Education 23 09 2017

14

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‘Ë˝∞–ÈΔÊˇÖ 23 Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫ΔÊˇ$ 2017

What is the first letter of that word?

Reasoning Model Questions 1. 'Bank' is related to 'Money' in the same way as 'Transport' is related to a) Goods b) Road c) Movement d) Traffic e) Speed 2. 'Fan' is related to 'Wings' in the same way as 'Wheel' is related to a) Round b) Cars c) Spokes d) Moves e) Air 3. 'Museum' is related to 'Curator' in the same way as 'Prison' is related to a) Warden b) Monitor c) Manager d) Jailor e) None of these 4. Find the odd man out. a) 32 :15 b) 86 : 42 c) 56 : 26 d) 74 : 36 e) 38 : 18 5. Find the odd man out. a) Ring b) Bangle c) Tyre d) Plate e) Nut 6. What should come in place of question mark (?) in the following sequence?

BZA, DYE, GXI, KWM, ? a) OVT b) NUQ c) PVQ d) QVA e) None of these 7. Dilip's position from the left in a row of students is 10th and Jagdish's position is 20th from the right. Both of them interchange their positions and jagdish becomes 23rd from the right. How many students are there in the row? a) 33 b) 44 c) 42 d) 41 e) 32 8. Jaya's position from the left in a row of students is 12th and Rekha's position is 20th from the right. After interchanging their position, Jaya becomes 22rd from the left. How many students are there in the row? a) 30 b) 31 c) 41 d) 34 e) None of these 9. If the alphabets are written in the reverse order and every alternate letter starting with Y is dropped, which letter will be exactly in the middle in the remaining letters of alphabets? a) M b) O c) M or O d) N e) None of these 10. How many pairs of letters in the word are as far from each other as they are in the alphabets in the word 'RELATIONSHIP' ? a) None b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4 11. If you pick up from the alphabet, 6th an d the 14th letters from the right end and then pick up 5th and 20th letters from the left end and from a meaningful wo rd, what is the first letter of that word? a) M b) E c) No meaningful word can be formed d) More than one word can be formed e) None of the above 12. Ravi starts walking towards North.

After walking 15m he turns towards South. After walking 20m, he turns towards East and walks 10m. He then turns towards North and walks 5m.

How far is he from his original position and in which direction? a) 10m, North b) 10m, South c) 10m, East d) 10m, West e) None of these 13. Ms. A goes for her morning walk at 6 0'clock towards sun for 2 km, then she turns to her right and walks 3 km. She again turns to her left and walks 2 km, finaly she turns to her left to walk another 6 km. In which direction is she moving and at what distance from the last turn, she is standing? a) 6 km, East b) 9 km, East c) 6 km, North d) 9 km, North e) None of these 14. Going 50 m to the south of my house, I turn left and go another 20m. Then turning to the north, I go 30 m and then

Panditi Meenakshi Pavan Senior Faculty

Bank P.O's, Clerks Special start walking to my house. In which direction am I walking now ? a) North b) East c) North-West d) South- East e) None of these (15-19): Following is given a set of digits and the corresponding letter code of each digit followed by certain rules for coding.

In each of the questions one number consisting of six digits is followed by four combinations of letter codes. You have to find out which of the combination of letter codes represents the set of digits based on the above codes and the conditions given below and mark your answer accordingly.

Otherwise, give answer (e) as your answer i.e., None of these.

Conditions : (i) If both the first and the last digits of the number are odd digits, then both are to be coded as I. (ii) If both the first and lat digits of number are even digits then both are to be coded as Y. 15. 726395 a) IMDNWI b) YMDNWY c) YMDNWR d) IMDNWR e) None of these 16. 263847 a) IDNBKI b) YDNBKY c) IDNBKY d) MDNBKY e) None of these 17. 591248 a) IWJMKB b) RWJMKY c) YWJMKY d) RWJMKB e) None of these 18. 615824 a) IJRBMI b) IJRBMY c) YJRBMY d) DJRBMK e) None of these 19. 831795 a) INJTWR b) BNJTWR c) BNJTWY d) YNJYWY e) None of these (20-22): Read the following information and then answer the questions that follow In the given figure the rectangle stands for philosopher, circle for historians and triangle for magicians.

20. According to the above diagram, which one of the following statement is true? a) All philosophers are magicians but no magician is a historian b) All magicians are either historians or phiosophers c) Some philosophers are historians and some magicians are philosophers d) Some historians, who are philosophers, are magicians too e) None of these 21. According to the above diagram, which

one of the following statement is true? a) All historians are magicians b) Some magicians are philosophers as well as historians c) All historians are either philosophers or magicians d) Some historians are philosophers e) None of these 22. According to the above diagram, which one of the following statement is not true? a) Some magicians are philosophers b) No magician is historian c) Magicians, who are philosophers, are historians also d) Some philosophers are magicians e) None of these (23-25): Read the following information carefully and answer the questions based on it.

Five person are sitting in a row. One of the two person at the extreme ends is intelligent and other one is fair. A fat person is sitting to the right of a weak person. A tall person is to the left of the fair person and the weak person is sitting between the intelligent and the fat person.

23. Tall person is at which place counting from right ? a) First b) Second c) Third d) Fourth e) Can't be determined 24. Person to the left of weak person posses ses which of the following characteristics? a) Intelligent b) Fat c) Fair d) Tall e) Can't be determined 25. Which of the folllowing persons is sitting at the centre? a) Intelligent b) Fat c) Fair d) Weak e) Tall (26-30) : In the following questions, the symbols @, %, *, $ and # are used with following meaning as illustrated below: 'P * Q' means 'P is neither smaller than nor equal to Q'.

'P # Q' means 'P is not greater than Q'.

'P @Q' means 'P is neither greater than nor equal to Q'.

'P $ Q' means 'P is neither smaller than nor greater Q'.

'P % Q' means 'P is not smaller than Q'.

Now in each of the following questions assuming the given statement to be true, find which of the two conclusions I and II given below them is/are definitely true?

Given answer : a) if only conclusion I is true b) if only conclusion II is true c) if either conclusion I or II is true d) if neither conclusion I nor II is true e) if both conclusions I and II are true 26. Statements : H * R, R $ Y, Y % M Conclusions : I. M @ H II. H $ M 27. Statements : T $ R, R # M, M @ N Conclusions : I. N * T II. R @ N 28. Statements : W % V, V # D, M * D Conclusions : I. M $ W II. M @ V 29. Statements : B # V, V $ M, M * Z Conclusions : I. B $ M II. Z @ V 30. Statements : K $ M, B # M, F * B Conclusions : I. K $ B II. K * B

Answers 1) a 2) c 3) d 4) c 5) d

6) c 7) e 8) c 9) d 10) e

11) a 12) c 13) c 14) c 15) a

16) e 17) d 18) c 19) b 20) c

21) d 22) c 23) b 24) a 25) b

26) d 27) e 28) d 29) b 30) d

E߯≈V>À$ Gب˛Ì≥Ì‹IGÃå˝ Ø˲*≈MϸœƒÊ˝$Δäˇ Á≥–ö˛Δäˇ M>ΔˆµΔÛˇÁŸØ¨˛ Bãú CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* Õ—$sÒ˝yä˛ (Gب˛Ì≥Ì‹IGÃå˝)& {sÙ˝yä˛ A{Ú≥ÖsÏ˝ã‹À ∞ƒÊ˝*–ö˛$M>∞Mϸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$ô¯Ö® A{Ú≥ÖsÏ˝ã‹ÌŸã≥ –ö˛≈–ö˛´®: Hyë® Δ>f›Î¶Ø¨˛ A◊˝$‘Ë˝Mϸ¢ÃZ∞ R͉À$: 60 {sÙ˝yä˛fi –È» R͉À$: ÌúrtΔäˇ 12, rΔÊˇ≤Δäˇ 9, –˛$ÌŸ∞ã‹t 9, GÀMÓ¸âÌŸƒÊ˝$ب˛ 12, GÀM>â∞Mä¸ –˛$M>∞Mä¸ 12, –˛ÀzΔäˇ 3, MʸÖÁ≥N≈rΔäˇ BÁ≥ΔÛˇrΔäˇ AÖyä˛ {¥˘{V>—$ÖVä¸ AÌ‹Ú‹tÖså˝ 3 –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ ØÈsÏ˝Mϸ 14 Ø˲$Ö_ 24 H‚Ê˝œ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ EÖyëÕ [sÒ˝O∞ÖVä¸ M>≈ÖÁ≥ã‹: Nuclear Training Centre (NTC), Rajasthan Rawatbhata site, POAnushakti- 323303, via Kota, Rajasthan

Á‹tΔˇ$$Ú≥Öyä˛: ÌúrtΔäˇ, rΔÊˇ≤Δäˇ, –˛$ÌŸ∞ã‹t, GÀMÓ¸âÌŸƒÊ˝$ب˛, GÀM>â∞Mä¸ –˛$M>∞Mä¸ {sÙ˝yä˛fiMʸ$ Ø˛ÀMʸ$ ΔÊˇ*.5078 C›Î¢ΔÊˇ$.

–˛ÀzΔäˇ, MʸÖÁ≥N≈rΔäˇ BÁ≥ΔÛˇrΔäˇ AÖyä˛ {¥˘{V>—$ÖVä¸ AÌ‹Ú‹tÖså˝ {sÙ˝yä˛fiMʸ$ Ø˛ÀMʸ$ ΔÊˇ*.4514 C›Î¢ΔÊˇ$.

–ö˛$‡Δ>ÁŸâ ¥ÎÃå˝Áú$Δäˇ ÃZ∞ R͉À$: 79 {sÙ˝yä˛fi–È» R͉À$: ÌúrtΔäˇ 11, rΔÊˇ≤Δäˇ 4, GÀMÓ¸âÌŸƒÊ˝$ب˛ 10, –˛OΔ䡖ö˛$ب˛ 5, –˛ÀzΔäˇ 7, GÀM>â∞Mä¸fi –˛$M>∞Mä¸ 1, Cب˛Á‹$â–˛$Öså˝ –˛$M>∞Mä¸ 1, «{ÌúhΔÛˇÁŸØ¨˛á GÌ‹ –˛$M>∞Mä¸ 1, M>ΔˇµÖrΔäˇ 8, –ö˛$›Îب˛ 4, Á≥œÖ∫Δäˇ 6, Ú≥Δˇ$$ÖrΔäˇ 7, {yëã≥tfi–ö˛$ب˛& Ì‹—Ãå˝ 2, –˛$ÌŸ∞ã‹t 3, yÓ˛hÃå˝ –˛$M>∞Mä¸ 2, CØ˲πΔÛˇ√ÁŸØ¨˛ Mʸ–ö˛$*≈∞MÛ¸ÁŸØ¨˛ sÒ˝M>≤Ài Ì‹Á‹t–í˛$ –˛$Δˇ$$Öså˝ 2, ÔŸså˝ –˛$rÃå˝ –ö˛ΔÊˇPΔäˇ 3 –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ ØÈsÏ˝Mϸ 16 Ø˲$Ö_ 24H‚Ê˝œ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ EÖyëÕ [sÒ˝O∞ÖVä¸ M>≈ÖÁ≥ã‹: Tarapur Maharshtra Site, Tarapur Atomic Power Station, PO - TAPP, Via Boisar(W/Rly), Tal& District - Palghar 401504

AΔÊˇ·ô˲: Á≥߯ô˲ΔÊˇVÊ¸Ü E°¢ΔÊˇ~ô˲ + Á‹Ö∫Ö´®ô˲ {sÙ˝yä˛ÃZ IsÏ˝I Á‹«tÌúM¸så˝ EÖyëÕ.

GÖÌ≥Mʸ: IsÏ˝I –ö˛*ΔÊˇ$PÀ$, –˛$yÏ˛MʸÃå˝ GV>j—$ØÛ˛ÁŸØ¨˛ AøÊ˝≈ΔÊˇ$¶À$ –ö˛$$ÖßÊ˛$V> A{Ú≥ÖsÏ˝ã‹ÌŸã≥ –˛ªå˝ ¥˘ΔÊˇtÃå˝ÃZ «hÁ‹tΔäˇ ^Û˛Á‹$M¯–ÈÕ. «hÁ‹tΔäˇ Ø˛ÖØ˲$ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ ∏ÎΔÊˇÖÃZ Á‹*_Á‹*¢ Á≥N«¢V> ∞ÖÌ≥Ø˲ ∏ÎΔ>∞≤ Mϸ֮ _ΔÊˇ$ØÈ–ö˛*Mʸ$ Á≥ÖÁ≥#M¯–ÈÕ.

–ö˛$‡Δ>ÁŸâ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ ^Û˛ΔÛˇÖßÊ˛$Mʸ$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 3 Δ>f›Î¶Ø¨˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ ^Û˛ΔÛˇÖßÊ˛$Mʸ$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 10 Δ>f›Î¶Ø¨˛ _ΔÊˇ$ØÈ–ö˛*: Dy.Manager(HRM), Recruitment Section, Vijay Bhawan, Rawatbhata Rajasthan Site, NPCIL, POAnushakti, Via Kota, Rajasthan - 323303.

–ö˛$‡Δ>ÁŸâ _ΔÊˇ$ØÈ–ö˛*: Manager(HRM), Nuc lear Power Corporation of India Limited, Tarapur Maharashtra Site, PO - TAPP, Tal & Dist: Palghar, Pin - 401504, Maharashtra –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.apprenticeship.gov.in/ www.npcil.nic.in/

Gب˛GÃå˝Ì‹ Gب˛GÃå˝Ì‹ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* Õ—$sÒ˝yä˛& {V>yÊ˛$≈ƒÙ˝$så˝ GWjMʸ*≈sÏ˝–í˛ [sÒ˝O±ã‹ ∞ƒÊ˝*–ö˛$M>∞Mϸ {Á≥MʸrØ˲ —yÊ˛$ßÊ˛À ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®.

—øÍV>À$: –˛$M>∞MʸÃå˝, GÀMϸâMʸÃå˝, Ì‹—Ãå˝, Cب˛Á‹$â–˛$ÖsÙ˝ÁŸØ¨˛, MʸÖÁ≥N≈rΔäˇ, –˛$O∞ÖVä¸ AøÊ˝≈ΔÊˇ$¶À$ Δ>ƒÊ˝*ÕfiØ˲ VÛ¸så˝ ı≥Á≥Δäˇ M¯yä˛fi: –˛$M>∞MʸÃå˝ & GÖC, GÀMϸâMʸÃå˝(CCC/ CÌ‹C) & CC/ CÌ‹, Ì‹—Ãå˝ & Ì‹C, Cب˛Á‹$â–˛$ÖsÙ˝ÁŸØ¨˛ & IGب˛, MʸÖÁ≥N≈rΔäˇ & Ì‹Gã‹, –˛$O∞ÖVä¸ & GÖGب˛ GÖÌ≥Mʸ: VÛ¸så˝ 2018 ›˘PΔÊˇ$ ßë”Δ> AøÊ˝≈ΔÊˇ$¶À$ –ö˛$$ÖßÊ˛$V> VÛ¸så˝ 2018Mϸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ ^Û˛Á‹$Mˆ∞ «hı‹âÁŸØ¨˛ Ø˛Ö. –ö˛_aØ˲ ô˲ΔÊˇ–Èô˲ØÛ˛ Gب˛GÃå˝Ì‹Mϸ AÁ≥œƒå˝$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝*Õ.

Gب˛GÃå˝Ì‹ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ {Á≥{MϸƒÊ˝$ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖøÊ˝Ö: 2018 fØ˲–ö˛« 6 Ø˲$Ö_ Gب˛GÃå˝Ì‹ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢Mʸ$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: 2018 fØ˲–ö˛« 27 VÛ¸så˝ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢Mʸ$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 5 VÛ¸så˝ –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.gate.iitg.ac.inGب˛GÃå˝Ì‹ –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.nlcindia.com

‘Ë˝∞–ÈΔÊˇÖ 23 Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫ΔÊˇ$ 2017

Á‹tyÓ˛

BÖ{´ßÊ˛gZ≈Ü

15

H ow to Score 1 0 / 1 0 G PA in M athematics 10th class study plan P. Apparao

Real Numbers

Senior Faculty

Progressions Linear Equations in Two Variables

Polynomials

Sets

E߯≈V>À$

Quadratic Equations

IIsÏ˝ V>Ö´©Ø˲VʸΔäˇ&GÖsÒ˝Mä¸

CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ CØå˛Ì‹tr*≈så˝ Bãú sÒ˝M>≤Ài (IIsÏ˝)& V>Ö´©Ø˲VʸΔäˇ, GÖsÒ˝Mä¸ M¯ΔÊˇ$fiÃZ {Á≥–Û˛‘È∞Mϸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ÀØ˲$ B‡”∞›˘¢Ö®.

BÁúΔäˇ ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ø˲≤ Ú‹µÁŸÃÒ˝OgÙ˝ÁŸØå˛À$: ∫ƒÊ˝$ÃÍhMʸÃå˝ CÖf±«ÖVä¸, M¸—$MʸÃå˝, Ì‹—Ãå˝, MʸÖÁ≥N≈rΔäˇ Ú‹OØå˛fi AÖyä˛ CÖf±«ÖVä¸, GΔäˇ¢ Ì‹Á‹t–í˛$ Ú‹OØå˛fi, GÀ{MϸtMʸÃå˝ CÖf±«ÖVä¸, –˛$sÓ˝«ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝fi Ú‹OØå˛fi AÖyä˛ CÖf±«ÖVä¸, –˛$M>∞MʸÃå˝. ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢: BØå˛ÃÒ˝OØå˛ ßë”Δ> ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢Mʸ$ _–ö˛« ôÛ˛©: Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫Δäˇ 29, 2017.

–˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: http://www.iitgn.ac.in/

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Sakshi Vidya Online Edition www.sakshieducation.com/Vidya.aspx

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CçÜ$MýSOò³ ò³ÇVóS Ððl¬MýSP˯]l$ HÐ]l$° í³Ë$Ýë¢Æý‡$? íÜòßæ^Œæ. §ólÐ]lÆ>k çÜ»ñæjMýS$t °ç³#×æ$Ë$

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AyýlÑ BÐ]lÆý‡×æ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦÌZ çÜ…QÅ í³Æý‡Ñ$yŠæ BMýS–† H Ñ«§ýl…V> E…r$…¨?

1) °Ë$Ð]l#V> 2) Oòܵ…yìlÌŒæ 3) ™èlËMìS…§ýl$Ë$V> 4) H©M>§ýl$ 13. "çÜçßæf Ñ^óle§ýl¯]lM>Æý‡$Ë$' (Natural Scavengers) A° Ðólsìæ° í³Ë$Ýë¢Æý‡$?

1) çÜ*„ýSÃiÐ]l#Ë$ 2) 糄ýS$Ë$ 3) ^ólç³Ë$ 4) MýSç³µË$ 14. KgZ¯Œæ ´÷Æý‡¯]l$ H {ç³Ð]l*×êÌZÏ MöË$Ýë¢Æý‡$?

1) OÐðl${M>¯]l$Ï 2) òÜ…sîæÒ$rÆý‡$Ï 3) Ñ$ÎÏ Ò$rÆý‡$Ï 4) yéºÞ¯Œæ ĶæÊ°r$Ï 15. {§ýlÐ]lÅÆ>Õ í³Æý‡Ñ$yŠæ H BÐ]lÆý‡×æ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦÌZ ™èlËMìS…§ýl$Ë$V> E…r$…¨?

1) ArÒ BÐ]lÆý‡×æ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ 2) VýSyìlz BÐ]lÆý‡×æ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ 3) Mö˯]l$ BÐ]lÆý‡×æ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ 4) Oò³ÐólÒM>Ð]l# 16. çÜÆý‡çÜ$ÞÌZ° H Ð]l$…yýlË…ÌZ MìSÆý‡×æf¯]lÅ çÜ…Äñæ*VýS{MìSĶæ$ Æó‡r$, Ô>ÓçÜ{MìSĶæ$ Æó‡r$ çÜÐ]l*¯]l…V> E…sêƇ¬?

1) ÍsêtÆý‡ÌŒæ gZ¯Œæ 2) ÍÐ]l$²sìæMŠæ gZ¯Œæ 3) {´÷眅yýlÌŒæ gZ¯Œæ 4) »ñæ…¤MŠæ gZ¯Œæ 17. "Ð]l¯]lÅ{´ë×ìæ (çÜ…Æý‡„ýS×æ) çÜÐ]lÆý‡×æ ^èlrt…'¯]l$ H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ Æý‡*´÷…¨…^éÆý‡$?

18.

19.

1) 2002 3) 1972

Hï³ï³GïÜÞ f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü ç³Æ>ÅÐ]lÆý‡×æ…

{ç³™ólÅMýS… 23.

2) 2012 4) 1986

f™èlç³Æý‡^èl…yìl. gê¼™é-I i) G°ÓÆ>¯ŒæÐðl$…rÌŒæ C…´ëMŠæt AòÜ‹ÜÐðl$…sŒæ ¯øsìæíœMóSçÙ¯Œæ ii) MøçÜtÌŒæ Æð‡VýS$ÅÌôæçÙ¯Œæ gZ¯Œæ &1 ¯øsìæíœMóSçÙ¯Œæ iii) ¨ C…yìlĶæ$¯Œæ œ í çÙÈ‹Ü Ä¶æ*MŠæt iv) ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ G°ÓÆ>¯ŒæÐðl$…rÌŒæ Aí³µÌôæsŒæ A£éÇsîæ Ķæ*MŠæt gê¼™é-II a) 1997 b) 1987 c) 1994 d) 1991 1) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 2) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b 3) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a 4) i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a

À¯]l² BÐ]lÆý‡×æ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦÌZÏ° iÐ]l çÜÐ]l¬§éĶæ*ÌZÏ gê™èl$Ë$, BÐéÝëË Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ™ólyé˯]l$ ™ðlÍõ³ OÐðlÑ«§ýlÅ™èl H¨?

1) α- OÐðlÑ«§ýlÅ™èl 2) β- OÐðlÑ«§ýlÅ™èl 3) γ- OÐðlÑ«§ýlÅ™èl 4) Oò³Ð]l±² 20. "òܵÆý‡ÃMø‹Ü {íÜtM>t' H ÌZçßæ… GMýS$PÐ]lV> E¯]l² Ð]l$–†¢MýSÌZÏ ò³Æý‡$VýS$™èl$…¨?

1) C¯]l$Ð]l2) AË*ÅÑ$°Ä¶æ$…

3) Ððl$X²íÙĶæ$…

4) º…V>Æý‡…

21. ç³ÕaÐ]l$ MýS¯]l$Ð]l$Ë$ A™èlÅ«¨MýS…V> H iÐ]l#Ë OÐðlÑ«§éÅ°² MýSÍW E¯é²Æ‡¬?

1) ç³…r Ððl¬MýSPË$ 2) çÜÈçÜ–´ëË$ 3) E¿¶æĶæ$ ^èlÆ>Ë$ 4) 糄ýS$Ë$ 22. Ð]l$¯]l§ólÔ¶æ… Ððl¬™èl¢… ¿¶æ*¿êVýS…ÌZ GyéÆý‡$Ë$ G…™èlÔ>™èl… ÑçܢDž_ E¯é²Æ‡¬?

24.

25.

1) 5.6 3) 4

2) 16.2 4) 6.6

1) 175 GW 3) 90 GW

2) 220 GW 4) 100 GW

¿êÆý‡™èl§ólÔ¶æ… 2022 Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ ™èlÇW´ù° C…«§ýl¯é°² G…™èlÔ>™èl… E™èlµ†¢ ^ólĶæ*Ë° °Æý‡~Ƈ¬…_…¨? Ð]l$¯]l§ólÔ¶æ… Ððl¬™èl¢… ¿¶æ*¿êVýS…ÌZ gê¡Ä¶æ$ ´ëÆý‡$PË$ G…™èlÔ>™èl… ÑçܢDž_ E¯é²Æ‡¬?

1) 1.25 3) 6.6

2) 5 4) 10.6

"¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ º*ÅÆø B‹œ Ķæ*°Ð]l$ÌŒæ gñæ°sìæMýSÌŒæ ÇÝùÆð‡Þ‹Ü' (NBAGR)¯]l$ GMýSPyýl HÆ>µr$ ^ólÔ>Æý‡$?

1) V>…«©¯]lVýSÆŠæ 2) MýSÆý‡²ÌŒæ 3) B¯]l…§Šæ 4) ÉìlÎÏ 26. ¿êÆý‡™èl {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… G°² OÐðl${M>¯]lÏ MýS…sôæ ™èlMýS$PÐ]l ç³ÇÐ]l*×æ… E¯]l² ´ëÏíÜtMŠæ¯]l$ °õÙ«¨…_…¨?

1) 20 OÐðl${M>¯ŒæÞ 2) 40 OÐðl${M>¯ŒæÞ 3) 50 OÐðl${M>¯ŒæÞ 4) 60 OÐðl${M>¯ŒæÞ 27. ™ðlËÏ ç³#Ë$ËMýS$ {ç³íܨ® ^ðl…¨¯]l gê¡Ä¶æ$ ´ëÆý‡$P H¨?

1) Æý‡×æ™èl…»ZÆŠæ 2) º…©ç³NÆŠæ 3) íÜÑ$Ï´ëÌŒæ 4) C…{§éÐ]l† 28. «§ýlÓ° H Ýë¦Æ‡¬ ¡{Ð]l™èlMýS$ ™é™éPÍMýS ^ðlÐ]l#yýl$ HÆý‡µyýl$™èl$…¨?

1) 50-80 yðlíܺ$ÌŒæÞ 2) 80-110 yðlíܺ$ÌŒæÞ 3) 110-180 yðlíܺ$ÌŒæÞ 4) 180-220 yðlíܺ$ÌŒæÞ 29. ™éVýS$±sìæÌZ A™èlÅ«¨MýS…V> H ËÐ]l×êË$ E…yýlr… Ð]lËÏ ±Í MýSâ¶æÏ ÐéÅ«¨ (Blue baby syndrome) çÜ…¿¶æÑçÜ$¢…¨?

1) çÜÌôæ¹sŒæÞ 2) ´ëõܵsŒæÞ 3) O¯ðl{sôæsŒæÞ 4) O»ñæM>Æø¾¯ólsŒæÞ 30. "¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ Ķæ*…¼Ä¶æ$…sŒæ GƇ¬ÆŠæ M>ÓÍsîæ Ýët…yéÆŠæzÞ' (NAAQS)¯]l$ H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$?

1) 1990 3) 1980

2) 1994 4) 1986

1) 50% 3) 80%

2) 30% 4) 90%

42.

"C…yìlĶæ$¯Œæ C¯ŒæíÜtr*ÅsŒæ B‹œ ¸ëÆð‡‹Üt Ðól$¯ólgŒæÐðl$…sŒæ' GMýSPyýl E…¨?

1) ¯]l*ÅÉìlÎÏ 31. "çßæÇ™èl VýS–çßæ {糿êÐ]l…' A¯ól 糧鰲 ™öÍÝëÇ Eç³Äñæ*W…_¯]l Ô>ç܈Ðól™èl¢?

2) †Æý‡$Ð]l¯]l…™èlç³#Æý‡…

1) sôæËÆŠæ 2) sꯌæ õÜÏ 3) yðl{àyýl*¯Œæ 4) ¿Z´ëÌŒæ 3) ¸ëÇĶæ$ÆŠæ 4) çßæ‹ÜçܯŒæ 43. Ð]lÅMìS¢VýS™èl BÐ]lÆý‡×æ Ô>݈밲 HÐ]l$…sêÆý‡$?

32. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ çÜOÆð‡¯]l f™èl H¨?

1) ArM>Ëi 1) »êçÜÌŒæ çܧýlçÜ$Þ & iÐ]lOÐðlÑ«§ýlÅ çÜ…Æý‡„ýS×æ 2) íܯ]lM>Ëi 3) ¸ëÆøÃM>Ëi 2) Ð]l*…{sìæĶæ$ÌŒæ {´ùsZM>ÌŒæ & VøϺ̌æ 4) òßæsìæÆøËi ÐéÇÃ…VŠæ 44. Ðé™éÐ]lÆý‡×æ…ÌZ O¯ðl{sZf¯Œæ iÐ]l çÜ…º…«§ýl 3) MøÅsZ {´ùsZM>ÌŒæ& Ö™øçÙ~íܦ†ÌZ 糧ýl®™èl$Ë §éÓÆ> G…™èl Ô>™èl… íܦÈMýSÆý‡×æ Ð]l*Æý‡$µË$ fÆý‡$VýS$™èl$…¨?

4) Æ>ÐŒl$çÜÆŠæ MýS¯ðlÓ¯]lÛ¯Œæ & ¿¶æ*VýSÆý‡Â fË ç³Ç1) 60 2) 70 Æý‡„ýS×æ 3) 80 4) 90 33. iÐ]l™èl M>Ë… ç³NÆý‡¢Æ‡¬¯]l ïÜG‹œGÌŒæ ºË$¾Ë 45. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ AÐ]l„óS糯]l Ð]lËĶæ$… H¨? ¯]l$…_ Ñyýl$§ýlËÄôæ$Å ¿êÆý‡ ÌZçßæ… H¨?

1) BMìSÞf¯Œæ Ð]lËĶæ$…

1) Mø»êÌŒæt 2) ¸ùÏǯŒæ 2) M>Æý‡¾¯Œæ Ð]lËĶæ$…

3) h…MŠæ 4) Ððl$Æý‡$PÅÈ 3) O¯ðl{sZf¯Œæ Ð]lËĶæ$…

34. "OòÜÌñæ…sŒæ {íܵ…VŠæ' ç³#çÜ¢MýS… {糫§é¯]l…V> H 4) ¸ëçܵÆý‡‹Ü Ð]lËĶæ$…

M>Ë$çÙÅ M>Æý‡MýS… VýS$Ç…_ ÑÐ]lÇçÜ$¢…¨?

46. CçÜ$MýSOò³ ò³ÇVóS Ððl¬MýSP˯]l$ HÐ]l$° 1) C¯Œæ{yìl¯Œæ 2) yîlyîlsîæ í³Ë$Ýë¢Æý‡$?

3) Í£ýl¯éÌŒæÞ 4) O»ñæ휯éÌŒæÞ 1) Oòßæ{yøOòœsŒæÞ 2) àÌZOòœsŒæÞ 35. JyìlÔ>ÌZ Ðól§é…™Œæ MýS…ò³±MìS Ð]lņÆó‡MýS…V> 3) Í£øOòœsŒæÞ 4) çÜÐðl$ÃOòœsŒæÞ "AÐ]l™éÆŠæ E§ýlÅÐ]l$…' ^ólç³sìæt¯]l WÇf¯]l H¨? 47. "ÐérÆŠæ Ð]l*ůŒæ B‹œ C…yìlĶæ*'V> 1) CÆý‡$â¶æ 2) O»ñæV>â¶æ$ õ³Æö…¨¯]l ÐéÆý‡$?

3) Mø…yŠæÞ 4) JÆ>¯ŒæÞ 1) íÜ.òßæ^Œæ. çßæ¯]l$Ð]l$…™èlÆ>Ð]l# 36. ĶæÊG¯ŒæÐø "A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$ ´ëÇÔ¶æ$§ýl®Å 2) Æ>gôæ…{§ýl íÜ…VŠæ 3) çÜ$…§ýlÆŠæÌêÌŒæ ºçßæ$VýS$×æ çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…'V> §ól°² {ç³MýSsìæ…_…¨?

1) 2008 2) 2005 4) AÆý‡$…«§ýl¡ Æ>ÄŒæ$ 48. Ð]lÆý‡ÌŒæz Ñ$sìæĶæ$Æ>ËhMýSÌŒæ BÆý‡YO¯ðlgôæçÙ¯Œæ, 3) 2006 4) 2000 (WMO), Ķæ¬O¯ðlsñæyŠæ ¯ólçÙ¯ŒæÞ G°ÓÆ>¯Œæ37. "º*Ï M>Æý‡¾¯Œæ' A° §ól°² í³Ë$Ýë¢Æý‡$?

1) Ð]l*…{VýS*ÐŒæÞ 2) çÜÆøYÝë Ððl¬MýSPË$ Ððl$…sŒæ {´ù{V>ÐŒl$ (UNEP) MýSÍíÜ C…rÆŠæ3) çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl ¯é^èl$ VýSÐ]lÆý‡²Ððl$…rÌŒæ ´ëůðlÌŒæ B¯Œæ MðS•ÏÐól$sŒæ ból…gŒæ' 4) Oò³Ð]l±² (IPCC)¯]l$ H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ HÆ>µr$ 38. BàÆý‡ Զ斅Q…ÌZ° {糆 ´ùçÙMýS Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ ^ólÔ>Ƈ¬?

G…™èl Ô¶æMìS¢° Ñ°Äñæ*W™èlÐ]l$Ð]l#™èl$…¨?

1) 1988 2) 1992 39.

gê™èl$Ë OÐðlÑ«§ýlÅ™èl GMýS$PÐ]lV> E¯]l² BÐ]lÆý‡×æ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ H¨?

1) çÜ™èl™èl çßæÇ™èl AÆý‡×êÅË$ 2) çÜÐ]l$Ö™øçÙ~ BMýS$Æ>Ë$a AyýlÐ]l#Ë$ 3) OsñæV> AyýlÐ]l#Ë$ 4) Ð]l*…{VýS*ÐŒæÞ AyýlÐ]l#Ë$ 40. {糿¶æ$™éÓË$.. Ðé™éÐ]lÆý‡×æ…, AyýlÐ]l#Ë$, f…™èl$Ð]l#Ë çÜ…Æý‡„ýS×æMýS$ ™èlW¯]l ^èlÆý‡ÅË$ ¡çÜ$MøÐéË° Æ>gêÅ…VýS…ÌZ° G¯ø² BÇtMýSÌŒæÌZ õ³ÆöP¯é²Æý‡$?

1) 45(¼) 2) 48(G) 3) 49(íÜ) 4) 51(G) 41. ÇÄñæ*+10 çÜÐ]l*ÐólÔ>°² H ¯]lVýSÆý‡…ÌZ °Æý‡Óíßæ…^éÆý‡$?

1) ÇÄñæ* yìl gñæ°Æø 2) ¯]lVøĶæ* 3) gZòßæ¯ðl²‹Ü ºÆŠæY 4) ÐéÆ>Þ

49.

3) 1994

4) 1995

MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ A…™èlÇ…_´ùƇ¬¯]l iÐ]l#Ë$ HÑ?

1) yøyø 2) ´ëíÜ…fÆŠæ ï³hĶæ$¯Œæ 3) BíÜĶæ* _Æý‡$™èl 4) Oò³Ð]l±²

çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$ 1) 3 6) 1 11) 3 16) 2 21) 3 26) 2 31) 4 36) 1 41) 3 46) 4

2) 3 7) 2 12) 2 17) 1 22) 4 27) 3 32) 3 37) 4 42) 4 47) 2

3) 2 8) 2 13) 1 18) 4 23) 1 28) 2 33) 4 38) 4 43) 1 48) 1

4) 4 9) 1 14) 4 19) 2 24) 1 29) 3 34) 2 39) 1 44) 4 49) 4

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The antonym of ameliorate is: K. Lalitha Bai Subject Expert

MODEL QUESTIONS Directions (Q.No. 1-5): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/ error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the number of that part with error as your answer. If there is 'No error', mark (5) as your answer.

1. India expresses concern (1)/ regarding the ongoing violence (2)/ in Myanmar's Rakhine province that has triggered (3)/ an exodus of the Rohingya into Bangladesh. (4)/ No error (5) 2. Despite growing pressure (1)/ from family and visible signs of threats, (2)/ the rationalist say he knows (3)/ no other way but to fight till the end. (4)/ No error (5) 3. According to Deloitte India is poised to emerge (1)/ an economic superpower, (2)/ driven in part by its young population, (3)/ while China and the Asian Tigers age rapidly. (4)/ No error (5) 4. The Centre told the Supreme Court (1)/ that the Rohingya Muslims are illegal immigrants in the country (2)/ and there continuous stay posed (3)/ serious national security ramifications.

(4)/ No error (5) 5. To improve its efficiency (1)/ all income tax officers (2)/ will be provided (3)/ with laptops by next year. (4) / No error (5) Directions (Q.No.6-10): Rearrange the following six sentences (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) in a proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below.

A) Winds dropped to a quite potent 185 kph by the time Irma made landfall on Marco Island, on the Florida Peninsula, still a major and dangerous hurricane yet not near its 297 kph former self when it set a record on Tuesday for the most powerful storm in the open Atlantic.

B) Irma hit the Sunshine State as a big wide beast, though not quite the monster it once was shaping up to be.

C) And on top of that, Irma avoided what could have been its most destructive paths along the Florida Peninsula over Miami and the heavily developed Atlantic seaboard.

D) Irma's assault so soon after

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Harvey's deluge of Houston marked the first time the U.S. was hit by two Category 4 storms in the same year.

E) Before crashing into Florida, Hurricane Irma set all sorts of records for brute strength as it flattened Caribbean islands and swamped the Florida Keys.

F) Earlier, it was the most powerful recorded storm in the open Atlantic.

What is the FIRST sentence after rearrangement?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) E What is the SECOND sentence after rearrangement?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) F What is the FOURTH sentence after rearrangement?

1) A 2) B 3) D 4) E 5) F What is the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) F What is the LAST sentence after rearrangement?

1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) F

Directions (Q. No.11-15): Each question below has a blank/two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the word/set of words from the five options for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

11. Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday ____ for innovation and ____ skills among the youth and asked them to work for a modern India.

1) batted, promoting 2) tapped, proposing 3) bet, developing 4) proposed, primary 5) enlightened, technical 12. The Centre has ____ funds for the purchase of bullet-proof vehicles for Jammu and Kashmir Police ____.

1) allotted, person 2) located, people 3) allocated, personnel 4) altered, populace 5) owed, body 13. ____ promises by politicians year after year, VIP culture continues to ____ in India 1) Despite, thrive 2) Inspite, strive 3) Further, diminish 4) Although, perish 5) However, flourish 14. Mass education system ____ lot of ____ on teaching and very little on learning.

1) claims, regards 2) teaches, elements 3) absorbs, works 4) lays, stress 5) finds, shortcomings 15. Hardly ____ he reached the jetty

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____ the boat sank.

1) did, than 2) as, when 3) had, when 4) when, than 5) does, than Directions (Q.No. 16-20) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.

Certain words have been printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.

Despite the latest move by the Army to induct 800 women into its ranks, cold facts show that the Indian military is the last bastion of male dominance in the government. Many women in uniform are hoping that the country's first full-time women Defence Minister will take bold decisions against what they allege are systemic discrimination against women. Though Indian military has only a minuscule number of women in service, a noticeably large number of them are fighting court cases or complaints against discrimination in various forums. Over the past three years, with the government's focus on women's empowerment, the three services have taken some steps for expanding avenues for women, but several issues still remain. However, recruitment numbers of the past few years are almost at the same level with a decline in women joining the Army. While the issue of women in combat roles gets traction often, another aspect mostly neglected is the issue of permanent commission.

The Navy is now taking women as pilots and observers on fixed-wing aircraft. This is the Short Service Commission (SSC) because they cannot be promoted as they cannot do sea service. The biggest catch is that women officers are taken under the SSC which is up to 14 years. Due to this, those leaving are left without any pension as pensionable service is 20 years. Commander Edayilliam stated that the ATC officers' course that they had undergone at the Air Force Academy in Dindigul was not recognized at par with the civil course at the Civil Aviation Training College, Allahabad. "So it is extremely difficult to get a second career based on it," she told.

"Navy is a wonderful service. We

want more and more qualified people to join it," she added, longing for the uniform she once donned.

This is where there would be great expectations from Ms. Sitharaman to understand the intricacies and open the services. A group of Military Nursing Service members have been fighting the government for over a decade, demanding that they be treated as full officers. The Supreme Court has taken a firm stand, asking the military to ameliorate their condition. They are also hoping that the new defence minister will appreciate their plight. Former Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar had stated that the three services would induct women in combat roles in a phased manner as infrastructure had to be created.

The Indian Air Force has long had women pilots in transport and helicopters streams and last year commissioned three women fighter pilots on an experimental basis. Similarly, the Army gives permanent commission for women only in education, law and medical streams. But given the operational conditions and spread, the Army has been the most reluctant to take women in combat roles.

16. All the sentences are true except one from the following: 1) The bitter fact is Indian Military is predominantly male dominated 2) Women are optimistic about bold decisions against discrimination 3) A large number of women are averse to court cases 4) Inspite of some steps taken by the three services, several issues still trouble 5) Recruitment numbers of the past few years see no change 17. Identify the correct statements from the following: a) The army has been keen to take women in combat roles b) The state-of-the-art facilities are available for women in the three services 1) Only a 2) Only b 3) Both a & b 4) Neither a nor b 5) Either a or b 18. The synonym of bastion is: 1) Citadel 2) Epitaph 3) Cenotaph 4) Monument 5) Antique 19. Donned means: 1) Take off 2) Put on 3) Pull out 4) Get in 5) Throw off 20. The antonym of ameliorate is: 1) Modernize 2) Mitigate 3) Promote 4) Aggravate 5) Progress Directions: (Q.No.21-25) Which of the phrases (1), (2), (3), and (4)

given below each sentence should replace the phrase underlined in the sentence to make it grammatically correct. If there is no error mark (5) No correction required as your answer.

21. The book has withstood the advent of the cinema, television, and personal computer and are likely to be there in centuries to come 1) The book has withstood the advent of the cinema, television, personal computer and are likely 2) The book has withstood the advent of the cinema, television, and personal computer and are liable 3) Books have withstood the advent of the cinema, television, and personal computer and are likely 4) The book withstood the advent of the cinema, television, personal computer and is likely 5) No correction required 22. We are eliminating languages, traditional diets, and eroding cultural practices at an alarming rate.

1) We are eliminating languages, changing traditional diets, and cultural practices at an alarming rate.

2) We are eliminating languages, changing traditional diets, and eroding cultural practices at an alarming rate.

3) Languages, traditional diets, and cultural practices are being eroded at an alarming rate.

4) Languages, traditional diets, and cultural practices are being eliminated alarmingly fast.

5) No correction required 23. We decided to begin the meeting till he arrives.

1) since he arrives 2) when he arrives 3) when he arrived 4) on arrival 5) No correction required 24. The employees successfully carried out his instructions.

1) carried on 2) carried of 3) carry 4) carry to 5) No correction required 25. You cannot dismiss him unless you had a good reason.

1) until having 2) without 3) except you have 4) until to have 5) No correction required KEY 1) 1 2) 3 3) 2 4) 3 5) 1 6) 5 7) 4 8) 5 9) 1 10) 3 11) 1 12) 3 13) 1 14) 4 15) 3 16) 3 17) 4 18) 1 19) 2 20) 4 21) 3 22) 3 23) 3 24) 5 25) 2

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3) A…™èlÆ>¦¯]lÐ]l$Ð]l#™èl$¯]l² MýS…ò³±Ë$, Ð]lÅÐ]lÝë¦ç³MýS$Ë$, Ð]l$Æð‡a…sŒæ »êÅ…MýSÆý‡ÏOò³ ^èlÆý‡ÅË$ ¡çÜ$MøÐ]lyýl….

4) ÐésêË º¨Î °º…«§ýl¯]lË çÜÆý‡äMýSÆý‡×æ. Ð]lÊË«§ýl¯]l Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæÌZ ´ë™èl òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæË AÐ]l$ÃMýS…, Mö¯]l$Vøâ¶æÏÌZ; ¨Ó¡Ä¶æ$ Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæ °Æý‡Óçßæ×æÌZ ÝëtMŠæ GMóSÞe…gŒæË ´ë{™èl G…™ø {´ëÐ]l¬QÅ™èl¯]l$ çÜ…™èlÇ…^èl$MýS$…¨. òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæ M>…{sêMýS$tË ({MýSÐ]l$º§ýl®) ^èlrt… {ç³M>Æý‡… ÝëtMŠæ GMóSÞe…gŒæ A…sôæ òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæË AÐ]l$ÃMýS…, Mö¯]l$Vøâ¶æÏ ÐéÅ´ëÆý‡/Ð]lÆý‡¢MýS °Ä¶æ$…{™èl×æMýS$/çÜ$Ë¿¶æ™èlÆý‡… ^ólĶæ$yé°MìS HÆ>µOsñæ¯]l, ¯]lÐðl*O§ðl¯]l Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë çÜ…çœ$….

A…§ýl$Ð]lËÏ òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæË Mö¯]l$VøË$, Ñ{MýSĶæ$ Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæ¯]l$ ÝëtMŠæ GMóSÞe…gŒæË$ A…sêÆý‡$.

BíÜĶæ*ÌZ° ç³#Æ>™èl¯]l ÝëtMŠæ GMóSÞe…gŒæ AƇ¬¯]l »Ÿ…»êƇ¬ ÝëtMŠæ GMóSÞe…gŒæ¯]l$ ¨ ¯ólsìæÐŒæ õÙÆŠæ A…yŠæ ÝëtMŠæ {»ZMýSÆŠæÞ AÝùíÜÄôæ$çÙ¯Œæ §éÓÆ> 1875ÌZ »Ÿ…»êƇ¬ÌZ° §ýlÌêÌŒæ {ïÜtsŒæÌZ Ýë¦í³…^éÆý‡$. ©°MìS òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæ‹Ü M>…{sêMŠæt Æð‡VýS$ÅÌôæçÙ¯Œæ Ķæ*MŠæt&1956 {ç³M>Æý‡… {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… 1957ÌZ ÝëtMŠæ GMóSÞe…gŒæ VýS$Ç¢…ç³# MýS͵…_…¨.

AÌêVóS ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ ÝëtMŠæ GMóSÞe…gŒæ B‹œ C…yìlĶæ*MýS$ 1993 H{í³ÌŒæÌZ òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæ‹Ü M>…{sêMŠæt Æð‡VýS$ÅÌôæçÙ¯Œæ Ķæ*MŠæt&1956 {ç³M>Æý‡… VýS$Ç¢…ç³# ËÀ…_…¨. 1994 ¯]l$…_ Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæ M>Æý‡ÅMýSÌê´ë˯]l$ °Æý‡ÓíßæÝù¢…¨. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… ÝëtMŠæ GMóSÞe…gŒæË M>Æý‡ÅMýSÌê´ë˱² B¯ŒæOÌñ毌æÌZ¯ól fÆý‡$VýS$™èl$¯é²Æ‡¬. õÙÆý‡Ï¯]l$ ¿o†MýS Æý‡*ç³…ÌZ M>MýS$…yé GË{M>t°MŠæ Æý‡*ç³…ÌZMìS Ð]l*Æ>aÆý‡$. Òsìæ° yîlÐ]l*ÅsŒæ õÙÆý‡$Ï A…sêÆý‡$. Òsìæ °Æý‡Óçßæ×æMýS$ 1986ÌZ {糿¶æ$™èlÓ… ÝëtMŠæ çßZÍz…VŠæ M>ÆöµÆó‡çÙ¯Œæ B‹œ C…yìlĶæ*¯]l$ ¯ðlËMö͵…¨. ÝëtMŠæ Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæÌZ òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæË AÐ]l$ÃM>Ë$, º¨ÎË °Æý‡Óçßæ×æÌZ ò³r$tºyìl§éÆý‡$ËMýS$ A¯ólMýS Ð]l$…¨ Ð]l$«§ýlÅÐ]lÆý‡$¢Ë$V> Ð]lÅÐ]lçßæÇÝë¢Æý‡$. ÐéÆý‡$.. 1. {»ZMýSÆý‡$Ï; 2. gêºÆý‡$Ï; 3. yîlËÆý‡$Ï; 4. º§éÏ Oòœ¯é°ÛĶæ$ÆŠæË$; 5. BǾ{sôæyýlÆŠæÞ; 6. ò³r$tºyìl çÜËà§éÆý‡$Ë$; 7. ´ùÆý‡$t¸ùÍÄñæ* Ðól$¯ólfÆý‡$Ï; 8. çÜ»Œæ {»ZMýSÆý‡$Ï; 9. ¸ùÏÆŠæ {»ZMýSÆŠæÞ.

& MðS.Æý‡Ð]l$, ÑÔ>Qç³r²….

{í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ-¯ŒlÌZ ¿êVýS…V> A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ ™öË$™èl VýS×ìæ-™èl…-ÌZ° {´ë£ýl-Ñ$MýS ¿êÐ]l¯]lËOò³ ç³r$t Ý뫨…^éÍ. çÜ…QÅ-Ë$-&-çÜ…-RêÅ-Ð]l*-¯éË$; {´ë£ýl-Ñ$MýS VýS×ìæ™èl ç³Ç-{MìS-Ķæ$Ë$; M>Æý‡-×ê…-M>Ë$, VýS$×ìæ-gêË$, MýS.Ýë.VýS$, À¯é²Ë MýS*yìlMýSË$, ¡íÜ-Ðól-™èlË$, VýS$×æ-M>Æ>Ë$, ¿êVýS-àÆý‡…, Ý뫧é-Æý‡×æ À¯]l²…, Ñ${Ô¶æÐ]l$ À¯]l²…, çÜÒ$-MýS-Æý‡-×ê-Ë$-&-Ýë-«§ýl¯]l; çœ*™é…-M>-Ë$-&çœ*-™é-ËOò³ AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l ò³…´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. ©°MìS ´ëuý‡Ô>Ë Ýë¦Æ‡¬ ´ëuý‡Å-ç³#-çÜ¢-M>-˯]l$ Eç³Äñæ*-W…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ-¯ŒlÌZ {´ëMîSt-‹ÜMýS$ {´ë«§é-¯]lÅ-Ñ$-ÐéÓÍ. Aí³Ï-MóS-çÙ¯Œl íÜPÌŒæÞ ò³…^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ.

■ yýlĶæ*-{VýSÐŒl$ Æý‡*ç³…ÌZ C_a¯]l yólsê A¯é-ËíÜ‹Ü, C…r-ÆŠ‡-{í³-sôæ-çÙ¯Œl; A¯]l-Í-sìæ-MýSÌŒæ C…r-ÆŠ‡-{í³sôæ-çÙ¯Œl B‹œ Ýëtsìæ-íÜt-MýSÌŒæ yólsê, »êÆŠ‡ {V>çœ#Ë$, OÌñ毌l {V>çœ#Ë$ ™èl¨-™èlÆý‡ A…Ô>-ËMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_¯]l çÜÐ]l$-çÜÅ-˯]l$ {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ*Í.

■ Ýëtsìæ-íÜt-MŠSÞMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_ Ð]lÅMìS¢-VýS™èl, çÜÐ]lÊçßæç³# {Ôóæ×æ$Ë$, ´û¯]l@-ç³#¯]lÅ Ñ¿ê-f-¯é-ËMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_ çÜVýSr$, Ð]l$«§ýlÅ-VýS™èl…, »êçßæ$â¶æMýS…, ÐéÅí³¢, Ð]l$«§ýlÅÐ]l$ Ñ^èl-˯]l…, ^èl™èl$-Æ>¦…Ô¶æ Ñ^èl-˯]l…, {MýSÐ]l$ Ñ^èl-˯]l…, ÑçÜ¢–†, Ñ^èl-˯]l VýS$×æMýS…, M>Ë…-&-§ýl*Æý‡…, M>Ë…-&-ç³° A…Ô>ËOò³ §ýl–íÙt-Ýë-Ç…-^éÍ. {†Mø-×æ-Ñ$†, G™èl$¢-Ë$-&§ýl*-Æ>Ë çÜÐ]l$-çÜÅË$ MýS*yé Ð]l¬QÅOÐðl$¯]lÐól.

■ Ìêh-MýSÌŒæ Èf-°…VŠS, M>Ó…sìæ-sôæ-sìæÐŒl Bí³t-r*ÅyŠlÌZ M>Ë…-&-ç³°, Ð]lyîlz, MóSË…-yýlÆŠ‡, VýSyìl-Ķæ*Æý‡… çÜÐ]l$-çÜÅ-˯]l$ çÜ$Ë$-Ð]l#V> ¯ólÆý‡$a-Mø-Ð]l^èl$a.

M>Ó…sìæ-sôæ-sìæÐŒl Bí³t-r*Å-yŠlÌZ çÜ…RêÅ Ð]lÅÐ]lçܦ, çÜVýSr$, °çÙµ†¢, Ô>™éË$ {糫§é-¯]l-OÐðl$-¯]lÑ.

■ §ýl™é¢…-Ô>°² Ð]l$¨…ç³# ^ólĶæ$yýl…, A¯]lÓ-Ƈ¬…^èlyýl…; »ŸÐ]l$ÃË Æý‡*ç³…ÌZ C_a¯]l §ýl™é¢…Ô>°² A¯]lÓ-Ƈ¬…-^èlyýl…; ¯]l…ºÆŠ‡ íÜÈ‹Ü, ¯]l…ºÆŠ‡ A¯é-Ëi, ÌñærÆŠ‡ íÜÈ‹Ü, ÌñærÆŠ‡ A¯é-Ë-i-ËOò³ ç³r$t Ý뫨õÜ¢ Møyìl…-VŠS& yîlMø-yìl…VŠS {ç³Ô¶æ²-ËMýS$ çÜ$Ë$Ð]l#V> çÜÐ]l*-«§é-¯éË$ Æ>Äñæ¬^èl$a.

■ °ÇªçÙt A…Ô¶æ… ÑÔóæÏ-çÙ-×æÌZ ¿êVýS…V> Ð]lÈY-MýS-Æý‡×æ, ´ùÍMýS, G…í³MýS, AÆó‡…-gŒæ-Ððl$…sŒæÞ, ¨MýS$P-˯]l$ {´ëMîSt‹Ü ^ólĶæ*Í.

■ ¸ëÆý‡$Ã-ÌêË$, M>¯ðlÞ-‹³tË$ C™èlÆý‡ Ð]l¬QÅ A…Ô>Ë gê¼™é Æý‡*´÷…-¨…-^èl$-MýS$° Ðésìæ° VýS$Æý‡$¢…-^èl$-MýS$¯ól {ç³Ä¶æ$™èl²… ^ólĶæ*Í.

AMðSP¯]lç³ÍÏ Ò$¯]lĶæ$Å GMýS¯éÑ$MŠSÞ (òßæ^ŒlÐøyîl)& ÇOsñæÆŠ‡z ¯éV>Æý‡$j¯]l {糿¶æ$™èlÓ yìl{X MýSâêÔ>Ë, ¯]lËÏVö…yýl

China launches world's fastest bullet train opened for signature on 20th September at United Nations Head quarters in New York. Brazil was the first country to sign onto the ban, followed by nations from Algeria to Venezuela. The Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty, is the first legally binding international agreement to comprehensively prohibit nuclear weapons, with the goal of leading towards their total elimination. It was passed on 7 July 2017. In order to come into effect, signature and ratification by at least 50 countries is required.

INTERNATIONAL ■

Russia and Iraq restore air travel Russia and Iraq restored scheduled commercial airline services on 17th September for the first time since 2004, in what officials hailed as a sign of stability returning to the war-torn country. Russia suspended regular flights to Iraq in 2004 after the US-led invasion in 2003 plunged the Arab country into war.

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China, Russia begin naval drills near North Korea China and Russia have started joint naval drills in the waters near the Russia-North Korea border. The exercises, which began on 18th September off Russia's southeastern port of Vladivostok, are the second part of China and Russia's 'Joint Sea-2017' programme that started in June. According to the Chinese official media - Xinhua, the drills, which include submarine rescue and anti-submarine exercises, are not directly linked to increasing tensions over North Korea

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Treaty banning nuclear weapons opens for signature at UN The world's first legally-binding treaty prohibiting nuclear weapons

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Karnataka roll out Electric Vehicle policy Karnataka is the first state to roll out an Electric Vehicle and Energy Storage Policy. The state government approved Electric Vehicle and Energy Storage Policy 2017. The initiative is in line with the union government's vision to make the country an all-electric vehicle market by 2031. The state estimates that it will be able to create employment for 55,000 individuals over the next few years through the Electric Vehicle industry. One of the top mandates for Karnataka's policy is to set up Electric Vehicle manufacturing zones along with facilities for

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CAD increases sharply According to the Reserve Bank, India's current account deficit increased sharply to 2.4% of GDP in first quarter, from 0.1 percent a year ago. Current account deficit is a measurement of a country's trade where the value of the goods and services it imports exceeds the value of the goods and services it exports.

This is the highest in four years as imports surged. In July the trade shortfall was $11.45 billion. In the first quarter of the last financial year, the current account deficit was 0.1 percent or $401 million. This is the highest level since the June quarter of 2013.

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Centre released new Metro Policy Union Government has released the new Metro Policy for expanding the metro network across various cities in the country. The policy was approved by the Union Cabinet in

features the competition trophy wrapped in blue and white, with eight shards of light around football at the top of the trophy symbolizing the eighth edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup. The slogan of the tournament "Dare To Shine" reflects the development of football, especially women's football. The 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup will be the 8th edition of the FIFA Women's World Cup, the quadrennial international women's football championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA between 7 June and 7 July 2019

August, 2017. The new Metro Policy empowers States..

To make rules and regulations To set up permanent Fare Fixation Authority for timely revision of fares It also makes Public Private Partnership component mandatory for availing central assistance for new metro projects Currently 370 kilometer metro network is under operation in seven cities while 537 kilometer network is under construction in 12 cities.

SPORTS ■

PV Sindhu triumphs India's P V Sindhu has lifted the women's singles title at the Korea Open Super Series badminton tournament. In the final at Seoul on 17th September, Sindhu defeated Nozomi Okuhara of Japan. With this she also got 2nd rank in the badminton circuit.

World trade likely to grow at 3.6% in 2017 According to the World Trade Organization report, released on 21st September, Global trade is rebounding strongly. Commerce expected to grow by 3.6 percent in 2017, well above last year's figure of 1.3 percent and also up from the WTO's April forecast of 2.4 percent.

The rapid acceleration was due to last year's low base, a resurgence of Asian trade flows and recovering North American import demand.

The pace will moderate next year and is estimated at 3.2 percent, within a range of 1.4-4.4 percent.

18 MLAs disqualified in TN Assembly Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Speaker P Dhanapal on 18th September disqualified the 18 AIADMK MLAs supporting T T V Dinakaran. The disqualification effectively reduces the state Assembly to 216 seats with 116 AIADMK MLAs, including the

Competitive Guidance

ECONOMY

Sardar Sarovar Project dedicated to nation Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 17th September dedicated to the nation the Sardar Sarovar Dam over the Narmada river, almost 56 years after its foundation stone was laid.

The construction of the Narmada dam, conceived by freedom fighter Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in 1946, is now complete and it has started supplying water. A multi-purpose project with irrigation, power and drinking water benefits, it is meant to benefit Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

On 5 April 1961, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru laid the foundation stone of the Narmada dam project.

However, it was only in 1987 that the contract was awarded to build the dam by 1996, but it remained embroiled in controversies between 1996 and 2000

NATIONAL ■

Centre for Animal Law set up at Hyderabad India's first Centre for Animal Law has been established at NALSAR University of Law, Hyderabad.

Union Minister for Women and Child Development Maneka Gandhi inaugurated the centre. The Centre will create curriculum on animal welfare laws, including developing topics for research. It will also conduct workshops on animal laws and animal welfare issues with judicial magistrates, animal welfare advocates, law enforcement agencies and other stakeholders in the government.

China launches world's fastest bullet train China launches fastest bullet train in the World, running between Beijing and Shanghai. The new bullet train operating between Shanghai and Beijing has broken the speed record for a passenger service by traveling at 350 kilometers per hour(kmph).

The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway once again became the world's fastest train after it being limited to 300 kmph six years ago.

The new train completes the 1,200kilometer journey in just under fourand-a-half hours. The previous generation of trains did it in six hours.

US resumes premium processing of H-1B visas The US has resumed premium processing of H-1B visas subject to a cap of 65,000. The service was suspended in April in view of a huge rush of applications. The H-1B is a non-immigrant visa in the United States set up under the Immigration and Nationality Act. It allows US employers to temporarily employ foreign workers in specialty occupations. It has also resumed for the 20,000 additional petitions for workers with US degrees. In such cases, there's a 15-day processing time. If it's not done by then, premium-processing fee is refunded and process expedited.

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Speaker. It also brings the total number of AIADMK seats lying vacant to 19. This disqualification will help the AIADMK get around the loss of majority support in the 234-member Assembly. They do not have the 'magic number of 117', but with 18 members disqualified, the half way point is lowered.

testing that can be used even by start-ups.

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Cabinet approves Revamped Khelo India Programme The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the revamped Khelo India programme at a cost of Rs.1,756 crore for the period 2017-18 to 2019-20. The revamped Khelo India Programme would impact the entire sports ecosystem, including infrastructure, community sports, talent identification, coaching for excellence, competition structure and sports economy.

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PERSONS IN NEWS ■

Ban-ki-Moon: Former United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon elected as Chair of Ethics Commission of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for a four-year term Raja Sadaram: The Telangana state government appointed Dr S. Raja Sadaram the Chief Information Commissioner while senior journalist Buddha Murali was named Information Commissioner for the TS Information Commission L.K.Advani: Senior BJP leader L K Advani has been renominated as Chairman of the Lok Sabha Ethics Committee by Speaker Sumitra Mahajan.

YC Modi: Senior IPS officer Y C Modi was named chief of the National Investigation Agency.

Official Slogan and Emblem of FIFA Women's World Cup launched The official emblem and slogan for FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019 were unveiled in Paris, France on 19th September. The emblem

Rajendra Sharma Current Affairs Faculty, Hyderabad

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 23,  2017-  

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MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

B. LAXMINARAYANA M.Sc., B.Ed., Senior Math Faculty 9849386253 lnmathsir@gmail.com

MATHS - 1 A

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 23,  2017-   NUCLEIC ACIDS

� The other type of macromolecule found in the acid

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insoluble fraction of any living tissue is the nucleic acid.

These are polynucleotides.

Together with polysaccharides and polypeptides these comprise the true macromolecular fraction of any living tissue or cell.

Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids.

In a nucleotide, one is a heterocyclic compound

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(purine or pyrimidine), the second is a monosaccharide (ribose or 2 deoxyribose sugar), and the third a phosphoric acid or phosphate. � The heterocyclic compounds in nucleic acid are the nitrogenous bases named adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine and thymine. � Adenine and Guanine are substituted purines while the rest are substituted pyrimidines. � The skeletal dicyclic and heterocyclic ring is called as purine and monocyclic and heterocyclic ring is called pyrimidine respectively.

The biomolecules can be called as?

BIOMOLECULES � All the carbon compounds that we get

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from living tissues can be called ‘biomolecules’ However, living organisms also have inorganic elements and compounds. To get this, a slightly different but destructive experiment has to be done.

One weighs a small amount of a living tissue (a leaf or liver and this is called wet weight) and dry it. All the water, evaporates. The remaining material gives dry weight.

If the tissue is fully burnt, all the carbon compounds are oxidised to gaseous form (CO2 water vapour) and are removed and the remaining is called ‘ash’. This ash contains inorganic elements (like calcium, magnesium etc).

Inorganic compounds like sulphate, phosphate, etc., are also seen in the acidsoluble fraction.

Therefore elemental analysis gives elemental composition of living tissues in the form of hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, carbon etc., while analysis of compounds gives an idea of the kind of organic and inorganic constituents present in living tissues.

From a biological point of view, we shall classify them into amino acids,

A List of Representative Inorganic Constituents of Living tissues Component Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium Water Compounds

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Formula Na+ K+ Ca+ Mg++ H 2O NaCl, CaCO3, PO43-, SO42-

nucleotide bases, fatty acids etc.

Amino acids are organic compounds containing an amino group and an acidic group as substituents on the same carbon i.e., the α - carbon.

Hence, they are called α - amino acids.

They are substituted methanes.

There are four substituent groups occupying the four valency positions.

These are hydrogen, carboxyl group, amino group and a variable group designated as R group.

Based on the nature of R group there are many amino acids. However, those which occur in proteins are only of twenty types.

The R group in these proteinaceous amino acids could be a hydrogen (glycine), a methyl group (alanine), hydroxyl methyl (serine), etc.

The chemical and physical properties of amino acids are essentially of the amino, carboxyl and R functional groups.

Based on number of amino and carboxyl groups, there are acidic (e.g., glutamic

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acid); basic (lysine) and neutral (valine) amino acids.

Similarly, there are aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan).

A particular property of amino acids is the ionizable nature of – NH2 and – COOH groups.

Hence in solutions of different pHs, the structure of amino acids changes.

The carboxyl group can lose a ‘H’ ion to become negatively charged. The amino group can accept a ‘H’ ion to become positively charged A zwitterions is a compound with no overall electric charge, but contains separate parts which are positively and negatively charged.

Lipids are generally water insoluble.

BOTANY � They could be simple fatty acids. � A fatty acid has a carboxyl group

attached to an R group. � The R group could be a methyl (-CH3), or ethyl (-C2H5) or higher number of Methylene –CH2 groups (1 carbon to 19 carbons) Eg: palmitic acid has 16 carbons including carboxyl carbon.

Arachidonic acid has 20 carbon atoms including the carboxyl carbon. � Fatty acids could be saturated (without double bond) or unsaturated (with one or more C = C double bonds). � Another simple lipid is glycerol which is trihydroxy propane. � Many lipids have both glycerol and fatty acids, the fatty acids are esterified with glycerol. � They can be monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides (glycerol + 3 fatty acids). � These are also called fats and oils based on melting point. � Oils have lower melting point (Eg: gingely oil) and hence remain as oil in winter. � Some lipids have phosphorous and a phosphorylated organic compound in them. These are phospholipids. They are found in cell membrane Eg: lecithin � Some tissues especially have a number of carbon compounds in which heterocyclic rings can be found. Some of these are nitrogen bases – adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil and thymine. � When these nitrogen bases found attached to a sugar, they are called nucleosides.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES � A list of biomolecules, have thousands of organic compounds including amino acids, sugars, etc. � The biomolecules can be called as ‘metabolites’. � The primary metabolites involved directly in growth and metabolism

Some Secondary Metabolites Pigments Alkaloids Terpenoides Essential oils Toxins Lectins Drugs Polymeric Substances

Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, etc.

Morphine, Codeine, etc.

Monoterpenes, Diterpenes etc.

Lemon grass oil, etc.

Abrin, Ricin Concanavalin A Vinblastin, curcumin, etc.

Rubber, gums, cellulose

Eg:carbohydrates, proteins, lipids. � When plant, fungal and microbial cells are analysed, thousands of compounds other than these primary metabolites can be observed These are called secondary metabolites.

Eg: alkaloids, flavonoids, rubber, essential oils, antibiotics, coloured pigments, scents, gums, spices etc.

BIOMACROMOLECULES � All those compounds found in the acid soluble pool have molecular weights ranging from 18 to around 800 daltons (Da) approximately. � The acid insoluble fraction, has only four types or organic compounds i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipids. � These classes of compounds with the exception of lipids, JUNIOR have molecular INTER weights in the range of ten thousand Daltons and above. � For this very reason, biomolecules, i.e., chemical compounds found in living organisms are of two types. � Those which have molecular weights less than one thousand Daltons and are usually referred to as micromolecules or simply biomolecules while those which are found in the acid insoluble fraction are called macromolecules or biomacromolecules. � The molecules in the insoluble fraction with the exception of lipids are polymeric substances. � Even though the molecular weight of lipids do not exceed 800 daltons, but they come under acid insoluble fraction, i.e., macromolecular fraction. � Lipids are indeed small molecular weight compounds and are present not only as such but also arranged into structures like cell membrane and other membranes. � When a tissue is ground, the cell structure will be disrupted. Cell membrane and other membranes are broken into pieces, and form vesicles which are not water soluble. � Therefore, these membrane fragments in the form of vesicles get separated along with the acid insoluble pool and hence in the macromolecular fraction. Lipids are not strictly macromolecules. � The acid soluble pool represents roughly the

Nakirekanti- Seenaiah Senior Faculty, Hyd 9440378146

cytoplasmic composition. The macromolecules from cytoplasm and organelles become the acid insoluble fraction. � From abundance point of view according to the chemical composition of living tissue water is the most abundant chemical in living organisms

Average composition of cells Component Water Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Ions

% of the total cellular mass 70 – 90 10 – 15 3 2 5–7 1

PROTEINS � Proteins are polypeptides. They are linear chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. � Each protein is a polymer of amino acids Eg: Alanine, cysteine, proline, tryptophan, lysine etc. � A protein is a heteropolymer and not a homopolymer. A homopolymer has only one type of monomer repeating ‘n’ number of times. � Certain amino acids are essential for our health and they have to be supplied through our diet. Hence, dietary proteins are the source of essential amino acids. � Amino acids can be essential or nonessential. The non essential amino acids (Alanine, Aspartic acid, Glutamine, Glycine etc.,) are those which our body can make, while we get essential amino acids (Tryptophan, Methionine, Valine, Lysine, etc.) through our diet/food. � Proteins carry out many functions in living organisms, some fight infectious organisms, some are hormones, some are enzymes etc. � Collagen (Fibrous protein) is the most abundant protein in animal world.

G.N. Ramachandran discovered the triple helical nature of collagen. � Ribulose Bisphosphate CarboxylaseOxygenase (Rubisco) is the most abundant protein in the whole of the biosphere.

Some Proteins and their Functions Protein Collagen Trypsin Insulin Antibody Receptor GLUT – 4

Functions Intercellular ground substance Enzyme Hormone Fights infectious agents Sensory reception smell, taste, hormone, etc.

Enables glucose transport into cells

6

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13

✪ RBI allowed systematically important Non-Banking Finance Companies to sell and market the new pension scheme (NPS).

Such NBFCs should have an asset size of Rs.500 crore

General Awareness 1. On 28 August 2017, who took charge as the new Chairman and Managing Director of SIDBI .....

1) Urjith Patel 2) T.S.Vijayan 3) Hemant C Contractor 4) R.S.Sharma 5) Mohammad Mustafa 2. SIDBI stands for .....

1) Small Industries and Dairy Bank of India 2) Simple Industries Development Bank of India 3) Secondary Industries Development Bank of India 4) Small Industries Development Bank of India 5) Small Industries Deployment Bank of India 3. SIDBI established in .....

1) 2013 2) 2000 3) 1935 4) 1990 5) 1997 4. The SIDBI head office located at ......

1) New Delhi 2) Mumbai 3) Kolkata 4) Hyderabad 5) Lucknow 5. ......is the principal financial institution for the promotion, financing and development of industry in the small scale industries sector in India.

1) Competition Commission of India 2) IRDAI 3) RBI 4) SIDBI 5) TRAI 6. "To facilitate and strengthen credit flow to MSMEs and address both financial and developmental gaps in the MSME eco-system" is the mission of ......

1) CCI 2) IRDAI 3) RBI 4) TRAI 5) SIDBI 7. To provide soft loan, to MSMEs to meet the required debt-equity ratio for establishment of an MSME as also for pursuing opportunities for growth for existing MSMEs, the Scheme 'SMILE' introduced. In this context, SMILE stands for.....

1) SIDBI Made in India Soft Loan Fund for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises 2) SIDBI Make in India Strategic Loan Fund for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises 3) SIDBI Make in Interest Soft Loan Fund for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises 4) SIDBI Make in India Soft Loan Finding for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises 5) SIDBI Make in India Soft Loan Fund for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises 8. Composite loan scheme details given.

Locate the wrong option?

1) Introduced by Ministry of MSME ( Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises) 2) Artisans, village and cottage industries and small industries in tiny sector can take loan under this scheme 3) The loan can be taken by Large scale industries also 4) Loan limit up to 25 Lakhs 5) The loan amount can be used for the development of their tiny units 9. Which of the following bank/ Financial Institute has the highest share holding of 16.73% in SIDBI as on 28 August 2017?

1) Bank of Baroda 2) IDBI 3) SBI 4) Bank of India 5) LIC 10. Government of India and SIDBI set up the CGTMSE to facilitate flow of credit to the micro and small enterprises (MSE) sector without the need for collaterals/ third party guarantees. CGTMSE stands for?

1) Core Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises 2) Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises 3) Cash Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises

✪ GMR secured Rs.1,330 crore loan from Axis Bank for developing Mopa airport which is located in Goa. ✪ Axis Bank re-appointed Shikha Sharma as its MD and CEO for three-year term from Jun 2018.

'SMILE' stands for...?

Writer : Veeraswamy. A Subject Expert 4) Credit Guarantee First Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises 5) None 11. Which loan provided by SIDBI for capital expenditure for expansion, modernization, diversification of small scale industries?

1) Small Loan 2) Vendee Development Scheme 3) Vendor Development Scheme 4) Small Development Scheme 5) None of these 12. Which app introduced by SIDBI to ease account information and communication of customers?

1) SIDBI CASH 2) SIDBI SMALL 3) SIDBI MITRA 4) SIDBI BUDDY 5) SIDBI ROLL 13.To Facilitate Technology up gradation of Small scale industries in the specified products / sub-sectors by providing 15% capital subsidy for induction of well established and improved technologies, Credit Linked Capital Subsidy Scheme (CLCSS) was introduced by.......

1) RBI 2) SBI 3) SEBI 4) NHB 5) SIDBI 14. RBI introduced the coin of Rs.100 denomination to mark .......birth centenary, the former chief minister of Tamilnadu.

1) C. N. Annadurai 2) Ramakrishna Ranga Rao 3) M. G. Ramachandran 4) Tanguturi Prakasam 5) C. Rajagopalachari 15. How much additional capital is needed for Indian banks to satisfy all the banking rules of global Basel III norms, by March 2019 according to Fitch Ratings as per the statement given on 11 September 2017?

1) $ 25 billion 2) $ 46 billion 3) $ 65 billion 4) $ 70 billion 5) $200 billion 16. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley launched a new Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) under which name comprising shares of 22 companies from 6 sectors of the economy on 4 August 2017?

1) Bharat 22 2) NAMO 22 3) ETF 21+1 4) India 22 5) BSENSE 22 17. New ETF Bharat 22 will feature four banking stocks. They are Axis Bank, Bank of Baroda, State bank of India and ......

1) HDFC 2) Dena Bank 3) Corporation Bank 4) Indian Bank 5) United Bank of India 18. Who was appointed as the fund manager of Bharat 22 ETF? 1) Reliance Capital Ltd 2) SBI Mutual Fund 3) ICICI Prudential 4) Axis Capital 5) RBI 19. On 4 August 2017, Finance minister said that present law permits us to bring down government equity in Public Sector Banks to.......

1) 0% 2) 26% 3) 49% 4) 20% 5) 52%

20. Government of India set a target of ......for disinvestment in 2017-18 1) Rs.24,500 crore 2) Rs.72,500 crore 3) Rs.42,500 crore 4) Rs.50,500 crore 5) Rs.5,500 crore 21. An individual or the corporate borrower who despite having the capability to repay money, does not cough up money is termed as........

1) Willful defaulter 2) White defaulter 3) Brown defaulter 4) Sinful defaulter 5) Class defaulter 22. Bharat Financial (formerly SKS Microfinance) on 12 September 2017, signed an exclusivity agreement for a potential merger with ...

1) Federal Bank 2) IndusInd Bank 3) YES Bank 4) Kotak Mahindra Bank 5) Axis Bank 23. Habib Bank has been ordered by the US banking regulators to shut down its New York office. Habib Bank has base in which nation?

1) Saudi Arabia 2) Bangladesh 3) Pakistan 4) Iran 5) UAE 24. Which public sector bank issued $400 million bond issue that will have a tenor of 5 years recently?

1) SBI 2) Corporation Bank 3) Canara Bank 4) Punjab National Bank 5) Bank of India 25. Punch line of Canara Bank is......

1) Together we can 2) Sarvejana Sukhinobavanthu 3) Faithful Friendly 4) The Banker To Every One 5) Modern, Innovative, Dependable 26. Punjab National Bank with the BSNL has teamed up to roll out open which mobile wallet on 8 September 2017?

1) Speedpay 2) Buddy 3) Chillr 4) Payzapp 5) BHIM 27. Punjab National Bank recently introduced a biometric attendance register in the place of the existing system of signing attendance in the attendance register. When the Punjab National Bank opened for business........

1) 12th April 1895 2) 19 Feb 1943 3) 24 Jan 1908 4) 19 Nov 2013 5) 1 July 1955 28. Punch line of Punjab National Bank is......

1) The name you can bank upon 2) Where every individual is committed 3) Where service is a way of life 4) Empowering Women, Empowering India 5) India's Central Bank 29. Who is the founder of Punjab National Bank?

1) Mahathma Gandhi 2) Jawaharlal Nehru 3) Lala Lajapathi Rai 4) Bal Gangadhar Tilak 5) Bhagath Singh 30. Digital Wallet 'Pockets' is the complete payment solution launched by ......

1) Andhra Bank 2) HDFC 3) State Bank of India 4) ICICI 5) Axis bank 31. Which entity invested in Flipkart, became one of its largest shareholders?

1) BNP Paribas Limited 2) Deustech Bank

3) SoftBank Vision Fund 4) Ali Baba 5) Morgan Stanley 32. where is the head quarters of Softbank?

1) India 2) France 3) Japan 4) Germany 5) USA 33. New Managing Director of Export-Import Bank of India (Exim Bank) is........

1) B.Sri Ram 2) Vincent Lewis 3) Rasool Mithra 4) David Rasquinha 5) Rakesh Srivatsava 34. Government of India started Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) in which year to provide medium and long-term loans to exporters and importers from India?

1) 1935 2) 1982 3) 1990 4) 1955 5) 1945 35. On August 14, 2017, which Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiative was launched by SBI to work in the areas of health, education, environment and rural infrastructure?

1) SBI Grass Root Seva 2) SBI Rural Seva 3) SBI Gandhi Seva 4) SBI Dharm Seva 5) SBI Gram Seva 36. Under CSR initiative, SBI will adopt ......... villages each from 10 village panchayats with each village getting around Rs.2.40 crore over the next three years 1) five 2) three 3) four 4) six 5) two 37. India's first banking robot, Laxmi introduced by which bank on 11 November 2016?

1) United bank of India 2) State Bank of India 3) ICICI 4) City Union Bank 5) Indian Bank 38. Which among the following is the minimum rate set by RBI below which banks are not allowed to lend to its customers?

1) Reverse Rate 2) Repo Rate 3) Base Rate 4) Teaser Rate 5) Fixed Bank Rate 39. QR code based bill payments system introduced by .......the first power utility to introduce in India?

1) Reliance Power 2) Tata Power 3) Adani Power 4) Torrent Power 5) NTPC Ltd 40. Which private sector lender will waive 12 equated monthly installments (EMIs) on regular repayments of loans of up to Rs. 30 lakh under the new scheme Shubh Aarambh Home Loans?

1) ICICI Bank 2) Yes Bank 3) Axis Bank 4) HDFC Bank 5) IndusInd Bank 41. SBI waived charges .......for fund transfer of up to through its IMPS(Immediate Payment Service )to promote small transactions 1) Rs.7,000 2) Rs.2,000 3) Rs.8,000 4) Rs.1,000 5) Rs.10,000

ANSWERS 1-5 2-4 3-4 4-5 5-4 6-5 7-5 8-3 9-3

10-2 11-3 12-3 13-5 14-3 15-3 16-1 17-4 18-3

19-5 20-2 21-1 22-2 23-3 24-3 25-1 26-1 27-1

28-1 29-3 30-4 31-3 32-3 33-4 34-2 35-5 36-1

37-4 38-3 39-2 40-3 41-4

12

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2 Marks Question

Biology Respiration - The Energy Producing System

Q: Write about respiration in mangroves that grow in marshylands?

A: 1. Mangroves grows near the marshy places respire through respiratory roots/ aerial roots.

2. The root hairs exchange the gases from their surface.

3. They obtain oxygen from the air spaces present around the surface.

1 Mark Questions Q: Why does the rate of breathing increases while walking uphill at a normal pace in the mountains? Give two reasons.

A: It is, because as we go up the hill above sea level the concentration of oxygen is greatly reduced. So we have to breathe more, to get more amount of O2. ✪ While walking up hill a lot of oxygen is used by our body to release energy from glucose.

Hence, to increase the amount of oxygen intake there is an increase in breathing rate during walking uphill.

Q: What happens if diaphragm is not there in the body?

A: If diaphragm is not there in the body: ✤ We would not be able to breathe. ✤ Breathing movements will stop. ✤ The diaphragm is the major muscle of respiration and separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. ✤ Inhalation and exhalation process may not be take place properly.

Q: Why we are advised not to talk while eating food?

A: When we are eating, the epiglottis closed the wind pipe food allows to oesophagus. While we try to talk the epiglottis open from the wind pipe then food try to enter the wind pipe. Choking occurred. So, we are not to talk while eating.

Q: What are the another effective situations of respiration?

A: 1) Percentage of oxygen 2) Temperature 3) Surroundings 4) Nature of Oxidative substance 5) Enzyme 6) Health conditions of plant/ animal.

What is energy currency?

Q: What will happen if the respiratory tract is not moist?

A: If the respiratory tract is not moist the dust particles in the inhaled air will not be removed from air in the nasal cavities and reaches lungs and create problems to lungs.

- The temperature of the inhaled air is brought close to that of the body for the smooth passage in the respiratory tract. If it is dry, it is not possible.

Q: What is respiration?

A: Respiration is the process by which food is broken down for release of energy.

Q: Write the equation of respiration.

A: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ⎯→ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 686 K.Cal. Q: What is the pathway of air from nostril to alveolus?

A: Nostrils → Nasal Cavity → Pharynx → Larynx ↓ Alveolus ← Bronchioles ← Bronchus ← Trachea ↓ Blood.

Q: What is energy currency?

A: From the breakdown of glucose the energy is released and stored up in a special compound, known as ATP. It is called as "Energy Currency" or "Chemical Energy".

Q: Can we say that combustion and respiration are almost same actions. What evidences do you have for this?

Writer: B. Shivalinga Goud Subject Expert A: 1) In both these processes - Sugar, is converted to CO2, water.

2) Require oxygen 3) Releases energy.

Q: What is the main reason for feeling pain in muscles after strenuous exercise?

A: Due to anaerobic respiration in muscles large amounts of lactic acid is accumulated and this results in muscular pains.

Q: What happens when a baker prepares a dough by mixing yeast in it?

A: A baker add yeast to maida without oxygen for sometime, they develop a characterstic smell by production of ethanol and CO2.

Which has been manufactured by the yeast from sugar. It is called "Fermentation".

2 Marks Questions Q: State two similarities aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A: 1. Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration release energy by breaking down glucose molecule.

2. The energy produced by these two processes will be used to carry out various functions of the body.

3. Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

take place in a cell.

Q: Plants photosynthesise during daytime and respire during the night. Do you agree to this statement? Why? A: No, plants photosynthesise during daytime only. Dark reactions takes place during night time. ✣ Respiration during the day and night time also. ✣ In day time during photosynthesis occurs, oxygen is produced. The leaves use some of this oxygen for respiration and the rest diffuses into air. ✣ During day time CO2 produced by the respiration is all used up in photosynthesis by leaves but rate of respiration is slow. ✣ At night time no photosynthesis occurs and oxygen diffuses into leaves to carry out respiration and during night dark reaction takes place O2 releases.

Q: Why does a deep sea diver carry oxygen cylinder on their back?

A: 1. Oxygen is present in dissolved state in water.

2. Human beings do not extract dissolved oxygen from water to breath.

3. Moreover as we go deep down in water, the oxygen level starts decreasing.

4. So, a deep sea diver carries an oxygen cylinder with him.

Q: What are the power houses of the cell?

Why? A: Mitochondria are the power house of the cell. Because the produced energy from the breakdown of sugar is stored in mitochondria in the form of ATP.

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-ï: £j«vú≈éÀq™¸ õ„Jt-ØÁ-õ‰ú˛ §ƒM •÷u-ö« úÁjÑØ˛ (HTPB) ★

véπßÁ÷-ñ„-Eé˙ ®√Èéö¸ Éç>ØÓx ¢√úË Éçüμ¿-Ø√©’ àN? -ï: LOX (−180° C) (vü¿´ ÇéÀq-ïØ˛) + LH2 (−250°C) (vü¿´ £j«vúÓ-ïØ˛) ★ ≤˘û˝ à≠œßª÷ ¨»öÀ-™„jö¸ ÅE üËEéÀ Ê°®Ω’?

-ï: @¨»ö¸ 9 ★ ¶μ«®Ωûª Ø√N-Íí-≠æØ˛ ´u´Ææn IRNSS éÀ ´’®Ìéπ Ê°®Ω’?

-ï: Ø√Né˙ (NAVIC: Navigation with Indian Constellation) ★

J¢Á÷ö¸ ÂÆEqçí˚ Ö°æ-ví∫-£æ…© ú≈ö«†’ ÊÆéπ-Jç* N¨Ïx≠œçîË Év≤Ú N¶μ«í∫ç àC? -ï: ØË≠æ-†™¸ J¢Á÷ö¸ ÂÆEqçí˚ ÂÆçô®˝ (NRSC), £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛

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Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-üË-¨¸-™E í¬ü¿ç-éÀ-™ -Ö-†o Év≤Ú ÆæçÆæn àC? -ï: ØË≠æ-†™¸ Åö«t-ÂÆp¥-Jé˙ -JÂÆ®˝a ™«u¶Ô-Í®-ôK ★ éπ©pØ√ î√¢√x ñ«c°æ-鬮Ωnç v°æßÁ÷-Tç-*† éπ©p† ¨»öÀ™„jö¸ v§ƒ´·-êuûª àN’öÀ?

-ï: ¢√û√-´-®Ωù Åüμ¿u-ߪ’-Ø√-EéÀ Év≤Ú v°æßÁ÷-Tç-*† ûÌL ¨»öÀ-™„jö¸ (PSLV-C4; 2002 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 12) ★ Év≤Ú 104 ¨»öÀ-™„j-ôx†’ äÍé-≤ƒJ v°æßÁ÷-Tç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ ´·çü¿’†o v°æ°æçîª Jé¬®Ω’f á´J Ê°-J-ô Öç-úËC? -ï: ®Ω≥ƒu (37 ¨»öÀ-™„jô’x) ★ véπßÁ÷-ñ„-Eé˙ Éç>ØÓx ¢√úË vü¿´ Éçüμ¿-Ø√-©†’ áéπ\úø °æK-éÀ~-≤ƒh®Ω’?

-ï: ´’Ê£«ç-vü¿-TJ, ûªN’-∞¡-Ø√úø’ ★ Nü¿u éÓÆæç ¶μ«®Ωû˝ v°æßÁ÷-Tç-*† ûÌL ¨»öÀ-™„jö¸ àC? -ï: áúø÷u-¨»ö¸ (Edusat) (GSLV-F01, 2014 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 20) ★ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ v°æßÁ÷-Tç-*† PSLV ®√Èéôx Ææçêu?

-ï: 41 ★ PSLV ®√Èéö¸ È®çúÓ ü¿¨¡™  ¢√úË Éç>Ø˛?

-ï: Né¬Æˇ Éç>Ø˛ (vü¿´ Éçüμ¿†ç) ★ GSLV ®√Èé-ö¸ûÓ v°æßÁ÷-Tç-*† NüËQ Ö°æ-ví∫-£æ…© Ææçêu áçûª?

-ï: -à-O’ -™‰-´¤ ★ ®√Èé-ôx†’ v°æßÁ÷-Tç-îª-úøç™ v°æ°æçîª È®çúÓ ≤ƒnØ√Eo Çvéπ-N’ç-*† ®√Èéö¸ ™«ç*çí˚ ÊÆd≠æØ˛ àC? -ï: ÆæB≠ˇ üμΔ´Ø˛ ÊÆpÆˇ ÂÆçô®˝ (SHAR), X£æ«-J-éÓô ★ É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Év≤Ú v°æßÁ÷-Tç-*† GSLV ®√Èéô’x áEo? -ï: 11 ★ v°æ°æç-îªç-™ ØË Åûªuçûª ûËL-Èéj† ¨»öÀ-™„jö¸ àC? -ï: éπ™«ç-¨»ö¸ (64 ví¬´·©’)

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Ø√Né˙ (IRNSS) ´u´-Ææn-™E àúø’ Ö°æ-ví∫-£æ…™x E®Ω’°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-¢Á’i† IRNSS - IA ™ N°∂æ©-¢Á’i-† °æ®Ω-´÷ù’ í∫úÕ-ߪ÷-®√™x ¢√úÕ† ´‚©éπç àC? -ï: ®Ω’H-úÕߪ’ç ★ 2008 ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 22 † PSLV-CII ®√Èé-ö¸- üΔy®√ v°æßÁ÷-Tç-*† îªçvü¿-ߪ÷Ø˛ - 1 N’≠æØ˛ v°æüμΔ† ÖüËl¨¡ç à-N’-öÀ?

-ï: îªçvúø’-úÕ°j FöÀ ñ«úø†’ éπ-†’éÓ\-´-úøç ★ Év≤Ú v°æüμΔ† 鬮√u-©ßª’ç áéπ\-úø’çC? -ï: ¶„çí∫-∞¡⁄®Ω’ ★ ¶μ«®Ωûª ûÌL Ø√ØÓ ¨»öÀ-™„jö¸ àC? -ï: Ví∫’o (IIT- 鬆÷p®˝ NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ ®Ω÷§Òç-Cç-î√®Ω’) ★ PSLV C v¨ÏùÀ™  1-39 ®√Èé-ôx™  Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ v°æßÁ÷Tç-îªE ®√Èéö¸ àC? -ï: PSLV C - 13 ★ ¶μ«®Ωû˝ v°æßÁ÷-Tç-*† Åûªuçûª •®Ω’-¢Áj† ®√Èéö¸ àC? -ï: GSLV - MK III D1/ GSAT - 19 (-D-Eo 2017 WØ˛ 5 † v°æßÁ÷-Tç-î√®Ω’). ★ ûªèπ◊\´ ´uߪ’çûÓ Åçûª-Jéπ~ v°æßÁ÷-í¬--©’ -îË-ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îË RLV-TD (°æ¤†-Jy-E-ßÁ÷í∫ ®√Èéö¸) v°æßÁ÷í∫ç á°æ¤púø’ E®Ωy-Jhç-î√®Ω’?

-ï: 2016 ¢Ë’ 23 æ ™ ¶μ«í∫çí★ ûÌL á®·®˝ vHAçí˚ v§Ò°æ-©{Ø˛ ÆœÆdç Év≤Ú v°æßÁ÷-í¬-ûªt-éπçí¬ 2016 Çí∫Ææ’d 28 † ≥ƒ®˝, X£æ«-J-éÓ-ô™ °æJ-Q-Lç-*† Éç>Ø˛ àC? -ï: v≤ƒ\¢˛’-ñ„ö¸ ★ Év≤Ú Ö°æ-ví∫-£æ…-©†’ áéπ\úø ûªßª÷-®Ω’ -îË-Ææ’hçC? -ï: Év≤Ú ¨»öÀ-™„jö¸ ÂÆçô®˝ (ISAC), ¶„çí∫-∞¡⁄®Ω’ ★ ≤˘çúÕçí˚ ®√Èé-ôx†’ áéπ\úø †’ç* v°æßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?

-ï: TERLS, A®Ω’-´-†ç-ûª-°æ¤®Ωç

6

1. AÐðþ*°Äæý* HÐóþ° MæüÍíܯèþ Ñ${ÔèýÐèþ$…?

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3. MøõÜíܯèþ ™èþÆ>Ó™èþ 2&3 ÐéÆ>ÌZϯóþ ™èþ¯èþ ç³NÆæÿÓÔèýMìü¢° †ÇW §é§éç³# 85 Ôé™èþ… ÐèþÆæÿMæü* ò³…^èþ$Mæü$¯óþ ÝëÐèþ$Ææÿ¦üÅ… VæüË Ðèþ*¯èþÐèþ ÔèýÈÆ>ÐèþÄæý$Ðèþ… D Mìü…¨ Ðé°ÌZ H¨?

G. M>ÌôýÄæý$… ¼. Ððþ$§æþyæþ$ íÜ. Ðèþ$*{™èþí³…yæþ… yìþ. ÔéÓçÜMøÔèý…

4. "«§æþ–Ðèþ çܹsìýMæüÐèþ$$Ë$' A…sôý HÑ$sìý?

G.{§æþÐèþ…ÌZ E…_¯èþ çܹsìýM>Ë$ ¼.çܹsìýM>Ë ¯èþ$…yìþ ™èþÄæý*Ææÿ$^óþÄæý$ ºyìþ¯èþ {§æþÐèþ… íÜ.çœ$¯èþÆæÿ*ç³… V>° {§æþÐèþÆæÿ*ç³… V>° Ìôý° 糧éÆæÿ¦§æþÔèý yìþ.Ðèþ$*yæþ* {§æþÒ¿æýÐèþ¯èþ ¼…§æþ$Ðèþ#˯èþ$ MæüÍW¯èþ çܹsìýM>Ë$ 5. "»êÇÄæý*{sìýMŠü Ôèýç܈ _Mìü™èþÞ' A…sôý HÑ$sìý?

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G. ¯èþ{™èþf° ¼. BÐèþ$Ïf° íÜ. AÐðþ*ðÄæý* yìþ. E§æþf° 7. "¯é¯Œþ VøÌŒýz' A…sôý HÑ$sìý?

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8. "ÐèþÆæÿ$ÿaÐèþÌŒý ÐérÆŠÿ' A…sôý HÑ$sìý?

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DMìü…¨ {XMæü$ ™èþ™èþÓ Ðóþ™èþ¢ËÌZ {ç³Rêņ V>…_¯èþ D íܧ鮅™é°² {糆´ë¨…_…§ðþÐèþÆæÿ$?

G. íßý´ù{Mæüsîý‹Ü ¼. AÇÝëtsìýÌŒý íÜ. i¯ø¸ë¯ðþ‹Ü yìþ. A¯èþMæüÞVøÆæÿ‹Ü 10. ç³#Ææÿ$çÙ$ËÌZ òÜMŠüÞ ÝëÐèþ$Æ>¦üÅ°² ò³…^óþ {ç³Rêņ V>… _¯èþ JMæü LçÙ«§é°Mìü §é° Mæü…ò³± ò³sìýt¯èþ õ³Ææÿ$ ÐèþÄæý*{V>. §é° ÆæÿÝëÄæý$¯èþ ¯éÐèþ$… HÑ$sìý?

G. íÜÌñýz¯éí³ÌŒý íÜ{sôýsŒý

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G. ÕÎ…{«§éË$ ¼. ´ëÏÝëà íÜ. ¯é¯øV>‹Ü yìþ. Ððþ$™èþ¢° çܹsìýMæü…

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G. {Vóü çßo…yŠþ & Dh‹³t ¼. yéçÙ$…yŠþ & fÆæÿñ íÜ. _çßý$Ðéçßý$Ðé & ^ðþO¯é yìþ. »ZÆøjÄŒý$ & ÆæÿÚëÅ 13.D Mìü…¨ Ðé°ÌZ H¨ Mæü$MæüPËMæü$ ÑçÙç³NÇ™èþÐèþ$$?

G. ¯ðþÆÿ$$Å ¼. »ñýËÏ… íÜ. ò³Ææÿ$Væü$

yìþ. BÆæÿ$ çÜ…Ðèþ™èþÞÆ>Ë$ 19. ò³ÇyéMìüÞ¯Œþ A…sôý HÑ$sìý?

G. ÑrÑ$¯Œþ&G ¼. ÑrÑ$¯Œþ&íÜ íÜ. ÑrÑ$¯Œþ& ¼6 yìþ. ÑrÑ$¯Œþ&¼2 20.A…r$Mæü$´ù° Ðèþ…rW¯ðþ²Ë¯èþ$ §óþ°™ø ç³N™èþ ç³NÝë¢Ææÿ$?

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G. íÜËÓÆŠÿ AÄñý$yðþOyŠþ & ÝùyìþÄæý$… MøÏÆðÿOyŠþ ¼. çÜÓ^èþeÐðþ$O¯èþ ÝùyìþÄæý$… MøÏÆðÿOyŠþ íÜ. Mðü…´ëÏ‹Üt MøÏÆø¸ùÏÆðÿOyŠþ yìþ. çÜÓ^èþeÐðþ$O¯èþ C…yìþ{íÜtÄæý$ÌŒý BËPàÌŒý 15."A¯é¯èþ‹Ü MöÐðþ*çܯŒþ' A¯óþ¨ H çœË… Ôéï܈Äæý$ ¯éÐèþ$…?

G. {Ýët»ñý{È ¼. §é°Ðèþ$Ãç³…yæþ$ íÜ. 糯èþçÜ ç³…yæþ$ yìþ. A¯éçÜ ç³…yæþ$ 16. M>r$Mæü$ ÑÆæÿ$Væü$yæþ$ Ìôý°, {ç³ç³…^èþ…ÌZ° A™èþÅ…™èþ ÑçÙç³NÇ™èþÐðþ$O¯èþ iÐèþ#ÌZÏ JMæüsìý DMìü…¨ Ðé°ÌZ H¨?

G. Æ>sìýÌŒý õܲMŠü ¼. ÚëÆŠÿP íÜ. gñýÎÏ휋٠yìþ. AyæþÑ Mæü…¨ÈVæü 17.M>Ææÿ$Ï, ÑÐèþ*¯éÌZÏ° Mö°² ¿êV>Ë$ "yúÐðþ$rÌŒý' A¯èþºyóþ Ñ${ÔèýÐèþ$ ÌZçßý…™ø ™èþÄæý*Ææÿ$ ^óþÄæý$ºyæþ ™éÆÿ$$. yú Ððþ$rÌŒýÌZ E…yóþ A…ÔéÌôýÑ$sìý?

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