Education 24 09 2017

Á‹tyÓ˛

BÖ{´ßÊ˛gZ≈Ü

14

Gب˛IH yÓ˛iV> –˛O.Ì‹.–˛*© gÍ°ƒÊ˝$Ö "Á‹Δ>™Δäˇ Á‹Δ¯–˲Δäˇ' gÍÜMϸ AÖMϸô˲Ö

ΔÛˇ–ö˛#Mʸ$ ^Û˛«Ö®. —yÏ˛øÍV>À$V> –˲_aØ˲ ©∞Mϸ º‡ΔäˇÃZ∞ –˲*´ßÛ˛Á≥#ΔÊˇ ∏Î≈Mʸt»ÃZ Á≥N«¢ ΔÊˇ*Á≥ÖÃZMϸ °Á‹$Mˆ›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. ΔˇsÏ˝tÖÁ≥# –Û˛VʸÖô¯ Vʸ*yÊ˛$fi ΔˇO‚Ê˝œØ˲$ Ø˲yÊ˛Á≥yÈ∞Mϸ ©∞≤ EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*W›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. 2018 Ìú{∫–˲«ÃZ D Úfl˝OÔ‹µyä˛ CÖfب˛ ΔˇOÀ$Ø˲$ {Á≥ƒÒ˝* V>ô˲√MʸÖV> Ø˲yÊ˛$Á≥#ôÈΔÊˇ$. D ΔˇOÕÖfب˛ VʸÖrMʸ$ 120 Mϸ.“$. –Û˛VʸÖô¯ {Á≥ƒÊ˝*◊Ï˝Á‹$¢Ö®.

Á‹$Ì‹¶ΔÊˇ BΔ¯Vʸ≈ÖÃZ øÍΔÊˇô¨˛Mʸ$ 127–˲ ›Î¶Ø˲Ö

Aô˲≈´®Mʸ ›Î–˲$ΔÊˇ¶≈Ö EØ˲≤ ΔˇOÀ$ CÖfØ˲œØ˲$ {∏Îب˛fi Ø˲$Ö_ øÍΔÊˇô¨˛ ®Vʸ$–˲$Ü ^Û˛Á‹$Mʸ$ÖsZÖ®. 12 –Û˛À Úfl˝^¨˛Ô≥ ›Î–˲$ΔÊˇ¶≈Ö EØ˲≤ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ ΔˇOÕÖfب˛ Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫ΔÊˇ$ 20Ø˲ M¯Ãå˝MʸôÈ

AÖô˲Δ>j°ƒÊ˝$Ö –˛$MϸfiM¯ÃZ øÍ» øÊ˝*MʸÖÁ≥Ö –˛$MϸfiM¯ Δ>f´ßÈ∞ –˛$MϸfiM¯ Ì‹sÓ˝, ÁúN≈ªÍœ, –˛$$ΔˇÃÍã‹, –˛$MϸfiM¯ ı‹tså˝, V¸ΔˇÃZ ô˲®ô˲ΔÊˇ Δ>⁄âÎÃZœ Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫ΔÊˇ$ 19Ø˲ øÍ» øÊ˝*MʸÖÁ≥Ö Á‹ÖøÊ˝—Ö_Ö®. «MʸtΔäˇ ı‹PÀ$Ú≥O ©∞ °{–ö˛ô˲ 7.1V> Ø˲–˛*ß˛OÖ®. 250 –˲$Ö®Mϸ Ú≥OV> {Á≥fÀ$ –ö˛$ñô˲$≈–Èô˲ Á≥yëzΔÊˇ$. 1985 Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫Δäˇ 19Ø˲ Á‹ÖøÊ˝—Ö_Ø˲ øÊ˝*MʸÖÁ≥ÖÃZ 10 –Û˛À –˲$Ö® –˲$ñÜ ^˛ÖßÈΔÊˇ$. {Á≥Á≥Ö^˲–È≈Á≥¢ÖV> 80 ‘>ôË˛Ö øÊ˝*Mʸ֥ÎÀ$ Á‹ÖøÊ˝—Ö^Û˛ Á≥Ì‹ÌúMä¸ «ÖVä¸ Bãú ÚúOΔäˇ Á≥«´®ÃZ D {¥ÎÖôË˛Ö EÖyÊ˛rÖ –˲Àœ ô˲ΔÊˇ^˲$V> øÊ˝*Mʸ֥ÎÀ$ Á‹ÖøÊ˝—Á‹$¢ØÈ≤Δˇ$$.

"∏˘Δäˇæfi' {Á≥ôÛ˛≈Mʸ gͺôÈÃZ sÍsÍ, —$ô˲¢Ãå˝, RZ›Îœ ∏˘Δäˇæfi ‘Ë˝ô˲ –ö˛Á‹ÖôÈÀ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈Mʸ gͺôÈÃZ ΔÊˇôË˛Ø¨˛sÍsÍ, —دßä˛ RZ›Îœ, ÀÑÓ¸√ —$ô˲¢Ãå˝Mʸ$ ^¯r$ ßÊ˛MϸPÖ®. {Á≥Á≥Ö^˲ –È≈Á≥¢ÖV> i—Ö_ EØ˲≤ 100 –ö˛$Ö® VˆÁ≥µ –È¥ÎΔÊˇ–Û˛ô˲¢À gͺôÈÃZ ›Î¶ØË˛Ö À¿Ö_Ö®. ∏˘Δäˇæfi ›Î¶Ì≥Ö_ 100 H‚Ê˝ìœ AΔˇ$$Ø˲ Á‹ÖßÊ˛ΔÊˇ¬ÖV> D {Á≥ôÛ˛≈Mʸ gͺôÈØ˲$ —yÊ˛$ßÊ˛À ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®.

1917 Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫Δäˇ 17Ø˲ ΩÔ‹ ∏˘Δäˇæfi, –ÈÀtΔäˇ {yÛ˛À$ ∏˘Δäˇæfi –˲*≈VʸgÒ˝Oب˛Ø˲$ ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. D gͺôÈÃZ A–˛$gÍب˛ –ö˛≈–ö˛›Î¶Á≥Mʸ$yÊ˛$ gÒ˝ãú ªÒ˝gZã‹, –˲«jب˛ {Vʸ*ã≥ –ö˛≈–ö˛›Î¶Á≥Mʸ$yÊ˛$ «^˲Δäˇz {ªÍØ˲fiب˛, ªÒ˝ΔäˇPÚŸOΔäˇ Áfl˝ô˲–Û˛ Ô‹DK –ÈΔˇØ¨˛ ∫Úúså˝, –˛$O{M¯›Îãút Á‹Áfl˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛›Î¶Á≥Mʸ$yÊ˛$ ºÃå˝ VÛ¸så˝fi, Ø˲*≈ã‹ M>Δ䡵 GWjMʸ*≈sÏ˝–í˛ ^˛OΔÊˇ√ب˛ ΔÊˇ*Á≥Δäˇt –˲$Δ¯™Mä¸, Ô‹Gب˛Gب˛ –ö˛≈–ö˛›Î¶Á≥Mʸ$yÊ˛$ sÒ˝yä˛ rΔÊˇ≤Δäˇ, y˛Ãå˝ sÒ˝M>≤Àiã‹ –ö˛≈–ö˛›Î¶Á≥Mʸ$yÊ˛$ –˛$ORÙ˝Ãå˝ y˛Ãå˝, ı≥¥ÎÃå˝, ıúã‹∫$Mä¸ Á‹Áfl˝ –ö˛≈–ö˛›Î¶Á≥Mʸ$yÊ˛$ kMʸΔäˇ∫ΔäˇY ô˲®ô˲ΔÊˇ$ÀMʸ$ ›Î¶ØË˛Ö À¿Ö_Ö®.

IIsÓ˝ Úfl˝OßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ÃZ 1000 sÒ˝Δ> ∏Îœã≥fi ›Î–˲$ΔÊˇ¶≈Ö VʸÀ Á‹*Á≥Δäˇ MʸÖÁ≥N≈r ΔäˇØ˲$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$Ø˲$ ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. ØÛ˛ÁŸØ˲Ãå˝ Á‹*Á≥ Δäˇ MʸÖÁ≥N≈rΔäˇ —$ÁŸØ¨˛ MϸÖßÊ˛ IIsÓ˝ Úfl˝O ß Ê ˛ Δ>ªÍßä ˛ , ¥ÎMϸ›Î¶Ø¨˛ÃZ IIsÓ˝ øÍΔÊˇô˲ Δ>ƒÊ˝$ªÍ«V> Afƒå˝$ º›Î«ƒÊ˝* ∞ƒÊ˝$—$ô˲$À ƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$. {Á≥Á‹$ô˲ Δ>ƒÊ˝$ªÍ« V˙ô˲–í˛$

Gب˛IH yÓ˛iV> –˛O.Ì‹.–˛*© gÍ°ƒÊ˝$ ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ (Gب˛IH) y˛OΔˇMʸtΔäˇ fØ˲ΔÊˇÃå˝V> Ô‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ IÌ≥Gã‹ A´®M>« –˛O.Ì‹.–˛*© Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫ΔÊˇ$ 18Ø˲ ∞ƒÊ˝$—$ô˲$ÀƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$. 2002 Vʸ$fΔ>ô¨˛ AÀœΔÊˇœ MÛ¸Á‹$ÀØ˲$ —^È«Á‹$¢Ø˲≤ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈Mʸ ßÊ˛Δ>≈Á≥#¢ ∫ñÖßÊ˛ÖÃZ –˛*© Á‹øÊ˝$≈yÏ˛V> EØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. {Á≥Á‹$¢ô˲ Gب˛IH yÓ˛i ‘Ë˝ΔÊˇô¨˛Mʸ$–˲*Δäˇ Á≥ßÊ˛“ M>ÀÖ AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 30ô¯ –˲$$Vʸ$Á‹$¢Ö®.

¥ÎMä¸ÃZ øÍΔÊˇô˲ Δ>ƒÊ˝$ªÍ«V> Afƒå˝$ º›Î«ƒÊ˝*

Úfl˝OM¯ΔÊˇ$tMʸ$ BΔÊˇ$Vʸ$ΔÊˇ$ Mˆô˲¢ ØÈ≈ƒÊ˝$–˲$*ΔÊˇ$¢À$

∫֪͖ÈÃÙ˝Ø˲$ ^˛OØÈÃZ øÍΔÊˇô˲ Δ>ƒÊ˝$ªÍ«V> ∞ƒÊ˝$—$Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. {Á≥Á‹$¢ôË˛Ö ^˛OØÈ Δ>ƒÊ˝$ªÍ«V> EØ˲≤ —fƒå˝$ V¯QÃÙ˝Ø˲$ ®ŒœMϸ ΔÊˇÌ≥µÖ_ —ßÛ˛‘>ÖVʸ –˲≈–˲‡Δ>À –˲$Ö{Üô˲” ‘>QÃZ B«¶Mʸ –˲≈–˲‡Δ>À —øÍVÊ¸Ö M>ΔÊˇ≈ßÊ˛«ÿ ªÍ´ßÊ˛≈ô˲À$ AÁ≥µWÖ^˲Ø˲$ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$.

ô˛À$Vʸ$ Δ>⁄âÎÀ E–˲$√yÏ˛ Úfl˝OM¯ΔÊˇ$tMʸ$ BΔÊˇ$Vʸ$ΔÊˇ$ Mˆô˲¢ ØÈ≈ƒÊ˝$–˲$*ΔÊˇ$¢À$ ∞ƒÊ˝$—$ô˲$ÀƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$. fÌ‹tã‹ ›˘–˲$ ƒÊ˝*kÀ$, fÌ‹tã‹ MˆÖVʸΔÊˇ —fƒÊ˝$ÀÑϸ√, fÌ‹tã‹ Ì≥.MÛ¸‘Ë˝–˲Δ>–˲#, fÌ‹tã‹ –˲$Öô¯gå˝ VʸÖV>Δ>–˲#, fÌ‹tã‹ A¿Ø˲Ößä˛Mʸ$–˲*Δäˇ ⁄ΗÕ, fÌ‹tã‹ A–˲$ΔäˇØÈ£ä˛V˙yä˛Àô¯ Úfl˝OM¯ΔÊˇ$t ôÈôÈPÕMʸ {Á≥´ßÈØ˲ ØÈ≈ƒÊ˝$–˲$*«¢ fÌ‹tã‹ ΔÊˇ–Û˛$‘¨˝ ΔÊˇÖVʸØÈ£Ê˛Ø¨˛ {Á≥–˲*◊˝ Ô‹”M>ΔÊˇÖ ^Û˛Δˇ$$Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$.

ô˛ÀÖV>◊˝ BΔäˇsÏ˝I {Á≥´ßëØ˲ Mʸ—$ÁŸØ˲ΔäˇV> Δ>gÍ Á‹ßÈΔ>Ö

ô˛ÀÖV>◊˝ Á‹–˲*^ÈΔÊˇ Áfl˝Mʸ$P ^˲rtÖ {Á≥´ßëØ˲ Mʸ—$ÁŸØ˲ΔäˇV> ‘>Á‹Ø˲Á‹øÊ˝ –˲*i M>ΔÊˇ≈ßÊ˛«ÿ yÈMʸtΔäˇ ›˘–˲$ Δ>gÍÁ‹ßÈΔ>Ö

–ö˛$ñÜ

øÍΔÊˇô¨˛ ^Û˛«Ø˲ {∏Îب˛fi ΔˇOÕÖfب˛

IIsÓ˝ Úfl˝OßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛Mʸ$ Á‹*Á≥Δäˇ MʸÖÁ≥N≈rΔäˇ

GΔˇ$$Δäˇ –˲*ΔÊˇ¤Ãå˝ AΔÊˇjب˛Ì‹ÖVä¸

Á‹øÊ˝$≈yÏ˛V>, …Ï˛Œœ ÃÒ˝ãútØ˛Öså˝ Vʸ–˲ΔÊˇ≤ΔäˇV> ı‹–˲ÀÖ®Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$.

–˛O–ö˛*∞Mʸ ßÊ˛‚Í∞Mϸ Ì‹ÖVä¸ ^Û˛Ì‹Ø˲ ı‹–ö˛ÀMʸ$ Vʸ$«¢ÖÁ≥#V> Á≥’a–ö˛$ ªÒ˝ÖV>Ãå˝ÃZ∞ Á≥Ø˲Vʸ…ä˛ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ —–ö˛*Ø˲ ›Î¶–ö˛Δ>∞Mϸ BƒÊ˝$Ø˲ ı≥ΔÊˇ$Ø˲$ ßÊ˛‚Í∞Mϸ Ú≥sÍtΔÊˇ$.

AÖ®Ö^Ë ˛ ØË ˛ $ØÈ≤ΔÊ ˇ $. Á‹$RZƒå˝$ 30 GÖM¸I ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ —–˲*ØË˛Ö Ø˲$Ö_ Á≥»ÑʸÀ$ f«¥ÎΔÊˇ$. ©∞≤ Úfl˝OßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ÃZ∞ yÏ˛BΔäˇyÏ˛GÃå˝ A¿–˲ñ®Æ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. D AÁ‹àÖÃZ∞ A´ßÊ˛$ØÈô˲Ø˲ H—ƒÊ˝*∞Mä¸fi –˲≈–˲Á‹¶, Aô˲≈Öô˲ MÓ¸ÀMʸ–˛$OØ˲ BΔäˇGãú Ô‹µMʸΔäˇÀØ˲$ BΔäˇÌ‹I C–˲*ΔÊˇô¨˛˛ ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö®Ö_Ö®. C® 80 MϸÃZ“$rΔÊˇœ ßÊ˛*ΔÊˇÖÃZ∞ ÀÑ>≈ÀØ˲$ bÛ˛®Á‹$¢Ö®.

IHGãú –ö˛*i A´®Á≥Ü, –ö˛*ΔÊˇ¤Ãå˝ AΔÊˇjب˛Ì‹ÖVä¸ °{–ö˛ Vʸ$Öy˛¥˘r$ô¯ …Ï˛ŒœÃZ∞ Ú‹O∞Mʸ BÁ‹µ{ÜÃZ Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫ΔÊˇ$ 16Ø˲ –ö˛$ΔÊˇ◊Ï˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. 1965ÃZ ¥ÎMϸ ›Î¶Ø¨˛ô¯ f«WØ˲ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛ÆÖÃZ ßÛ˛‘È ∞Mϸ _ΔÊˇÁ‹√ΔÊˇ◊Ó˝ƒÊ˝$–˛$OØ˲ —fƒÊ˝*∞≤ AÖ®Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. AΔÊˇjب˛Ì‹ÖVä¸ —’ÁŸt ı‹–ö˛ÀMʸ$ Vʸ$«¢Ö Á≥#V> 1965ÃZ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$ô˲”Ö "Á≥ßÊ˛√—øÊ˝* ÁŸ◊ä˝'ô¯ Á‹ô˲P«Ö_Ö®. Á≥ßÊ˛“ —ΔÊˇ–˲$◊˝ ô˲ΔÊˇ$–Èô˲ Ì‹ÖVä¸ ——´ßÊ˛ ßÛ˛‘>ÀMʸ$ Δ>ƒÊ˝$ªÍ«V> ı‹–˲ÀÖ®Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. Ì‹”rjΔ>œÖyä˛, "AÁ‹à' –ÈsÏ˝Mʸب˛ Ì‹sÓ˝ Δ>ƒÊ˝$ªÍ«V>, Á≥»Ñʸ M¸ØÈ≈ Úfl˝OMʸ—$ÁŸØ˲ΔäˇV>, gÍ°ƒÊ˝$ ˝ $–Ë ˛ ÖôË ˛ Ö —fƒÊ AÀµÁ‹ÖRÍ≈Mʸ Á‹”ßÛ˛÷ Á≥«gÍqØ˲Öô¯ –˲Δ>YÀ ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö®Ö_Ø˲ A{Á‹¢ Mʸ—$ÁŸØ¨˛ (VʸVʸØ˲ô˲ÀÖÃZ Á‹$ßÊ˛*ΔÊˇ ÀÑ>-≈ÀØ˲$ Ú‹OôË˛Ö bÛ˛®Ö^Û˛) ÑϸÁ≥◊Ï˝ Á≥»Ñʸ —fƒÊ˝$–ö˛Öô˲–˛$OÖ®. Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫ΔÊˇ$ 11 Ø˲$Ö_ 14 –ö˛ΔÊˇMʸ$ JyÏ˛‘ÈÃZ∞ ^ÈÖ©Á≥NΔäˇ °ΔÊˇÖ Ø˲$Ö_ D ÑϸÁ≥◊Ï˝∞ HyÊ˛$ ›ÎΔÊˇ$œ Á≥»ÑϸÖ^ÈΔÊˇ$. ô˲”ΔÊˇÃZØÛ˛ ©∞≤ øÍΔÊˇô˲ –˛O–˲*∞Mʸ

–˲*Ø˲–˲ΔÊˇÌfl˝ô˲ ¥˘Δ>r Úfl˝ÕM>Á≥tΔäˇ...

–˲*Ø˲–˲ΔÊˇÌfl˝ô˲ ¥˘Δ>r Úfl˝ÕM>Á≥tΔäˇØ˲$ ^˛OØÈ ôˆÕ›Î«V> A¿–˲ñ®Æ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. ôÈgÍV> ©∞≤ —ßÛ˛÷ MˆØ˲$V¯À$ßÈΔÊˇ$À M¯Á‹Ö {Á≥ßÊ˛ΔÊˇÿØ˲Mʸ$ EÖ_Ö®. {Á≥øÊ˝$ô˲” ΔÊˇÖVʸ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ AΔˇ$$Ø˲ H—ƒÙ˝$ÁŸØ¨˛ CÖyÊ˛[Ô‹t M>Δ䡵 Bãú ^˛OØÈ ©∞≤ ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö®Ö_Ö®. D Úfl˝ÕM>Á≥tΔäˇ ¥˜yÊ˛–˲# 7.5 “$rΔÊˇ$œ ©∞ Vʸ«ÁŸx sÙ˝M>ãú ∫ΔÊˇ$–˲# 450 MϸÃZÀ$. Vʸ«ÁŸxÖV> 4 –Û˛À “$rΔÊˇœ Gô˲$¢ –˲ΔÊˇMʸ* {Á≥ƒÊ˝*◊Ï˝Ö^˲VʸÀßÊ˛$. 120 MϸÃZÀ ∫ΔÊˇ$–˛OØ˲ BƒÊ˝$$´ßÈÀØ˲$ –˛*Á‹$M¸‚Ê˝œVʸÀßÊ˛$. 8 VʸÖrÀ ı‹Á≥# V>ÃZœØÛ˛ EÖyÊ˛VʸÀßÊ˛$.

MʸΔˇÖ-så˝ A-ÚúO-Δäˇfi

Δ>–˲$^˲Ö{ßÈΔˇyÏ˛z EÁ≥#µÀ

Mˆ«ƒÊ˝* KÚ≥ب˛ —gÙ˝ô˲ Ì‹Ö´ßÊ˛$ Ì‹ƒÒ˝*Ãå˝ÃZ f«WØ˲ Mˆ«ƒÊ˝* KÚ≥ب˛ ªÍ≈yÏ˛√Örب˛ –˲$Ìfl˝‚Ê˝À Ì‹ÖWÃå˝fi ¥˘ΔÊˇ$ÃZ øÍΔÊˇô˲ ÁŸrœΔäˇ Ì≥.—.Ì‹Ö´ßÊ˛$ —gÙ˝ô˲V> ∞Õ_Ö®. ÚúOØ˲ÃZœ f¥Îب˛Mʸ$ ^˛Ö®Ø˲ JMʸ$Áfl˝ ΔÊˇØ˲$ 22&20, 11&21, 20&18 ôÛ˛yÈô¯ KyÏ˛Ö_ sÒ˝OsÏ˝Ãå˝ V¸À$^˲$Mʸ$Ö®. CsÓ˝–ö˛À f«WØ˲ {Á≥Á≥Ö^˲ ªÍ≈yÏ˛√Örب˛ ^ÈÖÌ≥ƒÊ˝$ب˛ÌŸã≥ ÚúOØ˲ÃZœ JMʸ$Áfl˝ΔÊˇ Ì‹Ö´ßÊ˛$Ø˲$ KyÏ˛Ö_ Á‹”ΔÊˇ~Ö V¸À$^˲$Mʸ$Ö®. Mˆ«ƒÊ˝* KÚ≥ب˛ÃZ –˲*{ôË˛Ö Ì‹Ö´ßÊ˛$ JMʸ$Áfl˝ΔÊˇØ˲$ KyÏ˛Ö_Ö®.

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What is meant by 'torso'?

Unit - 1

ATTITUDE IS ALTITUDE A. Reading Questions 1 - 7 I. Read the following passage Nick Vujicic was born with no arms or legs but he does n't let the details stop him.

The brave 26 year old - who is mainly torso - plays foot ball and golf, swims and surfs, despite having no limbs Nick has a small foot on his left hip which helps him balance and enables him to kick. He uses his one foot to type, write with a pen and pick things up between his toes.

"I call it my chicken drumstick", joked Nick, who was born in Melbourne, Australia, but now lives in Los Angles. 'I' d be lost without it.

Due to his faith as an Evangelical Christian, Nick has chosen to remain a virgin until marriage although he has had long- term girl friends in the past.

Now Answer the following Questi ons. Each Question has four Choices.

Choose the correct answer and write options A,B,C,D in your Answer Booklet.

(4 x 1 = 4 m) 1. What is meant by 'torso'?

A) The main part of the body, including legs, arms B) The main part of the body, including the head, arms or legs C) The main part of the body, excluding the head, arms, or legs D) The main part of the body, excluding the head 2. These games are played by Nick A) Foot ball and Swimming B) Golf and Swimming C) Swimming and surfing D) Foot ball and Golf.

3. What type of text is this passage?

A) Description B) Autobiography C) Biographical sketch D) Narrative 4. But he doesn't let the details stop him What do you mean by this?

A) His disability become a hindrance to achievements B) His disability did not become a hindrance to his progress C) His disability was neither helpful nor helpless to his progress D) Nick was deeply depressed with his disability Answer the following Questions in two or three Sentences each (3 x 2 = 6) 5. 'I'd be lost without it Why does Nick say like this?

6. 'I call it my chicken drumstick', joked Nick What does 'it' refer to?

How does it help him?

7. What did he do, despite having no limbs?

II Read the following passage His disability came without any medical explanationation a rare occurrence called phocomelia and Nick and his parents spent many years asking why this cruel trick would happen to them. "My Mother was a nurse and she did everything right during pregnancy but she still blamed herself", he said.

'It was so hard for them but right from the start they did their best to make me independent'.

'My dad put me in the water at 18 months and gave the courage to learn how to swim'.

'I also got really into foot ball and skate boarding. I totally love the English Premier League'.

Nick's father was a computer programmer and accountant and he taught his little son how to type with his toe at just 6 years old.

Now Answer the following Questi ons. Each Question has four Choices.

Choose the correct Answer and write

10th class English Options A, B, C, D in your answer booklet (4 x 1 = 4m) 1. 'It was so hard for them'. What do you mean by this line?

A) They feel hard as Nick was deeply depressed B) They feel hard as they disliked him C) They feel hard as Nick don't listen to them D) They feel hard to make him independent as he is a torso.

2. Identify the efforts made by Nicks father to make him bold and independent?

A) He taught him how to drive a car B) He put him in the water at 18 months C) He taught his little son how to type with his toe at just 6 years old.

D) Both B and C 3. What are the professions of Nicks Parents?

A) Doctor, Nurse B) Computer, Programmer, Home Maker C) Accountant, Home Maker D) Computer Programmer, Nurse 4. Why did Nick totally love the English Premier League?

A) Because he loved skating B) Because he loved the game foot ball C) Because he loved swimming D) Because he loved surfing Answer the following Questions in two or three sentences each (3 x 2 = 6m) 5. State the role of Nick's mother to make Nick independent?

6. Why did Nick's mother blame herself?

7. Nick and his parents spent many years asking why this cruel trick would happen to them? Is it normal or something unique? Give reasons.

III Read the following passage 'And once i was in a car and a girl at traffic lights was giving me the eye. She could only see my head so I decided to do a 360 in the car seat to freak her out. her face was like woooooooah What is going on? She sped off really quickly' Nick began travelling the world and in 2008 he went to Hawaii and met surfing master Bethany Hamilton who had her arm bitten off by a shark when she was 12 'She was amazing', Said Nick. 'She taught me how to surf and I was terrified at fast, but once I got up there it felt absolute-

KEY

Unit 1 - Answers

I Q. No 1 - 7 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. Because Nick can't imagine the life without the foot as it is more useful to him.

6. It refers to a small foot. Nick was born without limbs. But he has a small foot on his left hip which is useful to him to balance himself and he can kick foot ball with it.

He also types and writes and picks up things with his toes. He laughingly calls it his chicken drumstick. It is so helpful to Nick.

7. Despite having no limbs. he plays foot ball, golf, swims & surfs.

III Q.no (1 - 7) 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. Once Nick stopped at traffic lig hts. A girl was looking at him inte restingly. She saw only Nicks

ly fantastic and I caught some waves pretty well'.

Nick Quickly learned how to do the 360 degree spins on his board- a feat that got him on the cover of surfer magarine MEDABOINA within 48 LINGAIAH hours. 'No one School Assistant has ever done ZPHS Anantharam that in the hisJangaon Dist. tory of surfing'. he said.

'But I have a very low center of gravity so I've got pretty good balance.

Now Answer the following Questions.

Each Question has four choices. Choose the correct answer and write options A, B, C, D in your answer booklet (4 x 1 = 4m) 1. What would be Nicks reason for selecting Bethany hamilton as his surfing coach?

A) Because she was his friend B) Because she is a disabled person C) Because she is a female D) Because a disabled person can understand another disabled person 2. Why did Nicks picture published on the cover of surfer magazine?

A) Nick learned Quickly how to do the 360 degree spins B) Nick learned Quickly why do the 360 degree spins C) Nick learned Quickly where to do the 360 degree spins D) Nick learned Quickly when do the 360 degree spins 3. Within how many hours of his feat has picture published on the covers of surfer magazine?

A) 84 Hours B) 46 Hours C) 48 Hours D) 44 hours 4. Where did Nick met Bethany Hamilton?

A) Holland B) Hawaii C) Hungary D) Haveli Answer the following Questions in two or three sentences each (3 x 2 = 6) 5. Why did the girl at the traffic lights speed of Quickly?

6. What is the secret of Nick's pertly good balance?

7. How did bethany Lost her arm?

When?

II Q.No. 1 - 7 1. D 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. Ans. Nicks mother invented a special plastic device that meant he could hold a pen and pencil so that he can write.

6. Ans. As Nick's mother was a nurse she did everything right during her pregnancy. But unfortunately she gave birth to a torso. So she blamed herself as if it was her mistake.

7. Ans. It is quite normal as they give birth to a torso. head through car window. So Nick wanted to shock her. He did 360 spin in his car seat. She was frightened and speed of Quickly from these.

6. Nick has no limbs. So he has a very low centre of Gravity which helps him do 360 spins with ease 7. Bethany hamilton lost her arm by a shark bite.

15

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B–ö˛‘Ë˝≈Mʸ ÀÑʸ◊ÍÀ$ –ö˛$ñßÊ˛$–ö˛#V>, –˛$ô˲¢V> EÖyÏ˛ ^˲ΔÊˇ√Ö ¥˜yÏ˛V> EÖyÛ˛ÖßÊ˛$Mʸ$ ô¯yÊ˛µyÊ˛ôÈΔˇ$$ ^˲ΔÊˇ√ÖÚ≥O Gr$–ö˛ÖsÏ˝ GÀ»j Δ>Mʸ$Öyë ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝V> EÖsÍΔˇ$$ _Ø˲≤, –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈Á‹¶, Ú≥ßÊ˛™ Ú‹OkÃZœ ÀøÊ˝≈–ö˛$–ö˛#ô˲* ›˚MʸΔÊˇ≈–ö˛Öô˲ÖV> EÖsÍΔˇ$$.

A–ö˛Á‹ΔÊˇ–˛$OØ˲ ƒÊ˝$Ö{ô˲ Á≥«MʸΔ>À$ –˛$r«≤sÓ˝ ØÈ≈ã≥Mϸب˛fiØ˲$ ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ ΔÊˇM>ÃÒ˝OØ˲ ƒÊ˝$Ö{ô˲ Á≥«MʸΔ>ÃZœ ô˲ƒÊ˝*ΔÊˇ$ ^Û˛Á‹$¢ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$.

–ö˛*≈Ø˲$≈–ö˛Ãå˝: GΔˇ$$Δäˇ MʸÖ{Ú≥ÁŸΔäˇ, Á≥Ãå˝µ {Ú≥Ì‹fiÖVä¸ —$ÁŸØ¨˛, Á≥À”ΔˇOfΔäˇ, ƒÊ˝$$— Ú‹t«ÃÒ˝OfΔäˇ, Ô‹ÕÖVä¸ —$ÁŸØ¨˛, –˛$r«≤sÓ˝ ØÈ≈ã≥Mϸب˛ {Ú≥ã‹ ÃÙ˝ßë –ö˛òÃå˝z, –ö˛«PÖVä¸ sÙ˝∫$Ãå˝fi Ú‹“$ BsZ–Û˛$sÏ˝Mä¸: Á≥À”Ø˛OfΔäˇ 2 Cب˛ 1, Mʸ$r$t—$ÁŸØ¨˛, M¯Δäˇ y˛O Ú‹så˝, {Ú≥ã‹ —$ÁŸØ¨˛, ªÍÖyä˛ Ô‹ÕÖVä¸ —$ÁŸØ¨˛, ƒÊ˝$$—.M¸Ì‹Ø˛så˝, {Á≥´ßëØ˲ƒÊ˝$Ö{ô˲Ö, sÙ˝ã≥ MʸsÏ˝ÖVä¸ –˛$̟ب˛, –ö˛«PÖVä¸ sÙ˝∫$Ãå˝fi –ö˛$$yÏ˛Á≥ßëΔ>¶À$ –ö˛#yä˛ Á≥Ãå˝µ, ØÈب˛ –¯–˛Ø¨˛ ∏Î≈{ºMä¸, Á‹*Á≥Δäˇ AªÍj«æÖVä¸ ¥ÎÕ–ö˛$Δäˇ ÔŸså˝, ªÍ≈Mä¸ ÔŸså˝, sÙ˝ã≥, –ö˛#yä˛ Á≥Ãå˝µ ÔŸså˝, ¥Î≈MϸÖVä¸ –˛$sÓ˝«ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝fi ô˲ƒÊ˝*» —´ßëØË˛Ö –ö˛$$ÖßÊ˛$V> Eyä˛ Á≥Ãå˝µØ˲$ ØÈ≈ã≥Mϸب˛ BM>ΔÊˇÖÃZ Mʸܢ«›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. Ú≥O øÍV>Ø˲ ØÈب˛ –¯–˛Ø¨˛ M>œô¨˛, –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ øÍV>Ø˲ Gã‹GÌ≥ ÔŸså˝, ßë∞ MϸÖßÊ˛ –ö˛#yä˛ Á≥Ãå˝π ÔŸså˝ EÖ_ _–ö˛ΔÊˇV> ªÍ≈Mä¸ ÔŸså˝ A–ö˛$«a –Û˛yÏ˛ô¯V>∞ Mʸ$r$t ƒÊ˝$Ö{ô˲Öô¯ V>± AÜMϸ›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. A–ö˛Á‹ΔÊˇ–˛$OØ˲ ªÒ˝Ãå˝tØ˲$ Mʸ*yë A–ö˛$ΔÊˇ$›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. ØÈ◊˝≈ô˲ {Á≥–ö˛*◊ÍÀ –Û˛$ΔÊˇMʸ$ ô˲ƒÊ˝*ΔÊˇ$ ^Û˛Ì‹ Ú‹OkÀ –È» ¥Î≈Mä¸ ^Û˛Ì‹ –ö˛*ΔˇPså˝Mʸ$ ô˲ΔÊˇÕ›Î¢ΔÊˇ$. “sÏ˝∞ ô˲ƒÊ˝*ΔÊˇ$^Û˛ı‹ Á‹–ö˛$ƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ ô˲ƒÊ˝*»ßëΔÊˇ$À$ B{¥Îب˛fi, –ö˛òô¨˛ –ö˛*ã‹P, Úfl˝yä˛ M>≈ã≥, ‡≈Öyä˛ V˙œgå˝fi ô˲Á≥µ∞Á‹«V> ´ßÊ˛«Ö^ÈÕ.

–ö˛*ΔˇPsÏ˝ÖVä¸: {Á≥Á‹*Ü –˛OßÊ˛≈‘ÈÀÀ$, –˛$yÏ˛MʸÃå˝ ⁄ÎÁ≥#ÃZœ “sÏ˝∞ –ö˛*ΔˇPsÏ˝ÖVä¸ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝*Õfi EÖr$Ö®. Á≥«{‘Ë˝–ö˛$ —–ö˛Δ>À$ –ö˛*≈Ø˲$≈–ö˛Ãå˝ Á≥«{‘Ë˝–ö˛$ Eô˲µÜ¢ ›Î–ö˛$ΔÊˇ¶≈Ö: –˛Δˇ$$≈ ØÈ≈ã≥Mϸب˛fi / Δ¯kMʸ$ Á≥«{‘Ë˝–ö˛$ –ö˛≈ƒÊ˝$Ö: ΔÊˇ*.5 ÀÑʸÀ$ Ú‹“$ BsZ–˛$sÏ˝Mä¸ Á≥«{‘Ë˝–ö˛$ Eô˲µÜ¢ ›Î–ö˛$ΔÊˇ¶≈Ö: 1500 ØÈ≈ã≥Mϸب˛fi/VʸÖrMʸ$ Á≥«{‘Ë˝–ö˛$ –ö˛≈ƒÊ˝$Ö: ΔÊˇ*.20 ÀÑʸÀ$ q q q

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2) çÜ™èlÅçßæÇÔ¶æa…{§ýl 3) VýSÄñæ*´ëRêů]l… 4) _…™éÐ]l$×ìæ 33. º$§ýl$®yìlMìS ¿¶æ*Ñ$° §é¯]l… ^ólíܯ]l Ð]l$íßæâ¶æ GÐ]lÆý‡$?

1) çÜÆý‡Ð]l$ 2) E™èl¢Æý‡ 3) A{Ð]l$´ëÍ 4) çÜ™èlÅÐ]l† 34. A°¼òÜ…sŒæ.. ¨Ð]lÅgêq¯]l çÜÐ]l*f {糆°«§ýl$Æ>ÍV> ¿êÆý‡™ŒæMýS$ Gç³#µyýl$ Ð]l^éaÆý‡$?

1) 1885

2) 1893

3) 1901

4) 1907

¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ Ð]lÆý‡MýSr² °õÙ«§ýl ^èlrt… H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ AÐ]l$ÌZÏMìS Ð]l_a…¨?

51.

3) Ò$gꯌæ

4) ±ËWÇ

¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ "JË…§ýlÐ]l$Ã' A° Ðól$ÈÐ]l*™èl¯]l$ GMýSPyýl ç³Nh…_, E™èlÞÐ]l… °Æý‡ÓíßæÝë¢Æý‡$?

1) 1951 2) 1961 1) ç³ÕaÐ]l$ Vø§éÐ]lÇ 2) VýS$…r*Æý‡$ 3) 1971 4) 1956 3) °gêÐ]l*»ê§Šæ 4) ¯]lËÏVö…yýl 36. ÝëÑ{¡»êƇ¬ ç³NÌôæ fĶæ$…†° H ™ól©¯]l °Æý‡ÓíßæÝë¢Æý‡$?

52. Ð]l$ËÏÄñæ*«§ýl$Æ>Ë$ Ýë„ìS Ð]l*ÍMŠæ H Æ>{Úët°MìS 1) f¯]lÐ]lÇ 3 2) íœ{ºÐ]lÇ 23 ^ðl…¨¯]l ÐéÆý‡$?

4) òÜò³t…ºÆŠæ 15 1) ç³ÕaÐ]l$ »ñæ…V>ÌŒæ 3) Ð]l*Ça 13 2) çßæÇĶæ*×ê 37. »ôæVýS… çßæ{f™Œæ Ð]l$çßæÌŒæ H {´ë…™èl 3) ç³…g껌æ 4) ¼àÆŠæ ´ëËMýS$Æ>Ë$?

1) Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šæ 2) AÄñæ*«§ýlÅ 53. ÝëÓÑ$ ÑÐólM>¯]l…§ýl ™èlÍÏ GÐ]lÆý‡$?

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54. G….G‹Ü. çÜ$º$¾Ë„ìSà IMýSÅÆ>fÅ çÜÑ$† Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ çÜ¿¶æÌZ V>¯]l MýS^ólÈ H çÜ…Ð]l1) Dh‹³t 2) ç³ÇÛĶæ* ™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ ^ólÔ>Æý‡$?

3) }Ë…MýS 4) {XMŠæ 39. {ç³ç³…^èl Ð]l$íßæâê ¨¯ø™èlÞÐ]l… H ™ól©¯]l 1) 1966 2) 1968 °Æý‡ÓíßæÝë¢Æý‡$?

3) 1972 4) 1974 1) Ð]l*Ça 5 2) Ð]l*Ça 8 55. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ çÜOÆð‡¯]l f™èl H¨?

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43. "™øË$ »ŸÐ]l$ÃÌêr'ÌZ ï܈ ´ë{™èl õ³Æý‡$?

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4) Oò³Ð]l±² çÜOÆð‡¯]lÐól 3) MýS…sôæ MýS*™èl$Æó‡² MýS¯]l$ 45. "™èl…{yìl BíÜ¢ÌZ MýS*™èl$â¶æÏMýS$ MýS*yé çÜÐ]l*¯]l 4) AÐ]l$à Æ>i¯éÐ]l* Ðésê' B…{«§ýl{糧ólÔŒæÌZ H çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ 59. MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ çÜOÆð‡¯]l f™èl H¨?

AÐ]l$ÌZÏMìS Ð]l_a…¨?

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47. "^éÆý‡$Ð]l$†' GÐ]lÆý‡$?

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^ólÝë¢yýl$.

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G….G….ç³N…bŒæ MýSÑ$çÙ¯Œæ çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…&1 ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ: Æ>gêÅ…VýS…ÌZ° {ç³MýSÆý‡×æ 263 A…™èl{Æ>{çÙt Ð]l$…yýlÍ° HÆ>µr$ ^ólĶæ*Ë° °Æó‡ªÕçÜ$¢…¨. çÜÆ>PÇĶæ* MýSÑ$sîæ D Ñ«§ýlOÐðl$¯]l Ô>Ô¶æÓ™èl Ð]l$…yýlÍ° HÆ>µr$ ^ólĶæ*Ë° íܸëÆý‡$Þ ^ólíÜ…¨. C¨ Æ>{ÚëtË Ð]l$«§ýlÅ HÆý‡µyól ÑÐé§é˯]l$ ç³ÇçÙPÇçÜ$¢…¨.

5. iÆø AÐ]lÆŠæ VýS$Ç…_ °f…

M>°¨?

1) {ç³ÔZ²™èl¢Æ>Ë çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$… ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…r$ Ð]lÅÐ]làÆ>Ë$ fÆý‡ç³yé°MìS Ð]l¬…§ýl$ VýSË çÜÐ]l$Ķæ*°² iÆø AÐ]lÆŠæ A…sêÆý‡$. iÆø AÐ]lÆŠæ Ñ«§é¯é°² {¼r¯Œæ ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…rÈ çÜ…{糧éĶæ*Ë ¯]l$…_

4)

7.

8.

{VýSíßæ…^éÆý‡$.

D çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$…ÌZ çÜ¿¶æ$ÅË$ Ð]l¬…§ýl$V> ¯øsîæçÜ$ CÐ]lÓMýS$…yé çÜ¿¶æÌZ A…Ô>˯]l$ {ç³Ýë¢Ñ…^ö^èl$a.

M>Æý‡Å°Æ>ÓçßæMýS Ð]lÆ>Y°² A§ýl$ç³# ^ólõÜ…§ýl$MýS$ ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…r$MýS$ VýSË Vöç³µ Ý뫧ýl¯]l…. çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…& 2 ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ: iÆø AÐ]lÆŠæ Ñ«§é¯é°² Ð]l$¯]l §ólÔ¶æ… Ý÷…™èl…V> Æý‡*´÷…¨…^èl$MýS$…¨. ©°² {¼r¯Œæ ¯]l$…_ {VýSíßæ…^èlÌôæ§ýl$.

MìS…¨ ÐésìæÌZ "guillotine' A…sôæ? çÜÐ]l$Ķæ*¿êÐ]l… M>Æý‡×æ…V> ÑÑ«§ýl {V>…sŒæÞ MøçÜ… Ð]l^óla yìlÐ]l*…yýlϯ]l$ Ksìæ…VŠæ, ^èlÆý‡a ÌôæMýS$…yé BÐðl*¨…^èlyýl…

VýS™èl çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆý‡…ÌZ Ñ$Wͯ]l °«§ýl$˯]l$ B çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>°MóS ÌñæMýSP ^èl*yýlr…

A{´ë{í³Äôæ$çÙ¯Œæ ¼Ë$ϯ]l$ Æ>fÅçÜ¿¶æ 14 ÆøkÌZÏV> BÐðl*¨…^èl° 糄ýS…ÌZ ÌZMŠæçÜ¿¶æ A¯]l$Ð]l$†…^èlyýl… ÑÑ«§ýl Ð]l$…{†™èlÓ Ô>QËMýS$ ^ðl…¨¯]l yìlÐ]l*…yýlϯ]l$ ÌZMŠæçÜ¿¶æÌZ {ç³ÐólÔ¶æò³rtMýS´ùÐ]lyýl… çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…&1 ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ: guillotine §éÓÆ> M>Æý‡Å°Æ>ÓçßæMýS Ð]lÆý‡Y…Oò³ ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…r$ A§ýl$ç³#, °Ä¶æ$…{™èl×æ ™èlWY´ù™èl$…§ýl° °ç³#×æ$Ë$ ÑÔ¶æÓíÜçÜ$¢¯é²Æý‡$. §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ ™öÍÝëÇV> ç³…^éĶæ$¡Æ>gŒæ çÜ…çܦ˯]l$ {´ëÆý‡…À…_¯]l Æ>{çÙt…?

1) B…{«§ýl{糧ólÔŒæ 2) Æ>fÝë¦¯æŒ 3) AÝù…

4) JyìlÔ> çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…&2 ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ: Æ>fÝ릯ŒæÌZ° ¯éVúÆŠæÌZ (1959, AMøtºÆŠæ 2) ™öÍÝëÇV> ç³…^éĶæ$¡Æ>gŒæ Ñ«§é¯é°² AÐ]l$Ë$ ^ólÔ>Æý‡$.

MýS…{´ùtËÆŠæ A…yŠæ ByìlrÆŠæ f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ (M>VŠæ) ™èl¯]l ÐéÇÛMýS °Ðól¨MýS¯]l$ GÐ]lÇMìS çÜÐ]l$ǵÝë¢Æý‡$?

1) Æ>{çÙt糆 2) ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…r$ 3) {ç³×êãM> çÜ…çœ$…

4) çÜ${ï³…MøÆý‡$t {糫§é¯]l ¯éÅĶæ$Ð]lÊÇ¢

çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…&1 ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ: M>VŠæ ™èl¯]l ÐéÇÛMýS °Ðól¨MýS¯]l$ Æ>{çÙt糆MìS ç³…ç³#™éÆý‡$. Æ>{çÙt糆 §é°² ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…r$MýS$ °Ðól¨Ýë¢Æý‡$.

9. MóS¼¯ðlsŒæ.. Æ>{çÙt糆MìS C_a¯]l çÜËà˯]l$ GMýSPyýl {ç³Õ²…^ö^èl$a?

1) GMýSPyé {ç³Õ²…^èlÌôæ…

2) ¯éÅĶæ$Ý릯éÌZÏ {ç³Õ²…^ö^èl$a 3) {ç³™ólÅMýS {Osñæº$ů]lâ¶æÏÌZ 4) Æ>{çÙt糆 M>Æ>ÅËĶæ$…ÌZ çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…&1 ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ: Ð]l$¯]l §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ Ð]l$…{†Ð]l$…yýlÍ.. çÜÐ]l$íÙt »ê«§ýlÅ™èl, Ð]lÅMìS¢ »ê«§ýlÅ™èl, MóS¼¯ðlsŒæ ïÜ{MýSïÜ, Æ>fMîSĶæ$ çÜgê¡Ä¶æ$™èl Ð]l…sìæl çÜ*{™éË B«§éÆý‡…V> ç³°^ólçÜ$¢…¨. MóS¼¯ðlsŒæ.. Æ>{çÙç³t †MìS C_a¯]l çÜËà˯]l$ H Ñ«§ýl…V>¯]l* çÜÐéË$ ^ólĶæ$yýl…

MýS$§ýlÆý‡§ýl$.

10. ÑÑ«§ýl Ð]l$…{™èl$ËMýS$ Ô>Q˯]l$ GÐ]lÆý‡$ MóSsêƇ¬Ýë¢Æý‡$?

1) {糫§é¯]lÐ]l$…{† 2) Æ>{çÙt糆 ™èl¯]l CçÙt… Ðól$Æý‡MýS$ 3) {糫§é° çÜËà Ðól$Æý‡MýS$ Æ>{çÙt糆 4) Üï µMýSÆŠæ çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…&3 ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ: {糫§é° çÜËà Ðól$Æý‡MýS$ Æ>{çÙt糆 D Ô>Q˯]l$ MóSsêƇ¬Ýë¢yýl$.

11. Ô>çܯ]l çÜ¿¶æË$ Ìôæ° MóS…{§ýl´ëÍ™èl {´ë…™éËMýS$ ™èlW¯]l ^èlsêt˯]l$ MìS…¨Ðé°ÌZ GÐ]lÆý‡$ ^ólÝë¢Æý‡$?

1) MóS…{§ýl ß ç Z… Ð]l$…{† 2) Æ>{çÙt糆 3) ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…r$ 4) ïܵMýSÆŠæ çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…&3 ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ: ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…r$ MóS…{§ýl´ëÍ™èl {´ë…™éËMìS AÐ]lçÜÆý‡OÐðl$¯]l ^èlsêt˯]l$ ™èlĶæ*Æý‡$ ^ólçÜ$¢…¨.

í³.Ððl…MýSr¯éÆ>Ķæ$×æ ÌñæMýSaÆý‡ÆŠæ, {糿¶æ$™èlÓ þ°Ä¶æ$ÆŠæ MýSâêÔ>Ë, íÜÇç³#Æý‡…, QÐ]l$Ã….

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Ð]lËçÜ Ð]l_a¯]l ÐéÆó‡™èlç³µ Ô¶æÆý‡×êÆý‡$¦Ë$ M>Æý‡° çܵçÙt… ^ólÔ>Æý‡$. §ólÔ¶æ ¿¶æ{§ýl™èl §ýl–ÚëtÅ Æøíßæ…V>Å˯]l$ ¿êÆý‡™Œl ¯]l$…_ ç³…í³…_ÐólĶæ*Ë° Mö…§ýlÆý‡$ Ðé¨çÜ$¢…yýlV>, Ð]l$Ķæ$¯éÃÆŠ‡ ¯]l$…_ {´ë×æÁ†™ø Ð]l_a¯]l Æøíßæ…V>ÅËOò³ E{VýSÐé§ýl Ð]l¬{§ýl ÐólĶæ$yýl… çÜÇM>§ýl¯]l²¨ Mö…§ýlÇ AÀ{´ëĶæ$…. Æøíßæ…V>ÅË ÑçÙĶæ$…ÌZ Ð]l*¯]lÐ]l çßæMýS$PË EËÏ…çœ$¯]l¯]l$ IMýSÅÆ>fÅ çÜÑ$† (ĶæÊG¯ŒlÐø).. "Crimes Against Humanity'V> õ³ÆöP…¨. ¿êÆý‡™Œl, Ð]l$Ķæ$¯éÃÆŠ‡ Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ç³sìæçÙt BǦMýS, Ð]lNÅà™èlÃMýS çÜ…º…«§é˯]l$ Ððl$Æý‡$VýS$ ç³Æý‡^èl$MøÐéË° Æð‡…yýl$ §ólÔ>Ë {糿¶æ$™éÓË$ ¿êÑçÜ$¢¯]l² ¯ólç³£ýlÅ…ÌZ Æøíßæ…V>ÅË A…Ô¶æ… {´ë«§é¯]lÅ… çÜ…™èlÇ…^èl$MýS$…¨. ¿êÆý‡™Œl çÜ…™èlMýS… ^ólĶæ$¯]l…§ýl$¯]l Æøíßæ…V>Å˯]l$ Ððl¯]lMìSPç³…ç³yýl…ÌZ HÑ«§ýlOÐðl$¯]l Cº¾…§ýl$Ë$ E…yýlÐ]l° MóS…{§ýl çßZ… Ð]l$…{† Æ>gŒæ¯é£ŠlíÜ…VŠS çܵçÙt… ^ólÔ>Æý‡$. Ð]l$ÆøOÐðlç³# ç³ÕaÐ]l$ »ñæ…V>ÌŒæ »êËË çßæMýS$PË MýSÑ$çÙ¯Œl Æøíßæ…V>Å˯]l$ §ólÔ¶æ… ¯]l$…_ ç³…í³…^èlMýS$…yé °Ë$Ð]lÇ…^éË…r* çÜ${ï³…MøÆý‡$t¯]l$ B{Ô¶æƇ¬…_…¨. Æøíßæ…V>ÅË$ §ólÔ¶æ ¿¶æ{§ýl™èlMýS$ {ç³Ð]l*§ýlÐ]l$°, Ð]l¯]lÆý‡$ËMýS$ ¿êÆý‡Ð]l$° Mö…™èlÐ]l$…¨ AÀ{´ëĶæ$ç³yýl$™èl$…sôæ.. Æøíßæ…V>ÅË$ {´ë×æÁ†™ø ¿êÆý‡™ŒlÌZMìS {ç³ÐólÕõÜ¢ ÐéÇ° E{VýSÐé§ýl$Ë$V> _{¡MýSÇ…^èlyýl… çÜÇM>§ýl¯]l²¨ Ð]l$ÇMö…§ýlÇ AÀ{´ëĶæ$….

yé‘‘ ™èlÐ]l*à MøsìæÆð‡yìlz {´÷òœçÜÆŠ‡, I½G‹Ü, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šl.

M>…í³sîæsìæÐŒæ Mú¯ðlÞÍ…VŠæ ¯ól¯]l$ íÜÑÌŒæ çÜÈÓòÜ‹Ü GV>jÑ$¯ólçÙ¯Œl (ïÜG‹ÜD) Æ>Ķæ*˯]l$MýS$…r$¯é²¯]l$. GÌê ^èl§ýlÐéÍ?

& G….™èl¯]l*f, M>MìS¯éyýl.

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✮

{´ë£ýlÑ$MýS ¿êÐ]l¯]lË$ (Basic concepts)Oò³ ç³r$t.. Ð]lÆý‡¢-Ð]l*¯]l Ð]lÅÐ]l-à-Æ>-ËOò³ AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l.. ™èl$Ë-¯é™èlÃMýS A«§ýlÅ-Ķæ$¯]l….. ÑÔóæÏ-çÙ-×ê-™èlÃMýS §ýl–MýSµ£ýl….. CÒ íÜÑÌŒæÞ L™éÞ-íßæ-MýS$ËMýS$ E…yé-ÍÞ¯]l {´ë£ýl-Ñ$MýS Ë„ýS×êË$! ç³È-„ýSMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…-_¯]l íÜ˺-‹Ü-ÌZ° A…Ô>Ë M>¯ðlÞ‹³tÞ Ððl¬§ýlË$ ÐésìæMìS çÜ…º…-«¨…-_¯]l çÜÐ]l$-M>-ί]l ç³Ç-×ê-Ð]l*Ë Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ A°²-sìæOò³ çÜÐ]l${VýS AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l ò³…^èl$-MýS$…r* Ô>ï܈-Ķæ$…V> Ayýl$-VýS$Ë$ ÐólĶæ*Í. A糚yól ÑfĶæ$… ^ólhMýS$P™èl$…¨. íÜÑÌŒæÞ L™éÞ-íßæMýS A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ-¯ŒlÌZ ¿êVýS…V> Ððl¬§ýlr ^ólĶæ*-ÍÞ¯]l ç³° íÜ˺‹Ü A«§ýlÅ-Ķæ$¯]l…. °Æó‡ª-Õ™èl íÜË-º-‹Ü¯]l$ BÝë…™èl… „ýS$×æ²…V> ç³Ç-ÖÍ…-^éÍ. Ð]l¬QÅ…V> Ððl¬§ýl-sìæ-ÝëÇ ç³È-„ýSMýS$ çܯ]l²-§ýl®-Ð]l$-Ð]l#-™èl$¯]l² A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦-ËMýS$ C¨ ^éÌê AÐ]l-çÜÆý‡…. íÜË-º‹Ü ç³Ç-Ö-˯]l §éÓÆ> ™èlÐ]l$MýS$ AÐ]lV>-çßæ¯]l E¯]l² A…Ô>-ÌôæÑ? ç³NÇ¢-Ýë¦-Ƈ¬ÌZ §ýl–íÙt-Ýë-Ç…-^é-ÍÞ¯]l A…Ô>ÌôæÑ? A¯ól¨ ™ðlË$-çÜ$¢…¨. C¨ {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ-¯ŒlMýS$ G…™èl-V>¯ø Eç³-MýS-ÇçÜ$¢…¨. íÜË-º‹Ü ç³Ç-Ö-˯]l B«§é-Æý‡…V> AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l Ìôæ° A…Ô>-˯]l$ ÌZ™èl$V> A«§ýlÅ-Ķæ$¯]l… ^ólõÜ ÑçÙ-Ķæ$…ÌZ JMýS A…^èl-¯éMýS$ Æ>ÐéÍ. íÜÑÌŒæÞ ç³È-„ýSÌZ OòܯŒlÞ A…yŠl sñæM>²-Ëi, ´ëÍsîæ, GM>-¯]lÒ$, íßæçÜtÈ.. CÌê A°² ¯ólç³-£éÅË A…Ô>Ë$ E…sêƇ¬. ©…™ø ç³È-„ýSMýS$ ´ùsîæ-ç³yól {糆 A¿¶æÅǦ ™èlÐ]l$ AMýS-yýl-Ñ$MŠS ¯ólç³-£éÅ-°MìS çÜ…º…«§ýl…Ìôæ° A…Ô>ÌZÏ Mö…™èl B…§ø-â¶æ¯]l ^ðl…§ýl$-™èl$…-sêÆý‡$. E§é-çßæ-Æý‡-×æMýS$ BÆŠ‡tÞ Ñ§éÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ OòܯŒlÞ A…yŠl sñæM>²-Ëi; OòܯŒlÞ Ñ§éÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ f¯]l-Æý‡ÌŒæ ¯éÌñæyŠlj-ÌZ° ´ëÍsîæ, GM>-¯]lÒ$, íßæçÜtÈ, gê{VýS-ïœ-ËMýS$ {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ¯Œl ÑçÙĶæ$…ÌZ Cº¾…¨ ç³yýl$-™èl$-¯é²Æý‡$. AƇ¬™ól °ç³#-×æ$Ë AÀ-{´ëĶæ$… {ç³M>Æý‡….. íÜË-º-‹ÜÌZ õ³ÆöP¯]l² A…Ô>-˱² {V>yýl$Å-Äôæ$-çÙ¯Œl Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ¯ól E…r$-¯é²Æ‡¬. M>ºsìæt ™èlÐ]l$ AMýS-yýl-Ñ$MŠS ¯ólç³£ýlÅ… Ìôæ° A…Ô>ËMýS$ {ç³™ólÅMýS {ç³×ê-ãMýS Æý‡*´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. ÆøkMýS$ 糨 ¯]l$…_ 糯ðl²…yýl$ VýS…rË ´ër$ {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ¯Œl ÝëW…^ól A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ ™èlÐ]l$MýS$ ç³Ç-^èlĶæ$… Ìôæ° A…Ô>-ËMýS$ MýS±çÜ… Ð]lÊyýl$ VýS…rË$ MóSsê-Ƈ¬…^éÍ. íÜÑÌŒæÞ {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ¯Œl ç³Æý‡…V> A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦-ËMýS$ {ç³Äñæ*-f¯]l… ^ólMýS*Æó‡a Ð]l$Æø Ý뫧ýl¯]l….. VýS™èl {ç³Ô¶æ²-ç³-{™éË ç³Ç-Ö-˯]l. ©° §éÓÆ> {糫§é-¯]l…V> {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë OÔðæÍ AÆý‡¦-Ð]l$-Ð]l#-™èl$…¨. íÜÑÌŒæÞ Ñf-Ķæ$…ÌZ Ððl$sîæ-Ç-Ķæ$ÌŒæ G…í³-MýS¨ -G…™ø MîSËMýS ´ë{™èl. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… JMýS çÜ»ñæj-MŠStMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_ 糧ýl$Ë çÜ…QÅ ÌZ ç³#çÜ¢-M>Ë$, Ððl»Œæ ÇÝù-Æð‡Þ‹Ü A…§ýl$-»ê-r$ÌZ E¯é²Æ‡¬. BĶæ* ç³#çÜ¢-M>-˯]l$ G…í³MýS ^ólçÜ$-MýS$¯ól Ð]l¬…§ýl$ íÜË-º-‹Ü-ÌZ° A°² A…Ô>Ë$ E¯é²Ä¶æ*? ÌôæÐé? E…sôæ °ÇªçÙt A…Ô¶æ…Oò³ A°² Mø×êÌZÏ çÜÐ]l*-^éÆý‡… E…§é?

A¯ól¨ ç³Ç-Ö-Í…-^éÍ. çÜÐ]l${VýS çÜÐ]l*-^éÆý‡… E¯]l² Ððl$sîæ-Ç-Ķæ$-ÌŒæ¯ól G…í³MýS ^ólçÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. JMýS A…Ô>°² ÑÔóæÏ-çÙ-×ê-™èlÃ-MýS…V>, yìl{íÜP-í³tÐŒl Ñ«§é-¯]l…ÌZ ^èl¨-Ñ™ól JMóS çÜÐ]l$-Ķæ$…ÌZ {í³ÍÐŒl$Þ, Ððl$Ƈ¬¯ŒlÞ Æð‡…yìlsìæMîS çܯ]l²-§ýl®™èl ËÀ-çÜ$¢…¨.

OÐðlG-‹Ü-B-ÆŠ‡ h-ÌêÏ l B¨ÐéÆý‡… l òÜò³t…ºÆŠæ l 24 l 2017

14 ѧýlÅ

Where the stomata is located? í³. ±ËMýS…uý‡Ä¶æ$Å

3.

çÜ*PÌŒæ AíÜòÜt…sŒæ, gñæyîlµòßæ^ŒæG‹Ü, MýSÐ]l$ÃMýS…{yìlVýS, _™èl*¢Æý‡$ hÌêÏ. 4.

Nutrition - Food Supplying System Chapter at a Glance ◆ Nutrition in autotrophs ◆ Photosynthesis- Definition ◆

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importance Materials needed for photosynthesis Water Air-(Joseph priestly Experiment) CO2-Essential–Mohl half leaf experiment Light – Essential –Ingenhousz experiment Lab activities: 1. O2 is released in the photosynthesis 2. Importance of light in producing carbohydrate 3. Essentiality of chlorophyll – Pelletier, & caventou 4. Starch test in leaf – Experiment Where does Photosynthesis takes place in the leaf.

1. Anatomy of leaves, (T.S. of leaf) 2. Structure of chloroplast Mechanism of photosynthesis 1. Light reaction, I, II, III steps..

Photolysis, splitting of water molecule, O2 released 2. Dark reaction 3. CO2-NADP+ATP – Glucose Nutrition in Heterotrophs How do organism obtain their food Ex: Paramecium, Amoeba.

Parasitic nutrition in Cuscuta.

Digestive system in Human 1. Digestive system-organs and glands.

2. Test with litmus paper (Saliva) 3. Digestive tract – Health concepts Malnutrition – diseases 1. Kwashiorkor; 2. Marasmus; 3. Obesity; 4. Vitamin deficiency diseases Type of vitamins deficiency diseases

KEY WORDS 1. Alimentary canal: In the human digestive system, it is a long tube like structure which extends from mouth to anus 2. Amylase: A digestive enzyme secreted in alimentary canal. It is called salivary amylase or ptyalin present in saliva. It is also present in pancreatic juice.

It converts complex

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carbohydrate to simple ones.

Bile juice: Secreted by liver.

Though there are no enzymes in it helps in emulsification of facts.

Cellulose: A complex carbonic compound stored in the plants. It is made of thousands of glucose molecules.

Chloroplast: A unique three membranous structure only present in plant cells. Photosynthesis is done is chloroplasts in the name of light reaction and dark reactions which lead to the synthesis of glucose (starch).

Chyme: A soft slimy substance formed during digestion process in stomach. The proteins and carbohydrates are broken down into small molecules and form it.

Dark reaction: This is the second and Bio-Synthetic phase of photosynthesis. Glucose will be synthesized by consuming CO2 and by utilizing the energy of ATP+NADPH in this reaction. This occurs in the absence of light.

Digestion: The breaking down of complex food material, into simple food material with the help of enzymes, to get absorbed in the body is called digestion.

Emulsification: The process in which fat materials are broken down into small globule like forms by the action of bile juice secreted from liver.

Enzymes: These are catalytic chemical substances. These are secreted by digestive glands and help in the process of digestion.

11. Glucose: Glucose is a simple carbohydrate. We obtain glucose (C6H12O6) through our diet.

Glucose gives us energy.

12. Grana: Membrane of chloroplast showing stacked sac like structures. These are thylakoid stacks. Here light reaction takes place.

13. Haustoria: The root like structures of cuscuta plant that penetrate the tissue of a host water and nutrients are drawn through these.

14. Heterotrophic nutrition: The method in which some organisms acquire food by depending on others.

15. Light reaction: This is Photochemical phase of photo synthesis. In this reaction events like splitting of water molecule and formation of ATP and NADPH occur by absorbing Photons. For this light is essential.

糧ø ™èlÆý‡VýS† ºÄ¶æ*Ëi (C….Ò$.) {ç³™ólÅMýS… 16. Lipase: The enzyme secreted by stomach and pancreas. It converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol 17. Liver: The biggest digestive gland. It performs so many functions. It secretes bile which helps in emulsification of fats. Its special function is to store Glucose in the form of Glycogen.

18. Pancreas: The most important digestive gland, located near the curve of duodenum. It secretes Trypsin, Lipase, Amylase etc.

19. Parasitic nutrition: Obtaining food (nutrients) from animals or plants without doing any harm to them Eg: Dodder plant.

20. Pepsin: The enzyme present in gastric juice. It breaks down proteins into peptones.

21. Peristaltic Movement: The wave like movements that occur in different parts of alimentary canal. These are involuntary movements.

22. Salivary glands: These are the three pairs of digestive glands present in the oral cavity. These secrete Salivary Amylase (ptyalin) which converts complex carbohydrates to simple carbohydrates.

23. Sphincter: Ring like muscular structures present at different parts of the alimentary canal Ex: Sphincter at the end of stomach, anus etc..

24. Starch: It is a form of carbohydrate. It is synthesised by the process of Photo synthesis.

25. Stroma: Colourless part of chloroplast is called stroma.

Dark phase of Photosynthesis takes place in stroma.

CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING 1. How Does Gaseous exchange occur through stomata?

Ans) 1. In Leaves, gaseous exchange takes place through stomata.

2. The gases like CO2 and O2 are exchanged between atmosphere (outside) and the tissues of leaves (inside) by diffusion.

2. What are autotrophs?

Ans) The organisms which prepare

food by their own are called autotrophs.

Ex: Green plants and photosynthetic bacteria.

3. What are the other materials required for photosynthesis along with CO2 and water?

Ans) Photosynthesis requires two factors: 1. External factors: These are raw materials like (i) sunlight (ii) carbon dioxide (iii) Water 2) Internal factors: Chlorophyll 4. Leaves prepare substance ‘A’ through photosynthesis. It is converted into substance ‘B’.

What are A and B? Ans) Leaves prepare glucose (A) through photosynthesis. Glucose is converted into starch (B) and stored in plants.

5. Observe the table and answer the questions S.No Nutrition Organism 1 Autotrophism Plants 2 a Animal 3. b Cascuta i . a _______ b_______ ii. Animals are not having chloroplasts. States why they depend on other organism.

Ans) i) a. Heterotrophism; b. Parasitism ii) Chlorophyll having a capacity to convert light energy to chemical energy 6. C6H12O6= Glucose. Name the factors and process to prepare this substance.

Ans) i. CO2, water, light chlorophyll ii. Photosynthesis Light → CH O+ 7. CO2+2H2O  2 Chl H2O+O2.

Is it a balanced equation?

Ans) It was not a balanced equation.

Light → 6CO2+12H2O Chemical

C6H12O6+6O2+6H2O

8. Where the stomata is located?

What happens if stomata is in the following stages? a) Opened b) Closed Ans) Stomata located in leaf at lower epidermis i. If stomata open the gases exchange taken place it helps transporters ii. If stomata closed the transporters not occur.

9. Write the relations between the following with the help of Experiments of Joseph Priestley. a) Burning candle- Rat b) Extinguished candle- Rat c) Mint plant- Rat Ans) a. Burning candle–Rat=Rat stayed alive

b. Extinguised candle–Rat=Rat suffocates c. Mint plant – Rat=when placed the mint plant in the jar the rat stayed alive 10. Stithi said that Chlorophyll and chloroplast are differ.

Explain?

Ans) Yes. Chlorophyll and chloroplast are different. Chloroplast in cell organelle which was located at the plast cell. i) Chlorophyll is a green coloured pigment which gives green colour to the plants. ii) Chlorophyll located in the chloroplast. It helps to trap the light energy in plants.

11. Read the following sentences a) Conversion of _i______ energy chemical energy b) Splitting of___ii_____ molecule c) ______iii__ of CO2 to carbohydrates 1. Where can these events Occur?

2. Write the words in i, ii, iii Ans) i) All these events occur in grana thylakoid of chloroplast. ii) light ii) water iii) reduce II. Asking Questions and Making Hypothesis (AS2) 1. How do non-green plants such as fungi and bacteria obtain their nourishment ?

Ans) 1. Non-green plants such as fungi obtain their food by breaking down the food mate rial outside the body and then absorb it. This is called saprophytic mode of nutrition.

Eg: Bread moulds, yeast, mushroom etc., 2. Bacteria enters into another organism’s body, invade into their cells and absorb necessary substances.

Eg: T.B bacteria, Salmonella Typhi etc.

3. Some more animals depend on the host and leads the parasitic mode of life.

2. If we keep on increasing CO2 concentration in the air, what will be the rate of photosynthesis ?

Ans) 1. If the CO2 concentration in the air is increases, the rate of photosynthesis also increases. If the CO2 concentration raises above 5% then the rate of photosynthesis reduces.

2. If CO2 concentration increases there will be an increase in temperature of the atmosphere.

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 24,  2017-  

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   �       .         .     . �     . �     ATP   .      ‘  ’   .

   �            .     . �     .      . �        . �             .

    ?  (The Muscle) �     . �  40-50    

 . �       . ...

1.  (Excitability) -   2.  (Contractility) - ,   3.  (Elasticity) -     

  

         . �      ‘  /’  . �      /   . �             . :     -  �     . �    ‘’ ,     . �          . (              ) �           . �        .     . �       (Myofilaments/myfibrils)     .         .

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     .   I-    (Isotropic band)   .   A-    (Anisotropic band)  . A     . ,                .         .

I-    Z-      .

I-     Z-    .      A-     M-  M-  .                .

A-, I-        .

  (Sarcomere) �

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    Z         .    ,  .          A-    ,         .   A-  ,     .

A-      H-  H-    .       A-     .

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     (Dark:  ),  (Light:  )      (Striated/Stripped) . ,          .     , 

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     F-  (Filamentous Actin)     .  F-      .  G-  (Globular Actin) .

 F-     .          .   3   .  Tn-T, Tn-I, Tn-C. Tn-T , Tn-C  (Ca+2)  . Tn-I            .            .          .   ,     .

 (Myosin)

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SENIOR INTER

  , ,  9989535675 �

zoology

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    (Actin)

 

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   

G-        F .     ,        .

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   .  ATP        .        .   ‘’   .   ,      .          . ,    ‘ ’ (Heavy mero myosin-HMM) ,  ‘   (Light meromyosin-LLM)  .  ,         .      200300    .

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      Z- ,      Z-   .               .      A  M       .             .       .       .  ATP,          .

 (Triad System) �    Z-            T- .       .       A-, I-    . �  T-       . �  T-        (Triad system) . �         .   (Motor Unit) �              . �  ,     ‘      ’   .  - �        . ...

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 24,  2017-  

41.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  42.        ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  43. 2016-17        ?

1)  2) 

ntbhadradri.com

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3)  4)  44.     ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  45.         ?

1) -  2) -  3)  - 4) -

     ?

1.           ?

1) 22  2) 35  3) 36  4) 31  2.     .

1)  2)  3)  4)  3. 2017  1   31        1  3  ?

1) , ,  2)  , ,  3) , ,  4) , ,  4.  17    100                 ?

1)   2)   3)   4)  5.        ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  6.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  7. ‘ ’  ?

1)   2)  3)   4)   8.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  9.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  10.     ?

1)   2)   3)   4)   11.  17        ?

1) 1961   2)        3)       4)     12.   ?

1)  21 2)  22 3)  23 4)  24 13. 2022     ?

1)   2)  3)  4)  14.  27  29       .      ?

1)   2)   3)    4)   

15.   17     ?

1) 5 2) 6 3) 7 4) 8 16.  21 . 11. 35       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  17.  18 , ,        ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  18.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  19. 2017      ?

1) 136 2) 137 3) 138 4) 139 20.  19   7.4     .       ?

1) 32 2) 33 3) 34 4) 35 21.        ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  22.        ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  23.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  24. 2017       ?

1) 19 2)  18 3)  12 4)  5 25.  21 350 ..            .   ?

1)  2)  3)   4)   26.       ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  27.  21     ?

   &       



?

1) -  2) -  3) -  4) - 

 1-2, 7-4, 13-1, 19-2, 25-2, 31-4, 37-2, 43-1 ,

   ?

1)   2)   3)   4)     36.          ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  37.      ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  38.        ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  39. 19        ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  40. 2017       

2-4, 8-3, 14-2, 20-1, 26-1, 32-3, 38-4, 44-1,

3-3, 9-4, 15-1, 21-3, 27-5, 33-1, 39-3, 45-4

4-4, 10-2, 16-1, 22-4, 28-4, 34-4, 40-4,

5-1, 11-3, 17-3, 23-4, 29-2, 35-4, 41-3,

6-1, 12-1, 18-4, 24-1, 30-2, 36-1, 42-3,

 ‘ & ’ �

 

 &  

1)  2)  3)   4)  5)  28.          ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  29.  20        ?

1)   2)   3)   4)  30.       20     ?

1)    2)  3)  4)  31. 2018             ?

1) -2 2)   3)  4)  32.        ?

1)  2)  3)  4)  33.       ?

1)   2)   3)    4)   34.  27        .             ?

1) 30  2) 20  3) 28  4) 25  35.         .      

    ,    .   ,      .  4   450      ‘ & ’   .         .   .       .      .   &  , : 450, : . 320/- : ‘  , ,   , ,  : 040 27602666 /8187826293

  �

      15-20   .

31   , ,    .           ‘ ’    .   ,   .   - 446,  . 199/-,     , . : 9291403205.

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ÎCî¦ô¢Ù 24 -šúšídÙñô¢ª 2017-

Ð-û¦-è[ª M Seenappa, Sollapuram

Q: Sir,

éÀçC °æüΔ-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-

©®Ω’.

1. Elvis 2. Maltshop 3. Ponytails 4. Soda pop 5. Sun glasses 6. Back pack 7. Role play 8. Item girl 9. Bugspary 10. Campfire 11. Fishing pole 12. Flash light 13. Ice chest 14. Slipper 15. Step mother 16. Wand 17. Foot print 18. Thurman 19. Crockery 20. Collocations A: 1) áLyÆˇ ÅØËC äéπ v°æ´·ê £æ…M-´¤ú˛ †®Ωh-èπ◊úÕ Ê°®Ω’ 2) ¢Á·©-éπ-©ûÓ ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËÆœ† vü¿´ç Ţ˒t ü¿’é¬ùç 3) Å´÷t-®·©’ ûª´’ Vô’d†’ ¢Á†éÀ\ ü¿’Ny, ¢√öÀE ûª© ¢Á†éπ ¢Ëߪ’úøç.

Pony = §ÒöÀd ñ«A í∫’v®Ωç. Æ‘Y©’ ûª´’ ¢Áç-vô’é𩆒 ûÓéπ-™«í∫ ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’ 鬕öÀd üΔEo ponytail Åçö«®Ω’.

4) ≤Úú≈ •’Ææ’q† §Òçí∫úøç

13

5) áçúø ûªí∫-©-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úË †©x éπ∞¡x-ñ úø’ 6) O°æ¤èπ◊ ûªT-Lç--èπ◊ØË Ææç* ™«çöÀC 7) ÉçéÌ-éπJ §ƒvûª ´£œ«ç-îªúøç 8) -â-õ„-¢˛’ ≤ƒçí˚éÀ Ø√ôuç îËÊÆ Å´÷t®· 9) †©’x-©†’ îªçÊ° ®Ω≤ƒ-ߪ’-Ø√Eo ï©’xí¬ îª©xúøç 10) àüÁjØ√ N£æ…-®Ω-ߪ÷-vûªèπ◊ ¢ÁRx-†-°æ¤púø’ Åéπ\úø ®√vA-°æ‹ô ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ØË ´’çô 11) îË°æ©’ °æõ‰dç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË éπv®Ω (DEéÀ üΔ®Ωç, á®Ω ûªT-L-≤ƒh®Ω’) 12) ö«Ja-™„jö¸ 13) âÆˇ-´·-éπ\©’ °õ‰d °õ„d 14) îÁ°æ¤p-©-™«ç-öÀN 15) Ææ´A ûªLx 16) éπv®Ω-™«ç-öÀC, ´·êuçí¬ ´’çvûª-ü¿çúøç 17) é¬L Åúø’í∫’ 18) ÉC ´uéÀh Ê°®Ω’ 19) Ê°xô÷x, éπ°æ¤p©÷, ≤ƒÆæ®Ω÷x, îÁçî√©’, §∂Ú®Ω’\-©-™«ç-öÀN 20) ´÷ô© éπ©-®·éπ. ÖüΔ: N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† üËy≠æç (Ééπ\úø üËy≥ƒ-EéÀ

959 O’ -v°æ-¨¡o-©’ °æç-§ƒ-Lq-† -*®Ω’-Ø√-´÷...

-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ, -v°æ-A-¶μº -N-¶μ«í∫ç, Ñ-Ø√--úø’ 鬮√u-©-ߪ’ç, - ®√-¢Á÷-@ °∂œ-™¸t Æœ-öÃ, -Å-Ø√-ñ ¸°æ‹®˝, ®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf ->-™«x.

Email your questions to: pratibhadesk@eenadu.net

´·çü¿’ N°æ-Kûªç ¢√úøû√ç) Lay the book there.

-Ö-†o-C -Ö-†o--ô’x -îÁ°æp-úøç..

Writer

P. Ashok

- M. Suresan

Q: Sir, what is the difference between subject and object and what is the meaning of objectivism? Sir I can understand the meaning of each word while reading a book, but can't get the sum and substance of what I am reading. What should I do to overcome this?

A: In grammar, what a sentence talks about is its subject.

Eg: India is a large country.

Here the sentence talks about India, so India is the subject of the sentence. Put the question 'whom' / 'what' to the verb, the answer you get is the object.

Eg: i) He bought a pen yesterday. The verb here is, 'bought'. He bought what? The answer is 'pen', so pen is the object. ii) She bought a dress last night. The verb here is, bought. She bought what? The answer is 'dress' - so 'dress' is the object.

Why are you here?

In the last article, we have seen what the subject of a sentence is. Let us remember once again: The subject of a sentence is what the sentence talks about. (¢√éπuç üËEo í∫’Jç* îÁ•’-ûª’çüÓ üΔEo subject

Åçö«®Ω’.)

Eg: a) Vijayawada is on the banks of the Krishna.

This sentence talks about Vijayawada, so, Vijayawada is the subject of the sentence. b) i) Why are you here? This question talks about you, so you is the subject. ii) Are you an Indian? This question talks about 'you', so 'you' is the subject of the sentence. c) Please come in. The subject of the sentence is you, because please come in = You please come in. d) How beautiful the Taj is!

This sentence talks about the Taj, so, Taj is the subject of the sentence.

In English, the verb is an important part of a sentence. In any English sentence next to the subject, the verb is important.

VOCABULARY He is quite decent and has a good name in the society.

2. Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.

3. Skiing is a recreational activity and competitive winter sport in which the participant uses skis to glide on snow.

A: 1) ¶«Lé¬ é¬Jtéπ ´u´-Ææn†’ Åçûªç îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ ¶«L★ Objectivism = Forming an opinion about

something without the effect of our personal feelings. If your enemy is a good person, you say that he is good, though he is your enemy. This is objectivism. (-Ö-†o-C -Ö-†o-ô’x -

îÁ°æp-úøç, -´’-† -´’-ØÓ-¶μ«-¢√-©-ûÓ Ææç-•ç-üμ¿ç -™‰èπ◊ç-ú≈).

Keep reading, and in course of time, you will understand. Don't get discouraged.

M. Kambaiah, Turkapalli Q: Sir, please translate the following quotations into Telugu?

1. Give girls a chance end child labour.

éπ-©èπ◊ äéπ Å´-鬨¡ç É´yçúÕ. ´÷Í®aç-ü¿’èπ◊ Nü¿u ÅØËC Åûªuçûª ¨¡éÀh´’ç-ûª-¢Á’i† Çߪ·üμ¿ç.

3) Æ‘\®·çí˚ ÅØËC NØÓ-üΔ-ûªtéπ Ωu, Qû√-é¬-©°æ¤ véÃúø, DE™ §ƒ™Ô_-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’ç O’ü¿ ñ«Í®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æ‘\©†’ (îªvé¬-©’çúË îÁéπ\ °‘ô) ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.

2) v°æ°æç-î √Eo

Q: i) Do or die raid ii) Item song - Please say in Telugu.

A: i) î√¢Ó, Í®¢Ó ûË©’a-èπ◊ØË üΔúÕ ii) ÉC ÆæÈ®j† Ççí∫x Ææ´÷Ææç é¬ü¿’. ´’† ûÁ©’í∫’ ÆœE´÷™x, äé𠧃ôèπ◊ Ø√ôuç îËߪ’-ú≈Eo item song

Åçö«®Ω’.

What is a verb..?

What is a verb? Other than the subject, a word or words which are very important for the sentence, and without which there is no sentence are the verb. (Subject ûª®√yûª à ´÷ô/ ´÷ô©’ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ ´·êu¢Á÷ üΔEo/-¢√-öÀ-E verb Åçö«®Ω’.) Now look at the following sentence: a) Ramana comes here every day. Ramana, of course, is the subject of the sentence, because the sentence talks about 'he'. What is important to the sentence after the subject? It is, 'comes', because, without 'comes', the group of words, 'He here' has no meaning. So, 'comes' is the verb. Important: A verb may have just one word / more than one word. b) Where has Udaya gone? 'Udaya' is the subject of the sentence because the sentence talks about 'Udaya'. What then is the verb of this sentence? Take away has - the group of words, 'Where Udaya gone?' is not a sentence, because it has no meaning. Suppose we take away the word, 'gone', then we have the group of words: Where has udaya? - this again is not a sentence because this group of words has no meaning. So, both has and gone are important for the sentence. So the verb here is, 'has gone'.

This shows a verb may have just one word,

'-≤ÚpÈé-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ— §ƒ-ûª Ææç-*éπ-© éÓÆæç -îª÷-úøç-úÕ.. www.eenadupratibha.net

or more than one word. Åçõ‰ verb äéπ ´÷ôíÅ®·Ø√ ÖçúÌa, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ´÷ô-©’íÅ®·Ø√ ÖçúÌa).

Point out the subject and the verb in the following sentences: 1) The book is very interesting 2) We have seen all these movies 3) Sunil made a mistake yesterday 4) Is he coming now?

5) Where have all of you going?

6) Rahim does not know that we are here.

7) When did she arrive?

8) How many books has he read?

9) Did you find the book interesting?

10) Where has Ramu gone?

ANSWERS Sentence 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Subject

Verb

The book Is We Have seen Sunil Made He Is coming All of you Have gone Rahim Does know She Did arrive Books Has read The book Did find Ramu Has gone (To be continued in the next lesson)

1. Decent = Acceptable standards of behaviour / respectable /suitable / good.

Eg: He is quite decent and has a good name in the society. (´’ç* v°æ´-®Ωh† Ö†o/ £æ›çüΔíÖçúË) ✪ Decent X mean (Fîª-¢Á’i†) / corrupt (ÅN-F-A-éπ-®Ω¢Á’i†).

Eg: In spite of his wealth, he is mean. He does not mind being corrupt. (Åçûª Ææç°æü¿ ÖØ√o Åûªúø’ î√™« Fúø’. ÅN-F-A-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖØ√o °æöÀdç--éÓúø’.)

2. Stable = i) (of an object) firmly fixed (éπü¿©E, Üí∫E/ E©-éπ-úøí¬ Ö†o) ii) (of a patient's health condition) not worsening / not changing (steady - Ç®Óí∫u °æJ-ÆœnA E¨¡a©çí¬/ Cí∫-ñ«-®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†o). iii) Not easily changing (ûªy®Ωí¬ ´÷®ΩE) a) The structure is quite stable (Ç éπôdúøç î√™« E¨¡a-©çí¬ ÖçC). Stable X shaky (Üí∫’ûª’†o) , b) The condition of the patient is stable, the doctor says. ✪ Stable X Worsen /deteriorate. The patient's condition is worsening. (becoming worse) 3. Morale (pronounced moral) = Confidence (Çûªt-N-¨»yÆæç).

Eg: The team is playing well as their morale is very high. ✪ Morale X Weakness. (•©-£‘«-†ûª) Eg: The team has all weaknesses.

4. Mean = 1) Have a meaning (Å®Ωnç éπLT Öçúøôç). Eg: What do your words mean?

2) Average (Ææí∫ô’).

Eg: What is the mean of 3, 4 and 5?

3) Base / low (Fîª-¢Á’i†). Eg: In spite of his wealth, he is very mean ✪ Mean X noble (íÌ-°æp -´’-†Ææ’-†o).

Eg: Though he does not have enough wealth, he is noble.

5. Impact = Effect (v°æ¶μ«´ç).

Eg: His actions had a lot of impact on his followers (ÅûªúÕ îª®Ωu©’ ÅûªúÕ Å†’-îª-®Ω’©

O’ü¿ î√™« v°æ¶μ«´ç îª÷°œç-î√®·.) v°æ¶μ«´ç ™‰E).

✪ Impact X Ineffective (

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Mathematics - Paper II(A) ★ Like in first year mathematics, in second year mathematics also, there exist Paper-A and Paper-B, each paper carrying a maximum of 75 marks. While Algebra, Statistics and Probability units are included in Paper-IIA, Paper-IIB has Coordinate Geometry and Calculus units. ★ Before we discuss the study plan, let us have a look at the contents of the syllabus in Paper-A. As mentioned above, Algebra unit consists of chapters like Complex numbers, De Moivre's Theorem, Quadratic Expressions, Theory of Equations, Permutations and Combinations, Binomial Theorem and Partial Fractions.

The second unit is 'Statistics'. It has only one chapter by name 'Measures of Dispersion'.

The third unit 'Probability' speaks about the chapters in the form of 'Probability' and 'Random Variables and Probability Distributions'. ★ Now, Let us begin the analysis of the above units chapter-wise.

Complex Numbers This is not at all a complex chapter, provided the concept is thoroughly understood. This chapter involves definitions, geometrical representations, properties, polar forms and Argand plane. The study of all these are very important with regard to examinations not only at intermediate level but also as competitive level.

Application oriented problems are expected in IIT-JEE examination. Hence students are advised to be thorough with these fundamental items.

De Moivre's Theorem This theorem is proved by using the principle of mathematical induction which was studied in paper-IA, last year. A complex number in polar form is used in the statement and proof of this theorem. With the help of this theorem, all the nth roots of a complex numbers (z ≠ 0) are obtained. As a particular case, all the nth roots of unity are determined and their geometrical representations are obtained. The two exercises 2(a) and 2(b) in the text book are to be perfectly practised for a good score.

Having satisfactorily performed in paper-IA and Paper-IB examinations, students must be by now looking forward to do the same in paper-IIA and Paper-IIB also. For this, a study plan and a perfect approach to examinations are needed.

Plan well for a good career..

Writer: C. Sadasiva Sastry Subject Expert

cial feature in this chapter. Learning about transformation of equations will be of good help with regard to solving equations at the higher levels of study. As a matter of reference, students are advised to look into the solved problems and exercises 4(b) and 4(d) of the Academi Text Book. Perfection about solving equations will be advantageous when you proceed to learn more about algebraic equations at any level in future.

Permutations and Combinations This chapter is mainly based on the principle of counting. It deals with problems relating to puzzles that we come across in our daily life.

The concept of permutations and combinations helps us to know about the concept of 'Probability'. Theorems and results play an important role in knowing about the applications in day to day life. Many examples can be cited with regard to the applications of permutations and combinations. Selecting a cricket team of eleven players from out of twenty members comes under combinations. Arranging a given number of boys and girls in a queue comes under permutations. ★ There is another type of permutations called circular permutations, which are arranged circularly. Making a garland with same or different coloured flowers is an example for this type of permutations. Similarly, delegates occupying seats in a round table conference

Quadratic Expressions In this chapter, we mainly deal with quadratic expressions and equations in one variable. Learning about signs of quadratic expressions, changes in signs and extremum values is an important phenomenon of this chapter. Also, we deal with quadratic inequations, which play a good role in higher levels of study of algebra.

Knowing about intervals is especially an important feature in future also. Theorems and graphical methods need attention in the examination point of view. Students can rely on this chapter for a reasonable score in the final examination.

Theory of Equations The study of this chapter is an extension to the study of previous chapter quadratic equations. While we studied about the second order equations in the previous chapter, we will study about the equations of order three and above in this chapter. These equations are solved when two or more of its roots are connected by certain relations. Solving reciprocal equations is a spe-

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is related to circular permutations. Students are expected to solve all the problems of all the exercises in this chapter for gaining perfection. In competitive examinations, this chapter carries a reasonable number of standard questions.

Binomial theorem Like so many theorems in algebra, 'Binomial Theorem' is also proved by using the principle of mathematical induction. The statements of binomial theorem for positive integral index, negative integral index and for rational index carry with them a number of applications.

The general terms in these expansions are to be remembered for finding any required term.

Finding the numerically greatest term in the expansion for positive integral index is a significant item in this chapter. Questions are expected on this item in the examinations. The properties of binomial coefficients are very much important and they carry a wide range of applications. Students are advised to regularly practise the solved problems along with the exercise 6(a) problems of the Telugu Academy text book.

Excise 6(b) also has important problems, which are based on the expansions for negative integral index and rational index. Problems on finding the approximations using binomial theorem is well covered in exercise 6(c). Students are advised to attempt them thoroughly and completely. Over all, this is a marks scoring chapter for students and hence much attention is necessary.

Partial Fractions and (viii) Measures of Dispersion are easy chapters. 'Less effort- More

marks' best suits these two chapters. It is more than sufficient if the students are thorough with the methods involved in them.

Probability As mentioned earlier, the concept of probability is based on the concept of permutations and combinations. It deals with the phenomenon of chance or randomness. This chapter is mainly studied in the form of postulates, results, theorems and illustrations. The theory of probability is purely the science of logic, quantitatively treated. For a good score, students have to read this chapter in a proper manner.

Challenging problems related to Bayee's theorem may be expected in competitive examinations. All the exercise problems must be paid attention. Perfection in permutations and combinations leads to perfection in probability.

Random variable and probability Distributions Majority of the problems in science as well as daily life are related to a numerical value connected with the outcome of an experiment.

As an example we can take the case of finding the probability of 5 coins showing up 3 heads when at a time tossed. Concept of random variable helps to study this type of problems.

Students will have to remember the formulae for finding the mean and variance of a random variable. Problems of probability distributions are discussed by using binomial theorem and binomial coefficients. In marks point of view, students will feel this to be an easy chapter. Hence, students must solve the problems of all exercises for a grip over the chapter. ★ Thus, Paper-A has many important chapters and students are required to concentrate on all of them for performing reasonably well in the examinations.

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