«ê¦õª n- íÆ£«ê¦Ù-Ú¥õª, ÷ô¢_Ù, ÷ô¢_-÷´õÙ, íÆ£ªì-÷´õÙ, Þœþ§òÅ°, ÚÛþ§-Þœª10.- ø‹ê¦õª, ò°ô¢ª-÷膓, àŸvÚÛ-÷膓, ö°òÅ¡ ìÿ§dõª.11.-Ú¥õÙ n- í£E, Ú¥õÙ n- ë]«ô¢Ù, î ¶ÞœÙ n- ë]«ô¢Ù.12.- ú£ªõª-î μjì â°uNª-BóŸª ÎÚ¥-ô¦õ î μjø‹õuÙ, àŸªåªd-Ú•-õêŸ, ÞÁüŒÙ óμ³ÚÛ\ íÆ£ªì-í£-J-÷«éÙ, Ñí£-

J-êŸõ î μjø‹õuÙ, øŒÙÚÛª÷±, ú£«hí£Ù, íÆ£ªû¦õª, Dô¢+ íÆ£ªû¦õª.13.- þ§ëů-ô¢é â°uNª-BóŸª #vê¦õª, ¸ôÜõª, ÚÁé°õª, ú£÷«Ù-êŸô¢ ¸ôÜõ Nö˺÷ª õ¤Û-é°õª, vAòÅ¡ªá õ¤Û-é°õª, àŸêŸª-ô¢ª(ÄáÙ, Dô¢+ àŸêŸª-ô¢vú£Ù, ú£÷«Ù-êŸô¢ àŸêŸª-ô¢ª(ÄáÙ, ô¦ÙñúÃ.14.- Há-Þœ-é¨êŸÙ n- ò°èÂ-÷«úà (BODMAS) í£-ë]ÌÄA, Íú£-á Þœªô¢ªhõ ú£«¤©t-ÚÛô¢é.15.- ú£÷«-à¦ô¢ ÍìyóŸªÙ sèË¶æ° ÏÙå-ôÂ-ví‡-ç˶ù£ûÂz, ú£÷«-à¦ô¢ NøË™x-ù£é sèË¶æ° Íû¦-õ-ú‡úÃz, ú£÷«-à¦ô¢ ú£Ùí£²-ô¢gêŸyÙ sèË¶æ° ú£íƇ-ù‡-óμªFqz, ú£ÙòÅ°-÷uêŸ òÅ°÷-ìõª.16.- Ñë¶y-Þ¥õ ví£á‘ sÓîμ«-ù£-ìöËÀ ÏÙçËμ-L-âËμûÂqz:òÅ°îËÁ-ë¶y-Þ¥õ Í÷-Þ¥-ì, NøË™x-ù£é, Ñë¶y-Þ¥õ ví£á‘ n- NNëÅ] ÚÁé°õª, òÅ°îËÁ-ë¶y-Þ¥-õìª êŸåªd-ÚÁÞœõ ÷uÚ¨hêŸyÙ, ú£ï£„-ìª-òÅ¡«A sÓÙí£Bz, ÖAh-è…E ÍCÅ-Þœ-NªÙ-àŸ-è[Ù17.- þ§÷«->ÚÛ ví£á‘, ÷³Ý°-÷³I ÷uÚ©h-ÚÛ-ô¢é:- Eô¢góŸ«õª Bú£ª-ÚÁ-÷è[Ù, ê¦J\ÚÛ Îö˺-àŸì, ú£÷ªþ§u í£J-ÿ§\ô¢Ù, ÷uÚ¨h-ê¦yEo ÍÙàŸû¦ î ¶óŸªè[Ù.-

ø‹ú£Y, þ§Ù¸Ú-AÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥-õª 18.- ø‹ú£Y, þ§Ù¸Ú-AÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥õª:- ø‹ú£Yn- þ§Ù¸Ú-AÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥õ í£JCÅ, ú£yòÅ°÷Ù, EêŸu-@-N-êŸÙö˺ ø‹ú£Y,

ÔíˆíˆÓúˆq vÞœ«íÃn-2 ví‡LNªìK í£K¤Û ú‡õñúà -šú¤ÛûÂn-Ó -á-ì-ô¢öËÀ ú£dè†úà ÍÙè îμªÙåöËÀ ÓG-L-æ©1.- â°BóŸª, ÍÙêŸ-ô¦b-BóŸª vð§ëů-ìuêŸ ÚÛL-Tì ú£ÙíÆ£ª-å-ì-õª2.- ÍÙêŸ-ô¦b-BóŸª, â°BóŸª, vð§ÙBóŸª ÷ô¢h-÷«ì ÍÙø‹õª.3.- áì-ô¢öËÀ šújûÂq, ø‹ú£Y þ§Ù¸Ú-AÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥õª, ú£÷«à¦ô¢ þ§Ù¸Ú-A-ÚÛ-êŸö˺ ú£÷ª-Ú¥-Mì ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ, ëμjìÙ-Cì @N-êŸÙö˺ Íìª-÷-ô¢h-û¦õª.4.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ â°B-óμ«-ë]u-÷ªÙšíj ví£ê¶uÚÛ ë]”ù‡dêÁ òÅ°ô¢êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ þ§÷«->ÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ, ô¦á-Ú©óŸª àŸJvêŸ.5.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦á-Ú©óŸª ÷u÷ú£– ð§õì:- ô¦â°uÙÞœ ú£÷ª-ú£uõª, ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy Nëů-û¦õª, ú£Ùú£\-ô¢-éõª, ÐnÞœ÷-·ôoûÂq Ú¥ô¢u-vÚÛ-÷«õª.6.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËšíj ví£ê¶uÚÛ ë]”ù‡dêÁ òÅ°ô¢êŸ òÅ¡«ÞÁ-üŒø‹ú£YÙ.7.-Ní£êŸªh Eô¢y-é:- Ní£-꟪hõª ú£ÙòÅ¡-NÙචvð§Ùê¦õª, ìù£d Eî¦-ô¢é, Ñí£-øŒ-÷ªì àŸô¢uõª, Jîμ«æÀ šúEqÙÞÂ, @Õ-Óúà ú£ï£„-óŸªÙêÁ Ní£êŸªh ÍÙàŸû¦.8.- ú£ªú‡–-ô¢-îμªiì ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ, í£ô¦u-÷-ô¢é í£J-ô¢¤Ûé.9.- ê¦J\ÚÛ N÷-ô¢é, NøË™x-ù£-é°-êŸtÚÛ þ§÷ª-ô¦–-¬uõª, ê¦J\ÚÛ ÍìyóŸªÙ.10.- ë]ê¦hÙøŒ NøŒ-D-ÚÛ-ô¢é:- ë]ê¦hÙ-ø‹-EÚ¨ ç˶ñªöËÀ ô¢«í£Ù, ë]ê¦hÙøŒ ë]”Qu-ÚÛ-ô¢é, ÍìyóŸªÙ, vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ NøË™x-ù£é.- sÍÙÚÛ-Þœ-é¨êŸÙ, ÷ªëÅ]u-ÞœêŸÙ, ò°ï£‚-üŒÚÛÙz 11.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË NòÅ¡-áì, í£J-ð§-õì, ÎJ–ÚÛ, þ§ÙíƇªÚÛ, þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ, ô¦á-Ú©óŸª, àŸåd-í£-ô¢-îμªiì ú£÷ª-ú£uõª.úš ¤Ûûn G- : -šú¤ÛûÂn-1 ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË þ§÷«->ÚÛ, þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ àŸJ-vêŸ 1.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË òÅ®ÞÁ-RÚÛ í£J-ú‡–-ꪟ õª n- àŸJ-vꟚíj ë¯E ví£òÅ°÷Ù.- í£²ô¢y à¦J-vêŸ-ÚÛ-óŸ³Þœ ú£Ùú£\”-ꪟ õª n- ø‹êŸ-î¦--ìªõª, Ϥ¥y-ÚÛªõª n- þ§÷«->ÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ, ÷ªêŸ í£J-ú‡–-꟪õª, þ§ï‡°êŸuÙ, ÚÛüŒõª, ›ú÷, î¦ú£ªh, PõpÙ.- Nù£ªg-ÚÛªÙ-è…-ìªõª, î ¶ÙT, ꟫ô¢ªp à¦üŒ‰-ÚÛªuõª n- êμõªÞœª àÁüŒ‰õª n- ú£÷«áÙ, ÷ªêŸÙ n- êμõªÞœª òÅ°ù£, þ§ï‡°êŸuÙ, ÚÛüŒõª, î¦ú£ªh Eô¦téÙ.2.- vÚ©.-øŒ.- 11n-16 øŒê¦-ò°Ìõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÎÙvëÅ]-ë¶-ø‹Eo ð§LÙ-#ì ví£ëůì ô¦á ÷Ùø‹õª.- vÚ©.-øŒ.- 16÷ øŒê¦ò°Ìõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÎÙvëÅ]-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ þ§÷«->ÚÛ, þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ, ÷ªêŸ-í£-ô¢-îμªiì í£J-ú‡–-꟪õª n- þ§÷«->ÚÛ Eô¦téÙ, ÚÛªõ ÷u÷ú£–, ÷ªï‡°-üŒõ þ§–ìÙ, êμõªÞœª òÅ°ù£, þ§ï‡°êŸuÙ, ÚÛüŒõª, î¦ú£ªh, #vêŸ-ö˶-ÜìÙ ÷”CÌÄ.-

3.- óŸ´ôÁ-í‡-óŸª-ûÂõ ô¦ÚÛ n- î¦é¨áu î¦uð§ô¢ ÓÙÓÙ í£²Ù< ÚÛNª-ù£ûÂ, òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦â°uÙÞœ ÔÚÛ ÚÛ«ô¢ªp, Ñð§-CÅö˺ ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy wšíjî¶ æÀ ô¢ÙÞ¥õ Ñê¦pë]-ÚÛêŸ, ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ n- Õæ© í£J-vøŒ-÷ªõ ð§vêŸ.¸ÚÙvë¯õª n- ÚÛÙšíF ð§õ-ìö˺ ÎÙvëÅ], 1857 Aô¢ª- ¸ÚÙvë], ú£÷«Üu õ¤Û-é°õª.Þœª-ò°åª, ÎÙvëÅ]šíj ë¯E ví£òÅ°÷Ù, ÎÙvëÅ]ö˺ vGæ¨ùà 10.- ô¦â°uÙÞœ ú£÷-ô¢é n- ¸ÚÙvD-ÚÛ-ô¢é ÷·ôqúà N¸ÚÙ- 3.- ÷ì-ô¢ªõª n- ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ:- ÷ì-ôª¢ õ ô¢Ú¥õª nð§õì, þ§–í£ì n- þ§÷«->ÚÛ, þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ àμjêŸìuÙ, vD-ÚÛ-ô¢é n- þ§÷«->ÚÛ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ í£ëÇ]-Ú¥õª n- ñõyÙ- òÅ®AÚÛ ÷´õ-ëÅ]ìÙ, NêŸh ÷´õ-ëÅ]ìÙ, áû¦òÅ° náú‡dúà ð§Kd/- ÎêŸt-Þ½-ô¢÷ Ñë]u-÷«õª n- 1885 n- êÂ-ô¦óÀª îμªï£°ê¦, ÍøËËÁÚ îμªï£°ê¦ ÚÛNª-æ©õª n- í£J-÷«éÙ, ÚÛ«ô¢ªp, šíô¢ª-Þªœ -ë]õ n- ëÅÁô¢-éªõª, 1947 ÷ªëÅ]u ÎÙvëÅ]ö˺ â°B-óμ«-ë]u÷ª î¦uí‡h/- Nú£h- 73÷, 74÷ ô¦â°uÙÞœ ú£÷-ô¢-éõª, î¦æ¨ Í÷ªõª.í£Eö˺ ÷”Ah-í£-ô¢-îμªiì í£Ùí‡é© n- ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ Ú•õ-÷«ô¢é/- ÷”CÌÄ n- þ¼ù£-L-ú£ªdõª, ÚÛ÷´u-E-ú£ªdõ ð§vêŸn- 11.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦á-Ú©óŸª ð§Kdõª n- â°BóŸª, ìÙÞ¥ ÷«ì-î¦-GÅ-÷”CÌÄ ú£«<, áû¦-òÅ°-í£-ô¢-îμªiì õGÌÄ.áOªÙ-ë¯K ÷uA-¸ôÚÛ, ·ôj꟪ Ñë]u-÷«õª.-â°B-óŸª- vð§ÙBóŸª ð§Kdõª n- ÔÚÛ ð§Kd, Cyð§Kd, òüŒ 4.- vë]÷uÙ, ò°uÙÚ¨ÙÞÂ, ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy NêŸhÙ:- ÎôÂ-HÕ î¦ë] ÚÛNêŸyÙ, Ní£x-î¦-êŸtÚÛ þ§ï‡°êŸuÙ, û¦åÚÛ ð§Kd ÷u÷-ú£–õª n- vð§ÙB-óŸª-î¦ë]Ù, Ñí£ vð§ÙB-óŸª- vë]÷u NëůìÙ n- ÚÁøŒ NëůìÙ n- ëŶuóŸ«õª n- NêŸh ú£Ùú£–õª, ÷ªï‡°-üŒõ òÅ°Þœ-þ§y÷ªuÙ.î¦ë]Ù, Ú•êŸh ô¦ÿZ§õ Ôô¦p-åªÚÛª è…÷«Ùè n- Íú£-÷ª-꟪-õuêŸ ÷ªJóŸ³ vë]÷u-öËºåª n- ì«êŸì 4.- ÎÙvëÅÁ-ë]u÷ª í£±åªdÚÛ, î¦uí‡h n- ÎÙvëÅ] ÷ªï£„-ú£- XÚÛ”ù£g ÚÛNªæ©, â°BóŸª ú£÷ª-vÞœêŸ n- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ÕÚÛu- Në¶Q î¦é¨áu NëůìÙ n- Në¶Q ví£êŸu¤Û šíåªd-ñòÅ¡õ ð§vêŸ n- ví£÷³Ü û¦óŸª-ÚÛªõª n- 1953ö˺ êŸÚÛª ÷³í£±p.è[ªõª n- ví£ú£ªhêŸ Ý°ê¦ Íú£-÷ª-꟪-õuêŸ.- vë]îËÁuÎÙvëÅ] ô¦ù£Z Ôô¦p-åªÚÛª ë¯J-B-ú‡ì ÷³Üu-îμªiì 12.- òÅ°ô¢-êÂö˺ ú£Ù¸¤÷ª óŸªÙvê¦Ùޜ٠n- Óúˆq, Óúd̂ õ(éÙ, î¦æ¨Ú¨ Ú¥ô¢-é°õª, Eî¦-ô¢-éõª n- ñèËμbæÀ nú£ÙíÆ£ª-å-ìõª, Oªè…óŸ«, î¦ô¦h-í£-vA-ÚÛõ ð§vêŸ, îμªiû¦-J-æ©õ ÚÁú£Ù Ôô¦påªx, Óúˆq, Óúd̂, Húˆõ Já- í£ìªoõª, í£û¶o-êŸô¢ Îë¯óŸªÙ, ÷ú£ªh-›ú-÷õ í£ìªo vÞœÙëǯ-õóŸª Ñë]u÷ªÙ ð§vêŸ, â°ì-í£ë], TJ-áì ¸ôy-ù£ìªx n- Óúˆq, Óúd̂ Íê¦u-à¦ô¢ EôÁ-ëÅ]ÚÛ àŸådÙ n- s@ÓúÃæ©z ú£Ùú£\”-꟪õª.â°BóŸª, ô¦ù£Z Óúˆq, Óúd̂, Húˆ ÚÛNª-ù£ìªx, ÷ªï‡°ü° 5.- â°BóŸª Îë¯óŸªÙ:- â°BóŸª Îë¯óŸªÙ, òÅ°÷5.- ÎÙvëÅ] ô¦ù£Z Ôô¦p-åªÚÛª ë¯J-B-ú‡ì ú£ÙíÆ£ª-å-ìõª ÚÛNª-ù£ûÂ, â°BóŸª, ô¦ù£Z îμªiû¦-Jæ© ÚÛNª-ù£û n- ìõª n- ú£«–õ ë¶QóŸª ÑêŸpAh n- EÚÛô¢ ë¶QóŸª n- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ÎN-ô¦(Ä÷Ù 1956; Nø‹-ö°ÙvëÅ] ÷ªï£„- ÷«ì÷ ÚÛª\õ ÚÛNª-ù£û n- ú£÷«-à¦ô¢ ÚÛª\ ÑêŸpAh n- êŸõ-ú£J Îë¯óŸªÙ.ú£-òÅ¡õª, ô¦ù£Z í£±ì-ô¢y¬u-÷-úˆ–-ÚÛ-ô¢é ÚÛNª6.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ÎJ–ÚÛ Nëůù£ûÂ, ú‡ðƧ-ô¢-ú£ªõª n- šíë]Ì ÷ªìª- ú£òËμbÚÛªd ÷«ô¢ ª \õ ªû¦õª:- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy ù£ªõ Öí£pÙë]Ù, 1956 n- 2014 >ÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ, ú£Ù¸¤÷ª ÷ªëÅ]u ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂö˺ áJ-Tì -vúˆ\-EÙÞ í£K¤Û 150 þ§÷«Ú¥ô¢ u v Ú Û ÷ «õª n- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ÷³Üu þ§÷«->ÚÛ, þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ -îμª-ô³-ûÂq-: -›í-í£ôÂn-1: á-ì-ô¢öËÀ ú£dè†úà & îμªÙåöËÀ ÓG-Læ© 150 áû¦ò Å ° öË º ÚÛ«ô¢ªp n- vÞ¥Oªé ú£ÙíÆ£ª-å-ìõª.n- í£ådé, LÙÞœ Eù£pAh, ÷óŸª-›í-í£ôÂn-2: 1.-ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË þ§÷«->ÚÛ, þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ àŸJvêŸ:òÅ°-ô¢êŸ ô¦â°uÙ-ޜ٠ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂö˺ NNëÅ] þ§ÙíƇªÚÛ ÷ªJóŸ³ þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ Ñë]u-÷«õ àŸJvêŸ 150 ú£ª-õ-î¦-KÞ¥ áû¦òÅ°.7.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øËÂ, ÷u÷-þ§óŸª, 6.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦â°uÙޜ٠ú£yòÅ°÷Ù n- 2.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦â°uޜ٠n- NÙÞœ O¤ÛéÙ ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ ÷”CÌÄ:- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶ô¦â°uÙÞœ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ n- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ›í-í£ôÂn-3: -òÅ°-ô¢-êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ ví£é°-RÚÛ, òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£– ú£÷ª-Ú¥-Mì øË Âö˺ Îë¯óŸªÙ, ÑëÁu-T-êŸö˺ ô¦â°uÙÞœ NPù£d õ¤Û-é°õª n- ví£î¶ - ú£÷ª-ú£uõª ÷ªJóŸ³ ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËšíj ë]”ù‡dêÁ vÞ¥Oªé ú£÷«á ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ ÷u÷þ§óŸª ð§vêŸ, ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶150 PÚÛ n- vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ ï£°ÚÛª\õª, Îë¶-PÚÛ øË Â ö Ë º -ô¢-éõª n450 ÷u÷-þ§óŸòÅ¡ª«ú£í£Ùë-ú]ÌÄ-ê£\Ÿªõª ú£«vê¦õª î¦æ¨ ú£ÙñÙëÅ]Ù n- vð§ëÇ]- -îμ³êŸhÙ n- þ§ÞœªNªÚÛ NëÅ]ªõª, NøË™ù£ õ¤Û-é°õª nFæ -̈ ð §ô ª ¢ ë ] õ NëÅ ¯ ìÙ, ÷u÷àŸådÙ n- ö˺ÚÂ-ð§öËÀ, ö˺ڥ-óŸ³ÚÛh.ÔÚÛ ¸ÚÙvë], ú£÷«Üu ÷u÷-ú£–õª.þ§-óŸ«-EÚ¨ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷ì-ôª¢ õª n- ÷u÷-þ§óŸª ô¦ô³úš ¤Ûûn ú- :‡ -ví£-é°-RÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£– 7.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy Eô¦téÙ, NëÅ]ªõª n- ø‹ú£ì, Bõª n- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂö˺ ví£â°-í£Ù-í‡é© ÷u÷ú£– nÚ¥ô¢u-E-ô¦y-ÚÛ, û¦uóŸª ÷u÷ú£– n- ø‹ú£ì ÷u÷ú£– 1.- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£–, ví£ú£ªhêŸ í£J-ú‡–A:- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂö˺ í£J-vøŒ-÷ªõ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ, Eô¦téÙ nô¢Ú¥õª n- ÔÚÛ ø‹ú£-ì-ú£òÅ¡, Cyø‹-ú£-ì-ú£òÅ¡ n- Ú¥ô¢u-E- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ þ§÷«->ÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ õ¤¥uõª, Ná-óŸ«õªn- í£J-vøŒ-÷ªõ vð¼ê¦q--Ú¥õª n- ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ Ú¥J-è¯ô¢ªx, ô¦y-ÚÛ n- ð§ô¢x-îμªÙ-åK, û¦uóŸª ÷u÷ú£– n- û¦uóŸª Ú•êŸh ÎJ–ÚÛ ú£Ùú£\-ô¢-éõª 1991, ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£– ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂö˺ ví£ê¶uÚÛ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷ªÙè[üŒ‰x sšúâËÀõªz nú£Oª¤Û, û¦uóŸª ÷u÷ú£– vÚ¨óŸ«-Q-õêŸ.EóŸªÙ-vêŸé n- EóŸªÙ-vêŸé ú£Ùú£–õ Ôô¦påª, FA ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ ÍGÅ-÷”-CÌÄÚ¨ Íè[“Ù-ÚÛªõª n- Në]ªuê vð§âËμ8.- ¸ÚÙvë], ô¦ÿZ§õ ÷ªëÅ]u ø‹ú£ì, Ú¥ô¢u-E-ô¦y-ÚÛ Îóμ«Þ n- ú£ï£°-Ú¥ô¢ ú£÷«-Üu-î¦ë]Ù, ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷ì-ôª¢ õ ÚÛªdõª.ÍCÅ-Ú¥-ô¦õ í£Ùí‡é©; ¸ÚÙvë], ô¦ÿZ§õ ÷ªëÅ]u ø‹ú£ì, N¸ÚÙ-vD-ÚÛ-ô¢é, ú£Nªt-RêŸ, ú£ªú‡–ô¢ ÍGÅ-÷”-CÌÄÚ¨ Í÷-ôÁ- 8.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ÷ì-ô¢ªõ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ:- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË í£J-ð§-õì, ÎJ–ÚÛ ú£ÙñÙ-ëůõª n- ô¦â°uÙÞœ ú£Ùú£–õ ëůõª:- Ú¥ô¢-é°õª, í£ô¢u-÷-þ§-û¦õª, í£J-ÿ§\-ô¦õª.ñèËμbæÀ ÷ì-ôª¢ õª, Í÷-ôÁ-ëůõª n- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË NòÅ¡ÍCÅ-Ú¥-ô¦õª, NëÅ]ªõª n- óŸ´í-̂Óúˆq, ô¦ù£Z ›údæÀ 2.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ÎJ–ÚÛ Nëů-û¦õª:- ÷u÷-þ§óŸª Nëů- áì àŸådÙ ù£ô¢-꟪-õÚÛª Ú¥ô¢u-ô«¢ í£Ù n- ¸ÚÙvë] í£GxÚ ú£Kyúà ÚÛNª-ù£ûÂ, ÚÛÙvð¼d-õô ÍÙè Îè…-åô û¦õª n- òÅ°ô¢êŸ @è†-íˆö˺ ÷u÷-þ§-óŸª-ô¢ÙÞœ ð§vêŸ n- ú£ï£„óŸªÙ, ú£ÙíÆ£ª-ô¢{é ú£÷ª-ú£uõª n- ví£â°-ôª¢ éÙ náì-ô¢öËÀ, ÎJ–ÚÛ ú£ÙíÆ£ªÙ.÷u÷-þ§óŸª ÑêŸpAh, í£Ùí‡é©, NêŸh-í£ô¢ ú£÷ª-ú£uõª, vð§âËμ-ÚÛªd-õÚÛª ú£ï£„óŸªÙ n- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ô¦ù£Z, ú£«–õ 9.- ¸ÚÙvë], ô¦ù£Z ú£ÙñÙ-ëůõª n- ú£Ùú£\-ô¢-éõ Í÷- ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ Nëů-û¦õª n- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ ð§J-vø‹- ë¶QóŸª ÑêŸpAh n- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ, ÏêŸô¢ ô¦vÿ§d-õêÁ ú£ô¢Ù n- ô¦âËÀ-÷ª-û¦oô ÚÛNªæ©, ú£ô¦\-JóŸ« ÚÛNª-ù£ûÂ, NªÚÛ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ, ví£ëůì õ¤Û-é°õª, NNëÅ] ô¢ÙÞ¥õ ð¼L-ÚÛõª.-

18

NáóŸªî¦è[

÷ªÙÞœüŒî¦ô¢Ù ÍÚÁdñô¢ª, 23, 2018

e-mail: edc@eenadu.in

ú‡NöËÀ ú£Kyúà í£K¤Ûõ ú£«pÄJhêÁ ÎÙvëÅ]ví£ë¶øË í£GxÚ ú£Kyúà ÚÛNªù£û sÔíˆíˆÓúÃúˆz Ú•êŸh ú‡õñúÃìª Nè[ªë]õ à¶ú‡ÙC. vÞœ«íÃn1 ví‡Lîªq; vÞœ«íÃn2 ví‡Lîªq, îμªô³ûÂq ú‡õñúà êμõªÞœª Íìªî¦ë]Ù ÏÚÛ\è[ Ïú£ªhû¦oÙ. êμõªÞœªö˺ vÞœ«íÃn1 îμªô³ûÂq ú‡õñúÃìª; ÏÙTxùÃö˺ Ñìo vÞœ«íÃn1, vÞœ«íÃn2 ví‡Lîªq, îμªô³ûÂq í£K¤Ûõ ú‡õñúÃìª www.eenadupratibha.net ö˺ àŸ«è[÷àŸªa.

ÔíˆíˆÓúˆq vÞœ«íÃn-2

-îμª-ô³ûÂq í£K¤Û

›í-í£ôÂn-1 : á-ì-ô¢öËÀ ú£dè†úà ÍÙè îμªÙåöËÀ ÓG-L-æ©1.- â°BóŸª, ÍÙêŸ-ô¦b-BóŸª vð§ëů-ìuêŸ ÚÛL-Tì ú£ÙíÆ£ª-å-ì-õª2.- ÍÙêŸ-ô¦b-BóŸª, â°BóŸª, vð§ÙBóŸª ÷ô¢h÷«ì ÍÙø‹-õª3.- áì-ô¢öËÀ šújûÂq, ø‹ú£Y þ§Ù¸Ú-AÚÛ ô¢ÙÞ¥õª, ú£÷«-à¦ô¢ þ§Ù¸Ú-A-ÚÛ-êŸö˺ ú£÷ª-Ú¥-Mì ÍGÅ÷”CÌÄ, ëμjìÙ-Cì @N-êŸÙö˺ Íìª-÷-ô¢h-û¦õª.4.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ â°B-óμ«-ë]u-÷ªÙšíj ví£ê¶uÚÛ ë]”ù‡dêÁ òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙö˺þ§÷«->ÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ, ô¦á-Ú©óŸª àŸJvêŸ.5.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦á-Ú©óŸª ÷u÷ú£– ð§õì:ô¦â°uÙÞœ ú£÷ª-ú£uõª, ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy Nëů-û¦õª, ú£Ùú£\-ô¢-éõª, Ðn-Þœ÷-·ôoûÂq Ú¥ô¢u-vÚÛ-÷«-õª6.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËšíj ví£ê¶uÚÛ ë]”ù‡dêÁ òÅ°ô¢êŸ òÅ¡«ÞÁ-üŒ-ø‹-ú£YÙ-

7.- Ní£êŸªh Eô¢y-é:- Ní£-꟪hõª ú£ÙòÅ¡-NÙචvð§Ùê¦õª, ìù£d-E-î¦-ô¢é Ñí£-øŒ-÷ªì àŸô¢uõª, Jîμ«æÀ šúEqÙÞ ÷ªJóŸ³ @Õ-Óúà ú£ï£„óŸªÙêÁ Ní£êŸªh ÍÙàŸû¦.8.- ú£ªú‡–-ô¢-îμªiì ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ, í£ô¦u-÷-ô¢é í£J-ô¢¤Ûé9.- ê¦J\ÚÛ N÷-ô¢é, NøË™x-ù£-é°-êŸtÚÛ þ§÷ª-ô¦–¬uõª, ê¦J\ÚÛ ÍìyóŸªÙ.10.- ë]ê¦hÙøŒ NøŒ-D-ÚÛ-ô¢é:- ë]ê¦hÙ-ø‹-EÚ¨ ç˶ñªöËÀ ô¢«í£Ù, ë]ê¦hÙøŒ ë]”Qu-ÚÛ-ô¢é, ÍìyóŸªÙ, vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ ë]ê¦hÙøŒ NøË™x-ù£é.sÍÙÚÛ-Þœ-é¨êŸÙ, ÷ªëÅ]u-Þœ-é¨êŸÙ, ò°ï£‚-üŒÚÛÙz 11.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË NòÅ¡-áì, í£J-ð§-õì, ÎJ–ÚÛ, þ§ÙíƇªÚÛ, þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ, ô¦á-Ú©óŸª, àŸåd-í£-ô¢-îμªiì ú£÷ª-ú£u-õª-.

›í-í£ôÂn-2: šú¤ÛûÂn-1 ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË þ§÷«->ÚÛ, þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ, àŸJvêŸ 1.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË òÅ®ÞÁ-RÚÛ í£J-ú‡–-꟪õª n- àŸJvꟚíj ë¯E ví£òÅ°÷Ù.- í£²ô¢y à¦J-vêŸ-ÚÛ-óŸ³Þœ ú£Ùú£\”-꟪õª n- ø‹êŸ-î¦--ìªõª, Ϥ¥y-ÚÛªõª nþ§÷«->ÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ, ÷ªêŸ í£J-ú‡–-꟪õª, þ§ï‡°êŸuÙ, ÚÛüŒõª, ›ú÷õª, î¦ú£ªh, PõpÙ, Nù£ªg-ÚÛªÙ-è…-ìªõª, î ¶ÙT, ꟫ô¢ªp à¦üŒ‰-ÚÛªuõª nêμõªÞœª àÁüŒ‰õª n- ú£÷«áÙ, ÷ªêŸÙ n- êμõªÞœª òÅ°ù£, þ§ï‡°êŸuÙ, ÚÛüŒõª, î¦ú£ªh Eô¦t-éÙ2.- vÚ©.-øŒ.- 11n-16 øŒê¦-ò°Ìõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÎÙvëÅ]-ë¶ø‹Eo ð§LÙ-#ì ví£ëůì ô¦á ÷Ùø‹õª.- vÚ©.øŒ.- 16÷ øŒê¦-ò°Ìõ ÷ªëÅ]u ÎÙvëÅ]-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ þ§÷«->ÚÛ, þ§Ùú£\”-AÚÛ, ÷ªêŸ-í£-ô¢-îμªiì í£J-ú‡–꟪õª n- þ§÷«->ÚÛ Eô¦téÙ, ÚÛªõ ÷u÷ú£–, ÷ªï‡°-üŒõ þ§–ìÙ, êμõªÞœª òÅ°ù£, þ§ï‡°êŸuÙ, ÚÛüŒõª, î¦ú£ªh, #vêŸ-ö˶-ÜìÙ ÷”CÌÄ.3.- óŸ´ôÁ-í‡-óŸª-ûÂõ ô¦ÚÛ n- î¦é¨áu î¦uð§ô¢ ¸ÚÙvë¯õª n- ÚÛÙšíF ð§õ-ìö˺ ÎÙvëÅ] n- 1857 Aô¢ª-Þœª-ò°åª, ÎÙvëÅ]šíj ë¯E ví£òÅ°÷Ù, ÎÙvëÅ]ö˺ vGæ¨ùà ð§õì þ§–í£ì n- þ§÷«->ÚÛ àμjêŸìuÙ, áú‡dúà ð§Kd/- ÎêŸt-Þ½-ô¢÷ Ñë]u÷«õª n- 1885n-1947 ÷ªëÅ]u ÎÙvëÅ]ö˺ â°Bóμ«-ë]u÷ª î¦uí‡h/- Nú£h-ô¢é/- ÷”CÌÄ n- þ¼ù£-Lú£ªdõª, ÚÛ÷´u-E-ú£ªdõ ð§vêŸ n- áOªÙ-ë¯K ÷uA-¸ôÚÛ ÷ªJóŸ³ ·ôj꟪ Ñë]u-÷«õª, â°BóŸª î¦ë] ÚÛNêŸyÙ, Ní£x-î¦-êŸtÚÛ þ§ï‡°êŸuÙ, û¦åÚÛ ú£Ùú£–õª, ÷ªï‡°-üŒõ òÅ°Þœþ§y÷ªuÙ.4.- ÎÙvëÅÁ-ë]u÷ª í£±åªdÚÛ, î¦uí‡h n- ÎÙvëÅ] ÷ªï£„-ú£-òÅ¡õ ð§vêŸ n- ví£÷³Ü û¦óŸª-ÚÛªõª n1953ö˺ ÎÙvëÅ] ô¦ù£Z Ôô¦p-åªÚÛª ë¯J-B-ú‡ì ÷³Üu-îμªiì ú£ÙíÆ£ª-åõª, Oªè…óŸ«, î¦ô¦h-í£-vAÚÛõ ð§vêŸ, vÞœÙëǯ-õóŸª Ñë]u÷ªÙ ð§vêŸ, â°ìí£ë], TJ-áì ú£Ùú£\”-꟪õª.5.- ÎÙvëÅ] ô¦ù£Z Ôô¦p-åªÚÛª ë¯J-B-ú‡ì ú£ÙíÆ£ªå-ìõª n- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ÎN-ô¦(Ä÷Ù 1956; Nø‹ö°ÙvëÅ] ÷ªï£„-ú£-òÅ¡õª, ô¦ù£Z í£±ì-ô¢y¬u-÷-úˆ–-ÚÛ-ô¢é ÚÛNª-ù£û ú‡ðƧ-ô¢-ú£ªõª n- šíë]Ì-÷ª-ìª-ù£ªõ Öí£pÙë]Ù, 1956 n -2014 ÷ªëÅ]u ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øËÂö˺ áJ-Tì ÷³Üu þ§÷«->ÚÛ n- þ§Ùú£\”AÚÛ ú£ÙíÆ£ª-å-ìõª.-

òÅ°-ô¢êŸ ô¦â°uÙ-ޜ٠6.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦â°uÙޜ٠ú£yòÅ°÷Ù n- ô¦â°uÙÞœ

›í-í£ô 3: -ví£-é°-RÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷-ú£– 1.- òÅ°-ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£–, ví£ú£ªhêŸ í£Jú‡–A:- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒ þ§÷«->ÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ õ¤¥uõª, íÆ£ªì-êŸõª n- Ú•êŸh ÎJ–ÚÛ ú£Ùú£–-ô¢-éõª 1991, ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷u÷ú£– EóŸªÙ-vêŸé, n- EóŸªÙ-vêŸé ú£Ùú£–õ Ôô¦påª, FA Îóμ«Þ n- ú£ï£°-Ú¥ô¢ ú£÷«-Üu-î¦ë]Ù, ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷ì-ô¢ªõ N¸ÚÙ-vD-ÚÛ-ô¢é, ú£Nªt-RêŸ, ú£ªú‡–ô¢ ÍGÅ-÷”-CÌÄÚ¨ Í÷-ôÁ-ëůõª :Ú¥ô¢-é°õª, í£ô¢u-÷-þ§-û¦õª, í£J-ÿ§\-ô¦õª.2.- òÅ°-ô¢êŸ ÎJ–ÚÛ Nëů-û¦õª:- ÷u÷-þ§óŸª Nëůû¦õª n- òÅ°ô¢êŸ @è†-íˆö˺ ÷u÷-þ§-óŸª-ô¢ÙÞœ ð§vêŸ n- ÷u÷-þ§óŸª ÑêŸpAh, í£Ùí‡é©, NêŸh-í£ô¢ ú£÷ª-ú£uõª, ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ Nëů-û¦õª n- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙö˺ ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ, ví£ëůì õ¤Û-é°õª, NNëÅ] ô¢ÙÞ¥õ ÚÛ«ô¢ªp n- Ñð§-CÅö˺ ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy, wšíjî ¶æÀ ô¢ÙÞ¥õ Ñê¦p-ë]-ÚÛêŸ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ n-Õæ© í£J-vøŒ-÷ªõ ð§vêŸ.3.- ÷-ì-ô¢ªõª n- ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ:- ÷ì-ô¢ªõ ô¢Ú¥õª n- òÅ®AÚÛ ÷´õ-ëÅ]ìÙ, NêŸh ÷´õ-ëÅ]ìÙ, áû¦òÅ° n- í£J-÷«éÙ, ÚÛ«ô¢ªp, šíô¢ª-Þœª-ë]õ nëÅÁô¢-éªõª, í£Eö˺ ÷”Ah-í£-ô¢-îμªiì í£Ùí‡é© nÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ Ú•õ-÷«-ìÙÞ¥ ÷«ì-î¦-GÅ-÷”CÌÄ ú£«<, áû¦-òÅ°-í£-ô¢-îμªiì õGÌÄ.4.- vë]÷uÙ, ò°uÙÚ¨ÙÞÂ, ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy NêŸhÙ:- ÎôÂHÕ vë]÷u NëůìÙ n- ÚÁøŒ NëůìÙ nëŶuóŸ«õª n- NêŸh Íú£-÷ª-꟪-õuêŸ ÷ªJóŸ³ vë]÷u-öËºåª n- ì«êŸì Në¶Q î¦é¨áu NëůìÙ n- Në¶Q ví£êŸu¤Û šíåªd-ñ-è[ªõª n- ví£ú£ªhêŸ Ý°ê¦ Íú£-÷ª-꟪-õuêŸ n- vë]îËÁu-õ(éÙ, î¦æ¨Ú¨ Ú¥ô¢-

ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ n- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦â°uÙÞœ NPù£d õ¤Ûé°õª n- ví£î ¶-PÚÛ n- vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ ï£°ÚÛª\õª, Îë¶-PÚÛ ú£«vê¦õª î¦æ¨ ú£ÙñÙëÅ]Ù n- vð§ëÇ]NªÚÛ NëÅ]ªõª, NøË™ù£ õ¤Û-é°õª n- ÔÚÛ ¸ÚÙvë], ú£÷«Üu ÷u÷-ú£–õª.7.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy Eô¦téÙ, NëÅ]ªõª nø‹ú£ì, Ú¥ô¢u-E-ô¦y-ÚÛ, û¦uóŸª ÷u÷ú£– nø‹ú£ì ÷u÷ú£– ô¢Ú¥õª n- ÔÚÛ ø‹ú£-ì-ú£òÅ¡, Cyø‹-ú£-ì-ú£òÅ¡ n- Ú¥ô¢u-E-ô¦y-ÚÛ n- ð§ô¢x-îμªÙåK, û¦uóŸª ÷u÷ú£– n- û¦uóŸª-ú£-Oª¤Û, û¦uóŸª ÷u÷ú£– vÚ¨óŸ«-Q-õêŸ.8.- ¸ÚÙvë], ô¦ÿZ§õ ÷ªëÅ]u ø‹ú£ì, Ú¥ô¢u-E-ô¦yÚÛ ÍCÅ-Ú¥-ô¦õ í£Ùí‡é©; ¸ÚÙvë], ô¦ÿZ§õ ÷ªëÅ]u ø‹ú£ì, í£J-ð§-õì, ÎJ–ÚÛ ú£ÙñÙëůõª n- ô¦â°uÙÞœ ú£Ùú£–õ ÍCÅ-Ú¥-ô¦õª, NëÅ]ªõª n- óŸ´íˆ-Óúˆq, ô¦ù£Z ›údæÀ í£GxÚ ú£Kyúà ÚÛNª-ù£ûÂ, ÚÛÙwð¼d-õô ÍÙè Îè…-åô áì-ô¢öËÀ, ÎJ–ÚÛ ú£ÙíÆ£ªÙ.9.- ¸ÚÙvë], ô¦ù£Z ú£ÙñÙ-ëůõª n- ú£Ùú£\-ô¢éõ Í÷-ú£ô¢Ù n- ô¦âËÀ-÷ª-û¦oô ÚÛNªæ©, ú£ô¦\-JóŸ« ÚÛNª-ù£ûÂ, ÓÙ.-ÓÙ.-í£²Ù< ÚÛNªù£û n- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦â°uÙÞœ ÔÚÛ ¸ÚÙvë], ú£÷«Üu õ¤Û-é°õª.10.- ô¦â°uÙÞœ ú£÷-ô¢é n- ¸ÚÙvD-ÚÛ-ô¢é ÷·ôqúà N¸ÚÙ-vD-ÚÛ-ô¢é n- þ§÷«->ÚÛ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ í£ëÇ]-Ú¥õª n- ñõyÙ-êÂ-ô¦óÀª îμªï£°ê¦, ÍøËËÁÚ îμªï£°ê¦ ÚÛNª-æ©õª n- 73÷, 74÷ ô¦â°uÙÞœ ú£÷-ô¢-éõª, î¦æ¨ Í÷ªõª.11.- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ô¦á-Ú©óŸª ð§Kdõª n- â°BóŸª, vð§ÙBóŸª ð§Kdõª n- ÔÚÛ ð§Kd, Cyð§Kd, ñüŒ ð§Kd ÷u÷-ú£–õª n- vð§ÙB-óŸª-î¦ë]Ù, Ñí£ vð§ÙB-óŸª-î¦ë]Ù, n- Ú•êŸh ô¦ÿZ§õ Ôô¦p-åªÚÛª è…÷«Ùè n- XÚÛ”ù£g ÚÛNªæ©, â°BóŸª ú£÷ª-vÞœêŸ n- òÅ°ô¢êŸ ÕÚÛu-êŸÚÛª ÷³í£±p.12.- òÅ°ô¢-êÂö˺ ú£Ù¸¤÷ª óŸªÙvê¦Ùޜ٠nÓúˆq, Óúˆd îμªiû¦-J-æ©õ ÚÁú£Ù Ôô¦påªx, Óúˆq, Óúˆd, Húˆõ Já-¸ôy-ù£ìªx n- Óúˆq, Óúˆd Íê¦u-à¦ô¢ EôÁ-ëÅ]ÚÛ àŸådÙ n- â°BóŸª ô¦ù£Z Óúˆq¬, Óúˆd, Húˆ ÚÛNª-ù£ìªx, ÷ªï‡°ü° ÚÛNªù£ûÂ, â°BóŸª, ô¦ù£Z îμªiû¦-Jæ© ÚÛNª-ù£û n÷«ì÷ ÚÛª\õ ÚÛNª-ù£û n- ú£÷«-à¦ô¢ ÚÛª\ àŸådÙ n-ö˺ÚÂ-ð§öËÀ, ö˺ڥ-óŸ³-ÚÛhé°õª, Eî¦-ô¢-éõª n- ñèËμbæÀ n- í£ìªoõª, í£û¶oêŸô¢ Îë¯óŸªÙ, ÷ú£ªh-›ú-÷õ í£ìªo s@ÓúÃæ©z.5.- â°BóŸª Îë¯óŸªÙ:- â°-BóŸª Îë¯óŸªÙ, òÅ°÷-ìõª n- ú£«–õ ë¶QóŸª ÑêŸpAh n- EÚÛô¢ ë¶QóŸª ÑêŸpAh n- êŸõ-ú£J Îë¯óŸªÙ.6.- ÎÙ-vëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ÎJ–ÚÛ Nëů-û¦õª:- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£ë¶øË ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy þ§÷«->ÚÛ, ÎJ–ÚÛ, ú£Ù¸¤÷ª Ú¥ô¢uvÚÛ-÷«õª n- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË áû¦-òÅ°ö˺ ÚÛ«ô¢ªp nvÞ¥Oªé n- í£ådé, LÙÞœ E÷”Ah, ÷óŸª-ú£ª-õ-î¦KÞ¥ áû¦òÅ°.7.- ÎÙ-vëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øËÂ, ÷u÷-þ§óŸª, ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ ÷”CÌÄ:- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂö˺ Îë¯óŸªÙ, ÑëÁu-T-êŸö˺ ÷u÷-þ§óŸª ð§vêŸ, ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂö˺ òÅ¡«ú£Ù-ú£\ô¢-éõª n- ÷u÷-þ§óŸª í£ë]ÌÄ-꟪õª n- þ§Þœª-F-æ¨ð§-ô¢ª-ë]õ NëůìÙ, ÷u÷-þ§-óŸ«-EÚ¨ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷ìô¢ªõª n- ÷u÷-þ§óŸª ô¦ô³-Bõª n- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øËÂö˺ ví£â° í£Ùí‡é© ÷u÷ú£– n- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂö˺ í£J-vøŒ-÷ªõ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ, Eô¦téÙ n- í£J-vøŒ-÷ªõ vð¼ê¦q--Ú¥õª n- ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ Ú¥J-è¯ô¢ªx, ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶-øËÂö˺ ví£ê¶uÚÛ ÎJ–ÚÛ ÷ªÙè[üŒ‰x sšúâËÀbz n- ð§J-vø‹-NªÚÛ ÍGÅ-÷”-CÌÄÚ¨ Íè[“Ù-ÚÛªõª nNë]ªuê vð§âËμ-ÚÛªdõª.8.- ÎÙ-vëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ÷ì-ô¢ªõ ÍGÅ-÷”CÌÄ:ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ñèËμbæÀ ÷ì-ô¢ªõª, Î÷-ôÁ-ëůõª nÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË NòÅ¡-áì àŸådÙ, EñÙ-ëÅ]-ìõª ú£íÆ£-M-ÚÛ”êŸÙ Í÷yè[Ù n- ¸ÚÙvë] ú£ï£„óŸªÙ, ú£ÙíÆ£ª-ô¢{é ú£÷ª-ú£uõª n- ví£â°-ô¢ªéÙn- vð§âËμÚÛªd-õÚÛª ú£ï£„óŸªÙ n- ÎÙvëÅ]-ví£-ë¶øË ô¦ù£Z, ú£«–õ ë¶QóŸª ÑêŸpAh n- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ, ÏêŸô¢ ô¦ÿZ§-õêÁ ð¼L-ÚÛõª.CA

10

BÖ{´ßÊ˛{Á≥ßÛ˛‘å˝ÃZ E߯≈Vʸ ∞ƒÊ˝*–ö˛$M>À ®‘Ë˝V> MÓ¸ÀMʸ–˛$OØ˲ –ö˛$$ÖßÊ˛yÊ˛$Vʸ$ Á≥yÏ˛Ö®. {Vʸ*ã≥ 1, {Vʸ*ã≥ 2 ∞ƒÊ˝*–ö˛$M>ÀMʸ$ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®Ö_Ø˲ Ì‹À∫ã‹Ø˲$ HÔ≥ Á≥ºœMä¸ Á‹»”ã‹ Mʸ—$ÁŸØå˛ —yÊ˛$ßÊ˛À ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. {Ì≥Õ–í˛$fi, –˛$Δˇ$$Øå˛fi Á≥»ÑʸÀMʸ$ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®Ö_Ø˲ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ Á≥{ôË˛Ö Á‹”ΔÊˇ*Á≥ Á‹”øÍ–ÈÀ$, Á≥N«¢ ›Î¶Δˇ$$ Ì‹À∫ã‹Ø˲$ AøÊ˝≈ΔÊˇ$¶ÀMʸ$ AÖßÊ˛$ªÍr$ÃZMϸ °Á‹$Mˆ_aÖ®. BÖ{´ßÊ˛{Á≥ßÛ˛‘å˝ —øÊ˝fØ˲, ô˲ßÊ˛Ø˲Öô˲ΔÊˇ Á‹–ö˛$Á‹≈À$ ô˲®ô˲ΔÊˇ AÖ‘ÈÀMʸ$ Ì‹À∫ã‹ÃZ Ú≥ßÊ˛™Ô≥r –Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. {Vʸ*ã≥ 1 –˛$Δˇ$$Øå˛fiÃZ CÖXœãŸô¯¥Îr$ ô˛À$Vʸ$ øÍÁŸÃZ AøÊ˝≈ΔÊˇ$¶À ›Î–ö˛$Δ>¶≈ÀØ˲$ Á≥»ÑϸÖ^˲yë∞Mϸ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MʸÖV> JMʸ ı≥Á≥ΔäˇØ˲$ {Á≥–Û˛‘Ë˝Ú≥sÍtΔÊˇ$. {Vʸ*ã≥ 1, {Vʸ*ã≥ 2 Á≥»ÑʸÀ {Ì≥Õ–í˛$fi, –˛$Δˇ$$Øå˛fi Á≥N«¢ Ì‹À∫ã‹Ø˲$ AøÊ˝≈ΔÊˇ$¶À ›˚MʸΔ>≈ΔÊˇ¶Ö CÁ‹$¢ØÈ≤Ö...

®Mʸ*fi_

.

diksuchi@andhrajyothy com

—fƒÊ˝$–ÈyÊ˛

∑

–ö˛$ÖVʸ‚Ê˝–ÈΔÊˇÖ 23 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

HÔ≥Ô≥GÔ‹fi {Vʸ*ã≥- &1 Ì‹À∫ã‹ PAPER —I (PRELIMINARY) GENERAL STUDIES Marks: 120 No.of Questions:120 Time: 120 Minutes (A) HISTORY & CULTURE 1. Indus Valley Civilization: Features, Sites, Society, Cultural History, Art and Religion.

Vedic Age- Mahajanapadas, ReligionsJainism and Buddhism.

The Maghadas, the Mauryan , Foreign invasions on India and their impact, the Kushans. The Sathavahanas the Sangam Age, the Sungas, the Gupta Empire -their Administration- Social, Religious and Economic conditions-Art, Architecture, Literature, Science and Technology.

2. The Kanauj and their Contributions, South Indian Dynasties - The Badami Chalukyas, the Eastarn Chalukyas, the Rastrakutas, the Kalyani Chalukyas, the Cholas, the Hoyasalas, the Yedavas, the Kakatiyas and the Reddis.

3. The Delhi Sultanate, the Vijaynagar Empire and the Mughal Empire, the Bhakti Movement and Sufism Administration, Economy, Society, Religion, Literature, Arts and Architecture.

4. The European Trading companies in India- their struggle for supremacy-with special reference to Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Mysore, Andhra and Nizam, Governor-Generals and Viceroys.

5. Indian War of Independence of 1857 Origin, Nature, causes, consequences and significance with special reference to Concerned State, Religious and Social Reform Movements in 19th century in India and Concerned State, India's Freedom Movement, Revolutionaries in India and Abroad.

6. Mahatma Gandhi, his thoughts, Principles and Philosophy. Important Satyagrahas, the Role of Sardar Patel, Subash Chandrabose in Freedom Movement and Post independence consolidation. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, his life and contribution to making of Indian Constitution, India after Independence Reorganization of the States in India.

(B) CONSTITUTION, POLITY, SOCIAL JUSTICE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. 1. Indian Constitution: Evolution, features, Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties, Directive Principles of State Policy, Amendments, Significant Provisions and Basic Structure.

2. Functions and Responsibilities of the Union and the States, Parliament and State Legislatures: Structure, Function, Power and Privileges. Issues and challenges

pertaining to Federal Structure: Devolution of Power and Finances up to local levels and Challenges therein.

3. Constitutional Authorities: Powers, Functions and Responsibilities Panchayati Raj - Public Policy and Governance.

4. Impact of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization on Governance - Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi-judicial bodies.

5. Rights Issues (Human rights, Women rights, SC/ST rights, Child rights) etc.

6. India's Foreign Policy — International Relations — Important Institutions, Agencies and Fora, their structure and mandate - Important Policies and Programmes of Central and State Governments.

(C) INDIAN AND ANDHRA PRADESH ECONOMY AND PLANNING 1. Basic characteristics of Indian Economy as a developing economy – Economic development since independence objectives and achievements of planning - NITI Ayog and its approach to economic development – Growth and distributive justice Economic development Human Development Index – India’s rank in the world – Environmental degradation and challenges - Sustainable Development Environmental Policy 2. National Income and its concepts and components – India’s National Accounts –Demographic issues Poverty and Inequalities – Occupational Structure and Unemployment - Various Schemes of employment and poverty eradication – Issues of Rural Development and Urban Development 3. Indian Agriculture –Irrigation and water – Inputs of agriculture – Agricultural Strategy and Agricultural Policy – Agrarian Crisis and land reforms – Agricultural credit – Minimum Support Prices -Malnutrition and Food Security - Indian Industry Industrial Policy – Make-in India – Start-up and Stand-up programmes – SEZs and Industrial Corridors – Energy and Power policies – Economic Reforms – Liberalisaion, Privatisation and Globalization –International Trade and Balance of Payments – India and WTO 4. Financial Institutions – RBI and Monetary Policy – Banking and Financial Sector Reforms – Commercial Banks and NPAs – Financial Markets –Instabilities - Stock Exchanges and SEBI – Indian Tax System and Recent changes – GST and its impact on Commerce and Industry – Centre, States financial relations- Financial Commissions – Sharing of resources and devolution – Public Debt and Public Expenditure Fiscal Policy and Budget 5. i) The characteristics/ basic features of

industry and social sector – Urbanisation and smart cities – Skill development and employment – social welfare programmes ii) A.P. Reorganisation Act, 2014 – Economic Issues arising out of bifurcation – Central government’s assistance for building a new capital, compensation for loss of revenue, development of backward districts – Issues such as Vizag railway zone, Kadapa steel factory, Dugarajapatnam airport, Express ways and industrial corridors etc., - Special Status and Special Assistance- Controversy - Government’s stand and measure (D) GEOGRAPHY 1. General Geography: Earth in Solar system, Motion of the Earth, Concept of time, Season, Internal Structure of the Earth, Major landfornns and their features. Atmospherestructure and composition, elements and factors of Climate, Airmasses and Fronts, atmospheric disturbances, climate change. Oceans: Physical, chemical and biological characteristics, Hydrological Distasters, Marine and Continental resources.

2. Physical: World, India and concerned State : Major physical divisions, Earthquakes, landslides, Natural drainage, climatic changes and regions, Monsoon, Natural Vegetation, Parks and Sanctuaries, Major Soil types, Rocks and Minerals.

3. Social: World, India and concerned State : distribution, density, growth, Sex-ratio, Literacy, Occupational Structure, SC and ST Population, Rural-Urban components,

{Vʸ*ã≥- &2 Ì‹À∫ã‹

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Section - A GENERAL STUDIES AND MENTAL ABILITY 1. Events of national and international importance.

2. Current affairs- international, national and regional.

3. General Science and its applications to the day to day life Contemporary developments in Science & Technology and Information Technology 4. Social- economic and political history of modern India with emphases on Indian national movement.

5. Indian polity and governance: constitutional issues, public policy, reforms and e-governance initiatives.

6. Geography of India with focus on Andhra Pradesh.

7. Disaster management: vulnerability profile, prevention and mitigation strategies, Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in the assessment of Disaster 8. Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection 9. Logical reasoning, analytical ability and logical interpretation.

10. Data Analysis: Tabulation of data Visual representation of data Basic data analysis (Summary Statistics such as mean, median, mode and variance) and Interpretation.

11. Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and its Administrative, Economic, Social, Cultural, Political and legal implications/problems.

Andhra Pradesh economy after bifurcation in 2014 – Impact of bifurcation on the endowment of natural resources and state revenue – disputes of river water sharing and their impact on irrigation – new challenges to industry and commerce - the new initiatives to develop infrastructure –power and transport -information technology and e-governance – Approaches to development and initiatives in agriculture,

1.

5.

Social and Cultural History of Andhra Pradesh: Geographical Features of Andhra – Its Impact on History and Culture – Pre-historic Cultures – The Satavahanas, The Ikshvakus – Socio-Economic and Religious Conditions – Literature, Art and Architecture – The

6.

Vishnukundins, The Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, Telugu Cholas– Society, Religion, Telugu 2.

Language, Literature, Art and Architecture.

Various Major and Minor dynasties that ruled Andhradesa between 11th and 16th centuries A.D. Socio- Cultural and Religious conditions in Andhradesa between 11th to 16th

7.

4.

8.

Development Programs- Balwantray Mehta, Ashok Mehta Committees 73rd and 74th

Occupational Distribution of Work force –Human Development Index as a measurement of develop-

Constitutional Amendment Acts and their Implementation.

11. Indian Political Parties- National, Regional-

ment. Demographic Dividend.

Money, Banking and Public FinanceMonetary policy of RBI – Fiscal policy –

4.

Library Movement and Folk & Tribal Culture Events leading to the Formation of Andhra

Regionalism and Sub-Regionalism–Demand for New States - Sri Krishna Committee – National Integration- Threats to Indian Unity.

Finance –New Foreign Trade Policy. Current account imbalances; FDI. Inflation , its causes and remedies; Budget – taxes and non-tax rev-

Pradesh State – Visalandhra Mahasabha – States Reorganization Commission and Its

12. Welfare Mechanisms in India-Provisions for Scheduled Castes, Tribes and Minorities,

enue. Goods and Service Tax (GST) National Income- National Income and con-

Recommendations - Gentlemen Agreement – Important Social and Cultural Events between

Reservations for SCs, STs and Backward Classes- Prevention of SCs and STs Atrocities

1956 and 2014.

INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Act- National and State SCs, STs and BCs Commissions, Women’s Commission, National

Nature of the Indian Constitution – Constitutional Development – Salient features

and State Minorities Commissions – Human Rights Commission- RTI- Lokpal and Lok

of Andhra Pradesh. Composition of Population in Andhra Pradesh – Rural – Urban, Sex Ratio,

of Indian Constitution – Preamble – Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of

Ayukt.

Age Distribution.

Agriculture and

Section - C 1.

Legislatures- Unicameral, Bicameral- Executive – Parliamentary, Judiciary- Judicial Review, Judicial

Economy – Creation of regulatory bodies-NITI Aayog- Co operative Federalism and decentral-

Activism.

Distribution of Legislative and Executive Powers between the Union and the States;

ization of financial resources – Lack of inclusive growth and sustainable development :

Socialists– Communists– Anti- Zamindari and Kisan Movements. Growth of Nationalist Poetry, Revolutionary Literature, Nataka Samasthalu and

Public Service Com missions, CAG & Finance Commission.

Centre- State relations- Need for ReformsRajmannar Committee, Sarkaria Commission, M.M. Punchchi Commission - Unitary and

2.

causes, consequences and solutions.

Indian Economic Policies - Agricultural policies – Contribution of agriculture to India’s GDP – Issues of financing, production, marketing and distribution of agriculture. Industrial policies– Main features of industrial development in India – sectoral composition – Roles of private and public sectors in employment , productivity – Role of IT industries in development.

Origin and growth of Andhra MovementRole of Andhra Mahasabhas- Prominent Leaders- Events leading to the formation of

10. Amendment Process to the Constitution -

Resources and Development- Types of resources – Physical capital and finance capital -

Andhra State 1953. Role of Press and News

Centralization Vs Decentralization - Community

Population- size, composition and growth–Trends;

Federal features of Indian Constitution.

cepts – Gross Domestic Product – Net Domestic Product, Per capita income.

6.

7.

3.

Economic Policies of Andhra Pradesh: Socio Economic welfare Programmes of Government

Industrial

Growth

of

Andhra Pradesh- Contribution of agriculture to income and employment in Andhra Pradesh.

Indian Economy and present status SocioEconomic - Goals and Achievements – New economic reforms 1991. Regulation of the

Legislative, Administrative and Financial relations between the Union and the States– Powers and the Functions of Constitutional Bodies- UPSC, State

5.

PLANNING AND ECONOMY

Structure and functions of Indian GovernmentLegislative, Executive and Judiciary- Types of

Cultural awakening, Justice Party/Self Respect Movements- Growth of Nationalist Movement in Andhra between 1885 to 1947– Role of

9.

–˛$Δˇ$$ب˛fi Ì‹À∫ã‹ Á‹tyÓ˛ ı≥iÃZœ...

Objectives – Fiscal Imbalance and Deficit

Unitary and Federal.

Literature, Art, Architecture and Painting.

3. Advent of Europeans- Trade centers- Andhra

Women Participation.

A. GENERAL MENTAL AND PSYCOLOGICAL ABILITIES 1. Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability.

2. Number Series, Coding —Decoding.

3. Problems Related to Relations.

4. Shapes and their Sub-sections, Venn Diagram.

5. Problems based on Clocks, Calendar and Age. 6. Number system and order of Magnitude.

7. Ratio, proportion and variation.

8. Central Tendencies - mean, median, mode — including weighted mean.

9. Power and exponent, Square, Square Root, Cube Root, H.C.F. and L.C.M. 10. Percentage, Simple and Compound Interest, Profit and loss.

11. Time and Work, Time and Distance, Speed and Distance.

12. Area and Perimeter of Simple Geometrical Shapes, Volume and Surface Area of Sphere, Cone, Cylinder, cubes and Cuboids.

13. Lines, angels and common geometrical figures — properties of transverse and parallel lines, properties of triangles, quadrilateral, rectangle, parallelogram and rhombus.

14. Introduction to algebra — BODMAS, simplification of weird symbols.

One Party, Bi-Party, Multi-Party Systems-

State Policy and their relationship Fundamental Duties, Distinctive features -

centuries A.D, Social Structure, Caste System, Status of Women. Growth of Telugu Language,

under the Company– 1857 Revolt and its impact on Andhra- Establishment of British Rule- Socio-

PAPER -II (PRELIMINARY) GENERAL STUDIES Marks: 120 No.of Questions:120 Time: 120 Minutes

Papers in the Andhra Movement. Role of

Section - B

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF ANDHRA PRADESH

Racial, tribal, religious and linguistic groups, urbanization, migration and metropolitan regions.

4. Economic: World, India and concerned State: Major sectors of economy, Agriculture, Industry and Services, their salient features. Basic Industries-Agro, mineral, forest, fuel and manpower based Industries, Transport and Trade, Pattern and Issues.

15. Data interpretation, Data Analysis, Data sufficiency, and concepts of Probability.

16. Emotional Intelligence: Understanding and analyzing emotions, Dimensions of emotional intelligence, coping with emotions, empathy and coping with stress.

17. Social Intelligence, interpersonal skills, Decision making, Critical thinking, problem solving and Assessment of personality.

(B) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 18. Science and Technology: Nature and Scope of Science & Technology; Relevance of Science & Technology to the day to day life; National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation; Institutes and Organization in India promoting integration of Science, Technology and Innovation, their activities and contribution; Contribution of Prominent Indian Scientists.

19. Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Nature and Scope of ICT; ICT in day to day life; ICT and Industry; ICT and Governance - Various government schemes promoting use of ICT, E-Governance programmes and services; Netiquettes; Cyber Security Concerns - National Cyber Crime Policy.

20. Technology in Space & Defence: Evolution of Indian Space Programme; Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) — it's activities and achievements; Various Satellite Programmes — Satellites for Telecommunication, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Satellites; Satellites for defence, Eduset or Satellites for academic purposes; Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)vision, mission and activities.

21. Energy Requirement and Efficiency: India's existing energy needs and deficit; India's Energy Resources and Dependence, Energy policy of India Government Policies and Programmes. Solar, Wind and Nuclear energy 22. Environmental Science: Issues and concerns related to environment; Its legal aspects, policies and treaties for the protection of environment at the national and the international level; Biodiversity- its importance and concerns; Climate Change, International Initiatives (Policies, Protocols) and India's commitment; Forest and Wildlife - Legal framework for Forest and Wildlife Conservation in India; Environmental Hazards, pollution, carbon emission, Global warming. National Action plans on Climate Change and Disaster management. Biotechnology and Nanotechnology; Nature, Scope and application, Ethical, Social, and Legal issues, Government Policies.

Genetic Engineering; Issues related to it and its impact on human life. Health & Environment.

B. CURRENT EVENTS OF REGIONAL, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE.

Land reforms in Andhra Pradesh - Cropping pattern – Irrigation Policy of Andhra Pradesh sources of agricultural finances -agricultural subsidies – public distribution system in Andhra Pradesh. Industrial Development in Andhra Pradesh – Growth and structure of industries – – Incentives to industries – Industrial corridors in and SEZs in Andhra Pradesh - Bottlenecks for 8.

industrial development – Power projects Resource Development of Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Budgetary resources and constraints - Fulfillment of the conditions of A.P Bifurcation Act – central assistance and issues of conflict - public debt and projects of external assistance. Andhra Pradesh State Gross Domestic Product – Comparison with India and neighboring States.

–˛$Δˇ$$ب˛fi Ì‹À∫ã‹ Á‹tyÓ˛ ı≥iÃZœ...

®Mʸ*fi_

∞ô˲≈ i—ô˲ÖÃZ –ö˛$ØË˛Ö ß´ Ê˛«Ö^Û˛ ßÊ˛$Á‹$¢À$, –È`, ^˛Á≥#µÀ$, Mʸ‚Ê˝Âßë™À$... {Á≥°® Ø˲_aØ˲ßÛ˛ GÖÌ≥Mʸ ^Û˛Á‹$Mʸ$ÖsÍÖ. A–Û˛–˛OØÈ MˆØ˲$V¯À$ ^Û˛ı‹¢ AÖßÊ˛ΔÊˇ* ^˲*Ì‹ ªÍVʸ$Ö® AØÈÀ∞ M¯ΔÊˇ$Mʸ$ÖsÍÖ. ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛Ú≥O CÖô˲Mʸ$—$Ö_ —–ö˛«Ö^ÈÕfiØ˲ A–ö˛Á‹ΔÊˇ–Û˛$ ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$.

–˲Á‹$¢ ÀÑʸ◊ÍÀØ˲$ –ö˛*ΔÊˇaMʸ$Öyë, ßë∞Mϸ AÖßÈ∞≤ gZyÏ˛Ö^˲yÊ˛–Û˛$ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛. Á‹Ö∫Ö´®ô˲ AÖ‘ÈÀ A´ßÊ˛≈ƒÊ˝$Ø˲–Û˛$ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ Á‹tyÓ˛ã‹. ^ÈÃÍM>ÀÖV> B —ÁŸƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ A®”°ƒÊ˝$–˛$OØ˲ MʸñÌŸ ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ø˲≤ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ ∞ãút. ØÛ˛ÁŸØ˲Ãå˝ CØå˛Ì‹tr*≈så˝ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤Ài ©∞ Á≥N«¢ Á‹”ΔÊˇ*Á≥Ö. AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛, D Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ A´ßÊ˛≈ƒÊ˝$ØÈ∞MÛ¸ Á≥«—$ôË˛Ö M>ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. Á‹Ö∫Ö´®ô˲ ’Ñʸ◊˝, M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ ΔÊˇ*Á≥MʸÀµØ˲ Mʸ*yë ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. A–Û˛—$sZ Á≥«÷Õßë™Ö.

10

.

∑

diksuchi@andhrajyothy com

–ö˛$ÖVʸ‚Ê˝–ÈΔÊˇÖ 23 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

AÖßÊ˛Ö Ú≥O A´ßÊ˛≈ƒÊ˝$ØË˛Ö ßÛ˛

‘Ë˝-–È≈-Á≥¢ÖV> ∞ãútMʸ$ M>≈ÖÁ≥ã-‹À$ EØÈ≤Δˇ$$. ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ CÖyÊ˛-Ô‹âÃZ MÓ¸À-Mʸ-–˛$OØ˲ ∞ΔÊˇ~-ƒÊ˝*À$ °Á‹$-Mʸ$ØÛ˛ ›Î¶Δˇ$$ÃZ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝, —ßÛ˛-‘ÈÃZœ D Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ÃZ ^˲®-—Ø˲ —ßë≈-ΔÊˇ$¶ÃÙ˝ EØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. –˲*ΔÊˇ$µØ˲$ M¯ΔÛˇ ŒyÏ˛ÖVä¸ HgÒ˝Ö-r$œV> ∞ãút {V>yÊ˛$≈-ƒÙ˝$r$œ ı≥ΔˆÖ-ßÈΔÊˇ$. Aô˲$≈-Ø˲≤ô˲ ›Î¶Δˇ$$ Ø˛OÁ≥#-◊Í≈∞Mϸ ô¯yÊ˛$ y˛OØ˲-—$-gÍ-∞Mϸ CMʸPyÏ˛ ∏Î≈MʸŒt Ú≥sÏ˝tÖ® ı≥ΔÊˇ$. AMʸyÊ˛-—$Mä¸ AÃÍVÛ¸ {¥˜Úú-ÁŸ-Ø˲-Ãå˝V> ô˲–˲$ —ßÈ≈-ΔÊˇ$¶À$ G®-VÛ¸ÖßÊ˛$Mʸ$ GÖô˲-V>د –ÈΔÊˇ$ ô¯yÊ˛µ-yÊ˛$-ô˲$Ö-sÍΔÊˇ$. ——´ßÊ˛ {¥ÎgÒ˝-Mʸ$tÀô¯ —ßÈ≈-ΔÊˇ$¶-ÀØ˲$ GÁ≥µ-sÏ˝-Mʸ-Á≥#µyÊ˛$ EôÈfi-Áfl˝-Á≥-ΔÊˇ$-Á‹$¢Ö-sÍΔÊˇ$. {¥ÎMϸt-MʸÃå˝ ØÈÃÒ˝yä˛j ¥˜ÖßÛ˛ÃÍ ^˲*›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. CÖyÊ˛Ô‹â A–˲-Á‹-Δ>-ÀMʸ$ AØ˲$Vʸ$◊˝ÖV> G®-VÛ¸ÃÍ gÍ{Vʸ-ô˲¢À$ °Á‹$-Mʸ$Ö-sÍΔÊˇ$. ¥ÎÜMʸ –Û˛À –ö˛$Ö®Mϸ —$Ö_Ø˲ AÀ$“$≤ ©∞ ›˜Öô˲Ö. ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇ {¥˘{V>-–å˛$fi∞ ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇ Bãú yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ ı≥«r˝ ƒÊ˝*M¸fi-Á‹» yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ Mʸ–˲$*≈∞MÛ¸ÁŸØå˛, ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, ∞så˝-–Û˛Δäˇ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, ÃÒ˝ßÊ˛Δäˇ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, sÒ˝Mä¸fi-sÒ˝OÃå˝ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ AÃÍVÛ¸ ªÍ≈_ÀΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài (A¥Î-ΔˇÃå˝ {¥˜yÊ˛-Ñʸ-Øå˛)ÃZ ∞ãút AÖ®-›˘¢Ö®. BΔäˇtfi, Ú‹OØå˛fi, M>–˲$Δäˇfi Á‹‡ H {Vʸ*Á≥#ô¯ Ø˛OØÈ CÖrΔäˇ E°¢-ΔÊˇ$~À$ D M¯ΔÊˇ$fi ^Û˛ı‹Ö-ßÊ˛$Mʸ$ AΔÊˇ$·À$. ªÍ≈_ÀΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-À-i(-A-¥Î-ΔˇÃå˝ {¥˜yÊ˛-Ñʸ-Øå˛)Mϸ –˲*{ôË˛Ö –Û˛$£ä˛fi, ÌúhMä¸fi, M¸—$-Ô‹âô¯ CÖrΔäˇ ¥ÎÚ‹O EÖyÈÕ. –˲*Á‹tΔäˇfi {¥˘{V>–å˛$fi MϸÖßÊ˛ –˲*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, –˲*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝, –˲*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài BÁúΔäˇ ^Û˛›˘¢Ö®. ∞ãút MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ M>Δ>≈-ÀƒÊ˝$Ö ——´ßÊ˛ M¯ΔÊˇ$fi-ÀMʸ$ AøÊ˝≈ΔÊˇ$¶-ÀØ˲$ GÖÌ≥Mʸ ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ö®.

M¯ΔÊˇ$fi ∞ãútÃZ A´ßÊ˛≈-ƒÊ˝$ØË˛Ö —À-Ñʸ-◊˝ÖV> EÖr$Ö®. GÁ≥µ-sÏ˝-MʸÁ≥#µyÊ˛$ –˲*ΔÊˇ$µÀ$ ^¯r$ ^Û˛Á‹$-Mʸ$ØÛ˛ ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Ö ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛. AÖßÊ˛$–˲Àœ –Èr-∞≤Ö-sÏ˝± BMʸ„ÖÁ≥# ^Û˛Á‹$-M¯-–˲-yÊ˛–Û˛$ M>ßÊ˛$, B^˲-ΔÊˇ◊˝ÃZ Ú≥sÙ˝tÖßÊ˛$Mʸ$ AØ˲$-Vʸ$-◊˝ÖV> ªZ´ßÊ˛-Ø˲Ø˲$ Mˆô˲¢ Á≥#Öô˲À$ ôˆMϸP-Á‹$¢Ö-sÍΔÊˇ$. ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, sÒ˝M>≤-Ài ØÈÀ$VÛ¸‚Ê˝Â ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇ {¥˘{V>-–å˛$ÃZ AÖßÊ˛-«MÓ¸ M>–˲$Øå˛ AÖ‘Ë˝Ö & ∏˚ÖyÛ˛ÁŸØå˛ {¥˘{V>–å˛$. Á≥N«¢V> C® JMʸ HyÈ® M¯ΔÊˇ$fi. CÖßÊ˛$ÃZ øÍVʸÖV> ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ CÖyÊ˛Ô‹âÚ≥O Á‹–˲${Vʸ A–˲-V>-Áfl˝Ø˲ Mʸյ›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. M>Ø˛fiã≥t, IyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* ®‘Ë˝V> Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ô˲ Á≥«-gÍqØ˲Ö, Ø˛OÁ≥#◊Í≈ÀØ˲$ ¥˜ÖßÛ˛ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ ô˛Õ-ƒÊ˝$-gÙ˝-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. ΔˇÖy¯ HyÈ® M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÃZ yÏ˛Ì‹-Ì≥œØå˛ Á≥«-^˲ƒÊ˝$Ö, CÖyÊ˛-Ô‹âÚ≥O A–˲-V>-Áfl˝Ø˲,

{¥ÎÚ‹ã‹ {Á≥{Mϸ-ƒÊ˝$À$, –˛$sÓ˝-«-ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝fi ô˲®-ô˲-Δ>ÀØ˲$ ªZ´®-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. –˲$*y¯ HyÈ® GÖÌ≥Mʸ ^Û˛Á‹$-Mʸ$Ø˲≤ yÏ˛Ì‹-Ì≥œ-Øå˛Mʸ$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®Ö_ M¯Δäˇ M>ÖÌ≥-sÒ˝±fi, M>Ø˛fi-Á≥#t-ÃÒ˝O-gÙ˝-ÁŸØå˛ ô˲®-ô˲-Δ>À$ EÖsÍΔˇ$$. ØÈÀ$V¯ HyÈ® M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÃZ Ú‹µÁŸ-ÃÒ˝OgÙ˝-ÁŸ-Øå˛Mʸ$ ô¯yÊ˛$ CÖyÊ˛Ì‹âƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ CÖr-Δäˇ≤-ÌŸã≥ EÖr$Ö®. Á≥«-‘Z-´ßÊ˛Ø˲ {¥ÎÜ-Á≥-®-MʸV> –˲ñÜ¢ Á≥ΔÊˇÖV> ¥˘sÓ˝-ô˲-ôÈ”∞≤ ô˛À$-Á‹$-Mʸ$Ö-sÍΔÊˇ$.

yÊ˛*≈ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ yÏ˛{X {Á≥Á≥Ö^˲ {Á≥RÍ≈ô˲ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ô¯ ∞ãútMʸ$ AÀƒÊ˝$Øå˛fi EÖ®. A–˛$-«-M>-ÃZ∞ Ø˲*≈ƒÊ˝*-ΔäˇP-ÃZ∞ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ CØå˛-Ì‹t-r*≈så˝ Bãú sÒ˝M>≤-Ài AÖßÊ˛$ÃZ {Á≥–ö˛$$-Q-–˛$O-Ø˲®. B Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ô¯ MʸÀÌ‹ yÊ˛*≈ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ yÏ˛{X ^Û˛ı‹ A–ö˛-M>-‘È∞≤ ô˲–ö˛$ —ßë≈-ΔÊˇ$-ÀMʸ$ ∞ãút Mʸյ-›˘¢Ö®. ©∞Mϸ GÖÌ≥-M¸OØ˲ —ßë≈-ΔÊˇ$¶À$ ∞ãútÃZ Mʸ*yë ^˲®— yÊ˛*≈ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ yÏ˛{X ¥˜ÖßÊ˛-–ö˛^˲$a. VʸyÊ˛_Ø˲ AΔˇ$$-ßÛ˛-‚Ê˝ÂÃZ 45 –ö˛$Ö® yÊ˛*≈ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ yÏ˛{X °Á‹$-M¯-Vʸ-Õ-V>ΔÊˇ$. ——´ßÊ˛ ßÛ˛‘È-ÀMʸ$ ^˛Ö®Ø˲ –ö˛$«∞≤ {Á≥RÍ≈ô˲ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶-Àô¯ Mʸ*yë ∞ãútMʸ$ A›˘Ì‹-ƒÙ˝$-ÁŸØå˛ EÖ®.

A∞≤ Ú‹ÖrΔÊˇ$œ, M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÃZœ MʸÕÌ≥ –˛$$ô˲¢“$√ßÊ˛ 3,547 Ô‹r$œ EØÈ≤Δˇ$$. “sÏ˝ÃZ Ô≥i Ô‹r$œ 753 E¥Î´® A–˲M>‘ÈÀ$ {V>yÊ˛$≈-ƒÙ˝$-ÁŸØå˛ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ø˲ AøÊ˝≈-ΔÊˇ$¶-ÀMʸ$ ›Î´ßÈ-ΔÊˇ◊˝ÖV> A–˲-M>-‘ÈÀ$ CÃÍ EÖsÍΔˇ$$.

∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ D M¯ΔÊˇ$fi ^Û˛Ì‹Ø˲ –˲≈Mʸ$¢-ÀMʸ$ yÏ˛gÒ˝O-Ø˲ΔÊˇ$œ, {ÔúÃÍØå˛fi yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ MʸØ˲fi-ÃÒ˝tÖr$œ, yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-fΔÊˇ$œ, Á‹tΔˇ$$-Õ-Á‹$tÀ$, GWj-º-ÁŸØå˛ AÖyä˛ —k-–˲Ãå˝ yÏ˛ã‹ı≥œ GMä¸fi-Á≥Δäˇtfi, ∏˘Δäˇ-M>-Ì‹tÖVä¸ AÖyä˛ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ {sÒ˝Öyä˛fi ∏˘ΔÊˇ–å˛$ BΔÊˇY-Ø˛O-fΔäˇfi, M>Á‹*t≈–å˛$ yÏ˛gÒ˝O-Ø˲Δäˇfi, CÀ-ı‹â-rΔäˇfi, ∏Î≈rΔäˇ≤ CÖf-±-Δäˇfi-ô¯-¥Îr$ GÖ{r-{Ú≥-Ø˲*≈-ΔäˇfiV> Ì‹¶ΔÊˇ-Á≥-yÊ˛-–˲^˲$a.

ÃÒ˝ßÊ˛Δäˇ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ ÃÒ˝ßÊ˛Δäˇ CÖyÊ˛-Ô‹âÃZ Á‹–˲$$-Ø˲≤ô˲ A–˲-M>-‘ÈÀ$ À¿-

D Ø˛OÁ≥#◊Í≈À$ EÖsÙ˝ Á‹M¸fiã‹ ∞ãút GÖ{sÒ˝Øå˛fi GV>j-–å˛$Mʸ$ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈Mʸ {Ì≥Á≥-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸØå˛ A–˲-Á‹ΔÊˇÖ ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. A® ^ÈÃÍ Ì‹ÖÁ≥#Ãå˝. {MϸƒÙ˝$-sÏ˝-—-sÓ˝Mϸ {¥Î´ßÈØ˲≈Ö C›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. CÖXœÁŸ$ øÍÁŸÃZ Ô‹µMϸÖVä¸ Ø˛OÁ≥#-◊Í≈-∞Mϸ Mʸ*yÈ {¥Î–˲$$Q≈Ö EÖr$Ö®. fØ˲ΔÊˇÃå˝ Gº-ÕsÓ˝ sÒ˝ã‹t sÒ˝Øå˛¢ ›Î¶Δˇ$$ÃZ EÖr$Ö®. M>”ÖsÏ˝-sÙ˝-sÏ˝–å˛ GºÕsÓ˝, Mʸ–˲$*≈-∞-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ Gº-ÕsÓ˝, CÖXœãŸ M>Ö{Á≥-Úfl˝-Ø˲¤Øå˛, AØ˲-Õ-sÏ˝-MʸÃå˝ Gº-ÕsÓ˝, fØ˲-ΔÊˇÃå˝ ØÈÃÒ˝yä˛j AÖyä˛ MʸΔˇÖså˝ AÚúO-ΔäˇfiÚ≥O {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$ EÖsÍΔˇ$$. yÏ˛gÒ˝O-∞ÖVä¸ M¯ΔÊˇ$fi-ÀMʸ$ {MϸƒÙ˝$-sÏ˝–å˛ Gº-ÕsÓ˝ sÒ˝ã‹t Mʸ*yÈ EÖr$Ö®. CÖßÊ˛$-ÃZØÛ˛ —ßë≈-«¶-ÃZ∞ Á‹ñf-ØÈ-ô˲√-Mʸ-ô˲Ø˲$ Á≥»-Ñϸ-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. ¥˘Á‹tΔäˇ {Á≥fÖ-sÙ˝-ÁŸØå˛ EÖr$Ö®. ßÈ∞Ú≥O –˲$ØË˛Ö ΔÊˇÖVʸ$À$ –Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛–Û˛$ M>ßÊ˛$, –ÈsÏ˝∞ GÖßÊ˛$Mʸ$ –Û˛‘È-–˲$-Ø˲≤® Mʸ*yÈ —–˲-«Ö-^˲-VʸÀ V>Õ. B{Vʸ-‡-∞Mϸ GΔÊˇ$Á≥#, {ı≥–˲$Mʸ$ Ì≥ÖMä¸... CÃÍ ßÛ˛∞-Mʸ® GÖßÊ˛$Mʸ$ EÁ≥-ƒÒ˝*-WÖ-^È-–˲$Ø˲≤ ßÈ∞Ú≥O Á‹µÁŸt-–˛$OØ˲ A–˲-V>-Áfl˝Ø˲

ƒÊ˝*M¸fiÁ‹» yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ yÏ˛gÒ˝O-Ø˲ΔÊˇ$œ, {ªÍÖyä˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-fΔÊˇ$œ, —k-–˲Ãå˝ –˲$ΔÊˇPÖ-y˛O-fΔÊˇ$œ, {¥˜yÊ˛Mä¸t –Û˛$ØÛ˛-f-ΔÊˇ$œV> Á≥∞ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$-–˲^˲$a. M>Á‹*t≈–å˛$ l≈ƒÊ˝$À», ÃÒ˝ßÊ˛Δäˇ Vʸ*yä˛fi, Wãút-–Û˛Δäˇ, sÙ˝∫$-Ãå˝-–Û˛Δäˇ, –È^˛ã‹, Áú#så˝-–Û˛Δäˇ, ‡≈ÖyÓ˛-{M>ãút, ÃÒ˝Oãú Á‹tΔˇ$$Ãå˝ {¥˜yÊ˛Mä¸t GÖ{r-{Ú≥-Ø˲*≈-ΔÊˇ$œV> ∞À-߈-Mʸ$P-M¯-–˲^˲$a.

sÒ˝Mä¸fisÒ˝OÃå˝ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ sÒ˝Mä¸fi-sÒ˝OÃå˝ —$Ãå˝fi, GMä¸fi-¥˘Δäˇt ÁfloÚ‹ã-‹ÃZ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ yÏ˛gÒ˝O-Ø˲ΔÊˇ$œV>; yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ Á‹*tyÏ˛-ƒÒ˝*ã‹, —$Ãå˝fi, ∫Δˇ$$ÖVä¸ ÁfloÚ‹ã‹, ‡≈ÖyÊ˛*œ–å˛$ M¯B-Á≥-ΔÛˇ-sÏ˝–å˛fi, ∫Δˇ$$ÖVä¸ HgÒ˝-±fiÃZœ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ ÃÙ˝ßÈ ∏Î≈{ºMä¸ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-f-ΔÊˇ$œV> Á≥∞-^Û˛-ƒÊ˝$-–˲^˲$a. ›˜Öô˲ÖV> yÏ˛gÒ˝O-Ø˲-ΔÊˇ$œV>, GÖ{r-{Ú≥-Ø˲*≈-ΔÊˇ$œV> GßÊ˛-Vʸ-–˲^˲$a.

∞så˝–Û˛Δäˇ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ EÖyÈÕ. ßÈ∞∞ GV>j-—$-Ø˲-ΔäˇMʸ* —–˲-«Ö-^˲-Vʸ-À-V>Õ. ¥ÎΔÊˇ$P, ∞så˝-–Û˛Δäˇ yÏ˛gÒ˝O-Ø˲ΔÊˇ$œ, Á‹tΔˇ$$-Õ-Á‹$tÀ$, GÖ{r {Ú≥Ø˲*≈ΔÊˇ$œ, ı‹tyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Ö, ∫ã‹-›ÎtÁ≥# CÃÍ ßÛ˛∞ Ú≥OØ˛OØÈ ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ MʸØ˲fi-ÃÒ˝tÖr$œ, {¥˜yÊ˛Mä¸t y˛–˲-À-Á≥ΔÊˇ$œ, {¥˜yÊ˛-ÑʸØå˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛{Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$ EÖsÍΔˇ$$. JMʸP {Á≥‘Ë˝≤Ø˲$ AsÒ˝Öã≥t ^Û˛ı‹¢ fΔÊˇ$œ, –˲$ΔÊˇPÖ-y˛O-fΔÊˇ$œ, «sÒ˝OÃå˝ ¥ÎœØ˲ΔÊˇ$œ, ºh-Ø˛ã‹ y˛–˲-À^ÈÀ$. ^˲MʸPV> FÌfl˝Ö_ ¥˘Á‹tΔäˇ –Û˛ƒÊ˝*Õ. AØ˲*-Áfl˝≈Á≥ΔÊˇ$œ, ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ ΔˇOrΔÊˇ$œ, AMʸ-yÊ˛-“$-ÌŸ-ƒÊ˝$-Ø˲$œV> Á≥∞-^Û˛-ƒÊ˝$–˛$O-Ø˲— H“ EÖyÊ˛–˲#.

–˲^˲$a.

A±≤ ô˛Õ-Ì‹-Ø˲–Û˛. AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ –ÈsÏ˝∞ {Á≥fÖså˝ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$-yÊ˛ÖÃZ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ Mʸ–˲$*≈∞MÛ¸ÁŸØå˛ {MϸƒÙ˝$-sÏ˝-—sÓ˝ ∫ƒÊ˝$-r-Á≥-yÈÕ. Ì‹r$≈-ƒÙ˝$-ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝Á‹$tÃZ Ú‹OôË˛Ö M>rØå˛, «∫æØå˛ ô˲®-ô˲ΔÊˇ AΔˇ$$ßÊ˛$ –˛$sÓ˝-«-ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝fi C›Î¢ΔÊˇ$.

–˲$$Q≈ÖV> D M¯ΔÊˇ$fi —ßÈ≈-ΔÊˇ$¶-ÀMʸ$ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ AyÏ˛-WØ˲ Á‹ÖßÊ˛-Δ>¬-∞Mϸ ô˲VʸYr$t {Á≥fÖså˝ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝*Õ. Á≥»-ÑʸMʸ$ AÃÍVÛ¸ ÃÒ˝Oãú Á‹tΔˇ$$Ãå˝ Á≥«-{‘Ë˝-–˲$Mʸ$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®Ö_ –˲$$ÖßÊ˛$ CÖsÏ˝-–˲ßÊ˛™ Mʸ*yÈ D AΔˇ$$ßÊ˛$ –˛$sÓ˝«ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝fiô¯ Mʸ–˲$*≈-∞-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ Ø˛OÁ≥#-◊Í≈À$ AÀ-–˲-yÊ˛-ôÈΔˇ$$.

——´ßÊ˛ Á≥«-Ì‹¶-ô˲$-ÀMʸ$ AØ˲$-Vʸ$-◊˝ÖV> {Á≥fÖså˝ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö {¥ÎMÓ¸tã‹ {V>ÌúMä¸ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ fΔÊˇ≤-ÕfÖ, —k-–˲Ãå˝ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$-–˲^˲$a.

–˲$ΔÊˇPÖ-y˛O-hÖVä¸ AÖyä˛ «sÒ˝OÃå˝ ı‹µã‹ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛,

gÍªå˝ M>ΔÊˇ≤Δäˇ

Úfl˝^¨˛HGÃå˝ M¯ΔÊˇ–ÈÃZ∞ Ìfl˝ÖßÊ˛$›Î¶Ø¨˛ HΔ¯ØÈsÏ˝Mä¸fi Õ—$sÒ˝yä˛(Úfl˝^¨˛HGÃå˝) B´ßÊ˛”ΔÊˇ≈ÖÃZ∞ H—ƒÊ˝*∞Mä¸fi yÏ˛—fب˛& {sÙ˝yä˛ A{Ú≥ÖsÏ˝ã‹À øÊ˝»¢Mϸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$ô¯Ö®. {sÙ˝yä˛fi –È» R͉À$: GÀM>â∞Mä¸fi –˛$M>∞Mä¸ 35, GÀMÓ¸âÌŸƒÊ˝$ب˛ 10, ÌúrtΔäˇ 15, rΔÊˇ≤Δäˇ 11, –˛$ÌŸ∞ã‹t 10, Cب˛Á‹$â–˛$Öså˝ –˛$M>∞Mä¸ 12, BΔäˇá HÔ‹ –˛$M>∞Mä¸ 5, {yëãútfi–ö˛$ب˛ (–˛$M>∞Mä¸) 4, MʸÖÁ≥N≈rΔäˇ BÁ≥ΔÛˇrΔäˇ AÖyä˛ {¥˘{V>—$ÖVä¸ AÌ‹Ú‹tÖså˝ á –˛$ÌŸ∞ã‹t 2, –˛*sÍΔäˇ –˛Ìfl˝MϸÃå˝ –˛$M>∞Mä¸ 2, GÀM¯â ı≥œrΔäˇ 2, –˛ÀzΔäˇ 1, Ú≥Δˇ$$ÖrΔäˇ 2 AΔÊˇ·ô˲: Á≥߯ô˲ΔÊˇVÊ¸Ü E°¢ΔÊˇ~ô˲ô¯¥Îr$ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®ô˲ {sÙ˝yä˛ÃZ IsÏ˝I Á≥N«¢^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ. –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ ØÈsÏ˝Mϸ 27 H‚Ê˝ìœ —$Ö^˲Mʸ*yÊ˛ßÊ˛$. ≥Mʸ: AMʸyÊ˛—$Mä¸ –˛$«så˝ B´ßëΔÊˇÖV>.

R͉À$ GÖÌ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢Mʸ$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 30.

–˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: https://hal-india.co.in

121

IKÔ‹GÃå˝

›Î¢Δˇ$$. yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, {¥˜yÊ˛Mä¸t y˛–˲-Àã-≥-–˛$Öså˝, –˲$ΔÊˇPÖ-y˛O-hÖVä¸, –˲*Ø˲$≈ ∏ÎMʸa-«ÖVä¸, «sÒ˝OÃå˝ ô˲®-ô˲ΔÊˇ ΔÊˇÖV>ÃZœ Δ>◊Ï˝Ö-^˲-–˲^˲$a. ÃÒ˝ßÊ˛Δäˇ GMä¸fi ¥˘Δäˇt/ ßÛ˛÷ƒÊ˝$ –˲*ΔˇP-rœÃZ Á≥∞ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$–˲^˲$a. GÖ{r-{Ú≥-Ø˲*≈-Δäˇ-ÌŸã-≥-Ø˲Mʸ* A–˲-M>‘Ë˝Ö EÖr$Ö®.

R͉À$

441

CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$ب˛ BΔˇ$$Ãå˝ M>ΔˆµΔÛˇÁŸØ¨˛ Õ—$sÒ˝yä˛ ô˲*ΔÊˇ$µ —øÍVÊ¸Ö & {sÙ˝yä˛ á sÒ˝MÓ¸≤ÌŸƒÊ˝$ب˛ A{Ú≥ÖsÏ˝ã‹À øÊ˝»¢Mϸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$ô¯Ö® {sÙ˝yä˛ A{Ú≥ÖsÏ˝ã‹ R͉À$: 314 {sÙ˝yä˛fi: ÌúrtΔäˇ, GÀMÓ¸âÌŸƒÊ˝$ب˛, GÀM>â∞Mä¸fi –˛$M>∞Mä¸, Cب˛Á‹$â–˛$Öså˝ –˛$M>∞Mä¸, –˛$ÌŸ∞ã‹t, AM˙ÖsÒ˝Öså˝. sÒ˝MÓ¸≤ÌŸƒÊ˝$ب˛ A{Ú≥ÖsÏ˝ã‹ R͉À$: 127 —øÍV>À$: –˛$M>∞MʸÃå˝, GÀMϸâMʸÃå˝, Cب˛Á‹$â–˛$ÖsÙ˝ÁŸØ¨˛, Ì‹—Ãå˝, GÀMϸâMʸÃå˝ á GÀM>â∞Mä¸fi, GÀM>â∞Mä¸fi. AΔÊˇ·ô˲: sÒ˝MÓ¸≤ÌŸƒÊ˝$ب˛ A{Ú≥ÖsÏ˝ã‹ÀMʸ$ CÖf±«ÖVä¸ yÏ˛¥˜œ–ö˛* {sÙ˝yä˛ A{Ú≥ÖsÏ˝ã‹ÀMʸ$ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®ô˲ {sÙ˝yä˛ÃZ IsÓ˝I Á≥N«¢^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ.

AM˙ÖsÒ˝Öså˝ —øÍV>∞Mϸ –ö˛*{ôË˛Ö ºM>Ö yÏ˛{X EÖyëÕ.

–ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ ØÈsÏ˝Mϸ 18 Ø˲$Ö_ 24 H‚Ê˝œ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ EÖyëÕ. GÖÌ≥Mʸ: Δ>ô˲ Á≥»Ñʸ, CÖrΔÊˇ*”≈ ßë”Δ>. Δ>ô˲ Á≥»Ñʸ ôÛ˛©: Ø˲–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 18Ø˲ Bب˛ÃÒ˝Oب˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢Mʸ$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: Ø˲–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 1 –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.iocl.com

l∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ sÒ˝MÓ¸≤ÌŸƒÊ˝$Ø˲$œ ßÛ˛–Èã‹ÃZ∞ ªÍ≈ÖMä¸ Ø¯så˝ {Ú≥ã‹ & Mϸ֮ E߯≈V>À øÊ˝»¢Mϸ R͉À$ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$ô¯Ö® E߯≈V>À$: ı‹Ôút BÔúÁ‹Δäˇ 1, –˛ÃÙ˝πΔäˇ BÔúÁ‹Δäˇ 1, Á‹*Á≥Δ䡖˛OfΔäˇ 27, l∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ BÔúã‹ AÌ‹Ú‹tÖså˝ 18, l∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ sÒ˝MÓ¸≤ÌŸƒÊ˝$ب˛ 39 AΔÊˇ·ô˲: E߯≈Vʸ ∞∫Ö´ßÊ˛Ø˲À {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®ô˲ —øÍVʸÖÃZ IsÓ˝I, yÏ˛¥˜œ–ö˛*, ºD/ ΩsÒ˝Mä¸, fØ˲ΔÊˇÃå˝ yÏ˛{X, sÒ˝OÌ≥ÖVä¸ Á≥«gÍqØË˛Ö EÖyëÕ.

–ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: ∞∫Ö´ßÊ˛Ø˲À {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ 25 Ø˲$Ö_ 30 H‚Ê˝œ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ EÖyëÕ.

GÖÌ≥Mʸ: Bب˛ÃÒ˝Oب˛ sÒ˝ã‹t, sÒ˝OÌ≥ÖVä¸ sÒ˝ã‹t ßë”Δ> ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ Ôúk: ΔÊˇ*.400 ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢Mʸ$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: Ø˲–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 9 –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: http://bnpdewas.spmcil.com

86

IsÓ˝ΩÔ≥ÃZ M>∞ı‹t∫$Ãå˝fi CÖy¯ sÏ˝ªÒ˝rب˛ ªZΔÊˇzΔäˇ ¥˘Œã‹ ∏˘Δäˇfi (IsÓ˝ΩÔ≥Gãú)& M>∞ı‹t∫$Ãå˝ (ƒÊ˝*∞–ö˛$Ãå˝ {sÍب˛fi¥˘Δäˇt) E߯≈V>À øÊ˝»¢Mϸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$ô¯Ö®. R͉À$: 85 (Á≥#ΔÊˇ$ÁŸ$ÀMʸ$ 72, –ö˛$Ìfl˝‚Ê˝ÀMʸ$ 13 E߯≈V>ÀØ˲$ MÛ¸sÍΔˇ$$Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$). ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ Ôúk: ΔÊˇ*.100. {Á≥MʸrØ˲Mʸ$ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®Ö_Ø˲ Á≥N«¢ Á‹–ö˛*^ÈΔ>∞≤ AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 13 ØÈsÏ˝ GÖ¥ÎœΔˇ$$–˛$Öså˝ Ø˲*≈ã‹ ÃZ ^˲*yÊ˛–ö˛^˲$a.

Bب˛ÃÒ˝Oب˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢Mʸ$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: Ø˲–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 13.

R͉À$ –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.recruitment.itbpolice.nic.in

85

Á‹tΔˇ$$ÕÖVä¸ AÖyä˛ ∏˜sZ-{VʸÔú, D–˛Öså˝fi AÖyä˛ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ AyÊ˛”-ΔÊˇt-Δˇ$$-hÖ-Vä¸ÃZ A–˲-M>-‘ÈÀ$ EÖsÍΔˇ$$.

A¥ÎΔˇÃå˝ {¥˜yÊ˛Mä¸t {¥˜yÊ˛-ÑʸØå˛, M>”ÕsÓ˝ AÁ‹*≈-ΔˇØå˛fi, V>Δˇ√Öså˝ sÒ˝M>≤-À-h-Á‹$tÀ$, CÖyÊ˛-Ì‹âƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ CÖf-±-«ÖVä¸, {¥˜yÊ˛Mä¸t y˛–˲-Àã≥-–˛$Öså˝, ›˘«fiÖVä¸, {¥ÎgÒ˝Mä¸t AØÈÕfiã‹, {¥˜yÊ˛-ÑʸØå˛ ¥Îœ∞ÖVä¸, Ì‹Á‹t–å˛$ AØÈ-Õfiã‹, ›Îãút-–Û˛Δäˇ AÌ≥œ-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛, –˲$ΔÊˇPÖ-y˛O-hÖVä¸ («sÒ˝OÃå˝, GMä¸fi-¥˘Δäˇt) ô˲®-ô˲ΔÊˇ A–˲-M>-‘ÈÀ$ Á≥#ÁŸP-ÀÖV> À¿-›Î¢Δˇ$$.

{Á≥–Û˛‘Ë˝Ö ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇ {¥˘{V>-–å˛$-ÀÃZ {Á≥–Û˛-‘È-∞Mϸ EßÛ˛™-’Ö-_Ø˲ sÒ˝ã‹tÃZ fØ˲-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Gº-ÕsÏ˝ sÒ˝ã‹t, {MϸƒÙ˝$-sÏ˝-—sÓ˝ Gº-ÕsÓ˝ sÒ˝ã‹t EÖsÍΔˇ$$. fØ˲-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Gº-ÕsÓ˝ sÒ˝ã‹tÃZ M>”ÖsÏ˝-sÙ˝-sÏ˝–å˛ GºÕsÓ˝, Mʸ–˲$*≈-∞-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ Gº-ÕsÓ˝, AØ˲-Õ-sÏ˝-MʸÃå˝ Gº-ÕsÓ˝, CÖXœÁŸ$ M>Ö{Á≥-Úfl˝-Ø˲¤Øå˛, fØ˲-ΔÊˇÃå˝ ØÈÃÒ˝yä˛j AÖyä˛ MʸΔˇÖså˝ AÚúO-ΔäˇfiÚ≥O {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$ EÖsÍΔˇ$$. B ΔˇÖsÏ˝ÃZ GÖÌ≥-M¸OØ˲ AøÊ˝≈ΔÊˇ$¶-ÀMʸ$ –ö˛*{ô˲–Û˛$ Ì‹r$≈-ƒÙ˝$-ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝ã‹t Mʸ*yë ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝Ö_ –˛$«så˝ Õã‹t ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö-®-›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. ºGã-úsÏ˝ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiMʸ$ fØ˲-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Gº-ÕsÓ˝ sÒ˝ã‹t –ö˛*{ô˲–Û˛$ EÖr$Ö®. Ô≥i M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ —ÁŸ-ƒÊ˝*-∞Mϸ –ö˛ı‹¢, –ö˛*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiMʸ$ fØ˲-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Gº-ÕsÏ˝ sÒ˝ã‹t, {MϸƒÙ˝$-sÏ˝-—sÓ˝ Gº-ÕsÓ˝ sÒ˝ã‹tÀMʸ$ ô¯yÊ˛$ {Vʸ*ã≥ yÏ˛Á‹P-ÁŸØå˛, Á≥ΔÊˇfi-Ø˲Ãå˝ CÖrΔÊˇ*”≈ EÖsÍΔˇ$$. –ö˛*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài, –ö˛*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝ M¯ΔÊˇ$fi-ÀMʸ$ fØ˲-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Gº-Õ-rsÓ˝ sÒ˝ã‹tMʸ$ ô¯yÊ˛$ {Vʸ*ã≥ yÏ˛Á‹P-ÁŸØå˛ Á≥ΔÊˇfi-Ø˲Ãå˝ CÖrΔÊˇ*”≈ EÖsÍΔˇ$$. fØ˲-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Gº-ÕsÓ˝ sÒ˝ã‹tÃZ sÍÌ≥Mä¸fi ƒÊ˝$*iMϸ –ö˛*®-«-V>ØÛ˛ EÖsÍΔˇ$$.

AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ ªÍ≈^˲$-ÀΔäˇ Bãú yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ M¯ΔÊˇ$fi-ÀMʸ$ EßÛ˛™-’Ö-_Ø˲ fØ˲-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Gº-ÕsÓ˝ sÒ˝ã‹tÃZ ∞ΔÛˇ™-’ô˲ sÍÌ≥Mä¸fi Ø˲$Ö_ 100

Category: Merit Based Description: Graduate women holding upper hand in academics, who are interested in pursuing post-graduation in Neuroscience, are offered scholarship in the same by Tata Trusts. This scholarship is offered to eliminate the financial hurdle, which is posing a blockade in one's higher education to medical stream.

Eligibility: Only female applicants are accepted for this call.

Candidates who are enrolled in first or second year of their

{Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$ EÖsÍΔˇ$$. –ö˛*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú yÏ˛gÒ˝O-Øå˛Mʸ$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®Ö_ 120 {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$ EÖsÍΔˇ$$. M>À-–ö˛≈-–ö˛´® ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ VʸÖrÀ$.

AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài, –ö˛*Á‹tΔäˇ CØå˛ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài, –ö˛*Á‹tΔäˇ CØå˛ ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝ M¯ΔÊˇ$fi-ÀMʸ$ EßÛ˛™-’Ö-_Ø˲ fØ˲-ΔÊˇÃå˝ Gº-ÕsÓ˝ sÒ˝ã‹tÃZ A–Û˛ sÍÌ≥Mä¸fi EØ˲≤-Á≥µ-sÏ˝MÓ¸ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À Á‹ÖQ≈ 150. sÍÌ≥Mä¸fi M>–ö˛$Øå˛.

M¯ΔÊˇ$fiØ˲$ ∫sÏ˝t JM¯P sÍÌ≥-Mä¸ÃZ AyÏ˛VÛ¸ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À Á‹ÖQ≈ –Û˛ΔÛˇ”ΔÊˇ$V> EÖsÍΔˇ$$. –˛$$ô˲¢-“$√ßÊ˛ 150 {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÃÙ˝ AyÊ˛$-Vʸ$-ôÈΔÊˇ$.

M>À-–ö˛≈-–ö˛´® –ö˛$*yÊ˛$ VʸÖrÀ$. ——´ßÊ˛ sÒ˝Á‹$t-ÀMʸ$ –Û˛ΔÛˇ”ΔÊˇ$ –˛Δˇ$$-sÙ˝-iÀ$ C_a ô˲$® –˛$«så˝ gͺ-ôÈØ˲$ ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö-®›Î¢ΔÊˇ$.

BÁ‹Mϸ¢ EØ˲≤ AøÊ˝≈-ΔÊˇ$¶À$ D Hyë® yÏ˛Ú‹Ö-∫Δäˇ 28ÃZÁ≥# ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍÁ‹$¢ ^Û˛Á‹$-M¯-–ÈÕ. Δ>ô˲ Á≥»Ñʸ –ö˛^Û˛a Á‹Ö–ö˛-ô˲fiΔÊˇÖ fØ˲–ö˛« 20Ø˲ fΔÊˇ$-Vʸ$-ô˲$Ö®.

NIFT HYDERABAD NIFT Campus, Opposite Hi-Tech. City, Cyberabad post, Madhapur, Hyderabad 500 081, Telangana.

T: (040) 23110841/42/43, 23110630.

F (040) 23114536 –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.nift.ac.in BØå˛-ÃÒ˝OØå˛ «h-ı‹â-ÁŸØå˛ M¯Á‹Ö: https://applyadmission.net/NIFT2019/

Scholarship

Tata Trusts Women Scholarship for Neuroscience 2018-19 post-graduation program can also send their applications. It is mandatory to secure 60% in the graduation program.

Prizes & Rewards: Waiver in tuition fee and related expenses will be given.

Last Date to Apply: November 05, 2018 Application Mode: Only online applications can be made. Short Source URL: http://www.b4s.in/AJ/TTW1

College Board India Category: Means cum Merit Based Scholars Program Description: Students who take the SAT for university admission in India, post class 12, are given an opportunity to avail the benefits under this invite. The call offers a free SAT test in December 2018 and full tuition scholarship at leading Indian universities.

Eligibility: For a free SAT in December 2018, the applicant must be an Indian resident with annual family income less than INR 6L and must be in class 12. To be considered eligible for full college tuition scholarship, the applicant's family income should be below INR 4L p.a. and is in class 12 in the current academic session. The student must also perform very well on the SAT and must apply to and receive admission from the partnered Indian universities.

Prizes & Rewards: Free SAT examination worth INR 7,000 and full tuition scholarship for any of the partnered Indian universities.

Last Date to apply: November 02, 2018 Application: Applications can be made online only.

Short Source URL: http://www.b4s.in/AJ/CBI1

Alert

Category: Merit Based Description: TATA Trusts is offering scholarships to students who are looking forward to do their post-graduation in programs related to Speech Therapy, i.e., Speech and Hearing, Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Audio Speech Therapy,

Tata Trusts Scholarship for Speech Therapy 2018-19 Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, from any institute in India.

Eligibility: The applicant must have secured 60% in the graduation degree and is interested to take admission in the post-graduation program related to speech therapy. Candidates who are already enrolled in the first or second year are also welcome to apply.

Prizes & Rewards: The eligible candidate will receive waiver in tuition fee and related expenditure.

Last Date to Apply: November 05, 2018 Application Mode: Applications can be made online only.

Application URL: http://www.b4s.in/AJ/TTS5

Courtesy: www.buddy4study.com

Ò$ çÜË-àË$, çÜ…§ól-àË$ ç³…´ë-ÍÞ¯]l _Æý‡$¯éÐ]l* Ýë„ìS Gyýl$ÅMóSçÙ¯Œl yðl‹ÜP, Ýë„ìS ¨¯]lç³{†MýS, ÆøyŠl ¯]l…ºÆý‡$&1, º…gêÆ>íßæÌŒæÞ, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šl&34. D&Ððl$Ƈ¬ÌŒæ sakshieducation@gmail.com

çܵÆý‡®Ä¶æ* Ð]lÆý‡®™ól ѧýlÅ

Ð]l$…VýSâ¶æÐéÆý‡…

23-10-2018

E§øÅVýS çÜÐ]l*^éÆý‡…

C…sñæÍgñ毌lÞ º*ÅÆøÌZ 1054 RêäË$ ¿êÆý‡™èl çßZ…Ð]l$…{†™èlÓ Ô>Q B«§ýlÓÆý‡Å…ÌZ §ólÔ¶æÐéÅç³¢…V> E¯]l² ÑÑ«§ýl çܼÞyýlÈ C…sñæÍgñ毌lÞ º*ÅÆø ÌZÏ 1054 òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæ AíÜòÜt…sŒæ ´ùçÜ$tË ¿¶æÈ¢MìS çÜ…º…«¨…_ òÜMýS*ÅÇ sîæ AíÜòÜt…sŒæ/GWjMýS*ÅsìæÐŒl GV>jÐŒl$& 2018 {ç³MýSr¯]l Ñyýl$§ýlOÌñæ…¨. ❖ Ððl¬™èl¢… RêäË$: 1054 (™ðlË$VýS$ Æ>Ú‰ëËMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ ÑfĶæ$ÐéyýlÌZ 20, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§ŠlÌZ 36 ´ùçÜ$tË$¯é²Æ‡¬). ❖ AÆý‡á™èl: 糧ø ™èlÆý‡VýS† E¡¢Æý‡~™èl. A¿¶æÅǦ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ^ólçÜ$MýS$¯ól º*ÅÆøMìS çÜ…º…«¨…_¯]l {´ë…¡Ä¶æ$ ¿êçÙ¯]l$ ^èl§ýlÐ]lyýl…, Æ>Ķæ$yýl…, Ð]l*sêÏyýlr… ™èlç³µ°çÜÇ.

Ð]lĶæ$çÜ$: 27 Hâ¶æÏMýS$ Ñ$…^èlMýS*yýl§ýl$.

GïÜÞ, GïÜtËMýS$ I§ólâ¶æ$Ï, K½ïÜËMýS$ Ð]lÊyólâ¶æ$Ï VýSÇçÙt Ð]lÄñæ* ç³ÇÑ$†ÌZ çÜyýlÍ…ç³# E…r$…¨. ❖ G…í³MýS: Æð‡…yýl…^ðlË Æ>™èl ç³È„ýS, C…rÆý‡*ÓÅ/ç³Æý‡Þ¯éÍsîæ sñæ‹Üt §éÓÆ>. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ Ñ«§é¯]l…: B¯ŒlOÌñ毌lÌZ. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ïœk: f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ, K½ïÜMìS ^ðl…¨¯]l ç³#Æý‡$çÙ A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦ËMýS$ Æý‡*.50, GïÜÞ, GïÜt, GMŠSÞ çÜÈÓ‹ÜÐðl$¯Œl, Ð]l$íßæâ¶æËMýS$ E_™èl…. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢MýS$ _Ð]lÇ™ól©: ¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠ‡ 10, 2018. ❖ ïœk ^ðlÍÏ…^èlyé°MìS _Ð]lÇ™ól©: ¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠ‡ 13, 2018. ❖ Ððl»ŒæOòÜsŒæ: www.ncs.gov.in ❖

ïÜïÜGÌŒæÌZ 760 RêäË$ MøÌŒæ C…yìlĶæ* ÍÑ$sñæyŠl ç³Ç«¨ÌZ ç³°^ólçÜ$¢¯]l² òÜ…{rÌŒæ MøÌŒæïœÌŒæzÞ ÍÑ$sñæyŠl (ïÜïÜGÌŒæ) ÑÑ«§ýl Ñ¿êV>ÌZÏ RêäV> E¯]l² 760 {sôæyŠl A{ò³…sîæ‹Ü ´ùçÜ$tË ¿¶æÈ¢MìS §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢Ë$ MøÆý‡$™ø…¨. ❖ Ñ¿êV>Ë ÐéÈ RêäË$: íœrtÆŠ‡&145, ÐðlËzÆŠ‡&75, GË[MîStíÙĶæ$¯Œl&180, Ððl$M>°MŠS BsZÐðl¬O»ñæÌŒæ GË[M>t°MŠSÞ&75, Ððl$M>°MŠS&75, MýS…ç³NÅrÆŠ‡ Bç³Æó‡rÆŠ‡ A…yŠl {´ù{V>Ñ$…VŠS AíÜòÜt…sŒæ&100, ç³…‹³ Bç³Æó‡rÆŠ‡ MýSÐŒl$ Ððl$M>°MŠS&60, Ððl$íÙ°‹Üt&25, rÆý‡²ÆŠ‡&25. ❖ AÆý‡á™èl: ´ùçÜ$t¯]l$ ºsìæt G°Ñ$¨/糧ø ™èlÆý‡VýS† Ìôæ§é çÜ…º…«¨™èl {sôæyýl$ÌZ IsîæI E¡¢Æý‡~™èl. ❖ Ð]lĶæ$çÜ$: 2018,

¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠ‡ 15 ¯ésìæMìS 18&30 Hâ¶æÏ Ð]l$«§ýlÅ E…yéÍ. K½ïÜËMýS$ Ð]lÊyólâ¶æ$Ï, GïÜÞ/GïÜtËMýS$ I§ólâ¶æ$Ï VýSÇçÙt Ð]lÄñæ* ç³ÇÑ$†ÌZ çÜyýlÍ…ç³# E…r$…¨. ❖ G…í³MýS: AMýSyýlÑ$MŠS Ððl$ÇsŒæ, Æ>™èlç³È„ýS §éÓÆ>. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢: B¯ŒlOÌñ毌lÌZ. AÆý‡á™èl E¯]l² A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ Ððl¬§ýlr www.apprenticeship.gov.in Ððl»ŒæOòÜsŒæÌZ ÇhçÜtÆŠ‡ ^ólçÜ$MøÐéÍ. B ™èlÆ>Ó™èl B¯ŒlOÌñ毌l Aí³ÏMóSçÙ¯Œl¯]l$ yú¯ŒlÌZyŠl ^ólçÜ$MýS$°, çÜ…º…«¨™èl çÜÇtíœMðSr$Ï f™èl^ólíÜ Ç{MýS*sŒæÐðl$…sŒæ A«¨M>ÇMìS ïܵyŠl´ù‹Üt/ÇhçÜtÆŠ‡ ´ù‹Üt §éÓÆ> ³ç …´ëÍ. ❖ B¯ŒlOÌñ毌l Çh[õÜtçÙ¯Œl {´ëÆý‡…¿¶æ…: AMøtºÆŠ‡ 29, 2018.❖ _Ð]lÇ™ól©: ¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠ‡ 15, 2018.❖ Ððl»ŒæOòÜsŒæ: www.centralcoalfields.in

G‹œGÐŒl$iD&2018 ѧólÔ>ÌZÏ OÐðl§ýlŠѧýlů]l$ ç³NÇ¢^ólíܯ]l A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ C…yìlĶæ*ÌZ Ððl$yìlMýSÌŒæ {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ$yé°MìS G¯Œl½D Hyé¨MìS Æð‡…yýl$ÝëÆý‡$Ï G‹œGÐŒl$iD {ïÜP°…VŠS sñæ‹Üt¯]l$ °Æý‡ÓíßæçÜ$¢…¨. D {MýSÐ]l$…ÌZ ¸ëǯŒl Ððl$yìlMýSÌŒæ {V>yýl$ÅÄôæ$sŒæ GV>jÑ$¯ólçÙ¯Œl (G‹œGÐŒl$iD) yìlòÜ…ºÆŠ‡&2018 {ïÜP°…VŠS sñæ‹ÜtMìS çÜ…º…«¨…_ AÆý‡$áOÌñæ¯]l A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë ¯]l$…_ ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ »ZÆŠ‡z B‹œ GV>jÑ$¯ólçÙ¯Œl (G¯Œl½D) §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢Ë$ MøÆý‡$™ø…¨. ❖ AÆý‡á™èl: çÜ…çܦ °º…«§ýl¯]lË {ç³M>Æý‡….

G…í³MýS: MýS…ç³NÅrÆŠ‡ »ôæ‹Üz sñæ‹Üt (ïܽsîæ) §éÓÆ>. ❖ ç³È„ýS MóS…{§éË$: §ólÔ¶æÐéÅç³¢…V> Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šl, ÑÔ>Qç³r²…™ø MýSÍí³ 25 MóS…{§éÌZÏ °Æý‡ÓíßæÝë¢Æý‡$. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ Ñ«§é¯]l…: B¯ŒlOÌñ毌lÌZ. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ïœk: Æý‡*.5500. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢MýS$ _Ð]lÇ™ól©: ¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠ‡ 6, 2018. ❖ ç³È„ýS ™ól©: yìlòÜ…ºÆŠ‡ 14, 2018. ❖ ç³NÇ¢ ÑÐ]lÆ>ËMýS$ Ððl»ŒæOòÜsŒæ: ❖

{糆Úët™èlÃMýS íÜÑÌŒæ çÜÈÓòÜ‹Ü ç³È„ýSÌZÏ Ð]l¬QÅ çœ$rt… Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒlÞ Ð]l¬WíÜ…¨. §ólÔ¶æÐéÅç³¢…V> Ë„ýSË Ð]l$…¨ ´ùsîæç³yól {í³ÍÐŒl$Þ A¯]l…™èlÆý‡… çÜ$Ð]l*Æý‡$ 10,500 Ð]l$…¨ Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒlÞ ç³È„ýSMýS$ àfÆý‡Ä¶æ*ÅÆý‡$.

G…í³MýSÌZ A™èlÅ…™èl {糫§é¯]lOÐðl$¯]l Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒlÞ ç³È„ýSÌZ ^èl*õ³ {糆¿ôæ A¿¶æÅǦ ™èl$¨ ÑfĶæ$ AÐ]lM>Ô>˯]l$ °Æó‡ªÕçÜ$¢…¨. {糆ÝëÇ ÑÀ¯]l²OÐðl$¯]l {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ AyìlW A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë¯]l$ BÔ¶æaÆý‡Åç³Ç^ólS ĶæÊï³GïÜÞ.. DÝëÇ MýS*yé À¯]l²OÐðl$¯]l çÜÆý‡ãÌZ¯ól {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ çÜ…«¨…_¯]lr$Ï °ç³#×æ$Ë$ AÀ{´ëĶæ$ç³yýl$™èl$¯é²Æý‡$. çÜÐ]l$M>ί]l…V> {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… çÜ…™èlÇ…^èl$MýS$¯]l² Ð]l¬QÅ çÜ…çœ$r¯]lË™ø ´ër$ VýS™èl Mö…™èl M>Ë…V> ÐéÆ>¢ ç³{†MýSË ç³™éMýS ÖÇÛMýSÌZÏ °Í_¯]l A…Ô>Ë ¯]l$…_ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ AyýlVýSr… ÑÔóæçÙ…. Mö¨ªÆøkË {MìS™èl… Ð]l¬Wíܯ]l íÜÑÌŒæÞ Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒlÞ ç³È„ýSË ¡Æý‡$ ™ðl¯]l$²ËOò³ °ç³#×æ$Ë ÑÔóæÏçÙ×æ ´ùsîæ ç³È„>Æý‡$®Ë MøçÜ….. Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒlÞÌZ DÝëÇ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë çÜÆý‡ã ç³NÇ¢V> çÜÐ]l$M>ί]l A…Ô>Ë ^èl$r*t †ÇW…¨. f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü õ³ç³ÆŠ‡&1ÌZ° ^èlÇ{™èl çÜ»ñæjMýS$t ¯]l$…_ 50 Ð]l*Æý‡$PËMýS$ ™èlç³µ.. Ñ$VýS™é A…™é çÜÐ]l$M>ί]l A…Ô>Ë çÜÐ]l*àÆý‡…V> íÜÑÌŒæÞ Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒlÞ 2018 ç³È„ýSË$ fÇW¯]lr$Ï °ç³#×æ$Ë$, A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ ^ðlº$™èl$¯é²Æý‡$. GõÜÞ ¯]l$…_ G¤MŠSÞ Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ çÜÐ]l$M>ί]l A…Ô>Ë Ðól$â¶æÑ…ç³#V> {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Æ>Ð]lyýlÐól$ C…§ýl$MýS$ °§ýlÆý‡Ø¯]l… A…r$¯é²Æý‡$. M>ºsìæt °™èlÅ… °Æ>Ã×ê™èlÃMýS «§øÆý‡×ìæ™ø ¨¯]lç³{†MýSË$ ^èl§ýl$Ð]l#™èl*.. ™égê ç³Ç×êÐ]l*ËOò³ ÑÔóæÏçÙ×æ ^ólõÜ AËÐér$ E¯]l² A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ GMýS$PÐ]l Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ ´÷…§ýlyé°MìS AÐ]lM>Ô¶æ… E¯]l²r$Ï ™ðlË$Ýù¢…¨. {í³ÍÐŒl$ÞÌZ A«¨MýSÔ>™èl… {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ ÝëtsìæMŠS çÜ»ñæjMýS$t ¯]l$…_ Ð]lõÜ¢.. Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒlÞÌZ Ð]l*{™èl… C…§ýl$MýS$ À¯]l²…V> ç³NÇ¢V> çÜÐ]l$M>ί]l çœ$r¯]lË Ðól$â¶æÑ…ç³#V> E¯é²Ä¶æ$° A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ õ³ÆöP…r$¯é²Æý‡$.

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ GõÜÞ GõÜÞ õ³ç³ÆŠ‡ÌZ.. MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœÆŠ‡Þ, ÑË$Ð]lË$, ™é†ÓMýS™èl Mø×êËMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_¯]l {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ AyìlV>-Æý‡$. õ³§ýlÇMýS…, çÜÇçßæ§ýl$ª çÜÐ]l$çÜÅË$, sñæM>²Ëi, G¤MŠSÞOò³ {ç³Ð]l¬Q$Ë MösôæçÙ¯]l$Ï {ç³Ýë¢ÑçÜ*¢ AyìlW¯]l D {ç³Ô¶æ²ËMýS$ çÜÐ]l*««§é¯éË$ Æ>õÜ…§ýl$MýS$ A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦ËMýS$ çÜÐ]l$M>ί]l ç³Ç×êÐ]l*ËOò³ ÌZO™ðl¯]l AÐ]lV>çßæ¯]l™ø´ër$ ÝëÐ]l*hMýS, BǦMýS, ™é†ÓMýS A…Ô>ËOò³¯é ç³Çgêq¯]l… E…yéÍ. ©Æý‡ƒM>ÍMýS MýS–íÙ, çÜçßæfgêq¯]l ™èl–çÙ~™ø¯ól CÌê…sìæ {ç³Ô¶æ²ËMýS$ çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$ çÜ…™èl–í³¢MýSÆý‡…V> Æ>õÜ ÒË$…r$…§ýl° °ç³#×æ$Ë AÀ{´ëĶæ$…. ●

ïÜò³sŒæÌZ 26 RêäË$ AÆý‡á™èl: çÜ…º…««¨™èl çÜ»ñæjMýS$tÌZÏ ½D/½sñæMŠS, G…GïÜÞ, G…½H/ï³i C¯Œl ç³¼ÏMŠS Ayìlð[õÜtçÙ¯Œl/ï³i yìl´÷ÏÐ]l* C¯Œl Ðól$¯ólgŒæÐðl$…sŒæ, A¯]l$¿¶æÐ]l…

E…yéÍ. ❖ G…í³MýS: Æ>™èlç³È„ýS, íÜPÌŒæ/{´ëMìStMýSÌŒæ sñæ‹Üt, C…rÆý‡*ÓÅ §éÓÆ>. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ Ñ«§é¯]l…: B‹œOÌñ毌lÌZ. ❖ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢MýS$ _Ð]lÇ™ól©: ¯]lÐ]l…ºÆŠ‡ 15, 2018. ❖ ç³NÇ¢ ÑÐ]lÆ>ËMýS$ Ððl»ŒæOòÜsŒæ:

Ýë„ìS Gyýl$ÅMóSçÙ¯Œæ Ððl»Œæ-OòÜ-sŒæÌZ...

ѧýlÅ, E§øÅVýS çÜÐ]l*^éÆý‡… MøçÜ…

❖

www.cipet.gov.in

MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœÆŠæÞ B¯ŒæOÌñ毌æ sñæ‹ÜtË$ ❖ sîæG‹Üï³GïÜÞ, Hï³ï³GïÜÞ f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü {´ëMîSt‹Ü sñæ‹ÜtË$ ❖ MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœÆŠæÞ ÒyìlÄñæ* ÌñæMýSaÆŠæÞ ❖ G‹ÜG‹ÜïÜ ïÜiGÌŒæ GV>jÐŒl$ B¯ŒæOÌñ毌æ {´ëMîSt‹Ü sñæ‹ÜtË$ ❖ »êÅ…MìS…VŠæ GV>jÐŒl$Þ {´ëMîSt‹Ü sñæ‹ÜtÞ ❖ ™égê E§øÅVýS {ç³MýSr¯]lË$, {ç³ÐólÔ>Ë ÑÐ]lÆ>Ë$ ❖

WWW.SAKSHIEDUCATION.COM SAKSHI CURRENT AFFAIRS

Ķæ*‹³¯]l$ VýS*VýS$ÌŒæ õ³Ï ÝùtÆŠ‡, Ķæ*í³ÌŒæ Ķæ*‹³ ÝùtÆŠ‡ ¯]l$…_ yú¯ŒS-ÌZyŠæ ^ólçÜ$-Mø…yìl

MýS…sìæ _MìS™èlÞMýS$ Eç³MýSÇ…^ól.. çÜ*MýSÿ ç³ÇMýSÆ>Ë Æý‡*ç³MýS˵¯]l ¨Ô¶æV> ÌôæfÆŠ‡ íœhMŠSÞOò³ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]lË$ ^ólíܯ]l Ð]l¬VýS$YÆý‡$ Ô>ç܈Ðól™èl¢ËMýS$ 2018MýS$ V>¯]l$ ¿o†MýSÔ>ç܈…ÌZ ¯ø»ñæÌŒæ ºçßæ$Ð]l$† Ð]lÇ…_…¨.

D Ð]l¬VýS$YÆý‡$ íœhMŠSÞÌZ ^ólíܯ]l ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]lË$ Ð]l$°íÙ MýS…sìæ _MìS™èlÞÌZ MîSËMýS Ð]l$Ë$ç³#. D Ð]l¬VýS$YÆó‡M>§ýl$.. Ððl*{yýl¯Œl íœhMŠSÞMýS$ B§ýl$ÅOyðl¯]l I¯ŒlïÜt¯Œl ¯]l$…_ ÑÔ>Ó…™èlÆ>â¶æ…ÌZ° »êÏMŠSçßZÌŒæÞ VýS$r$t Ñí³µ¯]l ïÜtòœ¯Œl àMìS…VŠS §éM>.. G…§ýlÆø ™èlÐ]l$ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]lË §éÓÆ>S¯]lÐ]l BÑçÙPÆý‡×æËMýS$ ¯é…¨ç³ÍM>Æý‡$. gê¡Ä¶æ$…V>, A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$…V> CsîæÐ]lË M>Ë…ÌZ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]lËMýS$ {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… ò³Æý‡$VýS$™èl$¯]l² ¯ólç³£ýlÅ…ÌZ íœhMŠSÞÌZ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]lË$.. A…§ýl$»êr$ÌZ E¯]l² Ð]l*Æ>YË$..

MðSÈÆŠ‡ AÐ]lM>Ô>ËOò³ {ç³™ólÅMýS MýS£ýl¯]l….. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… A…§ýl$»êr$ÌZ E¯]l² A«¨MýSÔ>™èl… sñæM>²ËiË$... íœhMŠSÞ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]lË çœÍ™èlÐól$!

GË{MøtÐ]l*ÅVýS²sìæf…, ¯]l*ÅMìSÏĶæ$ÆŠ‡ íœhMŠSÞÌZ fÇW¯]l ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]lË M>Æý‡×æ…V>.. sîæÒË$, MýS…ç³NÅrÆý‡$Ï, A™éÅ«§ýl$°MýS VýS–çßZç³MýSÆý‡×êË$, BsZÐðl¬O»ñæÌŒæÞ, A×êÓĶ欫§éË$ ™èlĶæ*Æý‡Ä¶æ*ÅƇ¬. íœhMŠSÞ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]l˯]l$ MðSÈÆŠ‡V> G…^èl$MøÐ]lyýl… §éÓÆ> çÜÐ]l*f AÀÐ]l–¨®ÌZ ç³Æø„ýS…V> ´ëË$ç³…^èl$MýS$¯ól AÐ]lM>Ô¶æ… §ýlMýS$P™èl$…¨. AƇ¬™ól C¨ C™èlÆý‡ MðSÈÆŠ‡ Ð]l*Æ>YË™ø ´ùÍa™ól Mö…™èl MýSçÙtOÐðl$…¨. çÜ$©Æý‡ƒ {ç³Ä¶æ*×æ… ÝëW…^éÍÞ E…r$…¨.

C…rÆŠ‡™ø¯ól Ayýl$VýS$Ë$ ●

●

●

ѧéÅÆý‡$¦ËMýS$ OòßæçÜ*PÌŒæ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ¯ól íœhMŠSÞ ç³Ç^èlĶæ$Ð]l#™èl$…¨. M>±, íœhMŠSÞ¯]l$ ÌZ™èl$V> ^èl§ýlÐ]lyýl…

10+2/C…rÆŠ‡ÌZ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ {´ëÆý‡…¿¶æÐ]l$Ð]l#™èl$…¨. C…rÆŠ‡ÌZ ÌêÅ»Œæ Ð]lÆŠ‡P E…r$…¨. ÌêÅ»ŒæÌZ {ç³Äñæ*V>Ë$, ÇM>Æý‡$zË™ø çÜ»ñæjMýS$t¯]l$ AÆý‡¦…^ólçÜ$MøÐ]lyýl… Ððl¬§ýlËÐ]l#™èl$…¨. íœhMŠSÞOò³ BçÜMìS¢ E¯]l² ѧéÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ C…rÆŠ‡ÌZ G…ïï³ïÜ (Ð]l*Å£ŠlÞ, íœhMŠSÞ, MðSÑ$[ïÜt) {VýS*‹³¯]l$ G…^èl$MøÐ]l^èl$a. B ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ½GïÜÞÌZ íœhMŠSÞ¯]l$ ^èl¨Ðól ÒË$…¨. A§ólÑ«§ýl…V> ½sñæMŠS íœhMýSÌŒæ OòܯðlÞ‹Ü, I§ólâýæÏ C…sìæ{VóSsñæyŠæ G…GïÜÞ Ìôæ§é I§ólâýæÏ ½G‹Ü&G…G‹Ü ^ólÄñæ¬^èl$a.

EÐ]l$Ãyìl {ç³ÐólÔèæ ç³È„ýSÌZÏ çÜ™é¢ ^éryýl… §éÓÆ> {ç³Ð]l¬Q C¯ŒlíÜtr*ÅsŒæÞ A…¨çÜ$¢¯]l² íœhMŠSÞ MøÆý‡$ÞÌZÏ {ç³ÐólÔèæ… ´÷…§ö^èl$a.

MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœÆŠ‡Þ çÜÐ]l*àÆý‡…V> Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒæÞ ● f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ GõÜÞÌZ ÑË$Ð]lË$, ÝëÐ]l*hMýS, ™é†ÓMýS _…™èl¯]l™ø MýS*yìl¯]l {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ ● A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$ A…Ô>ËMýS$ ò³ÇW¯]l {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… ● BÌZ^èl¯]lÌZÏ çܵçÙt™èl, ç³Ç×ìæ† AÐ]lçÜÆý‡… A…r$¯]l² °ç³#×æ$Ë$ ●

Þ Þ íÜçÜÑÌŒ æ Ðð l $Ƈ¬¯Œ l . . Ð]l$M>ί]l çÜÐ]l*àÆý‡… ÑçÜ¢ÇçÜ*¢ ¡{Ð]l ç³Ç×êÐ]l*Ë$ E™èlµ¯]l²Ð]l$Äôæ$Å BÝëPÆý‡Ð]l¬…¨. D A…Ô¶æ…Oò³ MýS*yé {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]l^éaƇ¬. AÌêVóS §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ Ð]l$íßæâê E§ýlÅ Ð]l*Ë$.. ÝëÐ]l*hMýS…V> Ððl¯]l$MýSºyìl¯]l Ð]l$íßæâ¶æË çÜÐ]l$çÜÅ˯]l$ ç³ÇçÙPÇ…^èlÌôæ§ýl¯ól ÑçÙĶæ*°² ^èlÇa…^èl…yìl A° AyìlV>Æý‡$. ©…™ø´ër$ òÜMýS$ÅËÇf…, MýSÐ]lÊů]lÍf…, M>‹Üt íÜçÜtÐŒl$, ¿¶æMìS¢ E§ýlÅÐ]l$…, õ³§ýlÇMýS…, VøϺOÌñægôæçÙ¯Œl, C…yýl[íÜtĶæ$ÌŒæ M>ÇyéÆŠ‡Þ, º*Ï Æð‡ÐðlË*ÅçÙ¯Œl, ¿¶æ*VýSÆý‡ÂfÌêË$, Mö™èl¢ Æ>Ú‰ëË HÆ>µr$ §ólÔ¶æ BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦMýS$ Ð]l$…_§ól¯é? BÇPsìæMŠS {´ë…™èl…Oò³ ¿êÆý‡™ŒlMýS$ BçÜMìS¢ ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ A…Ô>ËOò³ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ G§ýl$Æý‡Ä¶æ*ÅƇ¬. Ð]lÆý‡ÌŒæz íßæçÜtÈ ¯]l$…_ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ MýS°í³…^èlÌôæ§ýl$.

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü õ³ç³ÆŠ‡&1

https://nbe.edu.in

¿êÆý‡™èl Æý‡ÝëĶæ$¯éË$, GÆý‡$ Ð]l#Ë Ð]l$…{†™èlÓ Ô>QMýS$ ^ðl…¨¯]l òÜ… {rÌŒæ C¯ŒlíÜtr*ÅsŒæ B‹œ ´ëÏíÜtMŠSÞ C… f±Ç…VŠS A…yŠl sñæM>²Ëi (ïÜò³sŒæ) §ólÔ¶æÐéÅç³¢…V> ÑÑ«§ýl MóS…{§éÌZÏ RêäV> E¯]l² 26 çÜ*ç³ÆŠ‡OÐðlfÈ ´ùçÜ$tË ¿¶æÈ¢MìS §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢Ë$ MøÆý‡$™ø…¨. ❖ Ñ¿êV>Ë ÐéÈ RêäË$: AíÜòÜt…sŒæ sñæMìS²MýSÌŒæ BïœçÜÆŠ‡&10, ïܰĶæ$ÆŠ‡ BïœçÜÆŠ‡&4, BïœçÜÆŠ‡&5, AíÜòÜt…sŒæ BïœçÜÆŠ‡&7.

GV>jÐŒl$ ÇÐ]lNÅ

●

¿êÆý‡™èl§ólÔ¶æ ^èlÇ{™èl,çÜ…çÜP–†MìS çÜ…º…«¨…_ ^éÌê {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$.. ¨¯]lç³{†MýSÌZÏ, fÆý‡²ÌŒæÞÌZ {糫§é¯]l ÐéÆý‡¢Ë$V> °Í_¯]l A…Ô>Ë ¯]l$…^ól AyìlV>Æý‡$. §éÍÃĶæ* ¿êÆý‡™Œæ.. 17Ð]l Ô¶æ™é»êª°MìS ^ðl…¨¯]l ^éÇ{™èlMýS MýSrtyýl… G{Æý‡Mør¯]l$ AÀÐ]l–¨® ^ólõÜ…§ýl$MýS$ §ýl™èl¢™èl ¡çÜ$MøÐ]lyýl… ÝëÓ™èl…{™èlÅ ¨¯ø™èlÞÐ]ll Ðólyýl$MýSË çÜ…§ýlÆý‡Â…V> ^èlÆý‡a±Ä¶æ*…Ô¶æOÐðl$…¨. ©°² §ýl–íÙtÌZ E…^èl$Mö° ¿êÆý‡¡Ä¶æ$l MýSâ¶æË$, ÐéÆý‡çÜ™éÓ°² ç³ÇÆý‡„ìS…^èlyýl… {´ë«§é¯]lÅ…V> Ð]l*Ç…¨.. ^èlÇa…^èl…yìl? A¯ól {ç³Ô¶æ² Ð]l_a…¨. AÌêVóS Ð]l$à™éÃV>…«© 150Ð]l fĶæ$…† ¯ólç³£ýlÅ…ÌZ... {ç³çÜ$¢™èl ç³Çíܦ™èl$ÌZÏ Ð]l$à™éÃV>…«© BÌZ^èl¯]lË {´ëÐ]l¬QÅ™èl¯]l$ ™ðlËç³…yìl A¯ól {ç³Ô¶æ² G§ýl$OÆð‡…¨. Ô>{çÜ¢ Ýë…MóS†MýS Æý‡…V>°MìS çÜ…º…«¨…_ CsîæÐ]lË ÐéÆý‡¢ÌZÏ E…r* Ð]l_a¯]l C…yìlĶæ$¯Œl Èh¯]lÌŒæ ¯ólÑVóSçÙ¯]lÌŒæ Ô>sìæOÌñæsŒæ íÜçÜtÐŒl$ (IBÆŠ‡G¯ŒlG‹ÜG‹Ü)Oò³ {ç³Ô¶æ² AyìlV>Æý‡$. CMýS çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl…ÌZ ´ëÏíÜtMŠS, C™èlÆý‡ Ð]lÅÆý‡¦ 糧éÆ>¦Ë Ñ°Äñæ*VýS… ¿êÈV> ò³Æý‡$VýS$™èl$…yýlr…Oò³ VýS™èlMö…™èl M>Ë…V> ^èlÆý‡a fÆý‡$VýS$™ø…¨. ´ëÏíÜtMŠS, Ð]lÅÆ>¦Ë M>Æý‡×æ…V> Ððl$OÆð‡¯Œl GMøíÜçÜtÐŒl$ÞOò³ "yðlyŠl gZ¯]l$Ï'

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü õ³ç³ÆŠ‡&2 ●

¿êÆý‡™èl Æ>gêÅ…VýS…, ´ëÍsîæSõ³ç³ÆŠ‡ÌZ.. M>VŠS, DÒG…Ë$, G°²MýSË çÜ…çÜPÆý‡×æË$, ç³…^éĶæ$¡Æ>gŒæ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ, ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…rÈ MýSÑ$sîæË$, Oòœ¯é°ÛĶæ$ÌŒæ GÐ]l$Æð‡j±Þ, ç³Æ>ÅÐ]lÆý‡×æ…, D&VýSÐ]lÆð‡²¯ŒlÞ, ÉìlÎÏ G¯ŒlïÜsîæ õÜtr‹Ü, {sñ敺$ů]lÌŒæÞ, çßæ…VýSÆŠ‡, çßæ*ÅÐ]l$¯Œl OÆð‡sŒæÞ MýSÑ$çÙ¯Œl, íÜsìæf¯Œl ^éÆý‡tÆŠ‡,

●

❝

ï³òßæ^Œlyîl, ï³òßæ^Œlyîl MøÆý‡$ÞÌZÏ {ç³ÐólÔ>Ë$ ´÷…§ýlÐ]l^èl$a. sêsê C¯ŒSíÜtr*ÅsŒæ B‹œ 眅yýlÐðl$…rÌŒæ ÈòÜÆŠ‡a& Ð]l¬…O»ñæ, C…yìlĶæ$¯Œl C¯ŒSíÜtr*ÅsŒæ B‹œ B{Ýùt íœhMŠSÞ& »ñæ…VýSâ¶æ*Æý‡$, íœhMýSÌŒæ ÈòÜÆŠ‡a Ìô滟Æó‡rÈ&Açßæçé»ê§Šæ ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ çÜ…çܦÌZÏ gñæ‹Üt §éÓÆ> {ç³ÐólÔèæ… MýS͵Ýë¢Æý‡$. yìl´ëÆŠ‡tÐðl$…sŒæ B‹œ AsêÑ$MŠS G¯]lÈj(yîlHD) B«§ýlÓÆý‡Å…ÌZ ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ C¯ŒSíÜtr*ÅsŒæ B‹œ OòܯŒSÞ Gyýl$Å MóSçÙ¯Œl A…yŠæ ÈòÜÆŠ‡a(O¯ðlçÜÆŠæ), ¿¶æ$Ð]l¯ólÔèæÓÆŠæ; ĶæÊ° Ð]lÇÞsîæ B‹œ Ð]l¬…O»ñæ&yîlHD ïÜD½G‹Ü I§ólâýæÏ C…sìæ {VóSsñæyŠæ G…GïÜÞ íœhMýSÌŒæ OòܯŒSÞ MøÆý‡$Þ A…¨çÜ$¢¯é² Ƈ$$. D çÜ…çܦÌZÏ {ç³ÐólÔ>°MìS ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ G…{sñ毌SÞ {ïÜP°…VŠS sñæ‹Üt (¯ðl‹Üt) Æ>Ķæ*Í. ● AÆý‡á™èl: 10+2.

¯]l*ÅMìSÏĶæ$ÆŠæ íœhMŠSÞ ● õܵ‹Ü íœhMŠSÞ/õܵ‹Ü C…f±Ç…VŠæ A…yŠæ Æ>MðSrÈ. ● B[Ýùt íœhMŠSÞ● ºÄñæ* A…yŠæ Ððl$yìlMýSÌŒæ íœhMŠSÞ ● hÄñæ* íœhMŠSÞ ● M>Ó…r… íœhMŠæÞ

ïÜG‹ÜIBÆŠ‡&gôæBÆŠ‡G‹œ

糨ËOÐðl$¯]l MðSÈÆŠ‡MýS$

íœhMŠSÞ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]lË$! gôæDD AyéÓ¯ŒSÞyŠæ

gôæDD AyéÓ¯ŒSÞyŠæ §éÓÆ> IIsîæÌZÏ I§ólâýæÏ C…sìæ{VóSsñæyŠæ G…GïÜÞ íœhMŠSÞ MøÆý‡$ÞÌZÏ ^ólÆö^èl$a. gôæDD AyéÓ¯ŒlÞyŠlÌZ {糆¿¶æ ^èl*ç³yýl… §éÓÆ> C…yìlĶæ$¯Œl C¯ŒSíÜtr*ÅsŒæ B‹œ OòܯŒSÞ(IIGïÜÞ), »ñæ…VýSâ¶æ*Æý‡$ A…¨çÜ$¢¯]l² ¯éË$VóSâ¶æÏ »êÅ_ËÆŠ‡ B‹œ OòܯŒlÞ(íœhMŠSÞ); C…yìlĶæ$¯Œl C¯ŒSíÜtr*ÅsŒæ B‹œ õܵ‹Ü OòܯŒSÞ A…yŠæ sñæM>²ÌSi, †Æý‡$Ð]l¯]l…™èlç³#Æý‡…

BçœÆŠ‡^ólçÜ$¢¯]l² ½sñæMŠS C…f±Ç…VŠæ íœhMŠSÞ; IIsîæ M>¯]l*µÆŠæ A…¨çÜ$¢¯]l² »êÅ_ËÆŠ‡ B‹œ OòܯŒlÞ(íœhMŠSÞ); IIsîæ Ð]l${§é‹Ü {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ… MýS͵çÜ$¢¯]l² ½G‹Ü&G…G‹Ü I§ólâýæÏ yýl*ÅĶæ$ÌŒæ yìl{X; IIsîæ QÆý‡VŠæç³NÆŠ‡ A…¨çÜ$¢¯]l² I§ólâýæÏ C…sìæ{VóSsñæyŠæ G…GïÜÞ íœhMŠSÞ MøÆý‡$ÞÌZÏ {ç³ÐólÔ>˯]l$ QÆ>Æý‡$ ^ólçÜ$MøÐ]l^èl$a.

gêÐŒl$ gêÐŒl$ §éÓÆ> IIGïÜÞ, IIsîæÌZÏ G…GïÜÞ íœhMŠSÞ™ø´ër$ C…sìæ{VóSsñæyŠæ ï³òßæ^Œlyîl MøÆý‡$ÞÌZÏ {ç³ÐólÔ>Ë$ ´÷…§ö^èl$a. gêƇ¬…sŒæ AyìlÃçÙ¯Œl sñæ‹Üt-

(gêÐŒl$) §éÓÆ> IIsîæ ÉìlÎÏ, V>…«©¯]lVýSÆŠæ, VýS$Ð]lçßæsìæ, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šæ, C…yøÆŠæ, M>¯]l*µÆŠæ, QÆý‡VŠæç³NÆŠæ, Ð]l${§é‹Ü ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ IIsîæÌZÏ Æð‡…yólâýæÏ G…GïÜÞ, gêƇ¬…sŒæ G…GïÜÞ&ï³òßæ^Œlyîl, G…GïÜÞ&ï³òßæ^Œlyîl, yýl*ÅĶæ$ÌŒæ yìl{X, C™èlÆý‡ ´ù‹Üt&»êÅ_ËÆŠ‡ MøÆý‡$ÞÌZ {ç³ÐólÔ>Ë$ ´÷…§ö^èl$a.

gñæ‹Üt gêƇ¬…sŒæ G…{r¯ŒlÞ {ïÜP°…VŠS sñæ‹Üt(gñæ‹Üt) §éÓÆ> {ç³Ð]l¬Q ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯é çÜ…çܦÌZÏ íœhMŠSÞÌZ C…sìæ{VóSsñæyŠæ

ç Ü ç ß æ¯] l …

E…yéÍ ❝ÈòÜÆŠ‡a¯]l$ MðSÈÆŠ‡V> G…^èl$MýS$¯ólÐéÆý‡$ Kí³V>Y

Ð]l¬…§ýl$MýS$ ÝëV>Í. ïÜG‹ÜIBÆŠ‡&gôæBÆŠ‡G‹œ §éÓ Æ> òœÌZíÙ‹³ ´÷…¨¯]l ÐéÆý‡$ MðSÈÆŠ‡ÌZ íܦÆý‡ç³yól… §ýl$MýS$ C™èlÆý‡$Ë™ø ´ùÍa™ól Mö¨®V> BËçÜÅÐ]l$Ð]l# ™èl$…¨. M>±, Mö…^ðl Kí³MýS™ø Ð]l¬…§ýl$MðSâôæ¢ EfÓË ¿¶æÑçÙÅ™Œl ËÀ…^èlyýl… RêĶæ$…. gôæBÆŠ‡G‹œ çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$…ÌZ Æð‡…yólâ¶æÏ ´ër$ ¯ðlÌSMýS$ Æý‡*.25 ÐólÌS

●

GMýS¯éÑ$MŠSÞ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ çÜ$Ë$Ð]l#V> E¯é²Ä¶æ$¯ól AÀ{´ëĶæ$… Ð]lÅMýS¢Ð]l$Ð]l#™ø…¨. ç³…rËMýS$ MýS±çÜ

Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒlÞ ç³È„ýSË çœÍ™éË$ yìlòÜ…ºÆŠ‡ _Ð]lÆøÏ ÐðlË$Ð]lyól AÐ]lM>Ô¶æ Ð]l¬…¨. M>ºsìæt ™èl$¨ G…í³MýSÌZ G…™ø MîSËMýSOÐðl$¯]l C…rÆý‡*ÓÅMýS$ Cç³µsìæ ¯]l$…^ól çܯ]l²§ýl®Ð]l$ÐéÓÍ. A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ ºÄñæ*yólsê çÜÐ]l*^éÆý‡…Oò³ ç³NÇ¢Ýë¦Æ‡¬ MýSçÜÆý‡™èl$¢ ^ólĶæ*Í. Ð]l$ÆøOÐðlç³# §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ G¯ø² Ð]l¬QÅOÐðl$¯]l çœ$r¯]lË$

¯ðl‹Üt

●

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü õ³ç³ÆŠ‡&4 VýSÐ]lÆð‡²¯ŒlÞMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ ç³¼ÏMŠS C…rÆð‡‹Üt, M>¯ŒlíœÏMŠSt B‹œ C…{sñæ‹Üt, Ððl*Æý‡ÌŒæ OyðlËÐ]l*‹Ü Ð]l…sìæ Ðésìæ° Æ>Ķæ$yé°MìS BÌZ^èl¯]lÌZÏ çܵçÙt™èl, ç³Ç×ìæ† G…™ø AÐ]lçÜÆý‡…. D õ³ç³ÆŠ‡ÌZ C…M> MøyŠl B‹œ MýS…yýlMŠSt, MøyŠl B‹œ G¤MŠSÞ, OÆð‡sŒæ r$ C¯]l¹Æó‡ÃçÙ¯Œl Ķæ*MŠSt, B{VýSçßæ…&AçÜçßæ¯]l…Oò³ V>…«© MösôæçÙ¯Œl, çÜ™èlÅ…&AçÜ™èlÅ…Oò³ †Æý‡$MýSPÆý‡ÌŒæ MösôæçÙ¯Œl, AÌêVóS A{ºçßæ… Í…MýS¯Œl, ÐéÆý‡¯Œl ºòœsŒæ MösôæçÙ¯]lϯ]l$ {ç³Ýë¢ÑçÜ*¢ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ AyýlVýSr… fÇW…¨.

C…rÆý‡*ÓÅMýS$ Cç³µsìæ ¯]l$…^ól..

Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒlÞ A¯]l…™èlÆý‡… fÇVóS ç³Æý‡Þ¯éÍsîæ sñæçÜ$tMýS$ Cç³µsìæ¯]l$…^ól çܯ]l²§ýl®Ð]l$ÐéÓÍ. Ð]l¬QÅ…V> §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$…ÌZ yîlHG‹œÌZ õ³ÆöP¯]l² ºÄñæ*yólsê çÜÐ]l*^éÆý‡…Oò³ Gr$Ð]l…sìæ {ç³Ô¶æ² AyìlW¯é.. çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l… C^ólaÌê íܧýl®Ð]l$ÐéÓÍ. {ç³Ô¶æ²ËMýS$ çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$ íܧýl®… ^ólçÜ$Mö° {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ*Í. çÜ»Œæ MýSÓÔ¶æa¯ŒlÞ E…sêĶæ$¯ól ÑçÙĶæ*°² VýS$Ç¢…^éÍ.

íœhMŠæÞ òܵçÙOÌñægôæçÙ¯]l$Ï

Ð]l$§ýlª™èl$ «§ýlÆý‡ (G…G‹Üï³), C¨ OÆð‡™èl$˯]l$ ™èlMýS$PÐ]l B§éĶæ$ Ð]lËĶæ$… ¯]l$…_ GÌê Æý‡„ìSçÜ$¢…¨; AÌê¯ól, 2018&2019 MóS…{§ýl ºyðljsŒæÌZ Ìê…VŠS rÆŠ‡Ã M>Åí³rÌŒæ VðSƇ¬¯ŒlÞ sêÅMŠSÞ(GÌŒæïÜisîæ), yìlÑyðl…yŠl yìl{íÜtº*ÅçÙ¯Œl sêÅMŠSÞ(yîlyîlsîæ)ËMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ ^ólíܯ]l Ð]l¬QÅOÐðl$¯]l Ð]l*Æý‡$µËOò³ ÐéÅRêÅ°…^èl…yìl. òÜ…yéÄŒæ$ {õœÐŒl$Ð]lÆŠ‡P çœÆŠ‡ yìlgêçÜtÆŠ‡ Ç‹ÜP ÇyýlMýSÛ¯Œl(yîlBÆŠ‡BÆŠ‡)&(2015& 2030), ¯]l*ÅMìSÏĶæ$ÆŠ‡ G¯]lÈj {´ù{V>ÐŒl$, ºÄñæ* sñæM>²Ëi, ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ àÇtMýSËaÆŠ‡ Ñ$çÙ¯Œl(G¯Œlòßæ^Œl G…), {´÷sñæMýSÛ°f… A…yŠl MýSÆð‡±Þ Ð]l*Å°ç³#ÅÌôæçÙ ¯Œl, ±† BÄñæ*VŠS, ´ëÏ°…VŠS MýSÑ$çÙ¯Œl Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ´ùÍMýSË$, Ìñæ‹œt Ñ…VŠS GMŠSÞ{sîæÑ$f…, O^ðl¯é&´ëMìSÝ뢯Œl GMýS¯éÑ$MŠS M>ÇyéÆŠ‡(ïÜï³DïÜ), ¿êÆý‡™Œl A¿¶æÅ…™èlÆ>Ë$, ¯]l*ÅMìSÏĶæ$ÆŠ‡ G¯]lÈj M>Æý‡Å{MýSÐ]l$…, yólsêòÜMýS*ÅÇsîæ, C…rÆý‡²ÌŒæ òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæ, {M>í³…VŠS ´ëÅ{r¯Œl, BÆ>Y°MŠS Æ>çÙ‰…V> íÜMìSP…&{ç³Äñæ*f¯éË$, Æ>ÐŒl$òÜÆŠ‡ M>¯ðlÞ‹³t&OòÜsŒæÞ, çÜ*ç³ÆŠ‡ Ð]l*Æð‡PrÏ ´ë{™èl ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ A…Ô>ËOò³ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]l^éaƇ¬.

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü õ³ç³ÆŠ‡&3

ç³Æý‡Þ¯éÍsîæ sñæ‹Üt

MðSÈÆŠ‡ OVðSyðl¯ŒlÞ

●

yýlº*ÏÅsîæÐø&{sôæyŠl ÐéÆŠ‡, ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ A…Ô>ËOò³ ÌZO™ðl¯]l AÐ]lV>çßæ¯]l MýSÍW, çÜÐ]l$M>ί]l çÜÐ]l*^éÆý‡… gZyìl…_ Æ>íܯ]l ÐéÇMìS Ð]l$…_ Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ Ð]l^óla AÐ]lM>Ô¶æÐ]l¬…¨. E§éçßæÆý‡×æMýS$ D Hyé¨ þOÌñæÌZ çÜ${ï³…MøÆý‡$t C_a¯]l ¡Æý‡$µ™ø ÉìlÎÏÌZ Ìñæíœt¯ðl…sŒæ VýSÐ]lÆý‡²ÆŠ‡, G°²OMðS¯]l {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ™èlÌñ憢¯]l Æ>fMîSĶæ$ çÜ…çœ$Æý‡Û×æ ç³ÇÚëPÆý‡Ð]l$Ð]l#™èl$…§é.. ÑÐ]lÇ…^èl…yìl. AÌêVóS CsîæÐ]lË §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ DÒG…Ë ç³°¡Æý‡$Oò³ ¯ðlËMö¯]l² ÑÐé§ýl… §ýl–ÚëtÅ.. §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ G°²MýSË {ç³{MìSĶæ$ ÑÔ¶æÓçܱĶæ$™èl¯]l$ M>´ëyýlr…ÌZ GËMýSÛ¯Œl MýSÑ$çÙ¯ŒlMýS$ G§ýl$Æý‡Äôæ$Å çÜÐéâ¶æ$Ï H…sìæ? ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ çÜÐ]l$M>ί]l A…Ô>ËOò³ A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦ËMýS$¯]l² AÐ]lV>çßæ¯]l¯]l$ ç³È„ìS…^ólÌê {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ AyìlV>Æý‡$.

D õ³ç³ÆŠ‡ÌZ A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$ A…Ô>ËMýS$ {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… GMýS$PÐ]lV> MýS°í³…_…¨. A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$ A…Ô>˯]l$ çÜÐ]l$M>ί]l ç³Ç×êÐ]l*ËMýS$ gZyìlçÜ*¢ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ AyìlV>Æý‡$. ¿êÆý‡™Œl™ø ÑÑ«§ýl §ólÔ>Ë çÜ…º…«§éË$, A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$…V> MîSËMýS §ólÔ>Ë Ð]l$«§ýlÅ Jç³µ…§éË$, O§ðlÓ´ë„ìSMýS çÜ…º…«§éËOò³ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]l^éaƇ¬. ¿êÆý‡™Œl&C{gêƇ¬ÌŒæ çÜ…º…«§éË$, òÜ…{rÌŒæ BíÜĶæ*, ¿êÆý‡™Œl&AÐðl$ÇM> {ç³gêÝëÓÐ]l$Å Æ>fMîSĶæ$ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦË$, AÐðl$ÇM>&CÆ>¯Œl Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ¯]l*ÅMìSÏĶæ$ÆŠ‡ Jç³µ…§ýl ÑÐé§ýl… Ð]lËÏ ¿êÆý‡™ŒlOò³ GÌê…sìæ {糿êÐ]l… E…r$…¨..

CÌê…sìæ ç³Çíܦ™èl$ÌZÏ ¿êÆý‡™Œl GÌê çܵ…¨…^éÍ Ð]l…sìæ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ MýS°í³…^éƇ¬.

Mú°ÞÌŒæ B‹œ OòÜ…sìæíœMŠS A…yŠl C…yýl{íÜtĶæ$ÌŒæ ÈòÜÆŠ‡a(ïÜG‹ÜIBÆŠ‡) òœÌZíÙ‹³Ë$.. ĶæÊ°Ð]lÇÞsîæ yìl´ëÆŠ‡tÐðl$…r$Ï, gê¡Ä¶æ$Ýë¦Æ‡¬ ѧéÅçÜ…çܦË$, gê¡Ä¶æ$ Ìô滟Æó‡rÈÌZÏ° A¯]l$¿¶æÐ]lkqOÌñæ¯]l ¸ëÅMýSÎt, OòÜ…sìæ‹ÜtË ç³Æý‡ÅÐól„ýS×æÌZ Ķæ¬Ð]l™èl¯]l$ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]lË OÐðlç³# BMýSÇÛ…^ól…§ýl$MýS$ E§ólªÕ…_¯]lÑ. Hsê Æð‡…yýl$ÝëÆý‡$Ï °Æý‡Óíßæ…^ól ïÜG‹ÜIBÆŠ‡&ĶæÊiïÜ ¯ðlsŒæÌZ {糆¿¶æ ^èl*ç³yýl… §éÓÆ> òœÌZíÙ‹³Ë¯]l$ A…§ýl$MøÐ]l^èl$a. ● gôæBÆŠ‡G‹œMýS$ G…í³OMðS¯]l A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦ËMýS$ Æð‡…yólâ¶æÏ ´ër$ ¯ðlËMýS$ Æý‡*.25,000 òÜ•tò³…yŠl ËÀçÜ$¢…¨. ©…™ø´ër$ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>°MìS Æý‡*.20,000 M>…sìæ…gñæ…sŒæ {V>…sŒæ A…¨Ýë¢Æý‡$.

VóSsŒæ {V>yýl$ÅÄôæ$sŒæ Bí³tr*ÅyŠl sñæ‹Üt C¯Œl C…f±Ç…VŠS (VóSsŒæ) ÝùPÆý‡$™ø §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ° {糆Úët™èlÃMýS ѧéÅ çÜ…çܦ.. C…yìlĶæ$¯Œl C¯ŒSíÜtr*ÅsŒæ B‹œ OòܯŒSÞ (IIGïÜÞ), »ñæ…VýSâ¶æ*Æý‡$ÌZ MýS*yé ^ólÆó‡ AÐ]lM>Ôèæ… ÌSÀçÜ$¢…¨. IIGïÜÞ ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ѧéÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ IIsîæË$, G¯ŒSIsîæÌSMýS$ {´ë«§é¯]lÅÑ$çÜ$¢¯é²Æý‡$. ^öç³#µ¯]l A…¨Ýë¢Æý‡$. gôæBÆŠ‡G‹œ ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ™èlW¯]l AÆý‡á™èlË™ø G‹ÜBÆŠ‡G‹œ MýS*yé A…§ýl$MøÐ]l^èl$a. íœhMŠSÞ ÈòÜÆŠ‡a ç³Æý‡…V> AÐ]lM>Ô>ËMýS$ Mö§ýlÐ]lÌôæ§ýl$. sñæÍMýSÐŒl$Þ, GË[M>t°MŠSÞ, yìlòœ¯ŒSÞ CÌê A¯ólMýS Æý‡…V>ÌZÏ íœhMŠSÞ Aí³ÏMóSçÙ¯ŒSÞ AÐ]lçÜÆý‡…. M>ºsìæt çÜ»ñæjMýS$tOò³ ç³r$t ò³…^èl$MýS$…r* Ð]l¬…§ýl$MýS$ÝëW™ól íܦÆý‡OÐðl$¯]l MðSÈÆŠ‡¯]l$ ÝëM>Æý‡… ^ólçÜ$MøÐ]l^èl$a. &I.çÜ™èlůéÆ>Ķæ$×æ, ÈòÜÆŠ‡a ÝëPËÆŠ‡, òßæ^ŒlïÜĶæÊ.

fÆý‡$VýS$™èl$¯é²Æ‡¬. ÝëÆý‡Ó{†MýS G°²MýSË$, AòÜ…½Ï G°²MýSË™ø ´ër$ ºyðljsŒæ, GMýS¯éÑ$MŠS çÜÆó‡Ó, ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…rÈ ^èlsêtË$, BÇz¯ðl¯]l$ÞË$ Ð]l…sìæ ÐésìæOò³¯é §ýl–íÙtò³sêtÍ. MýSÆð‡±Þ ÐéÆŠ‡, Ð]l$Ît ÌôærÇf…, {r…‹³ Ñ«§é¯éË$ Ð]l…sìæ A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$ A…Ô>ËOò³ §ýl–íÙtÝëÇ…^éÍ. M>¯ðlÞç³#tËOò³ çܵçÙt™èl AÐ]lçÜÆý‡…. BÌZ^èl¯]lË$, AÀ{´ëĶæ*Ë$ »êÅÌñ毌lÞyŠlV> E…yólÌê ^èl*çÜ$MøÐéÍ. & }Æý‡…VýS… }Æ>ÐŒl$, }Æ>ÐŒl$Þ IHG‹Ü.

{´ù™éÞçßæM>Ë$.. CÑVø!

MóSÒï³OÐðl {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ¯ól ѧéÅÆý‡$¦Ë¯]l$ OòܯŒlÞ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]lË ¨Ô¶æV> {´ù™èlÞíßæ…^ólÌê MóS…{§ýl Ô>ç܈, Ýë…MóS†MýS Ð]l$…{†™èlÓÔ>Q MìSÔZÆŠ‡ OÐðlgêq°MŠS {´ù™éÞçß毌l Äñæ*f¯]l (MóSÒï³OÐðl) M>Æý‡Å{MýSÐ]l*°² {´ëÆý‡…À…_…¨. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… Ð]lÊyýl$ {ïÜtÐ]l¬ÌZÏ MóSÒï³OÐðl Bí³tr*ÅyŠl ç³È„ýS °Æý‡ÓíßæçÜ$¢¯é²Æý‡$. gê¡Ä¶æ$ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ fÇVóS D ç³È„ýSÌZ {糆¿¶æ ^èl*í³¯]l ÐéÇMìS C…rÆý‡*ÓÅ °Æý‡Óíßæ…_.. òœÌZíÙ‹³Ë¯]l$ QÆ>Æý‡$ ^ólÝë¢Æý‡$. AÑ.. G‹ÜH {ïÜtÐŒl$: C…rÆŠ‡ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡… ѧéÅÆý‡$¦Ë$; G‹ÜGMŠSÞ {ïÜtÐŒl$: C…rÆŠ‡ ¨Ó¡Ä¶æ$ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡… ѧéÅÆý‡$¦Ë$; G‹Ü½ {ïÜtÐŒl$: ½GïÜÞ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡… ѧéÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ AÆý‡$áË$. {ç³Äñæ*f¯éË$: MóSÒï³OÐðl G…í³MýS {ç³{MìSĶæ$ÌZ ÑfĶæ$… Ý뫨…_¯]l ѧéÅÆý‡$¦ËMýS$ OòܯŒlÞ MøÆý‡$ÞË$ A¿¶æÅíÜ…^ól…§ýl$MýS$ I§ólâ¶æÏ´ër$ òœÌZíÙ‹³ çܧýl$´ëĶæ$… A…§ýl$»êr$ÌZ E…r$…¨. ©…™ø´ër$ Hyé¨MøÝëÇ M>…sìæ…gñæ±Þ {V>…sŒæ MýS*yé ËÀçÜ$¢…¨. ● G‹ÜH, G‹ÜGMŠSÞ, G‹Ü½ {ïÜtÐŒl$ÞÌZ.. ½GïÜÞ, »êÅ_ËÆŠ‡ B‹œ ÝëtsìæíÜtMŠSÞ, »êÅ_ËÆŠ‡ B‹œ Ð]l*Å£ýlÐðl$sìæMŠSÞ, C…sìæ{VóSsñæyŠl GÐðl$ÃïÜÞ, G…G‹Ü MøÆý‡$ÞÌZÏ {ç³ÐólÕ…_¯]l ѧéÅÆý‡$¦ËMýS$ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ð]lÊyólâ¶æ$Ï ¯ðlËMýS$ Æý‡*.5 ÐólË$ ^ö糚¯]l òœÌZíÙ‹³ A…§ýl$™èl$…¨. ©…™ø´ër$ Hsê Æý‡*.20 ÐólË M>…sìæ…gñæ±Þ {V>…sŒæ ËÀçÜ$¢…¨. ● Ð]lÊyýl$ {ïÜtÐŒl$ÞÌZ° _Ð]lÇ Æð‡…yólâ¶æ$ Ï(ï³i, C…sìæ{VóSsñæyŠl ï³i Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ) ¯ðlËMýS$ Æý‡*.7ÐólË òœÌZíÙ‹³™ø´ër$ Æý‡*.28ÐólË ÐéÇÛMýS M>…sìæ…gñæ±Þ {V>…sŒæ A…§ýl$™èl$…¨.

C¯ŒlòÜ•µÆŠ‡ ѧéÅÆý‡$¦ÌZÏ _¯]l²ç³µsìæ ¯]l$…^ól OòܯŒlÞOò³ BçÜMìS¢ ò³…^ól…§ýl$MýS$ MóS…{§ýl OòܯŒlÞ A…yŠl sñæM>²Ëi Ñ¿êVýS….. C¯ø²ÐólçÙ¯Œl C¯Œl OòܯŒSÞ ç³ÆŠ‡çÜ*ÅsŒæ çœÆŠæ C¯ŒSOòܵƊ‡z ÈòÜÆŠ‡a (C¯ŒSOòܵƊæ)¯]l$ {´ëÆý‡…À…_…¨. D {´ù{V>ÐŒl$ §éÓÆ> {糆¿êÐ]l…™èl$˯]l$ VýS$Ç¢…_.. ´ëuý‡Ô>ÌS

¯]l$…_ ï³òßæ^Œlyîl Ýë¦Æ‡¬ Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ {´ù™èlÞíßæÝù¢…¨.

C¯ŒlòÜ•µÆŠ‡ {´ù{V>ÐŒl$¯]l$ BÆø™èlÆý‡VýS† ¯]l$…_ ´ù‹Üt yéMøtÆý‡ÌŒæ yìl{X Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ Ð]lÊyýl$ Ñ¿êV>Ë$V> Ñ¿¶æh…^éÆý‡$. AÑ.. 1. ïÜPÐŒl$ çœÆŠ‡ GÈÏ A{sêMýSÛ¯Œl B‹œ sêÅÌñæ…sŒæÞ çœÆŠ‡ OòܯŒlÞ (G‹ÜDHsîæG‹Ü); 2. ÝëPËÆŠ‡íÙ‹³ çœÆŠ‡ çßæĶæ$ÅÆŠ‡ Gyýl$ÅMóSçÙ¯Œl (G‹Üòßæ^ŒlD); 3. AçÜ*ÅÆŠ‡z Bç³Æý‡$aÅ°sîæ çœÆŠ‡ ÈòÜÆŠ‡a MðSÈÆŠ‡Þ (HÐøBÆŠ‡ïÜ). Òsìæ° I§ýl$ çÜ»Œæ ïÜPÐŒl$Ë$V> Ð]lÈYMýSÇ…^éÆý‡$. AÑ.. 1. C¯ŒSOòܵƊæ AÐéÆŠ‡z Ð]l$¯]lMŠS; 2. C¯ŒSOòܵƊæ C…rÆŠ‡²íÙ‹³; 3.

C¯ŒSOòܵƊæ ÝëPÌSÆŠ‡íÙ‹³; 4. C¯ŒSOòܵƊæ òœÌZíÙ‹³; 5.

C¯ŒSOòÜµÆŠæ ¸ëÅMýSÎt AÐéÆŠ‡zÞ.

C¯ŒSOòܵƊæ AÐéÆý‡$z Ð]l$¯]lMŠS: D ïÜPÐŒl$ çÜ*PÌŒæ Ýë¦Æ‡$$ÌZ° {糆¿êÐ]l…™èl$ÌS¯]l$ OòܯŒSÞ OÐðlç³# Ð]l$ãÏ…^ól…§ýl$MýS$ E§ólªÕ…_¯]l¨. BÆý‡$ ¯]l$…_ 糧ø™èlÆý‡VýS† Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ ^èl§ýl$Ð]l#™èl$¯]l²l ѧéÅÆý‡$¦ÌSMýS$ D {´ù{V>ÐŒl$¯]l$ Ð]lÇ¢…ç³gôæçÜ$¢¯é²Æý‡$. ©°MìS…§ýl 10&15 HâýæÏ Ð]lĶæ$çÜ$ E¯]l²ÐéÇMìS "C¯ŒSOòܵƊæ AÐéÆý‡$z&Ð]l$¯]lMŠS' A…§ýlgôæÝë¢Æý‡$. {糿¶æ$™èlÓ, GƇ$$yðlyŠæ, {Oò³ÐólsŒæ, òÜÒ$ {Oò³Ðólr$, A¯Œl GƇ$$yðlyŠæ ´ëuý‡Ô>ÌSÌZÏ ^èl¨Ðól ѧéÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ ©°MìS AÆý‡$áË$. ● §ólÔèæÐéÅç³¢…V> 10 ÌS„ýSÌS Ð]l$…¨ ѧéÅÆý‡$¦ÌS ¯]l$…_ Ð]l_a¯]l {糆´ë§ýl¯]lÌZÏ ÌS„ýS Ð]l$…¨° G…í³MýS ^ólÝë¢Æý‡$. G…í³OMð ¯]l ÐéÇMìS.. ™èlÐ]l$ BÌZ^èl¯]lÌSMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_¯]l {´ëgñæMýS$t/Ððl*yýlÌŒæ¯]l$ ™èlĶæ*Æý‡$ ^ólõÜ…§ýl$MýS$ Æý‡*.10,000 A…¨Ýë¢Æý‡$. hÌêÏ Ýë¦Æ‡$$ÌZ G…í³MýSÄôæ$ŠѧéÅÆý‡$¦Ë$.. õÜtsŒæ ÌñæÐ]lÌŒæ GWj¼çÙ¯ŒSÌZ ´ëÌŸY¯]lyé°MìS AÆý‡á™èl ÌSÀçÜ$¢…¨.

CMýSPyýl MýS*yé Ñgôæ™èlË$V> °Í_¯]l ÐéÇ° gê¡Ä¶æ$ Ýë¦Æ‡$$ÌZ °Æý‡Óíßæ…^ól GWj¼çÙ¯]lÏMýS$ ç³…í³Ýë¢Æý‡$. ÒÇMìS §ólÔèæ…ÌZ° {ç³Ð]l¬Q OòܯŒlÞ A…yŠæ sñæMýS²ÌêhMýSÌŒæ çÜ…çܦÌS çÜçßæM>Æý‡…™ø ¯]lÐ]lʯé AÀÐ]l–¨®MìS çÜ*^èl¯]lË$, çÜÌSàË$ A…¨Ýë¢Æý‡$. ● C¯ŒSOòܵƊæ C…rÆŠ‡²íÙ‹³; C¯ŒSOòܵƊæ ÝëPÌSÆŠ‡íÙ‹³; C¯ŒSOòܵƊæ òœÌZíÙ‹³; C¯ŒSOòÜµÆŠæ ¸ëÅMýSÎt AÐéÆŠ‡zÞMýS$ AÆý‡á™èlË$, G…í³MýS Ñ«§é¯]l…, {ç³Äñæ*f¯éË$ ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ ÑÐ]lÆ>˯]l$ www.inspireawards-dst.gov.in

§éÓÆ> ™ðlË$çÜ$MøÐ]l^èl$a.

�����������������������

�����

����������������������

�

�� ������� ������� ������� ��� ����������� �� � �� ���������� ���� ������������������� ���������������� ������������������������ ���������������� ������������������� ������ ����� �� ������ ����� ��� �������� ���� ������������������� �� � ��������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������ ���������� ��� ���������� ������������ ���������������������� �������������������������������������������������

��������� ����������

��������������������������������������������� � � ��������������������� ���� ��������������������� � � ������������������������� �������������� � � ������������������ ���������� �������������������� � �

���������������������

������������������� ��������� ��������������� ����������� ���������� ��������� ������

��������� ������ ���� �������� ������ ������ ���

�������������

��������������������������������� � � ���������������������������� � � ����������������������������������� � �

�����������������

������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������ ��� ����������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������� ��������������� ������������������������������ ���������������� ���

�

�������������������������

��

�� ���� ����� ��� ���� �������� ���� ���� ����� ����� ���� ������ ������������ �������������� ���� ������ ��� ��������� ���� ������ �������������� ����� ������ ����� ��������� ���� ��� ���� ��� ���� ������������� ����� ������ ����� ���� ��� ��� ������� ��������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������� ��������� ����������������������������������� ��� ��� ���� ���� ��������� ���� ���� ������ ������ ������������������������������ ������������� ���� ������������������������������������������� ����� ������ ������ ���� ����� ��� ����� �������� ������������ �� ��� ����� ���� ������ ���� ���� ����������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������� �����������������������

���������������������������

�� ����� �� ������������� ����� �� ����� ������ ������ ��� ����� ��������� ��������� ������������ ���� ����������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������ ���������������������������������������������� ������ ��������� �������������� ���� ��������� ������ ������ ���� ��� ���� ����������� ���������� ������ ��� ������ �������� �������� ����� ����� ����� ������ ����������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������ ��������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������� ������������������������������� ���������������� ��� ������ ����� ��� ���������� ������� ���� ��� �� ���������� �������������������� ������ ����� ���� ���� ��������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������� ������ ���� ����� ��� ������ ������������ ��� �������� �������� ���� ��� ������ ����� ���� ����������� ���������� ���������

��������������������������������������������� ����� ����� ���� ���� ��������� �������� ������ ��� ������������������������� ��� ������� ���������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������ ������� ������ ��������� ������� ������ ����� ��� ��������������� ���

�����������������

��������������������� � � ��������������������������������������������� ����������� ����������� ������ � � ��������������������� � � ������������������������������������������������� ������������������� �������� � � ����� ������� ������ ������� ����� ������������ ��� �� � ���������������������������������������� ������������������������������������� ������ � ������������������������������������������������� ��� ������� � ������������������������������� ��� ������������������������������������� ������� � � ������������������������������������������ �� � �������������������������������������� � ����������������������������������������� � � ����������������������������������������� ���� ��� ��������������������������� � � ��������������������������������� �� � ������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������ � ��������������������������������������������� �� � ��� ������� ���� ����� ����� ���� ���� ������ ���� ������������������������� ��������������������������������������� ������ �� � ���� ��������������������������������������� ���������������� � � ����������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������� ������������������� ������������������������������������������ � �������������������������������������������������� ����� ������������� � �������������������������������� � � �� ������ ������������� ��������� ���������� ���� � ���������������� ���� � � ������������������������������������������ ���������������� ����������������� � ����������������������������������������������� ��� ����������������������������������������� ��� ���� ����� ������� �������� ���������������� � �������������� ������������������������ ��� ������������� ����������������������������������� � �

���������������������� ����������������������������������������������� ��������������������������� ������� ��� ������ ���������� ������� ��� �������������� ����������������������������������� ������������� ������� ����

�����������������������

�������������� ��������������� ������ ���� � ����� ������� ��� �������� ���������������������������������� ��� ���� �������� ����������� ���� ������� �������������������� ������������ ���������������������� ��������������� ������������ ������� ����� �������� ���� ���������������������������� ������� ��� ������������� ������ ������ ������ ������������������������������� ������� ������ ��� ����� ��� ������ ��� ������� ��� ������ ������� ��������� �� ���� ������� ���� ���� ���� ������� �� ���� �������������� ������������ �� ����� ��� ��������� ���������� ����� ����� ��� �������� ���� ���� �������� ����� ���� ��� ��� ���� ��� ������ ������ ���������� ��� ����������������������������� ���� ���� ������ ���� �������� ������������ ������� ������������ ���� ����� ���������� ��� ��� ��������������������� ����� ���� ���� ��� ������ ���� ���� �������� ������� ��� �������� ���� ����

������ ��������� ���� ��� ��������� ���������������������������������������� ������� ������� ���� ������������������������������ ���������� ���� ���� ��� ������������������������������������������� ������������� ������� ����������� ���������������������������������������������� ����������� �������� ����������� ��������������������������������� ����������� ������� ���� ������������� ������������ ������� ����������� ���������� ������� ��������� ���������������������������������������������� ������������ �������� ������������������ ��������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������� �� � ����� �������� ����� ��� ���� ������� ������ ���������������������������������������������������� ����������������� ������������������������������������������������� ��� ������� �������������������������� ������� ���������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������� ������������������ �� ����������� ���� ��� ���������� ��������� ��� ����� ������������������������������������������� ����������� ���������������������������������� ����������������������������� ��� ������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������������� ������ ������ ��� ������� ���� ������� ������ �� � ����������� �������������������������������� ������ ������ ���������� ���� ������� �� ���� ������������������������������� ����������������� ��� ������������������������������������ � ����������� ����������������� ������������������������������ ���������������������� ��������������������������������������� �� � ���� �������� ��� ������ �������� ������ ������������������������������ ��������� ����������������� ��������������������������� �� ���������������������������������������� ������ �������� ������ ����� �������� ������ �������� ������������ �� ���� ������������������� ������������ �� �������

���� ����� ������ ��� ����� ��� ������������ ���� ����� ������� ���� ���� �������� ����� ����� ���� �� ��� ����� ������� ���� ������ ��������� �� ��������� ������� ����� ���� ��� ��� ���� ������� ���� ������� �������� ��� ��������� ���� ������� ����� �� ������� ������������� ����������������������� ����������� ����������������������� ������������ ������ ���� ���� �������� ������������������������������� ������ ���� ��� ���� ��������� � ���� �� ���������������������������������� �������� � ������������������������������ ���������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� ��� ���� ������� ������ ����� ���� ���� ���� ���� ����� ���� ������ ��� ������������������������������� ������� ���� ���� ��� ���� ���� ������ ����� ������� ��������� ������� ������� ����� ��� ����� ��� ���� ����� ����� ������� ���� ����� ���� �������� ������� �������������������������� ������������������������������������� ��� ���� ������ ���� ����� ���� ���� ����� ���� ���� ����������� ������ ��� ������� ������ ������� ����� ���� �� ������������������ � ������������������ ��������� ��� ��� ��� ����� ��� �������� ����� �������� ����� ����� ������ ��� ����� ��� ���� ����� �������� ����� ��� ���������� ��� ������������������������ ���� �������� ������ ���������������� �� ���� ��� ���� ��� ���

��� � ���� ����� ��� ��������� � ������ ���������������������� ���������� ����� ����������� �� ����� ��� �������� �������������������������������������� ��������� ��������� ����� ����� ���� ����� ���� �� ������ ���� ������ ���� ����� �������� �������� ����� ���� ���������������������������������� ���� ���������������� ���������������� ������� ����� ���� ��������� ����� ���� ���� ������� ������ ��������� �� ������������������������������������� ����� ������ ����� ������ ������ ��� ����� ������ ��� ����� ����� ���� ���� ������������������������������������ ��� ������� ������� �������� ������� ������������������������������������ ���� ��� ������� ������ ��� ������ ��� ����� ���� ����� �������� ���� ��� ���� ������� ����������� ���� ����������� ��������������������������������� ������ ���������� ������������� ���� ����� ������� ����� ���� ��� ��� ������� ������������ �� ����� ���� ��������� �������� �� ������� ���� ��� ���� ���� ����� ��������� ����� ����� ����������������������������������� ������������������������������������� ���� ������ ������� ���� ����� ����� ������������������������������������ ��������������� ����������������� �������������������������������������� ��������������������������� ��������� ��������� ����������������������������������� ��������������������� ����������� ��������� ��������� ���� ����������������������������������������� ����� �������� �������� ����� ����� �������������������������������������� �������������������������������������� �������� ���� ������ ������������ ������ ���� ������� ������ ������� ���� ���� ����������������������������������� ������������������������������ ����� ����������� ������� ���� ���� ����� ���� ������� ���� ��� ��� ���������������������������������� ���� ���� ���� ���� ����� ��������� ��� ����������� ��������� ����������� ��� ��������������������������� �������������������������������� ����������� ���� ��� �������������� ��� ����� ����� ���� ���� �������� ��� ���������������������������������� ���� ��������� ����� ���� ���� ������ ���������� ������������������������������ ����� ���������� ������� �� ����������� ���� ��������� ��������� ��� ������� ������ �������� ��� ����� ������������������������������������ ����������������������������������� ������������������������������������ ��������������� ������������������������ ����������������������� ����������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������� ������������� �������������������

��������������������

�

��������� ������� �������� ������ ���� ���������� ������ ������ ������������������������������������������������������ ����������������� ��������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������ �������������������������� ��������������� ���������� ����� ��� ����������� ����� ������ ����� �������������������������������� ����������������������

����

6

dæ]>∑eT\T

www.prajasakti.com

ôdHÓ‡ø˘‡

181

34,134 ì|”º

58

10,245 s¡÷bÕsTT

23ô|’ˆˆ

nyÓT]ø± &Ü\s¡T≈£î s¡÷.

73.55

V”≤s√ yÓ÷{À qT+∫ ª125 dædæµ dü÷ÿ≥s¡T¢

ø=‘·Ô &Ódæº˙ 125..

V”≤s√ yÓ÷{À ø±sYŒ dü÷ÿ≥s¡¢ $uÛ≤>∑+˝À 125dædæ ø=‘·Ô &Ódæº˙ì Ä$wüÿ]+∫+~. eT+>∑fi¯yês¡+ Bìï q÷´&Ûç©¢˝À Ä ø£+ô|˙ ôV≤&é‡ e÷˝À * eTdü‡Hé, dü+»jYT uÛ≤qT Ä$wüÿ]+#ês¡T. ¬s+&ÉT y˚]j·T+≥¢˝À n+~düTÔqï M{Ï <Ûäs¡\qT s¡÷.54,650, s¡÷.57,500>± ìs¡ísTT+#ês¡T.

yêVü≤q s¡+>±ìøÏ #·eTTs¡T ôd>∑ ��

|ü&çb˛sTTq neTàø±\T ��ø±s¡¢ ø£+ô|˙\≈£î ª<ädüsêµ ìsêX¯ ��BbÕe[ô|’H˚ ÄX¯\T

eTT+ãsTT : <ädüsê, qesêÁ‘·T\ düeTj·T+˝À kÕ<Ûës¡D+>± yêVü≤q neTàø±\≈£î eT+∫ &çe÷+&é ñ+≥T+~. nsTT‘˚ >∑‘· ø=ìï @fi¯¢‘√ b˛*Ñ˚ á kÕ] Ä•+∫q kÕúsTT˝À neTàø±\T ˝Òø£ Ä{ÀyÓTTu…’˝Ÿ ø£+ô|˙\T ìs¡T‘ê‡Vü≤|ü&ܶsTT. $Hêj·Tø£ #·$‹, zqyéT |ü+&É>∑ s√E˝À¢q÷ Ä•+∫q neTàø±\ |òü*‘ê\T sê˝Ò<äT. B+‘√ <ädüsêô|’ ÄX¯\T ô|≥Tºø√>± n$ ≈£L&Ü HÓs¡y˚s¡˝Ò<äì |ü]ÁX¯eT esêZ\T ù|s=ÿqï≥T¢ Ç{Ï ˇø£ ø£<∏äq+ yÓ\¢&ç+∫+~. ø±>± sêuÀj˚T BbÕe[ |ü+&ÉT>∑ düeTj·T+˝À nsTTHê neTàø±\T ô|s¡T>∑T‘êj·TH˚ ÄX¯˝À¢ ñHêïsTT. ô|s¡T>∑T‘·Tqï #·eTTs¡T<Ûäs¡\T, ;e÷ Ks¡TÃ\ e\¢ á @&Ü~ neTàø±\T n+‘·+‘· e÷Á‘·+>±H˚ »]–q≥T¢ ô|ò&ÉπswüHé Ä|òt Ä{ÀyÓ÷{Ïyé &û\sY‡ nk˛dæj˚TwüHé q÷‘·q Áô|dæ&Ó+{Ÿ Ä•wt U≤˝Ò ù|s=ÿHêïs¡T. >∑‘· Äπsfi¯¢‘√ b˛*ùdÔ á @&Ü~ <ädüsê s√E˝À¢H˚ n‘·´+‘· ‘·≈£îÿe yêVü≤Hê\T $Áø£j·TeTj·÷´j·Tì ù|s=ÿHêïs¡T. á @&Ü~ <ädüsê qesêÁ‘·T˝À¢ ø±s¡¢ ]f…Æ˝Ÿ neTàø±\T 5 qT+∫ 20XÊ‘·+ es¡≈£î |ü&çb˛j·÷j·Tì ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. ø±>± ~«#·Áø£yêVü≤Hê\ neTàø±\T 15-20 XÊ‘·+ ø°åDÏ+#êj·Tì ù|s=ÿHêïs¡T. >∑‘· ø=ìï HÓ\\T>± #·eTTs¡T <Ûäs¡\T 15XÊ‘·+ ô|s¡>∑&É+, ;e÷ e´j·T+ 100 XÊ‘·+ ô|s¡>∑&É+‘√ bÕ≥T ôV≤#·Tà e&û¶ πs≥T¢ ‘·eT neTàø±\qT <Óã“rXÊj·Tì Äy˚<äq e´ø£Ô+ #˚XÊs¡T. e#˚à BbÕe[ |ü+&É>∑ô|’H˚ ÄX¯\T ô|≥Tº≈£îHêïeTHêïs¡T. yêVü≤q ø£+ô|˙\T nø√ºãsY˝À ¬s+&É+¬ø\ eè~Δì n+#·Hê y˚XÊsTT. ø±ì neTàø±˝À¢ ˇø£ n+¬ø ô|s¡T>∑T<ä\≈£î |ü]$T‘·eTj˚T´ dü+πø‘ê\T ø£qã&ÉT‘·THêïsTT. ˝…’ôdHé‡ ñqï yê]πø yêVü≤Hê\T $Áø£sTT+#ê\ì |ü•ÃeT u…+>±˝Ÿ ‘Ó∫Ãq ìã+<Ûäq e\¢ Ä sêÁwüº+˝À uÛ≤Ø>± neTàø±\T |ü&çb˛sTTq≥T¢ |ü]ÁX¯eT esêZ\T ù|s=ÿ+≥THêïsTT. >∑‘˚&Ü~ <ädüsê, qesêÁ‘·T\ düeTj·T+˝À <˚X¯+˝À 1,10,000 ø±s¡T¢, 9 \ø£å\ ~«#·Áø£ yêVü≤Hê\T neTàø±\T »]>±sTT.

$»j·Tyê&É eT+>∑fi¯yês¡+ 23 nø√ºãsY 2018

q÷´&Ûç©¢ : <˚X¯+˝ÀH˚ n‹ô|<ä› ~«#·Áø£ yêVü≤q ø£+ô|˙ V”≤s√ yÓ÷{À ø±sYŒ ø=‘·Ô>± 125dædæ dü÷ÿ≥sY $uÛ≤>∑+˝ÀøÏ Á|üy˚•+∫+~. k˛eTyês¡+ q÷´&Ûç©¢˝À &Ódæº˙ 125ì Ä$wüÿ]+∫+~. e#˚à ø=~› yêsê˝À¢H˚ Ç‘·s¡ ÁbÕ+‘ê˝À¢ M{Ïì n+<äTu≤≥T˝ÀøÏ ‘˚qTHêïeTì V”≤s√ yÓ÷{À ø±sYŒ *$Tf…&é >√¢ã˝Ÿ Ábı&É≈£îº bÕ¢ì+>¥ ôV≤&é e÷˝À * e÷düHé ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. &Ódæº˙ <˚X¯+˝ÀH˚ ‘=* ª◊3mdt`◊&ç˝Ÿ kÕºsYº`kÕº|tµ dædüºyéTqT ø£*– ñqï dü÷ÿ≥sY nì nHêïs¡T. 125 dædæ˝À ‘·eT ñìøÏì |ü{Ïwüº+ #˚düTø√yê\H˚ \ø£å´+‘√ Bìï n+<äTu≤≥T˝ÀøÏ ‘Ó#êÃeTHêïs¡T. á $uÛ≤>∑+ Á|üdüTÔ‘· Ä]Δø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡+˝À Ç|üŒ{Ï es¡≈£î 75 XÊ‘·+ eè~Δì qyÓ÷<äT #˚dæ+<äHêïs¡T. Á|üdüTÔ‘· @&Ü~ eTT–+|ü⁄ Hê{ÏøÏ eTs√ ø=‘·Ô dü÷ÿ≥sYqT n+<äTu≤≥T˝ÀøÏ ‘˚qTHêïeTì ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ˝À Á|ür HÓ\ 125 dædæ˝À \ø£å j·T÷ì≥T¢ neTàø±\T »s¡T>∑T‘·THêïj·Tì n+#·Hê y˚XÊs¡T. Á|”$Tj·T+ yÓ÷{≤sY ôd’øÏ˝Ÿ, dü÷ÿ≥s¡T¢ á ¬s+&ÉT $uÛ≤>±˝À¢q÷ eT]ìï ø=‘·Ô ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\qT rdüTø=#˚à ø£düs¡‘·TÔ˝À ñHêïeTì ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. &Ódæº˙ì Á|üdüTÔ‘·+ &Ûç©¢, mHédæÄsY˝À n+<äTu≤≥T˝À ñ+{≤j·Tì, e#˚à 3`4 yêsê˝À¢ <˚X¯ yê´|üÔ+>± $Áø£sTT+#·qTHêïeTì ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. 125 dædæ πø≥–]˝À &Ódæº˙ ‘·eT neTàø±\qT uÛ≤Ø eT<䛑·TqT Çe«qT+<äì V”≤s√ yÓ÷{À ø±sYŒ ø£düºeTsY πøsY ùd˝Ÿ‡ ôV≤&é dü+»jYT uÛ≤qT ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. |ü\T ø±s¡D≤\ e\¢ |ü+&ÉT>∑ düeTj·T+˝À Ä•+∫q kÕúsTT˝À ô|<ä› neTàø±\T »s¡>∑˝Ò<äHêïs¡T. &Ódæº˙ 125 e÷¬sÿ{À¢øÏ düTEøÏ n¬ø‡dt125, Vü≤√+&Ü ÄøϺyê, Á>±õj·÷, {Ï$mdt mHé{§sYÿ≈£î b˛{°ìe«qT+ì |ü]ÁX¯eT esêZ\T ù|s=ÿ+≥THêïsTT.

ø√{°ÏX¯«s¡T\T 60% ô|]>±s¡T

ñ+&É>±, ÁøÏ‘·+ e÷]à eTT–+|ü⁄ Hê{ÏøÏ @&Ü~˝À á yÓTT‘·Ô+ s¡÷.49.95 \ø£å\≈£î ô|]–+~. y˚‘·q |üqTï #Ó*¢+|ü⁄<ës¡T\ dü+K´˝À 37 XÊ‘·+ ô|s¡T>∑T<ä\ #√≥T #˚düT≈£î+~. y˚‘·H˚‘·s¡ |üqTï #Ó*¢+|ü⁄<ës¡T\ dü+K´˝À 19 XÊ‘·+ eè~Δ qyÓ÷<Ó’q≥T¢ dæ_&ç{Ï ù|s=ÿ+~.

2013`14˝À 3.79 ø√≥T¢>± ñqï |üqTï #Ó*¢+|ü⁄<ës¡T\T 2017`18 Hê{ÏøÏ yÓTT‘·Ô+>± 6.85 ø√≥¢ eT+~øÏ #˚sês¡T. ìø£s¡ |üqTï edü÷fi¯ó¢ 4.80 \ø£å\ ø√≥T¢ Á|üdüTÔ‘· Ä]Δø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡+ nø√ºãsY eT÷&√ yês¡+ Hê{ÏøÏ ìø£s¡ |üqTï edü÷fi¯ó¢ 15.7 XÊ‘·+ ô|]– s¡÷.4.89 \ø£å\ ø√≥¢≈£î #˚sêj·Tì dæ_&ç{Ï yÓ\¢&ç+∫+~. Ç~ yÓTT‘·Ô+ Ä]Δø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡+ \ø£å´+˝À 42 XÊ‘·eTì ‘Ó*|æ+~. 2019 e÷]à eTT–+|ü⁄ Hê{ÏøÏ s¡÷.11.5 \ø£å\ ø√≥T¢ edü÷fi¯ó¢ #˚j·÷\ì πø+Á<ä+ \ø£å´+>± ô|≥Tº≈£î+~. ÁøÏ‘·+ nø√ºãsY ∫e] yês¡+ Hê{ÏøÏ 2 ø√≥¢ eT+~øÏ ]|òü+&é‡ #˚dæq≥T¢ Ä<ëj·T|ü⁄ |üqTï XÊK esêZ\T ‘Ó*bÕsTT. ‘êC≤ ]b˛s¡Tº Á|üø±s¡+ >∑‘˚&Ü~ Ç<˚ ø±\+˝À 1.22 ø√≥¢ eT+~øÏ ]|òü+&é‡ #˚XÊs¡T. 2018`19 nø√ºãsY Hê{ÏøÏ ]|òü+&é‡ #Ó*¢+|ü⁄\ yÓTT‘·Ô+ 31.7 XÊ‘·+ ô|]– s¡÷.83,000 ø√≥¢≈£î #˚sêsTT. Á|üdüTÔ‘· Ä]Δø£ dü+e‘·‡s¡+˝À ø=‘·Ô>± 1.25 ø√≥¢ eT+~ |üqTï #Ó*¢+|ü⁄<ës¡T\T #˚s¡T‘ês¡ì Ä esêZ\T n+#·Hê y˚düTÔHêïsTT. >∑‘˚&Ü~ 1.06 ø√≥¢ eT+~ ø=‘·Ô>± #˚sês¡T.

�

Hê\Tπ>fi¯¢˝À |üqTï #Ó*¢+|ü⁄˝À¢ qyÓ÷<äT � 2018 e÷]à Hê{ÏøÏ 1.40 \ø£å\ eT+~.. � e´øÏÔ>∑‘· |üqTï #Ó*¢+|ü⁄<ës¡T\T 81y˚\ eT+~ � dæ_&ç{Ï yÓ\¢&ç

q÷´&Ûç©¢ : <˚X¯+˝À kÕ<Ûës¡D Á|ü»\ Áã‘·T≈£î˝À¢ ô|<ä› e÷s¡TŒ ˝Òø£b˛sTTq|üŒ{Ïø° <Ûäqe+‘·T\T e÷Á‘·+ eT]+‘· &ÉãT“H√ïfi¯ó¢>± e÷s¡T‘·THêïs¡T. >∑‘· Hê\Tπ>fi¯¢˝ÀH˚ ø√{ÏX¯«s¡T\ dü+K´ 60 XÊ‘·+ ô|]–+<äì ôd+Á≥˝Ÿ uÀs¡T¶ Ä|òt &Ó’¬s≈£îº {≤´¬ø‡dt (dæ_&ç{Ï) Ç∫Ãq ìy˚~ø£H˚ Ç+<äT≈£î ì<äs¡Ùq+. <˚X¯+˝À |üqTï, #Ó*¢+|ü⁄<ës¡T\T, ø√{ÏX¯«s¡¢ dü+K´ô|’ k˛eTyês¡+ dæ_&ç{° ˇø£ ]b˛s¡Tº yÓ\¢&ç+∫+~.

2017`18 e÷]à eTT–+|ü⁄ Hê{ÏøÏ <˚X¯+˝À ø√{Ï s¡÷bÕj·T\T ô|’>± dü+bÕ~düTÔqï yê] dü+K´ 1,40,000≈£î #˚]+~. 2014`15˝À á dü+K´ 88,649>± ñ+~. B+‘√ b˛*Ñ˚ >∑‘· Hê\Tπ>fi¯¢˝À M] dü+K´ @ø£+>± 60 XÊ‘·+ ô|]–+<äì dæ_&ç{Ï yÓ\¢&ç+∫+~. @&Ü~øÏ ø√{Ï s¡÷bÕj·T\T dü+bÕ~dü÷Ô

e´øÏÔ>∑‘· Ä<ëj·T|üqTï #Ó*¢+#˚yê] dü+K´ >∑D˙j·T+>± ô|]–+<äì dæ_&ç{Ï #ÛÓ’s¡àHé düTo˝Ÿ #·+Á<ä ‘Ó*bÕs¡T. Ä<ëj·T |üqTï XÊK rdüT≈£î+≥Tqï ø£]ƒq #·s¡´\ ø±s¡D+>± >∑‘· eT÷&˚fi¯¢˝À |üqTï #Ó*¢+|ü⁄ <ës¡T\ dü+K´ uÛ≤Ø>± ô|]–+<äHêïs¡T. ø√{Ï ô|’>± Ä<ëj·T+ ø£*–q e´øÏÔ>∑‘· |üqTï #Ó*¢+|ü⁄<ës¡T\ dü+K´ 68 XÊ‘·+ ô|]– 81,344≈£î #˚]+~. >∑‘· Hê\Tπ>fi¯¢ ÁøÏ‘·+ á dü+K´ 48,416>± ñ+~. Ç<˚ düeTj·T+˝À ø±s=Œπs{Ÿ |üqTï #Ó*¢+|ü⁄<ës¡T\ dü+K´ 55 XÊ‘·+ ô|]–+~. >∑‘· Hê\T>∑T Ä]Δø£ dü+e‘·‡sê˝À¢ ]≥sYï‡ ô|ò’˝Ÿ #˚düTÔqï yê] dü+K´˝Àq÷ 80 XÊ‘·+ eè~Δ qyÓ÷<äsTT´+<äì düTo˝Ÿ #·+Á<ë ù|s=ÿHêïs¡T. ø±>± 2014-15˝À dü>∑≥T |üqTï #Ó*¢+|ü⁄ s¡÷.32.28 \ø£å\T>±

Ä>∑ì |ü‘·q+

eTT+ãsTT : |ü\T |ü]D≤e÷\ eT<Ûä´ k˛eTyês¡+ <˚oj·T kÕºø˘ e÷¬sÿ≥T¢ rÁe ˇ&ç<äT&ÉT≈£î\T m<äTs=ÿHêïsTT. ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑ+˝À ôdHÓ‡ø˘‡ 435 bÕsTT+≥¢ >∑]wüº kÕúsTTì ‘êøÏ+~. nq+‘·s¡+ ø£q÷‡eTsY &É÷´¬sãT˝Ÿ‡, |æmdtj·TT, ◊{Ï, eTÚ*ø£ edü‘·T\ dü÷N\ neTàø±\ ˇ‹Ô&ç‘√ 181 bÕsTT+≥T¢ ø√˝ÀŒsTT 34,134≈£î |ü&çb˛sTT+~. Ç+Á{≤ ÁfÒ&ç+>¥˝À 34,082`34,748 eT<Ûä´ ø£<ä˝≤&ç+~. u≤´¬s˝Ÿ eTT&ç #·eTTs¡T <Ûäs¡ 80 &Ü\s¡¢≈£î #˚s¡&É+, &Ü\sY‘√ s¡÷bÕsTT $\Te |ü&çb˛e&É+, ã\V”≤q n+‘·sê®rj·T e÷¬sÿ{Ÿ˝À &Ü\sY‘√ s¡÷bÕsTT e÷s¡ø£+ $\Te 23 ô|’dü\T |ü‘·qyÓTÆ 73.55≈£î |ü]D≤e÷\ H˚|ü<∏ä´+˝À e÷¬sÿ≥T¢ Á|ü‹≈£L\‘·qT m<äTs=ÿHêïsTT. n+‘·sê®rj·T Á<äe´ |ü&çb˛sTT+~.

ôdHÓ‡ø˘‡ 181 bÕsTT+≥¢ qwüº+

_mdtÇ˝À ◊dæ◊dæ◊ u≤´+≈£î 4.16 XÊ‘·+, mHé{Ï|ædæ 1.92 XÊ‘·+, ãC≤CŸ Ä{À 1.44 XÊ‘·+, ôV≤#Y&çm|òtdæ u≤´+≈£î 1.40 XÊ‘·+, uÛ≤s¡r msTTsYf…˝Ÿ 1.34 XÊ‘·+ #=|ü⁄Œq n~Ûø£+>± ˝≤uÛÑ|ü&çq yê{Ï˝À eTT+<äT es¡Tdü˝À ñHêïsTT. eTs√yÓ’|ü⁄ Ç+&ÉTdtÇ+&é u≤´+≈£î 6.95 XÊ‘·+, ]\j·THé‡ Ç+&ÉÁd”ºdt 3.60 XÊ‘·+, Ädæj·THé ô|sTT+{Ÿ‡ 3.39 XÊ‘·+, ø={≤ø˘ u≤´+≈£î 2.67 XÊ‘·+, ˇmHéõdæ 2.61 XÊ‘·+ #=|ü⁄Œq n~Ûø£+>± qwüºb˛sTTq yê{Ï˝À eTT+<äT es¡Tdü˝À ñHêïsTT.

J|t ø£HÓø˘º ne⁄{Ÿ˝…≥¢ $düÔs¡D |üPD… : n+‘·sê®rj·T Ä{À Á>∑÷|ü⁄ |òæj·T{Ÿ ÁøÏôd¢sY Ä{ÀyÓTTu…’˝Ÿ‡ (m|òtdæm) ≈£î #Ó+~q J|t Áu≤+&é ñ‘·Œ‘·TÔ\ $Áø£j·÷ìøÏ uÛ≤s¡‘Y˝À e#˚à &çôd+ãsY eTT–+|ü⁄ Hê{ÏøÏ @&ÉT ªJ|t ø£HÓø˘ºµ ne⁄{Ÿ˝…≥¢qT ‘Ós¡TeqTqï≥T¢ Á|üø£{Ï+∫+~. Ç+<äT˝À ‘=* ne⁄{Ÿ˝…{ŸqT |üPD…˝À ÁbÕs¡+_Û+∫q≥T¢ ˇø£ Á|üø£≥q˝À ù|s=ÿ+~. yÓTÁ{À q>∑sê\≈£î <ä÷s¡+>± ìedædüTÔqï ‘·eT ø=qT>√\T<ës¡T\≈£î eT]+‘· <ä>∑Zs¡ ø±e&ÜìøÏ á ìs¡íj·T+ rdüT≈£îHêïeTì m|òtdæm Ç+&çj·÷ Áô|dæ&Ó+{Ÿ ¬ø$Hé Áô|ò’Hé ù|s=ÿHêïs¡T. ‘·eT≈£î Ç|üŒ{Ï es¡≈£î <˚X¯ yê´|üÔ+>± 68 ùd˝Ÿ‡, düØ«düT ne⁄{Ÿ˝…≥¢qT ø£*– ñHêïeTHêïs¡T. ø=‘·Ô @&Ü~ Hê{ÏøÏ 70øÏ $düÔ]+#ê\ì \ø£å´+>± ô|≥Tº≈£îHêïeTHêïs¡T.

Vü≤j·TsY qT+∫ áJ ø£HÓø˘º {°$\T q÷´&Ûç©¢ : >∑èôVA|üø£s¡D≤\T, $ìjÓ÷>∑<ës¡T m\Áø±ºìø˘‡ ø£+ô|˙ Vü≤j·TsY Ç+&çj·÷ e÷¬sÿ{À¢øÏ áJ ø£HÓø˘º m˝ŸÇ&ç {°$\qT $&ÉT<ä\ #˚dæ+~. Ç$ kÕàsY eP´sTT+>¥ nqTuÛÑ÷‹ì n+~+#·qTHêïj·Tì Ä ø£+ô|˙ Áô|dæ&Ó+{Ÿ m]ø˘ Áã>±+C≤ ù|s=ÿHêïs¡T. 80 ôd+{°MT≥s¡T¢, 108 ôd+{°MT≥s¡¢ {°$\ <Ûäs¡\qT es¡Tdü>± s¡÷.22,990, s¡÷.40,990>± ìs¡ísTT+#êeTHêïs¡T. Ç$ #·ø£ÿ{Ï |æø£ÃsY ø±«*{°, ôV≤#Y&ç ]»\÷´wüHéqT n+~kÕÔj·THêïs¡T. Ç$ Ä+Á&ÜsTT&é kÕàsYº bò˛Hé qT+∫ H˚s¡T>± {°$ Ád”ÿHé≈£î ø£+f…+{Ÿ Ád”º$T+>¥ #˚jÓTT#·ÃHêïs¡T.

B|æø£

Á>∑÷|t‡, Ç‘·s¡ b˛{°|üØø£å\ Á|ü‘˚´ø£+

Á_{Ïwüß bÕ\q˝À sêC≤´+>∑ n_Ûeè~Δ m$|æ.sêE, _|æm+m+ ôV’≤dü÷ÿ˝Ÿ, $»j·Tq>∑s¡+. ôd˝Ÿ : 9390465623

uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À düT$XÊ\ kÕÁe÷C≤´ìï kÕú|æ+∫q

‘·÷s¡TŒ ádæº+&çj·÷ ø£+ô|˙ <ëìï n<äT|ü⁄ #˚j·T&ÜìøÏ |ü]bÕ\qqT ‘·q nedüsê\≈£î nqT>∑TD+>± eT\#·Tø√e&ÜìøÏ düeTs¡Δe+‘·+>± ìs¡«Væ≤+#·&ÜìøÏ nH˚ø£ sêC≤´+>∑ |ü<äΔ‘·T*ï, ìsêàD≤ìï, e´edüú*ï s¡÷bı+~+#·e\dæ e∫Ã+~. düTe÷s¡T 200 dü+ˆˆ\ Ä+π>¢j·TT\ bÕ\q˝À uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À »]–q sêC≤´+>∑ n_Ûeè~Δì n<Ûä´j·Tq kÂ\uÛÑ´+ ø√dü+ ¬s+&ÉT <äX¯\T>± $uÛÑõ+#·&É+ »]–+~.

1. 1757`1858 eT<Ûä´ ø£+ô|˙ bÕ\q˝À sêC≤´+>∑ n_Ûeè~Δ.

2. 1858 ` 1947 ø±\+˝À Á_{Ïwüß Á|üuÛÑT‘·« Á|ü‘·´ø£å bÕ\q˝À »]–q sêC≤´+>∑ n_Ûeè~Δ.

1. 1757 ` 1858 eT<Ûä´ ø£+ô|˙ bÕ\q˝À sêC≤´+>∑ n_Ûeè~Δ: Áø°ˆˆX¯ 1757 qT+&ç 10dü+ˆˆ ø±\+˝À ø£+ô|˙ |ü]bÕ\Hê $<Ûëq+ ‘·s¡#·T>± nH˚ø£ e÷s¡TŒ\≈£î ˝ÀHÓ’+~. nsTTq|üŒ{ÏøÏ ø£+ô|˙ á ÁøÏ+~ eTTK´ \øå±´\ qT+∫ ‘·q <äèwæºì m|ü&É÷ eT[fl+#·˝Ò<äT. 1.ø£+ô|˙ ˝≤uÛ≤\qT ìs¡+‘·s¡+ n~Ûø£+ #˚j·T&É+.

2. uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À ‘·q ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\T Á_≥Hé≈£î eT]+‘· ˝≤uÛÑ<ëj·Tø£+>± ñ+&˚˝≤ #˚j·T&É+.

3. uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+ô|’ Á_{Ïwt Ä~Û|ü‘ê´ìï, n<äT|ü⁄qT ø±bÕ&ÉT‘·÷ eT]+‘· |ü{Ïwüº+>± XÊX¯«‘·+ #˚j·T&É+. á eT÷&ÉT ˝øå±´\ kÕ<Ûäq≈£î nqT>∑TD+>± uÛ≤s¡‘· Á|üuÛÑT‘·« |ü]bÕ\q, sê»´+>±\qT s¡÷bı+~+∫, n_Ûeè~Δ #˚XÊs¡T. nsTT‘˚ uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À ‘·q yê´bÕs¡+, eqs¡T\qT ‘·s¡*+#·&É+ kÕ|ò”>± kÕ>±\+fÒ <˚X¯+˝À XÊ+‹uÛÑÁ<ä‘·\ ìs¡+‘·s¡ |ü]s¡ø£åD n‘·´edüs¡+. n+<äTe˝Ò¢ ø£+ô|˙ ‘·q dü«|ü]bÕ\Hê ìs¡«Vü≤D˝À XÊ+‹ uÛÑÁ<ä‘·\≈£î ô|<ä›|”≥ y˚dæ+~. <ä«+<ä Á|üuÛÑT‘·« $<Ûëq+ : 1764˝À ãø£‡sY j·TT<äΔ+ ‘·sê«‘· 1765˝À ø£+ô|˙ u…+>±˝Ÿ, ;Vü‰sY\ô|’ ~yê˙ Vü≤≈£îÿ\T bı+~q ‘·sê«‘·.. yê{Ï |ü]bÕ\qô|’ ‹s¡T>∑T˝Òì Ä~Û|ü‘·´+ kÕ~Û+∫, yê{Ï˝À á <ä«+<ä« Á|üuÛÑT‘·« $<ÛëHêìï Á|üy˚X¯ô|{Ϻ+~. nsTT‘˚ yê{Ï bÕ‘· |ü]bÕ\Hê $<Ûëq+˝À m≥Te+{Ï eTÚ*ø£ e÷s¡TŒ\T rdüT≈£îsê˝Ò<äT. uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À ˝≤uÛÑ<ëj·Tø£yÓTÆq yê´bÕs¡+ <ë«sê, n~Ûø£|üqTï\T edü÷\T #˚j·T&É+ <ë«sê Á_≥Hé≈£î nbÕs¡ dü+|ü<äqT ‘·s¡*+#˚ \ø£å´+‘√ <ä«+<ä« Á|üuÛÑT‘·« $<ÛëHêìï Á|üy˚X¯ô|{Ϻ+~. yêdüÔe+>± ø=ìï ˝ÀbÕ\ e\¢ Bìï 1772˝À s¡<äT›#˚dæ, ø£+ô|˙ ‘·q kı+‘· ñ<√´>∑T\ <ë«sê u…+>±˝ŸqT Á_{Ïwt Á|üuÛÑT‘·« Á|ü‘·´ø£å |üs¡´y˚ø£åD øÏ+<ä |ü]bÕ*+#·&É+ ÁbÕs¡+_Û+∫+~.

bÕs¡¢yÓT+≥T ˇø£ eTTK´yÓTÆq #·{≤ºìï ÄyÓ÷~+∫+~. <ëìH˚ ‘˚j·÷≈£î es¡Ôø£+˝ÀqT, #Ó’Hê‘√ yê´bÕs¡+˝ÀqT ø£+ô|˙ >∑T‘êÔ~Û|ü‘ê´ìï |üP]Ô>± ‘=\–+∫+~. Bì‘√ ø£+ô|˙ yêDÏ»´ ¬s>∑T´˝Ò{Ï+>¥ #·≥º+ n+{≤s¡T. � Regulating Act 1774 : The Regulating Act n~Ûø±sê\˙ï |üP]Ô>± ‘=\–+#·ã&ܶsTT. uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚XÊìï Á_{Ïwt brought in Supreme Court in Callutta in kÕs¡«uÛÖeTTì ‘·s¡|ü⁄q |ü]bÕ*+#˚ ˇø£ kÕ<Ûäq+>± ø£+ô|˙ 1774 which administered english law but $T–*b˛sTT+~. ø±lw <ëì e´eVü‰sê\˙ï uÀs¡T¶ Ä|òt whose Jurisdiction was underfined. The Act ø£+Á{À˝Ÿ ÄBÛq+˝ÀøÏ ‘˚ã&ܶsTT. á #·≥º+ uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À πø+ÁBø£è‘· |ü]bÕ\Hê e´edüúqT eT]+‘· |ü{Ïwüº+ #˚dæ+~. of 1781 restricted english law to the english u…+>±˝Ÿ >∑es¡ïsY »qs¡˝ŸqT á #·≥º+ uÛ≤s¡‘· >∑es¡ïsY and detined the courts Jurisdiction. In »qs¡˝Ÿ>± e÷]à y˚dæ+~. Bì‘√ 1833˝À $*j·T+ u…+{Ï+ø˘ September 1780, Hastings revived the yÓTT<ä{Ï uÛ≤s¡‘· >∑es¡ïsY »qs¡˝Ÿ nj·÷´s¡T. Sadar Diwani Adalat and impey, Chief 1853 #ês¡ºsY #·≥º+ : á #·≥º+ uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À Justice of the Supreme Court accepted to ø£+ô|˙ bÕ\q≈£î eTs√ Á|ü‘ê´e÷ïj·T+. eTs√ 20dü+ˆˆ\T discharge the function of this court. Á_{Ïwt bÕs¡¢yÓT+≥T y˚πs @sêŒ≥T #˚ùd+‘·es¡≈£î e÷Á‘·y˚T In 1781 Hastings created a number of new bı&ç–+∫+~. Á_{Ïwt Ç+&çj·÷˝À ñ<√´>∑T\qT ìj·T$T+#˚+ district court which totalled about 18, <äT≈£î ø£+ô|˙øÏ >∑\ n~Ûø±s¡+ ‘=\–+#·ã&ç+~. ñ<√´>±˝À¢ covenanted servants, who were designated ìj·T$T+#˚+<äT≈£î yÓTT≥ºyÓTT<ä{ÏkÕ]>± b˛{° |üØø£å\qT as judges decided civil cases. After the ìs¡«Væ≤+#·&É+ ÁbÕs¡+_Û+#ês¡T. yÓTT<ä{ÏkÕ]>± u…+>±˝Ÿ sêh recall of impey in 1782 the Governer gener- bÕ\qqT πø+Á<äbÕ\q qT+&ç y˚s¡T #˚dæ, u…+>±˝Ÿ≈£î Á|ü‘˚´ø£ al and council began to function as the court >∑es¡ïsYqT ìj·T$T+#ês¡T. yÓTT<ä{ÏkÕ]>± Á_{Ïwüß of Sadar Diwari Adalat. Ç+&çj·÷˝À 12 eT+~ düuÛÑT´\T >∑\ XÊdüqìsêàD düuÛÑ≈£î n+≈£îsês¡ŒD »]–+~. BìH˚ ªªÇ+|”]j·T˝Ÿ ˝…õùd¢{Ïyé �|æ{Ÿ Ç+&çj·÷ #·≥º+ : á #·≥º+ <ë«sê Á_{Ïwt Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«ìøÏ ø£+ô|˙ e´eVü‰sê\ øöì‡˝Ÿµµ nì n+{≤s¡T. MT<ä, uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À ø£+ô|˙ bÕ\q MT<ä düsê«~Ûø±sê\T 2. 1858 ` 1947 eT<Ûä´ø±\+˝À sêC≤´+>±_Ûeè~Δ : 1857 Á|ü<∏äeT kÕ«‘·+Á‘·´ dü+Á>±eT+ uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À @s¡Œ&ܶsTT. uÀs¡T¶ Ä|òt ø£+Á{À\T kÕΔ|üq ` uÛ≤s¡‘· e´eVü‰sê\ Á_{Ïwüß |ü]bÕ\Hê |ü⁄Hê<äT\qT |üP]Ô>± ≈£î~|æy˚dæ+~. ìj·T+Á‘·D ø√dü+ Äs¡T>∑Ts¡T ø£$Twüq¢‘√ ≈£L&çq uÀs¡T¶ Ä|òt Bì˝À |ü]bÕ\Hê e´edüú |ü⁄qsY e´ed”úø£s¡D ‘·|üŒìdü¬s’+~. ø£+Á{À\T ìj·T$T+#·ã&ç+~. Ç<ä›s¡T Á_{Ïwt ø±´_HÓ{Ÿ ‹s¡T>∑Tu≤≥T »]–q ø=~› <äXÊu≤›\˝ÀH˚ uÛ≤s¡‘· Á|üuÛÑT‘·« ìsêà eT+Á‘·T\T Ç+<äT˝À düuÛÑT´\T. á uÀs¡T¶ ø£+ô|˙ &Ó’¬sø£ºs¡¢ D+˝À, $<ÛëHê\˝À >∑D˙j·TyÓTÆq e÷s¡TŒ\T dü+|òüT+ ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\≈£î, uÛ≤s¡‘· Á|üuÛÑT‘·« ìs¡«Vü≤D≈£î #√≥T#˚düT≈£îHêïsTT. nedüs¡yÓTÆq e÷s¡Z<äs¡Ùø£‘·+ eVæ≤dü÷Ô ø£+Á{À\T #˚düTÔ+~.

1858 $ø√º]j·÷ eTVü‰sêDÏ Á|üø£≥q / n+‘˚ø±≈£î+&Ü eTTK´yÓTÆq n‘·´edüs¡ e´eVü‰sê˝À¢ &Ó’¬sø£ºs¡¢ uÛ≤s¡‘· Á|üuÛÑT‘·« #·≥º+ 1858 : s¡Vü≤dü´ ø£$T{° <ë«sê uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚XÊìøÏ H˚s¡T>± ñ‘·Ôs¡T«\T |ü+ù| It took the English more than a year to n~Ûø±s¡+ uÀsY¶ Ä|òt ø£+Á{À˝Ÿ≈£î ñqï~. suppres the revolt of 1857. During this peri� �

#ês¡ºsY #·{≤º\T (1793 `1833)

1793 #ês¡ºsY #·≥º+ ` á #ês¡ºsY #·≥º+ Á|üø±s¡+ >∑es¡ïs¡¢≈£î, >∑es¡ïsY »qs¡˝Ÿ≈£î ‘·eT dü\Vü‰ dü+|òüT ìs¡íj·÷\qT Á‘√dæ|ü⁄#˚à n~Ûø±s¡+ Çe«ã&ç+~. � 1813 #ês¡ºsY #·≥º+ ` á #·≥º+ m*õu…‘Y sêDÏ Ç+‘· es¡≈£L ø£+ô|˙øÏ Á|ükÕ~+∫q yê´bÕs¡ >∑T‘êÔ~Ûø±s¡eTTqT s¡<äT› #˚dæ+~. Á_{Ïwüß bÂs¡T\+<ä]˙ uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À yê´bÕs¡+ #˚düTø=H˚+<äT≈£î düe÷qVü≤≈£îÿ, neø±X¯+ ø£*Œ+#·ã&ç+~. nsTT‘˚ ‘˚j·÷≈£î es¡Ôø£+˝Àq÷ #Ó’Hê‘√ #˚ùd yê´bÕs¡+˝Àq÷ ø£+ô|˙ jÓTTø£ÿ >∑T‘êÔ~Ûø±s¡+ ø=qkÕ–+#·ã&ç+~. n+‘˚ø±≈£î+&Ü uÛ≤s¡‘· Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«ìï, uÛ≤s¡‘· ¬syÓq÷´ Ä<ëj·÷ìï ø£+ô|˙øÏ <Ûësê<ä‘·Ô+ #˚j·T&É+ »]–+~. Ç+&çj·÷˝À ‘·q ñ<√´>∑T*ï, n~Ûø±s¡T*ï ìj·T$T+#·T≈£îH˚ ø£+ô|˙ Vü≤≈£Lÿ n$∫äqï+>± ø=qkÕ–+~. yÓTT<ä{ÏkÕ]>± uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À Ä<ÛäTìø£ $<ë´_Ûeè~Δø√dü+ Á|ü‹ dü+e‘·‡s¡+ \ø£å s¡÷bÕj·T\T πø{≤sTT+#·ã&ܶsTT. n<˚$<Ûä+>± yÓTT<ä{Ï kÕ]>± Á¬øÔdüÔe eT‘· Á|ü#ês¡eTTq≈£î nqTeT‹ Çe«ã&ç+~. � ¬s>∑T´˝Ò{Ï+>¥ j·÷≈£îº 1773 : uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À ádæº+&çj·÷ ø£+ô|˙ bÕ\qqT Bìø√dü+ ˇø£ _wü|t, eTT>∑TZs¡T Á|”dtº\qT (Priests) Áø£eTãBΔø£]+#˚+<äT≈£î <ëì e´eVü‰sê\qT Á_{Ïwüß Á|üuÛÑT‘·« ìj·T$T+#·&É+ »]–+~.

1833 #ês¡ºsY #·≥º+ : á #ês¡ºsY #·≥º+ m≥ºπø\≈£î n»e÷sTTw” øÏ+<ä≈£î ‘Ó#˚Ã+<äT≈£î 1773˝À Á_{Ïwüß

od they changed many of their policies and adopted new ones. In 1858, Queen Victoria of England made an important declaration, she said Indian kings shall rule their own kingdoms without anxiety because the English were not try to dethrone them.

In this way they established a close collaboration with the royal families of India.

Similarly, the Zamindars, too were given many concessions and were assured that their property would be protected.

1861 uÛ≤s¡‘· XÊdüqdüuÛÑ\ #·≥º+ / uÛ≤s¡‘· XÊdüq düuÛÑ\ #·{≤º\T :

á #·≥º+ Á|ü‘˚´ø£+>± XÊdüHê\ s¡÷|üø£\Œq ø√dü+ >∑es¡ïsY »qs¡˝Ÿ ø±s¡´ìsê«Vü≤ø£ eT+&É* düuÛÑT´\ dü+K´qT ô|+∫+~. n+<äTe\¢ <ëìøÏ kÕÁe÷»´ $<Ûëq |ü]wü‘·TÔ (Imperial legislative council) Vü≤√<ë Çe«ã&ç+~. á #·≥º+ b˛s¡Tº bò˛*jÓ÷ $<ÛëHêìï Á|üy˚X¯ô|{Ϻ+~. á $<Ûëq+ <ë«sê >∑es¡ïsY »qs¡˝Ÿ ø±s¡´ìsê«Vü≤ø£ eT+&É* düuÛÑT´\˝À Á|ü‹ ˇø£ÿ]øÏ |ü]bÕ\Hê e´eVü‰sê\˝À ˇø√ÿ XÊKqT n|üŒ–+#·&É+ »]–+~. á #·≥º+ <ë«sê #ÓqïsTT, eTT+ãsTT, ã+>± e+{Ï

sêÁcÕº˝À¢ Á|ü‘˚´ø£ sêÁwüº $<Ûëq |ü]wü‘·TÔ\qT @sêŒ≥T #˚j·T&É+ dü+kÕúHê\T #˚s¡ø£b˛‘˚, düe÷K´ neT\T˝ÀøÏ sê<äT. »]–+~. � πø+Á<ä+˝À ~«düuÛ≤ düe÷U´ XÊdüqdüuÛÑ kÕú|üq �

1892 uÛ≤s¡‘· XÊdüqdüuÛÑ\ #·≥º+

:

1885˝À uÛ≤s¡‘· C≤rj·T ø±+Á¬>dt bÕغ kÕú|æ+∫q ‘·sê«‘·.. $T‘·yê<ä Hêj·T≈£î\T Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ô|’ XÊdüqdüuÛÑ eT+&É\T\ $düÔs¡D dü+düÿs¡D\ ø√dü+ #˚dæq ˇ‹Ô&ç e\¢ á #·≥º+ Á|üy˚X¯ô|{Ϻ+~. á #·≥º+ Á|üø±s¡+ πø+Á<ä XÊdüqdüuÛÑ\ ˝ÀqT, sêh XÊdüqdüuÛÑ\˝ÀqT düuÛÑT´\ dü+K´qT ô|+#ês¡T. á düuÛÑ\˝À nq~Ûø±s¡ düuÛÑT´\qT uÛ≤s¡rj·TT˝Ò |üs√ø£å+>± mqTïø=H˚ neø±X¯+ ø£*Œ+#ês¡T. πø+Á<ä, sêÁwüº XÊdüqdüuÛÑ\˝Àì düuÛÑT´\≈£î yê]¸ø£ ã&Ó®{Ÿô|’ #·s¡Ã\˝À bÕ˝§ZH˚ neø±X¯+ ø£*Œ+∫+~. ø±˙ yê]øÏ Bìô|’ z≥T #˚ùd neø±X¯+ ˝Ò<äT. �

1909 $T+{À e÷πs¢ dü+düÿs¡D\T / 1909 uÛ≤s¡‘· XÊdüqdüuÛÑ\ #·≥º+ :

$T+{À e÷πs¢ dü+düÿs¡D\T πø+Á<ä, sêhº XÊdüqdüuÛÑ˝À¢ mìïø£j˚T´ düuÛÑT´\ dü+K´qT ô|+#êsTT. nsTT‘˚ mìïø£j˚T´ düuÛÑT´˝À¢ m≈£îÿeeT+~ |üs√ø£å mìïø£ |ü<äΔ‹ <ë«sê mìïø£ ne⁄‘ês¡T. πø+Á<ä, sêh XÊdüqdüuÛÑ\ n~Ûø±sê\q÷ ø=+‘·es¡≈£î $düÔ]+#ês¡T. ã&Ó®{Ÿ˝À n+XÊ\qT #·]Ã+#˚+<äT≈£î Á|üC≤_ÛÁbÕj·÷ìï Á|ü‹_+_+#˚ rsêàHê\qT Á|üy˚X¯ ô|fÒº+ <äT≈£î, nqTã+<Ûä Á|üX¯ï\T y˚ùd+<äT≈£î neø±X¯+ ø£*Œ+#ês¡T. á #·≥º+˝Àì eTs=ø£ eTTU≤´+X¯+ eT‘· ÁbÕ‹|ü~ø£ MT<ä Á|ü‘˚´ø£ ìjÓ÷»ø£esêZ\qT Á|üy˚X¯ô|≥º&É+. á $<Ûëq+˝À eTTdæ¢+\+<ä]˙ ø£*|æ ø=ìï Á|ü‘˚´ø£ ìjÓ÷»ø£esêZ\T>± $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T. á ìjÓ÷»ø£ esêZ\˝À πøe\+ eTTdæ¢+ düuÛÑT´\T e÷Á‘·y˚T mqTïø√ã&É‘ês¡T. �1919 uÛ≤s¡‘· Á|üuÛÑT‘·«#·≥º+ /

e÷+fÒ>¥ ` #ÛÓyéT‡|òüsY¶ dü+düÿs¡D\T :

sêh XÊdüqdüuÛÑ\˝À düuÛÑT´\ dü+K´qT ô|+#ês¡T. yê]˝À n~Ûø£ dü+U≤´≈£î\T Á|ü‘˚´ø£ mìïø£ <ë«sê mqTïø√ã&É‘ês¡T. sêhkÕúsTT˝À ªª<ä«+<ä |ü]bÕ\q (Dyarchy) |ü<äΔ‹ì Á|üy˚X¯ô|{Ϻ sêÁwüº Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«\≈£î eT]ìï n~Ûø±sê\T Ç#êÃs¡T. á $<Ûëq+˝À |ü]bÕ\Hê n+XÊ\qT ¬s+&ÉT>± $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T. Ä]úø£ e´eVü‰sê\T, XÊ+‹uÛÑÁ<ä‘·\T e+{Ï $wüj·÷\qT Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«BÛq n+XÊ\T(Reserved subjects) nì n+{≤s¡T. Ç$ >∑es¡ïsY Á|ü‘·´ø£å n<äT|ü⁄˝À ñ+{≤sTT. $<ä´, Äs√>∑´+ e´ekÕj·T+, kÕúìø£ dü«|ü]bÕ\qe+{Ï $wüj·÷*ï XÊdüqdüuÛ≤BÛq n+XÊ\T (Transferred subjects) nì n+{≤s¡T. Ç$ XÊdüqdüuÛÑ\≈£î u≤<Ûä´‘· eVæ≤+#˚ eT+Á‘·T\ ìj·T+Á‘·D˝À ñ+{≤sTT. á #·≥º+ πø+Á<ä+˝À ~«düuÛ≤ $<ÛëHêìï Á|üy˚X¯ô|{Ϻ+~. ˇø£{Ï m>∑TedüuÛÑ ˝Ò<ë sê»´düuÛÑ, ¬s+&Ée~ ~>∑TedüuÛÑ ˝Ò<ë XÊdüqdüuÛÑ (Legislative Assembly) n˝≤π> #·≥º düuÛÑ\˝À n~Ûø±s¡düuÛÑT´\ dü+K´ qT, mqTïø√ã&˚ nq~Ûø±s¡ düuÛÑT´\ dü+K´ ø£Hêï ‘·–Z+#ês¡T. � 1935 uÛ≤s¡‘· Á|üuÛÑT‘·« #·≥º+`

nœ\uÛ≤s¡‘· düe÷K´ kÕú|üq

á #·≥º+ <˚X¯+˝À nœ\uÛ≤s¡‘· düe÷K´ kÕú|üqqT ìπs›•+∫+~. Á_{Ïwt Ç+&çj·÷ sêÁcÕº\T, dü«<˚o dü+kÕúHê\T n˙ï ø£*dæ @s¡Œ&çq ˇø£ j·T÷ìj·THé Ä<Ûës¡+>± á düe÷K´ @s¡Œ&ÉT‘·T+~. á düe÷K´˝À Á_{Ïwt Á|üuÛÑT‘·« bÕ\q˝À ñqï sêÁcÕº\T ‘·|üŒìdü]>± #˚s¡‘êsTT. ø±˙ dü«<˚o dü+kÕúHê\ #˚]ø£ dü«#·Ã¤+<ä+.. n+‘˚ø±≈£î+&Ü ìØí‘· dü+K´˝À dü«<˚o

(Bicameral Federal Legislature): � πø+Á<ä+˝À <ä«+<ä« Á|üuÛÑT‘·«+ � ô|ò&És¡˝Ÿ ø√s¡Tº kÕú|üq � sêhkÕúsTT˝À dü«|ü]bÕ\q

á #·≥º+ eTTdæ¢+\πø ø±ø£ dæ≈£îÿ\T, j·T÷s√|æj·TqT¢, uÛ≤s¡‘· Á¬ø’düÔe⁄\T, Ä+>√¢Ç+&çj·Tq¢≈£L Á|ü‘˚´ø£ mìïø£\ ìjÓ÷»ø£ esêZ\qT πø{≤sTT+∫+~.

1947 uÛ≤s¡‘· kÕ«‘·+Á‘·´ #·≥º+ 1947 pHé 3, eTÚ+{Ÿ u≤≥Hé |ü<∏äø£+ Ä<Ûës¡+>± Á_{°wüß bÕs¡¢yÓT+{Ÿ ÄyÓ÷~+∫q #·{≤ºìï, 1947 uÛ≤s¡‘· kÕ«‘·+Á‘·´ #·≥º+ nì n+{≤s¡T. Ç~ E˝…’ 18 ` 1947 qT+&ç neT\T˝ÀøÏ e∫Ã+~.

qeT÷Hê Á|üX¯ï\T

1. 1 qe+ãsY 1858q $ø√º]j·÷ eTVü‰sêDÏ Á|üø£≥q #·~$q Á_{Ïwt yÓ’dtsêjYT mes¡T? ». ø±ì+>¥ 2. 1813˝À Á|üy˚X¯ô|{Ϻq #ês¡ºsY #·≥º+ Á|üø±s¡+ uÛ≤s¡‘· <˚X¯+˝À $<ë´yê´|æÔøÏ πø{≤sTT+∫q yÓTT‘·Ô+ m+‘·? ». 1,00,000/- (1 \ø£å) 3. Ç+&çj·THé j·T÷ìe]‡{°\ #·{≤ºìï s¡÷bı+~+∫q Á_{Ïwt yÓ’ÁkÕjYT mes¡T? ». ˝≤sY¶ø£s¡®Hé 4. #Ûê¬s¢dt ñ&é $<ë´ìy˚~ø£qT @ dü+ˆˆ˝À düeT]Œ+#ês¡T? ». 1854dü+ˆˆ 5. @ #·≥º+ <ë«sê eT‘· ÁbÕ‹|ü~ø£ MT<ä Á|ü‘˚´ø£ ìjÓ÷»ø£ esêZ\qT Á|üy˚X¯ô|≥º&É+ »]–+~? ». 1909 $T+{À e÷πs¢ dü+düÿs¡D\T / 1909 uÛ≤s¡‘· XÊdüqdüuÛÑ\ #·≥º+ 6. 1919 uÛ≤s¡‘· Á|üuÛÑT‘·« #·≥º+ Á|üø±s¡+ πø+Á<ä+˝À ~«düuÛ≤ $<Ûëq+˝À >∑\ düuÛÑ\T @$? ». m>∑Te düuÛÑ/ sê»´düuÛÑ, ~>∑TedüuÛÑ/ XÊdüqdüuÛÑ, (Legislative Assembly)

7. yÓ÷r˝≤˝Ÿ HÓÁVüA sê»´+>∑ ìy˚~ø£ @ dü+ˆˆ˝À yÓ\Te&ç+~? ». Even before independence in 1928, Mothilal Nehru and eight other Indian National Congress leaders drafted the constitution for India.

8. düe÷K´ sêC≤´+>±ìøÏ nqT>∑TD+>± (1935 #·≥º+) Á|üuÛÑT‘·« |ü]bÕ\Hê+XÊ\qT mìï ‘·s¡>∑‘·T\T>± $uÛÑõ+#ês¡T? n$ @$? ». πø+Á<ä C≤_‘ê, sêÁwüº C≤_‘ê, ñeTà&ç C≤_‘ê.

(The central, state and concurrent units), 9. 1850 Hê{ÏøÏ uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚XÊìøÏ dü+ã+~Û+∫ eT÷&ÉT n~Ûø±s¡ |”sƒê\T @s¡Œ&ܶsTT n$ @$? ». ø£+ô|˙ &Ó’¬sø£ºs¡¢ dü+|òüT+ (Court of Directors), Á_{Ïwüß Á|üuÛÑT‘ê«ìøÏ ÁbÕ‹ì<Ûä´+ eVæ≤+#˚ uÀs¡T¶ Ä|òt ø£+Á{À˝Ÿ 10. u…+>±˝Ÿ sêÁwüº+˝À <ä«+<ä«bÕ\q neT\T˝À ñqï ø±\+ @~? ». 1765 ` 1772 �

16

Á‹tyÓ˛

.

—fƒÊ˝$–ÈyÊ˛ ∑ –ö˛$ÖVʸ‚Ê˝–ÈΔÊˇÖ 23 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

www.andhrajyothy com

HÔ≥Ô≥GÔ‹fi {Vʸ*ã≥- &1 Ì‹À∫ã‹ (–˛$Δˇ$$ب˛fi) PAPER-I - GENERAL ESSSAY Marks - 150 Medium: English/Telugu Time- 150 Minutes The candidates are required to attempt three essays, one from each of the three sections, in about 800 words each.

Objective: This paper is designed to test candidate's (i) knowledge / awareness of a variety of Subjects and (ii) their ability to compose a sustained piece of writing in the form of an essay.

Contents: i. Current affairs ii. Socio- political issues iii. Socio economic issues iv. Socio- environmental issues v. Cultural and historical aspects vi. Issues related to civic awareness vii. Reflective topics

Areas of Testing: This paper would test the following: 1. Ability to compose a well-argued piece of writing 2. Ability to express coherently and sequentially 3. Awareness of the subject chosen Evaluation / Marking: Credit will be given for the following: a. Observing established rules and format for essay writing b. Grammatical correctness of expression c. Originality of thought and expression.

PAPER — II: HISTORY, CULTURE AND GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA AND ANDHRA PRADESH

A .History and Culture of India: 1. Pre-Historic Cultures in India- Indus Valley Civilization- Vedic CultureMahajanapadas- Emergence of New Religions-Jainism, Buddhism- Rise of the Magadha and Age of the Mauryas- Ashoka Dharma- Foreign Invasions on India- The Kushans.

The Satavahanas, the Sangam Age in South India- the Sungas- the Guptas- the Kanauj and their Contributions- Historical Accounts of Foreign travelers- Early Educational Institutions.

2. The Pallavas, the Badami Chalukyas, the Eastern Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas, the Kalyani Chalukyas and the Cholas- Socio Cultural Contributions, Language, Literature Art and Architecture- Delhi Sultanates- Advent of Islam and its ImpactReligious Movements like Bhakti and Sufi and Its Influence.

Growth of Vernacular Languages, Scripts, Literature, Fine Arts- Socio Cultural Conditions of the Kakatiyas, the Vijayanagaras, the Bahmanis, the Qutubsahis and their cotemporary South

Indian kingdoms.

3. The Mughals Administration, SocioReligious life and Cultural developmentsShivaji and Rise of Maratha EmpireAdvent of Europeans in India.

Trade practices- Rise of East India Company its Hegemony- Changes in Administration, Social and Cultural spheres- Role of Christian Missionaries.

4 . Rise of British rule in India from 1757 to 1856Land Revenue Settlement, Permanent Settlement, Ryothvari and Mahalvari-1857 Revolt and its ImpactEducation, Press, Cultural changes- Rise of National Consciousness and ChangesSocio-Religious Reform Movements in 19th century- Rajaram Mohan Roy, Dayananda Saraswathi, Swamy Vivekananda, Annie Besant, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and others.

Rise of Indian Nationalism- Activities of Indian National Congress- Vandemataram, Home Rule Movements- Self Respect Movement- Jyothiba Phule, Narayana Guru, Periyar Ramaswamy Naicker- Role of Mahatma Gandhi, Subhash Chandra Bose, Vallabai Patel- Satyagraha- Quit India Movement- Dr B.R. Ambedkar and his Contributions.

5 . Indian Nationalism in three phasesFreedom Struggle 1885-1905, 1905-1920 and Gandhi Phase 1920-1947- Peasant, Women, Tribal and Workers MovementsRole of Different parties in Freedom Struggle- Local and Regional MovementsInter Religious Unity and Communalism.

Independence and Partition of India- India after Independence- Rehabilitation after partition- Linguistic Re-organization of States- Integration of the Indian StatesIndian Constitution- Economic policiesForeign Policy Initiatives.

B .History and Culture of Andhra Pradesh: 6. Ancient: The Satavahanas, the Ikshvakus, the Salankayanas, the Pallavas and the Vishnukundins- -Social and Economic Conditions- Religion, Language (Telugu), Literature, Art and ArchitectureJainism and Buddhism in Andhra.

The Eastern Chalukyas, the Rashtrakutas, the Renati Cholas and others- SocioCultural life, Religion- Telugu Script and Language, Literature, Art and Architecture.

7. Medieval: Socio- Cultural and Religious Conditions in Andhradesa 1000 to 1565 A.D.-Antiquity, Origin and Growth Telugu Language and Literature (KavitrayaAsthadiggajas)Fine Arts, Art& Architecture during the reign of Kakatiyas, Reddis, Gajapatis and Vijayanagaras and their feudatories.

Historical Monuments-Significance, Contribution of Qutubshahis to Andhra

History and Culture-Regional LiteraturePraja Kavi -Vemana and others.

8. Modern: European Trade Establishments in Andhra- Andhra Under the Company Rule- Role of Christian MissionariesSocio-Cultural, Literary Awakening- C.P. Brown, Thamos Munro, MackenzieZamindary, Polegary System- Native States and Little Kings.

Role of Social Reformers- Gurajada Apparao, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Raghupati Venkataratnam Naidu, Gidugu Ramamurthy, Annie Besant and othersLibrary Movement in Andhra PradeshRole of News Paper- Folk and Tribal Culture, Oral Traditions, Subaltern Culture, Role of women.

9. Nationalist Movement: Role of Andhra leaders- Justice Party, Non-Brahmin Movement- Nationalist and Revolutionary LiteratureGurram Jashva, Boyi Bheemanna, Sri Sri, Garimella Satyanarayana, Rayaprolu Subbarao, Unnava Lakshminarayana, Tripuraneni Ramaswamy Choudhary and others, Andhra Mahasabhas, Andhra Movementprominent leaders- Alluri Sitaramraju, Duggirala Gopalakrishnaiah, Konda Venkatappayya,Pattabhi Seetaramaiah, Ponaka Kanakamma, Dokka SitammaGrandhlaya MovementAyyanka Venkataratnam, Gadicherla Harisarvothamarao, Kasinanathuni Nagesvara Rao- Potti Sreeramulu Formation of Andhra State,1953Emergence of Andhra Pradesh,1956Andhra Pradesh 1956 to2014- Causes for Bifurcation, 2nd June 2014 Impact.

10. Andhra Pradesh: Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and its impact on Administrative, Economic, Social, Political, Cultural and Legal Implications- Loss of Capital City, Building of New Capital and its financial Implications- Division of Employees and their Native Issues- Effect of Bifurcation on Trade& Commerce, Industry – Implication of Financial Resources of State Government.

Developmental Opportunities- SocioEconomic, Cultural and Demographic impact of Bifurcation- Impact on River water sharing and other link issues- Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act.2014- the Arbitrariness of certain provisions.

C. Geography: India and Andhra Pradesh 11. Physical Features and Resources: India and Andhra Pradesh, Major land forms, Climatic changes, Soil types, Rivers, Water, Streams, Geology, Rocks, Mineral Resources, Metals, Clays, Construction Materials, Reservoirs, Dams —Forests, Mountains, Hills, Flora and fauna, Plateau Forests, Hill Forests, Vegetation

12.

13.

14.

15.

Classification.

Economic Geography : Agriculture, Live stocks, Forestry, Fishery, Quarrying, Mining, House hold Manufacturing, Industries — Agro, Mineral, Forest, Fuel and man power, Trade and Commerce, Communication, Road Transport, Storage and others.

Social Geography: Population Movements and Distribution, Human Habitations, Density, Age, Sex, Rural, Urban, Race, Caste, Tribe, Religion, Linguistic, Urban Migration, Education Characteristics.

Fauna and Floral Geography: Wild Animals, Animals, Birds, Reptiles, Mammals, Trees and Plants and others.

Environmental Geography: Sustainable Development, Globalization, Temperature, Humidity, Cloudiness, Winds, Special Weather Phenomena, Natural Hazards — Earth Quakes, Land Slides, Floods, Cyclones, Cloud Burst, Disaster Management, Impact Assessment, Environmental Pollution, Pollution Management.

PAPER III - POLITY, CONSTITUTION, GOVERNANCE, LAW AND ETHICS

(A) Indian Polity and Constitution: 1. Indian Constitution and its salient features - Functions and duties of the Indian Union and the State Governments.

2. Issues and challenges pertaining to the Federal structure - Role of Governor in States - Distribution of powers between the Union and States (Union list, State list and Concurrent list) — Issues and challenges.

3. Rural and Urban Local Governance under 73rd, 74th Constitutional Amendment - Constitutional Authorities and their Role.

4. Parliament and State Legislatures structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.

5. Judiciary in India - Structure and functions, important provisions relating to emergency and constitutional amendments, judicial review, Public Interest Litigation.

(B) Public Administration and Governance: 6. Meaning, Nature and Scope of Public Administration — Evolution in India — Administrative ideas in Kautilya's Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule.

7. Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues and problems of implementation.

8. Development processes - the role of civil society, NGOs and other stakeholders – 9. Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial authorities - Role of Civil Services.

10. Good governance and e-governanceTransparency, accountability and responsiveness in governance - Citizen's Charter. RTI, Public Service Act and their implications, Concept of Social Audit and its importance.

—$VʸôÈ ΔÛˇÁ≥sÏ˝ Á‹tyÓ˛ ı≥iÃZœ...

.

—fƒÊ˝$–ÈyÊ˛ ∑ –ö˛$ÖVʸ‚Ê˝–ÈΔÊˇÖ 23 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

www.andhrajyothy com

Á‹tyÓ˛

17

HÔ≥Ô≥GÔ‹fi {Vʸ*ã≥- &2 Ì‹À∫ã‹ (–˛$Δˇ$$ب˛fi) Paper - 1 GENERAL STUDIES AND MENTAL ABILITY 1. Events of national and international importance.

2. Current affairs- international, national and regional.

3. General Science and its applications to the day to day life Contemporary developments in Science & Technology and Information Technology 4. Social- economic and political history of modern India with emphases on Indian national movement.

5. Indian polity and governance: constitutional issues, public policy, reforms and e-governance initiatives.

6. Geography of India with focus on Andhra Pradesh.

7. Disaster management: vulnerability profile, prevention and mitigation strategies, Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in the assessment of Disaster 8. Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection 9. Logical reasoning, analytical ability and logical interpretation.

10. Data Analysis: Tabulation of data Visual representation of data Basic data analysis (Summary Statistics such as mean, median, mode and variance) and Interpretation.

11. Bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and its Administrative, Economic, Social, Cultural, Political and legal implications/problems.

Paper-II SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF ANDHRA PRADESH 1. Social and Cultural History of Andhra Pradesh: Geographical Features of Andhra – Its Impact on History and Culture – Prehistoric Cultures – The Satavahanas, The Ikshvakus – Socio-Economic and Religious Conditions – Literature, Art and Architecture – The Vishnukundins, The Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, Telugu Cholas– Society, Religion, Telugu Language, Literature, Art and Architecture.

2. Various Major and Minor dynasties that ruled Andhradesa between 11th and 16th centuries A.D. Socio- Cultural and Religious conditions in Andhradesa between 11th to 16th centuries A.D, Social Structure, Caste System, Status of Women.

Growth of Telugu Language, Literature, Art, Architecture and Painting.

3. Advent of Europeans- Trade centersAndhra under the Company– 1857 Revolt and its impact on Andhra- Establishment of British Rule- Socio-Cultural awakening, Justice Party/Self Respect MovementsGrowth of Nationalist Movement in Andhra

2.

3.

4.

between 1885 to 1947– Role of Socialists– Communists– Anti- Zamindari and Kisan Movements. Growth of Nationalist Poetry, Revolutionary Literature, Nataka Samasthalu and Women Participation.

4. Origin and growth of Andhra Movement- Role of Andhra MahasabhasProminent Leaders- Events leading to the formation of Andhra State 1953. Role of Press and News Papers in the Andhra Movement. Role of Library Movement and Folk & Tribal Culture 5. Events leading to the Formation of Andhra Pradesh State – Visalandhra Mahasabha – States Reorganization Commission and Its Recommendations Gentlemen Agreement – Important Social and Cultural Events between 1956 and 2014.

INDIAN CONSTITUTION 6. Nature of the Indian Constitution – Constitutional Development – Salient features of Indian Constitution – Preamble – Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy and their relationship Fundamental Duties, Distinctive features Unitary and Federal.

7. Structure and functions of Indian Government- Legislative, Executive and Judiciary- Types of LegislaturesUnicameral, Bicameral- Executive – Parliamentary, Judiciary- Judicial Review, Judicial Activism.

8. Distribution of Legislative and Executive Powers between the Union and the States; Legislative, Administrative and Financial

relations between the Union and the States– Powers and the Functions of Constitutional Bodies- UPSC, State Public Service Commissions, CAG and Finance Commission.

9. Centre- State relations- Need for ReformsRajmannar Committee, Sarkaria Commission, M.M. Punchchi Commission - Unitary and Federal features of Indian Constitution.

10. Amendment Process to the Constitution Centralization Vs Decentralization Community Development ProgramsBalwantray Mehta, Ashok Mehta Committees 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts and their Implementation.

11. Indian Political Parties- National, Regional- One Party, Bi-Party, Multi-Party SystemsRegionalism and SubRegionalism–Demand for New States - Sri Krishna Committee – National IntegrationThreats to Indian Unity.

12. Welfare Mechanisms in India-Provisions for Scheduled Castes, Tribes and Minorities, Reservations for SCs, STs and Backward Classes- Prevention of SCs and STs Atrocities Act- National and State SCs, STs and BCs Commissions, Women’s Commission, National and State Minorities Commissions – Human Rights Commission- RTI- Lokpal and Lok Ayukt.

Paper-III PLANNING AND ECONOMY 1. Indian Economy and present statusSocioEconomic Goals and Achievements – New economic reforms

5.

6.

7.

1991. Regulation of the Economy – Creation of regulatory bodies-NITI AayogCo operative Federalism and decentralization of financial resources – Lack of inclusive growth and sustainable development : causes, consequences and solutions.

Indian Economic Policies - Agricultural policies – Contribution of agriculture to India’s GDP – Issues of financing, production, marketing and distribution of agriculture.

Industrial policies– Main features of industrial development in India – sectoral composition – Roles of private and public sectors in employment , productivity – Role of IT industries in development.

Resources and Development - Types of resources – Physical capital and finance capital - Population- size, composition and growth–Trends; Occupational Distribution of Work force –Human Development Index as a measurement of development.

Demographic Dividend.

Money, Banking and Public Finance Monetary policy of RBI – Fiscal policy – Objectives – Fiscal Imbalance and Deficit Finance –New Foreign Trade Policy.

Current account imbalances; FDI. Inflation , its causes and remedies; Budget – taxes and non-tax revenue. Goods and Service Tax (GST) National Income- National Income and concepts – Gross Domestic Product – Net Domestic Product, Per capita income.

Economic Policies of Andhra Pradesh: Socio Economic welfare Programmes of Government of Andhra Pradesh.

Composition of Population in Andhra Pradesh – Rural – Urban, Sex Ratio, Age Distribution.

Agriculture and Industrial Growth of Andhra Pradesh Contribution of agriculture to income and employment in Andhra Pradesh. Land reforms in Andhra Pradesh - Cropping pattern – Irrigation Policy of Andhra Pradesh sources of agricultural finances -agricultural subsidies – public distribution system in Andhra Pradesh.

Industrial Development in Andhra Pradesh – Growth and structure of industries – – Incentives to industries – Industrial corridors in and SEZs in Andhra Pradesh Bottlenecks for industrial development – Power projects 8. Resource Development of Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Budgetary resources and constraints - Fulfillment of the conditions of A.P Bifurcation Act – central assistance and issues of conflict - public debt and projects of external assistance.

Andhra Pradesh State Gross Domestic Product – Comparison with India and neighboring States.

10

Á‹tyÓ˛

.

Q–ö˛$√Ö ∑ –ö˛$ÖVʸ‚Ê˝–ÈΔÊˇÖ 23 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

www.andhrajyothy com

The unprecedented economic growth of..

EN G LISH LA N G U A G E PRACTICE QUESTIONS Directions (Qs. 1 to 5):Pick out the most effective word from the given words to fill in the blank to make the sentence meaningfully complete.

1. The government is planning to set _________family welfare centers for slums in cities.

(1) another (2) with (3) for (4) in (5) up 2. Economic independence and education have____women more assertive.

(1) prepared (2) made (3) marked (4) resulted (5) adjusted 3. In the modern world the _____of change and scientific innovation is unusually rapid.

(1) supplies (2) context (3) pace (4) fantasy (5) requirement 4. The unprecedented economic growth of China has ___world wide attention (1) perceived (2) proposed (3) nether (4) astonished (5) attracted 5. Each business activity___ _employment t o people who would employment to people who would otherwise be unemployed.

(1) taking (2) finds (3) creates (4) provides (5) given Directions (Qs.6 to 15): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.

The importance of communication skills cannot be underestimated especially so in the teaching-learning process. Teaching is generally considered as only fifty percent knowledge and fifty percent interpersonal or communication skills. For a teacher, it is not just important to give a lecture rich in content that provides abundant information about the subject or topic in question, but a successful teacher develops and affinity with, an understanding of and a harmonious interrelationship with her pupils. Building rapport becomes her primary task in the classroom.

But what exactly is rapport? Rapport is a sympathetic relationship or understanding that allows you to look at the world from someone else's perspective. Making other people feel that you understand them creates a strong bond. Building rapport is the first step to better communication -the primary goal of all true educators. Communication skills for teachers are thus as important as their in-depth knowledge of the particular subject which they teach.To a surprising degree, how one communicates determines one's effectiveness as a teacher. A study on communication styles suggests that 7% of communication takes place through words, 38% through voice intonation and 55% through body language.

Much of teaching is about sending and receiving messages. The process of communication is composed of three elements: the source(sender, speaker, transmitter or instructor), the symbols used in the composing and transmitting of the message of the message(words or signs), and the receiver(listener, reader, or student). The three elements are dynamically interrelated since each element is dependent on the others for effective communication it take place. Effective communi-

cation is all about conveying your message to the other people clearly and unambiguously.

It's also about receiving information the others are sending to you, with as little distortion as possible. Doing this involves effort from both the sender and the receiver. And it's a process that can be fraught with error, with messages muddled by the recipient. When this isn't detected it can cause tremendous confusion, wasted effort and missed opportunity.

Good communication skills are a prerequisite for those in the teaching profession.

Carefully planned and skillfully delivered messages can issue invitations to students that school is a place to share ideas, investigate, and collaborate with others. Effective com-

(C) Receiving the information with as little ditrotion as possible (1) Only (A) and (C) (2) Only (B) (3) Only (A) (4) Only (C) (5) Only (B) and (C) 12. Which of the following is true about Rapport as per the passage?

(A) It is a sympathetic relationship (B) It is based on understanding of other people's frame of reference (C) it helps in creating a strong bond (D) It is important for teachers to build rapport with students.

(1) Only (A) and (B) (2) Only (B) and (D) (3) Only (A), (B) and (D) (4) Only (A), (B) and (C) (5) All are true 13. Which of the following must the teach-

BANK EXAMS SPECIAL

munication is essential for a well run classroom. A teacher, who is able to communicate well with student, can inspire them to learn and participate in class and encourage them to come forth with their views thus creating a proper rapport. Although this sounds simple and obvious, it requires much more than a teacher saying something out loud to a student. They must also realize that all students have different levels of strengths and weaknesses.

Directions (Qs.6&7): Choose the word which is most opposite in meaning to the word/s printed in bold as used in the passage.

6.

ABUNDANT (1) Small (2)Little (3) False (4) Sufficient (5) Rare 7. MUDDLED (1) Skillfully organized (2) Strongly controlled (3) Clearly conveyed (4) Isolated (5) Complicated Directions Qs.8 to 10): Choose the word which is most similar in meaning to the words printed in bold as used in the passage.

8. SOUNDS (1) Seems (2) Corrects (3) Noises (4) Takes (5) Silences 9. AFFINITY (1) partnership (2) Partiality (3) Weakness (4) Compatibility (5) Discord 10. DEGREE (1) Extent (2) Goal (3) Affect (4) Situation (5) Direction 11. Which of the following are essential for effective communication?

(A) Conveying the message clearly.

(B) Not to waste effort and opportunity.

ers keep in mind to facilitate learning in students as per the passage?

(1) To control the students such that they do not share ideas with others within the lecture hours.

(2) To maintain rapport with students and compromise on the course content.

(3) To realize that all students have different levels of strength and weakness.

(4) Only to keep the lecture rich in course content.

(5) To ensure that students adhere to her views only.

14. Which of the following are the three elements of communication as per the passage?

(1) Source, Signs and Students (2) Source, Sender and Speaker (3) Signs, Words and Students (4) Instructor, Listener and Reader (5) Transmitter, Student and Receiver 15. Which of the following is the finding of a study on communication styles?

(1) The body language and gestures account for 38% of communication and outweighs the voice intonation (2) Only 9 % communication is about content whereas the rest is about out tone and body language (3) The tone of our voice accounts for 55% of what we communicate and outweighs the body language.

(4) More than 90% of our communication is not about content but about our tone and body language (5) Teaching is fifty percent knowledge and fifty percent interpersonal or commu-

GWj-Mʸ*≈-sÏ˝–í˛ GÖºH CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$-ب˛ Cب˛-Ì‹t-r*≈-så˝ Bãú –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝ –ö˛${ßëã‹ GWjMʸ*≈sÏ˝–í˛ GÖºH yÏ˛{X {¥˘{V>-–í˛$ÃZ {Á≥–Û˛-‘È-∞Mϸ دsÏ˝-Ìú-MÛ¸-ÁŸ-ب˛ —yÊ˛$À ^Û˛Ì‹Ö® AΔÊˇ·ô˲:60 ‘ÈôË˛Ö –ö˛*ΔÊˇ$P-Àô¯ Hß˛OØÈ ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇfi yÏ˛{X M¯ΔÊˇ$fi E°¢-ΔÊˇ$~ÃÒ˝O EÖyëÕ. Mʸ±Á‹Ö –ö˛$*yÛ˛‚Ê˝œ AØ˲$-øÊ˝–ö˛Ö EÖyëÕ GÖÌ≥Mʸ: yÏ˛¥Î-Δäˇt-–˛$Öså˝ sÒ˝ã‹t ßë”Δ> Bب˛-ÃÒ˝O-ب˛-ÃZ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À Ô‹”Mʸ-ΔÊˇ-◊˝Mʸ$ _–ö˛« ôÛ˛©@ AM¯t-∫ΔÊˇ$ 31 –˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝: https://doms.iitm.ac.in/emba/

Gب˛-I-B-Δäˇ-yÏ˛ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ$ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛-Δ>-ªÍßä˛ Δ>gÙ˝Ö-{ßÊ˛-Ø˲-Vʸ-Δäˇ-ÃZ∞ ØÛ˛ÁŸ-Ø˲Ãå˝ Cب˛-Ì‹t-r*≈-så˝ Bãú ΔÊˇ*ΔÊˇÃå˝ y˛–ö˛-Àã-≥-–˛$Öså˝ AÖyä˛ Á≥Ö^È-ƒÊ˝$-°-Δ>gå˝ 2019&21 —ßë≈ Á‹Ö–ö˛-ô˲fi-Δ>-∞Mϸ V>Ø˲* MϸÖßÊ˛ ı≥ΔˆPØ˲≤ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÃZœ {Á≥–Û˛-‘È∞Mϸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$

nication skills.

Directions (Qs.16 to 25): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is 'No error', the answer s (5). (Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any) 16. The economic disparity(1)/has grown rapid in (2)/the era of globalization (3)/and free market forces.(4)/No error(5) 17. Research shows that people(1)/is more sensitive to perceiving(2)/messages that are consistent(3)/with their opinions and attitudes.(4)/No error(5) 18. Many poverty alleviation schemes(1)/are not applicable of (2) slum dwellers in metro cities(3)/as they are above the poverty line.(4)/No error(5).

19. Rather than considering its(1)/human capital as a grain on(2)/resources, India needs to (3)/resource develop its into a huge.(4)/No error(5) 20. The European nations have(1)/become one of the (2)/favourite destinations of the Indian students(3)/seek specialized knowledge and training, (4)/No error(5) 21. If a credit card bill(1)/is paid in full and(2)/on time, none finance(3)/charges are levied.(4)/No error(5) 22. Training have a(1)/positive effect on (2)/development of various(3)/skills and abilities.(4)/No error(5) 23. Lack of ability to(1)/real or write is just one of (2)/the all barriers that keep(3)/the poor people under developed.(4)/No error(5) 24. Science and technology have(1)/become dominant factors(2)/affecting out economic, cultural(3)/and spiritual development.(4)/No error(5) 25. A social business sells products(1)/at prices that make itself-sustaining, pays (2)/no dividends and reinvestment(3)/the profits in the business. (4)/No error(5)

T Sathaiah, Vikas Academy Answers 1) 5 2) 2 3) 3 4) 5 5) 4

6) 2 7) 1 9) 4 10) 1 11) 1

12) 5 13) 3 14) 1 15) 4 16) 2

17) 2 18) 2 19) 4 20) 4 21) 3

22) 1 23) 3 24) 3 25) 3

(—$VʸôÈ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$, Á‹–ö˛*´ßëØÈÀ$ ΔÛˇÁ≥sÏ˝ Á‹tyÓ˛ÃZ)

AyÏ˛√-ÁŸ-ب˛fi

B‡”-∞-›˘¢Ö®.

M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÀ$ ¥˘ã‹t {V>yÊ˛$≈-ƒÙ˝$så˝ yÏ˛¥˜œ–ö˛* Cب˛ ΔÊˇ*ΔÊˇÃå˝ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝& ΔÊˇ*ΔÊˇÃå˝ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝ (Ì≥h-yÏ˛-GÖ&-B-ΔäˇGÖ) –ö˛≈–ö˛´®: ΔˇÖyÛ˛-‚Ê˝ìœ(-Δˇ-Ì‹-y˛-∞¤-ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ {¥˘{V>–í˛$) AΔÊˇ·ô˲: 50 ‘ÈôË˛Ö –ö˛*ΔÊˇ$P-Àô¯ ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇfi yÏ˛{X E°¢-ΔÊˇ$~ÃÒ˝O EÖyë-Õ(-GÔ‹fi, GÔ‹t, ®–È≈Ö-Vʸ$-ÀMʸ$ 45 ‘ÈôË˛Ö –ö˛*ΔÊˇ$PÀ$ EÖsÙ˝ ^ÈÀ$). M>≈så˝/-V>j-så˝/-–ö˛*≈-så˝/-G-sÏ˝-GÖ-H/-Ì‹-–ö˛*≈så˝ ›˘PΔÊˇ$ EÖyëÕ. ¥˘ã‹t {V>yÊ˛$≈-ƒÙ˝$så˝ yÏ˛¥˜œ–ö˛* Cب˛ ΔÊˇ*ΔÊˇÃå˝ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝(-Ì≥-h-yÏ˛-B-Δäˇ-yÏ˛GÖ) –ö˛≈–ö˛´®: Hyë-®(-Δˇ-Ì‹-y˛-∞¤-ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ {¥˘{V>–í˛$) AΔÊˇ·ô˲@ Hß˛OØÈ ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇfi yÏ˛{X E°¢-ΔÊˇ~ô˲. M>≈så˝/-V>j-så˝/–ö˛*≈-så˝/-G-sÏ˝-GÖ-H/-Ì‹-–ö˛*≈så˝ ›˘PΔÊˇ$ EÖyëÕ.

Bب˛-ÃÒ˝O-ب˛-ÃZ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢Mʸ$ _–ö˛« ôÛ˛©: 2019 H{Ì≥Ãå˝ 8 –˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝: http://www.nird.org.in/

.

Á‹tyÓ˛

Q–ö˛$√Ö ∑ –ö˛$ÖVʸ‚Ê˝–ÈΔÊˇÖ 23 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

www.andhrajyothy com

11

Dudhwa National Park is located in which state?

General Awareness 1) Who are the winners of 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (Officially known as The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel) for work on climate change and sustainable growth?

1) William Nordhaus (USA) 2) Paul Romer (USA) 3) Richard Thaler (USA) 4) Both 1 and 2 5) All of the above 2) Who is the only Indian so far to win Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics....

1) Jagdish Bhagwati 2) Bimal Jalan 3) Raghuram Rajan 4) C.Rangarajan 5) Amartya Sen 3) The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by a Sweden's central bank Sveriges Riksbank and first awarded in 1969. Who were the first recipients of this prize?

1) Ragnar Frisch (Norway) & Jan Tinbergen (Netherlands) 2) Wilhelm Rontgen (Germany) 3) Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (Netherlands) 4) Emil Adolf von Behring (Germany) 5) Henry Dunant (Switzerland) & Frederic Passy (France) 4) Who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win twice and also the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences?

1) Marie Curie (Poland & France) 2) Rosalind Franklin (UK) 3) Lise Meitner (Austria & Sweden) 4) Rachel Louise Carson (USA) 5) None of the above 5) Who is the first and only woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economics?

1) Aung San Suu Kyi (Myanmar) 2) Shirin Ebadi (Iran) 3) Wangari Maathai (Kenya) 4) Malala Yousafzai (Pakistan) 5) Elinor Ostrom (USA) 6) The Union Government has reconstituted Security Policy Group (SPG) under chairmanship of National Security Advisor to assist National Security Council (NSC) in strategising on matters dealing with external, internal and economic security of the country. Who is the current National Security Advisor?

1) Rajiv Mehrishi 2) Ranjan Gogoi 3) Ajit Doval 4) K.K.Venugopal 5) Rajiv Kumar 7) Nikki Haley resigned on 9th October 2018 from the position of……..

1) USA Ambassador to India 2) USA Ambassador to the United Nations 3) Secretary of State, USA 4) Secretary of Defence, USA 5) None of the above 8) What is currency of Myanmar?

1) Bhat 2) Yen 3) Won 4) Kyat 5) Ringgit 9) Match List I (Name of the Person) with List II (Company associated with) and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List I List II A) Venugopal Dhoot i. Sun Pharmaceuticals B) Kushal Pal Singh ii. Tata Sons C) Natarajan iii. DLF Chandrasekaran

D) Dilip Shanghvi iv. Videocon Codes: A B C D 1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 2) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii) 3) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) 4) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) 5) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) 10) Saikhom Mirabai Chanu is associated with which of the following games?

1) Boxing 2) Archery 3) Weightlifting 4) Javelin Throw 5) Shooting 11) Who are Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad?

1) The winners of Nobel Physics Prize 2018 2) The winners of Nobel Chemistry Prize 2018 3) The winners of Nobel Medicine Prize 2018 4) The winners of Nobel Peace Prize 2018 5) The winners of Nobel Economics Prize 2018 12) Where is the headquarters of New Development Bank (NDB)?

4) London 5) New York 19) Match following: Public Sector Bank Head Quarters A) Bank of India i) Mumbai B) Allahabad Bank ii) Kolkata C) Indian Bank iii) Chennai D) Vijaya Bank iv) Bengaluru A B C D 1) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) 2) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii) 3) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 4) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii) 5) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) 20) India has been elected to the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC).The headquarters of UNHRC is in.....

1) Geneva 2) New York 3) Vienna 4) Brussels 5) None of the above 21) Which is the largest bank in India by market capitalization?

1) HDFC Bank 2) Kotak Mahindra Bank 3) SBI 4) ICICI Bank 5) None of these 22) Which is the India's largest private sector lender by assets?

FOR ALL COMPETITIVE EXAMS

1) New York 2) Geneva 3) Manila 4) Shanghai 5) None of the above 13) Who is Barham Ahmed Salih?

1) The President of Iran 2) The President of Syria 3) The President of Iraq 4) The President of Maldives 5) None of the above 14) Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Russian president Vladimir Putin signed the $5.43 billion deal on 5th October 2018 for the supply of S-400.

What is S-400?

1) Nuclear powered Sub Marine 2) Surface-to-Air missile defence system 3) Air-to-Air missile defence system 4) Surface-to-Surface missile defence system 5) None of the above 15) Which of the following cup/trophy is related to Tennis?

1) Davis Cup 2) Rovers Cup 3) Wisden Trophy 4) Uber Cup 5) Subroto Cup 16) Dudhwa National Park is located in which state?

1) Gujarat 2) Rajasthan 3) Madhya Pradesh 4) Uttar Pradesh 5) None of these 17) Who is Satya Paul Malik?

1) The Governor of Maharashtra 2) The Governor of Bihar 3) The Governor of Rajasthan 4) The Governor of Madhya Pradesh 5) The Governor of Jammu and Kashmir 18) The World Economic Forum (WEF) is best known for its annual meeting in the city of 1) Geneva 2) Vienna 3) Davos

1) ICICI Bank 2) HDFC Bank 3) AXIS Bank 4) Kotak Mahindra Bank 5) None of these 23) Match the following: Private MD & CEO Sector Bank A. ICICI Bank i) Sandeep Bakhshi B. HDFC Bank ii) Aditya Puri C. AXIS Bank iii) Amitabh Chaudhry D. Kotak iv) Uday Kotak Mahindra Bank A B C D 1) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i) 2) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 3) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) 4) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv) 5) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii) 24) India's first-ever India-Israel Innovation Centre (IIIC), an entrepreneurial technology hub, was launched in…..

1) New Delhi 2) Mumbai 3) Kolkata 4) Chennai 5) Bengaluru 25) India's rank in Human Capital Index (HCI) 2018, released by World Bank?

1) 95th 2) 105th 3) 115th 4) 125th 5) 135th 26) Which of the following is the world's largest plastic waste Generator, according to Green Peace?

1) Coca Cola 2) PepsiCo 3) Nestle 4) Amazon 5) None of these 27) The book "The Paradoxical Prime Minister: Narendra Modi And His India" has been authored by…..

ØÛ˛ÁŸ-Ø˲Ãå˝ CØå˛-Ì‹t-r*≈så˝ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-À-i

1) Arun Jaitley 2) Shashi Tharoor 3) Narendra Modi 4) Rahul Gandhi 5) None of these 28) Who is Tushar Mehta?

1) The Comptroller & Auditor General A.Ravi Prakash Reddy of India Senior Faculty 2) The Attorney General of India 3) The Solicitor General of India 4) The Advocate General of India 5) None of the above 29) Prashant Kumar is the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of.....

1) RBI 2) SBI 3) ICICI Bank 4) PNB 5) HDFC Bank 30) Jeremy Lalrinnunga is the winner of India's first Gold Medal at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He is associated with……

1) Shooting 2) Badminton 3) Weightlifting 4) Tennis 5) None of these 31) Sandeep Chaudhary is the winner of India's first gold medal at the 2018 Jakarta Asian Para Games. He is associated with……

1) Golf 2) Hockey 3) Javelin Throw 4) Chess 5) None of these 32) Who is Bashar al-Assad?

1) The President of Sudan 2) The President of Turkey 3) The President of Syria 4) The President of Iran 5) None of the above 33) Damascus is the capital of…..

1) Sweden 2) Norway 3) Portugal 4) Syria 5) None of these 34) World Students' Day is observed on……

1) 15th September 2) 15th October 3) 15th November 4) 15th December 5) None of these 35) Which of the following country is NOT a member country of Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)?

1) India 2) Thailand 3) Malaysia 4) Vietnam 5) Indonesia

Answers 1) 4 2) 5 3) 1 4) 1 5) 5 6) 3 7) 2

8) 4 9) 4 10) 3 11) 4 12) 4 13) 3 14) 2

15) 1 16) 4 17) 5 18) 3 19) 3 20) 1 21) 1

22) 2 23) 2 24) 5 25) 3 26) 1 27) 2 28) 3

29) 2 30) 3 31) 3 32) 3 33) 4 34) 2 35) 1

BØå˛-ÃÒ˝OØå˛ «h-ı‹â-ÁŸØå˛ M¯Á‹Ö :

https://applyadmission.net/NIFT2019/

AyÏ˛√-ÁŸ-ب˛fi

ØÛ˛ÁŸ-Ø˲Ãå˝ CØå˛-Ì‹t-r*≈så˝ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-À-i(∞ãút) ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇ, Ô≥i M¯ΔÊˇ$fi-ÀMʸ$ دsÏ˝-Ìú-MÛ¸-ÁŸØå˛ —yÊ˛$ßÊ˛À ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. ƒÊ˝$*i {¥˘{V>-–í˛$-À$:-ªÍ≈-_-ÀΔäˇ Bãú yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ (ƒÊ˝*M¸fi-Á‹» yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ Mʸ–˲$*≈∞ MÛ¸ÁŸØå˛, ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, ∞så˝-–Û˛Δäˇ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, ÃÒ˝ßÊ˛Δäˇ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, sÒ˝Mä¸fi-sÒ˝OÃå˝ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛), ªÍ≈_-ÀΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài (A¥Î-ΔˇÃå˝ {¥˜yÊ˛-ÑʸØå˛) Ô≥i {¥˘{V>-–í˛$À$: –˲*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛, –˲*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝, –˲*Á‹tΔäˇ Bãú ∏Î≈ÁŸØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài BØå˛-ÃÒ˝OØå˛ «h-ı‹â-ÁŸ-Øå˛Mʸ$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: 2018 yÏ˛Ú‹Ö-∫Δäˇ 28 Δ>ô˲ Á≥»-ÑʸMʸ$ ôÛ˛©: 2019 fØ˲-–ö˛« 20(B®-–ÈΔÊˇÖ) –˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝ : www.nift.ac.in

GyÊ˛$≈-MÛ¸-ÁŸ-ب˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài AÖyä˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝

ÚflO˝ßÊ˛-Δ>-ªÍ-ßä˛-ÃZ∞ IM>Δäˇ ØÛ˛ÁŸ-Ø˲Ãå˝ AM>-yÊ˛“$ Bãú A{W-Mʸ-ÀaΔÊˇÃå˝ »Ú‹Δäˇa –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Öså˝, ƒÊ˝$*∞-–ö˛-«fisÓ˝ Bãú ÚflO˝ßÊ˛-Δ>-ªÍßä˛ Á‹ÖƒÊ˝$$-M>¢-´ßÊ˛”-ΔÊˇ≈ÖÃZ ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝-Á‹$¢Ø˲≤ ¥˘ã‹t {V>yÊ˛$≈-ƒÙ˝$så˝ yÏ˛¥˜œ–ö˛* Cب˛ GyÊ˛$≈-MÛ¸-ÁŸ-Ø˲Ãå˝ sÒ˝M>≤-Ài AÖyä˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-gå˝-–˛$Ö-så˝(Ì≥-h-yÏ˛&-C-sÏ˝GÖ) دsÏ˝-Ìú-MÛ¸-ÁŸ-ب˛ –˛À$-–ö˛-yÏ˛Ö®. C® Hyë® –ö˛≈–ö˛´® EØ˲≤ ßÊ˛*ΔÊˇ-—ßÊ˛≈ M¯ΔÊˇ$fi AΔÊˇ·ô˲: ¥˘ã‹t {V>yÊ˛$≈-ƒÙ˝$-ÁŸ-ب˛ ÃÙ˝ßë yÏ˛{X E°¢-ΔÊˇ~ô˲. ΔˇÖyÛ˛‚Ê˝œ AØ˲$-øÊ˝–ö˛Ö EÖyëÕ. ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢Mʸ$ _–ö˛« ôÛ˛©: Ø˲–ö˛Ö-∫ΔÊˇ$ 30 –˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝: https://naarm.org.in/home/

ntnews.com

ntadilabad.com

CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM Continue from Oct 22th

7

 23,  2018- 

When ammonia is dissolved in water?

Krupakar pendli

Centre Head Urbane junior colleges

7893774888

INTERMEDIATE s p e c i a l J U N I O R

ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

10

 23,  2018- 

ntnews.com

ntadilabad.com

   ? 

  ,  .

/

�� �� �� � � � . � ���  �� �. ...

1. � (Mouth) 2.  (Buccal cavity) 3.  (Pharynx) 4. � �� (Oesophagus) 5. � (Stomach) 6.  (Small intestine) 7.  (Large Intestine) 8. � (Anus)

     , ,  9989535675



   . �   ,   �. � � � �  .



� � ��  �.  ��  ��    � .  ‘�’ �.  � �� �  � �� .  � �. � �  �  ��     �  , � � �. �  �,  ��  �  �.

�� �.  �   �   �.  � ��  .  � ��   � .  �   �    �, �� ��  .  ��   �.



 �   �. �� �  (��), �  (��),  (�� �) �  �.    ��   � �  � (��) �. �� � �  � � � � (�) �. �� �� � �/� �, �� � � � � � �.  � 32 � � �. � �� 4 � �. ..  �, , �, �.   ��  � �. �  ��  �� �� ,    �� �, �, � �� � ��. �� 3 � �� � (� �� 21  �) �.  � � �.   ��  �  , , , .  � �. �� � 2123/2123= 32�,  � � �� 2102/2102=20� .

 

� � � � �.       �, �    �   �,   �   �  ��. �  �    � � .      ‘�� �’ (�� ) �.   ��  � (�) � .  �   � . � �  

2.  3.  ���, �� �  � �. ��  ��  (Glottis) �� . �� � � (Epiglottis) ��  �  � �. �  � ��  � ��.   (Tonsils- � �) � �.     (�),   �  ,     .



  � �. ,  �   �� � ��  .  - � ���/  ��� �� � � .

INTERMEDIATE s p e c i a l S E N I O R



� �   ��.    �� ‘’  � ��  . � �� �  �  �� �� (�) �. � � �� �  (Taste buds) �.   3   . ...

1. � ���-  � � � �  � 2. � ���- � �� � 3.   �� �- � ��/ �� �� �

 

  . ��� �� .   . �, ��� ��.



 ( ) ��   � .  �, � � �.    . ...

1. ��



. �  � � � .

 

���  � ��  �.    . ...

1. � 2. �� 3. �



  ��    �   . �  �    � �� �� �  (  ) �.    .



� ��� .  ���, ��, ���, ����  . �� ��  �� � �.



�� � �� .  , � � �. �    . � , �, � �  �.  �  � ���   � � � ��   .

 , �    � �.  ‘J’ �� .   ���   � �   .  3   .

1. � �-  � ��. � ��� .

2.  �-   �.   �.

3.   �-  �.  �    �� .   �  �    �� � ‘  ’ .



 ��� �� ��  �.  � ��� . ...

1. � 2.  3. � �� �, � ��   , ���     � �. �� �-��



�� ��� � � �� .  � � , � �     �. �   ��, � �   ��  �.  �� � � �� �  ��  �.

12 eT+>∑fi¯yês¡+ 23.10.2018 ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é

The ratio of the speed of the train to that of the cars is?

Competitive Exams Special Arithmetic

1) The average age of four boys, five years ago was 9 of all the five is 15 years. The present age of the new boy is 1. 22 years 2. 24 years 3. 21 years 4. 19 years 2) P, Q and R can do a piece of work in 18,24 and 36 days on the second day and P on the third day, again R on the fourth day and so on. Then in how, many days will the work be completed?

1. 25 2. 24 3. 22 4. 20 3) The sale price of an article including the sale tax is Rs. 616. The rate of sale tax is 10% . If the shopkeeper has made a profit of 12%, the cost price of the article is 1. Rs 500 2. Rs 515 3. Rs 550 4. Rs 600 Explanation – 110% of S.P. = 616 S.P. = Rs.(616 x 100/110) = Rs.560.

C.P. = Rs (100/112 x 560) = Rs 500 4) If the S.P of Rs.40 results in a 20% discount on list price. What S.P would result in a 30% discount on list price?

1. Rs18 2. Rs20 3. Rs35 4. Rs27

their present ages in years?

1.14 2.16 3.18 4.12 Explanation Let one year ago Shyam’s age be 4X years And, Asha’s age be 3X years Present age of Sam = (4X + 1) years Present age of Ash= (3X + 1) years One year hence Shyam’s age = (4X + 2) years Asha’s age = (3X + 2) years According to question, [4X + 2] divide by [3X + 2] = 5 / 4 16X + 8 = 15X + 10 or, X = 2 Sum of their present ages = 4X + 1 + 3X + 1 = 7X + 2 = 7 x 2 + 2 = 16 years.

7) P and Q started a partnership business investing some amount in the ratio of 3:5. R joined them after six months with an amount equal to that of Q. In what proportion should the profit at the end of one year be distributed among P, Q and R? 1. 5:8:10 2. 6:10:5 3. 6:4:10 4. 10:6:3 Explanation

Explanation Let the list price be Rs. x 80/100x = 40 => x = 40 x 100/80 = 50 ? Required S.P. = 70% of Rs. 50=Rs.35 5) A batsman in his 17th innings makes a score of 85, and thereby increases his average by 3. What is his average after 17 innings?

1. 30 2. 37 3. 40 4. 45 Explanation Let the average after 16th innings be a, then total score after 17th innings => 16a+85 = 17 (a+3) a = 85-51 = 34 Average after 17 innings = a + 3 = 34 + 3 = 37 6) One year ago the ratio between Shyam and Asha’s age was 4:3.

One year hence the ratio of their ages will be 5:4. What is the sum of

Let the initial investments of P and Q be 3a amd 5a. P : Q : R = (3a x 12) : (5a x 12) : (5a x 6) = 36 : 60 : 30 = 6 : 10 : 5.

8) P and Q invest in a business in the ratio 3 : 2. If 5% of the total profit goes to charity and P’s share is Rs. 855, the total profit is: 1.Rs. 1435 2. Rs. 1500 3.Rs. 1538 4.Rs. 1580 Explanation: Let the total profit be Rs. 100.

After paying to charity, A’s share = Rs. 95 x 3/5 = Rs. 57.

If A’s share is Rs. 57, total profit = Rs. 100.

If A’s share Rs. 855, total profit =(100/57) x 855 = 1500.

9) 8 men and 4 women-together can complete a piece of work in 6 days.

Work done by a man in one day is double the work done by a woman

in one day. If 8 men and 4 women started working and after 2 days, 4 men left and 4 new women joined, in how many more days will the work be completed?

1) 7 days 2) 6 days 3) 5 days 4) 8 days 1 man = 2 women 8 men + 4 women = 20 women 2 day's work of 20 women = 20 × 6/1 = 20 × 2/x x =1/3 Remaining work = 1 – 1/3 = 2/3 Total number of females = 16 20 × 6/1 = 16 × x ÷2/ 3 x = 5 days Short Cut M1D1=M2D2+M3D3 10x6 =10x2 + 8 x 60-20= 8x x= 5 days 10) A two digit number is such that the sum of the digits is 11.When the number with the same digits is reversed is subtrac ted from this number, the difference is 9. What is the number?

1. 23 2. 24 3. 65 4. 14 Explanation: let the number be written as xy x-ten’s place y units place x+y=11 ……1 (10x+y) - (10y+x)=9 10x+y-10y-x=9 9x-9y=9 x-y=1……….2 Add (1) & (2) 2x=12 x=6, y=5 the number is 65 11) The average monthly expenditure of a family was Rs. 2200 during the first 3 months; Rs. 2250 during the next 4 months and Rs. 3120 during the last 5 months of a year. If the total savings during the year were Rs. 1260, then the average monthly income was: 1) Rs. 2605 2) Rs. 2680 3) Rs. 2705 4) Rs. 2745 Total expenditure for first 3 months = 2200 × 3 = Rs 6600 Total expenditure for next 4 months = 2250 × 4 = Rs9000 Total expenditure for last 5 months = 3120 × 5 = Rs 15600 Total expenditure = 6600 + 9000 + 15600 =Rs 31200 Total income = expenditure + savings = 31200 + 1260 = Rs 324060 Average monthly income = 32460/12 = Rs 2705 12) It takes eight hours for a 600 km journey, if 120 km is done by train and the rest by car. It takes 20 minutes more, if 200 km is done by train and the rest by car. The ratio of the speed of the train to that of the cars is?

1) 2 : 3 2) 3: 2 3) 3 : 4 4) 4 : 3 Let the speed of the train be x km/hr

dæ. Á|üø±XŸ ¬s&ç¶ yÓT<äø˘, bò˛Hé: 9440783828 and that of the car be y km/hr.

Then, 120/x+480/y= 8 1/x+4/y=1/15 ....(i) And, 200/x+400/y=25/3 1/x+2/y=1/24 ....(ii) Solving (i) and (ii), we get: x = 60 and y = 80. Ratio of speeds = 60 : 80 = 3 : 4.

13) Mr. Sachin spent 20% of his monthly income on food and 15% on children’s education. 40% of the remaining he spent on entertainment and transport together and 30% on the medical. He is left with an amount of Rs.8, 775/- after all these expenditures. What is Mr. Sachin’s monthly income ?

1) Rs.50,000/2) Rs.46,000/3) Rs.36, 000/4) None of these Let the total income of Mr.Sachin be 100 According to question, 100 – 20 –15 = 65 65 × 60/100 × 70/100 = 27.3. = 100/27.3 × 8775 = Rs. 32142 14) The profit earned after selling a Laptop for Rs.1,754/- is the same as loss incurred after selling the article for Rs.1,492/-. What is the cost price of the article?

1) Rs. 1,239/2) Rs. 1,456/3) Rs. 1,786/4) Rs. 1,623/Let the C.P. of a Laptop = Rs. X 1754 - x = x - 1492 2x = 3246 x = 3246 / 2 = 1623 15) 196, 200, 209, 234, 283, 404, 573, 1) 872 2 )840 3)884 4)862 Explanation: add square of prime no. in each step 4,9,25,49,121,so on 16) Two, trains, one from Howrah to Patna and the other from Patna to Howrah, start simultaneously. After they meet, the trains reach their destinations after 9 hours and 16 hours respectively. The ratio of their speeds is: 1). 1: 2 2). 4 : 3 3) 7 : 8 4) 3 : 4 Explanation: Let us name the trains as A and B. Then, trick formula (A’s speed) : (B’s speed) = square root of b: square-root of a =square-root of 16:square-root of 9 = 4:3.

17) a/3=b/4=c/7 then find (a+b+c)/c.

1)7 2)2 3)1/2 4)1/7 Explanation: (3+4+7)/7=>14/2=2.

1.4 6.2 11.3 16.2

2.2 7.2 12.3 17.2

KEY 3.1 8.2 13.4

4.3 9.3 14.4

5.2 10.3 15.4

B|æø£ ù|J\ô|’ MT n_ÛÁbÕj·÷\qT, dü\Vü‰\qT e÷≈£î ‘Ó*j·TCÒj·T+&ç.

dipika.navatelangana 21@gmail.com

ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é

eT+>∑fi¯yês¡+ 23.10.2018 13

|üs¡«‘·sêE>± #·]Á‘·ø±s¡T\T me]ì ù|s=ÿ+{≤s¡T? 1. uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À Á|ü‘·´ø£å mìïø£\T @ #·≥º+ <ë«sê ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑeTjÓT´qT? m) 1909 #·≥º+ _) 1919 #·≥º+ dæ) 1935 #·≥º+ &ç) 1947 #·≥º+ 2. á øÏ+~ yê{Ï˝À $<ä´≈£î dü+ã+~Û+#·ì ø£$T{° @~? m) sê© _) ÁkÕºN dæ) kÕ&É¢sY &ç) #ê¬s¢dte⁄&é 3. Á<äe´eTT/ ø£¬s˙‡øÏ dü+ã+~Û+∫q ø£$T{° @~? ˝Ò<ë ø£$TwüHé @~? m) bòÂ\sY ø£$TwüHé _) d”ÿHé ø£$TwüHé/ ø£$T{° dæ) #ê{Ÿ |ò”˝Ÿ¶ ø£$TwüHé &ç) >±¬sHé ø£$TwüHé 4. X‚«‘· $|ü¢e+qT nD∫y˚dæq u…+>±˝Ÿ >∑es¡ïsY »qs¡˝Ÿ mes¡T? m) &É˝ÖΩdæ _) sêãsYº¬ø’¢yé dæ) yÓ\¢d”¢ &ç) *Hé*‘Y>√ 5. ˝≤Vü≤√sY dü+~Û ø£s¡Ô mes¡T? m) m*¢Hé ãs√ _) Ä≈£î´˝≤+&é dæ) y˚TjÓ÷ &ç) Vü≤]¶+CŸ-II m) |üPD… _) sêjYT>∑&Ûé 6. eVü≤; ñ<ä´eT+ @ yÓ’ÁkÕjYT ø±\+˝À ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑ dæ) ø=˝≤Ω|üPsY &ç) |ü⁄s¡+<ÛäsY eTjÓT´qT? 11. ª|üs¡«‘·sêEµ>± #·]Á‘·ø±s¡T\T me]ì ù|s=ÿ+ m) ˝≤sY¶ m*®Hé _) ø±ì+>¥ {≤s¡T? dæ) *≥ºHé &ç) C≤Hé ˝≤¬sHé‡ m) sêD≤ dü+>∑T&ÉT _) •yêJ 7. >∑+&ÉeTø˘ dü+~Ûø£s¡Ô mes¡T? dæ) |üèB∏«sêCŸ #ÍVü‰Hé &ç) sêC≤ C…’dæ+>¥ m) &ÉÁ|òæHé _) ˝≤sY¶ *≥ºHé 12. Á|üø£≥q m - uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯+˝À b˛s¡TÃ^düT\ Á|ü<∏äeT dæ) u…+{Ï+ø˘ &ç) ˝≤sY¶ $T+{Ÿ sê»<Ûëì ªø=∫ÃHéµ Á|üø£≥q _ - ‘·÷s¡TŒ rs¡+˝À b˛s¡TÃ^düT yê]øÏ >∑\ @¬ø’ø£ es¡Ôø£ kÕúes¡+ ªø√˝Ÿø£‘êµ m) m, _ ¬s+&É÷ dü¬s’qy˚ _) m, _ ¬s+&É÷ dü]ø±e⁄ dæ) m dü¬s’q~, _ dü¬s’q~ø±<äT &ç) _ dü¬s’q~, m dü¬s’q~ ø±<äT 13. #Ó’Hê‘√ e÷Á‘·y˚T es¡Ôø£ ø±s¡´ø£˝≤bÕ\qT ìs¡«Væ≤+∫q j·T÷s√|æj·THé es¡Ô≈£î\T mes¡T? 8. á øÏ+~ yêìì es¡Tdü Áø£eT+˝À neTs¡Ã+&ç? m) d”«&é‡ _) kÕ«ìj·÷sY¶‡ 1) e÷<Ûäesêe⁄ 2) C≤;sêe⁄-II dæ) &˚Hé‡ &ç) Á_{°wt 3) u≤˝≤J $X¯«Hê<∏é 4) Hêsêj·TDsêe⁄ 14. u≤\´ $yêVü‰\ ìùw<Ûä #·≥º+ @ Á_{°wt >∑es¡ïsY m) 4, 1, 2, 3 _) 2, 1, 3, 4 »qs¡˝Ÿ ø±\+˝À #˚XÊs¡T? dæ) 3, 1, 4, 2 &ç) 1, 2, 3, 4 m) $*j·T+ u…+{Ï+ø˘ _) ˝≤sY¶ >∑˝ÖΩdæ 9. Á|üø£s¡D m - |òüs¡÷ø˘≈£î yÓ’<ä´+ #˚dæq Ä+>∑¢ dæ) ˝≤Hé‡ &ÍHé &ç) ˝≤sY¶ $T+{À yÓ’<äT´&ÉT ªVü≤=$T\ºHéµ 15. 18e X¯‘êã›+ Hê{Ï dæú‹>∑‘·T\qT e]í+∫q Á|üø£s¡D _ - s¡+^˝≤ _s¡T<äT ªeTVü≤à<écÕµ nqT ªdüj·T÷sY ñ˝Ÿ eTT‘·ø£Ø+µqT s¡∫+∫q~ mes¡T? yÓTT>∑˝Ÿ sêE≈£î ø£\<äT m) Ä]|òt ÄVü≤à<é _) >∑T˝≤+ VüQùd‡Hé m) m ‘·|ü, _ ˇ|ü _) m ˇ|ü, _ ‘·|ü dæ) HêdæsY ñùd‡Hé &ç) cÕãTB›Hé dæ) m, _ ¬s+&É÷ ‘·|ü &ç) m, _ ¬s+&É÷ ˇ|ü 16. u≤¢ø˘ Vü≤√˝Ÿ <äTs¡È≥q mø£ÿ&É »]–+~?

10. u≤˝≤J u≤Jsêe⁄ ø±\+˝À eTVü‰sêh Á|üuÛÑT‘·« m) eTÁ<ëdüT _) &ÛÜø± πø+Á<ä+ @~? dæ) ne<é &ç) ø£\ø£‘êÔ

b˛{° |üØø£å\ Á|ü‘˚´ø£+

uÛ≤s¡‘·<˚X¯ #·]Á‘·

University of Central Lancashire Merit Scholar ship Category: International Level Scholarship: University of Central Lancashire Merit Scholar ship for January 2019, UK Description: University of Central Lancashire, UK is inviting applications from Indian graduate students who are looking forward to pursuing post-graduation from UK in Management, Engineering and Law courses. The call made is to study in the university campus of Central Lancashire.

Eligibility: The applying candidate must have 58% aggregate in the graduation degree, with minimum 6.0 band in each section and overall score of 6.5 band in IELTS for

kÕÿ\sYwæ|t‡ English language proficiency. As an alternative to the proficiency eligibility, candidates with 70% in English subject in class 12 might also be considered.

Prizes & Rewards: Upto GBP 3000 scholarship and GBP 300 as early payment discount will be offered to the eligible candidate. UCLan also offers 24 months duration Masters degree programme (with optional upto 12 months internship).

24*7access to high quality learning resource from the University’s library.

Last Date to Apply: December 14, 2018 Application: Applications are accep

ùwø˘ düj·T´<é $Tj·÷

ñkÕàìj·÷ $X¯«$<ë´\j·T+ bò˛Hé: 9652748580

17. 18e X¯‘êã›+˝À Ä<ÛäTìø£ HÍø±<äfi≤ìï düeT≈£Ls¡Ã &ÜìøÏ Á|üj·T‹ï+∫q uÛ≤s¡rj·T bÕ\≈£î&ÉT mes¡T? m) ôV’≤<äsê© _) {Ï|üdüT˝≤ÔHé dæ) ø£èwüísêE &ç) <˚esêCŸ 18. MTsY C≤|òüsY @ yê´~ÛÁ>∑düTÔ&ÉT? m) ≈£îwüߺ _) ø£åj·T dæ) bÕ]ÿHédüHé &ç) eT÷s¡Ã 19. u…+>±˝Ÿ qT+∫ 1758-1765 eT<Ûä´ ø±\+˝À m+‘· dü+|ü<äqT ã~© #˚XÊs¡T? m) düTe÷s¡T 8 $T*j·THé bÂ+&é‡ _) düTe÷s¡T 6 $T*j·THé bÂ+&é‡ dæ) düTe÷s¡T 4 $T*j·THé bÂ+&é‡ &ç) düTe÷s¡T 9 $T*j·THé bÂ+&é‡ 20. 1853˝À ø£yêõ HêHêuÛ≤jYT yÓTT≥ºyÓTT<ä{Ï ã≥º\ $T\T¢qT mø£ÿ&É kÕú|æ+#ÓqT? m) eTÁ<ëdt _) dü÷s¡‘Y dæ) ø£\ø£‘êÔ &ç) ôV’≤Á<ëu≤<é 21. |òædüÿ˝Ÿ ø£$TwüHéqT m|ü&ÉT @sêŒ≥T #˚XÊs¡T? m) 1916 _) 1917 dæ) 1918 &ç) 1920 22. uÛ≤s¡‘· $<ë´ ø£$TwüHé - 1882 n<Ûä´≈£åî\T mes¡T? m) XÊ&É¢sY _) yÓTø±˝Ò dæ) &Éã÷¢´.&Éã÷¢´.Vü≤+≥sY &ç) <∏ëeTdtsê´© 23. ªsêCŸ yÓ÷Vü≤Hé‡ yÓ’|òtµ nH˚ Ä+>∑¢ qe\qT s¡∫+∫+~ mes¡T? m) düs√õ˙ Hêj·TT&ÉT _) sƒê>∑÷sY ted online only.

Website link: http://www.b4s.in/nava/UOC3 Marubeni India Meritorious Scholarship Category: Merit cum Means Based Scholarship: Marubeni India Merito rious Scholarship 2018-19 Description: To support students studying in Kerala at the time of distress caused by natural disaster, Marubeni India is offering scholarships up to 100 talented, bright and needy students for their higher education post class 12.

Eligibility: The applying candidate must have more than 65% marks in class 12 from anywhere in India in the academic session of 2017-18 and must be pursuing full-time higher

dæ) ã+øÏ+#·+Á<ä #·≥Ø® &ç) {Às¡T<ä‘Y 24. yês¡HéùV≤dæº+>¥‡ 1781˝À ªeT<äsꇵqT mø£ÿ&É HÓ\ø=˝≤Œs¡T? m) u§+u≤sTT _) ø£\ø£‘êÔ dæ) |üPD… &ç) n\Vü‰u≤<é 25. sêC≤sêyÓ÷àVü≤HésêjYT u…+>±˝Ÿ˝À mìï Á>∑+<∏ë\T s¡∫+#ês¡T? m) düTe÷s¡T 10 _) düTe÷s¡T 20 dæ) düTe÷s¡T 30 &ç) düTe÷s¡T 50 26. Ä<ÛäTìø£ u…+>±© >∑<ä´ s¡#·q≈£î |æ‘êeTVüQ&ÉT mes¡T? m) $*j·T+ CÀHé‡ _) sêC≤sêyÓ÷àVü≤HésêjYT dæ) áX¯«s¡#·+Á<ä $<ë´kÕ>∑sY &ç) $*j·T+ πø] 27. dæbÕsTT\ ‹s¡T>∑Tu≤≥T ø±\+˝À ªÁ_õdtU≤~sYµ @ ÁbÕ+‘·+˝À ‹s¡T>∑Tu≤≥T≈£î Hêj·Tø£‘·«+ eVæ≤+#ÓqT? m) ;Vü‰sY _) ø±q÷ŒsY dæ) s¡a≤˙‡ &ç) \ø√ï 28. á øÏ+~ yê]˝À mes¡T Á_{°wt yê]ô|’ eTT+<äT>± ‹s¡T>∑Tu≤≥T #˚XÊs¡T? m) U≤d”\T _) s¡+bÕ dæ) eTT+&Ü\T &ç) dü+‘ê\T\T 29. @ –]»q ‹s¡T>∑Tu≤≥T‘√ ªdü+ãT<ÛëHéµ eTT&ç|ü&ç ñ+~? m) >√+&é _) ø£#·Hê>∑ dæ) dü+‘ê\T &ç) ˇsêHé 30. 1920\˝À ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑyÓTÆq nø±© ñ<ä´eT Á|ü<Ûëq \ø£å´+ @~? m) dæ≈£îÿ eT‘·+˝À eT÷&ÛÜ#êsê\qT ‘=\–+#·&É+ _) >∑Ts¡T<ë«sê\ ìs¡«Vü≤DqT #·ø£ÿ~<ä›&É+ dæ) dæ≈£îÿ dü+|òü÷ìï Ä<ÛäT˙ø£]+#·&É+ &ç) dæ≈£îÿ\ sê»ø°j·T ˝øå±´\qT kÕ~Û+#·&É+ 1.m 6._ 11._ 16.&ç 21.&ç 26.dæ

2._ 7._ 12.dæ 17._ 22.dæ 27.&ç

düe÷<ÛëHê\T 3.m 8.dæ 13.dæ 18.m 23.dæ 28.dæ

4._ 9.&ç 14.dæ 19._ 24._ 29._

5.&ç 10.m 15._ 20._ 25.dæ 30._

education in any under-graduate, professional or technical program from state or UGC recognised institution in Kerala. Family in come of the applicant must not be more than INR 4 Lakh p.a. and must not be availing any other scholarship more than INR 6,000 p.a.

Prizes & Rewards: INR 40,000 will be given to each selected scholar in single instalment.

Last Date to Apply: November 15, 2018 Application Mode: Applications can be made online only.

Website link: http://www.b4s.in/nava/MIM4 Courtesy: www.buddy4study.com / Call: 08448709545, 08527484563

13 ÷ªÙÞœüŒî¦ô¢Ù 23 ÍÚÁdñô¢ª 2018 email: help@eenadupratibha.net

þ§ÙíƇªÚÛ, ÷ªêŸ ú£Ùú£\ô¢é Ñë]u÷«õª Ð-øŒy-ô¢-àŸÙvë] Në¯u-þ§-Þœô s1820n-91z Ð-óŸªì 1820ö˺ òËμÙÞ¥-öËÀ-ö˺E Oô¢ú‡ÙíÆ£ª Íû¶ vÞ¥÷ªÙö˺ áEtÙ-à¦ô¢ª.- êŸì ú£Ùú£\”êŸ þ§ï‡°B ví£AòÅ¡ ÷õx ÚÛõ-ÚÛê¦h ú£Ùú£\”êŸ ÚÛü °-ø‹õ ìªÙ# -cNë¯u-þ§-ÞœôÂeÍû¶ Gô¢ª-ë]ªìª Ð-Ð-øøŒyŒy-ô-ô¢-à¢-àŸÙŸÙvë]vë] ð»Ùë¯ô¢ª.- úˆY Në¯u-GÅNë¯u-þþ§-§-ÞÞœôœô  Në¯u÷”-CÌÄÚ¨, NêŸÙ꟪ Nî¦ï£„õª àŸåd-ñë]ÌÄÙ Ú¥÷è¯-EÚ¨ ÚÛ”ù‡ à¶ø‹ô¢ª.- ÚÛõ-ÚÛê¦h îμªvæ˺ ð§L-åû ÚÛü°-ø‹-õìª þ§–í‡Ù-à¦ô¢ª.- -cNêŸÙ꟪ Nî ¶-ÚÛ÷³e- Íû¶ vÞœÙëǯEo ô¢#Ùà¦ô¢ª.- êŸì ÚÛª÷«-ô¢ª-è…Ú¨ NêŸÙ-꟪-÷±êÁ Nî¦ï£°Ù áJ-í‡Ùà¦ô¢ª.- ÏêŸè… ÚÛ”ù‡ íÆ£L-êŸÙ-Þ¥û¶ 1856ö˺ NêŸÙ-꟪-÷±ìª Nî¦ï£°Ù à¶ú£ª-ÚÛªìo ÷uÚ¨hÚ¨ Îú‡h ÚÛª\ìª ÚÛLpÙචàŸæ°dEo è[ö®|úˆ à¶ø‹ô¢ª.- Në¯u þ§Þœ-ô¢ªè[ª -còËμÙÞ¥öËÀ àŸJvêŸe-, -cú£êŸªp-ô¢ª-ù£ªõ àŸJvêŸe-, -cúˆê¦ ÷ì-î¦-ú£÷³e- vÞœÙëǯõìª ô¦ø‹ô¢ª.- ÐóŸªì ô¢«ð»Ù-CÙ-#ì òËμÙÞ¥M vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ î¦àŸÚÛÙ Ïí£p-æ¨Ú© î¦è[ª-ÚÛö˺ ÑÙC.- 1856, è…šúÙ-ñô¢ª 7ì ë¶øŒÙ-ö˺û¶ îμ³ë]æ¨ NêŸÙ꟪ Nî¦-Eo ÚÛõ-ÚÛ-ê¦hö˺ áJí‡Ù-à¦ô¢ª.- 1856n-60 ú£Ù÷-êŸq-ô¦õ ÷ªëÅ]u Në¯u-þ§-Þœ-ô¢ªè[ª ú£ª÷«ô¢ª 20 NêŸÙ꟪ Nî¦--õìª áJ-í‡Ù-à¦ô¢ª.1849ö˺ úˆY Në¯u-GÅ-÷”-CÌÄÚ¨ þ§–í‡Ù-#ì òËμëÇ]«-Eû ð§ôÈ¢-ø‹õÚÛª Ú¥ô¢u-ë]-J)Þ¥ ÚÛ«è¯ í£E-à¶-ø‹ô¢ª.- òËμÙÞ¥-öËÀ-ö˺E ø‹ÙAí£²ô à¶û¶êŸ Ú¥Jt-ÚÛªõª <ô¢ ÍÙàŸªšíj -cNë¯u-þ§-Þœ-ô¢ªè[ª ÷JÌÄõªx Þ¥ÚÛe- ÍE û¶ø‹-ô¢å.- ÍÙêŸæ¨ Þ•í£p þ§ÙíƇªÚÛ ú£Ùú£\ô¢h Në¯uþ§Þœ-ô¢ªè[ª.-

ô¢àŸô³êŸ ò˹êŸq û¦Þœô¦V Íú‡šúdÙæÀ vð»šíÆú£ôÂ

â°BóŸª àμjêŸìu þ§ô¢ëÇ]ªõª!

19÷ øŒê¦ñÌÙö˺ Ú•Ùë]ô¢ª þ§ÙíƇªÚÛ ú£Ùú£\ô¢hõª úˆY Në¯u-GÅ-÷”-CÌÄÚ¨, NêŸÙ꟪ Nî¦-õìª àŸåd-ñë]ÌÄÙ à¶ô³ÙàŸè¯EÚ¨ ÓÙêÁ ÚÛ”ù‡ à¶ø‹ô¢ª. íÆ£LêŸÙÞ¥ NêŸÙ꟪÷±ìª à¶ú£ªÚÛªìo¬ î¦JÚ¨ Îú‡hÚÛª\ìª ÚÛLpÙචàŸådÙ ÷#aÙC. ÷ªJÚ•Ùë]ô¢ª ë¶÷ë¯úˆ ÷u÷ú£– Eô¢«tõìÚÛª Ñë]uNªÙà¦ô¢ª. ÏÙÚ•Ùë]ô¢ª ÓûÁo Íû¦ëÇ] øŒô¢é°õóŸ«õìª Ôô¦påª à¶ø‹ô¢ª. Ïö° â°BóŸª àμjêŸû¦uEÚ¨ þ§ô¢ëÇ]ªõªÞ¥ ELà¦ô¢ª. Íô³ê¶ Ôó¶ª ú£Ùú£\ô¢éõª Ó÷JÚ¥õÙö˺ áJÞ¥ô³, î¦æ¨E Íìªú£JÙ# ÷#aì àŸæ°dõª ÔNªæ¨ ÷Ùæ¨ Nù£óŸ«õšíj ð¼æ© í£K¤¥ô¢ª–õª Í÷Þ¥ï£°ì šíÙàŸªÚÁî¦õÙç˶ ví£ê¶uÚÛ ÍëÅ]uóŸªìÙ Í÷ú£ô¢Ù. ö˺E Nô¢-â°-ìÙë] þ§yNª ÷ë]Ì î ¶ë¯-ö˺xE ú£ê¦uEo þ§yNª êμõª-ú£ª-ÚÛª-û¦oô¢ª.- Îô¢u ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ú£÷«áÙ êŸô¢-íÆ£±ì 10 ú£ô¢-ú£yA ú£«vê¦-õìª ï‡°ÙD òÅ°ù£ö˺ ví£à¦ô¢Ù à¶ø‹ô¢ª.Ú¥F ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ú£ô¢ú£yA ú£Ùú£\”êŸ òÅ°ù£-ö˺û¶ êŸì ô¢àŸ-ìõª à¶ø‹ô¢ª.- cú£ê¦uô¢– ví£Ú¥-PÚÛe- Íû¶ ví£ú‡ë]ÌÄ vÞœÙëǯEo ô¢#Ùà¦ô¢ª.- -cô¢ª¸Þyë] òÅ°ù£u òÅ¡«NªÚÛe- Íû¶ vÞœÙëǯEo ÚÛ«è¯ ô¦ø‹ô¢ª.- 1882ö˺ ÞÁô¢¤Ûé ú£òÅ¡ìª þ§–í‡Ù-à¦ô¢ª.- -cî ¶ë¯-õÚÛª ÷ªô¢-õÙè…e- (Go Back to Vedas) Íû¶ Eû¦-ë¯Eo Ïà¦aô¢ª.- -còÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ òÅ°ô¢B-óŸ³-õ¸Úe- ÍE ví£ÚÛ-æ¨Ù-à¦ô¢ª.ÏêŸô¢ ÷ªê¦-ö˺xÚ¨ î μRxì Ùë]ª-÷±-õìª AJT Ùë]« ÷ªêŸÙ-ö˺ڨ Bú£ª-ÚÛª-ô¦-÷-è¯-EÚ¨ øŒ‰CÌÄ Ñë]u-÷«Eo vð§ô¢Ù-GÅÙà¦ô¢ª.- -cÎÙ¸Þx-óŸ³õ ìªÙ# ví£òÅ¡ªêŸyÙ ÚÛÙç˶ òÅ°ô¢-B-óŸ³õ ú£yí£-J-ð§-õì ÷ª·ôÙêÁ ÷ªÙ#Ce- ÍE î¦uÝ°u-EÙ-à¦ô¢ª.1883ö˺ ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ú£ô¢-ú£yA ÷ªô¢éÙ êŸô¦yêŸ 1886ö˺ ö°ï£°Ëº-ôÂö˺ ë]óŸ«-ìÙë ÎÙÞÁx î ¶CÚ ÚÛü°-ø‹-õìª þ§–í‡Ùà¦ô¢ª.- þ§yNª vøŒë¯ÌÄ-ìÙë] û¦óŸª-ÚÛ-êŸyÙö˺ Îô¢u ú£÷«áÙ Ú•ì-þ§-TÙC.- Ú¥F 1892ö˺ Îô¢u ú£÷«áÙ Þœªô¢ª-ÚÛªõ, ÚÛü°-

Ú¥E›údñªöËÀq & Óšúj¬q îμªô³ûÂq ÎëÅ]ªEÚÛ òÅ°ô¢êŸë¶øŒ àŸJvêŸ ø‹õ ÷ô¦_-õªÞ¥ <L-ð¼-ô³ÙC.- Þœªô¢ª-ÚÛªõ ÷ô¦_-EÚ¨ þ§yNª vøŒë¯ÌÄ-ìÙë] û¦óŸª-ÚÛêŸyÙ ÷Ù-àŸÞ¥, ÚÛü°-ø‹õ ÷ô¦_-EÚ¨ ö°ö° ìq-ô¦âËÀ, øŒóŸªì ë¯úÃ, ö°ö° õá-í£-A-ô¦-óÀªõª û¦óŸª-ÚÛêŸyÙ ÷Ù-à¦ô¢ª.- þ§yNª vøŒë¯ÌÄ-ìÙë] Íú£õª ›íô¢ª ÷³F{ ô¦îª.- Þœªô¢ª-ÚÛªõ ÷ô¢_٠J-ë¯yô ¸ÚÙvë]ÙÞ¥ Ú¥ÙU NøŒy-N-ë¯u-õ-óŸ«Eo þ§–í‡Ù#, ›ú÷õª Ú•ì-þ§-TÙ-àŸÞ¥, ÚÛü°ø‹õ ÷ô¢_Ù ö°ï£°Ëºô ¸ÚÙvë]ÙÞ¥ í£E-à¶-ú‡ÙC.- û¦æ¨ Îô¢u ú£÷«á ÚÛ”ù‡E, Ñë]u÷ª ví£à¦-ô¦Eo Þœ÷ª-EÙ-#ì ví£÷³Ü ÎÙÞœx ð§vA-¸Ú-óŸ³õª î¦öËμÙ-çËμjû #ôÁöËÀ sçËμjîªq í£vAÚÛz cvGæ¨ùà þ§ô¢y-òÅ®-÷«-CÅ-Ú¥-ô¦-EÚ¨ Îô¢u ú£÷«âËÀ ví£÷«-C-Ú¥J Ú¥Þœ-õë]ªe- ÍE ›íô•\-û¦oè[ª.- šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë ¸ÚÙvë]ÙÞ¥ Îô¢u ú£÷«-âËÀìª ìè…-í‡ÙC þ§yNª ô¦÷«-ìÙ-ë]-Bô¢–.- šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ë Eâ°Ù ô¦áuÙö˺ Îô¢u ú£÷«âËÀ þ§ÙíƇªÚÛ, ÷ªêŸ ú£Ùú£\-ô¢é-õêÁ-ð§åª â°BóŸª àμjêŸ-û¦uEo ÚÛ«è¯ ví£à¦ô¢Ù à¶ú‡ÙC.þ§yNª Nî ¶-Ú¥-ìÙ-ë]ªè[ª Ñí£-E-ù£-꟪h-õÚÛª, ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ú£ô¢ú£yA î ¶ë¯-õÚÛª ÍCÅÚÛ vð§ëů-ìu-Nª-à¦aô¢ª.-

ÎÙ-vëůö˺ vñt ú£÷«áÙ vñt ú£÷«á ›ú÷õìª ë]¤¨é òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶ø‹-EÚ¨ ¸ÚøŒ÷ àŸÙvë]-›úû Nú£hJÙ#ìåªxÞ¥ ›íô•\Ù-æ°ô¢ª.1878ö˺ ÷ªìo÷ ñªàŸaóŸªu í£Ù꟪õª vñt ú£÷«-áÙö˺ à¶ô¦ô¢ª.ÑêŸhô¢ ú£ô¦\ô¢ª vð§Ùê¦-EÚ¨ àμÙCì ô¦â° Þœá-í£- ÚÛÙë]ª-ÚÛ«J O¸ô-øŒ-LÙޜ٠A-ô¦÷± ëÅ]ì ú£ï£„óŸªÙêÁ vñt-ú£-÷«á ÷ªÙC-ô¦Eo Ôô¦påª à¶ø‹ô¢ª.ô¢íÆ£³-í£A î ¶ÙÚÛ-å-ô¢êŸoÙ û¦óŸ³è[ª Ú¥Ú¨-û¦-è[-ö˺E í‡ôȦ-í£±ô¢Ù ô¦â° ÚÛü°-ø‹õ sí‡.-ÎôÂ. -ÚÛü°-ø‹õz ví£ëůû¦-à¦-ô¢ªu-è…Þ¥ í£E-à¶ú‡ ÍÚÛ\è[ vñt ú£÷«á ú‡ë¯ÌÄÙê¦õª, ú£Ùú£\-ô¢-é-õìª ví£à¦ô¢Ù à¶ø‹ô¢ª.- vñt-ëÅ]ô¢t ví£à¦-ô¢ÚÛ ECÅE Ôô¦påª à¶ø‹ô¢ª.- Ú¥Ú¨-û¦-è[ö˺ vñt ÷ªÙCô¢Ù, Íû¦ëÇ] øŒô¢-é°-õ-óŸ«-õìª þ§–í‡Ù-à¦ô¢ª.þ§ÙíƇªÚÛ øŒ‰CÌÄ Ñë]u-÷«Eo vð§ô¢Ù-GÅÙ# ë¶÷-ë¯úˆ ÷u÷ú£– Eô¢«t-õ-ìÚÛª ÚÛ”ù‡ à¶ø‹ô¢ª.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ ô¦á÷ªÙvè… ¸ÚÙvë]ÙÞ¥ vñt ú£÷«á ›ú÷-õìª ÍÙCÙ#ì ÷uÚ¨h ÚÛÙë]ª-ÚÛ«J O¸ô-øŒ-LÙÞœÙ.- ÐóŸªì Þ•í£p ú£ÙíÆ£ª ú£Ùú£\ô¢h, ô¢àŸ-ô³êŸ, ð§vA-¸Ú-óŸ³è[ª.- úˆY Në¯uGÅ-÷”-CÌÄÚ¨, NêŸÙ-꟪-÷±õ Ñë]ÌÄ-ô¢-éÚÛª @N-ê¦ÙêŸÙ ÚÛ”ù‡ à¶ø‹ô¢ª.- êŸ-Ú¥-Jé© ú£÷«áÙ, NêŸÙ꟪ øŒô¢-é°-õóŸªÙ, ò°LÚ¥ ð§ôÈ¢-ø‹-õõª ûμõ-Ú•Lp ÎÙÞœx ví£òÅ¡ª-êŸyÙêÁ cô¦÷± ñ-ë]«ÌôÂe- Gô¢ª-ë]ªìª ð»Ùë¯ô¢ª.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ë¶øŒÙö˺ ê•L NêŸÙ꟪ Nî¦-Eo 1881, è…šúÙ-ñô¢ª 11ì ô¦á-÷ªÙ-vè…ö˺ áJ-í‡Ù-à¦ô¢ª.-

vð§-ô¢–û¦ ú£÷«âËÀ s1867z Î-ê¦tô¦Ù ð§Ùè[ª-ô¢ÙÞœ 1867ö˺ ò˹Ùò°-ô³ö˺ vð§ô¢–û¦ ú£÷«âËÀìª þ§–í‡Ù-à¦ô¢ª.- ÓÙ.->.-ô¢ìè˶, ÎôÂ.->.-òÅ¡Ùè¯-ô¢\ôÂõª þ§–í£ÚÛ ú£òÅ¡ªu-õªÞ¥ Ñû¦oô¢ª.- Oô¢ª ÷ªêÁ-ë]ÌÄ-ô¢é ÚÛÙç˶, ú£ÙíÆ£ª ú£Ùú£\-ô¢-éÚÛª ÍCÅÚÛ vð§ëů-ìu-Nª-à¦aô¢ª.- Ú¥Jt-ÚÛª-õÚÛª, ÷ªï‡°-üŒ-õÚÛª ô¦vA ð§ôÈ¢-ø‹-õìª ûμõ-Ú•Lp Në¯u-GÅ-÷”-CÌÄÚ¨ ÚÛ”ù‡ à¶ø‹ô¢ª.- ÓÙ.->.-ô¢ìè˶ -cë]ÚÛ\û Óè[ªu-¸Ú-ù£-ìöËÀ þ»šújæ©eE þ§–í‡Ù#, NêŸÙ꟪ Nî¦ï£° ú£ÙíÆ£«Eo ûμõ-Ú•-ö°pô¢ª.vð§ô¢–û¦ ú£÷«âËÀ ÷´õ ú£«vê¦-õÚÛª N÷-ô¢é ÚÛLpÙ-#ÙC ÓÙ.->.-ô¢ìè˶.- vð§ô¢–û¦ ú£÷«âËÀ ÷ªï‡°ü° NòÅ°-ÞœÙö˺ í£Ùè…êŸ ô¢÷«-ò°ô³ ú£ô¢-ú£yA NøË™ù£ ÚÛ”ù‡ à¶ú‡ÙC.- ÚÁþ§h ÎÙvëůö˺ ÚÛ«è¯ vð§ô¢–û¦ ú£÷«áÙ vð§àŸª-ô¦uEo ð»ÙCÙC. -sê¦ô¦àŸÙë ô¦ú‡ì vÞœÙëÇ]Ùö˺ vð§ô¢–û¦ ú£÷«â°Eo þ§–í‡Ù#ÙC 1867 ÍE, êμõªÞœª ÍÚ¥è[Oª í£±ú£hÚ¥ö˺x 1869 ÍE ví£àŸªJêŸîμªi ÑÙC.z î¦ú£h-î¦-EÚ¨ ò˹Ùò°-ô³ö˺ ÷ªêŸ ú£Ùú£\-ô¢-éÚÛª 1840ö˺û¶ XÚ¥ô¢Ù àŸªæ¨dì ú£Ùú£– í£ô¢-÷ª-Ùú£ ÷ªÙè[L.í£Pa÷ª òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ îμ³ë]æ¨ ú£ÙíÆ£ª ú£Ùú£\-ô¢hÞ¥ ›íô•ÙCì ÞÁð§öËÀ J-ë¶-øËÂ-÷³ÝËÀ Ð ú£Ùú£– ë¯yô¦ ú£ÙíÆ£ª ú£Ùú£\ô¢-éÚÛª ÚÛ”ù‡-à¶-ø‹ô¢ª.- ÐóŸª-ì ö˺ÚÛ--êŸ-î¦C Íû¶ Gô¢ªë]ª ð»Ùë¯è[ª.- ÐóŸªì NvÞœ--ô¦-ëÅ]ì, ÷ô¢g ÷u÷-ú£–-õÚÛª ÷uA¸ô-ÚÛÙÞ¥ ð¼ô¦-è¯ô¢ª.- -cí£±ôÁ--꟪õª ÷ªï£„ Íí£-N-v꟪õª.í£Ùè…-꟪õª í£±ôÁ--꟪-õ-ÚÛÙç˶ vòÅ¡ù£ªdõª, Íâ°‘-ìªõª, ÍÙÚ¥-ô¢ªõª.- ÷«ì-÷±-õÙê¦ ú£÷«-ìª-õF, ví£A ÖÚÛ\-JÚ© â°‘û¦Eo ú£Ùð§-CÙචÚÛª\ ÑÙë]E î¦üŒ‰x Îîμ«-CÙ-à¦LeÍE î μõª-·Þ-Ah-à¦-æ¨ì ÷uÚ¨h ÞÁð§öËÀ Jë¶øËÂ÷³ÝËÀ.-

Îô¢u ú£÷«áÙ Îô¢u ú£÷«-â°Eo 1875, Ôví‡öËÀ 10ì ò˹Ùò°-ô³ö˺ þ§yNª ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ú£ô¢-ú£yA þ§–í‡Ù-à¦ô¢ª.- ë]óŸ«-ìÙ-ë]ªè… Íú£õª ›íô¢ª ÷´öËÀ øŒÙÚÛôÂ.- ÐóŸªì 1824ö˺ Þœªá-ô¦êÂö˺ Ñìo îμ³Jy vð§ÙêŸÙö˺ åÙÚ¥ô Íû¶ vÞ¥÷ªÙö˺ áEtÙ-à¦ô¢ª.- øŒ”Ù¸ÞJ ÷ªôȦ-EÚ¨ àμÙCì í£ô¢-÷«-ìÙë] ú£ô¢ú£yA ÷ë]Ì D¤Û úˆyÚÛ-JÙ#, ú£û¦u-ú‡Þ¥ ÷«ô¦è[ª.- êŸì ›íô¢ªìª ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ú£ô¢-ú£y-AÞ¥ ÷«ô¢ªa-ÚÛª-û¦oô¢ª.- ÷ªëÇ]ª-ô¢-

2)

÷«CJ ví£øŒoõª

ÐøŒy-ô¢-àŸÙvë] Në¯u-þ§-Þœô ô¦÷ª-àŸÙvë] Në¯u-î¦-Uùà 4) ¸ÚøŒ-÷-àŸÙ-vë]-›úû 9.- Ú¨ÙC ÍÙø‹-õìª áêŸ-à¶-óŸªÙè….iz vð§ô¢–û¦ ú£÷«áÙ Óz 1897 iiz Îô¢uú£÷«áÙ Gz 1867 iiiz ô¦÷ª-ÚÛ”ù£g Nªù£û ú‡z 1875 iv) vñtú£÷«áÙ è…z 1828 1) i-Ó, ii-G, iii-ú‡, iv-è…

2) i-G, ii-Ó, iii-è…, iv-ú‡ 3) i- G, ii-ú‡, iii-Ó, iv- è…

4) i-è…, ii-ú‡, iii-G, iv-Ó 10.- ú£ÙÞœ-ê -ú£òÅ¡/- ú£ÙUêŸ ú£òÅ¡ìª þ§–í‡Ù-#ÙC? 1) ¸ÚøŒ÷ àŸÙvë]-›úû 2) Îê¦tô¦Ù ð§Ùè[ª-ô¢ÙÞœ 3) ô¦â° -ô¦-îμ«t-ûÂô¦óÀª 4) ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ú£ô¢-ú£yA 11.- ÎÙvëÅ]-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ ê•L NêŸÙ꟪ Nî¦ï£°Ù áJ-Tì ê¶C? 1) 1881 è…šúÙ-ñô¢ª 11 2) 1882 ì÷Ù-ñô¢ª 11 3) 1856 è…šúÙ-ñô¢ª 7 4) ÔD-Ú¥ë]ª 12.- òËμÙÞ¥M vð§ëÇ]-NªÚÛ î¦àŸ-Ú¥Eo ô¦ú‡-ÙC? 1) ¸ÚøŒ÷ àŸÙvë]-›úû 2) ÐøŒyô¢àŸÙvë] Në¯u-þ§-Þœô 3) þ§yOª ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ú£ô¢-ú£yA 4) ô¦â° -ô¦-îμ«t-ûÂô¦óÀª 13.- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ NêŸÙ꟪ Nî¦-õª àŸåd-ñë]ÌÄÙ à¶óŸª-è¯-EÚ¨ ÚÛ”ù‡ à¶ú‡ìî¦ô¢ª?

1) ÐøŒyô¢àŸÙvë] Në¯u-þ§-Þœô 2) ¸ÚøŒ-÷-àŸÙ-vë]-›úû 3) ô¦â° -ô¦-îμ«t-ûÂô¦óÀª 4) þ§yOª ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ú£ô¢-ú£yA 14.- Ð Ú¨ÙC ÍÙø‹-õìª áêŸ-í£-ô¢aÙè….

3)

1. 1815

-

ö˺ ô¦â°- ô¦-îμ«t--ûÂ-ô¦óÀª þ§–í‡Ù-#ì ú£Ùú£–?

1) vñt-ú£-÷«áÙ 2) vñt-ú£òÅ¡ 3) ÎBt-óŸª-ú£òÅ¡ 4) ÔD Ú¥ë]ª 2.- vñt-ú£-÷«-áÙö˺ <LÚÛ Ôô¢p-è…ì ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù?

1) 1865 3.

2) 1866

3) 1891

4) 1892

- -cî ¶ë¯-õÚÛª ÷ªô¢-õÙè…e- Íû¶ Eû¦-ë¯Eo Ï#aÙC? 1) ô¦â° ô¦-îμ«t-ûÂô¦óÀª 2) þ§yNª ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ú£ô¢-ú£yA 3) þ§yNª Nî ¶-Ú¥-ìÙë] 4) þ§yNª vøŒë¯ÌÄ-ìÙë] 4.- -cܪô¦û î μjí£±-ìÚÛª ÷ªô¢-õÙè…e- ÍìoC Ó÷ô¢ª?

1) ìî¦òËÀ ÍñªÌöËÀ õBíÆà 2) ú£ô ú£óŸªuë Ítë ݰû 3) ô¢ùˆë ޜÙÞÁ-î¦ö° 4) ù£J-óŸª-꟪ö°x 5.- -c÷«ì-÷-›úî ¶ ÷«ëÅ]-÷-›ú÷e- Eû¦ë]Ù Ô ú£Ùú£–ÚÛª àμÙCÙC? 1) vñtú£÷«áÙ 2) Îô¢uú£÷«áÙ 3) vð§ô¢–û¦ ú£÷«áÙ 4) ô¦÷ª-ÚÛ”ù£g Nªù£û 6.- -còÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶øŒÙ òÅ°ô¢-B-óŸ³-õ¸Úe- Íû¶ Eû¦-ë¯Eo Ï#aÙC? 1) þ§yNª Nî ¶-Ú¥-ìÙë] 2) þ§yNª ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] 3) ô¦÷ª-ÚÛ”ù£g í£ô¢-÷ª-Ùú£ 4) ÷³F{ô¦Ù 7.- ô¦â° -ô¦-îμ«t--ûÂ-ô¦óÀª @NêŸ àŸJ-vêŸìª ô¦ú‡ÙC? 1) NLóŸªÙ è…¸Þ( 2) ÷«ÚÂq ÷³õxô 3) þ¼íÆ‡óŸ« è¯ñq-ûÂ-ÚÁ-öËμæÀ 4) Ó÷-ô¢« -Ú¥ë]ª 8.- cò°õu Nî¦-õ ô¢ë]ªÌe àŸådÙ à¶óŸª-è¯-EÚ¨ ÚÛ”ù‡ à¶ú‡ÙC? 1) ô¦â° -ô¦-îμ«t--ûÂ-ô¦óÀª

i) Þœë¯-ëÅ]-ô¢ªè[ª ii) ÷´öËÀ øŒÙÚÛô iii) ÷³F{ô¦Ù iv) ì¸ôÙ-vë]-û¦-ëÇÂë]ê 1) in-Ó; iin-G; iiin-ú‡; 2) in-G; iin-Ó; iiin-è…; 3) in-Ó; iin-è…; iiin-G; 4) in-è…; iin-G; iiin-Ó;

Óz ô¦÷ª-ÚÛ”ù£g í£ô¢-÷ª-Ùú£ Gz þ§yNª vøŒë¯ÌÄ-ìÙë ú‡z þ§yNª Nî ¶-Ú¥-ìÙë] è…z þ§yNª ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] ivn-è…ivn-ú‡ivn-ú‡ ivn-ú‡ 15.- cNêŸÙ꟪ Nî ¶ÚÛ÷³e Íû¶ vÞœÙëǯEo ô¦ú‡ÙC? 1) þ§yNª Nî ¶-Ú¥-ìÙë] 2) þ§yNª ë]óŸ«-ìÙë] 3) ¸ÚøŒ÷ àŸÙvë]-›úû 4) ÐøŒyô¢àŸÙvë] Në¯u-þ§-Þœô 16.- cvñt -ëÅ]-ô¢t÷³e Íû¶ vÞœÙëǯEo ô¢#Ù#ÙC? 1) ¸ÚøŒ-÷-àŸÙ-vë]-›úû 2) ë¶î ¶Ù-vë]-û¦ëÇ ôȦޜ«ô 3) þ§yNª vøŒë¯ÌÄ-ìÙë] 4) Ó÷ô¢« Ú¥ë]ª 17.- ô¦â°- ô¦-îμ«t-ûÂô¦óÀª ìè…-í‡ì òËμÙÞ¥M í£vAÚÛ?

1) Nªô¦-꟪öËÀ ÍÚÛ(ô 2) ú£Ùî¦-ë] -Ú˽-÷³C 3) C òËμÙÞ¥M 4) ÷ÙÞœ í£vAÚÛ 18.- òÅ°ô¢-êŸ-ë¶-øŒÙö˺ ê•L NêŸÙ꟪ Nî¦-Eo áJ-í‡Ù#-ÙC Ó÷ô¢ª?

1) ¸ÚøŒ-÷-àŸÙ-vë]-›úû 2) ÚÛÙë]ª-ÚÛ«J O¸ô-øŒ-LÙޜ٠3) ÐøŒyô¢àŸÙvë] Në¯u-þ§-Þœô 4) è….-·Ú.-Ú¥¸ôy

ú£÷«ëůû¦õª 1) 3

2) 2

3) 2

7) 3

8) 4

9) 3

13) 1 14) 3 15) 4

4) 2 10) 1 16) 2

5) 4

6) 2

11) 1

12) 2

17) 2

18) 3

12

÷ªÙÞœüŒî¦ô¢Ù 23 ÍÚÁdñô¢ª 2018 - email: help@eenadupratibha.net

Sequence with a Logical Rule NUMBER SERIES

Number series questions present numerical sequences that follow a logical rule

To find the rule the following tips will be helpful

which is based on elementary Arithmetic. An initial sequence is given from which

- Try to identify numbers They may be even numbers, odd numbers, prime numbers, squares, cubes etc or sometimes they may be more/ less than them.

- Examine the difference between adjacent numbers.

The difference between two consecutive numbers may be constant, continuously increasing/ decreasing, prime numbers, squares, or cubes etc - Observe whether there is a multiplication or division pattern between two adjacent numbers.

- See if you can find a rule that involves using two or more basic arithmetic functions (+, , ÷, x). In the below series, the functions alternate in an orderly fashion.

- Alternate Series Sometimes two number series are given in a single sequence. In odd places one series and even places another series.

- Finally, While solving number series questions in the examination, when you are unable to identify the rule between the numbers in a particular question just leave that question and move to another one. Don’t waste your time.

the rule is to be identified. You are then asked to predict the next number or missing number that follows the rule. Sometimes you need to find out the wrong number in that series which doesn’t follow that rule. This is important topic. Usually five questions come from number series in either Prelims or Mains exam

Writer Dr. G.S.Giridhar, Director, RACE Institute, Hyderabad Directions (Q. 1-5): Find the wrong number in the given number series questions.

IBPS POs QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE

(IBPS RRB Clerk – 2018)

(IBPS Clerk – 2017)

1. 100 118 136 149 160 167 172 1) 160 2) 118 3) 100 4) 172 5) 136 2. 1.5 2.5 6 24 100 505 3036 1) 505 2) 3036 3) 100 4) 6 5) 2.5 3. 160 80 80 120 240 600 900 1) 240 2) 120 3) 900 4) 160 5) 600 4. 5040 2520 840 210 42 8 1 1) 8 2) 840 3) 42 4) 1 5) 2520 5. 15 17 26 151 200 929 1050 1) 200 2) 17 3) 1050 4) 929 5) 15 Directions (Q.6-10): Find the wrong term in the following number series questions.

6. 8.4 8.2 8.6 7.8 9.4 6.4 12.6

1) 16 2) 31 3) 35 4) 19 5) None of these 12. 7 10 16 28 ?

100

(IBPS PO – 2017) 1) 8.2 2) 6.4 3) 12.6 4) 7.8 5) 9.4 7. 0 5 18 48 100 180 294 1) 180 2) 48 3) 100 4) 5 5) 294 8. 602 598 591 563 498 372 155

(IBPS PO – 2017) 1) 372 9. 7 4

2) 591 3) 598 5 9 21

4) 498 52.5

5) 602 160.5

(IBPS PO – 2017) 1) 21 10. 130

2) 52.5 60 34

3) 5 18

4) 9 5) 4 10 6 4

(IBPS PO – 2017) 1) 34 2) 18 3) 60 4) 4 5) 10 Directions (Q.11-15): What should come in place of Questions mark (?) in the following questions?

11. 24 25 ?

41 8 73

(IBPS Clerk – 2017)

1. 100 +19 = 119 2. 1.5 u 1 + 1 = 2.5 119 + 17 = 136 2.5 u 2 + 2 = 7 136 + 13 = 149 7 u 3 + 3 = 24 149 + 11 = 160 24 u 4 + 4 = 100 160 + 7 = 167 100 u 5 + 5 = 505 167 + 5 = 172 505 u 6 + 6 = 3036 3. 160 u 0.5 = 80 4. 5040 y 2 = 2520 80 u 1 = 80 2520 y 3 = 840 80 u 1.5 = 120 840 y 4 = 210 120 u 2 = 240 210 y 5 = 42 240 u 2.5 = 600 42 y 6 = 7 600 u 3 = 1800 7 y 7 = 1 5. 16 + 1(13) = 17 6. 8.4 0.2 = 8.2 8.2 + 0.4 = 8.6 17 + 9(33) = 26 26 + 125(53) = 151 8.6 0.8= 7.8 7.8 + 1.6 = 9.4 151 + 49 (72) = 200 200 + 729(93) = 929 9.4 3.2 = 6.2 929 + 121 (112) = 1050 6.2 + 6.4 = 12.6 7. 13 12 = 0 8. 602 13 1 = 600 23 22 = 4 600 23 1 = 591 33 32 = 18 591 33 1 = 563 43 42 = 48 563 43 1 = 498 3 2 5 5 =100 498 53 1 = 372 372 63 1 = 155 63 62 = 180 73 72 = 294

1) 47 2) 72 3) 52 4) 64 5) None of these 13. 99 121 143 165 ?

(IBPS RRB Officer – 2016) 1) 201 4) 131 14. 35 1) 423 4) 483 15. 2

99

6

(IBPS RRB Officer – 2016) 1) 241 2) 362 3) 720 4) 568 5) None of these Directions (Q.16-20): In each of the following questions a number series is given. After the series, a number is given followed by (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e). You have to complete the series starting with the number given, following the sequence of the original series and answer the questions that follow the series.

16. 3 732 1244 1587 1803 1928 5 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) What will come in place of (d)?

1) 1009 2) 1105 3) 990 4) 1805 5) None of these 17. 16 4 2 1.5 1.5 1.875 4 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) What will come in place of (b)?

1) 1 2) 0.5 3) 1.5 4) 8 5) None of these 18. 3 19 99 499 2499 12499 2 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) What will come in place of (c)?

1) 74 2) 14 3) 374 4) 1874 5) None of these 19. 14 19 12 23 10 27 11 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) What will come in place of (b)?

1) 19 2) 20 3) 29 4) 9 5) 24 20. 24 144 180 900 925 3700 17 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) What will come in place of (e)?

1) 2860 2) 138 3) 3820 4) 690 5) None of these Directions (Q.21-22): In each of the following questions, a number is wrong. You have to identify that number.

21. 7.2 32 156 776 3876 19276 1) 32 2) 19276 3) 156 4) 7.2 5) 776 22. 328 340 360 412 508 700 1) 360 2) 700 3) 412 4) 328 5) 340

2) 187 3) 195 5) None of these 195 323 ?

1) 2

(IBPS RRB Officer – 2016)

8) 3

2) 392 3) 511 5) None of these 24 120 ?

Explanations 9. 7 u 0.5 + 0.5 = 4 10. 130 u 0.5 +1 = 66 4 u 1 + 1 = 5 66 u 0.5 + 1 = 34 5 u 1.5 + 1.5 = 9 34 u 0.5 + 1 = 18 9 u 2 + 2 = 20 18 u 0.5 + 1 = 10 20 u 2.5 + 2.5 = 52.5 10 u 0.5 + 1 = 6 52.5 u 3 + 3 =160.5 6 u 0.5 + 1 = 4 11. 24 + 12 = 25 12. 7 + 3 = 10 25 32 = 16 10 + 6 = 16 16 + 52 = 41 16 + 12 = 28 41 72 = 8 28 + 24 = 52 8 + 92 = 73 52 + 48 = 100 13. 9 u 11 = 99 14. 5 u 7 = 35 11 u 11 = 121 9 u 11 = 99 13 u 11 = 143 13 u 15 = 195 15 u 11 = 165 17 u 19 = 323 17 u 11 = 187 21 u 23 = 483 15. 1 u 2 = 2; 1 u 2 u 3 = 6 1 u 2 u 3 u 4 = 24 1 u 2 u 3 u 4 u 5 = 120 1 u 2 u 3 u 4 u 5 u 6 = 720 16. The difference between the adjacent numbers are perfect cubes ? required number in (d) position is 1805

ANSWERS 2) 4 9) 1

14) 4 15) 3 20) 1

21) 2

3) 3

4) 1

5) 5

6) 2

7) 4

10) 3

11) 1

12) 3

13) 2

16) 4

17) 2

18) 3

19) 4

22) 1

17. 16 u 0.25 = 4 4 u 0.5 = 2 2 u 0.75 = 1.5 1.5 u 1 = 1.5 1.5 u 1.25 = 1.875 Required number is 4 u 0.25 = 1 1u0.5 = 0.5

18. 3 u 5 + 4 = 19 19 u 5 + 4 = 99 99 u 5 + 4 = 499 499 u 5 + 4 = 2499 2499 u 5 + 4 = 12499 Required number is 2 u 5 + 4 = 14 14 u 5 + 4 = 74 74 u 5 + 4 = 374 19. 14 + 5 = 19 20. 24 u 6 = 144 19 7 = 12 144 + 62 = 180 12 + 11 = 23 180 u 5 = 900 23 13 = 10 900 + 52 = 925 10 + 17 = 27 925 u 4 = 3700 Required number Required number is 11 + 5 = 16 is 17 u 6 = 102 16 7 = 9 102 + 36 = 138 Short cut: 138 u 5 = 690 vertical difference 690 + 25 = 715 is always constant 715 u 4 = 2860 21. 7.2 u 5 4 = 32 22. 328 + 12 = 340 32 u 5 4 = 156 340 + 24 = 364 156 u 5 4 = 776 364 + 48 = 412 776 u 5 4 = 3876 412 + 96 = 508 3876 u 5 4 = 19376 508 + 192 = 700

10

OÐðlG‹ÜBÆŠæ hÌêÏ l Ð]l$…VýSâ¶æÐéÆý‡… l AMøtºÆŠæ l 23 l 2018

Send your Feedback to vidya@sakshi.com

ѧýlÅ

A«¨MýS {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… M>Æý‡×æ…V> çÜ…¿¶æÑ…^ól ç³Ç×êÐ]l$…? yéMýStÆŠ‡ ™èlÐ]l*à MøsìæÆð‡yìlz {´÷òœçÜÆŠ‡, I½G‹Ü, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šl

Ð]l*¨Ç {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ 1. A«¨MýS MýSÆð‡±Þ° gêÈ^ólĶæ$yé°² {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…V> Ð]lÇ~…_¯]lÐéÆý‡$?

1) Ô>Ð]lÊÅÌŒæçܯŒæ 2) à{sôæ 3) íœçÙÆŠæ 4) çÙ$…ï³rÆŠæ 2. 2018&19 BǦMýS çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ A«¨MýS {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… ¯]lÐðl*§ýl$ M>Ð]lyé°MìS MìS…¨ H A…Ô>˯]l$ M>Æý‡×êË$V> ¿êÑ…^èlÐ]l^èl$a?

G) ^èlÌêÐ]l$×ìæÌZ E¯]l² {§ýlÐ]lÅ… ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË ¼) ^èlÐ]l¬Æý‡$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË íÜ) Æý‡*´ëƇ¬ ÑË$Ð]l „îS×æ™èl yìl) A«¨MýS MýS±çÜ Ð]l$§ýlª™èl$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë$ 1) Üí , yìl Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ 2) G, ¼ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ 3) ¼, Üí Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ 4) G, ¼, Üí , yìl 3. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ OÐðlç³# «§ýlÆý‡Ë¯]l$ {糿êÑ™èl… ^ólõÜ A…Ô>ÌZÏ Ìôæ°¨ H¨?

1) Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ñ«§é¯]l… ÌZç³ ¿¶æ*Ƈ¬çÙt…V> E…yýlr…

2) ´ëÇ{Ô>Ñ$MýS E™èlµ†¢ Ð]l–¨® ™èlMýS$PÐ]lV> E…yýlr…

3) ÌZr$ {§ýlÐ]lÅ Ñ«§é¯]l…

4) °™éÅÐ]lçÜÆý‡lÐ]lçÜ$¢Ð]l#Ë °ËÓ 4. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ ¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ A«¨MýS {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl…¨?

1) 1984&85 2) 1991&92 3) 2016&17 4) 2017&18 5. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ MøÆŠæ C¯ŒæõœÏçÙ¯ŒæÌZ ¿êVýS… M>°§ól¨?

1) BàÆý‡…, C…«§ýl¯]l…

2) {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS E™èlµ™èl$¢Ë$ 3) ™èlĶæ*È E™èlµ™èl$¢Ë$ 4) Oò³Ð]l±² 6. MìS…¨ H {ç³×êãMýSÌZ Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ §« ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡çÜVýSr$ Ð]l–¨® ™èlMýS$PÐ]lV> ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl…¨?

1) Ððl¬§ýlsìæ {ç³×êãMýS 2) Æð‡…yø {ç³×êãMýS 3) Ð]lÊyýl$ {ç³×êãMýS 4) BÆø {ç³×êãMýS 7. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ {糿¶æ$™èlÓ Ð]lÅĶæ$… ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlËMýS$ M>Æý‡×æ… M>° A…Ô¶æ… H¨?

1) Ð]lyîlz ^ðlÍÏ…ç³#Ë$ 2) Æý‡„ýS×æ Ð]lÅĶæ$…

3) Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$…, A¯]l$º…«§éËOò³ ò³r$tºyìl 4) çܼÞyîl Ð]lÅĶæ$…

8. BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦÌZ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… A«¨MýS…V> E¯]l²ç³#µyýl$ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… {§ýlÐ]lÅ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$¯]l$ H Ñ«§ýl…V> {糿êÑ™èl… ^ólçÜ$¢…¨?

1) {§ýlÐ]lÅ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ íܦÆý‡…

2) {§ýlÐ]lÅ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 3) {§ýlÐ]lÅ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ ™èlVýS$Y§ýlË 4) {§ýlÐ]lÅ yìlÐ]l*…yŠæ, {§ýlÐ]lÅ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$MýS$ çÜÐ]l*¯]l…V> E…r$…¨ 9. {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…, †ÆøVýSÐ]l$¯]l… Æð‡…yýl* MýSÍíÜ çÜ…¿¶æÑ…^ól ç³Çíܦ†° H Ñ«§ýl…V> Ð]lÅÐ]lçßæÇÝ뢅?

1) ÝëtVŠæõœÏçÙ¯Œæ 2) {糆 {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

3) BǦMýS Ð]l*…§ýlÅ… 4) BǦMýS ç³#ÆøVýS† 10. sZMýS$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë çÜ*` (WPI) ° MöËÐ]lyé°MìS MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ §ól°° B«§éÆý‡ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…V> ¡çÜ$MýS$…sêÆý‡$?

1) 2001&02 2) 2004&05 3) 2011&12 4) 2017&18 11. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×ê°MìS M>Æý‡×æ…?

1) Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$ E™èlµ™èl$¢Ë ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 2) {§ýlÐ]lÅ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË™ø´ër$ E™èlµ†¢ A§ól Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ ò³Æý‡VýSMýS´ùÐ]lyýl…

3) {§ýlÐ]lÅ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ ™èlVýS$Y§ýlË 4) ò³r$tºyìl Æó‡r$ ™èlVýS$Y§ýlË 12. MóS…{§ýl »êÅ…MŠæ Æð‡´ù Æó‡r$¯]l$ ò³…^èlyýl… Ð]lËÏ

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

HÆý‡µyól ç³Ç×êÐ]l$…?

1) Ðé×ìæfÅ »êÅ…MýS$Ë Æý‡$×æ Ð]l$…þÆý‡$ ™èlVýS$Y™èl$…¨ 2) {§ýlÐ]lÅ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ ™èlVýS$Y™èl$…¨ 3) «§ýlÆý‡Ë$ °Ä¶æ$…{†…^èlºyýl™éƇ4) Oò³Ð]l±² ºíßæÆý‡…VýS Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæÌZ {糿¶æ$™èlÓ òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæË AÐ]l$ÃMýS…, Mö¯]l$VøË$¯]l$ °Æý‡Óíßæ…^ól¨?

1) õÜtsŒæ »êÅ…MŠæ B‹œ C…yìlĶæ* 2) ÇfÆŠæÓ »êÅ…MŠæ B‹œ C…yìlĶæ* 3) MóS…{§ýl Ðé×ìæfÅ Ð]l$…{†™èlÓ Ô>Q 4) Oò³Ð]l±² {§ýlÐøÅ˾×ê°² °Ä¶æ$…{†…^èlyé°MìS MóS…{§ýl »êÅ…MŠæ ™èl¯]l {§ýlÐ]lÅ Ñ«§é¯]l…ÌZ ¿êVýS…V> MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ H Ñ«§é¯é°² A¯]l$çÜÇ…^èl§ýl$?

1) Æð‡´ù Æó‡r$ ò³…^èl$™èl$…¨ 2) ¯]lVýS§ýl$ °ËÓË °çÙµ†¢ ò³…ç³# 3) »êÅ…MŠæ Æó‡r$¯]l$ ™èlWY…^èlyýl…

4) {糿¶æ$™èlÓ òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæ˯]l$ ºíßæÆý‡…VýS Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæÌZ Ñ{MýSƇ¬…^èlyýl…

MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ ç³ÇÐ]l*×ê™èlÃMýS °Ä¶æ$…{™èl×æ Ý뫧ýl¯]l… M>°¨ H¨?

1) »êÅ…MŠæ Æó‡r$ 2) Æð‡´ù Æó‡r$ 3) ÇÐ]lÆŠæÞ Æð‡´ù Æó‡r$ 4) ç³Æý‡ç³† Æó‡çÙ°…VŠæ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×ê°² °ÐéÇ…^èlyé°MìS {糿¶æ$™èlÓ…

AÐ]lË…¼…^ól MøÔ¶æ Ñ«§é¯]l…ÌZ çÜÇM>° A…Ô¶æ… H¨?

1) {ç³™èlÅ„ýS 糯]l$²Ë¯]l$ ™èlWY…^èlyýl…

2) {糿¶æ$™èlÓ Ð]lÅĶæ$… ™èlVýS$Y§ýlË 3) A…™èlÆý‡Y™èl {糿¶æ$™èlÓ Æý‡$×æ… ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 4) ÌZr$ {§ýlÐ]lÅ Ñ«§é¯é°² A¯]l$çÜÇ…^èlMýS´ùÐ]lyýl… ÇÐ]lÆŠæÞ Æð‡´ù Æó r$ Ý뫧ýl¯é°² MóS…{§ýl »êÅ…MŠæ H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ {ç³ÐólÔ¶æò³sìæt…¨?

1) 1994 2) 1995 3) 1996 4) 1998 çÜ…ç³NÆý‡~ E§øÅW™èl ™èlÆ>Ó™èl HÆý‡µyól «§ýlÆý‡Ë ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýl˯]l$ °f {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…V> °Æý‡Ó_…_¯]lÐéÆý‡$?

1) íœçÙÆŠæ 2) MøÌŒæºÆŠæ² 3) gñæ.G…. MîS¯ŒæÞ 4) {Mú«§ýlÆŠæ Ð]lçÜ$¢ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ÌZ ™èlVýS$Y§ýlËMýS$ MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ M>Æý‡×æ… M>°¨ H¨?

1) {ç³MýS–† OÐðlç³È™éÅË$ 2) {糿¶æ$™èlÓ Ð]lÅĶæ$ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 3) `MýSsìæ ºgêÆý‡$Ï 4) E™èlµ†¢ M>Æý‡M>Ë çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ ™èlVýS$Y§ýlË MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ MîS¯ŒæÞ {ç³^èl$Ç…_¯]l {VýS…£ýl…

H¨?

1) {í³°Þç³#ÌŒæÞ B‹œ GM>¯]lÑ$ 2) ß ç ú r$ õ³ œç ÆŠæ ¨ ÐéÆŠæ 3) GMýS¯éÑ$MŠæÞ B‹œ C…ç³Æð‡¹MŠæt M>…í³sîæçÙ¯Œæ 4) Oò³ÐólÒM>Ð]l# ¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ iÆø »ôæ‹ÜyŠæ ºyðljsŒæ¯]l$ Ððl¬§ýlr {ç³ÐólÔ¶æò³sìæt¯]lç³#µyýl$ BǦMýS Ð]l$…{† GÐ]lÆý‡$?

1) Ñ.í³. íÜ…VŠæ 2) {ç³×滌æ Ð]l¬QÈj 3) VýS$Ìê… ¯]l½ Bg꧊æ 4) AÆý‡$׊æ gO ñæsîæÏ Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ ºyðljsŒæ ¯]l$…_ OÆð‡ÌôæÓ ºyðljsŒæ¯]l$ H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ ÐólÆý‡$^ólÔ>Æý‡$?

1) 1914 2) 1922 3) 1924 4) 1950 {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ M>Ë…ÌZ «§ýlÆý‡Ë ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË™ø´ër$ BçÜ$¢Ë ÑË$Ð]l MýS*yé ò³Æý‡$VýS$™èl$…§ýl° õ³ÆöP¯]l²ÐéÆý‡$?

1) Ð]l*Æý‡ÛÌŒæ 2) ByýlÐŒl$ íÜÙŒæ 3) í³VýS* 4) M>ÆŠæÏÐ]l*ÆŠæPÞ JMýS BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ BÆøVýSÅÐ]l…™èl…V> E…yéË…sôæ MìS…¨ H {§ýlÐøÅ˾×ê°² °Æý‡Óíßæ…^éÍ?

1) ¯]lyýl$çÜ$¢¯]l² {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

2) ´ëMýS$™èl$¯]l² {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

3) A† {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

4) {糆 {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

{§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ «§øÆý‡×æ$Ë$

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü C…yìlĶæ$¯Œæ GM>¯]lÒ$

{ç³™ólÅMýS…

«§ýlÆý‡Ë Jyìl§ýl$yýl$MýS$Ë$ JMýS BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ BǦMýS íܦ†VýS™èl$˯]l$ çÜ*_çÜ$¢…¨. «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ çÜ…¿¶æÑ…^ól °Æý‡…™èlÆý‡ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýl˯]l$ "{§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…'V> °Æý‡Ó_Ý뢅. Ð]lçÜ$¢ Æ>Õ MýS¯é² {§ýlÐ]lÅÆ>Õ A«¨MýS…V> E…yýlsê°² {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…V> íœçÙÆŠæ °Æý‡Ó_…^éÆý‡$. «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ °Æý‡…™èlÆý‡ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË ´ëÇ{Ô>Ñ$MýS, ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡ Ð]lÆ>YËMýS$ A¯]l$MýS*Ë…V> E…r$…¨. «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË Ð]lËÏ Ðól™èl¯éËOò³ B«§éÆý‡ç³yìl¯]l Ð]lÆ>YË™ø ´ër$ õ³§ýl {ç³fË$ Cº¾…¨MìS VýS$Æý‡Ð]l#™éÆý‡$. «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ Jyìl§ýl$yýl$MýS$˯]l$ MöËÐ]lyé°MìS sZMýS$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Üç *` (WPI) Ñ°Äñæ*WÝ뢅. «§ýlÆý‡Ë Jyìl§ýl$yýl$MýS$˯]l$ MöËÐ]lyé°MìS çÜ*¦Ë §ólÖÄñæ*™èlµ†¢ yìlõœÏrÆŠæ, Ñ°Äñæ*VýS§éÆý‡$° §« lý Æý‡Ë Üç *` (CPI)° MýS*yé Ñ°Äñæ*W…^èlÐ]l^èl$a. Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ «§ýlÆý‡Ë çÜ*`ÌZ E…yól A°² Ð]lçÜ$¢Ð]l#Ë$ "òßæyŠæOÌñ毌æ C¯ŒæõœÏçÙ¯Œæ'ÌZ ¿êVýS…V> E…sêƇ¬. «§ýlÆý‡Ë Jyìl§ýl$yýl$MýS$Ë$ A«¨MýS…V> E…yól BàÆý‡…, C…«§ýl¯]l… "MøÆŠæ C¯ŒæõœÏçÙ¯Œæ'ÌZ ¿êVýS…V> E…yýlÐ]l#. {糿¶æ$™èlÓ Ð]lÅĶæ$…ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË, ÌZr$ {§ýlÐ]lÅ…, ¯]lËÏ {§ýlÐ]lÅ…, f¯é¿ê Ð]l–¨® A«¨MýS…V> E…yýlr… yìlÐ]l*…yŠæ OÐðlç³# «§ýlÆý‡Ë¯]l$ {糿êÑ™èl… ^ólçÜ$¢¯é²Æ‡¬. çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$OÐðlç³# «§ýlÆý‡Ë¯]l$ {糿êÑ™èl… ^ólõÜ M>Æý‡M>Ë$V> Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$ Æý‡…VýS Ð]l–¨® „îS×æ™èl, °™éÅÐ]lçÜÆý‡ Ð]lçÜ$¢Ð]l#Ë °ËÓ, {糿¶æ$™èlÓ Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ñ«§é¯]l…, ´ëÇ{Ô>Ñ$MýS E™èlµ†¢ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË çÜÇ´ùƇ¬¯]l…™èlV> ÌôæMýS´ùÐ]lyé°² õ³ÆöP¯]l-Ð]l^èl$a. «§ýlÆý‡Ë «§øÆý‡×ìæ: � {ç³×êãM> Ķæ¬VýS…ÌZ Ñ$Wͯ]l {ç³×êãMýSË™ø ´ùÍa¯]lç³#yýl$ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ {ç³×êãMýSÌZ (1951&56) Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ ™èlVýS$Y§ýl˯]l$ VýSÐ]l$°…^èlÐ]l^èl$a. sZMýS$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë çÜ*_ çÜ…QÅ (1961&62 B«§éÆý‡ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…)

1950&51ÌZ 89 M>V> 1955&56ÌZ 74V> ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl…¨. Ððl¬§ýlsìæ {ç³×êãMýSÌZ Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ Ýë…Ð]l™èlÞÇMýS ™èlVýS$Y§ýlË 3.2 Ô>™èl…V> ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl…¨. 1956&57 ¯]l$…_ 1963&64 Ð]l$«§ýlÅ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ Ýë…Ð]l™èlÞÇMýS ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË Æó‡r$ 5.1 Ô>™èl….

1964&65 çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡… ™èlÆ>Ó™èl 17 çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>Ë M>Ë…ÌZ Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ çÜVýSr$ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 9.5 Ô>™èl…. � 1991&92ÌZ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË A«¨MýS…V> ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl…¨. çÜ…çÜPÆý‡×æË BÆý‡…¿¶æ… ™èlÆ>Ó™èl Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ð]lÊyýl$ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>Ë M>Ë…ÌZ «§ýlÆý‡Ë çÜVýSr$ ÐéÇÛMýS ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 11.96 Ô>™èl…. 2001&02ÌZ «§ýlÆý‡Ë ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË íܦÆý‡…V> E…¨. §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ° �

14 Æ>{ÚëtËÌZ MýSÆý‡$Ð]l# ç³Çíܦ™èl$Ë M>Æý‡×æ…V> BàÆý‡«§é¯éÅË «§ýlÆý‡Ë$ ò³ÇW Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË 2002&03ÌZ HÆý‡µyìl…¨. 2005&06 ¯]l$…_ 2010&11 Ð]l$«§ýlÅ M>Ë…ÌZ BàÆý‡ «§ýlÆý‡ÌZÏ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË HÆý‡µyýlyé°MìS çÜ*¦Ë §ólÖÄñæ*™èlµ†¢ A«¨MýS…V> E…yýlr…™ø ´ër$ {§ýlÐ]lÅ çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË M>Æý‡×æOÐðl$…¨. � 2017&18ÌZ çÜVýSr$ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… 3.6 Ô>™èl… M>V> 2018&19ÌZ 5.1 Ô>™èl…V> E…r$…§ýl° A…^èl¯é. ^èlÐ]l¬Æý‡$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË, Æý‡*´ëĶæ$ ÑË$Ð]l „îS×æ™èl, ^èlÌêÐ]l$×ìæÌZ E¯]l² {§ýlÐ]lÅ… ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË, A«¨MýS MýS±çÜ Ð]l$§ýlª™èl$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë$ M>Æý‡×æ…V> 2017&18™ø ´ùÍa¯]lç³#yýl$ 2018&19ÌZ A«¨MýS {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… ¯]lÐðl*§ýl$ M>Ð]lyé°MìS M>Æý‡×êË$V> °Í^éƇ¬. 2019ÌZ gê¡Ä¶æ$ G°²MýSË$, ¿êÆý‡™èl »êÅ…MìS…VŠæ Æý‡…VýS íܦ†, {ç³ç³…^èl Ð]l–¨® Æó‡r$, ^èlÐ]l¬Æý‡$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë$, AÐðl$ÇM>ÌZ Ð]lyîlzÆó‡r$Ï ¿êÆý‡™èl BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦÌZ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…Oò³ {糿êÐ]l… ^èl*õ³ AÐ]lM>Ô¶æ… E…¨. «§ýlÆý‡Ë¯]l$ {糿êÑ™èl… ^ólõÜ A…Ô>Ë$: � yìlÐ]l*…yŠæ, çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$ OÐðlç³# «§ýlÆý‡Ë¯]l$ D A…Ô>Ë$ {糿êÑ™èl… ^ólÝë¢Æ‡¬. çÜÐ]l$íÙt yìlÐ]l*…yŠæÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlËMýS$ M>Æý‡×æÐ]l$Ð]l#™èl$…¨. {ç³×êãM> Ķæ¬VýS…ÌZ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlËMýS$ çÜÐ]l$íÙt yìlÐ]l*…yŠæÌZ A«¨MýS ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË M>Æý‡×æOÐðl$…¨. {糿¶æ$™èlÓ Ð]lÅĶæ$…ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË, ÌZr$ {§ýlÐéÅ°² yìlÐ]l*…yŠæ OÐðlç³# «§ýlÆý‡Ë¯]l$ {糿êÑ™èl… ^ólõÜ A…Ô>Ë$V> õ³ÆöP¯]lÐ]l^èl$a. {ç³×êãM> Ķæ¬VýS…ÌZ {糿¶æ$™èlÓ Ð]lÅĶæ$…ÌZ ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlËMýS$ M>Æý‡×æOÐðl$…¨. {糿¶æ$™èlÓ Ð]lÅĶæ$…

1960&61ÌZ h.yìl.í³.ÌZ 15.3 Ô>™èl… M>V> 1980&81 ¯ésìæMìS 25.6 Ô>™é°MìS, 2015&16 ¯ésìæMìS 28.2 Ô>™é°MìS ò³ÇW…¨. Ð] yîlz ^ðlÍÏ…ç³#Ë$, Æý‡„ýS×æ Ð]lÅĶæ$…, çܼÞyîlË ¿êÆý‡… ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË M>Æý‡×æ…V> {糿¶æ$™èlÓ Ð]lÅĶæ$… ò³ÇW A«¨MýS ºyðljsŒæ ÌZr$MýS$ §éÇ¡íÜ…¨.

D íܦ† A«¨MýS {§ýlÐøÅ˾×ê°MìS §éÇ¡íÜ…¨. {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… Ð]lÅĶæ*°MìS ™èlW¯]l Æ>ºyìl° çÜÐ]l$MýS*Æý‡$aMøÌôæ¯]lç³#µyýl$ »êÅ…MìS…VŠæ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ ¯]l$…_ Æý‡$×ê°² çÜÒ$MýSÇ…^èl$MøÐ]lyýl… §éÓÆ> ÌZr$¯]l$ ç³Nyýl$aMýS$…r$…¨. D Ñ«§ýlOÐðl$¯]l Ð]l¯]lÆý‡$Ë çÜÒ$MýSÆý‡×æ¯]l$ ÌZr$ {§ýlÐ]lÅ… (deficit financing) V> ç³ÇVýS×ìæÝ뢅. � Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$Æý‡…VýS Ð]l–¨® Æó‡r$ ™èlMýS$PÐ]lV> E…yýlr…, °™éÅÐ]lçÜÆý‡ Ð]lçÜ$¢Ð]l#Ë °ËÓ, Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëĶæ$ «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ñ«§é¯]l… ÌZ糿¶æ*Ƈ¬çÙt…V> E…yýlr…, ´ëÇ{Ô>Ñ$MýS E™èlµ†¢ Ð]l–¨®ª ™èlMýS$PÐ]lV> E…yýlr… çÜç³ÏÄŒæ$OÐðlç³# «§ýlÆý‡Ë¯]l$ {糿êÑ™èl… ^ólõÜ A…Ô>Ë$V> õ³ÆöP¯]lÐ]l^èl$a.

25. {糆 {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ M>Ë…ÌZ MìS…¨ H ç³Ç×êÐ]l$… çÜ…¿¶æÑçÜ$¢…¨?

1) {§ýlÐ]lÅ ÑË$Ð]l ò³Æý‡$VýS$™èl$…¨ 2) «§ýlÆý‡Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ ò³Æý‡$VýS$™èl$…¨ 3) A«¨MýS ò³r$tºyýl$Ë Ýë¦Æ‡4) A«¨MýS E§øÅW™é Ýë¦Æ‡26. Mö°² Æý‡…V>ÌZÏ «§ýlÆý‡Ë ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË A«¨MýS…V>, Ð]l$ÇMö°² Æý‡…V>ÌZÏ ™èlMýS$PÐ]lV> E…yýlsê°² H Ñ«§ýl…V> Ð]lÅÐ]lçßæÇÝ뢅?

1) í³VýS* çœÍ™èl… 2) {§ýlÐ]lÅ {¿ê…† 3) Æ>^ðlsŒæ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

4) Oò³ÐólÒM>Ð]l# 27. CsîæÐ]lÍ M>Ë…ÌZ Oòßæç³ÆŠæ C¯ŒæõœÏçÙ¯Œæ¯]l$ G§ýl$ÆöP…r$¯]l² §ólÔ¶æ…?

1) ´ëMìSÝ뢯Œæ 2) CrÎ 3) fÆý‡Ã± 4) rÈP 28. Ìê¿êË MøçÜ… «§ýlÆý‡Ë¯]l$ ò³…^èlyé°² GÌê Ð]lÅÐ]lçßæÇÝ뢅?

1) Ð]l$§ýlª™èl$ «§ýlÆý‡ 2) Ð]l*ÆŠæPA‹³ {Oò³‹Ü 3) ´ëÍ™èl «§ýlÆý‡ 4) ò³¯ðl{sôæçÙ¯Œæ {Oò³‹Ü 29. BǦMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦÌZ °Æ>Ã×ê™èlÃMýS ÌZ´ëË M>Æý‡×æ…V> «§ýlÆý‡Ë$ ò³Æý‡VýSyé°² HÐ]l$…sêÆý‡$?

1) Ð]lÅÐ]lÝë¦ç³NÆý‡ÓMýS {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

2) Ñ${Ô¶æÐ]l$ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

3) Ð]lÅĶæ$ {õ³Ç™èl {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

4) yìlÐ]l*…yŠæ {õ³Ç™èl {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

30. íœÍ‹³Þ Æó‡Q MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ §ól° Ð]l$«§ýlÅ çÜ…º…«§é°² ™ð Ë$ç³#™èl$…¨?

1) {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…, õ³§ýlÇMýS… 2) {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…, BǦMýS Ð]l–¨® 3) {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…, °Æý‡$§øÅVýS… 4) {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…, {ç³fË B§éĶæ*Ë$ 31. A«¨MýS {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… M>Æý‡×æ…V> çÜ…¿¶æÑ…^ól ç³Ç×êÐ]l$…?

G) BǦMýS AçÜÐ]l*¯]l™èlË ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË ¼) AÀÐ]l–¨®MìS Br…MýS… íÜ) Ýëõ³„ýS «§ýlÆý‡ÌZÏ Ð]l*Æý‡$µ ÌôæMýS´ùÐ]lyýl… yìl) ^ðlÍÏ…ç³#Ë ÔóæçÙ…Oò³ {糆MýS*Ë {糿êÐ]l…

1) G,íÜ 2) ¼,íÜ 3) G, ¼, yìl 4) G, ¼, Üí , yìl 32. MìS…¨ H MýSÑ$sîæ íܸëÆý‡$ÞOò³ {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… {§ýlÐøÅ˾×ê°² A§ýl$ç³#^ólĶæ$yé°MìS ¯]lVýS§ýl$&°ËÓË °çÙµ†¢, G‹Ü.GÌŒæ.BÆŠæ.Oò³ B«§éÆý‡ç³yýl- 35. {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… «§ýlÆý‡Ë ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýl˯]l$ °Ä¶æ$…{†…4) ¨VýS$Ð]l$™èl$ËOò³ B«§éÆý‡ç³yìl¯]l ç³Ç{Ô¶æÐ]l$Ë$ r… ™èlWY…_…¨? ^èlyé°² H Ñ«§ýl…V> Ð]lÅÐ]lçßæÇÝ뢅?

38. Ðól™èl¯]l {õ³Ç™èl {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…, ¯]l*™èl¯]l {§ýlÐøÅ1) ÑfÄŒæ$ MóSËPÆŠæ MýSÑ$sîæ 1) ºíßæÆý‡…VýS {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… Ë¾×æ…V> MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ §ól°° ¿êÑÝ뢅?

2) ¯]lÆý‡íÜ…çßæ… MýSÑ$sîæ 2) {糆 {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

1) yìlÐ]l*…yŠæ {õ³Ç™èl {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

3) Æ>gê ^ðlËÏĶæ$Å MýSÑ$sîæ 3) A×æ_ÐólĶæ$ºyìl¯]l {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

2) Ð]lÅĶæ$ {õ³Ç™èl {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

4) Ð]l$ÌZá{™é MýSÑ$sîæ 4) Oò³Ð]l±² 3) Ð]lÅÐ]lÝë¦ç³NÆý‡ÓMýS {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

33. MìS…¨ ÐéÇÌZ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ M>Ë…ÌZ Ì꿶æ 36. {糆{§ýlÐøÅ˾×ê°² °Ä¶æ$…{†…^èlyé°MìS 4) Ì꿶æ {õ³Ç™èl {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… ç³yýl° Ð]lÆý‡Y… H¨? ÇfÆŠæÓ »êÅ…MŠæ ^ólç³sôæt ^èlÆý‡ÅÌZÏ çÜÇM>°¨ 1) ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡çÜ$¢Ë$ 2) Æý‡$×æ {VýSïßæ™èlË$ H¨? çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$ 3) GVýS$Ð]l$† ç³Ç{Ô¶æÐ]l$Ë$ 1) ¯]lVýS§ýl$ °ËÓË °çÙµ†¢ ™èlWYçÜ$¢…¨ 1) 2 2) 4 3) 3 4) 2 5) 1 4) Æý‡$×æ §é™èlË$ 2) Æð‡´ù Æó‡r$ ò³…^èl$™èl$…¨ 6) 1 7) 3 8) 2 9) 1 10) 3 34. «§ýlÆý‡Ë ò³Æý‡$VýS$§ýlË çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>°MìS 100 3) G‹Ü.GÌŒæ.BÆŠæ.¯]l$ ™èlWYçÜ$¢…¨ 11) 2 12) 4 13) 2 14) 3 15) 4 Ô>™èl… MýS…sôæ GMýS$PÐ]lV> E¯]l² Üí ¦†° H 4) »êÅ…MŠæ Æó‡r$ ™èlWYçÜ$¢…¨ 16) 1 17) 3 18) 3 19) 2 20) 2 Ñ«§ýl…V> ¿êÑÝ뢅?

37. {糆{§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ M>Ë…ÌZ MìS…¨ H Ð]lÆý‡Y… 21) 1 22) 3 23) 3 24) 2 25) 1 1) A† {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ… ¯]lçÙt´ù™èl$…¨?

26) 3 27) 4 28) 2 29) 1 30) 3 2) ç³ÇVðS™ól¢ {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

1) Æý‡$×æ {VýSïßæ™èlË$ 31) 3 32) 2 33) 4 34) 1 35) 3 3) ´ëMýS$™èl$¯]l² {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

2) íܦÆý‡ B§éĶæ$ Ð]lÆ>YË$ 36) 2 37) 1 38) 2 4) ¯]lyýl$çÜ$¢¯]l² {§ýlÐøÅ˾×æ…

3) Ñ°Äñæ*VýS§éÆý‡$Ë$

ѧýlÅ

OÐðlG‹ÜBÆŠæ hÌêÏ l Ð]l$…VýSâ¶æÐéÆý‡… l AMøtºÆŠæ l 23 l 2018

Send your Feedback to vidya@sakshi.com

11

How many boxes are kept between..

K.M. Jaya Rao Subject Expert, Hyderabad.

2.

MODEL QUESTIONS Directions (Q.No.1-5): In each of the questions below are given three statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Give answer: 1) If only conclusion I follows 2) If only conclusion II follows 3) In either conclusion I or conclusion II follows 4) If neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows 5) If both statements I and II follow 1. Statements: All peacocks are birds No bird is black Some blacks are sparrows

3.

4.

5.

Conclusions: I. At least some sparrows can never be birds II. All peacocks are not sparrows Statements: Some apples are fruits Some fruits are red All reds are mangoes Conclusions: I. All mangoes being apples is a possibility II. Some apples being mangoes is a possibility Statements: Some roses are flowers Some flowers are red No red is rose Conclusions: I. No red can be a flower II. There is a possibility that some roses are red Statements: Some hills are mountains All mountains are high All high are peaks Conclusions: I. Some peaks are hills, mountains and high II. All peaks which are high will be mountains Statements: Some bats are cats Some cats are pictures

Key with Solutions (1-5): 1) 1;

Hills

Mountains High Peaks

Basic Peacocks

Sparrow

Black

Birds

↑ Some sparrows can never be birds Alternate

All Peaks which are High may not be Mountain. Hence Conclusion II does not follow.

5) 5; Bats

Cats

Pictures

Peacocks Black Birds Sparrow

Some cats are not Bats

Hence, only (1) follow

2) 5; Apples

Fruits

Red

Mango

As the given statements are "affirmative", any +ve possible conclusions on the given terms follows.

Hence, Both Conclusion I and Conclusion II follow.

3) 4; Roses

Flowers

Red

Some "Red are Flowers".

Hence, Conclusion I does not follow.

"No Rose is Red". Hence Conclusion II does not follow.

4) 1;

Hence, Both Conclusion I and Conclusion II Follow.

(6-11): D 12 E 5 C 9 B 2 F 7 A 4 G 8 6) 2; 7) 1; 8) 3; 9) 3; 10) 5; 11) 4; 12) 4; Water flowing above the danger level will lead to floods. Hence (A) is possible, which in turn may lead to (B). Since the problem persists across the state, (C) is also possible.

13) 5; Only I and II. The various observations pertain to what and

IBPS Main PO PO Main Reasoning pecial S

useful for

Other Exams Other Exams Exams Other Exams Other

No bat is a picture.

Conclusions: I. Some cats are not bats II. Some cats are bats Directions(Q. No. 6 - 11): Study the given information carefully to answer the given questions: Seven boxes - A, B, C, D, E, F and G - are kept one above the other, but not necessarily in the same order.

Each box has a different number viz, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 12, but not necessarily in the same order. Only three boxes are kept between G and box number 9. Only two boxes are kept between G and B. B is kept at one of the positions below box number 9. Only one box is kept between B and box number 4. E is how much is remembered after sleep. Hence I can be concluded.

II follows since night sleep had higher negative impact. We don't have data regarding III ("sleep of more than 8 hours") and IV ("memorising something immediately after waking up").

Hence III and IV can't be concluded.

(14 - 16): 14) 1; The dropped elements are 1, G, 6, T, 7, 2, L and ?

Hence, the remaining elements Symbols: $, ©, β, =, £, @ Letters: A, H, N, Y, Z, P Numbers: 9, 5, 3, 8 Hence, There are 6 symbols, 6 letters and 4 numbers.

15) 2; Symbols immediately followed by letter: ©G, βT, =Z Symbol immediately followed

by Symbol: @?

16) 2; (3rd from left) 1 © 5: +2

+3

(3rd from right) P

−2

8 Z −3

'+' Indicates counting in the forward direction '−' Indicates counting in the backward direction (6th from left) G 9 A : −2

−3

(6th from right) £ L +2

+3

?

kept immediately below box number 12. E is kept at one of the places above box number 9. There is only one box between E and the box having number less than E. E's box number is neither 7 nor 8. Only two boxes are kept between box number 5 and F. The difference between F and the box immediately below it is less than four. C is not the topmost box. C's box number is not 4. Only two boxes are kept between C and A. 6. What is the number of box C? 1) 5 2) 9 3) 12 4) 8 5) 2 7. How many boxes are kept between E and Box number 4?

1) Three 2) One 3) Two 4) None 5) More than three 8. What is the position of D in the given stack of boxes?

1) Fourth from the top 2) Fifth from the bottom 3) First from the top 4) Second from the bottom 5) Third from the bottom 9. Which of the following boxes is kept immediately above A? 1) B 2) Box number 5 3) Box number 7 4) G 5) Box number 4 10. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and hence form a group. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

1) B-4 2) C-7 3) E-2 4) D-9 5) A-8 11. Which of the following boxes is numbered 8?

1) A 2) F 3) B 4) G 5) D Directions (Q.No. 12): Study the given information carefully and answer the given question: 12. Cause: All the major rivers in the state have been flowing way over the danger level for the past few weeks. Which of the following is/are possible effect(s) of the above cause?

A) Many villages situated near the river banks are submerged, forcing residents to flee.

B) Government has decided to provide alternate shelter to all the affected villagers residing near the river banks.

C) The entire state has been put on high flood alert.

1) Only (A) 2) Only (A) & (B) 3) Only (B) & (C) 4) All (A), (B) & (C) 5) None of these Directions (Q. No. 13): Study the given information carefully and

answer the given question: Following are the observations of an experiment on "sleep and memory" conducted on 18 healthy young adults (ages 18 to 25) and 18 healthy older adults (ages 61 to 81).

A) The recall after 8 hours of sleep in younger adults was 65% more than that in the older adults.

B) Night-sleep had higher negative impact on all of the participants as compared to that of day-sleep of equal duration.

C) If a given set of words is memorised immediately before going to sleep, its recall after waking up was found to be better in younger adults than in the older adults.

Which of the following can be concluded from the given findings of the research?

I. As per the experiment, there is some correlation between sleep and memory.

II. The part of brain involved in memory is more active during the day as compared to that during the night.

III. A sleep of more than 8 hours can improve the memory in older adults.

IV. Memorising something immediately after waking up from an 8-hour long sleep will yield better results than memorising before sleep.

1) Only IV 2) All the given statements can be concluded from the given findings of the research 3) Both I and III 4) Both II and IV 5) None of these Directions (Q.No.14 - 16): Study carefully the following arrangement of letters, digits and symbols to answer these questions.

A$19©GH56NβTY37= Z2£8LP@?

14. If every third element is dropped from the first in the above series till the end, then how many symbols, letters and numbers respectively which remain in the series?

1) 6,6,4 2) 5,5,6 3) 6,4,6 4) 4,6,6 5) None of these 15. How many such symbols are there in the arrangement each of which is not immediately followed by a number?

1) Five 2) Four 3) One 4) Two 5) None of these 16. If 1©5 is related to P8Z in a certain way, then in the same way G9A is related to: 1) 8=P 2) £L? 3) 87L 4) 8=@ 5) None of these

eT+>∑fi¯yês¡+ 23 nø√ºãsY, 2018

4 VøÌŸP…yæþ Mæü$™èþ$»ŒýÚëïßýË$

1. Mæü$ÎMæü$™èþ$»ŒýÚë (G) ºçßýÐèþ$± Ýë{Ðèþ*fÅ… Ñ_e¯èþ²Ððþ$O¯èþ ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ C™èþyæþ$ VøÌŸP…yæþ Ýë{Ðèþ*gêÅ°² Ýë¦í³…^éyæþ$. (¼) ½gêç³NÆŠÿ, ½§æþÆæÿ$ çÜ$Ìꢯèþ$˯èþ$ C™èþyæþ$fÆÿ$$…_, MøÑËMö…yæþ, Ððþ$§æþMŠü {´ë…™é˯èþ$ B{MæüÑ$…^éyæþ$. ™èþÆæÿ$Ðé™èþ Væüf糆Æ>k¯èþ$ ÐèþÍ…_¯èþ*²ÆŠÿ Äæý$$§æþ®…ÌZ 1520ÌZ Kyìþ…_ »ñýfÐéyæþ, HË*Ææÿ$˯èþ$ ÝëÓ«©¯èþç³Ææÿ^èþ$Mæü$¯é²yæþ$. A¯èþ…™èþÆæÿ… 1530ÌZ Mö…yæÒyæþ$, »ñýËÏ…Mö…yæþ˯èþ$ Mæü*yé fÆÿ$$…_¯éyæþ$. (íÜ) E§éÆæÿçÜÓ¿êÐèþ… M>Ææÿ×ý…V> C™èþ°² ºyóþÐèþ*ÍMŠü A° í³Í^óþÐéÆæÿ$.

2. f…ïÙ§ŠþMæü$Î (G) ™èþ¯èþ ™èþ…{yìþ° Ðèþ«¨…_ C™èþyæþ$ íÜ…àçܯ鰲 A«¨íÙt…^éyæþ$. (¼) 7 çÜ…Ðèþ™èþÞÆ>Ë ç³Ç´ë˯é¯èþ…™èþÆæÿ… Æ>^è þç³#…yæþ$™ø Ðèþ$Ææÿ×ìý…^éyæþ$.

3. C{ºïßý…

(G) ™èþ¯èþ Ðóþ$¯èþË$Ïyæþ$ (f…ïÙ§Šþ Mæü$Ðèþ*Ææÿ$yæþ$)™ø _¯èþ² Äæý$$§æþ®… ^óþíÜ, C™èþyæþ$ ™èþ¯èþ Ýù§æþÆæÿ$yðþO¯èþ f…ïÙ§Šþ A¯èþ…™èþÆæÿ… Æ>gêÅ«¨M>Ææÿ… ^óþhMìüP…^èþ$Mæü$¯é²yæþ$. (¼) C™èþyæþ$ Ðèþ$çßýÐèþ$éÄæý$ Æ>k˯èþ$ HMæü… ^óþíÜ, ÑfÄæý$¯èþVæüÆæÿ ^èþ{MæüÐèþÇ¢° ™èþÍÏMør Äæý$$§æþ®…ÌZ 1565ÌZ Kyìþ…^èþyé°Mìü Ðèþ$*ËM>ÆæÿMæü$yæþÄæý*Åyæþ$.

1571ÌZ Vø§éÐèþÇ, }M>Mæü$âæý… Ðèþ$«§æþÅVæüË Ððþ$$™èþ¢…

E™èþ¢Ææÿ ¡Æ>…{«§æþ ¿êV>˯èþ$ B{MæüÑ$…^éyæþ$.

1578&89{´ë…™èþ…ÌZ E§æþÄæý$WDZ, MæüÆæÿ*²Ë$ hÌêÏÌZ° Mö…™èþ¿êV>˯èþ$ ÝëÓ«©¯èþç³Ææÿ^èþ$Mæü$¯é²yæþ$. (íÜ) ™ðþË$Væü$ MæüÐèþ#˯èþ$ ´ùíÙ…^èþyæþ… ^óþ™èþ C™èþyìþ² Ðèþ*ÍMŠü C{ºïßý… A° MîüÇ¢…^éÆæÿ$. ""Äæý$Äæý*† ^èþÇ{™èþ''¯èþ$ Ææÿ_…_¯èþ ´÷¯ðþ²Væü…sìý ™ðþËVæü¯éÆæÿ$Åyæþ$ C™èþ° BÝ릯èþMæüÑ. ""çÜ${XÐèþ ÑfÄæý$Ðèþ$$'', ""°Ææÿ…

Mæü$ÔZ´ëRZůéË''¯èþ$ Ææÿ_…_¯èþ Mæü…§æþ$Mæü*Ç Ææÿ${§æþMæüÑ Mæü*yé C™èþ° ´ùçÙ×ýÌZ°Ðéyóþ. (yìþ) çßý$õÜÞ¯ŒþÝëVæüÆŠÿ ™èþsêMæü…, çœNÌŒý»êVŠü, C{ºïßý… ç³r²… ^ðþÆæÿ$Ðèþ#, Ðèþ$*ïܯèþ¨ò³O Ðèþ…™ðþ¯èþ Ðèþ…sìý G¯ø² {ç³gZç³Äñý*VæüM>ÆæÿÅ{MæüÐèþ*˯èþ$ C™èþyæþ$ ^óþç³sìýt¯éyæþ$.

4. Ðèþ$çßýÐèþ$çŠþ Mæü$Î (G) C™èþ° ´ë˯éM>Ë…ÌZ Æ>fÅ… çÜ$QM>… ™èþ$Ë™ø ÐèþÇ®ÍÏ…¨. G¯ø² Ýë…çÜ–P†Mæü M>ÆæÿÅ{MæüÐèþ*Ë$ °ÆæÿÓíßý…^èþºyézÆÿ$$. (¼) ™èþ¯èþMðü…™ø {í³Äæý$Ððþ$O¯èþ ¿êVæüÅÐèþ$† A¯èþ² íßý…§æþ* ¯èþÆæÿ¢Mìü çܖÆ _çßý²…V> ¿êVæüůèþVæüÆ>°² °ÇÃ…^éyæþ° A…sêÆæÿ$. ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ D ç³rt×ý… C™èþ° Mæü$Ðèþ*Ææÿ$yðþO¯èþ òßýO§æþÆŠÿ õ³Ææÿ$™ø òßýO§æþÆ>»ê§ŠþV> ç³#¯èþÆ>²Ðèþ$MæüÆæÿ×ý… ^óþÄæý$ºyìþ…¨. D Mö™èþ¢¯èþVæüÆæÿ…ÌZ C™èþyæþ$ ^éÇïéÆŠÿ (1583), kÐèþ*ÃÐèþ$ïܧæþ$, ^èþ…§æþ¯ŒþÐèþ$çßýÌŒý Ðèþ…sìý A…§æþÐðþ$O¯èþ °Æ>Ã×ê˯ðþ°²…sìý¯ø ^óþç³sìýt¯éyæþ$. (íÜ) C™èþyæþ$ G…§æþÆø ™ðþË$Væü$ MæüÐèþ#˯èþ$ çÜÐèþ*§æþÇ… ^éyæþ$. A…§æþ$ÌZ ""ÐðþOfÄæý$…¡ ÑÌêÝë°²'' Ææÿ_…_¯èþ ÝëÆæÿ…Væü$ ™èþÐèþ$ÃÄæý$Å Ðèþ$$Q$Åyæþ$. (yìþ) B…VóüÏÄæý$$Ë$ Ðèþ$_Îç³r²…ÌZ JMæü ç³Ç{ÔèýÐèþ$ Ýë¦í³…^èþyé°Mìü C™èþyæþ$ A¯èþ$Ðèþ$†°^éayæþ$.

5. Ðèþ$çßýÐèþ$çŠþ Mæü$™èþ$»ŒýÚë (G) ™èþ¯èþ Ðèþ*Ðèþ$ ç³Ç´ë˯èþ ÌêVóü C™èþ° M>Ë…ÌZ Mæü*yé §óþÔèý… Ý뫧éÆæÿ×ý…V> çÜ$Q Ôèýº$*…™èþ$Ë™ø ÑËíÜÍÏ…¨. (¼) C™èþyðþ¯ø² A…§æþÐðþ$O¯èþ ¿æýÐèþ¯éË$ °ÇÃ…^éyæþ$.

A…§æþ$ÌZ »êV> {ç³íܨ® ^ðþ…¨…¨ òßýO§æþÆ>»ê§æþ$ÌZ° Ðèþ$M>PÐèþ$ïܧæþ$.

6. Aº$ªÌêÏ çßýçܯŒþ (G) C™èþ° Ðèþ§æþª ""Ò$ÆŠÿkÐèþ*Ï'' A¯èþ² õ³Ææÿ$VæüË çÜÐèþ$ Ææÿ$®yðþO¯èþ Ðèþ$…{†, òÜO¯éÅ«¨ç³†V> Ðèþ#…yóþÐéyæþ$. C™èþyæþ$

Mæü$™èþ$»ŒýÚëíßýË Æ>gêÅ«¨M>Ææÿ… §æþ„ìü×ý…ÌZ ç³#ÍMæüsŒý §ésìý, ™èþ*Ææÿ$µ¡Ææÿ…ÌZ E™èþ¢Ææÿ…ÌZ ÑÔéQç³r²… ÐèþÆæÿMæü* ÑçܢDž^èþyé°Mìü Ðèþ$*ËM>ÆæÿMæü$yæþ$. _™èþ*¢Ææÿ$, Mæüyæþç³ hÌêÏË$ Mæü*yé Mæü$™èþ$»ŒýÚëíßý Æ>fÅ¿êV> ÌñýO¯éÆÿ$$. (¼) ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ Ò$ÆŠÿkÐèþ*Ï Ððþ$$VæüË$Ëò³Oç³# Ððþ$$WY, VøÌŸP…yæþò³O Aç³µsìý §æþMæüP¯èþ$ Æ>f{糆°«¨ AÆÿ$$¯èþ LÆæÿ…Væügôýº$ 1655 §æþ…yæþÄæý*{™èþ ^óþÄæý$yæþ…ÌZ ™øyæþµyìþ¯èþ JMæü ÑÔéÓçÜçœ*™èþMæü$yìþV> °Ææÿ*í³…^èþ ºyézyæþ$. {ç³íܨ®^ðþ…¨¯èþ Møíßý¯èþ*Ææÿ$ Ðèþ{gê°² (B…{«§æþ{糧óþÔŒýÌZ° MöË*ÏÆæÿ$ Væü°ÌZ ËÀ…_…¨) Ððþ$$VæüË$ ^èþ{MæüÐèþÇ¢ AÆÿ$$¯èþ Úëfà¯èþ$Mæü$ ºçßý*MæüÇ… _¯èþÐéyæþ$ Ò$ÆŠÿkÐèþ*Ï (íÜ) EÆæÿ*ª Ýëíßý™èþÅ…ÌZ C™èþ° ç³Ç´ë˯éM>Ìê°² çÜÓÆæÿ~Äæý$$Væü…V> AÀÐèþÇ~Ýë¢Ææÿ$. (yìþ) C™èþyæþ$ òßýO§æþÆ>»ê§ŠþÌZ {ç³íܨ®^ðþ…¨¯èþ ™öÍ Ðèþ$ïܧæþ$ °ÇÃ…^éÆæÿ$.

7. Aº$ÌŒýçßýçܯŒþ (G) C™èþ° Ðèþ$ÆöMæü »êV> {´ë^èþ$ÆæÿÅÐðþ$O¯èþ ¯éÐèþ$… ""™é±Úë''. VøÌŸP…yæþ¯èþ$ ç³Ææÿ´ëÍ…_¯èþ Mæü$™èþ$»Œý Úëíßý Æ>kËÌZ _ÐèþÇÐéyìþ™èþyæþ$. (¼) çÜ…{糧éÄæý$… {ç³M>Ææÿ… Mæü…^ðþÆæÿÏVø糯èþ² Ìôý§é

çÜÓ™èþ…{™èþ$-Ë$-V>¯óþ A«¨-M>-Æ>°² A¯èþ$¿æýÑ…^éÆæÿ$. °gê… EÌŒý&Ðèþ$$ÌŒýP ™é¯èþ$ Ýë¦í³…_¯èþ Æ>gêÅ°² çÜ$íܦÆæÿ… ^óþçÜ$-Mæü$-¯óþ…§æþ$Mæü$ G¯ø² çÜ…çÜP-Ææÿ-×ý-˯èþ$ {ç³Ðóþ-Ôèý-ò³sêtyæþ$. ÆðÿO™èþ$Ë$, ^óþ†-ç³° ÐéÇMìü {´ù™èþÞ-à-M>-˯èþ$ Mæü͵…_, ÐèþÅÐèþ-ÝëÄæý$…, ç³Ç-{Ôèý-Ðèþ$-˯èþ$ Ðèþ–¨ª ^óþÔéyæþ$. Ôé…† ¿æý{§æþ-™èþ-˯èþ$ ¯ðþË-Mö-Ìêµyæþ$. Ðèþ$Æ>-u>Ë §øí³-yîþ° AÇMæü-sôýt…§æþ$Mæü$ ÐéÇ™ø çÜ…«§æþ$-˯èþ$ Mæü$§æþ$-Ææÿ$a-Mæü$-¯é²yæþ$. °gê-ÐŒþ$- E-ÌŒý-Ðèþ$$-ÌŒýP ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ A™èþ° ò³§æþª-Mæü$-Ðèþ*-Ææÿ$yæþ$ ¯éíÜ-ÆŠÿ-f…VŠü ÐéÆæÿ-çÜ$-yæþ-Äæý*Åyæþ$. ™èþ¯èþ Ýù§æþÇ Mæü$Ðèþ*-Ææÿ$yðþO Ðèþ$$f-çœ-ÆŠÿ-f…VŠü™ø Æ>fÅ ÐéÆæÿ-çÜ™èþÓ… MøçÜ… Äæý$$§æþ®… ^óþÄæý*ÍÞ Ðèþ_a…¨. Ðèþ$$f-çœÆŠÿ f…VŠü¯èþ$ {òœ…_-ÐéÆæÿ$ ºËç³-ÆæÿaV>, ¯éíÜ-ÆŠMæü$ B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$Ë$ Ðèþ$§æþª™èþ$ C^éaÆæÿ$.

AÆÿ$$™óþ ¯éíÜ-ÆŠÿ¯èþ$ {òœ…_-ÐéÇ çÜ°²-íßý-™èþ$-yðþO¯èþ MæüÆæÿ*²Ë$ ¯èþÐéº$ çßý™èþÐèþ*-Æ>ayæþ$. C™èþyæþ$ 1748 ¯èþ$…_ 1750 ÐèþÆæÿMæü$ Ðèþ*{™èþÐóþ$ 糧æþ-ÑÌZ E¯é²yæþ$. ™èþ§æþ-¯èþ…™èþÆæÿ… Ðèþ$$fçœ-ÆŠÿ-f…VŠü òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê§Šþ çÜ$Ìê¢-¯ŒþV> 糧æþ-Ò-»ê-«§æþÅ-™èþ-˯èþ$ ^óþç³sêtyæþ$. A«¨-M>-Æ>°² ^óþç³-rt-yæþ…ÌZ ÝëÄæý$… ^óþíÜ-¯èþ…§æþ$Mæü$ Mæü–™èþ-f]-™èþV> {òœ…_-Ðé-ÇMìü Mö°² Æ>fÅ-¿ê-V>-˯èþ$ C^éayæþ$. Ðèþ$$f-çœ-ÆŠÿ-f…VŠü ™èþ¯èþ Æ>f-«§é-°Mìü Ððþâæý$¢…yæþV>, Ðèþ*ÆæÿY-Ðèþ$«§æþÅ…ÌZ Mæüyæþç³ hÌêÏ Æ>Äæý$-^øsìý ™éË*M>ÌZ° ËMìüP-Æðÿ-yìþzç³ÍÏ çÜÒ$-ç³…ÌZ MæüÆæÿ*²Ë$, Mæüyæþç³ ¯èþÐé--º$Ë ^óþ†ÌZ çßý™èþÐèþ$-Äæý*Åyæþ$. C™èþ° 糧æþ-Ò-M>Ë… 1750&51. Ðèþ$$f-çœ-ÆŠÿ-f…VŠü ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ çÜÌê-º-™Œþ-f…VŠü {òœ…_-ÐéÇ ÝëÄæý$…™ø A«¨-M>-Æ>°² ^óþç³-sêtyæþ$. 1751¯èþ$…_ 1761 ÐèþÆæÿMæü$ A«¨-M>-Ææÿ…ÌZ E¯é²yæþ$. C™èþyæþ$ ¯éíÜ-ÆŠÿ-f…VŠü Mæü°çÙx Ýù§æþ-Ææÿ$yæþ$. {òœ…_-ÐéÆæÿ$ ™èþ¯èþMæü$ ^óþíܯèþ ÝëÄæý*°Mìü {糆-çœË…V> ÐéÇMìü ¯éË$Væü$ E™èþ¢Ææÿ çÜÆ>PÆæÿ$ hÌêÏ-˯èþ$ «§éÆ>§æþ™èþ¢… ^óþÔéyæþ$. º$ïÜÞ ¯éÄæý$-Mæü-™èþÓ…ÌZ {òœ…_òÜO¯èþÅ… òßýO§æþÆ>-»ê§Šþ Æ>f-«§é-°ÌZ Ýë¦Ðèþ-Ææÿ-Ðóþ$-Ææÿµ-yæþ$-Mø-yé-°Mìü A¯èþ$-Ðèþ$†…^éyæþ$. AÆÿ$$™óþ B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$Ë ^óþ†ÌZ {òœ…_-ÐéÆæÿ$ ÐèþÆæÿ-

GENERAL AWARENESS Æ>Ðèþ$§éçÜ$ A¯èþ² õ³Ææÿ$VæüË }Æ>Ðèþ$¿æýMæü$¢yìþMìü D VøÌŸP…yæþ ^èþ{MæüÐèþÇ¢ M>Æ>V>ÆæÿÐéçÜÕ„æü Ñ«¨…^éyæþ$. Æ>Ðèþ$§éçÜ$ ¿æý{§é^èþË… ™èþçßýíÜÌêªÆæÿ$V> Ðèþ#¯èþ²ç³#yæþ$ {糿æý$™èþÓ Ý÷Ðèþ$$ïèþ$ §æþ$ÇÓ°Äñý*Væü… ^óþÄæý$yæþÐèþ$¯óþ ¯óþÆæÿ…ò³O º…«¨…^èþyæþ… fÇW…¨. }Æ>Ðèþ$$yóþ çÜÓÄæý$…V> Ý÷Ðèþ$$ïèþ$ ™é±ÚëMæü$, ^ðþÍÏ…_ ™èþ¯èþ ¿æýMæü$¢yðþO¯èþ Æ>Ðèþ$§éçÜ$¯èþ$ º…«§æþÑÐèþ$$Mæü$¢×ìý~ ^óþÔéyæþ¯èþ²¨ Mæü£æþ¯èþ… Ìôý§é f¯èþ{Ôèý$†. (íÜ) C™èþ°Mìü ^éÌê çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ®Ðèþ…™èþÐðþ$O¯èþ AMæüP¯èþ² Ðèþ*§æþ¯èþ² A¯èþ² Ýù§æþÆæÿ$ÍÆæÿ$Ðèþ#Ææÿ* çÜàÄæý$… ^óþÔéÆæÿ$. (yìþ) Aº$ªÌŒý ¸ë± A¯èþ² õ³Ææÿ$VæüË A«¨M>Ç ÑÔéÓçÜ çœ*™èþ$Mæü… M>Ææÿ×ý…V> Ððþ$$VæüÌŒý ^èþ{MæüÐèþÇ¢ AÆÿ$$¯èþ LÆæÿ…Væügôýº$ {Mîü.Ôèý.1687ÌZ VøÌŸP…yæþ¯èþ$ fÆÿ$$…_ ¯éyæþ$. Aº$ÌŒýçßýçܯŒþ¯èþ$ §úË™é»ê§ŠþMæü$ º…©V> ç³…ç³yæþ… fÇW…¨. çÜÐèþ$Ææÿ®Ðèþ…™èþ$yæþ*, ÑÔéÓçÜ ´ë{™èþ$yæþ$ AÆÿ$$¯èþ A™èþ° òÜO¯éÅ«§æþÅ„æü$yðþO¯èþ Aº$ªÌŒý ÆæÿgêMŠü Ë{ïßý VæüsìýtV> °Æø«¨…^èþyæþ… ^óþ™èþ, LÆæÿ…Væügôýº$ A™èþ°² EÇ¡Ôéyæþ$.

AçÜ‹œgêïßýË$

òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê§Šþ çÜ…Ýë¦-¯é°² °gê…&EÌŒý& Ðèþ$$ÌŒýP AçÜ‹œ gêíßý 1724ÌZ Ýë¦í³…^éyæþ$. BÄæý$¯èþ AçÜË$ õ³Ææÿ$ _…VŠü-Í-gŒý-Rꯌþ. Ððþ$$VæüÌŒý ´ë§æþ$Úë çœÆæÿ*-MŠü-íÜ-Äæý$ÆŠÿ 1713ÌZ _…VŠü-Í-gŒý-Rê-¯Œþ¯èþ$ §æþMæüP¯Œþ ÐðþO{Ýë-Æÿ$$V> °Äæý$Ñ$…^éyæþ$. D çÜ…§æþ-ÆæÿÂ…V> BÄæý$-¯èþMæü$ °gê…&EÌŒý& Ðèþ$$ÌŒýP A¯èþ² ¼Ææÿ$-§æþ$¯èþ$ {ç³Ýë-¨…^éyæþ$. D ÐðþO{ÝëÆÿ$$ 糧æþÑ° Æðÿ…yæþ$ ÝëÆæÿ$Ï ^óþç³-sêtyæþ$. 1713 ¯èþ$…_ 15 ÐèþÆæÿMæü$ Ððþ$$§æþ-sìý-Ýë-Ç, Ðèþ$ÆæÿË 1720 ¯èþ$…_ 1722 ÐèþÆæÿ-Mæü$ Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ-ÝëÇ D 糧æþ-Ñ° ^óþç³-sêtyæþ$. 1722ÌZ Ððþ$$VæüË$ ´ë§æþ$Úë Ðèþ$çßýÃ-§ŠþÚë Ððþ$$VæüÌŒý Ýë{Ðèþ*-gêÅ-°Mìü ÐèþiÆæÿ$ ({糫§é-¯èþ-Ðèþ$…{†-)V> °Äæý$-Ñ$…^éyæþ$. ÉìþÎÏÌZ Ððþ$$VæüË$ Æ>f-MîüÄæý*-Ë™ø ÑíÜW §æþMæüP¯ŒþMæü$ ÐðþãÏ 1724ÌZ çÜÓ™èþ…{™èþ òßýO§æþÆ>-»ê§Šþ Æ>gêÅ°² Ýë¦í³…^éyæþ$. Ððþ$$VæüÌŒý ^èþ{Mæü-ÐèþÇ¢ °gê…¯èþ$ Õ„ìü…^èþ-ÌôýMæü 1725ÌZ AçÜ-‹œ-gêíßý A¯èþ² Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ ¼Ææÿ$-§æþ$¯èþ$ {糧é¯èþ… ^óþÔéÆæÿ$. °gê…Ë$ Ððþ$$VæüÌŒý ^èþ{Mæü-ÐèþÇ¢° ™èþÐèþ$ ÝëÆæÿÓ-¿o-Ðèþ$$-yìþV> Væü$Ç¢…_¯é, ÐéçÜ¢-Ðé-°Mìü ÐéÆæÿ$

çÜV> Kyìþ-´ù-Ðèþ-yæþ…™ø {¼sîý-‹Ù-Ðé-Ç-ÐðþOç³# Ððþ$$Væü$Y ^èþ*´ëyæþ$.

1759ÌZ B…{«§æþ-§óþ-Ôèý…ÌZ° Mö°² ¿æý*¿ê-V>-˯èþ$ B…VóüÏÄæý$$-ËMæü$ C^éayæþ$. B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$-˯èþ$ ™èþ¯èþ çÜ…Ææÿ-„æü-Mæü$-Ë$V> A…X-Mæü-Ç…^éyæþ$. çÜÌê-º-™Œþ-f…VŠü ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ °gê… BÎ 1761ÌZ íÜ…à-çÜ-¯é°² A«¨-íÙt…^éyæþ$. Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ AçÜ-‹œgêíßý A¯èþ² ¼Ææÿ$-§æþ$¯èþ$ ïÜÓMæü-Ç…^éyæþ$. C™èþ° M>Ë…¯èþ$…_ òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê§Šþ çÜ…Ýë¦-¯èþ…ÌZ B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$Ë A«¨-M>Ææÿ gZMæüÅ…

A«¨-Mæü-Ðèþ$-Æÿ$$…¨. 1948ÌZ ´ùÎçÜ$ ^èþÆæÿÅ ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ °gê… ÐéÆæÿ-çÜ$ÌZÏ _ÐèþÇÐéyðþO¯èþ EÝëïŒþ BÎRꯌþ ç³Ç-´ë-˯èþ A…™èþ-Ç…_…¨. 1950ÌZ òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê§Šþ çÜ…Ý릯èþ… C…yìþÄæý$¯Œþ Äæý$*°-Äæý$-¯ŒþÌZ ÑÎ-¯èþ-Ðèþ$-Æÿ$$…¨. °gê…, {¼sîý‹Ù ÐéÇ-Ðèþ$«§æþÅ çÜ…º…«§éË$ òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê§Šþ çÜ…Ý릯èþ ÐéÆæÿ-çÜ™èþÓ Äæý$$§æþ®…ÌZ ¯éíÜ-ÆŠÿf…VŠü¯èþ$ ºË-ç³Ça 1750ÌZ B…{«§æþ-§óþ-Ôèý…ÌZ Ððþ$$§æþ-sìý-ÝëÇV> {¼sîý-‹Ù-ÐéÆæÿ$ ™èþÐèþ$ A«¨-M>-Æ>°² çÜ…´ë-¨…^èþ-yé-°Mìü {ç³Äæý$-†²…^é-Ææÿ$. A¨ çœË-Ðèþ…™èþ… M>Ìôý§æþ$. M>° 1758, 59 çÜ…Ðèþ-™èþÞ-Æ>ÌZÏ {òœ…_-Ðé-Çò³O ÑfÄæý$… Ý뫨…_¯èþ ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ ™èþÐèþ$ Ë„>üÅ°² ´ë„ìü-Mæü…V> ¯ðþÆæÿ-Ðóþ-Ææÿ$a-Mø-Væü-Í-V>Ææÿ$. ÐéÇMìü çÜÌê-º™Œþf…VŠü, Ðèþ$_-Î-ç³r²…, °gê…ç³r²…, Mö…yæþ-ç³ÍÏ, ÐèþMæüÌŒý Ðèþ$¯é²ÆŠÿ hÌêÏ-˯èþ$ C^éayæþ$. {òœ…_-ÐéÇ-Ýë¦-¯èþ…ÌZ B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$Ë$ °gê… çÜ…Ææÿ-„æü-Mæü$-Ë$V> JMæü õܲçßý Jç³µ…§é°² Mæü$§æþ$-Ææÿ$a-Mæü$-¯é²yæþ$. 1766ÌZ B…VóüÏÄæý$$Ë$, °gê… BÎ-ËMæü$ Ðèþ$«§æþÅ JMæü Jç³µ…§æþ… Mæü$¨Ç…¨. D Jç³µ…§é°² Mæü$§æþ-Ææÿa-yæþ…ÌZ E™èþ¢Ææÿ çÜÆ>P-Ææÿ$-ËMæü$ ^ðþ…¨¯èþ JMæü {ç³Ðèþ$$Q §æþ$»êïÜ AÆÿ$$¯èþ Mæü…{yóþ-Væü$Ë gZWç³…™èþ$Ë$ MîüË-Mæü-´ë{™èþ ´ùíÙ…^éyæþ$. ©° {ç³M>Ææÿ… C…XÏ-çÙ$Ðé-ÇMìü ¯éË$Væü$ E™èþ¢Ææÿ çÜÆ>P-Ææÿ$-˯èþ$ çÜ$ÌꢯŒþ C^éayæþ$.

A…§æþ$ {糆-çœ-Ë…V> ÐéÆæÿ$ °gê…Mæü$ Hyé-¨Mìü G°-Ñ$¨ Ë„æüË Ææÿ*´ë-Äæý$-˯èþ$ 糯èþ$²V> ^ðþÍÏ…^éÍ. A…™óþ-M>Mæü$…yé B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$Ë$ °gê…¯èþ$ Ðèþ$à-Æ>-çÙ$‰Ë$, Ððþ$OçÜ*-Ææÿ$ËMæü$ Ðèþņ-Æóÿ-Mæü…V> ºË-ç³-Ææÿa-yé-°Mìü A…X-Mæü-Ç…^éÆæÿ$. M>± D Jç³µ…§æþ… G…™ø M>Ë… Mö¯èþ-Ýë-Væü-Ìôý§æþ$. G…§æþ$-Mæü…sôý °gê… 1767ÌZ çÜ…¿æý-Ñ…_¯èþ Ððþ$$§æþsìý B…VøÏ&Ððþ$OçÜ*ÆŠÿ Äæý$$§æþ®…ÌZ òßýO§æþ-Æ>-ÎMìü Ðèþ$§æþª™èþ$ A…¨…^éyæþ$. AÆÿ$$¯èþç³µ-

sìýMîü °gê… ç³Æ>-f-Äæý*°² G§æþ$-ÆöP-¯é²yæþ$. †ÇW 1768ÌZ Ðèþ$_-Î-ç³r²… çÜ…«¨ §éÓÆ> B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$-Ë™ø Ðèþ$Æø Jç³µ…§æþ… Mæü$§æþ$-Ææÿ$a-Mæü$-¯é²yæþ$. Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ B…VøÏ&Ððþ$OçÜ*-Ææÿ$ Äæý$$§æþ®…ÌZ °gê… ™èþrçܦ…V> E…yìþ-´ù-Äæý*yæþ$. M>° Ðèþ$*yæþ$, ¯éË$Væü$ Ððþ$OçÜ*Ææÿ$ Äæý$$§é®ÌZÏ sìý糚 çÜ$Ìê¢-¯èþ$Mæü$ Ðèþņ-Æóÿ-Mæü…V> B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$-ËMæü$ ÝëÄæý$… ^óþÔéyæþ$. A…§æþ$Mæü$ {糆-çœ-Ë…V> Ððþ$OçÜ*Ææÿ$ Æ>fÅ…ÌZ ç³Ë$ ¿æý*¿ê-V>-˯èþ$ ´÷…§éyæþ$. 1788ÌZ °gê… Hyé-¨Mìü Hyæþ$ Ë„æüË ç³¯èþ$²Mæü$ º§æþ$-Ë$V> Ðèþ$$çÜ¢-¸ë¯èþ-VæüÆŠÿ çÜÆ>PÆæÿ$ (Væü$…r*Ææÿ$ hÌêÏ-)¯èþ$ B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$-ËMæü$ †ÇW C_a-Ðóþ-Ôéyæþ$. 1823ÌZ B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$Ë$ ò³§æþª-Ððþ$$-™é¢°² °gê…Mæü$ ç³Ç-à-Ææÿ…V> ^ðþÍÏ…_¯èþ ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ ¯éË$Væü$ E™èþ¢Ææÿ çÜÆ>P-Ææÿ$Ë$, Ðèþ$$çÜ¢-¸ë-¯èþ-Væü-ÆŠÿ-Ëò³O B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$-ËMæü$ çÜ…ç³NÆæÿ~ A«¨-M>Ææÿ… ËÀ…_…¨.

1788ÌZ ÌêÆŠÿz ÐðþËÏïÜÏ °gê… BΙø òÜO¯èþÅ çÜçßý-M>Ææÿ Jç³µ…§é°² Mæü$§æþ$-Ææÿ$a-Mæü$-¯é²yæþ$. {¼sîý‹Ù ÐéÇ™ø D ÆæÿMæüÐðþ$O¯èþ Jç³µ…§æþ°² Mæü$§æþ$-Ææÿ$a-Mæü$¯èþ² Ððþ$$§æþsìý ¿êÆæÿ-¡Äæý$ ´ëËMæü$yæþ$ °gê… M>Ðèþyæþ… VæüÐèþ$-¯éÆæÿá…. 1800ÌZ Mæüyæþç³, MæüÆæÿ*²Ë$, A¯èþ…™èþ-ç³NÆŠÿ, ºâêÏÇ hÌêÏ-˯èþ$ °gê… ¯éË$Vø Ððþ$OçÜ*Ææÿ$ Äæý$$§æþ®… çÜ…§æþ-ÆæÿÂ…V> B{Mæü-Ñ$…^èþ$-Mæü$-¯é²yæþ$. ¯éyæþ$ Òsìý° §æþ™èþ¢ Ðèþ$…yæþ-Ìê-Ë$V> ÐèþÅÐèþ-çßý-Ç…^óþ-ÐéÆæÿ$.

1800 A¯èþ…™èþÆæÿ… òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê-§ŠþÌZ {¼sîý‹Ù òÜO¯éÅ°² ´ùíÙ…^èþ-yé-°Mìü B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$-ËMæü$ CÐéÓÍÞ Ðèþ_a…¨.

1802ÌZ Ý린Mæü çÜ…Ýë¦-¯é-«©-Ôèý$Ë$ AÆ>-^èþ-M>°² çÜ–íÙt-çÜ$¢¯é²-Ææÿ¯óþ ÝëMæü$™ø _™èþ*¢-Ææÿ$, ¯ðþË*ÏÆæÿ$ hÌêÏ-˯èþ$ {¼sîý‹Ù Ýë{Ðèþ*-fÅ…ÌZ ÌêÆŠÿz ÐðþËÏïÜÏ MæüË$-ç³#-Mæü$-¯é²yæþ$. çœÍ-™èþ…V> 1802 ¯ésìýMìü ¡Æ>…{«§æþ, Æ>Äæý$-Ë-ïÜÐèþ$ {´ë…™éË$ D‹Üt C…yìþÄæý* Mæü…ò³± ÐèþÔèý-Ðèþ$-Äæý*ÅÆÿ$$. D {´ë…™éË$ Ðèþ${§éçÜ$ {ò³íÜ-yðþ-±ÞÌZ ¿êVæü-Ðèþ$-Äæý*ÅÆÿ$$. 1803ÌZ ÌêÆŠÿz ÐðþËÏïÜÏ ¯èþ*™èþ¯èþ °gê… íÜMæü…§æþÆŠÿ Ææÿn*° JMæü A¯èþ$-º…«§æþ Jç³µ…§æþ…ò³O çÜ…™èþMæü… ^ðþÄæý$Å-Ðèþ$° ºË-Ðèþ…™èþ… ^óþÔéyæþ$.

D Jç³µ…§æþ… {ç³M>Ææÿ… òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê§Šþ òÜO¯éÅ-˯èþ$ {¼sîý-‹Ù-ÐéÇMìü Gr$-Ðèþ…sìý A™èþÅ-Ðèþ-çÜÆæÿ ç³Ç-íܦ† G§æþ$-ÆðÿO¯é Eç³-Äñý*-Væü-ç³yæþ-sê-°Mìü íܧæþ®…V> E…^éÍ. {¼sîý‹Ù ÆðÿíÜ-yðþ…sŒý òßý{± ÆæÿòÜÞÌŒý 1811ÌZ òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê§ŠþÌZ ÆæÿòÜÞÌŒý òÜO°Mæü §æþâê°² {´ëÆæÿ…À…^éÆæÿ$. ©°° A¯èþ…™èþÆæÿ… òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê§Šþ Mæü…sìý…f…sŒýV> í³Í-^óþ-Ðé-Ææÿ$. D òÜO°Mæü §æþâæý… 1817ÌZ çÜ…¿æý-Ñ…_¯èþ í³…yéÈ Äæý$$§æþ®… ÌZ¯èþ*, 1818&26ÌZ çÜ…¿æý-Ñ…_¯èþ fÒ$…§é-Ææÿ$Ë †Ææÿ$Væü$-»êr$ A×ý-_-Ðóþ-™èþ¯èþ* {糫§é¯èþ ´ë{™èþ ´ùíÙ…_…¨.

1857 †Ææÿ$-Væü$-»êr$ çÜ…§æþ-ÆæÿÂ…V> °gê… AçÜ-‹œ&E§Šþ-&§úÌê B…VóüÏ-Äæý$$-ËMæü$ ÑÔéÓ-çÜ-´ë-{™èþ$-yæþ$V> †Ææÿ$-Væü$-»ê-r$-§éÆæÿ$-ËMæü$ §æþ*Ææÿ…V> E¯é²yæþ$. E™èþ¢Ææÿ ¿êÆæÿ-™èþ-§óþÔèý…, Ðèþ$«§æþÅ ¿êÆæÿ-™Œþ-ÌZÏ ™èþÌñý-†¢¯èþ †Ææÿ$-Væü$-»ê-r$¯èþ$ A×ìý-_-Ðóþ-Äæý$-yæþ…ÌZ ÐéÇMìü ™øyæþµ-yézyæþ$. °gê… {糫§é¯èþ Ðèþ$…{™èþ$ÌZÏ ™èþ$Æ>»Œý BÎ-Rꯌþ ^éÌê {ç³íܨ® ^ðþ…§éyæþ$. C™èþyæþ$ 1853 ¯èþ$…_ 83 ÐèþÆæÿMæü$ ¨Ð鯌þ Ìôý§é {糫§é¯èþ Ðèþ$…{† 糧æþÑÌZ E¯é²yæþ$. C™èþ-°¯óþ Ððþ$$§æþsìý ÝëÌê-ÆŠÿ-f…VŠü A° Mæü*yé A…sêÆæÿ$. C™èþ-°-M>Ë…ÌZ ©Ð鯌þ 糧æþ-Ñ õ³Ææÿ$ {ç³RêÅ-™èþ$Ë$ ´÷…¨…¨. {ç³fË AÀ-Ðèþ–-¨®Mìü ç³Ë$ çÜ…çÜP-Ææÿ-×ý-˯èþ$ ^óþç³-sêtyæþ$. AÑ @ ¿æý*Ñ$ ÕçÜ*¢¯èþ$ ÐèþçÜ*Ë$ ^óþÄæý$-yé-°Mìü i™èþ-Ñ$_a ™éË$-M>-§é-Ææÿϯèþ$ °Äæý$-Ñ$…^éyæþ$. Æðÿѯèþ*Å ç³Ç-´ë-Ë-¯èþÌZ hÌêÏ-º…© Ñ«§é¯é°² {ç³Ðóþ-Ôèý-ò³-sêtyæþ$. çßýÎ-íÜM>P A¯óþ Mö™èþ¢ ¯é×ê°² {ç³Ðóþ-âæý-ò³sêz. Móü…{§æþ r…Mæü-Ôé-˯èþ$ Ýë¦í³…^éyæþ$. Ôé…†-¿æý{§æþ-™èþË °Äæý$…{™èþ×ý MøçÜ… JMæü {ç³™óþÅMæü ´ùÎçÜ$ Ñ¿ê-V>°² {´ëÆæÿ…À…^éyæþ$. ç³Ë$ E¯èþ²™èþ ´ëuæÿ-Ôé-Ë˯èþ$ Mæü*yé Ýë¦í³…^éyæþ$. E¯èþ²™èþ Ðèþ…ÔéË í³ËÏ-ËMæü$ Ðèþ$§æþ-Ææÿ-Ýë&C& AÍ--Äæý*¯èþ$ 1878ÌZ Ýë¦í³…^éyæþ$. ´ëÔéa™èþŠѧæþůèþ$ {ç³Ðóþ-Ôèý-ò³-sêtyæþ$. 1870ÌZ C…f-±-Ç…VŠü Mæüâê-Ôé-˯èþ$ Mæü*yé Ýë¦í³…^éyæþ$. 1878ÌZ òßýO§æþ-Æ>-»ê-§Šþ&Ðéyìþ ÆðÿOË$ Ðèþ*Æ>Y°² {´ëÆæÿ…À…^éyæþ$. ÐéÆ>¢ ÐèþÅÐèþ-çܦ¯èþ$ AÀ-Ðèþ–-¨® ç³Ç^éyæþ$. Ððþ$$§æþsìý ÝëÌê-ÆŠÿ-f…VŠü A¯èþ…™èþÆæÿ… ÐèþÆæÿ-çÜV> Æðÿ…yæþÐèþ ÝëÌê-ÆŠÿ-f…VŠü, ¯èþÐ黌ý AÝëïŒþ Ææÿn*, ¯èþÐ黌ý °Rê-¯Œþ& EÌŒý&E{Ðèþ*, Ðèþ$à-Æ>gŒý Mæü–çÙ~-{ç³-Ý맊þ, Ðèþ$*yæþÐèþ ÝëÌê-ÆŠÿf…VŠü, ÍÄæý*-Q™Œþ BÎË$ ¨Ð鯌þ 糧æþ-Ñ° ^óþç³-sêtÆæÿ$.

1947&48 Ðèþ$«§æþÅ M>Ë…ÌZ ÍÄæý*-Q™Œþ BÎ {糫§é° 糧æþÑ° A«¨-íÙt…^éÆæÿ$.