Education_25-10-2018 by Mahesh Yadav

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ÚÛªû¶ ÏÙæôÂ Në¯u-ô¢ª–õª ô¦óŸ«-Lqì í£K¤Û.. ÍÙè[ôÂ vÞ¥è[ªu-ó¶ª-æËÀ Ú¥÷ª-ûËÂ ÓÙvæ-ûËÂq ÓÞ¥bîÂª íÆ£ôÂ è…âËμj-ûÂ sóŸ´úˆèÂz. DEo ÕÕæ©n-ò°ÙòË¶ Eô¢y-ï‡°-þ¼hÙC.- ÚÛÙí£²u-æôÂ ÎëÅ¯-JêŸ í£K¤Û ë¯yô¦ ÍòÅ¡u-ô¢ª–öËìª ÓÙí‡-ÚÛ-à¶ú‡ ò°u#-öËôÂ ÎíÆÃ è…âËμj-ûËÂ sG.-è…âËÀz ÚÁô¢ªqöËº ví£îË¶øŒÙ ÚÛLp-þ§hô¢ª.2018öËº ÏÙæôÂ í£²Jh-à¶-ú£ª-ÚÛªìo-î¦ô¢ª, ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ ÏÙæôÂ CyBóŸª ú£Ù÷-êŸqô¢Ù ÚÁô¢ªqõª àŸë]ª-÷±-êŸªìo Në¯u-ô¢ª–õª ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªh à¶ú£ª-ÚÁ-÷àŸªa.- Ô vÞœ«í£± Në¯u-ô¢ª–-öËμjû¦ Íô¢ª|öË¶.- sÕÕæ©nÞœªî¦-ï£°-æ¨öËº ví£îË¶-ø‹-EÚ¨ ÏÙæôÂ ÓÙíˆúˆ êŸí£p-E-ú£J.- NªT-Lì ú£Ùú£–öËºx úˆæxÚÛª ÏÙæôÂ/- Ö¸Ú-ù£ìöËÀ/- è…ð»x÷« Në¯u-ô¢ª–õª ð¼æ© í£è[-÷àŸªaz.- ÍÚÁd-ñô¢ª 1, 1994 êŸô¦yêŸ áEtÙ-#-ì-î¦¸ô Íô¢ª|õª.-

ví£øŒo-í£vêŸÙ ÏÙTxùÃ ÷«ëÅ]u-÷ªÙ-öËº ÑÙåªÙC.îμ³êŸhÙ 85 ví£øŒoõª ÷þ§hô³.- 300 ÷«ô¢ª\õª.šú-ÚÛ{ûÂ Ó sì«u÷ª-J-ÚÛöËÀ ÎìqôÂ çËμjíÃz:20 ví£øŒoõªÙæ°ô³.- 80 ÷«ô¢ª\õª.- ví£øŒo-öËÚÛª áî¦-ñªìª û¶ô¢ªÞ¥ Ý°Sšíj í£²JÙ-à¦L.Îí£{ìªxÙè[÷±.- Ú©òËºô¢ª“ Ñí£-óμ«-TÙ# ú£÷ª-ú£uìª þ§CÅÙ-àŸª-ÚÁ-÷àŸªa.- ú£·ôjì ú£÷«ëÅ¯û¦EÚ¨ 4 ÷«ô¢ª\õª.- ô¢ªé°êŸtÚÛ ÷«ô¢ª\õª öË¶÷±.šú-ÚÛ{ûÂ G s÷ªLd-í£±öËÀ šúöËÚÂd çËμjíÃz:- ÷Ùë] ÷«ô¢ª\õª, 25 ví£øŒoõª.ví£A ví£øŒoÚÛª 4 Îí£{ìªxÙæ°ô³.- ÖÚÛæ¨ öË¶ë¯ ÍÙêŸ-ÚÛÙçË¶ ÓÚÛª\÷ ú£·ôjì áî¦-ñªõª ÑÙè[÷àŸªa.- ú£·ôjì Îí£{ìªx ÞœªJh›úh 4 ÷«ô¢ª\õª ÷þ§hô³.- Î ví£øŒoÚÛªìo ú£·ôjì ú£÷«-ëÅ¯-û¦-öËFo ÞœªJh-›úhû¶ ÷«ô¢ª\õª.- ú£·ôjì ú£÷«-ëÅ¯-û¦öËºx ÖÚÛæ¨ Nè…-#-ší-æ¨dû¦, ú£·ôjì ú£÷«-ëÅ¯-û¦-öË-êÁð§åª ÖÚÛ ú£J-Ú¥EC ÞœªJhÙ-#û¦ ÷«ô¢ª\õªÙè[÷±.- ÞœªJhÙ-#ì Îí£{-ìxöËº Ú•Eo ú£·ôj-ìN Ñìo-í£p-æ¨Ú© ð§¤¨ÚÛ ÷«ô¢ª\õª ¸Úæ°ô³ÙàŸô¢ª. ô¢ªé°-êŸtÚÛ ÷«ô¢ª\õª öË¶÷±.šú-ÚÛ{ûÂ ú‡ s÷ªLd-í£±öËÀ àÅ¦ô³úÃ çËμjíÃz:- 120 ÷«ô¢ª\õª, 40 ví£øŒoõª.- ví£A ví£øŒoÚÛ« 4

êŸ”í‡hÚÛô¢ÙÞ¥ ÑÙèË¶.. PHRASAL VERBS level of your satisfaction. In spite of my best attempts, I have not been able to do well. I have been unable to make out what I should do sû¶ì« #ÙA-ú£ªh-û¦oìª.- û¦

øŒÚ¨h-î¶ª-ô¢ÚÛª ví£óŸªêŸoÙ à¶ø‹ìª.- Ú¥F ë¯EE ú£JÞ¥_ à¶óŸª-öË¶-ÚÛ-ð¼-óŸ«ìª.- û¦¸Ú êμõªú£ª OªÚÛÙêŸ ú£ÙêŸ”-í‡h-ÚÛô¢ÙÞ¥ û¦ í£E öË¶ë]E.- û¦ øŒÚ¨h î¶ªô¢ÚÛª ví£óŸª-AoÙ#û¦ ú£JÞ¥ à¶óŸª-öË¶-ÚÛ-ð¼-óŸ«ìª.- û¶û¶Ù à¶óŸ«öËº û¦ÚÛª Íô¢–Ù Ú¥÷è[Ù öË¶ë]ªz.Bhima Rao: I know you tried your best, but it is not up to the level of satisfaction. It is below the standard sû¦ÚÛª

êμõªú£ª, Oª øŒÚ¨h-î¶ª-ô¢ÚÛª ÚÛ”ù‡ à¶ø‹-ô¢E.- Íô³û¦ ÍC ÍÙêŸ ú£ÙêŸ”-í‡h-ÚÛ-ô¢ÙÞ¥ öË¶ë]ª.- ÏC ÷ªì ví£÷«-é°õÚÛª êŸÞœ_ þ§–ô³öËº öË¶ë]ªz.Surendra: In spite of my best efforts, things have fallen apart. I could not come up with any fresh idea sû¦ øŒÚ¨h î¶ªô¢ÚÛª ví£óŸª-

AoÙ-#-ì-í£p-æ¨Ú© ÍC ÷³ÚÛ\õª ÷³ÚÛ\-öËμjÙC.- û¦ÚÛª Ú•êŸh ÎöËº-àŸ-ìõª ô¦÷è[Ù öË¶ë]ªz.-

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Make the grade

Bhima Rao: You could have consulted me. I could have shown you the way to do it in the best possible manner. Anyway, past is past. At least from now on when you try to do something, please consult me. I can show you the way

sOªô¢ª ììªo ú£Ùví£-CÙ# ÑÙè¯-LqÙC.Íí£±pè[ª û¶ìª ÏÙÚÁ-N-ëÅ]ÙÞ¥ Óö° ví£óŸª-AoÙ-àŸ-÷àÁa àμí‡p ÑÙèË¶-î¦-è…E.Ôë¶-îμªiû¦ Ïí£±pè[ª ÞœêŸÙ êŸ÷±y-ÚÁ-÷è[Ù ÷”ëÇ¯.- Ïí£p-æ¨-·Újû¦ Ôëμjû¦ ví£óŸª-AoÙ-à¶å-í£±è[ª ììªo ú£Ùví£-CÙ-àŸÙè….- û¶ìª OªÚÛª ë¯J àŸ«í£-Þœ-õìªz.Surendra: I will, certainly. I will take your guidance from the next time onwards. I will not let things fall apart from the next time onwards sêŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯

Íö°¸Þ à¶þ§hìª.- Ðþ§J Oª ÷«ô¢_-ë]-ô¢)-ÚÛêŸyÙ Bú£ªÚÛªÙ-æ°ìª.- ÷à¶a-þ§J ìªÙ# ÷ú£ªh-÷±õª ÷³ÚÛ\õª ÷³ÚÛ\õª Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯ à¶þ§hìªz.-

-N-ë¶-ø‹-öËºxì« Í÷-Ú¥-øŒÙ EíÆÃd Në¯u-ô¢ª–õª Ú¥î¦-öË-ìªÚÛªÙçË¶ Íîμª-J-Ú¥-öËºì« àŸë]ª-÷±ÚÁ-÷àŸªa.- DE-ÚÁú£Ù ì«uóŸ«ôÂ\-öËºE ðÆ§uù£-ûËÂ Ïû-ËÂ-ú‡d-å«u-æËÀ ÎíÆÃ çËμÚ¥o-öË@ síÆ‡æËÀzêÁ EíÆÃd Öí£pÙë]Ù ÚÛªë]ª-ô¢ªa-ÚÛªÙC.Në¯u-ô¢ª–õª EíÆÃdöËº ·ôÙèË¶üŒ‰x àŸC-Nì êŸô¦yêŸ íÆ‡æË-ÀöËº Ôè¯C ð§åª Në]u-ì-òÅ¡u-ú‡Ùà¦L.- ÍìÙ-êŸô¢Ù EíÆÃdöËº àŸë]ª÷±-ÚÁ-î¦L.- ÚÁô¢ªq í£²ô¢h-ô³ì îËμÙæû¶ EíÆÃd, íÆ‡æËÀ ·ôÙè[ª ú£Ùú£–õ« è…vUE ví£ë¯ìÙ à¶þ§hô³.- ÍÙçË¶ ÔÚÛ Ú¥öËÙöËº è[«uóŸªöËÀ è…vUE ÍÙë]ª-ÚÁ-÷-àŸaìo-÷«æ.ë]-ô¢-Ý°ú£ªh NëÅ¯ìÙ:- Îû-ËÂ-öËμj-ûËÂ ë¯yô¦.- ÓÙ-í‡ÚÛ NëÅ¯ìÙ:ví£îË¶øŒí£K¤Û ë¯yô¦.- Î-û-ËÂöËμj-ûËÂ ë]ô¢-Ý°-ú£ªhÚÛª #÷-J-ê¶C:- 28.12.-2018.- ô¢«.-5000 ÎöËú£u ô¢ªú£ª-÷³êÁ 03.-01.-2019 ÷ô¢ÚÛª àμLxÙ-àŸ-÷àŸªa.- ví£-îË¶øŒ í£K¤Û ê¶D:- 20.-01.-2019- -êμ-õªÞœª ô¦ÿZ§öËºx í£K¤Û ¸ÚÙvë¯õª:šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ëÂ, Nø‹-Ü-í£-æoÙ.-

-íˆ@, íˆšï°àÂ-è†-öËÚÛª úˆèÂ è…-âËμj-ûËÁx óŸ´@ ÚÁô¢ªqõª àŸë]ª-÷±êŸªìo Në¯u-ô¢ª–õª íˆ@öËº ví£îË¶-ø‹-EÚ¨ úˆèÂ ë¯yô¦ Í÷-Ú¥øŒÙ ÚÛõª-Þœª-êŸªÙC.Ð í£K¤Û ë¯yô¦ íˆ@ Në¯u-ô¢ª–õª íˆšï°àÂè† ÚÁô¢ªqöËº à¶ô¢-÷àŸªa.- ÕÕÓúˆq òËμÙÞœ-üŒŠô¢ª, ÕÕæ©n-ò°ÙòË¶, CMx, Þœªî¦-ï£°æ¨, šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ëÂ, Ú¥ì«pôÂ, ÕÕ-æ©-è†ÓÙ áñ-õ«pôÂöËº è…âËμj-ûËÂÚÛª ú£ÙñÙ-CÅÙ# íˆ@, íˆšï°àÂè† ÚÁô¢ªqöËºx ví£îË¶øŒÙ öËGÅ-ú£ªhÙC.-

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Now look at the following sentences from the conversation: 1. It does not, I am afraid, make the grade. Make the grade = Satisfactory sêŸ”í‡h-ÚÛ-ô¢ÙÞ¥ ÑÙè[åÙz.Vishnu: I am sorry to say this, but his work is not up to the level sû¶ìª ÏC àμí£p-è¯-EÚ¨ #ÙA-ú£ªh-û¦oìª.- Ú¥F,

ÍêŸE í£E ÍÙêŸ ú£ÙêŸ”-í‡h-ÚÛ-ô¢ÙÞ¥ öË¶ë]ªz.Jayanth: So do I feel too. His work does not seem to make the grade. He still has to learn how to do things better sû¦ÚÛª ÚÛ«è¯ Íë¶ ÍE-í‡-þ¼hÙC.- ÍêŸE í£E ÍÙêŸ

ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy ÑëÁuÞ¥õª

ûÁ æ© úÃ òËº ô¢ª“

ÎåÞ¥.. Îú£Ú¨hÞ¥.. ï£„HÞ¥ @NêŸÙ þ§Tê¶ Óö° ÑÙåªÙC? Îï£„.. ÍÙêŸÚÛÙçË¶ ÎìÙë]Ù Ô÷³ÙåªÙC? Eáî¶ª! ú£JÞ¥_ Íö°Ùæ¨ë¶ è…âËμjEÙÞÂ. î¦ú£hî¦EÚ¨ ÑëÁuÞœî¶ª Íô³û¦ ÷ªì ï£„HÚ¨ Ú•ìþ§TÙí£±Þ¥ ÚÛEí‡ú£ªhÙC. ÖÚÛ è…âËμjìôÂ öË¶ë¯ ÖÚÛ ÎJdú£ªd êŸì â°òËÀöËº Óö° ÑÙæ°èÁ... Òï‡°›úh ÖÚÛ ÍÙë]îμªiì #vêŸî¶ª ÚÛüŒx Óë]ªå Eõªú£ªhÙC. ÍC ¸Ú÷õÙ ÑëÁuÞœÙö° ÍEí‡ÙàŸë]ª. ÍÙë]ª¸Ú è…âËμjEÙÞÂ ÖÚÛ è…âËμjô¢ñªöËÀ ·ÚJóŸªôÂÞ¥ Óë]ªÞœªêÁÙC. ú£”áû¦êŸtÚÛêŸ Ñìoî¦üŒ‰x ÏÙë]ªöËºÚ¨ ví£î ¶PÙàŸ÷àŸªa. ví£ú£ªhêŸÙ EíÆÃd, óŸ´úˆèÂ, úˆèÂ ví£ÚÛåìõª î μõª÷è¯“ô³. Ð ÚÁô¢ªqöËºx à¶Jê¶ ÍòÅ¡uô¢ª–õª êŸ÷ª ï£„Hõìª ÑëÁuÞ¥õªÞ¥ ÷«ô¢ªaÚÁ÷àŸªa.

ú£ÙêŸ”-í‡h-ÚÛ-ô¢ÙÞ¥ öË¶ë]ª.- Óö° îμªô¢ªÞ¥_ à¶óŸ«öËº ÍêŸìª ÏÙÚ¥ û¶ô¢ªaÚÁ-î¦Lz.FF 2. In spite of my best efforts, things have fallen apart. To fall apart = Break into pieces s÷³ÚÛ\õª, ÷³ÚÛ\õª

Íô³-ð¼-÷è[Ùz.Bhima Rao: make it snappy at least now. There is not much time left. I will tell you how to do it sÏí£p-æ¨-ìªÙ-àμjû¦ êŸyô¢Þ¥

Íó¶ªuö° àŸ«è[Ùè….- ÷ªìÚÛª ÍÙêŸÞ¥ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ öË¶ë]ª.- ÍC Óö° à¶óŸ«öËº û¶ìª OªÚÛª àμð§hìªz.Surendra: certainly, I will follow you

sêŸí£p-ÚÛªÙè¯, Oªô¢ª àμí‡p-ìçË¶d à¶þ§hìªz.-

Hanuman: He is very clumsy. He cannot do anything properly sÍêŸìª à¦ö° ÞœÙë]-ô¢-ÞÁüŒÙ à¶þ§hè[ª.- ë¶Fo ú£JÞ¥

à¶óŸª-öË¶è[ªz.Subbarao: You mean, Krishna. He is always like that. I will not let things fall apart from the next time onwards sìª÷±y àμ›ípC ÚÛ”ù£g ÞœªJÙà¦? ÍêŸ-ûμ-í£±pè[« ÍÙê¶.-

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KG-Ø¨˛-i-Ô‹ –ö˛$ÖVÊ¸-‚Ê˝îΔÊˇ$ Ú≥{sZ M¸—$-MÊ¸Ãå˝fi RÍ‰À$ Õ—$-sÒ˝yä˛ & {V>yÊ˛$≈-ƒÙ˝$så˝ á sÒ˝MÓ¸≤-ÌŸ-ƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛ A{Ú≥Ö-sÓ˝ã-‹À øÊ˝»¢MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®. ❖ RÍ‰À —–ö˛-Δ>À$: {V>yÊ˛$≈-ƒÙ˝$så˝ A{Ú≥Ö-sÓ˝ã-‹-À$(-M¸-—$-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 2, GÀ-MÏ¸â-MÊ¸Ãå˝ á GÀ-M>â-∞Mä¸fi 3, GÀ-M>â-∞Mä¸fi AÖyä˛ MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈-∞-MÛ¸-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ 1, –˛$M>∞-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 1), sÒ˝MÓ¸≤-ÌŸ-ƒÊ˝$-Ø¨˛ A{Ú≥Ö-sÓ˝ã-‹-À$(-M¸-—$-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 2, GÀ-MÏ¸âMÊ¸Ãå˝ á GÀ-M>â-∞Mä¸fi 2, GÀ-M>â-∞Mä¸fi AÖyä˛ CØ¨˛-Á‹$â-–˛$Ö-sÙ˝-ÁŸØ¨˛ 1) ❖ AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: {V>yÊ˛$≈-ƒÙ˝$så˝ A{Ú≥Ö-sÓ˝ã-‹-ÀMÊ¸$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ CÖf±-«ÖVä¸ —øÍ-VÊ¸ÖÃZ ºD/ ΩsÒ˝Mä¸ E°¢-ΔÊˇ$~ÃÒ˝O EÖyëÕ. sÒ˝MÓ¸≤-ÌŸ-ƒÊ˝$-Ø¨˛ A{Ú≥Ö-sÓ˝ã-‹-ÀMÊ¸$ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ —øÍ-VÊ¸ÖÃZ yÏ˛¥˜œ–ö˛* Á≥N«¢-^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ. ❖ A{Ú≥Ö-sÓ˝ã‹ –ö˛≈–ö˛´®: Hyë® ❖ Á‹tΔˇ$$-Ú≥Öyä˛: {V>yÊ˛$≈-ƒÙ˝$så˝ A{Ú≥Ö-sÓ˝ã-‹-ÀMÊ¸$ Ø˛ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.4,984 sÒ˝MÓ¸≤-ÌŸ-ƒÊ˝$-Ø¨˛ A{Ú≥Ö-sÓ˝ã-‹-ÀMÊ¸$ Ø˛ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.3,542 ❖ GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: AMÊ¸-yÊ˛-—$Mä¸ –˛$«så˝ B´ßë-ΔÊˇÖV> ❖ BØ¨˛-ÃÒ˝O-Ø¨˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: ØË˛–ö˛Ö-∫ΔÊˇ$ 24 ❖ –˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝: www.ompl.co.in

Á≥–ö˛Δäˇ {Wyä˛ M>Δˆµ-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ Bãú CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* RÍ‰À$ Õ—$-sÒ˝yä˛ AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖ-så˝- CÖ-f-±ΔÊˇœ øÊ˝»¢MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$-ô¯Ö®. ❖ Eß¯≈-V>À$: AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖså˝ CÖf-±-ΔÊˇ$œ (-ı‹Ôút) 12, AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖså˝ BÔú-Á‹Δäˇ (AM˙Öså˝fi) 2, Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ CÖf-±Δäˇ (GÀ-MÏ¸â-MÊ¸Ãå˝) 1, yÏ˛Á≥N≈sÓ˝ –Û˛$ØÛ˛-fΔäˇ (GÀ-MÏ¸â-MÊ¸Ãå˝) 1 ❖ AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: Eß¯≈-V>∞≤ AØË˛$-Á‹-«Ö_ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ —øÍ-VÊ¸ÖÃZ ºD/ ΩsÒ˝Mä¸/ Ô‹H/ IÔ‹-yÊ˛-∫$œ≈H/ GÖsÒ˝Mä¸/ Ô≥Úfl˝-^¨˛-yÓ˛ Á≥N«¢-^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ ❖ –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: 30 ØË˛$Ö_ 42 H‚Ê˝œ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ EÖyëÕ. ❖ GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: Á≥ΔÊˇfi-ØË˛Ãå˝ CÖrΔÊˇ*”≈ ßë”Δ> ❖ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍÁ‹$¢ Ôúk: ΔÊˇ*.500 ❖ BØ¨˛-ÃÒ˝O-Ø¨˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: ØË˛–ö˛Ö-∫ΔÊˇ$ 30 ❖ –˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝: www.powergridindia.com

V¸Δˇ$$Ãå˝ÃZ Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ [y˛O–í˛ V¸Δˇ$$Ãå˝ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* Õ—$-sÒ˝yä˛ GÔ‹fi, RÍ‰À$ GÔ‹t, KΩÔ‹, ®–È≈Ö-VÊ¸$À M¯Á‹Ö Ú‹µÁŸÃå˝ «{MÊ¸*-så˝-–˛$Öså˝ [y˛O–í˛ØË˛$ ∞ΔÊˇ”Ìfl˝-›˘¢Ö®. ❖ ØÈØ¨˛ GWj-MÊ¸*≈-sÏ˝–í˛ ¥˘Á‹$tÀ RÍ‰À$: 55 ❖ GÔ‹fi, GÔ‹t, KΩÔ‹ AøÊ˝≈-ΔÊˇ$¶ÀMÊ¸$ MÛ¸sÍ-Δˇ$$Ö-_ØË˛ RÍ‰À$: 44 ❖ —øÍ-V>-À-–È» RÍ‰À$: ∏˘Δäˇ-–ö˛$-Ø¨˛ (M¸—$-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 5, Ì‹—Ãå˝ 1, GÀ-MÏ¸â-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 3, CØ¨˛Á‹$â-–˛$Ö-sÙ˝-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ 9, –˛$M>-∞MÊ¸Ãå˝ 2), l∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ Á‹*Á≥-«ÖsÒ˝Ö-y˛Öså˝ 1, AM˙Öså˝fi AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖså˝ 1, AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖ-så˝(-Úfl˝-^¨˛-B-Δäˇ 4, ›˘tΔäˇfi AÖyä˛ Á≥ΔÛˇagå˝ 4), –ö˛*ΔˇP-sÏ˝ÖVä¸ AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖså˝ 1, M¸—$-MÊ¸Ãå˝

gÍªå˝ M>ΔÊˇ≤Δäˇ

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BÁ≥-ΔÛˇ-rΔäˇ 6, sÒ˝MÏ¸≤-MÊ¸Ãå˝ AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖså˝ (ÃÍ≈ªü-ΔÛˇ-r»)3, sÒ˝MÓ¸≤-ÌŸ-ƒÊ˝$-Ø¨˛ (GÀ-MÏ¸â-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 2, CØ¨˛-Á‹$â-–˛$Ö-sÙ˝-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ 1, –˛$M>-∞-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 1) ®–È≈Ö-VÊ¸$-ÀMÊ¸$ MÛ¸sÍ-Δˇ$$Ö-_ØË˛ RÍ‰À$: 11 —øÍ-V>-À-–È» RÍ‰À$: Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ Á‹*Á≥-«Ö-sÒ˝Ö-y˛Öså˝ (Ìfl˝Ö© 1, Úfl˝^¨˛-B-Δäˇ 1), Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ AM˙Ö-sÒ˝Öså˝ 2, Ô‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ M¸—$ã‹t 1, ∏˘Δäˇ-–ö˛$-Ø¨˛ (-G-À-MÏ¸â-MÊ¸-Ãå˝ 1, CØ¨˛-Á‹$â-–˛$Ö-sÙ˝ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ 1, –˛$M>-∞-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 2), l∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ Á‹*Á≥-«Ö-sÒ˝Ö-y˛Öså˝ 1, –ö˛*ΔˇP-sÏ˝ÖVä¸ AÌ‹-Ú‹tÖså˝ 1 ❖ AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: Eß¯≈-V>-∞MÏ¸ ∞ΔÛˇ™-’Ö-_ØË˛ ∞∫Ö-´ßÊ˛-ØË˛À {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ IsÓ˝I/ yÏ˛¥˜œ–ö˛*/ yÏ˛{X / Ô≥i/ Ô‹H/ IÔ‹-yÊ˛-∫$œ≈H Á≥N«¢-^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ. ❖ –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍÁ‹$¢ ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ 18 ØË˛$Ö_ 35 H‚Ê˝œ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ EÖyëÕ ❖ GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: ∞∫Ö-´ßÊ˛-ØË˛À {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ Δ>ôË˛ Á≥»ÑÊ¸, MÊ¸ÖÁ≥N≈-rΔäˇ {¥˜Ìú-ÌŸ-ƒÒ˝$±fi sÒ˝ã‹t, {sÙ˝yä˛ sÒ˝ã‹t, Ì‹PÃå˝ sÒ˝ã‹t, {sÍØ¨˛fi-ÃÙ˝-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ sÒ˝ã‹t ßë”Δ> ❖ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍÁ‹$¢ Ôúk: KΩ-Ô‹-ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.50(—$-W-ÕØË˛ AøÊ˝≈-ΔÊˇ$¶-ÀÖ-ßÊ˛-«MÓ¸ Ôúk —$ØË˛-‡-Δˇ$$ÖÁ≥# –ö˛«¢-Á‹$¢Ö®) GWj-MÊ¸*≈-sÏ˝–í˛ ¥˘Á‹$tÀ RÍ‰À$: 38 GÔ‹fi, GÔ‹t, KΩ-Ô‹-ÀMÊ¸$ MÛ¸sÍ-Δˇ$$Ö-_ØË˛ RÍ‰À$: `ãú

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–Û˛$ØÛ˛-fΔäˇ (Úfl˝^¨˛-B-Δäˇ 2, ÃÍ 1), –Û˛$ØÛ˛-fΔäˇ (ÃÍ 1, Gãúá Gã‹ 2, –˛$yÏ˛-MÊ¸Ãå˝ Á‹»”-Ú‹ã‹ 1), Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ CÖf-±Δäˇ (ªÍΔˇ$$-ÀΔäˇ BÁ≥-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛fi ) 2, Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ BÔú-Á‹Δäˇ (Gãúá H 1, Gãúá Gã‹ 1, Úfl˝^¨˛-B-Δäˇ 1, ÃÍ 1, –ö˛*ΔˇP-sÏ˝ÖVä¸ 4, BÔú-Á‹-Δäˇ (-ÃÍ≈-ªü-ΔÛˇ-r» 3, AÔú-ÌŸ-ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ ÃÍÖVÛ¸”gå˝ 3, Ú‹MÊ¸*≈-«sÓ˝ 5) ®–È≈Ö-VÊ¸$-ÀMÊ¸$ MÛ¸sÍ-Δˇ$$Ö-_ØË˛ RÍ‰À$: Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ CÖf±-Δäˇ(-G-À-MÏ¸â-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 1, CØ¨˛-Á‹$â-–˛$Ö-sÙ˝-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛ 1, –˛$M>-∞-MÊ¸Ãå˝ 1), Ô‹∞-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ BÔú-Á‹-Δäˇ (-Ô‹Ô‹ 1, Ô‹Gã-‹-BΔäˇ 1, Ìfl˝^¨˛-B-Δäˇ 1, ÃÍ 1, Gãú á H 1, –ö˛*ΔˇP-sÏ˝ÖVä¸ 1) AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: Eß¯≈-V>∞≤ AØË˛$-Á‹-«Ö_ Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ôË˛ —ªÍVÊ¸ÖÃZ yÏ˛{X / Ô‹H/ IÔ‹-yÊ˛-∫$œ≈H / GÖΩH Á≥N«¢-^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ. –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: 56 H‚Ê˝ìœ —$Ö^Ë˛-MÊ¸*-yÊ˛ßÊ˛$ GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: Eß¯≈VÊ¸ ∞∫Ö-´ßÊ˛-ØË˛À {Á≥M>ΔÊˇÖ Ì‹PÃå˝ sÒ˝ã‹t, ÌúhMÊ¸Ãå˝ GÖyÊ˛*≈-Δˇ-Ø¨˛fi sÒ˝ã‹t, {VÊ¸*ã≥ yÏ˛Á‹P-ÁŸ-Ø¨˛, CÖrΔÊˇ*”≈ ßë”Δ> ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍÁ‹$¢ Ôúk: KΩ-Ô‹-ÀMÊ¸$ ΔÊˇ*.200(—$-W-ÕØË˛ AøÊ˝≈-ΔÊˇ$¶ÀMÊ¸$ Ôúk —$ØË˛-‡-Δˇ$$ÖÁ≥# –ö˛«¢-Á‹$¢Ö®) BØ¨˛-ÃÒ˝O-Ø¨˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ-RÍ-Á‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: ØË˛–ö˛Ö-∫ΔÊˇ$ 21 –˛ªå˝-Ú‹Oså˝: www.gailonline.com

{sÙ˝yä˛ A{Ú≥ÖsÓ˝ã‹À$ ›˚ô¨˛ DÁ‹âØ¨˛ ΔˇOÃÙ˝” B´ßÊ˛”ΔÊˇ≈ÖÃZ∞ V>ΔˇzØ¨˛ RÍ‰À$ »^¨˛ A{Ú≥ÖsÓ˝ã‹À øÊ˝»¢MÏ¸ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢À$ M¯ΔÊˇ$ô¯Ö®. ❖ ƒÊ˝$*∞rœ –È» RÍ‰À$: QΔÊˇVä¸Á≥NΔäˇ –ö˛ΔäˇP⁄Îã≥ 360, Ì‹VÊ¸≤Ãå˝ á sÒ˝ŒM>Ö 87, {sÍMä¸ –˛$ÌŸØ¨˛ –ö˛ΔäˇP⁄Îã≥ 120, Gã‹Gã‹D –ö˛ΔäˇPfi 28, M>≈ΔÛˇgå˝ á –Û˛VÊ¸Ø¨˛ (QΔÊˇVä¸Á≥NΔäˇ) 121, yÓ˛hÃå˝ ÃZM¯ ÚŸyä˛ 50, Ô‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ yÓ˛DD 90, sÓ˝BΔäˇyÓ˛ yÏ˛¥˜ 40, DGÖƒÊ˝$* ÚŸyä˛ 40, GÀM¯â ÃZM¯ÚŸyä˛ (Á‹Ö{ôË˛VÊ¸`) 36, Ô‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ yÓ˛DD (^Ë˛{MÊ¸´ßÊ˛ΔäˇÁ≥NΔäˇ) 93, GÀMÏ¸âMä¸ {sÍÑÊ¸Ø¨˛ 30, M>≈ΔÛˇgå˝ á –Û˛VÊ¸Ø¨˛ (^Ë˛{MÊ¸´ßÊ˛ΔäˇÁ≥NΔäˇ) 65, GÀMÏ¸âMä¸ ÃZM¯ ÚŸyä˛ (sÍsÍ) 72, CÖf±«ÖVä¸ –ö˛ΔäˇP⁄Îã≥ (Ô‹∞) 100, {sÍMä¸ –˛$ÌŸØ¨˛ –ö˛ΔäˇP⁄Îã≥ (Ô‹∞) 7, Gã‹Gã‹C (–ö˛ΔäˇPfi) (^Ë˛{MÊ¸´ßÊ˛Δäˇ Á≥NΔäˇ) 26, GÀMÏ¸âMä¸ ÃZM¯ÚŸyä˛ (ªüÖyë–ö˛$$ÖyÊ˛) 50,yÓ˛hÃå˝ ÃZM¯ ÚŸyä˛ 52, Ô‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ yÓ˛DD (A{ßë) 30, M>≈ΔÛˇgå˝ á –Û˛VÊ¸Ø¨˛ (B{ßë) 65, yÓ˛hÃå˝ ÃZM¯ ÚŸyä˛(ΩMÛ¸Gã‹Ô‹) 33, sÓ˝BΔäˇyÏ˛ yÏ˛¥˜(B{ßë) 30, GÀMÏ¸âMä¸ ÃZM¯ ÚŸyä˛ (ΩMÛ¸Gã‹Ô‹) 31, ∏ÎœãŸ ∫så˝ –˛ÕzÖVä¸ (Áfl˝ΔÊˇ$¤VÊ¸*yÊ˛) 25, Gã‹Gã‹D –ö˛ΔäˇPfi CÖf±«ÖVä¸ (B{ßë) 24, M>≈ΔÛˇgå˝ á –Û˛VÊ¸Ø¨˛ (Δ>Ö`) 30, Ô‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ yÏ˛DD(Δ>Ö`) 30, sÓ˝BΔäˇyÏ˛ yÏ˛¥˘ (Δ>Ö`) 10, Gã‹Gã‹D (–ö˛ΔäˇPfi) (Δ>Ö`) 10 ❖ {sÙ˝yä˛fi: ÌúrtΔäˇ, rΔÊˇ≤Δäˇ, GÀMÓ¸âÌŸƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛, –˛ÀzΔäˇ, –˛$M>∞Mä¸, Ú≥Δˇ$$ÖrΔäˇ, M>ΔˇµÖrΔäˇ ❖ AΔÊˇ·ôË˛: MÊ¸±Á‹Ö 50 ‘ÈôË˛Ö –ö˛*ΔÊˇ$PÀô¯ Á≥ß¯ôË˛ΔÊˇVÊ¸Ü E°¢ΔÊˇ~ôË˛ô¯¥Îr$ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®ôË˛ {sÙ˝yä˛ÃZ IsÓ˝I Á≥N«¢^Û˛Ì‹ EÖyëÕ. ❖ –ö˛ƒÊ˝$Á‹$: fØË˛–ö˛« 1 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ 15 ØË˛$Ö_ 24 H‚Ê˝œ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ EÖyëÕ ❖ GÖÌ≥MÊ¸: AMÊ¸yÊ˛—$Mä¸ –˛$«så˝ B´ßëΔÊˇÖV> ❖ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢ Ôúk: ΔÊˇ*.100(GÔ‹fi/ GÔ‹t/ ®–È≈ÖVÊ¸$À$/ –ö˛$Ìfl˝‚Ê˝ÀMÊ¸$ Ôúk —$ØË˛‡Δˇ$$ÖÁ≥# –ö˛«¢Á‹$¢Ö®) ❖ BØ¨˛ÃÒ˝OØ¨˛ ßÊ˛ΔÊˇRÍÁ‹$¢MÊ¸$ BQΔÊˇ$ ôÛ˛©: ØË˛–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 22 ❖ –˛ªå˝Ú‹Oså˝: www.ser.indianrailways.gov.in

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BÖ{´ßÊ˛ -fØË˛ Á‹ÖÁú$Ö ›Î¶Ì≥Ö-_Ö® G–ö˛ΔÊˇ$? øÍΔÊˇôË˛ ›Î”ôË˛Ö{ô¯≈ßÊ˛≈–ö˛$ÖÃZ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ ¥˘Δ>rÖ {Á≥´ßëØË˛–˛$OÖ®. ∞gÍÖ Δ>kÀ Á‹”ôË˛Ö{ôË˛ Δ>f≈ÖV> ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ —ÀÌ‹ÕœÖ®. ∞gÍÖ Δ>kÀ$ AØË˛$Á‹«Ö_ØË˛ —´ßëØÈÀ –ö˛ÀØË˛ {Á≥fÃZœ –ö˛$$Q≈ÖV> ô˛À$VÊ¸$–È«ÃZ ∞ΔÊˇÁ‹ØË˛ øÍ–ö˛Ö HΔÊˇµyÏ˛Ö®. ô˛À$VÊ¸$ øÍ⁄Î¿–ö˛ñ®Æ M¯Á‹Ö BÖ{´ßÊ˛ fØË˛ Á‹ÖÁú$Ö, BÖ{´ßÊ˛ –ö˛$‡Á‹øÊ˝À$ HΔÊˇµyëzΔˇ$$. MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈∞Á‹$tÀ Δ>MÊ¸ô¯ ΔˇOôË˛$ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*À$ FÌ≥« ¥˘Á‹$MÊ¸$ØÈ≤Δˇ$$. ΔÊˇgÍM>ΔÊˇœ BVÊ¸yëÀ$ —$Ü“$ΔÊˇyÊ˛Öô¯ Ú‹O∞MÊ¸ ^Ë˛ΔÊˇ≈ ßë”Δ> ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ØË˛$ øÍΔÊˇô¨˛ÃZ —ŒØË˛Ö ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. D —–ö˛Δ>À±≤ yÓ˛GÔ‹fi M¯◊˝ÖÃZ Á‹–ö˛${VÊ¸ÖV> ô˛À$Á‹$MÊ¸$ÖßëÖ.....

ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ÃZ ›Î”ôË˛Ö{ô¯≈ßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö –˛$$VÊ¸À$À Á‹$ªÙ˝ßëΔÊˇ$y˛OØË˛ "∞gÍÖ EÃå˝ –ö˛$$Ãå˝P' 1724ÃZ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ØË˛$ Á‹”ôË˛Ö{ôË˛ Δ>f≈ÖV> ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈyÊ˛$. CôË˛yÊ˛$ AÁ‹ãúgÍÔfl˝ –ö˛Ö‘Ë˝ ›Î¶Á≥MÊ¸$yÊ˛$ MÊ¸*yë. AÁ‹ãúgÍÔfl˝ –ö˛Ö‘Ë˝Á‹$¶À$ {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝ 1724 ØË˛$Ö_ {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. 1948 –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ØË˛$ ¥ÎÕÖ^ÈΔÊˇ$. "∞gÍÖ' AØÛ˛ ºΔÊˇ$ßÊ˛$ ¥˜Ö® HyÊ˛$VÊ¸$ΔÊˇ$ ∞gÍÖ ØË˛–È∫$À$ ¥ÎÕÖ_ØË˛ {¥ÎÖôÈ∞≤ "Ø˛OgÍÖ {¥ÎÖôË˛Ö' AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. ô˛ÀÖV>◊˝ Á‹‡ –ö˛$‡Δ>ÁŸâ, MÊ¸Δ>~rMÊ¸ÃZ∞ Mˆ∞≤ {¥ÎÖôÈÀ$ ∞gÍÖ ØË˛–È∫$À A´©ØË˛ÖÃZ EÖyÛ˛—. {ºsÏ˝ÁŸΔÊˇœô¯ ∞gÍÖ AŒRÍØ¨˛ Ú‹OØË˛≈ Á‹Áfl˝M>ΔÊˇ Á‹Ö´®∞ MÊ¸$ßÊ˛$ΔÊˇ$aM¯–ö˛yÊ˛Öô¯ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ ΔˇÌ‹y˛Öså˝ Á‹”ßÛ˛÷ Δ>gÍ≈∞MÏ¸ –ö˛^ÈayÊ˛$. Á≥«¥ÎÀØÈ –ö˛≈–ö˛‡Δ>ÃZœ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ ΔˇÌ‹y˛Öså˝ gZMÊ¸≈Ö ^Û˛Á‹$MˆØÛ˛–ÈΔÊˇ$.

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–ö˛$$Ì‹œÖ –ö˛$ôË˛Á‹$¶ÃÙ˝ {Á≥´ßëØË˛ ¥ÎÀMÊ¸$À$V> EÖyÛ˛–ÈΔÊˇ$. EØË˛≤ôË˛ Eß¯≈V>ÃZœ 90 ‘ÈôË˛Ö –ö˛$Ö® –ö˛$$Ì‹œÖÃÙ˝ ∞ƒÊ˝$—$ôË˛$ÀƒÙ˝$≈–ÈΔÊˇ$. "y˛MÊ¸PØ¨˛ EΔÊˇ*™' ØË˛$ Ø˛OgÍÖ Δ>kÀ A´®M>ΔÊˇ øÍÁŸV> {Á≥MÊ¸sÏ˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. Δ>f≈ÖÃZ GMÊ¸Pyë ô˛À$VÊ¸$–È«MÏ¸ {¥Î´ßëØË˛≈Ö EÖyÛ˛®M>ßÊ˛$. ô˛À$VÊ¸$ —ßë≈¿–ö˛ñ®ÆMÏ¸ Gr$–ö˛ÖsÏ˝ M>ΔÊˇ≈{MÊ¸–ö˛*ÀØË˛* ^Û˛Á≥rtÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. {¥Î£Ê˛—$MÊ¸ ›Î¶Δˇ$$ ØË˛$Ö_ —‘Ë˝”—ßë≈ÀƒÊ˝$ ›Î¶Δˇ$$ –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ EΔÊˇ*™ øÍıŸ EÖyÛ˛®. 1918ÃZ E›Î√∞ƒÊ˝* MÊ¸‚Í‘ÈÀØË˛$ ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. D MÊ¸‚Í‘ÈÀÃZ ô˛À$VÊ¸$ ^Ë˛ßÊ˛$–ö˛#MÊ¸$ØË˛≤ —ßë≈ΔÊˇ$¶ÀMÊ¸$ {Á≥–Û˛‘Ë˝Ö ∞ÌŸßÊ˛™Ö. ô˛À$VÊ¸$ ¥ÎuÊˇ‘ÈÀÀ HΔ>µr$MÊ¸$ ØË˛–È∫$À$ M>±, f—$ÖßëΔÊˇ$À$ M>± AØË˛$–ö˛$Ü C–ö˛”ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. Ø˛OgÍÖ ØË˛–È∫$MÊ¸$ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ M>ΔÊˇ≈MÊ¸ÃÍ¥ÎÀ$ ∞ΔÊˇ”Ìﬂ˝Ö^Û˛ MÛ¸Ö{ßëÀ–ö˛#ôÈƒÊ˝$ØË˛≤ EßÛ˛™‘Ë˝Öô¯ØÛ˛ ô˛À$VÊ¸$ ¥ÎuÊˇ‘ÈÀÀMÊ¸$ AØË˛$–ö˛$Ü∞^Û˛a–ÈΔÊˇ$ M>ßÊ˛$. Ø˛OgÍÖ ØË˛–È∫$À$ ôË˛–ö˛$ Δ>f≈ÖÃZ —ßë≈¿–ö˛ñ®ÆMÏ¸ ^Ë˛ΔÊˇ≈À$ °Á‹$M¯ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. Eßë: 1941ÃZ ÚﬂO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ÃZ AÑÊ¸Δ>Á‹≈ôË˛ 9.3 ‘ÈôË˛Ö

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ÚﬂO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ IGØ¨˛Ô‹ ★

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©∞∞ 1885ÃZ ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. 1888ÃZ IGØ¨˛Ô‹ ∫ñÖßÊ˛Ö ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ –ö˛_a MÊ¸ΔÊˇÁ≥{ôÈÀ$ Á≥Ö_ K Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘È∞≤ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ÃZ IGØ¨˛Ô‹MÏ¸ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ –ö˛$ßÊ˛™ôË˛$ßëΔÊˇ$yÊ˛$ –ö˛$$ÃÍœ A∫$™Ãå˝ MÊ¸ƒÊ˝$*–í˛$ CôË˛yÊ˛$ –ö˛$$Ì‹œÖÀ$ AØË˛$øÊ˝—Á‹$¢ØË˛≤ Δ>f«MÊ¸ A´®M>Δ> ÀØË˛$ ΔÊˇßÊ˛$™ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝*À∞ Ø˛OgÍÖ {Á≥øÊ˝$–ö˛#ÀØË˛$ M¯Δ>yÊ˛$. M>Ö{V¸ã‹ Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ –ö˛$$Ì‹œÖÀ$ ¥ÎÃüYØÈÀ∞ M¯Δ>yÊ˛$ {Á≥fÀ ›ÎÖÌú$MÊ¸, B«¶MÊ¸, –Û˛$£¯Á≥ΔÊˇ–˛$OØË˛ i–ö˛ØÈ∞≤ Ú≥Ö¥˜Ö®Ö^Ë˛yë∞MÏ¸ AÖk–ö˛$Ø¨˛ G –ö˛*«ãú AØÛ˛ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ ØË˛$ ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈyÊ˛$. ^ÈßÊ˛ΔäˇÁú*så˝-& GÌ≥ã‹ M¯Á≥Ãå˝ –˛$£Ê˛yÏ˛ã‹t ^Ë˛ΔäˇaMÊ¸$ ^˛Ö®ØË˛ Δˇ–ö˛ΔˇÖyä˛ WÃå˝t M>Ö{V¸ã‹ –ö˛$ßÊ˛™ôË˛$ßëΔÊˇ$yÊ˛ƒÊ˝*≈yÊ˛$. 1892ÃZ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ÃZ BΔÊˇ≈ Á‹–ö˛*f ‘ÈQØË˛$ ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. {Á≥gÍ¿{¥ÎƒÊ˝$ ı‹MÊ¸ΔÊˇ◊˝, M>ΔÊˇ≈MÊ¸ΔÊˇ¢ÀMÊ¸$ ’ÑÊ¸◊˝ C–ö˛”yÊ˛Ö, ›ÎÖÌú$MÊ¸ –ö˛$ôË˛ ›Î–ö˛$ΔÊˇ›Î≈∞≤ Ú≥Ö¥˜Ö®Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö –ö˛ÖsÏ˝— BΔÊˇ≈ Á‹–ö˛*f ‘ÈQ ÀÑ>≈À$.

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–ö˛*{ôË˛–Û˛$. CÖßÊ˛$ÃZ –ö˛$Ìfl˝‚Ê˝À$ 4.3 ‘ÈôË˛Ö –ö˛$Ö® EÖyÛ˛–ÈΔÊˇ$. –˛$OÁ‹*ΔäˇÃZ 12.2 ‘ÈôË˛Ö, ∫Δ¯yëÃZ 23 ‘ÈôË˛Ö, MÛ¸ΔÊˇ‚Ê & {sÍ–˛Ø¨˛M¯ΔäˇÃZ 47.7 ‘ÈôË˛Ö AÑÊ¸Δ>Á‹≈ôË˛ ØË˛–˛*ß˛OÖ®. 1901ÃZ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ÃZ {÷ MÊ¸ñÁŸ~ ßÛ˛–ö˛Δ>ƒÊ˝$ BÖ{´ßÊ˛ øÍ⁄Î ∞ÀƒÊ˝*∞≤ ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. Mˆ–ö˛${Δ>k ÀÑÊ¸√◊˝Δ>–ö˛#, ØÈƒÊ˝$∞ –˛ÖMÊ¸r ΔÊˇÖV>Δ>–ö˛#, Δ>—^˛r$t ΔÊˇÖV>Δ>–ö˛#À$ ©∞ ›Î¶Á≥MÊ¸$À$. 1921ÃZ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ & —–Û˛MÊ¸–ö˛«Æ∞ MÊ¸‚Í‘ÈÀÃZ ô˛À$VÊ¸$ÃZ {Á≥–Û˛‘Ë˝Ú≥sÍtΔÊˇØË˛≤ M>ΔÊˇ◊˝Öô¯ K °Δ>√ØÈ∞≤ ΔÊˇßÊ˛$™ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$.

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ô˛À$VÊ¸$ øÍ⁄Î¿–ö˛ñ®ÆMÏ¸, ßë∞ EØË˛≤ÜMÏ¸ 1924ÃZ –ö˛*yÊ˛¥ÎsÏ˝ Áfl˝ØË˛$–ö˛$ÖôË˛Δ>–ö˛# "BÖ{´ßÊ˛ fØË˛ Á‹ÖÁú$Ö' AØÛ˛ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ØË˛$ ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. BÖ{´ßÊ˛ fØË˛ Á‹ÖÁú$Ö ÀÑ>-≈À$: {VÊ¸Ö£ëÀƒÊ˝*À$, Á≥uÊˇØË˛ –ö˛$Ö®Δ>À HΔ>µr$ ô˛À$VÊ¸$ E¥Î´ßë≈ƒÊ˝$$ÀØË˛$, D øÍÁŸ“$ßÊ˛ BÁ‹MÏ¸¢ EØË˛≤ —ßë≈ΔÊˇ$¶ÀØË˛$ {¥˘ôË˛fiÌfl˝Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö ô˛À$VÊ¸$ ›ÎÌfl˝ôÈ≈∞≤ BßÊ˛«Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö {¥Î`ØË˛ ô˛À$VÊ¸$ {VÊ¸Ö£ëÀØË˛$, Δ>ôË˛ {Á≥ôË˛$ÀØË˛$ ı‹MÊ¸«Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö BÖ{´ßÊ˛ fØË˛ Á‹ÖÁú$Ö, {V>–ö˛*ÃZœ∞ M>«√MÊ¸$À$, –È≈¥ÎΔÊˇÁ‹$¢À Á‹–ö˛$Á‹≈Õ≤ ô˛À$Á‹$Mˆ∞ –ÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ Á≥«⁄ÎPΔÊˇ –ö˛*Δ>YÀ$ ^Ë˛*Á≥#ôË˛* _ØË˛≤ Á≥#Á‹¢M>ÀØË˛$ A^Ë˛$a –Û˛Δˇ$$Ö^Û˛®. —ßë≈¿–ö˛ñ®Æ M¯Á‹Ö ØÈÀ$VÊ¸$ –Û˛À ¥ÎuÊˇ‘ÈÀÀØË˛$ ›Î¶Ì≥Ö_Ö®. Ø˛OgÍÖ Δ>kÀ AØË˛$–ö˛$Ü À¿Ö^Ë˛∞ M>ΔÊˇ◊˝ÖV> C–ö˛±≤ –ö˛$*ôË˛Á≥yëzΔˇ$$. ô˛À$VÊ¸$ øÍ⁄Î¿–ö˛ñ®ÆMÏ¸ –ö˛$«ÖôË˛ Á≥sÏ˝ÁŸt–˛$OØË˛ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ B–ö˛‘Ë˝≈MÊ¸ôË˛ØË˛$ D Á‹ÖÁú$rØË˛ ô˛ÕƒÊ˝$gÙ˝Ì‹Ö®.

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yÓ˛GÔ‹ﬁ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸Ö

›˘ÁŸÃå˝ Á‹tyÓ˛ã‹

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BÖ{´ßÊ˛ –ö˛$‡Á‹øÊ˝ (1930) ❖

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1930ÃZ –ö˛*yÊ˛¥ÎsÏ˝ Áﬂ˝ØË˛$–ö˛$ÖôË˛Δ>–ö˛#, Δ>— ØÈΔ>ƒÊ˝$◊˝ ΔˇyÏ˛z –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ {Á≥–ö˛$$Q$À$ BÖ{´ßÊ˛ –ö˛$‡Á‹øÊ˝ØË˛$ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. BÖ{´ßÊ˛ –ö˛$‡ Á‹øÊ˝ ÀÑ>-≈À$: —ßë≈¿–ö˛ñ®ÆMÏ¸ –ö˛$«∞≤ –˛$ΔÊˇ$V¸OØË˛ ›˚MÊ¸Δ>≈À$ AÖ®Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö. {Á≥fÀ Á‹–ö˛$Á‹≈ÀØË˛$ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôÈ”∞MÏ¸ ô˛ÕÌ≥ –ÈsÏ˝∞

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ÚﬂO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ _–ö˛« Ø˛OgÍÖ ØË˛–È∫$ “$Δäˇ E›Î√Ø¨˛

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øÍΔÊˇô¨˛ÃZ ÚﬂO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ —ŒØË˛Ö

Á≥«ÁŸP«Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛Ö 1935ÃZ Ì‹«Ì‹Àœ Á‹–ö˛*–Û˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ BÖ{´ßÊ˛ –ö˛$‡Á‹øÊ˝ Mˆ∞≤ °Δ>√ØÈÀ$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. C–ö˛±≤ —ßë≈, ›Î–ö˛*hMÊ¸ Á≥ΔÊˇ –˛$OØË˛—V> EÖyÊ˛yÊ˛Ö VÊ¸–ö˛$ØÈΔÊˇ·Ö. A—.. –ö˛*ôË˛ñøÍÁŸÃZ —ßë≈ ªZ´ßÊ˛ØË˛ fΔÊˇV>Õ (ô˛À$VÊ¸$ÃZ) ∞ΔÊˇ¬Ö´ßÊ˛ E_ôË˛ {¥Î£Ê˛—$MÊ¸ —ßÊ˛≈ØË˛$ AÖ®Ö^ÈÕ ªÍÀ≈ —–È‡ÀØË˛$ ∞ıŸ´®Ö^ÈÕ AÖrΔ>∞ôË˛ØÈ∞≤ ∞ΔÊˇ*√ÕÖ_ MÏ¸Ö® MÊ¸$ÃÍÀ–È«MÏ¸ Á‹ÖÁú$ÖÃZ V˙ΔÊˇ–ö˛Ö MÊ¸ÕµÖ^ÈÕ Á‹”ßÛ˛÷ Δ>gÍ≈À {Á≥fÀMÊ¸$ Áfl˝MÊ¸$PÀ$ MÊ¸ÕµÖ^ÈÕ {Á≥gÍ›Î”–ö˛$≈ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôÈ”À ßë”Δ> ¥ÎÀØË˛ MˆØË˛›ÎWÖ^ÈÕ. BÖ{´ßÊ˛ –ö˛$‡ Á‹øÊ˝, ô˛ÀÖV>◊˝ {¥ÎÖôË˛ÖÃZ AØÛ˛MÊ¸ {VÊ¸Ö£ëÀƒÊ˝*À$, ›ÎÖÁ‹PñÜMÊ¸ MÛ¸Ö{ßëÀ$ ›Î¶Ì≥Ö_Ö®. {VÊ¸Ö£ëÀƒÊ˝*ÃZœ Ø˛{Áfl˝î, V>Ö´©, MÊ¸ÖßÊ˛$MÊ¸*«, VÊ¸$ΔÊˇgÍyÊ˛ –È« ΔÊˇ^Ë˛ØË˛À$ AÖßÊ˛$ªÍr$ÃZ EÖyÛ˛—. CMÊ¸PyÏ˛ Á≥{ÜMÊ¸À$, {VÊ¸Ö£ëÀ$ ^Ë˛®— ΔˇOôË˛$À$, M>«√MÊ¸$À$ ^˛OôË˛ØË˛≈–ö˛ÖôË˛$ÀƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$. D Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ Δ>{Ü ¥ÎuÊˇ‘ÈÀÀØË˛$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. {Á≥fÀÖôÈ CMÊ¸PyÏ˛MÏ¸ –ö˛_a gÍ°ƒÊ˝$, Δ>fMÓ¸ƒÊ˝$, Ø˛OgÍÖ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛” ¥ÎÀØË˛ VÊ¸$«Ö_ ^Ë˛ΔÊˇaÀ$ f«ı≥–ÈΔÊˇ$. V¯ÃüPÖyÊ˛ Á≥{ÜMÊ¸ Á‹Ö¥ÎßÊ˛MÊ¸$y˛OØË˛ Á‹$ΔÊˇ–ö˛ΔÊˇÖ {Á≥ôÈÁ≥ΔˇyÏ˛z ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ÃZ gÍ°ƒÊ˝$ øÍ–ÈÀØË˛$ –È≈Ì≥¢ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. M>‚Zi ØÈΔ>ƒÊ˝$◊˝Δ>–ö˛#, ßë‘Ë˝ΔÊˇ§ MÊ¸ñÁŸ~–ö˛*^ÈΔÊˇ$≈À$,

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D BΔÊˇ≈ Á‹–ö˛*fÖ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ gÍ°ƒÒ˝*ßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞MÏ¸ ›Î”—$ Δ>–ö˛*ØË˛ÖßÊ˛ °ΔÊˇ¶ØË˛$ AÖ®Ö_Ö® 1938ÃZ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ Δ>ÁŸâ M>Ö{V¸ã‹ BΔÊˇÖøÊ˝–˛$OÖ®. ©∞ ›Î¶Á≥MÊ¸$ÃZœ ›Î”—$ Δ>–ö˛*ØË˛ÖßÊ˛ °ΔÊˇ¶ –ö˛$$Q$≈yÊ˛$ 1938ÃZ –ö˛ÖßÛ˛–ö˛*ôË˛ΔÊˇ XôÈ∞≤ ∞ıŸ´®Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. ©∞MÏ¸ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ÖV> ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ÃZ –ö˛ÖßÛ˛–ö˛*ôË˛ΔÊˇ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö {¥ÎΔÊˇÖøÊ˝–˛$OÖ®. ßÛ˛‘È∞MÏ¸ ›Î”ôË˛Ö{ôË˛≈Ö Ì‹®ÆÖ^Û˛ ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ ›Î”—$ Δ>–ö˛*ØË˛ÖßÊ˛ °ΔÊˇ¶ "gÍΔˇ$$Ø¨˛ CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*' EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞≤ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö^ÈyÊ˛$. 1947 BVÊ¸Á‹$t 15ØË˛ –ö˛$ØË˛ ßÛ˛‘È∞MÏ¸ ›Î”ôË˛Ö{ôË˛≈Ö –ö˛_aØÈ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ Δ>ÁŸâ {Á≥fÀMÊ¸$ ›Î”ôË˛Ö{ôË˛≈Ö ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. GÖßÊ˛$MÊ¸ÖsÙ˝ AÁ≥#µyÊ˛$ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ JMÊ¸ Á‹”ßÛ˛÷ Δ>f≈Ö. CÃÍÖsÏ˝ 550 Á‹”ßÛ˛÷ Δ>gÍ≈ÀØË˛$ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ —ŒØË˛Ö ^Û˛ı‹ ªÍ´ßÊ˛≈ôË˛ØË˛$ Á‹Δ>™Δäˇ –ö˛ÀœøÍΔˇ$$ Á≥sÙ˝Ãå˝MÊ¸$ AÁ≥µWÖ^ÈΔÊˇ$.

ßë‘Ë˝ΔÊˇ§ ΔÊˇÖV>Δ>–ö˛#À$ Ø˛OgÍÖ ØË˛–È∫$MÊ¸$ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ ¥˘Δ>sÍÀ$ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. 1940 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ BÖ{´ßÊ˛ –ö˛$‡ Á‹øÊ˝ÃZ MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈∞Á‹$tÀ Á‹ÖQ≈ Ú≥«WÖ® 1946 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ D Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ Á≥N«¢V> MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈∞Á‹$tÀ –ö˛‘Ë˝–˛$OÖ®. ßÊ˛$ØÛ˛≤–ÈyÏ˛ßÛ˛ øÊ˝*—$ AØÛ˛ ∞ØÈßÊ˛Öô¯ øÊ˝*—$ M¯Á‹Ö, øÊ˝$MÏ¸¢ M¯Á‹Ö GßÊ˛$ΔÊˇ$^Ë˛*Á‹$¢ØË˛≤ ΔˇOôË˛$À Á≥Ñ>-ØË˛ ∞À∫yÏ˛ ›ÎƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ¥˘Δ>sÍ∞≤ ÃÙ˝–ö˛©Ì‹Ö®.

ô˛ÀÖV>◊˝ ›ÎƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ¥˘Δ>rÖ

BÖ{´ßÊ˛ fØË˛ Á‹ÖÁú$Ö (1924)

ÚﬂO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ÃZ –ö˛$ôË˛Ö, øÍÁŸ ✦

º.—. ØÈΔ>ƒÊ˝$◊˝ΔˇyÏ˛z Ô‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ ∏Î≈MÊ¸Œt

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AŒRÍØ¨˛. CôË˛∞ Á‹Áfl˝M>ΔÊˇÖô¯ –ö˛$hœã‹ Cô˛ï¢Áfl˝ßÊ˛$Ãå˝ –ö˛$Ô‹œ—$Ø¨˛ (GÖIGÖ) AØÛ˛ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ B—ΔÊˇ¬—Ö_Ö®. D Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ –ö˛ÀÖsÓ˝ΔÊˇœØÛ˛ ΔÊˇgÍM>ΔÊˇ$œ AÖsÍΔÊˇ$. “« ØÈƒÊ˝$MÊ¸$yÊ˛$ M>Ì‹Ö ΔÊˇi”. ΔÊˇgÍM>ΔÊˇ$œ ô˛ÀÖV>◊˝ÃZ AØÛ˛MÊ¸ AMÊ¸ñôÈ≈ÀMÊ¸$ ¥ÎÀµyëzΔÊˇ$. ΔÊˇgÍM>ΔÊˇœ AÖyÊ˛ô¯ØÛ˛ Ø˛OgÍÖ {Á≥øÊ˝$–ö˛# ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ØË˛$ øÍΔÊˇô¨˛ÃZ —ŒØË˛Ö ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. ©∞ô¯ fØË˛ΔÊˇÃå˝ ^˙ßÊ˛« ØÈƒÊ˝$MÊ¸ôË˛”ÖÃZ "BÁ≥ΔÛˇÁŸØ¨˛ ¥˘ÃZ' Ú‹O∞MÊ¸ ^Ë˛ΔÊˇ≈ ßë”Δ> 1948 Ú‹Ú≥tÖ∫ΔÊˇ$ 13 ØË˛$Ö_ 17 –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ Ø˛OgÍÖô¯ ¥˘Δ>yÏ˛ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ØË˛$ øÍΔÊˇô¨˛ÃZ —ŒØË˛Ö ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ØË˛$ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸ Δ>ÁŸâÖV> HΔÊˇµΔÊˇ^ÈΔÊˇ$. 1952ÃZ f«WØË˛ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ G∞≤MÊ¸ÃZœ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ –ö˛$$Q≈–ö˛$Ö{ÜV> ∫*ΔÊˇ$YÀ Δ>–ö˛$MÊ¸ñ⁄Î~Δ>–ö˛# G∞≤MÊ¸ƒÊ˝*≈ΔÊˇ$. 1956ÃZ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛, BÖ{´ßÊ˛ Δ>ÁŸâÖÃZ MÊ¸ÀÌ‹ BÖ{´ßÊ˛{Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝ Δ>ÁŸâÖ A–ö˛ôË˛«Ö_Ö®. D BÖ{´ßÊ˛{Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝ Δ>ÁŸâ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ –ö˛$$Q≈–ö˛$Ö{Ü ±ÀÖ Á‹Öi–ö˛ ΔˇyÏ˛z.

ô˛ÀÖV>◊˝ ›ÎƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ¥˘Δ>rÖ {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝ 1946 & 1951 –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ M>ÀÖÃZ f«WÖ®. C® øÍΔÊˇôË˛ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ f«WØË˛ AÜÚ≥ßÊ˛™ ΔˇOôË˛$ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö. 1929 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ MÊ¸»ÖØË˛VÊ¸Δäˇ, Q–ö˛$√Ö, –ö˛ΔÊˇÖVÊ¸Ãå˝, Ì≥ÀœÀ–ö˛${« {¥ÎÖôÈÃZœ "MÏ¸›ÎØ¨˛ Á‹ÖÁú*À$' HΔÊˇµyëzΔˇ$$. D Á‹ÖÁú*À$ Δˇ–˛ØË˛*≈, ¥˘Œã‹, Á≥sÙ˝Ãå˝, Á≥sÍ”«, ßÛ˛‘¨˝–ö˛$$Rå¸, ßˆΔÊˇÀMÊ¸$ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ÖV> Á≥∞^Û˛‘ÈΔˇ$$. BÖ{´ßÊ˛ –ö˛$‡ Á‹øÊ˝ D MÏ¸›ÎØ¨˛ Á‹ÖÁú*ÀØË˛$ ôË˛ØË˛ A´© ØË˛ÖÃZMÏ¸ ô˛^Ë˛$aMÊ¸$Ö®. {Á≥Ü {V>–ö˛$ÖÃZ øÊ˝*›Î”–ö˛$$ÀMÊ¸$ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ÖV> MÏ¸›ÎØ¨˛ Á‹ÖÁú*À$ ¥˘Δ>yÛ˛ÃÍ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. D ¥˘Δ>r M>ÀÖÃZ ÀÑÊ¸ GMÊ¸Δ>À øÊ˝*—$ EØË˛≤ ΔˇOôË˛$À$ MÊ¸*yë EÖyÛ˛–ÈΔÊˇ$. Eßë: —ØË˛$–ö˛$*ΔÊˇ$ Δ>–ö˛$^Ë˛Ö{ßë ΔˇyÏ˛z, ^˛ØÈ≤ΔˇyÏ˛z {Á≥ôÈÁ≥ ΔˇyÏ˛z MÊ¸yÏ˛–˛ÖyÏ˛ {V>–ö˛$ÖÃZ ^ÈMÊ¸Õ IÀ–ö˛$√ øÊ˝*—$∞ Δ>–ö˛$^Ë˛Ö{ßë ΔˇyÏ˛z ôË˛ØË˛ ›˜ÖôË˛Ö ^Û˛Á‹$M¯V> ©∞∞ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÏ¸Á‹*¢ Á‹ÖÁú$Ö Á‹øÊ˝$≈À$ Ú≥ßÊ˛™ FΔÛˇWÖÁ≥# ∞ΔÊˇ”Ìﬂ˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. D Á‹ÖßÊ˛ΔÊˇ¬ÖV> f«WØË˛ M>À$µÃZœ ßˆyÏ˛z Mˆ–ö˛$ΔÊˇƒÊ˝$≈ AØÛ˛ –ö˛≈MÏ¸¢ –ö˛$ΔÊˇ◊Ï˝Ö^ÈyÊ˛$. CôË˛∞ –ö˛$ΔÊˇ◊˝Öô¯ØÛ˛ ›ÎƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ¥˘Δ>rÖ BΔÊˇÖøÊ˝–˛$OÖ®.

MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈∞ã‹t M>ΔÊˇ≈{MÊ¸–ö˛*À$ ✱

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–ö˛$ΔÊˇ◊Ï˝Ö_ØË˛ Mˆ–ö˛$ΔÊˇƒÊ˝$≈ “$ßÊ˛ ¥ÎrÀ$, Á≥ßë≈À$ ¥ÎyÊ˛$ôË˛* ØÈsÏ˝MÊ¸À$ –Û˛Á‹*¢ MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈∞Á‹$tÀ$ {V>–ö˛*ÃZœ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛*∞≤ –È≈Ì≥¢ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. øÊ˝*›Î”–ö˛$$ÀØË˛$, f—$ÖßëΔÊˇ$ÀØË˛$ {V>–ö˛*ÀØË˛$Ö_ ôË˛«—$–Û˛Ì‹ {V>–ö˛$ Á≥Ö^ÈΔˇ$$°À ßë”Δ> ¥ÎÀØË˛ ∞ΔÊˇ”Ìfl˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. ΔÊˇÑÊ¸◊˝ M¯Á‹Ö {V>–ö˛$ V¸«ÃÍœ ßÊ˛‚ÍÀØË˛$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. {V>–ö˛$ Á‹–ö˛$Á‹≈À Á≥«⁄ÎPΔÊˇÖ M¯Á‹Ö "{V>–ö˛$ Á≥«⁄ÎPΔÊˇ Á‹ÖÁú*À$' ›Î¶Ì≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. ∫${ΔÊˇMÊ¸£Ê˛ ßÊ˛‚ÍÀØË˛$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. Á‹–ö˛*ÖôË˛ΔÊˇ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôÈ”ÀØË˛$, Á‹–ö˛$ Á‹–ö˛*ÖôË˛ΔÊˇ M¯ΔÊˇ$tÀØË˛$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. øÊ˝*›Î”–ö˛$$À$, f—$ÖßëΔÊˇ$À øÊ˝*–ö˛$$ÀØË˛$, CôË˛ΔÊˇ Á‹ÖÁ≥ßÊ˛ÀØË˛$ ı≥ßÊ˛ÀMÊ¸$ Á≥Ö_ C^ÈaΔÊˇ$. M˙À$ßëΔÊˇ$À ôˆÀWÖÁ≥#ØË˛$ ΔÊˇßÊ˛$™ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. M˙À$ØË˛$ ôË˛WYÖ^ÈΔÊˇ$. MÊ¸*ŒÀ ΔÛˇr$œ Ú≥Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. BÖ{´ßÊ˛ –ö˛$‡ Á‹øÊ˝ "øÊ˝*—$ M¯Á‹Ö & øÊ˝$MÏ¸¢ M¯Á‹Ö' ¥˘Δ>yÊ˛$ôË˛*ØÛ˛ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛Δ>ªÍßä˛ØË˛$ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ —ŒØË˛Ö ^Û˛ƒÊ˝*À∞ M¯«Ö®. –ö˛$Δ¯–˛OÁ≥# "—‘ÈÃÍÖ{´ßÊ˛' (BÖ{´ßÊ˛{Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝)ØË˛$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝*À∞ M¯«Ö®. ›Î”ôË˛Ö{ôË˛≈Ö –ö˛_aØË˛ ôË˛ΔÊˇ–ÈôË˛ MÊ¸*yë øÊ˝*Á‹ÖÁ‹PΔÊˇ◊˝À M¯Á‹Ö øÍΔÊˇôË˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôÈ”∞MÏ¸ –ö˛≈ÜΔÛˇMÊ¸ÖV> “« ¥˘Δ>rÖ MˆØË˛›ÎWÖ®. ©∞ØÛ˛ "ØË˛MÊ¸fiÃÒ˝Oså˝ EßÊ˛≈–ö˛$Ö'V> Ì≥Õ^ÈΔÊˇ$. CÖßÊ˛$ÃZ –ö˛$Ìfl˝‚Ê˝À$ MÊ¸*yë ¥ÎÃüYØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. Eßë: –ö˛*ØË˛$M¯r {V>–ö˛*∞MÏ¸ ^˛Ö®ØË˛ MÊ¸–ö˛$À–ö˛$√ AØÛ˛ –ö˛$Ìfl˝‚Ê˝ ßˆΔÊˇÀ ¥ÎÀØË˛MÊ¸$ —Á‹$VÊ¸$ ^˛Ö® øÊ˝ΔÊˇ¢, ›˘ßÊ˛ΔÊˇ$yÏ˛ô¯ MÊ¸ÀÌ‹ MÊ¸–ö˛$*≈∞ã‹t ¥Î»tÃZ ^Û˛«Ö®. 1951 ØÈsÏ˝MÏ¸ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö øÊ˝* Á‹ÖÁ‹PΔÊˇ◊˝À$ ^Û˛Á≥rtyÊ˛Öô¯ ›ÎƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ¥˘Δ>rÖ –ö˛$$WÌ‹ ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ Á‹øÊ˝$≈À$ fØË˛ i–ö˛ØË˛ {Á‹–ö˛ÖÜÃZ MÊ¸Õ‘ÈΔÊˇ$.

Á‹tyÓ˛

Q–ö˛$√Ö ∑ VÊ¸$ΔÊˇ$–ÈΔÊˇÖ 25 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 2018

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Aristotle said that...man is a social animal A test on articles and tenses 1. We should know ….. thing that……. English is ……..international language. Choose the appropriate articles to fill in the blanks. 1) a, an, an 2) a, the, an 3) a, an, no article 4) a, no article, an 2. He was ill, so he was taken to ---hospital. 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 3. ---beauty of this girl is praised. 1) An 2) The 3) A 4) No Article 4. Aristotle said that---man is a social animal. 1) An 2) The 3) A 4) No Article 5. Who is --- boy sitting there? 1) An 2) The 3) A 4) No Article 6. He returned after --- hour. 1) An 2) The 3) A 4) No Article 7. He first met me --- year ago. 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 8. Ooty is --- very dear place to live in. 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 9. Saritha is --- untidy girl. 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 10. … darkest cloud has … silver lining. 1) The, A 2) The,The 3) A, The 4) No Article, A 11. I bought … horse, ..ox, and --- buffalo. 1) A, a, a 2) An, an, a 3) a, An, a 4) No Articles 12. What kind of --- car it is! 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 13. The guide knows --- way. 1) An 2) The 3) A 4) No Article 14. --- able man has not always a distinguished look. 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 15. I go to --- temple every Friday to meet her. 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 16. He looks as stupid as --- owl. 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 17. He is not --- honorable man. 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 18. He is --- honour to this profession. 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 19. ……….water in this pond is polluted. Don't use it 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No article. 20. I was invited to -- dinner given to welcome the new ambassador. 1) An 2) The 3) A 4) No Article 21. …..gold of Kollar fields is not of high quality. 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No article 22. … Secretary and … Treasurer are absent. 1) The, A 2) The, the 3) A, the 4) The, No Article 23. He teaches ..... English 1) A 2) The 3) An 4) No Article 24. ...... Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 25. A beggar also refuses to take …… one rupee coin 1) A 2) An 3) The 4) No Article 26. Sachin Tendulkar .......... completed his century when we reached the stadium. Choose the correct phrase from the following to fill in the blank. 1) Has now 2) Was already 3) Had already 4) 27. Every Sunday, Ravi and Mohan meet in the same cafe. They are going there for years. The underlined part should be replaced by… 1) Have been going 2) Have gone

3) Have not been going 4) Have not gone 28. Praveen phoned while we ... dinner. 1) would have 2) were having 3) Have, had 4) are having 29. It ........ they are happy.. 1) Is seeming 2) Is seemed 3) Seems 4) Has seemed 30. I……..just the letter 1) am just posting 2) just posted 3) have posted 4) has just posted. 31. We………(live) in this town since 2005. 1) are living 2) lived 3) have lived 4) have been living. 32. After she………..me, I ………….her. 1) saw, saw 2) saw, Had seen 3) had seen, saw 4) has seen, saw 33. I……….all my friends next Sunday. 1) meet 2) shall meet 3) shall met 4) met 34. By the end of the next month, they………..the house. 1) are building 2) will be building 3) have built 4) will have built

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3) did not paid 4) has not paid. The calling bell rang while I ………(talk) to my friend 1) talked 2) have been taking 3) had talked 4) was talking The train left at 9 a.m. I reached the station at 9.10a.m. Which the following sentence express the some idea? 1) When I reached the station, the train had already left 2) When the train had left, I had already reached the station. 3) When I had already reached the stadium, the train left 4) When I reached the station, I train left My dog usually ……a lot, but he ………..at this moment. 1) barks, does not bark 2) barks, is not barking 3) barks, barks 4) barked, was barking Sixty miles……a very long distance to drive. 1) are 2) were 3) Is 4) has been

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SSC CGL, IBPS, SI, CONSTABLE 35. I…..(finish) my work, now I am free. 1) finished 2) have finished 3) am finishing 4) finish 36. At this time last Sunday,, I……..chess. 1) was playing 2) played 3) am playing 4) had been playing 37. Which of the following sentence is coreect? 1) I had been living here since1995 2) I have been living here since 1995 3) Both are correct 4) None of these 38. Identify the grammatically correct sentence. 1) He has gone to Kolkata yesterday. 2) These grapes are tasting sour. 3) He is having a cellular phone. 4) They are having lunch. 39 The maid……….the cup, while she……………..it. 1) broke, was washing 2) was washing, broke 3) broke, had washed 4) wash, broke 40. Where……you……..(hide) my pen? 1) have, hidden 2) do, hid 3) did, hidden 4) had, hid 41. She………….the exam fee yet. 1) did not pay 2) does not pay

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G) AØË˛$⁄ÎP gÍÁ‹µΔäˇ º) Á‹$gÍôË˛ WyÊ˛œ Ì‹) ΔÛˇÌŸ√ ∫ØÈfiÃå˝ yÏ˛) Á‹$øÊ˝{ßÊ˛ MÊ¸$–ö˛*« ^˙‡Ø¨˛ 18. CÖrΔÛˇ≤ÁŸØË˛Ãå˝ AsÍ—$Mä¸ GØË˛»j HgÒ˝±fi 27–ö˛ "ÁúN≈h ƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛ GØË˛»j Á‹ßÊ˛Á‹$fi'ØË˛$ GMÊ¸PyÊ˛ ∞ΔÊˇ”Ìfl˝Ö_Ö®? G) MÓ¸”Ø¨˛fiÃÍÖyä˛(B{ı‹tÕƒÊ˝*) º) V>Ö´©ØË˛VÊ¸Δäˇ(VÊ¸$fΔ>ô¨˛) Ì‹) M¯≈sZ(f¥ÎØ¨˛) yÏ˛) M>Õ∏˘«≤ƒÊ˝*(ƒÊ˝$$Gã‹H) 19. "CÖrΔÛˇ≤ÁŸØË˛Ãå˝ AsÍ—$Mä¸ GØË˛»j HgÒ˝±fi'MÏ¸ Á‹Ö∫Ö ´®Ö_ Á‹«M>∞® VÊ¸$«¢Ö^Ë˛ÖyÏ˛? G) ›Î¶Á≥ØË˛ & 1957 º) {Á≥´ßëØË˛ M>Δ>≈ÀƒÊ˝$Ö & Δ¯–í˛$ Ì‹) Á‹øÊ˝≈ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ$ & 170 yÏ˛) A´®Á≥Ü & ƒÊ˝$$MÏ¸ƒÊ˝$ A–ö˛$Ø¨˛ 20. BgÍßä˛ Ìfl˝Ößä˛ {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö HΔ>µr$MÊ¸$ Á‹Ö∫Ö ´®Ö_ CsÓ˝–ö˛À 75 Á‹Ö–ö˛ôË˛fiΔ>À$ EôË˛fi–ÈÀ$ ∞ΔÊˇ” Ìfl˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$. ©∞MÏ¸ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®Ö_ Á‹ΔˇOØË˛ –È≈Q≈À$ VÊ¸$«¢Ö^Ë˛ÖyÏ˛? 1. 1943 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 21ØË˛ {Á≥MÊ¸sÏ˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$ 2. {Á≥øÊ˝$ôË˛”Ö Ì‹ÖVÊ¸Á≥NΔäˇÃZ HΔ>µsÒ˝OÖ® 3. ©∞∞ f¥ÎØ¨˛, fΔÊˇ√∞, ^˛OØÈ, CrŒ, ÌúÕÔ≥µØ¨˛fi VÊ¸$«¢Ö^ÈΔˇ$$ G) 2 Á‹ΔˇOØË˛® º) 1, 2 Ì‹) H©M>ßÊ˛$ yÏ˛) A±≤ Á‹ΔˇOØË˛–Û˛ 21. CsÓ˝–ö˛À –ÈΔÊˇ¢ÃZœ ∞Õ_ØË˛ MÊ¸$Ø¨˛ÃÍÖVä¸/Gh600 {Á≥ôÛ˛≈MÊ¸ôË˛? G) EôË˛¢Δ>QÖyä˛ÃZ∞ D ’QΔ>∞MÏ¸ –Ègå˝ı≥Δˇ$$ ı≥ΔÊˇ$ Ú≥sÍtΔÊˇ$ º) f¥ÎØ¨˛ ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö®Ö_ØË˛ {Á≥Á≥Ö^Ë˛ÖÃZØÛ˛ AôË˛≈ÖôË˛ ©ΔÊˇÉ {‘Û˝◊Ï˝ ÑÏ¸Á≥◊Ï˝ Ì‹) ^˛OØÈ ΔÊˇ*¥˜Ö®Ö_ØË˛ ôˆÕ Á‹”ßÛ˛÷ EøÊ˝ƒÊ˝$^Ë˛ΔÊˇ —–ö˛*ØË˛Ö yÏ˛) H© Á‹ΔˇOØË˛® M>ßÊ˛$ 22. –ö˛*ØË˛–ö˛ A{MÊ¸–ö˛$ ΔÊˇ–È◊Í ∞Δ¯´®Ö^Ë˛yÊ˛ÖÃZ ^Û˛Ì‹ØË˛ —‘Û˝ÁŸ MÊ¸ñÌŸMÏ¸ "A–˛$«M> {Ú≥Ì‹y˛∞¤ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ –˛$yÊ˛Ãå˝& 2018'MÏ¸ GÖÌ≥M¸OØË˛ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ Á‹ÖôË˛Ü A–˛$«MÊ¸Ø¨˛? G) —$ØÈÃå˝ Á≥sÙ˝Ãå˝ yÛ˛—ã‹ º) M>«¢Mä¸ Ø˛–ö˛*√∞ Ì‹) BΔäˇ.{Á≥gÍqØË˛ÖßÊ˛ yÏ˛) AÖVä¸›ÎØå˛ Á‹*MÓ¸ 23. CsÓ˝–ö˛À øÊ˝*sÍØ¨˛ÃZ 47 ›Î¶ØÈÀMÊ¸$ f«WØË˛ ØÛ˛ÁŸ ØË˛Ãå˝ AÚ‹ÖΩœ G∞≤MÊ¸ÃZœ 30 ›Î¶ØÈÀô¯ AÜÚ≥ßÊ˛™ ¥Î»tV> A–ö˛ôË˛«Ö_Ö®? G) Ô≥Á≥#Ãå˝fi y˛–˛$${MÊ¸sÏ˝Mä¸ ¥Î»t º) {yÊ˛Mä¸ ÚúØÈÁ‹Ö ⁄˘V>µ Ì‹) {yÊ˛Mä¸ ØÈ≈–í˛$ΔÊˇã‹ ⁄˘V>µ yÏ˛) {yÊ˛Mä¸ _–ÈÖVä¸ ⁄˘V>µ 24. ÃÒ˝OÖWMÊ¸ –Û˛´®ÖÁ≥#À ÌúΔ>≈ßÊ˛$ÀMÊ¸$ ncw.metoo@

G) C›Îœ–ö˛*ªÍßä˛(¥ÎMÏ¸›Î¶Ø¨˛ º) ªÒ˝ÖVÊ¸‚Ê˝îΔÊˇ$(CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*) Ì‹) B›Î¶ØÈ(MÊ¸fMÏ¸›Î¶Ø¨˛) yÏ˛) hƒÊ˝*–˛$Ø¨˛(^˛OØÈ) 27. CsÓ˝–ö˛À øõV¯„MÊ¸ VÊ¸$«¢ÖÁ≥# ¥˜Ö®ØË˛ "Œ_ {ÁúNså˝" H {¥ÎÖôÈ∞MÏ¸ ^˛Ö®Ö®? G) Ω‡Δäˇ º) VÊ¸$fΔ>ô¨˛ Ì‹) –Û˛$Áú*ÀƒÊ˝$ yÏ˛) –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈{Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝ 28. 2018 ØË˛–ö˛Ö∫ΔÊˇ$ 1&14 –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ f«VÛ¸ "øÍΔÊˇôË˛& f¥ÎØ¨˛' Á‹ÖƒÊ˝$$MÊ¸¢ –˛O–ö˛*∞MÊ¸ —ØÈ≈›ÎÀ$? G) ´ßÊ˛Δ>√ V>«zƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛ º) –ö˛$ÀªÍΔäˇ Ì‹) —${ôË˛‘Ë˝MÏ¸¢ yÏ˛) ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ AøÍ≈ã‹ 29. CsÓ˝–ö˛À –ö˛$ΔÊˇ◊Ï˝Ö_ØË˛ GØå˛.yÏ˛.Ü–È« {¥Î–ö˛$$Q≈ôË˛? G) ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ΔˇÖyÊ˛$ Δ>⁄ÎâÀMÊ¸$ –ö˛$$Q≈–ö˛$Ö{ÜV> Á≥∞ ^Û˛Ì‹ØË˛ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ –ö˛≈MÏ¸¢ º) EôË˛¢ΔÊˇ{Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝, EôË˛¢Δ>QÖyä˛ Δ>⁄ÎâÀMÊ¸$ –ö˛$$Q≈–ö˛$Ö{Ü V> Á≥∞^Û˛Ì‹ØË˛ –˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ –ö˛≈MÏ¸¢ Ì‹) hÃÍœ M¯ΔÊˇ$t ØÈ≈ƒÊ˝$–ö˛$*«¢V> –ö˛≈–ö˛Áfl˝«Ö_ Δ>ÁŸâ –ö˛$$Q≈–ö˛$Ö{Ü AΔˇ$$ØË˛ HM¸OMÊ¸ –ö˛≈MÏ¸¢ yÏ˛) A±≤ Á‹ΔˇOØË˛–Û˛ 30. ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZØÛ˛ ôˆÕ øÊ˝*VÊ¸ΔÊˇ¬ ΔˇOÃÙ˝”ı‹tÁŸØ¨˛V> CsÓ˝–ö˛À ßÛ˛∞∞ {Á≥MÊ¸sÏ˝Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$? G) Áfl˝Ωªå˝VÊ¸Ögå˝(–ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈{Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝) º) M¸ƒå˝$ÃÍÖVä¸(Ìfl˝–ö˛*^Ë˛Ãå˝{Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝) Ì‹) VÊ¸$ÃÍ√ΔäˇY(f–ö˛$*√MÊ¸÷√Δäˇ) yÏ˛) –ö˛$ôË˛$ÖVä¸(–ö˛$$ÖªÒ˝O) 31. y˛{‡yÊ˛*Ø¨˛ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ÖV> VÊ¸À "CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Ø¨˛ M˙∞fiÃå˝ Bãú ∏ÎΔˇã‹t »Ú‹Δäˇa AÖyä˛ GyÊ˛$≈MÛ¸ÁŸØ¨˛' B–˛*®Ö_ØË˛ "{Á≥MÊ¸ñÜ' M>ΔÊˇ≈{MÊ¸–ö˛$Ö VÊ¸$«Ö_ —–ö˛«Ö^Ë˛ÖyÏ˛? 1. ©∞ A–ö˛$À$M¯Á‹Ö MÛ¸Ö{©ƒÊ˝$ —ßë≈ÀƒÊ˝$ Á‹ÖÁú$rØ¨˛, ØË˛–¯ßÊ˛ƒÊ˝$ —ßë≈ÀƒÊ˝$ Á‹—$Üô¯ JÁ≥µÖßÊ˛Ö ^Û˛Á‹$MÊ¸$Ö® 2. A–ö˛$À$ M>ÀÖ & 10 Á‹Ö–ö˛ôË˛fiΔ>À$ 3. EßÛ˛™‘Ë˝Ö & —ßë≈ΔÊˇ$¶ÀMÊ¸$ Á≥Δ>≈–ö˛ΔÊˇ◊˝Ö, AyÊ˛–ö˛#À Á≥rœ A–ö˛V>Áfl˝ØË˛, –ö˛ØË˛ΔÊˇ$À —∞ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸ÖÃZ ’ÑÊ¸◊˝ Ú≥O–ÈsÏ˝ÃZ Á‹ΔˇOØË˛® VÊ¸$«¢Ö^Ë˛ÖyÏ˛ G) 3 º) 1, 3 Ì‹) 2, 3 yÏ˛) 1, 2, 3 32. MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛Ö AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 16ØË˛ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö_ØË˛ "Á‹”ã‹¶ øÍΔÊˇô¨˛ ƒÊ˝*{ôË˛' {Á≥´ßëØË˛ EßÛ˛™‘Ë˝Ö? G) BΔ¯VÊ¸≈ Á≥«ΔÊˇÑÊ¸◊˝Ú≥O {Á≥fÀMÊ¸$ ’ÑÊ¸◊˝ º) Á‹$ΔÊˇÑÏ¸ôË˛ B‡ΔÊˇ —∞ƒÒ˝*VÊ¸ÖÚ≥O {Á≥^ÈΔÊˇÖ Ì‹) Á≥«Á‹Δ>À Á≥«‘Ë˝ì{øÊ˝ôË˛Ú≥O {Á≥^ÈΔÊˇÖ yÏ˛) –ö˛$$«MÏ¸–ÈyÊ˛ÃZœ –È≈´ßÊ˛$À VÊ¸$«¢ÖÁ≥# M>ΔÊˇ≈{MÊ¸–ö˛$Ö 33. ƒÒ˝$–ö˛$Ø¨˛ ØË˛*ôË˛ØË˛ {Á≥´ßë∞? G) C{∫Ôfl˝Ö –ö˛$Áfl˝–ö˛$√ßä˛ ›˘Õãfl˝ º) AÁfl˝√ßä˛ JªÒ˝Δˇ$$så˝ ºØ¨˛ ßÊ˛VÊ¸Δäˇ Ì‹) ∫ΔÊˇ·Ö ›ÎÕãfl˝ yÏ˛) –˛$Δˇ$$Ø¨˛ A∫$™Ãå˝ –ö˛*ÕMä¸

34. "E›Î¢ßä˛ ^ÈÖßä˛RÍØå˛ & 2018' i—ôË˛ ›ÎÁúÀ≈ Á≥#ΔÊˇ›ÎPΔ>∞MÏ¸ GÖÌ≥M¸OØË˛ WsÍΔäˇ —ßë”ÖÁ‹$yÊ˛$? G) Á≥ÖyÏ˛så˝ ΔÊˇ—‘Ë˝ÖMÊ¸Δäˇ º) Á≥ÖyÏ˛så˝ ’–ö˛‘Ë˝ÖMÊ¸Δäˇ ‘Ë˝ΔÊˇ√ Ì‹) —‘Ë˝”–˛*Áfl˝Øå˛ øÊ˝så˝ yÏ˛) Áfl˝«{Á≥›Îßä˛ ^˙Δ>Ì‹ƒÊ˝$ Gã‹.–ö˛$Ìfl˝¥ÎÃå˝ΔˇyÏ˛z 35. ƒÊ˝$*ô¨˛ JÕÖÌ≥Mä¸fiMÏ¸ Ô‹∞ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ ∏Î≈MÊ¸Œt Á‹Ö∫Ö´®Ö_ MÏ¸Ö® –È≈Q≈À$ Á≥«÷ÕÖ^Ë˛ÖyÏ˛. Á‹«M>∞ –È≈Q≈ØË˛$ VÊ¸$«¢Ö^Ë˛ÖyÏ˛. 1. 2018 AM¯t∫ΔÊˇ$ 6&18 –ö˛ΔÊˇMÊ¸$ f«V>Δˇ$$ 2. –Û˛®MÊ¸ &∫*≈ØË˛ã‹ GΔˇ$$Δäˇfi (AΔˇjÖsÓ˝ØÈ) 3. –˛*sZ & ÔúÃå˝ ßÊ˛ ÁúN≈^Ë˛Δäˇ 4. ¥ÎÃüYØË˛≤ ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ$ & 206 5. {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö_Ö®&–ö˛ò« Ì‹ƒÒ˝* –ö˛*{MÏ¸(AΔˇjÖsÓ˝ØÈ A´ßÊ˛≈ÑÊ¸$yÊ˛$) 6. Á≥ôË˛M>À Á≥sÏ˝tMÊ¸ÃZ ôˆÕ ›Î¶ØË˛Ö & ΔÊˇ⁄Î≈ 7. øÍΔÊˇôË˛ ›Î¶ØË˛Ö& 18 8. –ö˛$Á‹Pså˝ & ªZΔ¯º G) 1, 6, 8 Á‹«M>–ö˛# º) 8 Á‹«M>ßÊ˛$ Ì‹) 4, 8 Á‹«M>–ö˛# yÏ˛) 4, 6, 8 Á‹«M>–ö˛# 36. ——´ßÊ˛ {MÓ¸yÊ˛À {¥ÎΔÊˇÖøÊ˝ EôË˛fi–ÈÀÃZ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ Á≥ôÈMÊ¸ßëΔÊˇ$ÀØË˛$ fôË˛Á≥ΔÊˇ^Ë˛ÖyÏ˛. 1. JÕÖÌ≥Mä¸fi G. ±ΔÊˇgå˝ ^¯{¥Î 2. —ÖrΔäˇ JÕÖÌ≥Mä¸fi º. –ö˛$ØË˛$ªÍMÊ¸Δäˇ 3. M>–ö˛$Ø˛”Ãå˝¢ {MÓ¸yÊ˛À$ Ì‹. A¿ØË˛–í˛ ºÖ{ßë 4. BÌ‹ƒÊ˝$ {MÓ¸yÊ˛À$ yÏ˛. Ì≥.—.Ì‹Ö´ßÊ˛$ 5. ƒÊ˝$*ô¨˛ JÕÖÌ≥Mä¸fi C. ’–ö˛MÛ¸‘Ë˝–ö˛Ø¨˛ G) 1&Ì‹, 2&Ì‹, 3&yÏ˛, 4&º, 5&G º) 1&Ì‹, 2&G, 3&º, 4&yÏ˛, 5&Ì‹ Ì‹) 1&Ì‹, 2&C, 3&º, 4&G, 5&yÏ˛ yÏ˛) 1&Ì‹, 2&C, 3&yÏ˛, 4&G, 5&º 37. ——´ßÊ˛ {Á≥Ü⁄ÎxôË˛√MÊ¸ {MÓ¸yÊ˛À –ö˛$$WÖÁ≥# EôË˛fi–ÈÃZœ øÍΔÊˇôË˛ Á≥ôÈMÊ¸ßëΔÊˇ$ÀØË˛$ fôË˛Á≥ΔÊˇ^Ë˛ÖyÏ˛. 1. JÕÖÌ≥Mä¸fi G. Δ>◊Ï˝ Δ>Ö¥ÎÃå˝ 2. M>–ö˛$Ø˛”Ãå˝¢ {MÓ¸yÊ˛À$ º. ›ÎÑÏ¸ –ö˛*ÕMä¸ 3. BÌ‹ƒÊ˝* {MÓ¸yÊ˛À$ Ì‹. fΔˇ—$ ÃÍÃå˝∞≤ΔÊˇ$ÖVÊ¸ 4. ƒÊ˝$*ô¨˛ JÕÖÌ≥Mä¸fi yÏ˛. –Û˛$«M¯Ö G) 1&yÏ˛, 2&º, 3&Ì‹, 4&G º) 1&º, 2&yÏ˛, 3&G, 4&Ì‹ Ì‹) 1&yÏ˛, 2&º, 3&G, 4&Ì‹ yÏ˛) 1&G, 2&º, 3&Ì‹, 4&yÏ˛ 38. 100 ‘ÈôË˛Ö GÃå˝Ì≥h MÊ¸Ø˛ÑÊ¸ØË˛$œ Á‹–ö˛$MÊ¸*ΔÊˇ$aM¯–ö˛yÊ˛Ö ßë”Δ> ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZØÛ˛ ôˆÕ ¥˜VÊ¸ΔÊˇÌfl˝ôË˛ Δ>ÁŸâÖ? G) Ì‹MÏ¸PÖ º) MÛ¸ΔÊˇ‚Ê˝ Ì‹) Ìfl˝–ö˛*^Ë˛Ãå˝ {Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝ yÏ˛) EôË˛¢Δ>QÖyä˛ 39. "MÊ¸sÏ˝ºÁfl˝ì' EôË˛fi–ÈÀØË˛$ ∞ΔÊˇ”Ìfl˝Ö^Û˛ Δ>ÁŸâÖ? G) Á≥ÖgÍªå˝ º) –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈{Á≥ßÛ˛‘¨˝ Ì‹) Áfl˝Δ>≈ØË˛ yÏ˛) A›˘Ö 40. –ö˛$«k–ÈØÈ(M¸ØÈ≤ºã‹)—∞ƒÒ˝*V>∞≤ ^Ë˛rt∫ßÊ˛ÆÖ ^Û˛Ì‹ØË˛ ΔˇÖy¯ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö M¸ØË˛yë, M>V> ôˆÕßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö? G) ßÊ˛ÑÏ¸◊Í{ÌúM> º) ªÒ˝ÃÍΔÊˇã‹ Ì‹) EΔÊˇ$VÛ¸” yÏ˛) Õ§–Û˛∞ƒÊ˝$ 41. ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZØÛ˛ ôˆÕ {MÏ¸¥˘tMÊ¸Δˇ±fi/ºså˝M>Δˇ$$Ø¨˛ GsÏ˝GÖ ØË˛$ GMÊ¸PyÊ˛ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ¿Ö^ÈΔÊˇ$? G) ªÒ˝ÖVÊ¸‚Ê˝îΔÊˇ$ º) VÊ¸$–ö˛Áfl˝sÏ˝ Ì‹) ÜΔÊˇ$–ö˛ØË˛ÖôË˛Á≥#ΔÊˇÖ yÏ˛) VÊ¸$ΔÊˇ${V>–í˛$ 42. 2018MÏ¸V>ØË˛$ "ƒÊ˝$ÖVä¸ –˛OÃå˝z ÃÒ˝Oãú ∏˜sZ{V>ÁúΔäˇ'V>¸ GÖÌ≥M¸OØË˛ øÍΔÊˇ°ƒÊ˝$$yÊ˛$? G) AΔÊˇ¤©ã≥ Ì‹ÖVä¸(CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝*) º) –ö˛$Áfl˝√ßä˛ A∫$Ãå˝gÒ˝Oßä˛ (DhÁ≥#t) Ì‹) AØË˛ØË˛≈ ‘Ë˝ÖMÊ¸Δäˇ(ƒÊ˝$$Gã‹G) yÏ˛) ^ÈΔˇœã‹ —MÊ¸tΔäˇ(fΔÊˇ√±)

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In recent times 'Angriya' is in new, it is? The RBI enhanced the single3. Babar called this city as Ilahabad, but borrower exposure limit for NBFCs Akbar changed into Allahabad from 10 per cent of a bank’s capital 4. Seven, out of 15 Prime Ministers were funds to...? either born in Allahabad, or were A) 15% B) 12% C) 20% D) 18% alumni of Allahabad University or 7. Observe the following? were elected from Allahabad 1. Dharma Guardian is a first ever Joint Constituency Military exercise between India and Which of the above are true Indonesia A) 1, 3, 4 B) 1, 3 C) 1, 2 D)1, 2, 4 2. Dharma Guardian is a first ever Joint 12. Observe the following? Military exercise between India and 1. Third Asian Para games were held in Japan Argentina from 6th to 13th October 3. Dharma Guardian will be held in 2. Third Asian Para games were held in November, 2018 in Manipur Indonesia from 6th to 13th October 4. Dharma Guardian will be held in 3. China topped with 319 Medals November, 2018 in Mizoram 4. Russia topped with 319 Medals Which of the above are true 5. India stood at 9th place with 72 A) 1, 3 B) 2, 4 C) 1, 4 D) 2, 3 Medals 8. Match the following, recent persons Which of the above are true and awards? A) 2, 3, 5 B) 1, 3, 5 1.Piyush Goyal C) 2, 4, 5 D)1, 4, 5 a.Man Booker Prize 13. Which of the following first and 2.Anna Burns second country respectively to legalize b.Social Entrepreneur of the year award possession and use of recreational 3.Arshadep singh cannabis? ? c.Carnot Prize A) Urugay, Ukaraine 4.Prema Gopalan B) Ukaraine, Urugay d.Wild Life Photo grapher (Under-10 C) Uruguay, Canada category) D) Canada, Urugay A) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d India, China sign agreement on B) 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a security cooperation For All C) 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b Competitive � The first India-China high-level D) 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b exams meeting on bilateral security 9. Match the following persons and cooperation held in New Delhi on appointments? 22nd October. During the meeting, 1.Priyank Kanoongo the two sides discussed issues of a. Treasurer of World Steel Association mutual interest including bilateral 2.Shekhar Munde cooperation on counter-terrorism b.Independent additional director, and welcomed increased Reliance Industries cooperation between India and 3.Arundhathi Bhattacharya China in the area of security. An c. Secretary, Depart of Scientific and Agreement on security cooperation Industrial Research was also signed by Home Minister 4. Sajjan Jindal Rajnath Singh and State Councilor d. Chairperson, National Commission and Minister of Public Security of for protection of Child rights China, Zhao Kezhi. A) 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c B) 1-d, 2-b, 3-c, 4-a 14. Gurudas Agarwal had passed away C) 1-d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-b on 11th October, 2018, he was a ? D) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a A) Sports personality B) Politician 10. In the third week of October, 2018 C) Chemist Union Government has announced Rs D) Environmental Engineer 100 crore award for states, that would 15. Anna burns has got Man booker complete SAUBHAGAYA scheme, the prize-2018, for which of the following scheme related to book? A) Electrification of every village A) Milk man B) Providing Gas to every house hold B) Man or Technology C) Electrification to every house hold C) Beating every one D) Achievers D)None 16. In which of the following city, India;s 11. Observe the following? first crypto currency ATM was 1. Allahabad name was recently changed installed? as Prayag A) Hyderabad B) Mumbai 2. Akbar called this city as Ilahabad, but C) Bangalore D) Ahmedabad Shahjahan changed into Allahabad 17. Observe the following.? 1.Shahi Litchi of Muzaffarpur has got Climate Fund Approves $1billion For Projects In Poor Countries Geographical Indication tag, in the second week of October Green Climate Fund stated the funding 2.In India, West Bengal is leading in approved at the meeting in Manama producing of Litchi includes projects linked to geothermal 3.In India, Bihar is leading in producing energy in Indonesia, greener cities in of Litchi Europe and West Asia, and protection Which of the above are correct for coastal communities in India. A) 1 B) 1, 3 C) 1, 2 D) 2 � GCF has approved USD 43.4 million 18. Observe the following for supporting climate resilience of 1.12th Asia-Europe meeting was held in millions of people living in the coastal third week of October in Belgium � A UN-backed fund has approved more states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra 2.12th Asia-Europe meeting was held in than 1 billion dollars for 19 new and Odisha of India to combat extreme third week of October in Spain projects to help developing countries impacts of climate change during the tackle climate change. Officials 3.The theme of Asia-Europe meeting 21st meeting of the Green Climate overseeing the South Korea-based was 'We and You together for future Fund (GCF) Board at Manama,Bahrain.

1. Observe the following? 1. Kerala is now set to become the first smoke-free State in the country with public sector oil companies eyeing 100% LPG penetration 2. Madhya Pradesh is now set to become the first smoke-free State in the country with public sector oil companies eyeing 100% LPG penetration 3. SAUBHAGYA, scheme was launched by Union Government to provide LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) connections to poor households 4. Pradhan Mantri Ujwala Yojana was launched by Union Government to Provide LPG connections to poor house holds Which of the above are true A) 2, 3 B) 1, 4 C) 1, 3 D) 1, 4 2. Observe the following, (Global competitive index ranks)? 1. In the World Economic Forum Index, India ranked 58 2. India ranked highest among South Asian countries 3. India ranked highest among BRICS nations 4. Among G-20, India is highest gainer, jumped five spots compare to 2017 Which of the above are true A) 1, 2, 3 B) 1, 3, 4 C) 1, 2, 4 D) 1, 2, 3, 4 3. OneerTM, is much in news in recent times, what is it? A) It is an affordable Water Disinfection System, developed by CSIR B) It is a new Lab test, to detect presence of HIV developed by CSIR C) It is a new test developed by CSIR, to detect presence of any virus in the body D) None of the above 4. 'Hyperion' is in news much in recent times, what is it A) It is a new type of Ion, that forms automatically in atmosphere B) It is a Ion, which is very active in the universe, known to date C) It is a new layer, discovered recently lying in atmosphere D) It is a galaxy, the most massive structure in the early universe known to date 5. Assertion: China wants to launch artificial moons by 2022? Reason: China wants to save power A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A C) A is true but R is false D) A is false but R is true 6. In the Second week of October, 2018

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generations' 4.The theme of Asia-Europe meeting was 'Global partners for Global Challenges A) 1, 4 B) 2, 4 C) 2, 3 D) 1, 3 180. Who among the following is the author of the 'Maharana Pratap 'the invincible warrior' A) Murali Manohar Joshi B) Romila Thapar C) Rima Hooja D) Ram Ahuja NASSCOM and Dubai Internet city have entered an agreement in the third week of October, 20 18, and this agreement facilitates? A) Expansion of Indian soft ware services in Middle East B) Expansion of Indian scientific research in computers in Middle east C) Expansion of Small and Medium enterprises in Middle East and North Africa D) None Which of the following country had build World's largest amphibious plane, air craft AG600? A) China B) USA C) Japan D) South Korea Observe the following? 1. 2018 Summer Youth Olympics games were held from 6th to 18th October in Spain 2. 2018 Summer Youth Olympics games were held from 6th to 18th October in Argentina 3. Summer Youth Olympics games were the first, to held out side Asia Which of the above are true A) 2, 3 B) 1, 3 C) 1 D) 3 In recent times 'Angriya' is in new, it is...? a. It is India's first Tourism project, allows to move out side India b. It is the first cruise service in India c. It is India's first Blood donation camp service d. None GCF has approved USD 43.4 million for supporting climate resilience of millions of people living in the coastal states, which are these states? 1.Tamil nadu 2.Andhra Pradesh 3.Odisha 4.Maharashtra 5.West Bengal 6.Kerala A) 1, 6 B) 2, 3, 4 C) 2,3,4,5 D) 1,2,3,4,5,6

1-b 7-b 13-c 19-c

2-c 8-c 14-d 20-c

ANSWERS 3-a 9-d 15-a 21-a

4-d 10-c 16-c 22-a

5-a 11-d 17-b 23-b

6-a 12-a 18-a 24-b

12 >∑Ts¡Tyês¡+ 25.10.2018 ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é

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Bìì EC #˚ dü÷∫kÕÔs¡T.  A  P (A ∩ B ) n (A ∩ B ) |òüT≥q\T dü«‘·+Á‘·+ sêdüT\T nsTT‘˚:- ˇø£ j·÷<ä�•Ãø£ P  = = EC-S-E B P (B ) n (B )  A,B nH˚ $ ¬ s +&É T dü « ‘· + Á‘· |ò ü T ≥q\T Á|ü j Ó ÷ >∑ + ˝À X¯ S Hê´ dü $ T‹ì ì ndü + uÛ Ñ e |ò ü T ≥q nì, → ’φ ’ n<˚$<Ûä+>± P  B  = P (A ∩ B ) = n (A ∩ B ) XÊ+|æ˝Ÿ ùdŒdt ì ì•Ã‘· |òüT≥q nì n+{≤s¡T. nsTT‘˚ P (A ∪ B ) = P (A ).P (B ) P (A) n (A )  A $e�‘·|òüT≥q\T:- ˇø£ XÊ+|æ˝Ÿ ùdŒdüT˝À ˇø£ |òüT≥q dü+uÛÑ ∵ P (A ∪ B ) = P (A )+ P (B )− P (A ).P (B ) � dü+uÛ≤e´‘·-~«|ü<ä $düÔs¡D:- X nH˚~ ˇø£ #·\q $+∫q|ü⁄&ÉT $T–*q |òüT≥q\T dü+uÛÑ$+#· ≈£î+&Ü ∗ P (A ∪ B )= P (B ) − P (A ∩ B ) sêdæ nsTT Bì dü+uÛ≤e´‘· $uÛÑ»q Á|üy˚Tj·T+ ìs√~Û+#·ã&É‘êsTT. M{ÏH˚ |òüT≥q\T n+{≤s¡T. ∗ P (A ∩ B ) = P (A ) − P (A ∩ B ) P(X=r)=nCr Pr.qn-r,r=0,1,2, ..n qT ~«|ü<ä ñ<ë: ˇø£ HêD…+qT m>∑Ts¡y˚dæq|ü&ÉT u§eTà |ü&ç+~ $düÔs¡D+ n+{≤s¡T. 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P ( Ek ) P  A  6) ˇø£ bÕ∫ø£qT $dæ]q|ü⁄&ÉT, dü] dü+K´ sêe&ÜìøÏ Ek   Ek   P = , K = 1, 2,.... n |òüT≥q\T |üs¡düŒs¡+ $e�‘·eTT\T ø±ø£b˛‘˚ :>∑\ dü+uÛ≤e´‘·...... n    A A ∑ i =1 p(E1 ) p  Ei  ˇø£ j·÷<ä�•Ãø£ Á|üjÓ÷>∑+˝À A,B\T |üs¡düŒs¡+ 1 5 1 2 1) 2) 3) 4) $e�‘·eTT\T ø±ø£b˛‘˚ 2 36 6 36 � ìj·T‘· dü+uÛ≤e´‘·:- ˇø£ j·÷<ä�•Ãø£ Á|üjÓ÷>∑+˝À A,B\T ¬s+&ÉT |òüT≥q\T P(B)=0 eT]j·TT B nH˚ 7) ¬s+&ÉT bÕ∫ø£\T ˇπøkÕ] $dæ]q|ü⁄&ÉT, yÓTT‘·Ô+ 10 P (A ∪ B ) = P (A ) + P (B ) − P (A ∩ B ) sêe&ÜìøÏ >∑\ dü+uÛ≤e´‘·..... |òüT≥q n|üŒ{ÏøÏ dü+uÛÑ$+∫ ñ+fÒ |òüT≥q A P (A + B ) = P (A ) + P (B ) − P (AB )

Prepared by

Mr. K. Kumar Senior Faculty Hyderabad ph:9492956214

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17) 15 eT+~ u≤\Ts¡T, ◊<äT>∑Ts¡T u≤*ø£\T >∑\ ‘·s¡>∑‹ qT+&ç, eTT>∑TZs¡T $<ë´s¡Tú\qT m+#·Tø=q>±, Ç<ä›s¡T u≤\Ts¡T, ˇø£s¡T u≤*ø£ n>∑T≥≈£î >∑\ dü+uÛ≤e´‘·... 1)

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18) 5 ‘Ó\T|ü⁄, 6 Ä≈£î|ü#Ã· ã+‘·T\qT ø£*–j·TTqï ˇø£ dü+∫ qT+&ç 7 ã+‘·T\qT es¡Tdü>± rj·T>±, 3 ‘Ó\T|ü⁄, 4 Ä≈£L|ü#Ã· ã+‘·T\T n>∑T≥≈£î dü+uÛ≤e´‘·... C3 + 6C4 2) 11 C7 5

7 1) 11 C7 5

C3 6C3 3) 11 C7

C2 5C4 4) 11 C7

to be continued

Þœªô¢ªî¦ô¢Ù 25 ÍÚÁdñô¢ª 2018 - email: help@eenadupratibha.net

The “CLOZE-TEST” often appears both in the Preliminary and Main Exams. It is

Find out Missing Links

meant to test your reading skills and to know how well you can find out missing links in a passage. When you fill in all the blanks using suitable words from the options,it becomes a complete and meaningful passage. It is for 5 marks. This test was originally designed by a psychiatrist.

Cloze Test TEST — 1 Directions (Q. 1-10): In the following passage there are blanks each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage andagainst each five wordsare suggested, one of the which fitsin the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. In these days of economic liberalisation, globalisation, etc, materialistic values have assumed...(1)... importance. Money, physical comforts, and luxuries are most sought after aspects. There has been...(2)...competition. Such competition...(3)...undue stress. The stress leads to...(4)...of health of the people.

IBPS Clerks English

Writer M. Somasekhar Prasad Subject Expert Indian culture...(5)...its striking uniqueness, as against the Western culture, in the fact that there is a...(6)...place for spiritualism in the value system in all walks of life..The spirituality is a very...(7)...force which helps us in maintaining our physical and mental health. It gives us...(8)....to cope with the stress. Westerners have now...(9)...the importance of spirituality and, therefore, they have started....(10)...us in the matter of spirituality. 1. 1) greater 2) smaller 3) little 4) least 5) usual 2. 1) unusual 2) no 3) never 4) new 5) nice 3. 1) made 2) caused 3) generates 4) kills 5) removes 4. 1) illness 2) wellness 3) beauty 4) ugliness 5) wholeness 5. 1) led 2) lent 3) bent 4) marginalised 5) culminated 6. 1) informal 2) formal 3) official 4) unofficial 5) authorised 7. 1) uncommon 2) unnatural 3) strange 4) familiar 5) common 8. 1) clues 2) strength 3) leads 4) length 5) width 9. 1) i gnored 2) known 3) realised

TIPS TO BE KEPT IN MIND H First of all, read the passage carefully and closely and understand the theme of it. H Then read the options given for each question.It helps you understand your task better. H Now read each sentence and here more often the words before the blank and the words after the blank GIVE AWAY a clue about the suitable word to be used. H When no clue is available in the sentence, you can try quickly all the options given for each blank. H After filling in all the blanks,give a quick final reading of the entire passage and make last minute changes if any.

4) eliminated 5) elected 10. 1) accusing 2) finding fault 3) emulating 4) mocking 5) mimicking TEST — 2 ...(1)...stringent anti-pollution laws,mass awareness levels in India about the need to...(2)....environment are low. Which is ...(3)...many people insist that mere laws won’t do,what we...(4)....need are “environment conscious” citizens. It is in this contest that the university’s ...(5).... to introduce environment studies as a compulsory paper at the undergraduate level...(6).....significance. There was some...(7)...initially about who would teach because financial...(8)....make it impossible for colleges to....(9).....approval for new teaching posts.In fact, in August 1999,the UGC imposed a ban on the creation of new teaching posts in colleges. ....(10)....with this problem authorities at the universities have decided that serving teachers belonging to various discipline will teach the paper. 1. 1) old 2) new 3) despite 4) unless 5) until 2. 1) protect 2) pine out 3) pin down 4) press for 5) phase out 3. 1) not 2) as 3) why 4) which 5) what 4. 1) don’t 2) never 3) actually 4) s eldom 5) often 5. 1) decision 2) uncertainty 3) helplessness 4) need 5) hope 6. 1) ends 2) assumes 3) appears 4) thins out 5) fades out 7. 1) certainty 2) confusion 3) correctness 4) compulsion 5) covering 8. 1) needs 2) wants 3) gains 4) losses 5) profits 9. 1) give 2) offer 3) lend 4) accept 5) receive 10. 1) faced 2) lost 3) sank 4) ignoring 5) answering TEST — 3 The world’s climate has always changed and species have evolved accordingly to survive it. The surprising fact about the...(1)...between evolution and global warming....(2)...that it is not

linear. ...(3)....temperatures alone do not....(4)...evolution. Evolution is also the....(5)....of seasonal changes. As the environment....(6)....those species which don’t adapt....(7)....to exist..But the sheer...(8)....of man-made climate change today is....(9).... Bad things are happening and by one....(10).....global warming could threaten upto one-third of the world’s species if left unchecked. In fact,a lot of the species which will be able to survive are the ones we consider pests like insects and weeds. 1. 1) relationship 2) similarity 3) difference 4) link 5) connection 2. 1) was 2) is 3) are 4) were 5) being 3. 1) decreasing 2) declining 3) raising 4) falling 5) sliding 4. 1) trigger 2) hanger 3) slip 4) end 5) gun down 5. 1) fall 2) rise 3) result 4) insult 5) assault 6. 1) evolves 2) entraps 3) changes 4) transfers 5) retains 7. 1) cease 2) seize 3) sneeze 4) seal 5) steal 8. 1) race 2) trace 3) pace 4) space 5) lace 9. 1) unprecedented 2) unprepared 3) unprocessed 4) unpredicted 5) unparalleled 10. 1) foresee 2) forecast 3) foreplay 4) forlorn 5) forewarn TEST — 4 Although John Wisdom’s writings in philosophy show clearly the influence of Wittgenstein, they nevertheless display a....(1)...originality. Despite the....(2).... and difficult of his style, a careful study of Wisdom is seldom...(3)..... He is a unique kind of genius in philosophy. This essay is an excellent example of Wisdom’s repeated attempts to....(4)....the ultimate bases of philosophical perplexity. A great deal of time Wisdom is....(5)...interested in finding out why meta-physicians feel...(6)...to utter such strange sentences (e.g.”Time is unreal, “There are no material things”,etc). According to Wisdom, such sentences are both false and perhaps meaningless and yet....(7)..... Even more than Wittgenstein, Wisdom has stressed the “therapeutic”conception of philosophy, a view that comes out clearly in this essay where he emphasises the analogy between philosophical and neurotic distress....(8)....them with other kinds of problems. The reader who is interested in gaining a fuller ....(9)....with Wisdom’s thought is referred to his famous article,

“Philosophy and Psycho-analysis”. “Other Minds” is Wisdom’s most....(10)....discussion of a single topic and in many ways his finest work. (SBI EXAM 1999) 1. 1) marked 2) disguised 3) invisible 4) independent 5) invincible 2. 1) simplicity 2) complexity 3) simple 4) complex 5) easy 3. 1) profitable 2) unprofitable 3) rewarding 4) gainful 5) unexpected 4. 1) discuss 2) differentiate 3) erase 4) explore 5) expose 5. 1) little 2) less 3) personally 4) primarily 5) professionally 6. 1) compelled 2) confused 3) confined 4) confessed 5) confirmed 7. 1) ill-timed 2) implied 3) illuminating 4) fading 5) failing 8. 1) associating 2) alienating 3)separating 4) fixing 5) fastening 9. 1) acquaintance 2) association 3) assumption 4) admission 5) allocation 10. 1) professed 2) projected 3) prolonged 4) profited 5) profused TEST — 5 Rich countries usually help poorer ones....(1)....African countries through donations and aid. Their....(2)....are not always successful as loans are....(3)....not used for the projects for which they are...(4).... China, however, has found a different....(5)....to help Africa-by trading more with the....(6).... In 2009 China's trade with African countries was $90 billion ....(7)....than the USA's which was $86 billion.....(8).... countries have now begun to notice the....(9)....available in Africa. China's attitude has....(10)....the way the world deals with poor countries. (IBPS CLERK EXAM 2011) 1. 1) belonging 2) similarly 3) compared 4) with 5) like 2. 1) efforts 2)practices 3)challenges 4) achievements 5)attempt 3. 1) given 2) approved 3) regular 4) often 5) being 4. 1) grant 2) sanctioned 3) took 4) hired 5) apply 5. 1) goal 2) fund 3) way 4) skill 5) dream 6. 1) countries 2) others 3) abroad 4) neighbours 5) poor 7. 1) further 2) extra 3) more 4) less 5) high 8. 1) recently 2) any 3) friendly 4) many 5) while 9. 1) differences 2) supply 3) quantity 4) people 5) opportunities 10. 1) substitute 2) changed 3) exchanged 4) transform 5) convert ANSWERS TEST—1 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-1, 5-4, 6-2, 7-5, 8-2, 9-3, 10-3. TEST—2 1-3, 2-1, 3-3, 4-3, 5-1, 6-2, 7-2, 8-4, 9-5,10-1. TEST—3 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-1, 5-3, 6-3, 7-1, 8-3, 9-1, 10-2. TEST—4 1-1, 2-2, 3-2, 4-4, 5-4, 6-1, 7-3, 8-1,9-1, 10-3. TEST—5 1-5, 2-1, 3-4, 4-2, 5-3, 6-1, 7-3, 8-4, 9-5, 10-2.

Þœªô¢ªî¦ô¢Ù 25 ÍÚÁdñô¢ª 2018 - email: help@eenadupratibha.net

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ENª-ù£ÙöËº #ìo-÷³õªx AJ¸Þ ÚÁéÙ

30q 1q = = 60 2

ENªù£ òÅ°ÞœÙ Aô¢-Þœ-è¯-EÚ¨ í£çË¶d Ú¥õÙ = 12 11 ? 20 ENªù£ òÅ°Þ¥õª Aô¢-Þœ-è¯-EÚ¨ í£çË¶d Ú¥õÙ 12 240 9 = 20 u = - = 21 - ENªÿ§õª. -11 11 11

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9 21 11

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4, 5

ÞœÙåõ ÷ªëÅ]u Ôó¶ª ú£÷ª-óŸ«öËºx 2 ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u õÙñ-ÚÁ-é°õª Ôô¢p-è[-ê¦ô³? á:- 4 ÞœÙåõ ú£÷ª-óŸªÙöËº ENª-ÿ§õ ÷³õªx, ÞœÙåõ ÷³õªx ÚÛÙçË¶ 20 ENª-ÿ§õª î μìª-ÚÛ-ñè… ÑÙåªÙC.·ôÙè[ª ÷³õªxõª õÙñÙÞ¥ ÑÙè¯-õÙçË¶ î¦æ¨ ÷ªëÅ]u 15 ENªù£ òÅ°Þ¥õª ÏNªè… ÑÙè¯L.- Íô³ê¶ 4, 5 ÞœÙåõ ÷ªëÅ]u Ú¨ÙC ú£Ùë]-ô¦(ÄöËºx ÍN õÙñÙÞ¥ ÑÙæ°ô³.ú£Ùë]ô¢(ÄÙn-1: šíë]Ì-÷³õªx, #ìo-÷³õªx ÚÛÙçË¶ 15 ENªÿ§õª î μìª-ÚÛÚÛª ÑÙèË¶ ú£Ùë]ô¢(ÄÙ ÍÙçË¶ šíë]Ì-÷³õªx (20 - 15) 5 ENªù£ òÅ°Þ¥õª ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ AJ-Tê¶ ÍN õÙñÙÞ¥ ÑÙæ°ô³.ENª-ÿ§õ ÷³õªx 55 ENªù£ òÅ°Þ¥õª ÍCÅ-ÚÛÙÞ¥ Aô¢-Þœ-è¯-EÚ¨ í£çË¶d Ú¥õÙ = 60 ENª-ÿ§õª 1 ENªù£ òÅ°ÞœÙ ÍCÅ-ÚÛÙÞ¥ Aô¢-Þœ-è¯-EÚ¨ í£çË¶d Ú¥õÙ 60 = 55

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N÷«-ì-óŸ«ì ø‹Üõª 24 ÞœÙåõ Þœè…-óŸ«-ô¦Eo Í÷ª-õª-í£-ô¢ª-þ§hô³.- î¦üŒx çËμjîÂª çË¶ñª-öËÀqöËº çËμjNªÙÞÂ 0 ÞœÙåõª ìªÙ# 23 ÞœÙåõª.- s0- ÞœÙåõª ÍÙçË¶ Íô¢ÌÄô¦vA 12 ÞœÙåõª ÍE Íô¢–Ù.zH ·ôjöË¶y çËμjîÂªìª ÷ªì î¦è[ªÚÛ Ú¥õ-÷«-ìÙ-öËºÚ¨ ÷«ô¢ªaÚÁ-î¦-õÙçË¶ s÷ªëÅ¯uï£°oÙ 12 ÞœÙåõ êŸô¦yêŸz ÎóŸ« ú£÷ª-óŸ«õ ìªÙ# 12 Bú‡-î ¶-óŸ«L.Ñë¯:- 16.-40 ÍÙçË¶ (16.-40 - -12.-00) 4.-40 s÷ªëÅ¯uï£°oÙ êŸô¦yêŸ ÍE Íô¢–Ùz. 0.30 ÍÙçË¶ Íô¢–-ô¦vA 12.-30 ÍE Íô¢–Ù.12 420 2 = 35 u = = 38 11 11 11 5 2 5 4 38 11 11

? 5

ENªù£ òÅ°Þ¥õª ÍCÅ-ÚÛÙÞ¥ Aô¢-Þœ-è¯-EÚ¨ í£çË¶d 60 60 5 Ú¥õÙ = -=5 - ENªÿ§õª-5 5 u 5 = 11 11 ? 4

5 5 11

ÞœÙåõ ENª-ÿ§-õÚÛª ÍN õÙñÙÞ¥ ÑÙæ°ô³.ú£Ùë]ô¢(ÄÙn-2:- šíë]Ì-÷³õªx, #ìo-÷³õªx ÚÛÙçË¶ 15 ENªÿ§õª ÷³Ùë]ª ÑÙèË¶ ú£Ùë]ô¢(ÄÙ.ÍÙçË¶ šíë]Ì-÷³õªx (20 + -15) 35 ENªù£ òÅ°Þ¥õª ÓÚÛª\-¬Þ¥ AJ-Tê¶ ÍN õÙñÙÞ¥ ÑÙæ°ô³.ÍÙçË¶ ENª-ÿ§õ ÷³õªx 35 ENªù£ òÅ°Þ¥õª ÍCÅ-ÚÛÙÞ¥ Aô¢-Þœ-è¯-EÚ¨ í£çË¶d Ú¥õÙ 60 2 = u 35 = 38 ENªÿ§õª -55 -11 2 ÞœÙåõ 38 ENª-ÿ§-õÚÛª ÍN õÙñÙÞ¥ 1- 1 ÑÙæ°ô³.ú£Ù¤¨í£h í£ë]ÌÄA:- x, (x + 1) ÞœÙåõ ÷ªëÅ]u ·ôÙè[ª ÷³õªxõ ÷ªëÅ]u õÙñ-ÚÁéÙ Ôô¢pèË¶ ú£Ùë]-ô¦(Äõª:12 i) x ÞœÙåõ (5x 15) ENªÿ§õª.11 ? 4

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Diagrams will fetch an additional mark.. A student is supposed to draw the diagrams in the examinations. A student should show interest in learning how to draw the diagrams from the lecturers. Diagrams will fetch an additional mark in the examinations as marks are allotted separately for the diagrams. Diagrams must be bold, neat and labeled. It should be drawn in the beginning of the answer. Diagrams must be drawn with pencil and not with pen. Drawing small diagrams or at a corner must be avoided.

B. Rajendra Senior Faculty, Hyderabad

Morphology All Intermediate First Year students should start with 5th chapter instead of starting with 1st chapter as it deals with Morphology of plants that we see every day in our life. It can be understood easily and it gives confidence to the student on the subject and on his abilities. � Morphology is also a basic requirement for chapters on systematics, classification, taxonomy, reproduction and ecology. � In the Morphology of Flowering plants all parts of the plants viz root system, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed are described in technical terms. � Students are required to remember many plants as examples. This will be easy if the student studies each and every point clearly and this improves his memory also. � This chapter has 12 marks weightage in the I.P.E. One Long Answer Question will be given from this chapter. From the same unit one SAQ or two VSAQs are possible. � Happiest part for the student is only three Long Answer Questio-

Important points for NEET No portion carries importance or weightage. All information regarding every example must be gathered at one place. ❖ Definitions for technical terms must be learned. ❖ Plants like Asparagus and Eichhornia show all three (root, stem, leaf) modifications. ❖ Study as many times as possible this chapter. ❖ Information given in the glossary has to be noted. For preparing NEET student has to put a lot of effort in systematically arranging the information for the benefit of easy learning and remembering. For NEET, glossary given at the end of each chapter also has to be studied well. Definition of many words and much information is given in these glossaries. A student seriously preparing for the NEET should put an additional effort and time to segregate information regarding each plant and learn in that way for better scoring. This will give an additional advantage for IPE also. For example the plant mustard is mentioned many times in the chapter. The student should bring all this information at one place. Mustard is ❖

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ns are there from this chapter. The student should learn the proper representation of the answer for the questions. He should write the answers in a proper way with sub-headings. The chapter is also equally important for the EAMCET. In EAMCET, nearly 5 questions will be of Morphology related. Studying thoroughly this chapter will have advantage in both I.P.E. and EAMCET exams. A student need to plan properly for better marks. With little efforts he can get good marks in IPE as the guidelines for these exams are strictly adhere to the syllabus and text book. It is better for the student to prepare all the VSAQs. As he will be preparing LAQs from this chapter VSAQs will be covered automatically.

Important LAQs from this chapter 1. Define root modification. Expmentioned in phyllotaxy- with alternate phyllotaxy, androecium- six stamens with different lengths of filaments, carpels with syncarpous condition with single locule, presence of false septum and fruit is a dry dehiscent fruit. Similarly.. ❖ Colocasia: Underground stem, spadix inflorescence, unisexual & neuter flowers, modified bract. ❖ Cassia: Corymbose inflorescence, zygomorphic flowers, imbricate aestivation. ❖ Carrot: Storage root, umbel inflorescence. ❖ Whenever student comes across any additional information he should add it here. It is the method of learning and remembering morphological aspects of a plant for the exam.

INTERMEDIATE INTERMEDIATE NEET NEET V BOTANY S pe c i a l

lain how root is modified to perform different functions. 2. Explain how stem is modified variously to perform different functions. 3. Explain different types of racemose inflorescence. Important SAQs 1. Explain with examples different types of phyllotaxy. 2. Describe any two special types of inflorescence. 3. Describe the arrangement of floral members in relation to their

PREVIOUS NEET QUESTIONS 1. Coconutfruit is a: 1) Drupe 2) Berry 3) Nut 4) Capsule 2. Root hairs develop irom the region of: 1) Maturation 2) Elongation 3) Root cap 4) Meristematic activity 3. In Bougainvillea thorns are the modifications of: l) Stipules

2) Adyentitious root 3) Stem 4) Leaf Opposite type of phyllotaxy is not present in 1) Guava 2) Calotropis 3) Mint 4) Mango An inflorescence with younger flowers at the base and older ones at its apex is known as 1) Head 2) Racemose 3) Cymose 4) Hypanthodiun Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched Vegetative Propagules Example 1) Offset -Water Hyacinth 2) Eyes - Potato 3) Rhizome - Ginger 4) Stolons - Agave The term 'polyadelphous' is related to 1) androecium 2) corolla 3) calyx 4) gynoecium How many plants among Indigofera, Sesbania, Salvia, Allium, Aloe, mustard, groundnut, radish, gram and turnip have stamens with different lengths in their flowers? 1) Four 2) Five 3) Six 4) Three Radial symmetry is found in the flowers of 1) Trifolium 2) Pisum

insertion on thalamus. 4. Describe any four types of placentations found in flowering plants. 5. Describe in brief fleshy fruits studied by you. Guidelines Diagrams must be practiced for IPE. Every diagram must be labeled properly. Ink pens should not be used for diagrams. For LAQs 30-35 minutes and for every SAQ 10-12 minutes is required. Root System: ❖ Write the definition first and list out all the modifications. ❖ Explain any four modification in detail with correct examples. ❖ Hand writing must be legible. The Stem: ❖ Write the definition and list out different modifications under 1. Underground stem modifications 2. Aerial stem modifications 3. Sub-aerial stem modifications ❖ Explain any four modifications taking at least one modification from each type with examples and diagrams. For Inflorescences Line diagrams are sufficient. SAQs Leaf: ❖ Tendrillar modifications help in climbing. ❖ Spines help in protection and 10.

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3) Cassia 4) Brassica Free-central placentation is found in 1) Argemone 2) Brassica 3) Citrus 4) Dianthus Proximal end of the filament of stamen is attached to: 1) Anther 2) Connective 3) Placenta 4) Thalamus or petal The standard petal of a papilionaceous corolla is also called 1) Carina 2) Pappus 3) Vexillum 4) Corona Tricarpellary, syncarpous gynoecium is found in flowers of: 1) Liliaceae 2) Fabaceae 3) Solanaceae 4) Poaceae

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reduction in transpiration. This is a xerophytic adoption. Phyllodes are green persistent structures. These are also xerophytic adoption. Trap leaves are insectivorous and secretary. Reproductive leaves help in vegetative propagation.

Special Type Inflorescences: ❖ Verticillaster, Cyathium and Hypanthodium are special type inflorescences. ❖ Any two can be explained. Flower: ❖ Petal and sepals together called perianth. ❖ Depending on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium on the thalamus in relation to gynoecium flowers may be hypogynous, perigynous and epigynous. ❖ All the three diagrams must be drawn. Placentations: ❖ Placentation is the arrangement of the ovules on ovary wall ❖ Placentations may be Marginal, Axile, Parietal, Free central or Basal. Fruits: ❖ Fleshy fruits are Berry, Pepo, Pome, Hesperidium, Drupe. ❖ What type of gynoecium is involved in different fruits is important to mention in the exam. Diagram alone is not sufficient. 14. Axile placentation is present in: 1) Argemone 2) Dianthus 3) Lemon 4) Pea 15. Among china rose, mustard, brinjal, potato, guava,cucumber, onion and tulip, how many plants have superior ovary? 1) Four 2) Five 3) Six 4) Three 16. Roots play insignificant role in absorption of water in: 1) Wheat 2) Sunflower 3) Pistia 4) Pea KEY 1) 1 6) 4

2) 1 7) 1

4) 4 5) 3 9) 4 10) 4 11) 4 12) 3 13) 1 14) 3 15) 3 16) 3

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