Bibilinte daiveekatha by മലയാളി

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Fw.Fw. AIv_¿

\n®v Hm-^v {SqØv

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Cu temIØns\mcp {kjvSmhp≠v˛ Poh≥ \¬In hmbphpw sh≈hpw kuIcys∏SpØn `qansb PohnXtbmKyam°nb ]caImcpWnI\mb {kjvSmhv. \mw ChnsS Fßs\ Pohn°Wsa∂pw Cu PohnXØns≥d ]cae£yw Fs¥∂pw ZqX∑m¿ aptJ\ {kjvSmhv \sΩ ]Tn∏n®p. \ΩpsS PohnXØns≥d IW°v acWtijw \mw {kjvSmhns≥d apºn¬ t_m[n∏nt°≠nhcpw. A∂v ]pWyw sNbvXh\v \∑bpw ]m]w sNbvXh\v Xn∑bpw {]Xn^ew In´pw. AXn\m¬ {kjvSmhv Xs≥d ZqXcneqsS \¬Inb \n¿tZia\pkcn®v Pohn°pIbmWv a\pjys≥d c£mam¿Kw. biblinte daiveekatha vimarsanangal vasthuthakal (malayalam) author: m.m.akbar publishers: niche of truth kalabhavan road, cochin- 18 first edition : march 1998 revised second edition: november 2001 typesetting : creative media cover : yoonus printing: anaswara, cochin

price: rs. 100/-

\ap°v temI{kjvSmhv \¬Inb \n¿tZi kwlnXbmWv Jp¿B≥. aplΩZv \_nbneqsS Ah≥ B ktµiw a\pjy¿s°Øn®psImSpØp. CXdn™hcpw AdnbmØhcpw \ap°nSbn¬ D≠v . temIsc apgph≥ {kjv S mhns≥d ktµiadnbn°¬ AXdn™hcpsS _m[yXbmWv. AXn\mbn cq]oIrXamb Hcp {]kvYm\amWv "\n®v Hm^-v {SqØv'. \mYm, kXyaX ktµi{]NcWØn\p th≠nbp≈ hn\oXamsbmcp kwcw`amWnXv. \o G¬]n® DØchmZnØØns≥d \n¿hlWØn\p th≠nbp≈ Ffnb {iaw. CsXmcp {]Xn^em¿lamb {]h¿Ø\ambn kzoIcnt°Wta (Bao≥). UbdIvS¿

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

D≈S°w

hm-b-\-°v- ap-ºv.....1

F¥mWv ss__nƒ?

]gb \nbaw

XudmØpw k_qdpw

]pXnb \nbaw

tbip{InkvXphns≥d kphntijw

ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßfpsS Imt\m\oIcWw

ssZh\nthinX {KŸw

103

ss__nfpw imkv{Xhpw

113

ss__nfpw {]hN\ßfpw

131

ss__nfpw Ncn{Xhpw

145

ss__nfnse sshcp≤yßƒ

161

{]hmNI IYIƒ; blqZ ssIISØepIƒ

185

ss{IkvXhcpsS XncpØepIƒ

218

]q¿hthZßƒ: Jp¿B\ns≥d \ne]mSv

244

]-c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-s≥-d- \m-a-Øn¬.....]-cn-ip-≤- {]-hm-N-I-cm-b- tam-i,- Zm-ho-Zv,- tb-ip- F∂nh¿-°v- Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-ß-fm-bn- J-p¿-B≥]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ Xudm-Øpw- k-_q-dpw- C-©o-ep-am-WvC-∂v- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- ss_-_n-fn-ep-≈-sX-∂v- k-a¿-∞n-®va-p-kv-enw-I-sf- ss{I-kv-X-h-h¬-°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- FgpX- s ∏- ´ - ]p- k v - X - I - ß - f n- s e- hm- Z - a p- J - ß ƒ- ]- c n- t im- [ \m hnt[-b-am-°p-I-bpw- Jp¿-B\n-I- ]-cn-t{]-£y-Øn¬- \n∂psIm≠v- ss_-_n-fn-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-I-X-sb- ]-T-\-hn-t[-b-am°p-I-bpw- sNbv-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- "ss_-_n-fn-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-IX;hn-a¿-i-\-ßƒ,- h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ'- F-∂- {K-\v-Y-sa-gp-Xn-b-Xv.]q¿- ∆ - t h- Z - ß - s f- Aw- K o- I - c n- ° p- I bpw- B- Z - c n- ° p- I - b pwsNøp- ∂ - Jp¿- B ≥- kq- I v - X - ß - s f- k- µ ¿- ` - Ø n¬- \n∂v AS¿-Øn-am-‰n-bpw- h-f-s®m-Sn-®pw-sIm-≠v- c-Nn-°-s∏-´- ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-am-bn- kw-h-Zn-t°-≠n-h-∂-t∏mƒ- ss_-_nƒ- ]pkvX- I - ß - f p- s S- D- ≈ - S - ° - Ø n- t e- ° v - C- d - ß n- s ®- √ p- I - b pwAhsb- hkv-Xp\n-jv-T-am-b- k-a-{K-]-T-\-Øn-\v- hn-t[-b-am°p-I-bpw- sN-tø-≠n-h-∂-Xv- kzm-`m-hn-I-ambn-cp-∂p.- ss__n-fn-s≥-d- ssZ-h-\n-th-i-\-sa-∂- B-i-b-Øn-s≥-d- ISbv°vI- Ø n- s h- ° m≥- t]m- ∂ - h- k v - X p- X - I ƒ- \n- c - Ø n- s h- ® - X v -

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

BcpsS- s b- ¶ nepw- hn- I m- c - ß - s f {h- W - s ∏- S p- Ø - W - s a- ∂ e£y- t Øm- s S- b m- b n- c p- ∂ n- √ .- ]- c n- i p- ≤ - Jp¿- B - \ n¬]d™- Xu-dm-Øpw- C-©o-epw- k-_q-dp-sam-∂p-a-√- C-∂v\n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- ss_-_n-fn-ep-≈-sX-∂v- k-a¿-∞n-°p-hm-\pwA- ß - s \- Jp¿- B ≥- D- ] - t bm- K n- ® p- s Im- ≠ p- ≈ - an- j - \ - d n{]h¿- Ø - \ - s Ø- {]- X n- t cm- [ n- ° p- h m- \ pw- k- X ym- t \z- j nIƒ°v- bm-Ym¿-∞yw- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\pwth-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- "ss_-_n-fn-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-I-X'-bp-sS- cN\\n¿-∆-ln-®-Xv.- {]-kv-Xp-X- e-£yw- ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬B- ]p-kv-X-Iw- hn-P-bw- h-cn-®p-sh-∂p-X-s∂-bmWv- ]pkvXI-sØ- hn-e-bn-cp-Øn-s°m-≠v- h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂- I-ØpIfpw- B-\p-Im-en-I-ß-fn¬- h-∂- dn-hyq-I-fpw- hy-Iv-X-am°p-∂-Xv,- A¬-lwZp-en-√m-lv-.F-∂m¬,- an-j-\-dn-am¿- {]-kv-Xp-X- ]p-kv-X-I-sØ- hfsc-tb-sd- A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn-bm-Wv- I-≠-Xv.- AXvkzm-`m-hn-I-hp-am-bncp-∂p.- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬- {]-h¿-Øn°p- h m≥- th- ≠ n- am- { X- a m- b n- cq]o- I - c n- ° - s ∏- ´ - an- j - \ - d nkwL- S - \ - I - f p- ] - t bm- K n- ° p- ∂ - B- b p- [ - ß - f p- s S- aq¿- ® ]cntim-[n-°p-∂- c-N-\-sb- kzm-K-Xw- sN-øm≥- A-h¿-°vI-gn-bn-√-t√m.- Jp¿-B-\n-s\-bpw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- (k-)-sbbpw- sX-‰n-≤-cn-∏n-®pw- Jp¿-B≥- h-N-\-ß-sf-bpw- l-Zo-kpI-sf-bpw- h-f-s®m-Sn-®pw- ss{I-kv-X-h- {]-N-c-Ww- \-S-Øp∂k-{º-Zm-bw- ]-Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fm-bn- tI-c-f-Øn¬- Xp-S¿-∂p-h∂n-´pw- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬-\n-∂v- A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-tbmSp-Iq-Sn-b- {]-Xn-I-c-W-ß-sfm-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-´n-s√-∂-Xv- {i-t≤b-am-Wv.- h-{I-hpw- h-©-\m-Xv-a-I-hp-am-b- am¿-K-ß-fp-]-tbmKn-®v- a-X-{]-t_m-[-\w- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv- C-kv-em-an-I- {]-am-Wßƒ- {]-Im-cw- ]m-]-am-sW-∂n-cn-s°,- an-j-\-dn-am-cp-sS- ]mXkzo-I-cn-°p-hm≥- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- A-i-Iv-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pth-Ww- ]-d-bp-hm≥.- F-∂m¬- kv-t\-l-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- k-lnjv - W p- X - b p- s S- b pw- aq¿- Ø - c q- ] - a m- b n- kz- b w- ]- c n- N - b - s ∏SpØp- ∂ - an- j - \ - d n- a m¿- ss_- _ n- f n- s ≥- d - ssZ- h n- I - X - s b-

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

am-\y-hpw- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-hp-am-bn- tNm-Zyw- sN-øp-∂- H-cpIr-Xn-tbm-Sv- Xo-sc- k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bn-√m-sX-bm-Wv- {]-Xn-Icn-®-Xv.- ss{I-kv-X-h-cm-b- km-[m-c-W-°m-sc- cN-bn-Xm-hns\-Xn-cn¬- C-f-°n-hn-Sp-∂- co-Xn-bn¬- {]-kw-Kn-°p-I-bpw]pkv - X - I - ß - f pw- e- L p- t e- J - I - f p- a n- d - ° p- I - b pw- sN- b v - X psIm≠v- {]-Xn-I-cn-°m-\m-Wv- Nn-e- an-j-\-dn- kp-lr-Øp-°ƒ[r-jv-S-cm-b-Xv.- ss{I-kv-X-h- k-aq-l-Øn¬- Xo-sc- th-cv- ]nSn°m≥- km-[n-°m-Ø- Nn-e- {]-kv-Ym-\-ß-fm-I-s´,- "ss_-_nfn-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-I-X'- D-b¿-Øn-°m-Wn-®v- {In-kv-Xp-a-Xw- A]I-S-Øn-em-sW-∂pw- {]-kv-Xp-X- A-]-I-S-Øn¬-\n-∂v- k-`-sbc-£n-°p-∂- an-in-l-am¿- X-ß-fm-sW-∂pw- h-cp-Øn-Øo¿-Øv{In-kv-Xy≥- km-[m-c-W-°m-cp-sS- lr-Z-b-Øn¬- IqSp-sI-´phm-\p-≈- {i-a-Øn-\p-≈- B-bp-[-am-bm-Wv- C-Xn-s\- D-]-tbmK-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.A-h-cn¬- Nn-e¿- {In-kv-Xp-a-X-sØ- {]-Xn-tcm-[n-°m\mbn- kw-L-S-\-bp-≠m-°p-I-bpw- hn-izm-k- kw-c-£-W-Øns\-∂- t]-cn¬- Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-\v- a-dp-]-Sn-Iƒ- {]-kn-≤oI-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- a-dp-]-Sn-bm-bn- ]p-d-Øn-d-ßn-b- ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-sS- D-≈-S-°-Øn-eq-sS- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂- G-sXmcmƒ-°pw- A-h-bn¬- D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂- `m-j-bp-sS- am\yX-sb-bpw- B-i-b-ß-fp-sS- sI-´p-d-∏n-s\-bpw- Ip-dn-®v- kp-Xcmw- t_m-[y-am-hpw.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- {]-kv-Xp-X- ]p-kvX-I-ß-fpw- H-∏w- Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-hpw-sh-®v- hm-bn-°-W-sa∂vam-{X-sa- k-Xym-t\z-j-I-tcm-Sv- \-ap-°v- A-`y¿-∞n-°p-hm\p≈q."ss_-_n-fn-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-I-X'-°v- F-gp-X-s∏-´- a-dp-]Sn-Iƒ- ]-cn-tim-[n-®v- Cu- hn-j-b-kw-_v-[n-bm-bn- A-h-bn¬D-∂-bn-°-s∏-´- hm-Z-ßƒ-°v- I-q-Sn-bp-≈- {]-Xn-I-c-W-sa-∂\n-e-bv-°m-Wv- Cu- c-≠mw- ]-Xn-∏v- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.]-g-b- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-en-√m-Ø- Ip-sd-b-[n-Iw- B-i-b-ßƒIq-Sn- C-Xn¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.- Hm-tcm- hn-j-b-Øn-ep-

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ap- ≈ - {]- X n- h m- Z - ß ƒ- I q- S n- Dƒ- s °m- ≠ p- s Im- ≠ m- W v CXns≥d- c-N-\- \n¿-h-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- Nn-e- ]p-Xn-b- A[ym-b-ß-fp-ap-≠v.- k-Xym-t\z-j-I¿-°v- Iq-Sp-X¬- D-]-Im-cs∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n-bm-Wv- C-sX-√mw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.]c-º-cm-K-X-am-bn- X-ßƒ- hn-iz-kn-®p-t]m-cp-∂- Im-cy-ßsf√mw- i-cn-bm-sW-∂v- I-Æ-S-®v- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h-sc-tbmA-h-cp-sS- A-\v-[-X-sb- Np-j-Ww- sN-bv-Xv- X-ß-fp-sS- Xm¬]-cy-Øn-\v- D-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h-sc-tbm- A-√,- k-Xymt\z-jn-I-fpw Im-cyw- a-\- n-em-bm¬- Dƒ-s°m-≈m≥- k-∂≤- c m- I p- ∂ - h - c p- a m- b - k- l r- Z - b - s c- b m- W v - Cu- ]p- k v - X - I we£y-am-°p-∂-sX-∂v- D-W¿-Øp-I-bm-Wv.-

H∂v " ]p - k v - X I ß ƒ '

C-sX-gp-Xp-hm≥- A-\p-{K-ln-®- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- kv-Xp-Xn.C-Xn-s≥-d- B-Zy-]-Xn-∏v- ]-cn-tim-[n-®v- t`-Z-K-Xn-Iƒ- \n¿-tZin-®-Xv- sI.-F≥.-Fw.- P-\-d¬- sk-{I-´-dn- F.-]n.- A-_v-Zp¬Jm-Zn¿- au-e-hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- Zo-\n- {]-h¿-Ø-\-cw-K-Øv- IqSpX¬- i-Iv-X-am-bn- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-hm≥- A-t±-l-sØ- A-√mlpA-\p-{K-ln-°-s´- (B-ao≥-)\mYm.....- C-sXm-cp- {]-Xn-^-em¿-l-am-b- {]-h¿-Ø-\am-bn- kzo-I-cn-t°-W-ta- (B-ao≥)-

Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_¿-

F¥m-Wvss__nƒ?-

F∂vA¿Yw- hcp-∂ "_n-ªn-b'(biblia) sb∂ {Ko-°v-/em-‰n≥- ]ZØn¬\n- ∂ m- W v - "ss__nƒ'- ( bible) hyp¬- ] ∂am- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ Xv . - ]p- c m- X \ {^©v - `m- j bn¬- \n- ∂ m- W v C•ojn te°v- Cu- ]Zw- IS∂p-h∂Xv.- _n-ªn-bbp-sS GIhN\cq]amWv- "_n-ªn-tbm¨'- (biblion).- "]p-kv-XIw'- F∂¿-Yw.- CXv- _ntªmkv- (biblos) F∂ ]ZØns≥-d {lkz-cq-]am-Wv- (dimunitive form).]p-cm-X\ ^n-\o-jy-bnse Hcp- Xp-dap-J ]´WØn-s≥-d t]cm-Wn-Xv._ntªm- k p- I m¿- "]m- ∏ n- d kv ' - \n¿- a m- W Øn¬- hn- Z Kv - [ cm- b n- c p- ∂ p.ISemkv- I≠p-]n-Sn-°s∏ń-ń-√m-Xn-cp-∂ Im-eØv- Fgp-Xm≥- D]tbmKn-°s∏ń-cp-∂ ]m-∏n-dkv- ]m-fn-Iƒ- hnhn[ kv-Yeßfn-te°v- Ib‰nAb®n-cp-∂Xv- _n-tªm-kn¬-\n-∂m-bn-cp-∂Xn-\m¬- AXv- B \mSn-s≥d t]cn¬- Adn-bs∏´p-Xp-Sßn.- ]m-∏n-dkv- ]m-fn-Ifn¬- (_ntªmkv)- FgpXs∏´ enJn-Xßsf ]n-∂o-Sv- _n-ªn-tbm¨- F∂p- hn-fn-°s∏Sm≥Xp-Sßn.- ]pkv-XIßƒ- F∂p- am-{Xw- A¿-Yap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ ss__nƒF∂ ]ZØn\v- C∂v- D]tbm-Kn-°s∏Sp-∂ co-Xn-bn¬- ss{Ikv-Xh thZ{K\vYw- F∂ km-t¶Xn-Im¿-Yw- \¬-In-bXv- tIm¨-kv-‰n≥-dt\m∏n-fn-se ]m-{Xn-bm¿-°o-km-bn-cp-∂ (392˛404)- tPm¨- {In-tkm kv-‰amsW∂m-Wv- s]m-Xp-hm-b hn-izm-kw-.- \m-emw- \q‰m-≠n-¬- Po-hn-® hnip≤ sPtdmw- BWv- "ss__nƒ'- F∂ ]Zw- BZy-am-bn- D]tbmKn®sX∂pwA`n-{]m-bap≠v.11

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

1600˛¬-]cwkw-h¬-kcßƒ°p-≈n¬- \m¬-]Xn-e[n-Iw- {K\v-Y Imc∑m-cm-¬- hn-cNn-Xam-b Ip-td {K\v-Yßfp-sS Hcp- sse{_dn-bm-Wvss__n-ƒ- F∂v- ]dbp-∂Xm-hpw- icn.- Hcp- {K\v-Ysa∂Xn-ep-]cn-bmbnIp-sd-- ]p-kv-XIßfp-sS kap-®bam-WXv.- Ahsb Iq-ń-bn-W°p∂XvH∂c kl{km- _v - Z °m- e sØ C{kmtb¬- kap-Zm-bØn-s≥-d Hcp\JNn-{Xw- Ah \¬-Ip-∂p-s≠∂ hkv-Xp-Xbm-Wv.- Hcp-]m-Sv- {]hmNI ∑m-cm-¬- \bn-°s∏´ C{km-bo-ey-cp-sS hy-Xn-bm-\ßsfbpw- am¿K{`wisØbpw- kw-_\v-[n-® Hcp- GItZiNn-{Xhpw- Cu- ]pkvXIßƒ\¬-Ip-∂p-≠v.- ]Xn-\m-dp- \q-‰m-≠p- Im-eØn-\n-S°v- Hcp- kaq-lØn\p-≠m-b ]cn-Wm-asØ {]Xn-ên-∏n-°p-∂ Ir-Xn-sb∂ \n-ebv-°vss__n-fn-s\ hn-eaXn-°m-Ø \n-co-iz-chm-Zn-Iƒ- t]m-ep-ap-≠m-hn-√.F∂m¬,- AXv- ssZhn-Iam-sW∂pw- AXp- \¬-Ip-∂ hn-hcßƒ- Ip‰a‰ XmsW∂pw- hm-Zn-°s∏Sp-tºmƒ- X¿-°ßfpw- hm-Kzm-Zßfp-ap-≠m-hp∂p.ss__nƒ- ssZhhN\ßfm-Wv- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂sX∂Xv- s]m-Xphmb ss{Ikv-Xh hn-izm-kam-Wv.- F¶n-epw- ss__nƒ- cN\bn¬ssZhw- Fßs\bm-Wv- ]¶p- hln-®sX∂ hn-jbØn¬- hy-Xy-kvXßfm-b ho£m-KXn-Ifp-≠v.- ss__n-fn-se Hm-tcm- ]Zhpw- ]cn-ip≤mXv - a m- h v - ]d™p- s Im- S p- Ø v - Fgp- X n- b Xm- s W∂ ho- £ Wam- W Xn¬H∂m-atØXv.- ]Zm-\p-]Zam-b ssZh\n-thi\ (verbal inspiration) sa∂ tIs´gp-Øv- kn≤m-¥ (Dictation theory)Øn-s≥-d hIv-Xm-°fmWv^≠sa≥den-kv-‰p-Iƒ-'- F∂dn-bs∏Sp-∂Xv.- CXv- Hcp- kn-≤m-¥am-bnBhn-jv-Icn-°s∏ń-ń-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh¶nepw- Cu- ASp-Ø Im-ew- hsc km-[m-cW ss{Ikv-Xhcp-sS hn-iz-kw- CXp-Xs∂bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂XmWvhm-kv-Xhw.- {In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw- 393˛¬- \S∂ ln-t∏m- kp\ltZmkv- Aw-KoIcn-°p-Ibpw- 397˛¬- \S∂ Im¿-tØPv- kp\ltZm-kv- {]Jym-]n-°p Ibpw- 1546˛se sXt{¥mkv- kp-\ltZm-kv- Bh¿-Øn-®p-d∏n-°bpwsNbv-X ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßsf√mw- sX‰p-]‰m-Øhbpw- sZhmfla hn-cNn-Xhp-am-sW∂m-bn-cp-∂p- kÌsf√mw- {]t_m-[\w- sNbv-Xn-cp∂Xv.- ss__n-fn-se ]cm-a¿-ißsfm∂pw- sX‰p- ]‰m-Øhbm-sW∂ k`m-hn-iz-m-kam-Wv- temINcn-{XØn¬ Ccp-´p- ]cØn-b C≥-Izn-knj\p-Iƒ-°v- Im-cWam-bXv.- s__n-fn-se Nn-e ]cm-a¿-ißƒ-s°Xncm-Wv- Xßfp-sS I≠p-]n-Sp-Øßsf∂ Im-cWØm-em-Wt√m- Keoen12

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

tbm-hn-s\t∏m-sebp-≈ im-kv-{XPv-R∑m¿- k`bp-sS ]o-U\ßƒ-°v]m-{Xam-bXv.-

]p-Xn-b KthjWßƒH∂mw- tem- I alm- b p- ≤ Øn- \ p- tijw- \S∂ KthjWßƒss__n-fn-s≥-d ssZh\n-thi\sØ kw-_\v-[n-® Im-gv-N∏m-Sp-Isf km-cam-bn- _m-[n-®p. 1906˛¬- tlc≥- Kp-¶¬- D¬-]Øn,- k¶o¿-Ø\wXp-Sßn-b ]gb\n-ba ]p-kv-XIßsf ]T\ hn-t[bam-°n-s°m-≠v]p-ds∏Sp-hn-® A`n-{]m-b{]IS\ßfm-Wv- ]p-Xn-b \n-cq-]Wco-Xn-Iƒ°vAkv-Yn-hm-can-´Xv.- ss__nƒ- ]p-kv-XIßƒ- Fgp-Xs∏Sp-∂Xn\p- apºvD≠m-bn-cp-∂ Aen-Jn-Xhpw- en-Jn-Xhp-am-b ]m-cºcy-ßsfIq-Sn- ]T\ hn-t[bam-°n-sb¶n¬- am-{Xta {]kv-Xp-X ]p-kv-XIßƒ- \¬-Ip-∂ ktµisØ°p- d n®v - ]q¿- W am- b Xo- c p- a m- \ Øn- s eØm≥- Ign- b qsh∂mWv - Kp- ¶ ¬- A`n- { ]m- b s∏´Xv . - ]gb \n- b a ]p- k v - X IßƒhniIe\w- sNøm-\m-bn- At±lw- D]tbm-Kn-® co-Xn-bp-]tbmKn-®vUnt_en- b q- k v , - _pƒ- ´ v - a m≥- Xp- S ßn- b ss__nƒ- ]Wv - U n- X ∑m¿]pXnb \n-ba ]p-kv-XIßsf ]T\ hn-t[bam-°n.- ]p-Xnb \n-ba ]pkvXIßƒ- cq-]w- {]m-]n-°p-∂Xp- hsc BZn-a ss{Ikv-Xh kaq-lØns≥-d hm-sam-gn-bm-bn- \n-e\n-∂n-cp-∂ kphn-tij ]m-cºcy-ßsf°pdn-® Adn-hv- \¬-In-bXv- Cu- ]T\ßfm-Wv.- B¿.F®.v- sse‰v- ^q-´vF∂ Cw-•o-jv- ]Wv-Un-X≥- cq-]w- \¬-In-b cN\m- Ncn-{X \n-cq-]W co-Xn-bp-]tbm-Kn-®v- Kp-¥¿-t_m¨,- tImw-hn-√n- am¿-Iv-k¨,- lm≥kvsIm¨-km¬-am≥- F∂n-h¿- \SØn-b KthjWßƒ- BZna ss{IkvXh kaq-lØn¬- tbip-hn-s\ kw-_\v-[n-®v- \n-e\n-∂n-cp-∂ ]m-cºcyßfp- s S shdpw- kam- l m- c a√ kp- h n- t ijßƒ- F∂pw- Ahbp- s S cN\bn¬- kp-hn-tijI¿- bYm¿-Y {K\v-YI¿-Øm-°fm-sW∂p-ap-≈ hkv-Xp-X ]p-dØp-sIm-≠p-h∂p.- BZn-a ss{Ikv-Xh kaq-lØnse Aen- J n- X hpw- en- J n- X hp- a m- b ]m- c ºcy- ß sf D]tbm- K s∏Sp- Ø ns°m≠v- Xßfp-tSXm-b Im-gv-N∏m-Sn¬- A]{KYn-°p-Ibqw- AhXcn∏n-°p-Ibp-am-Wv kp-hn-tij I¿-Øm-°ƒ- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv- F∂ \n-Ka\Øn-emWv- ]T\w- \SØn-bhsc√mw- Ahkm-\am-bn- FØnt®¿-∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- Cu- \n-Ka\ßfp-sS ASn-kv-Ym-\Øn-em-Wv- C∂vss__nƒ- hym-Jym\w- ]ptcm-Kan-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv.13

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

]p-Xn-b KthjW^eßfp-sS shfn-®Øn¬- ss__n-fn-se ]p-kv XIßƒ- ssZh\n- t hin- X am- s W∂ ]cºcm- K X hn- i z- m - k sØ hymJym\n-°m≥- th≠n- ]m-Sp-s]´v- ]cn-{ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv ss{Ikv-Xh ]Wv-Un-X∑m¿.- \¬-Is∏Sp-∂ hym-Jym-\ßsf√mw- Zp-cqlXbp-w- {]iv\k¶o¿-WXIfpw- h¿-[n-∏n-°p-∂Xn-\m-Wv- \n-an-Øambn- s °m- ≠ n- c n- ° p∂Xv . - Hcp- h iØv - ss__nƒ- ssZh\n- t hinX- a msW∂ ]cºcm-KX hn-izm-kw-.- adp-`m-KØv- kw-`hßfp-sS hnhcWØn epw- a‰pw- hy-Xy-kv-X {K\v-YIm-c∑m¿- XΩn-ep-≈ sshcp-[y-ßfpw- Ncn{Xhp-am-bn- s]m-cpØs∏Sm-bv-abpw.- CXn-\n-Sbn¬-\n-∂p-sIm-≠v- ss__nfn-s\ kw-_\v-[n®v- A`n-{]m-b{]IS\w- \SØp-∂ ]Wv-UnX∑m-cp-sS hN\ßfn¬- Cu- {]bmkw- sXfn-™p- Im-Wp-∂p-sh∂XmWv hmkv-Xhw.B[p-\n-I ss__nƒ- ]Wv-Un-X∑m-cn¬- {]ap-J\m-b sdbv-sa≠v˛C˛{_u- ¨ - Fgp- X p- ∂ p: "ss__n- f n- s e Hm- t cm- hm- ° pw- a\p- j yIcßƒ-sIm-≠v- Fgp-Xs∏´XmWv.- ss__nƒ- ]m-cºcy-ßsf√mw- a\pjy-s≥-d Nn-¥bp-sS D¬-]∂ßft{X.- Fgp-Xn-b Bfn-s≥-d Po-hn-XØnep- ≠ m- b A¿- Y hpw- A\p- ` hhp- a m- W v - AXv - {]Xn- ^ en- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ Xv . hym]Im¿-YØn¬- thZ]p-kv-XIw- Hcp- Xcw- amw-k[m-cWam-sW∂v]dbm-w.- ssZhØn-s≥d \n¿-tZiw- a\p-jy-s≥-d hm-°p-Ifn-eq-sS \Ωn¬FØn-t®cp-∂p'1.- "a\pjy-\m-b {K\v-YIm-c\n-eq-sS ssZhw- kz-bw- shfns∏Sp-Øp-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p.-AXp-aq-ew,- ]t£,- {KŸcN\ am-\p-jn-I ]cnan-Xn-Ifn¬-\n-∂v- hn-ap-Iv-Xam-Ip-∂n-√.- ImcWw- a\p-jy¿- Fßs\tbmAßs\ Xs∂bm-Wv- sssZhw Ahsc Im-Wp-∂Xpw- Ahtcm-Sv- s]cpam-dp-∂Xpw'-2 aebm-fØn-se BZy-sØ ss__nƒ- hn-Pv-Rm-\tIm-iØn-s≥-d No^v- FUn-‰¿- dh.- tUm-Iv-S¿- am-Xyp- sh≈m-\n-°en-s‚-ho£Ww ImWpI: "ss__n-fn-s≥-d {]am-Zcm-ln-Xy-sØ°p-dn-®p- hn-[n- ]dbptºmƒ- AXns≥d ktµihpw B ktµiw- AhXcn-∏n-°p-∂Xn-\vD]IcWßfm- b n- Ø ocp∂ hkv - X p- X Ifpw- XΩn- e p- ≈ hy- X ym- k wa\ nem-t°≠Xp-≠v.- ktµiw- ssZhn-Iam-Wv.- AXv- ssZhØn-s≥d {]am-Zcm-ln-Xy-Øn¬- Dƒs∏Sp-∂Xp-am-bn-cn-°mw.- F∂m¬,- AXn-\vD]IcWßfm-b D]m-[n-Iƒ-°v- ktµiØn-s≥-d {]am-Zcm-ln-Xy-sØ 1. Reymond-E-Brown: Responses to 101 Questions on the bible, Page29 2. Ibid Page 30.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

l\n-°m-Ø hn-[Øn-ep-≈ {]am-Zcmln-Xy-ta I¬-]n-t°≠Xp-≈q.a\p-jy-c£°v-th≠n- ssZhw- \¬-Im≥- Dt±in-°p-∂ ktµiØn-\pam-{Xsa {]am-Zcm-ln-Xy-ap-≈q.- AXn-\p-]IcWam-bn-Øo-cp-∂ {]kvXmh\Iƒ- ° v - Bt]£n- I am- b Hcp- {]amZcm- l n- X y- t abp- ≈ q.- DZm lcWØn-\v- t\m-lns≥-d Im-esØ Pe{]fbw- ssZhØns≥-d \oXnsb°p-dn-®pw- Icp-Wsb°p-dn-®p-ap-≈ ktµiw- AhXcn-∏n-°p-∂Xn¬am-{Xw- {]amZclnXamWv. F∂m¬ AhnsS AhXcn∏n°s∏ Sp∂ hniZmwißfn¬ {]am-Zcm-ln-Xyw- D≠m-bn-s°m-≈Wsa∂n-√.1 tUm.- sI.- eq-°v- ]dbp∂Xv Cßs\bmWv-: "thZ{K\v-Yw- ssZh\n thin-Xam-Wv.- CXn-s≥-d A¿-Yw- ss__n-fn-eq-sS AhXcn-∏n-°p-∂ c£mIcktµiw- ssZhn- I hpw- A\yq- \ hp- a m- W v F∂m- W v . - AXpsIm≠v - ss__n- f n- s e Hm- t cm- {]kv - X m- h \bpw- hm- N ym¿- Y Øn¬ssZh\n-thin-Xam-bn- a\ n-em-°Wsa∂n-√' 2.{]KXv - ` ]Wv - U n- X \m- b tUm.- ssa°nƒ- Im- c n- a ‰Øns≥d A`n{]mbw t\m°pI: "B[p- \ n- I im- k v - { XØns≥- d bpw Ncn{X ]T\ßfp-sSbpw- a‰pw- Im-gv-N∏m-Sn¬-\n-∂p- t\m-°p-tºmƒ- ss__nfn-se Nn-e {]kv-Xm-h\Iƒ- sX‰m-bn- tXm-∂n-tb°mw.- im-kv-{Xtamtem-I Ncn-{Xtam- ]Tn-∏n°p-∂ Hcp- {K\v-Ya√,- c£m-Ic Ncn-{Xam-Wvss__nƒ- F∂ t_m-[y-tØmsS thWw- ss__n-fn-se ]T\ßsf kao-]n-°m≥.- Hm-tcm- ]p-kvXIhpw- Fgp-Xs∏´ Im-eØv- \n-ehn-en-cp∂ {]]©ho-£Whpw- km-ln-Xy- ssien-Ifpw- am-\p-jn-I {K\v-YImc∑m-sc kzm-[o-\n-®n-´p-≠v F∂ Imcyw- ad°m-hX√.- {K\v-YIm-c≥]Tn-∏n-°m≥- Dt±in-°p-∂ c£m-IckXyw- F¥v- F∂v- a\ n-em-°m\m-Wv- {ian-t°≠Xvv'3 ss__nƒ- ]T\ cw-KØv- Hcp-]m-Sp- Im-eam-bn- A\p-`hs∏´p-sIm≠n-cp-∂ k¶o-¿-Wam-b {]iv-\ßsf AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂Xn-\p- th≠nbm-Wv- Ccp-]Xmw- \q-‰m-≠n-se ss{Ikv-Xh ]Wv-Un-X∑m¿- thZ]p-kvXI ktµiØn-s≥-d A{]am-Zn-Xzw- F∂ Bibw- ap-t∂m-´p-sh®n-cn°p-∂Xv.- Cu- BibØn-s\Xn-sc ss{Ikv-Xh tem-IØv- \n-e\n¬1. ss__nƒ- hn-Pv-Rm-\tIm-iw- ]p-dw- 13,- 14 2. ^m.- t]mƒ- atdm-°n- (ed): aXhpw- im-kv-{Xhpw- ]p-dw- 3,- 4 3. ssa°nƒ- Im-cn-a‰w: hn-izm-kØn-s≥-d thcp-Iƒ- ]p-dw-: 30 15

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

°p- ∂ ^≠sa≥- d en- k v - ‰ v - ho- £ Ww- Aw- K o- I cn- ° p- I bm- s W¶n¬k¿hiIv-X\mb ssZhw- im-kv-{Xtam- Ncn-{Xtam- Adn-bm-Øh\pwsshcp[y- ß ƒ- ]dbp- ∂ h\p- a m- s W∂v - Aw- K o- I cn- t °≠n- h cpw.thZ{K\v-YØnse hkv-Xp-Xm- hn-hcWßfn¬- A_≤ßfp-s≠¶n¬AXn- s ≥- d ktµiØn¬- {]am- Z ap- ≠ m- I p- h m- \ p- ≈ km- [ y- X sb Fßs\ X≈n-°fbm≥- km-[n-°p-sa∂ {]iv-\w- ]p-Xn-b KthjI¿°vê{]Zam-bn- t\cn-Sm≥- Ign-™n-ń-√.- ItØm-en-°¿- k`bp-sS ]cnip≤m-Xv-a kz-m-[o-\Øn-s≥-dbpw- t]m-∏n-s≥-d A{]am-Zn-Xz-Øn-s≥-dbpwadIfn¬- \n- ∂ p- s Im- ≠ v - Cu {]iv \ sØ t\cnSm≥ {ian°p∂p. s{]m´kv ‰ ≥dpIƒ°mIs´ Cu- "adIƒ'- _m- [ Ia√m- Ø Xn- \ m¬]pXnb KthjW êßsf ap- g p- h \mbn- X≈n- ° fbp- I b√m- s X \nhr-Øn-bn-√.- ^≠sa≥-den-kv-‰p-IfpsS hm-Zap-Jßfn¬- A≈n-∏nSn- ® p- s Im- ≠ m- W v - ]et∏m- g pw- s{]m- ´ kv - ‰ ≥- d v - ]Wv U n- X ∑m¿- Cu{]iv\ßsf t\cn-Sm-dp-≈Xv.-

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

sfm-∂pw- ]gb\n-ba]p-kv-XIßfn¬- Im-Ws∏Sp-∂n-√.- ssZhssNX\yØn-s≥-d Bhm-kØm¬- Acp-f∏m-Sp-Iƒ- \SØn-b _n-sebm-an-s\bpw(kw-Jy- 24: 2˛4)-- iu-en-s\bpw- (1 imap-th¬- 10:8)- Ip-dn-® ]cm-a¿ißƒ]gb\n- b aØn- e p- ≠ v . - ssZhn- I ssNX\y- Ø m¬- {]hN\ßƒ\SØnbXm-bn- ]cm-a¿-in-°s∏Sp-∂ Cu- `m-Kßƒ- ssZhm-Xv-a{]tNmZn-Xambn- ]p-kv-XI cN\ \SØp-Isb∂ ssZh\n-thi\ XØz-Øn\vDt]m¬-_eIam-b- sXfn-hp-If√ \¬-Ip-∂Xv;- {]XypX, ssZhn-I shfn]m-Sv- F∂ BibØn-\p-≈ sXfn-hp-Ifm-Wv."shfn-]m-Sv'- F∂ Bibw- ssZh\n-thi\sa∂ ss{Ikv-Xh k¶¬ ]Øn¬-\n-∂v- Xn-I®pw- hy-Xn-cn-Iv-Xam-Wv.- a\p-jy¿-°v- Adn-bn-®p- sImSpt°≠Xm-b Im-cy-ßƒ- ssZhw- sXcs™Sp-°p-∂ {]hm-NI∑m¿-°vshfn-s∏Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂p.- Cu- shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ-°\p-kr-Xam-bn- Pohn°p-∂Xn-\v- P\ßsf kPv-Pam-°p-Ibm-Wv- {]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS tPm-en.]gb \n- b aØn- e p- S \o- f w- ssZhn- I shfn- ] m- S p- I f°p- d n- ® ]cma¿ißƒ- ImWm≥- Ign-bpw.-

ssZh\n-thi\hpw- shfn-]m-Spw]p-Xn-b kn-≤m-¥ßfp-sS shfn-®Øn¬,- ssZh\n-thi\w- - (inspiration),- shfn-]m-Sv- (revelation) Xp-Sßn-b k¶¬-]\ßƒ- XΩn-ep≈ A¥csa¥m-sW∂ N¿-® Gsd {]kIv-Xam-Wv."C≥-kv-]n-cm-jn-tbm'- (inspiratio) F∂ em-‰n≥- ]ZØn¬-\n-∂mWv- C≥-kv-]n-tcj≥- F∂ Cw-•o-jv- ]Zap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.- "sXtbm]v-s\hp-kv-tXm-kv- (theopnevustos) F∂ {Ko-°v- ]ZØn-s≥-d hn-h¿Ø\amWnXv.- "Du-X¬-'- F∂m-Wv- Cu- ]ZØn-s≥-d t\cn-´p-≈ A¿Yw.2.Xnsam3:16˛em-Wv- Cu- ]Zw- BZy-am-bn- {]Xy-£s∏Sp-∂Xv.- "hn-ip-≤ en-Jn-Xßsf√mw- ssZh\n-thin-Xam-Wv'F∂v- ]cn-`m-js∏Sp-Øs∏´ncn-°p∂ Cu- hN\w- sIm-≠v- ]u-tem-kv- F¥m-Wv- hn-h£n-®sX∂vIr-Xy-am-bn- ]dbm≥- Ignbn-√.- "{K\v-Yw- Fgp-Xp-∂Xn-\m-bn- sXcs™Sp°s∏´ hy-Iv-Xn-bn¬- ]cnip-≤m-Xv-am-hv- {]tXy-I hn-[Øn¬- Bhkn°p-Ibpw- {K\v-YcN\°m-bn- Abm-sf Hcp-°p-Ibpw- \n-c¥cw- {]tNmZn-∏n-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xp'-sh∂mWv- "ssZh\n-thin-Xw'- F∂ ]ZØn-\v\¬-Is∏Sp-∂ ss{Ikv-Xh hym-Jym\w.- CXn-\v- Xp-ey-am-b kt¶Xß 16

"Rm≥- t]m-Is´,- I¿-Øm-hv- Fs∂ kao-]n-t®°pw.- Ah≥ -F\n°pshfn-s∏Sp-Øp-∂sX√mw- Rm≥- \n-t∂m-Sv- ]dbmw-' (kw-Jy- 23:3)"\n- K q- V Imcy- ß sf√mw- \Ωp- s S ssZham- b I¿- Ø m- h n- ∂ p ≈XmIp-∂p.- F∂m¬- shfn-s∏Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈ Im-cy-ßsf√mw- \ap-°pw\ΩpsS k¥Xn-Iƒ-°w- F°m-et°°pw- D≈hbm-Ip-∂p(Bh¿Ø\w- 29:29)"F∂m¬-,- A∂p- cm-{Xn-Xs∂ \m-ZY-m-∂p- I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d Acpf∏mSv- D≠m-bn'- (2 im-ap-th¬- 7:4)ssZh\n- t hi\w- Hcp- k¶¬- ] w- am- { Xam- W v . - ]cn- i p- ≤ m- X v - a mhv \nhkn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- thZ{K\v-YØn-se ]p-kv-XIßƒ- cNn°s∏´ sX∂ tIhe hn-izm-kw- am-{Xw.- shfn-]m-Sm-Is´ Hcp- bm-Ym¿-Yy-am Wv.- {]hm-NI∑m¿-°v- ssZhw- t\cn-t´m- Xs≥-d Zq-X∑m¿- hgn-tbm- \¬Ip-∂ Acp-f∏m-Sm-WXv.- shfn-]m-Sn-\v- ss__n-fn¬- \n-dsb sXfn-hpIfp-≠v.- ssZh\n-thi\w- F∂ Bibam-Is´ sXfn-hp-Isfm-∂p-an√mØ tIhew- Hcp- hn-izm-kw- am-{Xam-Wv.17

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

aq-∂p-Xcw- t{km-X p-IƒHcp- {]hm- N Is≥- d Po- h n- X hp- a m- b n- _\v - [ s∏´ aq- ∂ p- Xcwt{kmX p-Isf Ckv-em-w- Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-∂p.H∂v-˛ {]hm-NI\p-≠m-b shfn-]m-Sp-Ifp-sS kam-lm-cwc≠v-˛{]hm-NIs≥-d hN\ßfpw- {]h¿-Ø\ßfpwaq-∂v-˛{]hm-NIs\°p-dn-®v- kaIm-en-Itcm- A√m-Øhtcm- Bb hyIv-Xn-Iƒ- tcJs∏Sp-Øn-bn-´p-ff Im-cy-ßƒ.CXn¬- H∂m-asØ hn-`m-KØn-em-Wv- thZ{K\v-Yw- Dƒ-s∏Sp-∂Xv.thZ{K\v-YØn¬- {]hm-NI\p-≠m-b shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ- am-{Xtabp-≠m-hq.shfn-]m-Sp-Ifn-se Hm-tcm- ]Zhpw- ssZhn-Iam-Wv.- Hcn-°epw- sX‰p ]‰mØ ]cm-a¿-ißfm-Wv- Ahbn-ep-≠m-hp-I.- {]hm-NI≥- kw-kmcn-°p-∂Xpw- {]h¿-Øn-°p-∂Xpw- ssZhn-I am¿-K\n¿-tZißƒ- A\pkcn-®m-sW¶nepw- AXp- hn-hcn-°p-∂ ]Zßƒ-°v- shfn-]m-Sp-Ifn-ep≈ ]Zßfp-sS A{]am-Zn-Xz-an-√.- AXn-se Bibßƒ-°p- am-{Xta {]amZcm-ln-Xy-ap-≈p.- {]hmNI Po-hn-XsØ°p-dn-®v- a‰p-≈h¿- Fgp-Xn-bn´p-≈ tcJIƒ-°v- Hcp- A¿-YØn-epw- A{]am-Zn-Xz-ahIm-is∏Sm-\mhn-√.- Ah Ncn-{XØn-s≥-d kXy-k\v-[X Af°m-\p-]tbm-Kn-°p-∂ am-\ZWv-Ußfp-]tbm-Kn-®v- ]cntim-[n-®Xn-\p-tijw- icn-bm-sW∂vt_m-[y-s∏Sp-∂ ]£w- am-{Xta kzoIcn-°s∏tS≠Xp-≈q.- Jp¿-B≥H∂m-asØ hn-`m-KØn-epw- lZokp-Iƒ c≠mw- hn-`m-KØn-epw- \_nNcn-Xßƒ- aq-∂mw- hn-`m-KØnepw- Dƒ-s∏Sp-∂p.-

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

hn-´v- Rm≥- \n-\°v- Im-Wn-®p-Xcp-∂ tZitØ°v- t]m-Ip-I.- \n-s∂ Rm≥- hen- s bm- c p- P\Xbm- ° pw; Rm≥- \n- s ∂ A\p- { Kln- ° bpw\ns≥d \maw- al\o- b am- ° p- I bpw- sNøpw.- Aßs\ \o- HcpA\p{Klam-bn-Øo-cpw'' (D¬-]Øn- 12:1,-2)c≠v-˛ ""A{_mw- `m-cy- km-dm-bn-tbm-Sv- ]d™p: "\o- kp-µcn-bmsW∂v- F\n-°dn-bmw.- Cu-Pn-]v-Xp-Im¿- \n-s∂ Im-Wp-tºmƒ- "ChƒAbm-fpsS `m-cy-bm-Wv'- F∂v- ]d™v- Fs∂ sIm-√p-Ibpw- \n-s∂ Po-ht\m-sS hnSp-Ibpw- sNøpw.- \o- \n-an-Øw- F\n-°v- \∑ hcm≥- \oFs≥-d ktlm-Zcn-bm-sW∂p- ]dbp-I.- \o- \n-an-Øw- Fs≥-d Poh≥c£n-°s∏Sp-Ibpw- sNøp-w-''(D¬-]Øn- 12:11˛13)aq- ∂ v - ˛ ""Aßs\ A{_mw- `m- c y- t bm- S pw- tem- Ø - n - t \m- S p- s am- ∏ wAbmƒ °p-≈sX√mw- FSp-Øv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn¬-\n-∂v- ]p-ds∏´v- s\sK_v tZitØ°p t]m-bn''- (D¬-]Øn- 13:1)ssZhn-I shfn-]m-Sp-Ifn¬-\n-∂pw- {]hm-NI hN\ßfn¬-\n-∂pwD≤cWn-Iƒ- kzo-Icn-®p-sIm-≠v- Iptd {K\v-YIm-c∑m¿- kzX{¥am-bncNn® Ir-Xn-Ifm-Wv- ss__nƒ- ]p-kv-XIßsf∂p-≈Xm-Wv- bmYm¿Yyw.{]hm-NI∑m¿-°v- ]S® Xºp-cm≥- AhXcn-∏n-® shfn-]m-Sp-Iƒ- am{XwDƒ-s°m-≈p-∂Xm-Wv- thZ{K\v-Yßsf∂ Jp¿-B\n-I ho£WØns≥d shfn-®Øn¬- ss__nƒ- Hcp- thZ{K\v-Yam-sW∂v- ]dbp-hm-\m-In-√.-

thZ{K\v-Yßƒ-; Jp¿-B\n-I ho-£Ww-

ss__n-fn¬- Cu- aq-∂v- XcØn-ep-ap≈ hm-Iy-ßfp-≠v.- ssZhn-I hN\ßsf∂ cq-]Øn¬- ss__nƒ- D≤cn-°p-∂ hm-Iy-ßfm-Wv- H∂m atØXv.- tbip-hS°w- ap≥- {]hm-NI∑m-cp-sS {]kv-Xm-h\Ifm-bn ss__nƒ- D≤cn-°p-∂ hm-Iy-ßƒ- c≠mw- hn-`m-KØn-epw- hy-Xy-kvX ]p-kv-XIßfp-sS I¿-Øm-°ƒ- Fgp-Xn-b Im-cy-ßƒ- aq-∂mw- hn-`mKØnepw- Dƒ-s∏Sp-∂p.- ss__n-fn-se {]Ya {K\v-Yamb D¬-]Øn]pkv - X IØn¬- \ n- ∂ v - Cu- aq- ∂ v - Xcw- hN\ßƒ- ° p- ≈ Hm- t cmDZmlcWßƒ- Im-Wp-I:

Hscm-‰ kap-Zm-bam-bn-cp-∂p- a\p-jy¿.- ssZhn-I am¿-KØn¬- \n-∂vhyXn-Nen-®Xn-\m¬- Ah¿- `n-∂n-°p-Ibpw- kw-L´\ßfn-te¿-s∏SpIbpw- sNøp-∂ Ahkv-Ybp-≠m-bn.- ssZhØn-s≥-d hn-[n-hn-e°p-Iƒ]m-en-°m-ØXn-\m¬- `n-∂n-®n-´p-≈ hn-jbßfn¬- hn-[n- I¬-]n-°p-∂Xn\m-bn- sZhw- {]hm-NI∑m-cn-eq-sS thZ{K\v-Yßƒ- AhXcn-∏n-®p.- kXyam¿-KØn¬-\n-∂v- AI∂p-t]m-bhsc B ]m-\v-Ym-hnte°v- Xn-cn-®psIm-≠p-h∂p-sIm-≠v- P\ßsf sFIy-s∏Sp-Øp-Ibm-bn-cp∂p- thZ {K\v-Yßfp-sS [¿-aw.- hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥- C°m-cyw- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂XvIm-Wp-I:

H∂v˛ ""I¿-Øm-hv- A{_m-an-t\m-Sv- Acpƒ- sNbv-Xp-; \o- \n-s≥-d tZisØbp-w- \n-s≥-d _\v[p-°sfbpw- \n-s≥-d ]n-Xr-`h\sØbpw-

"a\p-jy¿- Hscm-‰ kap-Zm-bam-bn-cp-∂p-.- A\¥cw- (Ah¿- `n-∂n-

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

®t∏mƒ- hn- i zm- k n- I ƒ- ° v - ) - kt¥m- j hm¿- Ø Adn- b n- ° m- \ pw(\ntj[nIƒ-°v-)-Xm-°o-Xv- \¬-Ip-hm-\p-am-bn- A√m-lp- {]hm-NI∑msc \n-tbm-Kn-®p.- Ah¿- (P\ßƒ-)- `n-∂n-® hn-jbØn¬- Xo¿-∏p-I¬-]n°phm-\m-bn- Ahcp-sS Iq-sS kXy-thZhpw- Ah≥- Ab®p-sIm-Sp-Øp'(hn.- Jp.- 2:213)-.F{X thZ{K\v-Yßƒ- BsI AhXcn-∏n-°s∏ń-´p-s≠∂v- Ir-Xyambn- \ap-°dn-bn-√.- GXm-\pw- thZ{K\v-Yßfp-sS \m-aßƒ- am-{XamWvAhkm-\sØ thZ{K\v-Yam-b Jp¿-B\n¬- ]cm-a¿-in-°s∏ń-cn-°p∂Xv.- aq-km (A)-°v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ Xu-dm-Øpw- Zm-hq-Zn- (A)-\vAhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ k_q-dpw- Cu-km- (A)-°v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ C≥Po-epw- ap-lΩZn (k)\v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ Jp-¿-B\p-am-Wh.- Cu- \m ep- thZ{K\v-Yßƒ-°p- ]pdsabpw- Fgp-Xs∏´ tcJIƒ- ssZhØn¬\n-∂v- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏ń-´p-s≠∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- \¬-Ip-∂ kq-N\."\n- ß ƒ- ]dbp- I : A√m- l p- h n- e pw- Ah¶¬- \ n- ∂ v - Rßƒ- ° v AhXcn-∏n-®p- In-ń-bXn-epw- C_v-dm-ln-an-\pw- Ckv-am-Cu-en-\pw- Ckvlm-Jn-\pw- bAvJq-_n-\pw- bAv-Jq-_v- k¥Xn-Iƒ-°pw- AhXcn-∏n-®psIm-Sp-ØXnepw- aq-km,- Cu-km- F∂n-h¿-°v- \¬-Is∏´Xn-epw- k¿-h {]hmNI∑m¿°pw- Ahcp- s S c£n- X m- ¶ ¬- \ n- ∂ v - \¬- I s∏´Xn- e pwRßƒ- hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p'.- (hn.-Jp.- 2:136)."Xu-dm-Øpw- C≥-Po-epw- Ah¿-°v- Ahcp-sS c£n-Xm-hn-¶¬-\n-∂vAhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ ktµißfpw- Ah¿- t\cmw-hÆw- \n-e\n¿-Øn-bncp-∂p-sh¶n¬- Xßfp-sS ap-Iƒ-`m-KØp-\n-∂pw- Im-ep-Ifp-sS Np-hń¬ \n-∂pw- Ah¿-°v- Blm-cw- e`n-°pam-bn-cp-∂p'.- (hn.-Jp.- 5:66)""Xo¿-®bm-bpw- CXv- BZy-sØ GSp-Ifn¬-Xs∂bp-≠v.- AXmbXvC_vdm-ln-an-s≥-dbpw- aq-km-bp-sSbpw- GSp-Ifn¬-'' (hn.-Jp: 87:18,-19)-. AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´ thZ{K\v-Yßfn-se√mw- hn-iz-kn-t°≠Xv- ap-kvenan- s ≥- d \n¿- _ \v - [ _m- [ y- X bm- W v . - ap- º v - AhXcn- ∏ n- ° s∏´ thZ{K\v - Y ßfn- t esX¶n- e pw- ssZhn- I as√∂v - hn- i z- k n- ° p- ∂ Xv A£¥hy-am-b A]cm-[am-bn-´m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xvv-.""kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I tf,- A√m- l p- h n- e pw- Ahs≥- d Zq- X \n- e pw,20

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Ahs≥d Zq-X∂v- Ah≥- AhXcn-∏-n-® {K\v-YØn-epw- Ah≥- ap-ºvAhXcn-∏n-® {K\vYØn-epw- \n-ßƒ- hn-iz-kn-°p-ho≥.- A√m-lp-hnepw- Ahs≥-d ae°p-Ifn-epw- Ahs≥-d {K\v-Yßfn-epw- Ahs≥-d ZqX∑m-cn-epw- A¥y-Zn-\Ønepw- h√h\pw- Ahn-iz-kn-°p-∂]£w- Xo¿®bm-bpw- Ah≥- _lp-Zq-cw- ]n-g®p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-'' (hn.-Jp.- 4:136)-

]q¿-h thZßfp-sS kXy-X Xu- d m- Ø n- s ≥- d bpw- k_q- d n- s ≥- d bpw- C≥- P o- e n- s ≥- d bpw- kXyXbv°v- Jp¿-B≥- km-£yw- hln-°p-∂p-≠v."Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \mw- Xs∂bm-Wv- Xu-dm-Øv- AhXcn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.AXn¬- am¿-KZ¿-i\hpw- {]Im-ihp-ap-≠v '.- (hn.-Jp.- 5:44)"aq-kbv-°pw- lm-dq-\pw- kXym-kXy- hn-thN\Øn-\p-≈ {]am-Whpw{]Im-ihpw- [¿-a\n-jv-T ]p-e¿-Øp-∂h¿-°p≈ DXv-t_m-[\hpw- \mw\¬-In-bn-´p-≠v.- (hn.-Jp.- 21:48)"Zm-hq-Zn-\v- \mw- k_q¿- F∂ thZw- \¬-Ip-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p∂p'.(hn.-Jp.- 17:55)"AhscØp-S¿-∂v- Ahcp-sS Im¬-]m-Sp-Ifn-em-bn-s°m-≠v- adn-bans≥d aI≥- Cu-km-sb Xs≥-d ap-ºn-ep-≈ Xu-dm-Øn-s\ icn-sh°p∂h\m-bn-s°m-≠v- \mw- \n-tbm-Kn-®p.- k∑m¿-K \n¿-tZihpw- kXy{]Im-ihp-aSßnb C≥-Po-epw- \mw- At±lØn-\v- \¬-In.- AXn-s≥-d ap- º n- e p- ≈ Xu- d m- Ø n- s \ icn- s h°p- ∂ Xpw- kq- £ v - a X ]m- e n- ° p∂h¿°v- am¿-KZ¿-i\hpw- kZp-]tZihp-at{X AXv'- (hn.-Jp.-5:46)hn-ip-≤ Jp¿-B≥- AhXcn-∏n-°s∏´Xp-t]m-se ssZhn-It_m-[\whgn- {]hm- N I∑m¿- ° v - AhXcn- ∏ n- ° s∏´hbm- W v - ap≥- t hZßfpsa∂mWv- Jp¿-B≥- ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv."Ah≥- Cu- thZ{K\v-YsØ ap≥-thZßsf icn-sh°p-∂Xm-bns°m≠v - kXy- h p- a m- b n- \n- \ °v - AhXcn- ∏ n- ® p- X ∂n- c n- ° p- ∂ p.- a\pjy¿°v- am¿-KZ¿-i\Øn-\m-bn- CXn-\p-ap-ºv- Ah≥- Xu-dm-Øpw- C≥Po-epw-AhXcn-∏ n-® p.- kXy-m -kXy- hn-thN\Øn-\p≈ {]am-WhpwAh≥- AhXcn-∏n®n-cn-°p-∂p'.- (hn.-Jp.- 3:3,-4)21

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Cu- kq-Iv-Xßfn¬-\n-∂v- ap≥-thZßsf kw-_\v-[n-® Jp¿-B\nI \n-e]m-Sv- kv-]jv-Sam-bn- \ap-°v- e`y-am-Ip-∂p.- AXn-ßs\bm-Wv-: ]S® Xºp-cm≥- Ahs≥-d {]hm-NI∑m-cn-eq-sS AhXcn-∏n-® ktµißfp sS kam-lm-cam-Wv- thZ{K\v-Yßƒ.- thZ{K\v-Yßfn-se Hm-tcm- ]ZhpwBibhpw- ssZhn- I am- b n- c n- ° pw.- {]hm- N Is≥- d PohNcn- { XtamD]tZißtfm- A√,- {kjv- S m- h n- ¬ - \ n- ∂ v- {]hm- N I\p- e`n- ® ktµißfm-bn-cn-°pw thZ{K\v-YØn-s≥-d D≈S°w.ssZhn-I- {K\v-Yßsf°p-dn-® Jp¿-B\n-I ]cm-a¿-ißfp-sS shfn®Øn¬- ss__nƒ- ]gb\n-baØn-sebpw- ]p-Xn-b \n-baØn-sebpw]pkv-XIßƒ- ]cn-tim-[n-°s∏SWw.- Ah ssZhn-Isa∂v- hnfn-°s∏Sphm≥- F¥p- am-{Xw- A¿-lam-sW∂v- At∏mgm-Wv- a\ n-em-hpI.-

c≠vss{Ikv-Xh

]gb \n-baw--

ss__n-fns≥-d \m-en¬- aq-∂p- `m-Khpw- ]gb \n-baw- F∂ t]cn-em-Wv- Adn-b s∏Sp-∂Xv.- {In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw- 160˛\pw230˛\p-an-S°v- Po-hn-® sX¿-Øp-ey-\m-Wv- {]m-Kv- ss{Ikv-Xh {K\v-Yßsf s]m-Xp-hm-bn- ]gb\n-baw- F∂p- hn-fn-®sX∂v- Icp-Xs∏Sp-∂p.- ]gb\nba ]p-kv-XIßfp-sS FÆw- F{Xbm-sW∂ hn-jbØn¬- GIo-IcWap-≠m°m≥- hy-Xy-kv-X ss{Ikv-Xh kÌƒ-°v- Ct∏m-gpw- Ign-™n-ń-√.- s]m´kv-‰≥-dv- ss__n-fn¬- ]gb\n-ba ]p-kv-XIßfm-bn- sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂Xv- ap-∏Øn-HºXv- ]p-kv-XIßfm-Wv.- ImtØm-en-°cm-hs´ Cu- ap-∏ØnHºXv- ]p-kv-XIßsf°q-Sm-sX Ggp- ]p-kv-XIßfpw- Nn-e ]p-kv-XI`mKßfpw-Iq-Sn- ]gb\n-baØn-¬- Dƒ-s°m-≈n-®ncn-°p-∂p.- Cu- ]p-kv XIßfpw- `m-Kßfpw- {]m-No-\ ln-{_p- ssIsbgp-Øp-{]Xn-Ifn¬- ImWs∏Sp-∂n-√ F∂Xm-Wv- AXv- ss__n-fn-s≥-d `m-Kam-bn- Aw-Ko-Icn°p-∂Xn¬-\n-∂v- s{]m-´kv‰ - ≥-dv- kÌsf XS™p-\n¿-Øp-∂ Im-cyw.- Ah¿Chsb At∏m-{In-^m- {K\v-Yßƒ- F∂m-Wv- hn-fn-°p-∂Xv.- {In-kv-Xp-hn\p- ap-ºv- ]ekv-Xo-\n-\v- ]p-dØp- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂ blq-Z∑m¿- ln-{_p-hn¬\n-∂v- {Ko-°v- `m-jbn-te°v- ]cn-`m-js∏Sp-Øn-b AXn-]p-cm-X\ sk]v-‰nP≥-dv- ss__nƒ- tIm-∏n-bn¬- Cu- ]p-kv-XIßfpw- ]p-kv-XI`m-KßfpwIm-Ws∏Sp-∂psh∂Xn-\m¬- Ch ssZhn-Iam-sW∂pw- thZ]p-kv-XIØns≥-d `m-Kam-sW∂p-am-Wv- ItØm-en-°m- k`bp-sS ]£w. -blq-Z∑m-cpw- ss{Ikv-Xhcpw- s]m-Xp-hm-bn- Aw-Ko-Icn-°p-∂Xv- ]gb

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

\n-baØn-se ap∏Øn-HºXv- ]p-kv-XIßsfbm-Wv.- ss{Ikv-Xh ss__nfn¬- Chsb√mw- H∂n-®m-Wv- kam-lcn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv.- F∂m¬,- blq-Z∑m¿Cu- {K\v-Yßsf aq-∂m-bn- Xcw-Xn-cn-®m-Wv- a\ n-em-°p∂Xv.- Ah¿thZ{K\v-Yßfm-bn- a\ n-em-°p-∂ Chsb aq-∂m-bn-Øs∂bm-Wv- kamlcn-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv.- tXm-d (Torah),- \_n-bow- (Nabiim),sI-Øp-_nw (Ktubim) F∂n-ßs\bm-Wv- Cu- kam-lm-cßƒ- Adn-bs∏Sp∂Xv.-

tXm-dm"tXm-dm- F∂ ln-{_p- ]ZØn-s≥-d kmcw- A[ym-]\w,- \n¿-tZiwFs∂m-s°bm-Wv.- Cu- ]ZsØ ]p-cm-X\ blq-Z bh\ ]cn-`m-jbm-b sk]v-‰P≥-dn¬- \n-baw- F∂v- A¿-Yw- hcp-∂ t\m-tam-kv- (nomos) F∂mWv- `m-jm-¥cw- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv.- AXn-\p-tijw- Cu- ]Zw- \nbawF∂m-Wv- s]m-Xp-hm-bn- ]cn-`m-js∏Sp-Øs∏Sp-∂Xv.A©p- ]p-kv-XIßfm-Wv- tXm-dbn¬- D≈Xm-bn- blq-Z∑m¿- IW°m °p-∂Xv.- ]p-cm-X\ ln-{_p- ss__n-fn¬- {]kv-Xp-X ]p-kv-XIßƒ-°v\¬-In-bn-cn-°p-∂ t]cp-Iƒ- ]gb\n-baØn-se ]© ]p-kv-XIßfp-sS t]cp-Ifn¬-\n-∂v- Xn-I®pw hy-Xy-kv-Xam-Wv.- ]©]p-kv-XIßƒ-°v(pentateuch) Ct∏mƒ- \¬-Ip-∂ \m-aßƒ- sk]v-‰n-P≥-dv- bh\ ]cn-`mjbn¬- D]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂ t]cp-Ifp-sS ASn-kv-Ym-\Øn-em-Wv.- ln{_pss__n-fn¬- ]©]p-kv-XIßƒ-°p- \¬-Is∏´n-cn-°p-∂ t]cp-Ifp-sS Cw-•o-jv- ]cm-h¿-Ø\hpw- Ahbp-sS A¿Yhpw- sk]v-‰n-P≥-dv- ]cn-`mj bn¬- \¬-Is∏´ \m-aßfpw- Xm-sgs°m-Sp-°p-∂p.ln-{_p

A¿-Yw

sk]v-‰n-P≥-dv

aebm-fw

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

]©]p-kv-XI I¿-Øm-hv]©]p-kv-XIßƒ- sam-si {]hm-NI≥- Fgp-Xn-bXm-sW∂m-Wvblq- Z ]m- c ºcyw.- s]m- X p- h m- b ss{Ikv - X hn- i zm- k hpw - A ßs\ Xs∂bm-bn-cp-∂p.- F∂m¬,- ]Xn-\©m-w- \q-‰m-≠p- ap-X¬ ss__nƒ]T\Øn-ep-≠m-b ]p-tcm-KXn- Cu- ]m-cºcy-hn-izm-kØn-\v- tIm-´wX´n- ° p- h m- \ m- c w- ` n- ® p.- ]©]p- k v - X Ißfp- s S D≈S°hpw- `m- j mssien-bp-sa√mw- hn-iZam-b ]T\ßƒ-°v- hn-t[bam-bn.- C∂v- \ap°ve`y-am-b cq-]Øn¬- ]©{K\v-Yw- ap-gp-h≥- tam-sitbm- at‰sX¶n-epsam-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-tbm- Fgp-Xn-bXm-bn-cn-°p-hm≥- bm-sXm-cp- km-[y-Xbpan-s√∂m-bn-cp-∂p -]Tn-Xm-°fp-sS ]£w.- CXn-\v- Dt]m¬-_eIam-bnNq-≠n-°m-Wn-°s∏´ ASn-kv-Ym-\hm-Zßƒ- Xm-sg ]dbp-∂hbm-Wv.1.- hn-hcßfn-epw- \n-btam-]tZißfn-epw- {Ia`w-Kw- t\cn-´n-cn-°p∂p.DZm-: D¬-]Øn- 4:26=-5:1,- 19:38=-20:1.- c≠p- Xp-S¿-°YIƒ- GtIm-]n-®n-cn°p-∂ {]Xo-Xn-bm-Wv- BZy A[ym-bßƒ- hm-bn-°p-tºmƒA\p`hs∏Sp-I.- (1:1˛2: 4a+5:1ap-;2:4˛4:26)-.2.-km-ln-Xy- cq-]w- ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ- ]Zhn-\ym-k{IaØn-epwssieo-{]tbm-Kßfn-epw- KWy-am-b am-‰ßƒ- Im-Wp-∂p.3.ssZh\m-aØn-\v- "bm-lv-th'- "Gtem-low'- F∂o- ]Zßƒ- {]Xy£ Im-cWßsfm-∂pw- Iq-Sm-sX CSIe¿-Øn- D]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.4.- ] e `m- K Øpw- Bh¿- Ø \ßƒ- Im- W p- ∂ p- (DZm: D¬- ] Øn1:1˛2:4 =2:4b-25;12:10=20:1---- - ˛18=26:1˛--11).

-1. Bereshith

BZn-bn¬

Genesis

D¬-]Øn-

2. W`elleh-Shmoth

Chbm-Wvt]cp-Iƒ-

Exodos

]p-d∏m-Sv-

3. Wayigra

ssZhw- hn-fn-®p

-Leutikon

tehy¿

5.tam-ibp-sS acWw- (Bh¿-Ø\w-34:5-˛12),- k¬-Kp-Wßƒ- (kwJy12:3)- Xp-Sßn-b Ahn-iz-k\o-b {]kv-Xm-h\Ifpw- ]q¿-hm-]-c hn-cp-≤ {]Xn-]m-Z\ßfpw-]©{KŸw Dƒs°m≈p∂p. (DZm-: D¬-]Øn- 6:19 ˛ -20 x7:2˛-3;4x7:24x8:13x8:14;37:25x28x36x39:1;15:3x16=(5022-23)x ]pd∏m-Sv- 12:40; ]p-d∏m-Sv- 2:18x3:1, 4:18xkw-Jy- 10:29 \ym-b 1:16)-1

4. Bammidbar

acp-`q-an-bn¬

Arithmoi

kw-Jy-

Cu- {]iv-\ßfp-sS shfn-®Øn¬- ]©]p-kv-XIßfp-sS cNbn-Xmhv-

5. Elleh hadabarim

Chbm-Wvhm-°p-Iƒ-

Deuteronomion

Bh¿-Ø\w-

1.(tUm.- tPm-k^v- tIm-´bv-°¬-: ss__nƒ- {]iv-\ßƒ- ]p-dw- 23)25

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Hcp- hy-Iv-Xn-bs√∂ \n-Ka\Øn¬- ]Xn-\m-dmw- \q-‰m-≠p- ap-X¬-°pXs∂ ss__nƒ- ]Wv-Un-X∑m¿- FØn-t®¿-∂n-cp-∂p.- 1520˛¬- Imd¬kv - ‰ Sv - ‰ v - ]©{K\v - Y Øn- s e tam- s ibp- s S Kp- W ßfpw acWhpw kw_\v [ n®p hnhcn°p∂- `mKßƒ tamsi FgpXnbXs√∂v {]kv X mhn®p. tamsi FgpXnb aqe_nµphn¬ \n∂v a‰mtcm hnIkn∏ns®SpØXmWv ]©{KŸsa∂v 1570¬ F.tamkv A`n{]m bs∏´p. tamsibpsS Ubdnbn¬ \n∂v a‰p≈h¿ cq]w \¬InbXmWv ]©{KŸsa∂ \nKa\ØnemWv 1623 ¬ tIm¿Wnenbkv Aem]nsZ FØnt®¿∂Xv. hnhn[ tcJIƒ ASnkvYm\s∏SpØn ]e¿ cq]w \¬InbXmWv ]©]pkvXIßsf∂v sska¨ (1678), Bkv{Sp°v (1753), Imd¬ C¬sK≥(1798), sKUUnkv (1792), hmsØ¿ (1802), am¿´n≥ Un.shs‰ (1805) XpSßnbhcpsS ]T\ßƒ kn≤m¥n®p. AhcpsS ]T\ßƒ hniZamb A]{KY\Øn\v hnt[bam°nb F®v . lp]v s - ^ ¬Uv \mepXcw tcJIfn¬ (Documents) \n∂mWv ]©]pkv X IßfpsS \n¿ΩnXnsb∂v hmZn®p. CXns≥d shfn® ØnemWv tcJmk¶¬]w (Documentary Hypothesis) F∂ C∂v s]mXpsh AwKoIcn°s∏Sp∂ kn≤m¥w DSseSpØXv . CuSp‰ teJ\ßfneqsSbpw imkv { Xob ka¿∞\ßfneqsSbpw tcJm k¶¬]sØ kvYm]n°pIbpw {]Ncn∏n°pIbpw sNbvX hyIvXnsb∂ \ne°v Pqenbkv sh¬luks≥d (1844˛1918) t]cmWv Cu kn≤m¥tØmsSm∏w {][m\ambn hyhlcn°s∏Sp∂Xv.

kwt_m[\ sNbv X ncn°p∂ `mKßfpƒs°m≈p∂ tcJbmWv bmlvhnkv‰v (Yahwist-J) F∂p ]dbp∂Xv. Cu tcJbpsS Bcw`w ]ekv X o\mbpsS sX°p`mKØv bq- Z mbpsS tKm{XØnemWv . CXns≥d DXv`hhpw hf¿®bpw _n.kn.]Ømw \q‰m≠p apX¬ 870 _n.kn hscbmsW∂p IW°m°s∏Sp∂p. CXn¬ krjvSn apX¬ blqZP\w CuPn]vXnse ASnaØØn\v tijw Im\m≥ tZiØp h∂Xphscbp≈ Ncn{XamWv {][m\ambpw D≈Xv. ]©{KŸØn¬ \n∂v bmlv h nkv ‰ v tcJ th¿Xncns®Sp°phm≥ sh¬luk≥ \n¿t±in®ncn°p∂ am¿Kßƒ ChbmWv : (1) ssZh\maØn\v "bmlvsh' F∂ ]ZamWv D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. (2) ssZhsØ∏‰n {]Xn]mZn°ptºmƒ am\pjnIamb cq]hpw {]IrXnbpamWv {KŸImcs≥d `mh\bnep≈Xv. (3) Ncn{Xßfpw hnhcWßfpamWv A[nI`mKhpw; \nbaßtfm I¬]\Itfm CXpƒs°m≈p∂n√. (4) `mjbpsS kz`mhw IY\coXnbpw \mSIobXbpamWv. (5) t]cpIfpsS ]Zhyp¬]Ønsb Ncn{X kw`hßtfmSv aX]cambn _\v[n∏n°p∂ {]hWXbpw Xn∑bmbn´p≈sXmgn®p≈ {]IrXnbn se {]Xn`mkßsf√mw ssZhØn¬ \n∂v DXv ` hn®XmsW∂v kvYm]n°m\p≈ {]hWXbpap≠v. Cu A©p ASnkvYm\ kz`mhß fpƒs°m≈p∂ hN\ßƒ ]©]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂v am‰nsh®m¬ bmlvhnkv‰v tcJ e`n°psa∂mWv sh¬luk≥ ka¿∞n®Xv.

]©{KŸßtfmsSm∏w tbmiphbpsS ]pkv X Ihpw tN¿Øv ss__nfnse BZysØ Bdp ]pkvXIßsf jUv{KŸ (Hexateuch) sa∂ Hcp bq\n‰mbn´mWv sh¬luk≥ ]cnKWn®Xv. ChbpsS kmlnXycq]hpw D≈S°hpw ]cntim[n®v Cu ]pkv X IßfpsS \n¿anXnsb kzm[o\n® tcJIsf°pdn®v kv]jvSamb ]e hkvXpXIfpw At±lw shfn®ØpsIm≠ph∂p. CXns≥d ASnkvYm\ØnemWv JEDP tcJm kn≤m¥w (JEDP Documentary Theory) {]m_eyØn¬ h∂Xv.

Ftemlnkv‰v tcJ

blvhnkv‰v tcJ ]©{KŸØn¬ 26

ssZhsØ

b m l v s h (Yahweh)

F∂p

ssZhsØ "Ftemlow' F∂p hnfn®ncn°p∂ `mKßfpƒ s°m≈p∂ tcJ°mWv Ftemlnkv‰v (Elohist-E) F∂p ]dbp∂Xv. _n.kn.HºXmw \q‰m≠p apX¬ 770 _n.kn. hscbp≈ Ime L´ØnemWv CXns≥d ]q¿ØoIcWw \S∂ncn°p∂Xv. ]ekv X o\mbpsS hS°p`mKØp≈ C{kmtb¬ cmPyØnemWv CXns≥d D¬`hw. Ftemlnkv‰v tcJbpsS {]tXyIXIƒ Xmsg ]dbp∂hbmWv. (1) ssZh\maØn\v "Ftemlnw' F∂ ]ZamWp] tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. (2) a\pjys≥d cq]tam {]IrXn hntijßtfm ssZhØn\n√. AhnSp∂v AZriy\pw A]cntab\pamWv . (3) A{_lmans≥d Ncn{Xw apX¬°p≈ kw`hßfmWv {][m\ 27

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

D≈S°w. (4) BJym\coXnbmWv Nn{XoIcWØn\v s]mXpsh D]tbmKn®n´p≈ kmlnXycq]w. (5) ]m]i¶bp≈nSsØ√mw \oXoIcWtam hniZoIcWtam \¬Ip∂p. ]©]pkv X IØn¬ \n∂v Cu khntijXIfp≈ hN\ßƒ th¿Xncns®SpØm¬ Ftemlnkv‰v tcJ e`n°psa∂mWv ]dbs∏Sp∂Xv.

Uypt{SmWankv‰v tcJ Bh¿Ø\ ]pkv X Iw H∂n®v Hcp tcJbmsW∂mWv sh¬ luk≥ ka¿∞n®Xv. Cu tcJ°v Uyq-t{SmWankv‰v (Deuteronomist-D) F∂v At±lw \maIcWw sNbvXp. CXv FgpXs∏´Xv GItZiw 650 _n. kn.bnemsW∂mWv ]WvUnXaXw. CXns≥d cN\bn¬ Hcp {K\vYImc\√msX IqSpX¬ t]¿ kzm[o\w sNepØnbncn°m\p≈ km[yX IpdhmWv. Bh¿Ø\]pkvXIØn\v ]pdØv Cu {K\vYImct≥dXmbn hfsc°pd®v hmNIßtf ImWs∏Sp∂p≈q. Pdpktew tZhmebØn¬ \n∂v ln¬°nb Hcp \nba{K\v Y w Is≠SpØpsh∂v c≠mw cmPm°∑mcn¬ (22:3˛10) ]dbp∂p≠v. CXv _n.kn. 621emWv kw`hn®n´p≈sX∂pw Uyqt{SmWankv‰v tcJbmbncp∂psh∂pamWv sh¬luks≥d hmZw. Cu tcJbpsS kz`mhßƒ Xmsg ]dbp∂hbmWv. (1) ssZh\maØn\v Ftemlnw F∂ kwPvRbmWv s]mXpsh D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. (2) Ncn{XsØ \nbaßfptSbpw ssZhmhnjv IcWØns≥dbpw Z¿∏Wambn´mWv {K\v Y Imc≥ Z¿in®ncn°p∂Xv . (3) {]kwKIs≥d ssienbpw ssNX\yhpamWv CXnse `mj°p≈Xv . (4) Ncn{Xw hniIe\w sNbvXv P\ßsf ssZhkvt\lsØ°pdn®v ]Tn∏n°pIbpw ssZhI¬]\Iƒ A\pkcn°phm≥ t{]cn∏n°pIbpw sNøpIbmWv {K\vYImcs≥d {][m\ Dt±iyw.

{]okv‰¿ tcJ Pdqkteanse ]ptcmlnX∑mcpsS Nn¥bpw {]t_m[\ßfpapƒ s°m≈p∂ tcJbmWv {]okv‰¿ (Priester -P). _n.kn. 530\pw 450\p anS°mWv Cu tcJ cq]w {]m]n®sX∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂p. tehycpsS ]pkvXIw GItZiw apgph\mbpw {]okv‰¿ tcJbnemWv 28

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Dƒs∏Sp∂Xv. Cu tcJsb a\ nem°m\pXIp∂ {]tXyIXIƒ ChbmWv. (1) ssZhsØ "Ftemlnw' F∂pw "F¬j±mbv' F∂pw hnfn®ncn°p∂p. (2) a‰p tcJIfnep≈ {]Xn]mZyßfpsS ssZhimkv{X]camb hymJym\ßfpw km∑m¿KnIamb \nbaßfpw Bcm[\m{IaßfpamWv CXns≥d D≈S°w. (3) BZw apXep≈ P\\- ˛ acW°W°pIƒ {IaoIcn®p Ncn{XsØ C{kmbo¬ P\hpambn _\v[n∏n°m\p≈ {]hWX kv]jvSamWv. (4) \nbaßfpsS _mlyamb A\pjvTm\ØnemWv hnip≤n kvYnXnsNøp∂sX∂ kqN\bmWv CXnep≈Xv. (5) tcJ IqSpX¬ XmXznIhpw {]Xn]mZ\coXn s]mXpsh hnckhpamWv.

tcJmkn≤m¥Øns≥d hnizk\obX JEDP tcJm kn≤m¥{]Imcw ]©{K\vYØn¬ ASßnbn´p≈ tcJIsf°pdn®mWv apIfn¬ ]d™Xv. CXp{]Imcw {InkvXphn\p apºv ]Ømw\q‰m≠p apX¬ \memw\q‰m≠phscbp≈ ImeL´ßfn¬ FgpXs∏´ hnhn[ BibßfpsS Hcp an{inXamWv ]©]pkv X Ißƒ. CXv Ht∂m ct≠m t]¿ tN¿s∂gpXnbX√. hnhn[ ImeL´ßfn¬ hyXykvX {K\vYImc∑mcm¬ FgpXs∏´ Iptd JWvUnIIfpsS an{inXamWnXv. CXn¬ BZyap≠mbncp∂Xv bmlvhnkv‰v tcJbmbncp∂psh∂v ]d™pht√m. _n.kn. 727\pw 699 \panS°v Pohn®ncp∂ tlk°nbm cmPmhns≥d `cWImeØv Akodnb°m¿ ]ekv X o\mbpsS hS°p`mKw B{Ian®v kacnb ]nSn®S°nbtXmsS C{kmtb¬ cmPyw \mamhtijamhpIbpw AhnsSbp≠mbncp∂ FgpØpImcmb tehy¿ bqZmbn¬ A`bw tXSpIbpw sNbv X p. CXns≥d - ^ - eambn bqZmbnep≠mbncp∂ bmlv h nkv ‰ v tcJbpw C{kmboenep≠mbncp∂ Ftemlnkv ‰ v tcJbpw IqSn°e¿∂p. _n.kn 721 \p tijamWv Cu IqSn°ec¬ kw`hn®ncn°p∂Xv. Pdqkteanse ]ptcmlnX∑m¿ JE tcJIfpsS an{inXsØ {IaoIcn°phm≥ {ian®p. At∏mƒ Bhiysa∂p tXm∂nbnSßfnse√mw Ah¿ hymJym\ns®gpXn. ]eXpw Iq´nt®¿Øp. IqSmsX Ah¿ kzbw Xs∂ Hcp ]pkvXIw cNn®v CtXmsSm∏w tN¿Øp. ChtbmsSm∏w tN¿Øv Uyqt{SmWankv ‰ v tcJbpw hyhlcn°s∏´p XpSßn. Aßs\bmWv JEDP tcJIfpsS 29

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

an{inXamb ]©{KŸßƒ cq]w sIm≠Xv F∂mWv sh¬luk≥

hniZoIcn°\mhmØ {]iv\ßƒ

kvYm]n°p∂Xv.

JEDP tcJmkn≤m¥sØbpw B[p\nI KthjWßsfbpsa√mw \ncmIcn°p∂ Hcp sNdnb hn`mKw ^≠sa≥‚-enkv‰pIƒ Ds≠∂Xv icnbmWv. Ahsc kw_\v[n®nStØmfw D¬]Øn]pkvXIw apX¬ Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIw hsc apgph\mbn tami FgpXnbXmWv. ]t£, F{X ISpØ ^≠sa‚-enkv‰mbncp∂mepw, Abmƒ F{X Xs∂ hymJym\n®mepw tamsi FgpXnbXmsW∂v hcpØnØo¿ °m\mhmØ H´\h[n {]kv X mh\Iƒ ]©]pkv X Ißfnep≠v . tamibpsS acWtØbpw acWm\¥c I¿aßsfbpw Ipdn® ]cma¿ißfmWv Ahbn¬ {][m\s∏´Xv . Bh¿Ø\ ]pkv X I Ønse Nne ]cma¿ißƒ ImWpI:

JEDP tcJIfpsS kz`mhhpw e£Wßfpw IWn°nseSpØv ]©{K\vYØnse Hmtcm hmIyhpw GXv tcJbpsS `mKamsW∂v hyIvXam°phm≥ ]WvUnX∑m¿ ]camh[n ]cn{ian®n´p≠v. F∂m¬ AhnX¿°nXamb coXnbn¬ F√m `mKßfpw IrXyambn \nivNbn°phm≥ CXphsc B¿°pw Ign™n´n√. F¶nepw Hcphn[w F√m ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑mcpw JEDP tcJm kn≤m¥w AwKoIcn ®pIgn™n´p≠v. ItØmen°m k` BZyImeØv tcJm kn≤m¥w ss__nfns≥d ssZh\nthi\sa∂ BibsØ A]ISs∏SpØm \nSbm°psa∂ ImcWw ]d™v \ncpXvkmls∏SpØnbncps∂¶nepw C∂v Ahcpw CXv AwKoIcn®p Ign™n´p≠v. tcJm kn≤m¥sØ ItØmen°¿°v kzoIcn°phm≥ ]‰ptamsb∂ tNmZyØn\v 1948¬ _nªn°¬ IΩoj≥ ]mcoknse I¿±n\mƒ kplm¿Zn\v \¬Inb adp]Snbn¬ C°mcyw hyIv X amWv . AXv C{]ImcamWv : "tcJm kn≤m¥sØ∏‰n kwibn°p∂ Bsc¶nepw C∂ps≠∂v tXm∂p∂n√. AXpt]mse tami \¬Inb \nbaßfpw a‰p hnhcWßfpw Ime¥cØn¬ hnImkw {]m]n°pIbpw hyXnbm\ßƒ A[o\s∏SpØpIbpw sNbv X psh∂ hkv X pX B¿°pw \ntj[n°m\mhpIbn√... F∂ncp∂mepw Kl\amb ]T\w hgn \nbaZmXmhv, {K\vYI¿Ømhv F∂ \nebn¬ tami ]©{K\vYØn¬ sNepØnb henb kzm[o\iIvXn kwibmXoXambn kvYm]n°s∏Sp∂XmWv'-.1 JEDP t c J m k n ≤ m ¥ w C ∂ v s ] m X p s h s s _ _ n ƒ ]Wv U nX∑m¿°nSbn¬ kzoImcyambn°gn™n´ps≠∂mWt√m apIfnse {]kvXmh\bn¬ \n∂v \mw a\ nemt°≠Xv. CXn∂¿∞w ]©{KŸßfpsS cq]oIcØn¬ tamsi°v Imcyamb ]s¶m∂p ans√∂ hkvXpX ss__nƒ ]finX∑m¿ s]mXpsh AwKoIcn®p Ign™n´ps≠∂mWv.

1.(tUm.tPmk^v tIm´°¬ D≤cn®Xv. "]©{K\vYØn\v Hcp hymJym\w' ]pdw: 30) 30

"I¿Ømhv Acpƒ sNbvXXp t]mse, B tamhm_v tZiØpsh®v I¿Ømhns≥d Zmk\mb tami acn®p. t_Xv s ]tbmdns∂Xnsc tamhm_v tZiØnse Xmgvhcbn¬ Abmsf kwkvIcn®p. F∂m¬ Abmsf kwkvIcn® kvYew Ct∂mfw B¿°pw Adn™pIqSm. acn°ptºmƒ tami°p \q‰nbncp]Xv hb mbncp∂p. AbmfpsS IÆpIƒ aßpItbm icocw Zp¿_eamItbm sNbv X ncp∂n√. tamhm_v kaXeØn¬ sh®v C{kmtb¬°m¿ tamsi°v th≠n ap∏Xp Znhkw hne]n®p. Aßs\ tamsi°p th≠nbp≈ hnem]hpw Zp:JmNcWhpw Ign™p.' (Bh¿Ø\w 34:5˛8). ]n∂oSv Hcn°epw tamisbt∏mse Hcp {]hmNI≥ C{kmtben¬ D≠mbn´n√.' (Bh¿Ø\w 34:10) ]© ]pkvXIßfnse ]cma¿ißƒ XΩnep≈ sshcp[yßfmWv ^≠sa≥denkv ‰ pIƒ°v hniZoIcn°m\mhmØ as‰mcp {][m\ {]iv\w. GXm\pw hncp≤ ]cma¿ißƒ ImWpI: * "`qanbn¬ \m¬]Xp Znhkw Pe{]fbambncp∂p' (D¬]Øn 7:17). " \q‰ºXv ZnhktØ°v `qanbn¬ sh≈s∏m°w XpS¿∂p' (D¬]Øn 7:24) * tamsi Xs≥d izipc\mb

bnXv t dmbpsS ASpØp sN∂v 31

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

]d™p. (]pd∏mSv 4:18) " tamsi Xs≥d izipc\mb sdbpta¬ F∂ anZym\nbs≥d ]p{X≥ tlm_m_nt\mSv ]d™p (kwJy 10:29) * C X n ∂ n S b n ¬ a n Z y m \ n b ¿ t b m k ^ n s \ Cu P n ] v X n ¬ ^tdmhs≥d Hcp DtZymKkvY\pw AwKc£I tk\bpsS \mbI\pamb t]mØn^dn\p hn‰ncp∂p' (D¬]Øn 37:36) *"CXn∂nSbn¬ bnivamtbe¿ tbmk^ns\ CuPn]vXn te°p sIm≠pt]mbn. AhnsS ^tdmthms≥d Hcp DtZymKkv Y \pw AwKc£I tk\bpsS \mbI\pamb CuPn]vXpImc≥ t]mØn^¿ Abmsf hnebv°phmßn' (D¬]Øn 39:1) CtXt]mse Hcp]mSp {]iv\ßfpsS shfn®ØnemWv ]IzaXnIfmb ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑msc√w tamsibv ° ptijw \q‰m≠pIƒ Ign™mWv ]©]pkv X Ißƒ cNn°s∏´n´p≈ sX∂pw Hcp]mSv tcJIfpsS ka\zbØn¬ \n∂mWv Ah cq]w {]m]n®n´p≈sX∂pap≈ hkvXpXIƒ AwKoIcn°p∂Xv. ]©{K\v Y ßfpw tamsibpw XΩnep≈ _\v [ w ]cºcmKX hnizmkØn¬ am{Xw HXpßp∂XmsW∂pw Ncn{X]cas√∂pw C∂v Hcp hn[w F√m ]WvUnX∑mcpw kΩXn®p Ign™n´p≠v. ss__nƒ hnPvRm\tImiw ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI:"Ipd™]£w 500 h¿jßsf ¶nepap≈ Ime]cn[n°p≈nemWv Ch cq]s∏´Xv . am{Xa√, hyXykvX kvYeßfn¬ hyXykvX ]mcºcyßfnepw ImeL´ß fnepw cq]w sIm≠ hkvXpXIƒ kamlcn°s∏´t∏mgmWv ]©{K\vYn°v A¥nacq]w e`n°pI. AX√msX Ah tamitbm As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw hyIvXntbm FgpXnØo¿Ø ]pkvXIßf√. ]t£ tamibpsS ImetØmfw ]g°ap≈ ]mcºcyßfpw hnhcßfpw \nbaßfpsams° Ahbn¬ kamlcn°s∏´n´p≠v . ]©{K\v Y nsb°pdn®p≈ ]T\Øn¬ a\ ncptØ≠ as‰mcp {][m\kwKXn Ahbnse kw`hßfpw hnhcWßfpw \S∂ ImeL´Øn¬ FgpXs∏´hb√, Zo¿LImeØn\ptijw Pohn®ncp∂h¿ XßfpsS h¿Øam\ ImemhkvYsb hniZoIcn°p hm\p≈ ]cn{iaØn¬ XßfpsS Xs∂ Ncn{XØnte°p 32

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Xncn™pt\m°n hymJym\n°p∂ coXnbmWv Ch tcJs∏´pØ s∏´Xv.'1 "]©{K\vYnbpsS DdhnSßfpw AhbpsS Imeßfpw Hcp Imcyw hyIvXam°p∂p. AXmbXv Ahsb√mw _n.kn.]Ømw \q‰m≠n\pw Bdmw \q‰m≠n\pw CSbn¬ cq]s∏´XmsW∂v . At∏mƒ ]© {K\v Y nbnse G‰hpw ]g°ap≈ tcJt]mepw ]cºcmKXambn IW°m°s∏´ncp∂Xpt]mse ]Xnaq∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ Pohn®ncp∂ tami FgpXnbXmIm≥ hgnbn√'2 At∏mƒ ]ns∂ {kjvSmhv aqkm(A)°p AhXcn∏n®p sImSp ØsX∂v Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ XudmØmWv ]©{K\vYß sf∂v AhImis∏Sp∂sXßs\? ]©{K\vY ßfpsS cN\bnepw \nbacq]oIcWØnepsa√mw aqkm(A)°v \¬Inb XudmØns≥d kzm[o\w D≠mbncp∂ncn°mw F∂√msX AXns≥d GsX¶nepw `mKw At±lw t\cn´p cNn®psh∂p JWv U nXambn ]dbphm≥ ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿s°m∂pw Ignbp∂ns√∂XmWv ]cam¿∞w.

s\_nbnw "\_n'sb∂ ln{_p ]ZØns≥d _lphN\amWv s\_nbnw (Nabi'im). {]hmNI∑m¿ F∂¿∞w. blqZ∑m¿ s\_nbnans\ c≠mbn Xncn®ncn°p∂p. BZn{]hmNI∑m¿, ]n¬Ime {]hmNI∑m¿ F∂nßs\bmWv hn`P\w. tbmiph, \ymbm[n]∑m¿, imapth¬, cmPm°∑m¿ F∂o ]pkv X IßfmWv BZy {]hmNI∑mcn¬ Dƒs]Sp∂Xv. imapthen\pw cmPm°∑m¿°pw c≠p ]pkvXIßƒ hoXw D≈Xn\m¬ BZn{]hmNI∑mcpsS ]pkv X Ißƒ BsI BdmWv. sbiøm, bnscaym, Fsk°ntb¬ XpSßnbhbpw ]{¥≠v sNdp{]hmNI (Minor Prophets) {K\v Y ßfpamWv ]n¬°me {]hmNI∑mcpsS ]pkvX Ißƒ. tlmtib, tbmth¬, Btamkv, H_Zym, tbm\m, aoJm, \lqw, l_°q°v, sk-^ \ym, l§mbn, skJcym, aemJn XpSßnbhbmWv sNdp {]hmNI{K\vYßƒ. 1.tUm. amXyp sh≈mWn°¬ (No^v FUn.):ss__nƒ hnPv R m\tImiw ]pdw 437 2.AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 441 33

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

{]hmNI{K\vYßƒ AXns≥d Xes°´n¬ {]Xn]mZn° s∏´htcm D≈S°Øn¬ ]cma¿in°s∏´htcm Bb {]hmN I∑m¿ FgpXnbXmsW∂mWv s]mXphmb hnizmkw. F∂m¬ Cu hnizmkØn\v sXfnhpIfpsS ]n≥_ean√. CXn¬ ]e ]pkv X Ißfpw FgpXnbXv BcmsW∂v JWvUnXambn ]dbm≥ Ignbns√ ∂mWv ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑mcpsS ]£w.

BZn{]hmNI {K\vYßƒ {]hmNI{K\v Y ßfn¬ H∂matØXmb tbmiph FgpXnbXv F{^bow tKm{X°mc\mb \q\ns≥d ]p{X\pw tamsibpsS tXmg\pamb tbiphbmsW∂mWv blqZ ]mcºcyw. F∂m¬ Cu ]pkvXIØnepS\ofw tbmiphsb°pdn°p∂Xn\v "Ah≥' F∂pw "tbmiph' F∂pamWv {]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv;"Rm≥' F∂√. CXn¬ \n∂v tbmiphb√ CsXgpXnbsX∂ \nKa\ØnseØm≥ GXv km[mcW°mc\pw km[n°pw. ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑mcpw Cu A`n{]mb°m¿ Xs∂bmWv . dh:F.kn. s¢bv ‰ ¨ FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: "CXp \ymbm[n]∑mcpsS ImesØ Ncn{Xw apgph≥ hnhcn°p∂ Hcp henb {K\v Y Øns≥d `mKamsW∂v Nne¿ A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂p. CXn¬ ]≠v ct≠m aqt∂m Ncn{XImc∑m¿ FgpXnsh® hrØm¥ßƒ tN¿°s∏´ncn°p∂psh∂Xpw C{kmboey¿ {]hmkØn¬ \n∂pw aSßnh∂ ImeØmWv HcpØ≥ HSphnembn Cu ]pcmX\ Ncn{X{K\vYßsf H∂mbn tN¿sØgpXn bsX∂pw B[p\nI thZ]WvUnX∑m¿ A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂p. BZyw FgpXnbXmcmsW∂v Adnhm≥ ]mSn√'1. tbmiphbpsS Ncn{Xw hnhcn°p∂psh∂√msX At±lØnt≥dXmbn bmsXmcp cN\bpw tbmiphbpsS ]pkv X IØnens√∂mWt√m Cu ]cma¿iØn¬ \n∂p a\ nemhp∂Xv . Cu ]pkv X Iw cNn®Xv {]hmNI\mb tbmiphmb√; a‰mtcm BsW∂¿∞w. c≠masØ {]hmNI]pkvXIamb "\ymbm[n]∑mcpsS' kvYnXnbpw CXp Xs∂.- dh:s¢bv‰s≥d hm°pIƒ t\m°pI: "]≠p bn{kmboey¿ KnsZtbm≥ apXemb hoc∑m¿ sNbvXn´p≈ 1. dh. F.kn.s¢-bn‰¨: ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 493 34

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

IrXyßsf XßfpsS a°ƒ°p I¿W]cºcbmbn ]d™p sImSpØph∂p. C{]Imcw Hcp \mń¬ Hcp \ymbm[n]s\bpw as‰mcp \mń¬ as‰mcp \ymbm[n]t\bpw Ipdn®p≈ hrØm¥ßƒ P\ßfpsS kvacWbnep≠mbncn°pw. ]n∂oSv Nne¿ Cu I¿W]c ºcbmb Ncn{Xßsf ]pkvXIcq]Øn¬ FgpXnØpSßn. AXpsIm≠v Cu ]pkv X IØn¬ bn{kmbo¬ P\ßƒ cmPm° ∑mcpsS ImeØn\p apºp≈ AhcpsS tZiob kw`hßfpsS Ncn{Xw {]Xn]mZn®ncn °p∂psh∂p \ap°v hnNmcn°mw. F∂m¬ BZyambn Cu {K\vYØnse Ncn{Xßƒ FgpXnbXv BcmsWt∂m Ahsb Iqńt®¿Øv GI {K\vYam°nbXv BcmsWs∂m \ap°v ]dhm≥ km[n°bn√'1. {]hmNI ]pkv X Ißfn¬ aq∂matØXmb kmapthens≥d ]pkv X IØns≥d kv Y nXnbpw CXn¬ \n∂v `n∂a√. dh:F.kn. s¢bv‰s≥d A`n{]mbw Xs∂ t\m°pI: "Cu ]pkvXIØn\v F{_mb `mjbn¬ "iaqth¬' F∂p \maIcWw sNbvXncn°p∂p sh∂√msX CXp iapth¬ FgpXnbXmsW∂p ]dbp∂Xn\p bmsXmcm[mchp an√. am{Xa√, Chbn¬ iaqthen≥d ImeØn\p tijw \S∂ ]e kw`hßfpw Imw¨-am\pap-≠v'2. "Cu ]pkvXIßfn¬ Chbv°p apºv {]hmNI∑m¿ AYhm "{]hmNI ]p{X∑m¿' FgpXnb Nne Ncn{X{K\vYßƒ tN¿Øncn°p∂psh∂mWv F{_mb `mjm`nPvR ∑mcmb ]Wv U nX∑mcpsS A`n{]mbw. Ch C{]Imcw tN¿Ø ImesØ°pdn®v kq£vaambn ]dhm≥ Ignbp-Ibn√. F∂m¬ Ch {In.ap.700¬ Iqńt®¿°s∏´psh∂v \ap°v ]dbmhp∂XmWv'3. \memasØ {]hmNI]pkvXIamb "cmPm°∑m'cpsS kvYnXnbpw XssYh. ss__nƒ ]WvUnX\mb Un.kn.^vsfanwKv FgpXp∂p: "cmPm°∑mcpsS ]pkvXIßƒ FgpXnbXv BcmsW∂v Adn™p IqSm. F∂m¬ Cu ]pkv X Ißƒ {]hN\]camb Imgv N ∏mSn¬ FgpXnbhbmIbm¬ {]hmNI∑mcn¬ Hcmtfm AYhm ]etcm FgpXnbXmbncn°phm≥ km[yXbp≠v. F∂m¬ Cu ]pkvXIØnse 1.ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw: 249 2.AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 587 3.AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 588 35

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hkvXpXIƒ Ncn{X]cambn IrXyhpw icnbpamWv. hnhn[ cmPm° ∑mcpsS HutZymKnI tcJIfn¬ tcJs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv (DZm: 1 cmPm 11: 41, 14:19, 29). IqSmsX biøm, bncaym apXemb ]pkvXIß fnse ]e `mKßƒ Cu ]pkvXIßfn¬ ImWmw. Cu ]pkvXIßƒ FgpXnØo¿ØXv bn{kmbo¬ a°ƒ _m_ntemWn¬ ASnaIfm bncp∂ ImeØmWv F∂phcm≥ km[yXbp≠v'.1

]n¬°me {]hmNI {K\vYßƒ ]n¬°me {]hmNI∑mcpsS {K\v Y ßfmbn Adnbs∏Sp∂ ]pkv X IßfpsS kv Y nXnbpw CXn¬ \n∂v H´pw hyXykv X a√. kw`cWimebmb ]gb\nbaØnse hnPv R m\cXv \ kºq¿W ßfmb {K\vYt]SIßfn¬ hninjvSambsX∂v hntijn∏n°s∏Sp∂ sbiømhns≥d ]pkvXIw cNn®Xv GI {K\vYImc\s√∂ hkvXpX C∂v F√m ]WvUnX∑mcpw AwKoIcn®p Ign™n´p≠v. NpcpßnbXv c≠p t]sc¶nepw Adp]Ønbmdv A[ymbßfp≈ Cu ]pkvXI Øns≥d cN\bn¬ ]¶mfnIfmbncn°Ww. H∂mw A[ymbw apX¬ 39-˛mw A[ymbw hscbp≈ `mKßƒ FgpXnbXv Hcmfpw _m°n `mKßƒ FgpXnbXv as‰mcmfpambncn°m\mWv km[yXsb∂ A`n{]mbamWv ]WvUnX∑m¿°p≈Xv. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂, C∂v sbiømhns≥d ]pkvXIw c≠mbn Xncn®mWv ]Tn°p∂Xv. H∂mw sbiøm (First Isiah) F∂pw c≠mw sbiøm (Second Isiah or Deutero Isiah) F∂pw Xncn®mWv ]T\w. kzX{¥amb H∂ne[nIw NpcpfpIfpsS tbmPn∏n¬ \n∂mWv sbiømhns≥d ]pkv X Iw D≠mbn´p≈sX∂ \nKa\ØnemWv B[p\nI ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑m¿ FØnt®¿∂n´p≈sX∂ hkv X pX {]kn≤amb lm¿]dpsS "ss__nƒ \nL≠p' hniZam°p∂p≠v.2 ASpØ ]pkv X Iw bnscaymhnt≥dXmWv . CXn¬ bnscaym {]hmNI≥ ]d™ hN\ßƒ Hcp]mSp≠v F∂v ss__nƒ ]W vU nX∑m¿ ° v A`n {]mbaps≠ ¶ ne p w ap gp h ≥ bnsc ay m ]d™tXm FgpXnbtXm As√∂ hkv X pX Ahsc√mhcpw 1. Un.kn.-^vsfanwKv : ss__nƒ `mjyw ]pdw 242, 243. 2. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 426-- ˛432 36

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

AwKoIcn°p∂p≠v. dh:s¢bv‰¨ FgpXp∂p: "{In.ap. 604 -mam≠p bnscaymhn\p Xm≥ AXphsc ]d™ {]hN\ßsf√mw Hcp Npcpfn¬ FgpXp∂Xn\p btlmhbn¬ \n∂pw I¬]\ e`n®psh∂v \mw 36˛mw A[ymbØn¬ hmbn°p∂p. A{]Imcw _mcqIv F∂ injys\ hnfn®v FgpXn®p..... B Npcpfnse hnjbw \madnbp∂ bnscaymhv F∂ ]pkvXIØns≥d BZy`mKØn¬ ASßnbncn°Ww. Ccp]Øn aq∂p kwhXv k cw ]d™ {]hN\ßsf√mw AXXp kabØp ]d™ {]Imcw IrXyambn Fgpbncn°bn√. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂bmWv Nne `mKßƒ A]q¿Wambpw ]q¿∆m]c _\v[an√m sXbpw ImWs∏Sp∂Xv..... Cu Npcpfn¬ C√mØ Nne `mKßfpw ]pkv X IØnep≠v . s]mXpsh \mw bnscaymhns≥d ]pkv X Iw hmbn®m¬ AXns≥d {Iaw Ime{IaØn\v A\ptbmPya√. AXpsIm≠mWv C°meØv ]e¿°pw bnscaymhns≥d ]pkvXIw Zp¿{Klambncn°p∂Xv.... ]n¬°meØp bnscaymhns≥d acWtijw Ahs\°pdn®p \√ ]cnNbap≈ Hcph≥ Ahs≥d PohNcn{X sØ°pdn®p Nne A[ymbßƒ FgpXn. AXpw ]pkvXItØmSp LSn∏n®n´p≠v . , Cu Ncn{XImc≥ _mcq°v Bbncn°m\nSbp≠v . bnscaymhn\mepw _mcq°n\mepw FgpXs∏SmØ Nne sNdnb Awißƒ IqSn Cu ]pkvXIØn¬ tN¿Øncn°p∂p'.1 Fsk°ntbens≥d ]pkvXIamWv as‰mcp {][m\s∏´ {]hmNI {K\vYw. Cu ]pkvXIØns≥d `qcn`mKhpw Fsk°ntb¬ {]hmNI\m¬ FgpXs∏´XmsW∂mbncp∂p ]sØmºXmw \q‰m≠ns≥d Ahkm\w hsc ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑mcpsS ]£w. F∂m¬ Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠ns≥d XpS°Øn¬ ss__nfns≥d `mjsbbpw D≈S°sØbpw kw_\v [ n® hniZamb ]T\ßƒ \S∂t∏mƒ Cu BibØn\pw aßte¬°m≥ XpSßn. 48 A[ymbßfnembn BsI 1235 hN\ßfmWv Fsk°ntben¬ ASßnbncn°p∂Xv . CXn¬ 177 FÆw am{Xta Fsk°ntben t≥dXmbn D≈qsh∂pw _m°nbp≈h ]n∂oSv Iq´nt®¿°s∏´ hbmsW∂pamWv B[p\nI ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑mcn¬ {]KXv`cmb Ht´sd t]cpsS ]£w. 2 1. dh:F.kn.s¢bv‰¨:ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 428. 2. See. The New Jerome Biblical Commentary Page 305- ˛ 306

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

sNdp{]hmNI {K\vYßƒ sNdp{]hmNI∑mcptSsX∂v hntijn∏n°s∏Sp∂ ]pkv X I ßfpsS kvYnXnbpw CXn¬ \n∂v A¬]w t]mepw hyXykvXa√. Ahbn¬ {]Xn]mZn°s∏´ {]hmNI∑mcpsS t]cn¬ a‰p ]ecpw FgpXnbp≠m°nbXmWv Ahsb∂ Imcyw ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ AwKoIcn®p Ign™n´p≈XmWv. {ioam≥ ]n.‰n.Ipcphnf FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: "an° {]hN\ßfnepw {]hmNI∑mcpsS hyIvXambp≈ Acpf∏mSpIfpw AhcpsS PohNcn{X kw`hßfpw tcJs∏SpØn bn´p≠v F∂ hkvXpX tNmZyw sNøm≥ ]mSn√mØXmWv. F∂m¬ an° {]hN\ßfpw Ahbn¬ \maIcWw sNbvXn´p≈ {]hmNI∑m¿ cN n® n´ p≈X s√∂pw, Ah Ahc psS inj y K W ß tf m a‰p kºmZItcm FgpXnbn ´p≈XmsW∂pw IcpXs∏Sp∂p'.1 dh:F.kn.s¢bv ‰ s≥d hm°pIƒ IqSn {i≤n°pI: "]pcmX\ {K\vYI¿Øm°fn¬ Nne¿ hninjvSamb Hcp D]tZisØ {]Xn]m Zn°p∂Xn∂v B{Kln®m¬ Ah¿ Xßƒ ]dbp∂ D]tZiw ZmhoZv, lmt\m°v, sbiømhv XpSßnb alm∑m¿ ]dbp∂psh∂p `mhn®p, hmkvXhØn¬ Xßƒ Xs∂ FgpXp∂hsb B alm∑m¿ FgpXn F∂p ]dbp∂Xv A_≤amsW∂v hnNmcn®ncp∂n√'. 2 CXn¬ \n∂v {]hmNI∑mcptSXv F∂ t]cn¬Adnbs∏Sp∂ ]gb\nba {K\vYßsfm∂pw ]q¿Æambn {]hmNI∑mcm¬ cNn°s∏´hbs√∂ hkvXpX hyIvXambn a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂p. {]hmNI∑m¿ cNn® {K\vYßfmbncp∂psh¶n¬, Ah¿ Znhyt_m[\Øns≥d ASnkv Y m\ØnemWv kwkmcn®ncp∂Xv F∂Xn\m¬, Ahsb Znhy{]tNmZnX {K\vYßfmbn ]cnKWn°mam bncp∂p. F∂m¬ ]ecmepw cNn°s∏´v I¿ØrXzw {]hmNI∑mcn¬ Btcm]n°s∏´ {K\v Y ßsf ssZhnIsa∂v a\ nem°p∂sX ßs\bmWv ? blqZ∑m¿ "s\_bow' F∂p hnfn°p∂ ss{IkvXh ss__nfnse 21 {]hmNI {K\vYßfpsS hnizmkyX°v bmsXmcp B[mchpans√∂mWt√m CXn¬ \n∂p a\ nemhp∂Xv. Bsc√mtam 1.]n.‰n.Ipcphnf: ss__nƒ \q‰m≠pIfneqsS, ]pdw 8. 2.ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 51 38

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

FgpXnbp≠m°nb {K\v Y ßƒ ssZhnIsa∂p ]dbp∂h¿°v \miap≠mhs´sb∂ Jp¿B\nI hN\w F{X {]kIvXw! "F∂m¬ kz¥w ssIIƒ sIm≠v {K\vYw FgpXnbp≠m°pIbpw F∂n´v AXv A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂v e`n®XmsW∂v ]dbpIbpw sNøp∂h¿°mIp∂p \miw; AXv aptJ\ hneIpd™ t\´ßƒ IckvYam°phm≥ th≠n. AhcpsS ssIIƒ FgpXnb hIbnepw Ah¿ kºmZn°p∂ hIbnepw Ah¿°v \miw' (Jp¿B≥ 2:79).

sIØp_nw FgpXs∏´h F∂v A¿∞w hcp∂ sIØp_nw (Ketubim) F∂ t]cn¬ blqZ∑m¿ kamlcn®ncn°p∂Xv ]Xns\m∂v ]pkIvXI ßfmWv . k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ, hnem]ßƒ F∂o aXImhyßfpw, D Ø aK oX w F ∂ t { ] a Ko X h p w kp ` m j n X ß ƒ , C t ø m _v , k`m{]`mjI≥ F∂o hnPvRm\]pkvXIßfpw cqØv, FkvtX¿, F{km˛s\slanbm, Zn\hrØm¥w, Zm\ntb¬ XpSßnb Ncn{X cN\IfpamWv Cu hn`mKØn¬s∏Sp∂ {K\v Y ßƒ. ss{Ikv X h ss__nfn¬ F{km, s\slanbm XpSßnbh thsd thsd {K\v Y ßfmbmWv ]cnKWn®ncn°p∂Xv . AXpt]mse Zn\hrØm ¥sØ ss{IkvXh ss__nfn¬ c≠p ]pkvXIßfm°n Øncn®n´pap≠v.

k¶o¿Ø\ ]pkvXIw s\_bnw F∂ kamlmcØnse {]hmNI]pkv X IßfpsS kv Y nXnbn¬ \n∂v H´pw sa®s∏´ Ahkv Y b√ sIØp_nanse {K\v Y ßƒ°pap≈Xv . Ahbn¬ G‰hpw {][m\s∏´ {K\v Y amb "k¶o¿Ø\ßfp'sS kvYnXn Xs∂ t\m°pI. hnip≤ Jp¿B\n¬ {]Xn]mZn∏n°s∏´ "k_qdp'ambn ss__nfn¬ C∂p \ne\n¬°p∂ "k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ'°p h√ _\v[hpapt≠m? ZmhqZv \_n°v A√mlp AhXcn∏n® thZ{K\vYamWv Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ k_q¿. F∂m¬ k¶o¿Ø\ßfpsS AhkvYsb¥mWv? ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ Xs∂ kwkmcn°s´! dh:F.kn.s¢bv‰¨ FgpXp∂p: 39

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

"Cu k¶o¿Ø\ ]pkv X Iw GIImeØv GI{K\v Y Imc\m¬ GI{K\vYambn FgpXs∏´X√; AXp ]e Imeßfn¬ ]e { K \ v Y I m c ∑ m c m ¬ F g p X s ∏ ´ X m s W ∂ p t X m ∂ p ∂ p . Cu k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ Cu {K\vYØn¬ tN¿ØXmcmsW∂pw Gt∏mgm sW∂pw kq£vaambn Adnbm≥ \nhrØnbn√'1 "Ct∏mgp≈ k¶o¿Ø\]pkv X IØn¬ Nne sNdnb KoX ]pkv X Ißƒ tN¿°s∏ńcn°p∂p..... Xmsg ]dbp∂ k¶o¿Ø \ßƒ apºv A©p k¶o¿Ø\ ]pkvXIßfn¬ Dƒs∏ńcp∂hbm sW∂v A\pam\n°mw. 1, ZmhoZns≥d k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ 3˛41 2, ZmhoZns≥d k¶o¿Ø\ßfn¬ as‰mcp k©bw 51˛72 3, kwKoX°mc\mb Bkm-^ns≥d ]p{X∑mcpsS k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ 50, 73˛83 4, kwKoX°mc\mb tImclv ]p{X∑mcpsS k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ 42˛49, 84˛89 5, BtcmlW k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ 120˛134 Nne sshZnI ]WvUnX∑m¿ thsdbpw c≠p k¶o¿Ø\ k©nI IqSnbps≠∂v A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂p. F∂m¬ Chsb hyIv X ambn hnt hN n°p I km[ya√.... AX pt] mse Ø s∂ Zmh oZv ] e k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ cNn®psh∂pw a‰p ]e k¶o¿Ø\ßfn¬ FgpXnbncn°p∂ Nne hmIyßƒ Ah≥ cNn®hbmsW∂pw ]dbmw. F∂m¬ k¶o¿Ø\ßfn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ XehmNIßƒ BcwÌmeØ√, ]n¬ImeØv FgpXs∏´hbmIbm¬ Ct∏mƒ k¶o¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØn¬ ZmhoZv FgpXnbsX∂v XehmNIap≈ 35 k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ ZmhoZv FgpXnbsX∂v icnbmb B[mcan√... `n∂Imeßfn¬ ]e ÌvX∑mcm¬ FgpXs∏´ Cu {K\vYØnse hnjbw Npcp°n∏dbpI km[ya√'2 1. ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 604. 2. ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 604˛605-40

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

k¶o¿Ø\]pkvXIØnse ]Zyßƒ hyXykvX ImeL ´ßfn¬ hyXykvX hyIvXnIfm¬ FgpXs∏´hbmsW∂ hkvXpX C∂v F√m ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑mcpw AwKoIcn®pIgn™n´ps≠∂ bmYm¿∞yØnte°v "lm¿]dpsS ss__nƒ \nL≠p'hpw shfn®w hoip∂p≠v.1

a‰p ]pkvXIßƒ sIXp_na-nse a‰p ]pkvXIßfpsS kvYnXnbpw CXn¬ \n∂v H´pw hyXykv X a√. AhbpsS {K\v Y Imc∑mcmbn Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv {]hmNI∑mcmsW¶nepw Ahbn¬ an°hbpsSbpw cN\bpambn {]hmNI∑m¿°v bmsXmcphn[ _\v [ hpap≠mbncp∂ns√∂mWv ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑mcpsS ]£w. Nne D≤cWnIƒ {i≤n°pI: "Nne¿ CXns≥d (Ctøm_v F∂ ]pkvXIw) I¿Ømhv tamsi sb∂pw Nne¿ itemtam≥ F∂pw Nne¿ _mcq°v F∂pw Nne¿ bnscaymsh∂pw ]dbp∂p. CXns\°pdn®v \ap°v bmsXm∂pw Adn™pIqSm'3 "Cu ]pkvXIØns≥d (Ctøm_v) cN\mImew, kvYew, cNbnXmhv XpSßnbhsb kw_\v[n® hnhmZßƒ C∂pw XpScpIbmWv . _n.kn.Ggmw \q‰m≠n\pw \memw \q‰m≠n\p anS°mWv (_n.kn.586\p tijsa∂mWv s]mXphmb A\pam\w) cN\ \S∂sX∂v Duln°s∏Sp∂p'.2 "ietam\mWv CXv (DØaKoXw) FgpXnbsX∂p ]cºcmKXambn ]d™phcp∂p. CXn\p ImcWw Ah≥ BbncnØn A©p ]m´pIƒ ]mSn F∂p≈XmWv...... F∂m¬ {InkvXm_vZw H∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ F { _ m b d ∫ n a m c p s S C S b n ¬ Cu ] p k v X I s Ø ° p d n ® p ktµlap≠mbncp∂XpsIm≠pw, F{_mb `mjbnen√mØ \qX\]Zßƒ CXnep≠mbncp∂XpsIm≠pw, CXv ietams≥d ImesØ `mjmcoXnb√, ]n¬ImeØnse `mjmcoXnsb A\pkcn 1. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 833-- - - ˛835 3. ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 58 3. Harpers bible dictionary page 492. 41

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

®ncn°p∂XpsIm≠pw {In.ap.aq∂mw\q‰m≠n\p apºv FgpXs∏´X s√∂p Xocpam\n°p∂Xv \ymbhncp≤a√'.1 "sblqZ∑mcnepw {InkvXym\nIfnepw ]e¿ Cu ]pkvXIØn¬ (FkvtY¿ F∂ ]pkvXIw) B[ymXvantIm]tZißƒ Ipdhmbncn °p∂p F∂pw CXn¬ btlmh Ft∂m ssZhw Ft∂m D≈ \maw Hcp {]mhiyw t]mepw ImWp∂ns√∂pap≈ ImcWØm¬ CXv Hcp IYbmsW∂p hnNmcn®v CXns\ thZ]pkvXIØn¬ Dƒs]SpØmXncn°p∂p. F∂m¬ an°hmdpw sblqZ∑mcpw {InkvXym\nIfpw AwKoIcn®n´p≠v... CXns≥d `mjmcoXn t\m°nbm¬ {In.ap.2˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ FgpXs∏´sX∂p tXm∂p∂p...... {K\vYI¿Ømhns≥d t]cp \nivNban√'.2 "\mw CXnse (Zm\ntb¬ F∂ ]pkvXIw) Ncn{Xw hmbn°ptºmƒ s\_qJZvt\kcpw Ahs≥d A\¥cImeo\∑mcmb cmPm°∑mcpsSbpw bnscaym, sblkvtI¬ apXemb {]hmNI∑m cptSbpw ImeØv {In.ap.6˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ Zm\ntben\p Z¿i\ap≠mbn. GItZiw {In.ap.600 ¬ CXv FgpXm≥ XpSßn F∂p tXm∂p∂p. F∂m¬ F{_mb `mjbn¬ ]mShap≈ ]e sshZnI ]WvUnX∑mcpw Cu {K\vYsØ IqewIjambn ]cntim[n®Xn¬ CXv bnscaymhv , sblkv t I¬ F∂o {]hmNI∑mcpsS ImeØv FgpXs∏´psh∂p IcpXp∂Xn\v ]e Bt£]ßfps≠∂v I≠p ]nSn®ncn°p∂p..... Cu {K\vYØn¬ Acmay `mjbn¬ FgpXs∏´ Hcp ]pkvXIhpw F{_mb `mjbn¬ FgpXs∏´ as‰mcp ]pkvXIhpw Hcpan®p tN¿ØncnØncn °p∂psh∂pw AXpsIm≠mWv Cu `mjm ssh]coXyw ImWs∏Sp∂sX∂pw Nne¿ hnNmcn°p∂p'.3 "ZmhoZns≥d ImeØn\p apºp≈ kw`hßfmWv Cu {K\vY(cqØv F∂ ]pkvXIw)Øn¬ ]dbs∏´ncn°p∂sX¶nepw CXv A°me Øn\p tijw FgpXs∏´XmsW∂p tXm∂p∂p. CXv GItZiw {In.ap.400˛mam≠n¬ FgpXs∏´ncn°mw. CXns≥d {K\vYI¿Ømhv Bsc∂dnhm≥ \nhrØnbn√'.4 1. 2. 3. 4. 42

ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 61. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 83,84. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 187,188. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 523.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

"hnem]ßƒ F∂ {KŸØn¬ AXns≥d I¿Ømhv BcmsW∂p {]Xn]mZn®n´n√. 2Zn\ 35:25¬ bnscaym {]hmNI≥ tbmiob cmPmhns\°pdn®v hnem]w ]mSnsb∂p ]d™ncn°p∂Xv hmbn®v Nne¿ Cu hnem]ßfpw bnscaymhmWv ]mSnbsX∂v Xocpam\n®p. AXpt]mseØs∂ AeIvkm¨{Snbm ]´WØn¬ F{_mb thZ]pkvXIsØ bh\`mjbn¬ `mjm¥cw sNbvXhcpw bnscaym {]hmNI\mWv Cu {KŸsagpXnbsX∂v ]dbp∂p. AXpsIm≠v bnscaymhmWv CXns≥d {KŸImcs\∂v ]dbphm≥ thsd B[mcans√¶nepw sblqZ∑mcpw BZy {InkvXym\nIfpw ssIs°m ≠ncp∂ ]mcºcy {]Imcw Ah≥ Xs∂bmWv CXns≥d {KŸ Imcs\∂v ]dbmw'.1 "B[p\nI ]WvUnX∑m¿ Cu ]pkvXIØns≥d (hnem]ßƒ) cN\ bnscaymhnt\mSv tN¿Øp ]dbp∂Xv icnbs√∂ ]£°mcmWv'.2 "F{_mb¿ {]hmkØn¬ \n∂p aSßnh∂ tijw ]q¿hImeØp ]ptcmlnX∑m¿ F´p`mKßfn¬ FgpXnbncp∂ kZp]tZißƒ imkv{Xnam¿ Cu {K\vYØn¬ (kZriyhmIyßƒ) tN¿sØgpXn sb∂v ]Wv U nX∑m¿ A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂p. CXnep≈ hN\ßƒ BZyambn cNn°s∏´ Imew GXmsW∂v \nivNbn∏m≥ {]bmk amWv. Nne hN\ßƒ ietams≥d ImeØpw AXn\p apºpw Nne hN\ßƒ AXn\p ]nºpw ]d™p XpSßnbncn°mw'.3 "BZyImeØp {K\vYImc∑m¿ P\ßsf XßfpsS t]cdnbn°W sa∂v B{Kln°mbvIbm¬ Ah¿ cNn® {K\vYßfn¬ XßfpsS t]¿ FgpXmdn√. F∂m¬ Ah¿ FgpXnb {K\vYßƒ ietam≥ apXemb {]kn≤ PvRm\nIsfgpXnb {K\vYßtfmsSm∏amsW∂v hnNmcn®v AhbpsS Bcw`Øn¬ ]≠p Pohn®ncp∂ Hcp alms≥d t]cv tN¿sØgpXp∂Xv Ip‰Icas√∂v Ah¿ hnNmcn®p. AXp \nanØw Cu {K\v Y (k`m{]`mjI≥ F∂ ]pkv X I)Øns≥d 1.AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 553. 2. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 544.

3.ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 607. 43

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

I¿Ømhv CXp ietam≥ cmPmhv FgpXnbXmsW∂v ]dbp∂p. F∂m¬ \mw Cu {KŸsØ kq£v v a mhtemI\w sNøptºmƒ CXns≥d I¿Ømhp ietam\s√∂v t_m[ys∏Spw..... Cu {K\vYsØ °pdn®v \mw ]cymtemNn°ptºmƒ CXns≥d {K\v Y I¿Ømhv {In.ap.2˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ Pohn®ncp∂ Hcp blqZ\msW∂pw Ch≥ [\nI\mbncp∂ tijw ]e Ijv S XIfpa\p`hn®v hr≤\mbn sbcpitean¬ ]m¿Øncp∂psh∂pw Adnbmhp∂XmWv'.1 Cu D≤cWnIfn¬ \n∂v sIØp_nw hn`mKØn¬s]SpØn blqZ∑m¿ kamlcn® ]pkvXIßfnepw {]hmNI∑mcpsS cN\Iƒ D≠mbncn°phm\p≈ km[yX Xptemw hncfamsW∂ hkvXpXbmWv a\ nem°mhp∂Xv. {]hmNI {]t_m[\ßsf°pdn®v Aht_m[ap ≠mbncp∂ blqZP\Xbnse AwKßƒ kz¥w A`ojv S Øn\ \pkcn®v cNn® {K\vYßfmWv Ahbne[nIhpw. cNn°s∏´ tijw AhbpsS I¿ØrXzw {]hmNI∑mcn¬ Btcm]n®psIm≠v XßfpsS cN\Ifnse Bibßƒ°v _lpP\]n¥pW t\SnsbSp°pIbmbn cp∂ncn°mw AhcpsS e£ysa∂v \ap°v Duln°mhp∂XmWv . thZ°msc°pdn®v Jp¿B≥ ]d™ Nne hN\ßƒ {i≤n°pI: "thZ°mtc, \nßsf¥n\mWv kXysØ AkXyhpambn Iq´n°e¿ØpIbpw Adn™psIm≠v kXyw ad®psh°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv ? (Jp¿B≥ ˛ 3:71) "thZ{K\v Y Ønse hmNIssienIƒ hfs®mSn°p∂ Nnecpw AhcpsS Iq´Ønep≠v. AXv thZ{K\vYØnep≈XmsW∂v \nßƒ [cn°phm≥ th≠nbmWXv . AXv thZ{K\v Y Ønep≈X√. Ah¿ ]dbpw; AXv A√mlphns≥d ]°¬ \n∂p≈XmsW∂v. F∂m¬ AXv A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂p≈X√. Ah¿ Adn™psIm≠v A√mlphns≥d t]cn¬ I≈w ]dbpIbmWv'. (Jp¿B≥ ˛ 3:78)

DØc Imt\m\nI {K\vYßƒ

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ItØmen°m ss__nfns≥d ]gb\nbaØnep≠v. ]ekvXo\nse blqZcpsS CSbn¬ F{_mb `mjbnep≈ ]gb\nba ]pkvXIßfpw tdmam km{amPyØns≥d CXc`mKßfn¬ Pohn®ncp∂ blqZcpsS ssIbn¬ AeIv k m≥{Unbbn¬ sh®p hnh¿Ø\w sNøs∏´ sk]v ‰ nPph≥dv F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ {Ko°p `mjbnep≈ ]gb\nbahpambncp∂p {]NmcØnep≠mbncp∂Xv . CXn¬ F{_mb `mjbnep≈ ]gb \nbaØn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbn´n √mØ Nne ]pkvXIßfpw ]pkvXIiIeßfpw sk]v‰nPph≥dv {]Xnbn¬ D≠mbncp∂p. Ch B[nImcnIas√∂v blqZ∑m¿ hn[n°pIbpw AhcpsS thZ{K\v Y Øn¬ \n∂v Cu `mKßƒ \njv I mk\w sNøpIbpw sNbv X p. F∂m¬ ss{Ikv X hcmIs´ sk]v‰nPph≥dv {]Xnsb B[mcam°n B `mKßsf°qSn thZ{K\v Y Øn¬ Dƒs∏SpØn. F∂m¬ s{]m´kv ‰ ≥dpIm¿ Cu `mKßsf thZ{K\vYØns≥d `mKambn AwKoIcn°p∂n√. Ah¿ Cu `mKØn\v At∏m{In^m (Apocrypha) F∂mWv ]dbp∂Xv . "Hfn°s∏´Xv' F∂mWv Cu ]ZØns≥d A¿∞w. A{]mamWnI {K\vYßƒ F∂ A¿∞ØnemWnXv {]tbmKn°p∂Xv. Cu `mKsØ thZ]pkv X IØns≥d `mKambn AwKoIcn°p∂ ItØmen°¿ C h s b D Ø c I m t \ m \ n I ( deutero canonical) { K \ v Y ß ƒ F∂phnfn°p∂p. tXm_nØv , bqZnØv , 1˛2 a°_mb¿, Pv R m\w, {]`mjI≥, _mdqIv F∂o ]pkvXIßfpw FkvtX¿ ]Ømw A[ymbw \memw hN\w apX¬ ]Xn\mdmw A[ymbw Ccp]Øn\memw hN\w hscbp≈ `mKw, Zm\ntb¬ aq∂mw A[ymbw aq∂mw hmIyØn\pw 24˛mw hmIyØn\pw CSbn¬ tN¿°p∂ "AkdnbmbpsS {]m¿∞\bpw aq∂p bphm°fpsS Io¿Ø\hpw' F∂ `mKw, Zm\ntb¬ ]Xnaq∂mw A[ymbamb "kqk∂'sb∂ `mKw, Zm\ntb¬ ]Xn\memw A[ymbambn tN¿°s∏Sp∂ "t_epw hymfhpw' F∂ `mKw XpSßnb ]pkvXIiIeßfpamWv DØcImt\m\nI {K\vYßfmbn Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv.

blqZ∑m¿ AwKoIcn°mØ Nne ]pkvXIßƒ IqSn 1. ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 609. 44

]gb

\nbaØnse

a‰p

]pkvXIßsft∏mseØs∂ 45

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

{K\vYI¿Øm°ƒ BcmsWt∂m F∂v FgpXs∏´psht∂m AdnbmØ {K\vYßƒ Xs∂bmWv DØcImt\m\nI {K\v Y ßfpw. Ahsb AwKoIcn°p∂ ItØmen°¿ t]mepw ]gb \nbaØnse a‰p ]pkv X IßfpsS {]m[m\yw CXn∂p \¬Ip∂n√. a‰p ]pkv X IßfpsSb{Xt]mepw {]hmNI∑mtcmSv tN¿Øp]dbm≥ ]‰mØ {K\v Y ßfmWnhsb∂mWv ]Wv U nX ∑mcpsS ]£w.

aq∂vXudmØpw k_qdpw

]

gb \nbaØnse Hscm‰ ]pkvXIw t]mepw ]q¿Wambn ssZhnIshfn]mSpIfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ FgpXs∏´Xm sW∂v ]dbm≥ Ignbns√∂v Ign™ A[ymbØn¬ kqNn∏n® hkvXpXIfn¬ \n∂v \mw a\ nem°n. At∏mƒ ]ns∂ Jp¿B\n¬ aqkm\_n(A)°v AhXcn∏n®p sImSpØpsh∂v ]dbp∂ XudmØpw ZmhqZv \ _n(A)°v AhXcn∏n®p sImSpØpsh∂v ]dbp∂ k_qdpw FhnsS? AØcw h√ {K\vYßsfbpw Ipdn® kqN\Isfs¥¶nepw ss__nƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂pt≠m? \mw ]cntim[n°pI.

XudmØv ]S® Xºpcm≥ aqkm(A)°v AhXcn∏n®psImSpØ am¿KZ¿-iI- { K\v Y ambn´mWv Jp¿B≥ XudmØns\ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv : "Xo¿®bmbpw \mw Xs∂bmWv XudmØv AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. AXn¬ am¿KZ¿i\hpw {]Imihpap≠v' (Jp¿B≥ 5:44) blqZcpw {InkvXym\nIfpw tXmdbmbn C∂v AwKoIcn°p∂ ]©]pkvXIßƒ°v aqkm \_n(A)bpambn bmsXmcp _\v[hp ans√∂ hkvXpX \mw a\ nem°nbt√m. At∏mƒ ]ns∂ GXmWv Jp¿B\n¬ ]cma¿in°s∏Sp∂ XudmØv? Aßs\sbmcp {K\vYw 46

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

\ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂Xn\v ss__nƒ h√ sXfnhpw \¬Ip∂pt≠m?

"tXmd'sb∂ \nba]pkvXIw ]©]pkvXIØn¬ ]e {]mhiyw "tXmd' F∂ ]Zw {]tbmKn®n´p≠v . AXn∂v hnhn[ A¿∞ßfmWp≈sX∂mWv ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑mcpsS ]£w. s]mXphmbn "\nbaw' F∂pw " A \ p i m k \ ' s b ∂ p w " I ¬ ] \ ' s b ∂ p s a √ m a m W v Cu ] Z w ]cn`mjs∏SpØs∏ń´p≈Xv . ]mcºcy\nbaßsfbpw ssZhnI I¬]\Isfbpsa√mw Ipdn°m≥ Cu ]Zw D]tbmKn°s∏ń´p≠v. F¶nepw Nne kv Y eßfnse¶nepw Hcp {K\v Y sØtbm {K\v Y `mKsØtbm Ipdn°p∂Xn\v th≠nbmWv Cu ]Zw {]tbmKn° s∏ń´p≈sX∂v kv]jvSamWv. {]kvXpX {K\vYØn¬ {]Xn]mZn° s∏ń´p≈ \nbaßfntesX¶nepsam∂ns\tbm AXne[nIØn s\tbm kqNn∏n°phm\pw Cu ]Zw D]tbmKn°s∏ń´p≠v. FXm\pw DZmlcWßƒ ImWpI: "I¿Ømhns≥d \nbaw(tXmd) \ns≥d \mhn¬ Ft∏mgpw D≠mth≠Xn∂v CXv \ns≥d ssIbn¬ ]®IpØSbmfambpw \ns≥d s\‰nbn¬ kvamcI°pdnbmbpw h¿Øn°s´' (]pd∏mSv 13:9). "[ym\_enbpsS \nbaw (tXmd) CXmIp∂p'(tehnb¿ 6:14). "CXv IpjvTØn\p≈ \nbaw(tXmd)' (tehnb¿ 14:57). "I¿Ømhp I¬∏n®ncn°p∂ \nba(tXmd)Ønse N´w CXmIp∂p' (kwJy 19:2). "I¿Ømhv tamitbmSv I¬∏n® \nba(tXmd)Ønse N´w CXmWv' (kwJy 31:21). "tbm¿±ms≥d adpIcbn¬ tamhm_p tZiØpsh®v tamsi Cu \nbaw (tXmd)hniZoIcn°m≥ XpSßn' (Bh¿Ø\w 1:5). "tamsi C{kmbo¬ k¥XnIƒ°p \nivNbn®psImSpØ \nbaw (tXmd) CXmIp∂p' (Bh¿Ø\w 4:44). " Cu \nbakwlnX(tXmd)bnse hN\ßƒ A\pkcn®p 48

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

{]h¿Øn°mØmh∂p im]w' (Bh¿Ø\w 27:26). "\ns≥d ssZhamb I¿Ømhv F∂ alXz]q¿Whpw `oXnZhpamb \mw \n\°v `btlXphmtI≠Xn∂v Cu {K\vYØn¬ FgpXnbncn °p∂ \nba(tXmd)Ønse F√m hN\ßfpw A\pkcn®v BNcn°p ∂Xn¬ {i≤n°Ww.' (Bh¿Ø\w 28:58). " Cu \ n b a ( t X m d ) Ø n ¬ t c J s ∏ S p Ø n b n ´ n √ m Ø F √ m tcmKßfpw _m[Ifpw \o \in°pthmfw I¿Ømhp \n∂n¬ D≠m°pw' (Bh¿Ø\w 28: 61). "\ns≥d ssZhamb I¿Ømhns≥d kzcw sNhns°m≠v Cu \nba{K\vY(tXmd)Øn¬ tcJs∏SpØnbncn°p∂ Ahs≥d I¬]\Ifpw N´ßfpw \o ]men®m¬ \ns≥d ]q¿WlrZbtØmSpw ]q¿Wm-- fl m-- t hmSpw IqsS \ns≥d ssZhamb I¿Ømhns≥d ASp°te°p \o Xncn™m¬ I¿Ømhv \ns≥d ]nXm°∑mcpsS ImcyØn¬ BÀmZw sIm≠Xpt]mse \ns∂bpw ho≠pw A`nhr≤ns∏SpØp∂Xn¬ BÀmZw sIm≈pw' (Bh¿Ø\w 30:10). Cu hN\ßfn¬ "tXmd'sb∂v {]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv Hcp {K\vYsØtbm {K\vYØnse \nbaßsftbm kqNn∏n°m\msW∂ Imcyw kv ] jv S amWv . apIfn¬ D≤cn®ncn°p∂ hN\ßfn¬ Ahkm\sØ \mseÆw tamsi ]d™XmbmWv Bh¿Ø\ ]pkv X IØn¬ D≤cn®ncn°p∂Xv . Bh¿Ø\ ]pkv X IØns≥d I¿Ømhv tamsibs√∂ Imcyw apºv hyIvXam°nbn´p≠v. At∏mƒ tamsi ChnsS {]Xn]mZn®ncn°p∂ \nba{K\vYw (tXmd) Bh¿Ø\ ]pkv X Iambncn°m≥ km[yXbn√. ]©]pkv X IØnse a‰p {K\vYßfpw cNn®Xv tamsib√t√m. At∏mƒ ]ns∂ tamsi ]d™ \nba]pkvXIw (tXmd) FXmbncn°pw? AXv At±lØn\v ssZhw AhXcn∏n®psImSpØXmbn Jp¿B\n¬ {]Xn]mZn®ncn°p∂ "XudmØv' A√msX as‰m∂pambncn°m\nSbn√. B XudmØnse \nbaßfn¬ Nneh ]©{K\vYØn¬ D≤cn°s∏´ncn°mw. AX√msX ]S®Xºpcm≥ AhXcn∏n® XudmØns≥d ]q¿Wcq]w I- c - h n- c p- X p- I - s f- ∂ - ! - a n- √ m- s X- ]©{K\v Y Øn¬ \n∂v e`n°psa∂p IcpXp∂Xv hnhct°SmWv. 49

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ko\mbn¬ \n∂p e`n® tcJIƒ

km[yX \ntj[n°m\mhns√∂p kmcw.

tamsi {]Xn]mZn®Xmbn ]©{K\v Y Øn¬ ]e {]mhiyw D≤cn®ncn°p∂ "tXmd'sb∂ \nba]pkvXIw ssZhØn¶¬ \n∂v At±lØn\v AhXcn®pIn´nb {K\vYambncn°psa∂v ]d™pht√m. tamsi°v ko\mbv ]¿hXØn¬ sh®v ssZhØm¬ tcJs∏SpØ s∏´ Nne tcJIƒ e`n®psh∂v ]©]pkvXIw Xs∂ tcJs∏Sp Øp∂p≠v.

aqkm \_n(A)°p e`n® \nbaßsf√mw I¬]eIIfn¬ FgpXs∏´psIm≠mbncp∂psh∂mWv Jp¿B≥ \¬Ip∂ kqN\. Hcp Jp¿B≥ kqIvXw t\m°pI:

"ko\mbv ]¿hXØn¬ sh®v tamsitbmSv Acpƒ sNbvXpIgn™v, ssZhw Xs≥d hncepIƒ sIm≠v FgpXnb c≠p km£y∏eIIƒ ˛I¬]eIIƒ˛ tamsi°p sImSpØp' (]pd∏mSv 31: 18). "tamsi \m¬]Xp cmhpw \m¬]Xp ]Iepw `£Ww Ign°m sXbpw sh≈w IpSn°msXbpw AhnsS I¿Ømhnt\msSm∏w Ign™p. tamsi I¬]eIIfn¬ DSºSnhmIyßƒ AXmbXv ]ØpI¬]\ FgpXn. tamsi ko\mbv ]¿hXØn¬ \n∂p km£y ∏eIIfpw ssIbnte¥n Cdßn h∂p' (]pd∏mSv 34:28, 29). Cu hN\ßfn¬ \n∂v c≠p km£y∏eIIfnembn I¿Ømhv tamsi°v ]ØpI¬]\Iƒ am{XamWv \¬InbsX∂mWv a\ nemhp∂Xv. A°meØv ]eIIfn¬ FgpXp∂ k{ºZmbam bncp∂p s]mXpsh \nehnep≠mbncp∂sX∂ Imcyw kphnZnXam Wt√m. ]ØpI¬]\If√mØ a‰p \nbaßƒ˛Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØn¬ {]Xn]mZn°s∏´Xpw A√mØXpamb \nbaßƒ˛ ssZhØn¶¬ \n∂v e`n®XmsW∂ cq]Øn¬ Xs∂bmWv ]©]pkv X IØnse {]Xn]mZ\ ssien. ]ØpI¬]\If√mØ \nbaßƒ tamsi°v ssZhnIt_m[\w hgn e`n®Xmbncn°mw. I¬]eIIfn¬ e`n®Xmbncn°m\pw km[yXbp≠v . km£y∏e IIƒ ssZhw \¬InbXmbn {]Xn]mZn°p∂ apIfnse D≤cnWnbn¬ kphyIvXamb Hcp sshcp≤yap≠v. H∂n¬ I¬]eIIfn¬ ssZhw kz¥w hncepsIms≠gpXnsb∂pw at‰Xn¬ tamsi I¬]eIIfn¬ FgpXnsb∂pamWv ]d™ncn°p∂Xv. AXn\m¬ Cu hN\ßsf A∏Sn A£cm¿∞Øn¬ kzoIcn°phm≥ km[ya√. ]ØpI¬]\ Iƒ A√mØ Nne \nbaßfpw I¬]eIIfn¬ e`n®ncn°phm\p≈ 50

"F√m ImcysØ∏‰nbpw \mw At±lØn\v (aqkm°v) ]eIIfn¬ FgpXns°mSp°pIbpw sNbv X p. AXmbXv kZp]tZihpw F√m ImcysØ∏‰nbp≈ hniZoIcWhpw. (\mw ]d™p:) Ahsb apdpsI ]nSn°pIbpw Ahbnse hfsc \√ Imcyßƒ kzoIcn°m≥ \ns≥d P\XtbmSv I¬]n°pIbpw sNøpI. [n°mcnIfpsS ]m¿∏nSw hgnsb Rm≥ \nßƒ°v ImWn®pXcp∂XmWv ' (7:145).

tXmdm tami°p tijw I¬]eIIfnembncp∂mepw As√¶nepw {K\vYcq]Øn¬ Hcp \nba]pkvXIw tamsibpsS ImeØpXs∂ \nehnep≠m bncp∂psh∂ hkvXpX \tS D≤cn® ss__nƒ hN\ßfn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ hyIvXamWv. Cu {K\vYØns≥d tIm∏n tamsi°v tijhpw \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂ ImcyØnte°pw ss__nƒ shfn®w hoip∂p≠v . tamsi°p tijw h∂ tbmiphm {]hmNI≥ Cu \nba{K\vYØns≥d tIm∏nsbSpØXmbn {]Xn]mZn°p∂ ss__nƒ hmIyw ImWpI: "tamsi FgpXnbncp∂ \nbaßfpsS Hcp ]I¿∏v AhnsS C{kmtb¬°mcpsS km∂n[yØn¬ ineIfn¬ tbmiphm tcJs∏SpØn' (tbmiphm 8:32). {]tXyIamb Ahkcßfn¬ tamsibpsS \nba]pkv X Iw hmbn°p∂ ]Xnhv C{kmboey¿°nSbn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂ hkvXpXbnte°v hnc¬ Nq≠p∂ H -- cp ]gb \nba kw`hw ImWpI: "Pe IhmSØn\p apºnep≈ Xpd mb kv Y eØp P\ßsf√mw GIa\kvIcmbn H∂n®pIqSn. I¿Ømhv C{kmboen\v \¬Inbncp∂ tamsibpsS \nba]pkvXIw sIm≠phcm≥ Ah¿ thZPvR\mb F{kmtbmSv ]d™p. tI´p a\ nem°m≥ sI¬]p≈ F√m kv{Xo]pcpj∑mcpaSßnb k`bpsS apºmsI Ggmw amkw H∂mw Znhkw F{km ]ptcmlnX≥ \nba]pkvXIw sIm≠ph∂p. 51

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

PeIhmSØn\p apºnep≈ Xpd mb kvYeØn∂v A`napJambn \n∂v {KlWiIv X nbp≈ kv { Xo]pcpj∑mcpsS apºmsI AXn cmhnse apX¬ D®hsc Abmƒ ]mcmbWw \SØn. F√m P\ßfpw {i≤m]q¿hw \nba]pkvXIw {ihn®p' (s\slaym 8:1˛3). tamsi°p tijw h∂ {]hmNI∑mcn¬ an°hcpw \nba]pkvXI (tXmd)a\pkcn®v Pohn°phm≥ P\ßsf Blzm\w sNbvXncp∂p sh∂ ImcyØnte°pw ss__nƒ shfn®w hoip∂p≠vv. tbmiphm ]d™Xmbn ]gb\nbaw D≤cn°p∂p: " AXpsIm≠p tamsibpsS \nba]pkvXIØn¬ FgpXs∏´ncn°p∂hsb√mw ]men°p∂Xnepw AXn¬ \n∂v CSwhew hyXnNen°mXncn°p∂Xnepw Zr- V NnØcmhpI' (tbmiphm 23:6). ZmhoZv Xs≥d acWiøbn¬ InS∂v tkmfat\mSv ]d™Xmbn D≤cn°s∏Sp∂ hcnIƒ {i≤n°pI: "\ns≥d ssZhamb I¿Øm hns≥d I¬]\Iƒ ]men°pI; Ahs≥d am¿Kßfn¬ hym]cn°pI. tamsibpsS \nbaØn¬ FgpXnbncn°p∂Xp {]Imcw \ns≥d ssZhamb I¿Ømhns≥d N´ßfpw I¬]\Ifpw A\pimk\ßfpw km£yßfpw ]men°pI' (1 cmPm°∑m¿ 2:3).

tXmd ]©{K\vYnb√ Chbn¬ \ns∂√mw tamsibpsS ImeØv AhXcn∏n°s∏´ \nba]pkvXIw At±lØn\v tijhpw C{kmboeycm¬ ]mcmbWw sNøs∏SpIbpw ]n¥pScs∏SpIbpw sNbvXncp∂psh∂ hkvXpX hyIvXamhp∂p≠v. Cßs\ ]mcmbWw sNøs∏´ncp∂ \nba]pkv X Iw C∂p≈ ]©]pkv X Ias√∂pw CXnt\°mƒ sNdnb Hcp {K\v Y ambncp∂psh∂pap≈ hkv X pX ss__nƒ ]W vU nX∑mc pw AwK oIc n °p∂p≠v. dh : F. k n. s¢bv‰¨ FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI': "]gb \nbaØn¬ BZysØ A©p ]pkvXIßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂ {]amWßsf \mw ]cymtemNn®m¬ ]pcmX\ P\ßƒ°p \¬Is∏´ncn°p∂ \ymb{]amWw Hcp sNdnb {K\vYØn¬ ASßnbncp∂psh∂p a\ nemIpw'.1 1. dh: F.kn.s¢bv‰¨: ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 244. 52

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

"btlmhsb am{Xw Bcm[n°Wsa∂v tamsi P\ßtfmSv D]tZin®tXmSpIqSn Ah¿ Ahs\ Bcm[nt°≠ apdbpw D]tZin®p. ]pd∏mSv, tehy]pkvXIw, Bh¿Ø\]pkvXIw F∂o {K\v Y ßfn¬ ]dbs∏ńcn°p∂ \ymb{]amWßfn¬ tamsi FgpXnbXv Ipdt®bp≈psh∂v ]dbmsa¶nepw F{_mb¿ ssIs°m≠ \ymb{]amWØn\v tamsi FgpXnb {]amWßƒ B[mcambncp∂psh∂p≈Xv \n wibamWv'.1 tamsi°p ssZhØn¶¬ \n∂p e`n® t_m[\ßfpsS kamlmcØn\mWv BZyImeØv tXmdmsb∂v ]dbs∏ńcp∂ sX∂pw ]n∂oSv Cu t_m[\ßfpw tamsibneqsS ssZhw \¬Inb \nbaßfpw DƒsIm≈p∂ {K\vYsa∂ \ne°mWv ]©]pkvXI Øn∂v s]mXphmbn tXmdsb∂v ]dbs∏Sp∂ Ahkv Y bp≠m bsX∂pw ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ hyIvXam°nbn´p≠v. "C{]Imcw \ymbw hn[n°p∂ hnjbØn¬ btlmhbpsS CjvSw Adn™h¿ ]d™ Xocpam\Øn\pw hnip≤ kv Y eØn¬ tamsi {Kln® Xocpam\ßƒ°pw IqSn \ymb{]amWw F∂¿∞ap≈ "tXmcm' F∂p t]cp ]d™ph∂p. hninjym kn\mbv aebn¬ btlmhtbmSp tamsi t\cn´p a\ nem°nb {]amWßsf°pdn°p∂Xn\v Cu ]Zw D]tbmKn®p..... ]n¬°meØv Cu I¿W]cºcb-mb {]amWßsf√mw FgpØnembt∏mƒ Cu {]amWßƒ ASßnbn´p≈ ]gb\nba Ønse BZy`mKamb A©p]pkvXIßƒ IqSn "tXmcm' AYhm \ymb{]amWw F∂p t]cp ]d™p XpSßn'.2 tamsi {]hmNI∂v ssZhw \¬Inb \nba]pkvXIw CS°meØv \jvSs∏ńcp∂psh∂pw hnkvarXnbnem≠pt]mbncp∂psh∂pap≈ kqN\Iƒ ]gb\nbaØn¬ Xs∂bp≠v . tbminb cmPmhns≥d `cWImeØv ln¬°nbmsb∂ alm]ptcmlnX≥ I¿Ømhns≥d BebØn¬ \n∂v \nba]pkvXIw Is≠SpØXmbn 2 cmPm°∑m¿ Ccp]Ønc≠mw A[ymbØnep≠v. {]kvXpX hnhcWw hmbn®m¬ Zo¿LImew \nba]pkvXIw hnkvarXnbnem≠ncp∂psh∂pw- ]n-∂oSvA- X v - I- s ≠- S p- ° - s ∏- S p- I - b m- W p- ≠ m- b - s X- ∂ p- a mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. 1. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw: 408. 2. dh:F.kn.s¢bv‰¨: ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw: 244. 53

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

aqkm\_n(A)°v A√mlp AhXcn∏n® XudmØns\ kXys∏SpØns°m≠mWv Jp¿B≥ AhXcn®ncn°p∂Xv . B XudmØv ss__nfnse ]©]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂v Is≠Sp°phm≥ Ignbn√. XudmØnse Bibßƒ ]©]pkvXIßfn¬ ]ebnSØmbn D≤cn°s∏ńcn°p∂psh∂Xv t\cmWv . F∂m¬ ]©]pkvXIØne[nIhpw ]ptcmlnX∑mcpsS hN\ßfmWp≈Xv. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂, ss__nfnse ]©]pkv X Ißƒ Jp¿B≥ icnsh°p∂ XudmØmsWt∂m ssZh{K\vYamsWt∂m ]dbp∂Xv ]cam_≤ambncn°psa∂Xn¬ kwiban√. XudmØnse Nne `mKßƒ ad®psh°pIbpw a‰p Nneh shfns∏SpØpIbpw sNbvXp sIm≠v ISemkpXp≠pIƒ \n¿an®v Ah ssZhnI {K\vYamsW∂v ]dbp∂hsc Jp¿B≥ iIvXambn hna¿in°p∂p≠v "Hcp a\pjy\pw A√mlp bmsXm∂pw AhXcn∏n®p sImSpØnń√ F∂p ]d™ kµ¿`Øn¬ A√mlphns\ hnebncptØ≠ apd{]Imcw hnebncpØmXncn°pIbmWv Ah¿ sNbvXXv. ]dbpI: F∂m¬ kXy{]Imiambns°m≠pw a\pjy¿°v am¿KZ¿iIambn s°m≠pw aqkm sIm≠ph∂ {K\v Y w BcmWv AhXcn∏n®Xv ? \nßƒ AXns\ ISemkpXp≠pIfm°n Nne `mKßƒ shfns∏Sp ØpIbpw ]eXpw Hfn®psh°pIbpw sNøp∂p≠t√m. \nßƒt°m \nßfpsS ]nXm°∑m¿t°m Adnhn√mXncp∂ ]eXpw (B {K\vY ØneqsS) \nßƒ ]Tn∏n°s∏ń´pap≠v. A√mlphmWv (AXv AhX cn∏n®Xv ) F∂p ]dbpI. ]n∂oSv AhcpsS IpX¿°ßfpambn hnfbmSphm≥ Ahsc hnt´°pI' (6:91).

k_q¿ ZmhqZv\_n(A)°v ]S®Xºpcm≥ AhXcn∏n® thZ{K\vYamWv k_q¿. "ZmhqZn\v \mw k_q¿ F∂ thZw \¬IpIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p' (Jp¿B≥ 17:55). "k_q¿' F∂ ]ZØn\¿∞w k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ F∂mWv. F∂m¬ ss__nƒ ]gb \nbaØn¬ C∂p \ne\n¬°p∂ k¶o¿Ø\ 54

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

]pkvXIw ]q¿Wambn ZmhoZv cNn®XmsW∂v {]kvXpX ]pkvXIw Xs∂ AhImis∏Sp∂n√. ZmhoZv FgpXnbsX∂v XehmNIap≈ 35 k¶o¿Ø\ßfmWp≈Xv. Ch Xs∂ ZmhoZv FgpXnbXmsW∂v JWvUnXambn ]dbm\mhns√∂mWv ]WvUnX∑mcpsS ]£w.1 F∂m¬ ZmhoZns≥d ImeØv Nne k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂pw Ahbn¬ NneXv Ct∏mgpw k¶o¿Ø\ ]pkv X IØneps≠∂pw hyIv X amWv . ]t£, Ah GsXms° bmsW∂v IrXyambn hyhtOZn®p a\ nem°m≥ ]‰nb D]IcWßsfm∂pw C∂p \ΩpsS ssIhian√. Hcp Imcyw Dd∏mWv. ZmhoZv Hcp k¶o¿Ø\°mc\mbncp∂psh∂ Imcyw. At±lØns≥d ImeØv \ne\n∂ncp∂ k¶o¿Ø\ßsf A\pIcn®psIm≠mWv ]n¬°meØv ]ecpw k¶o¿Ø\ßsfgpXnbXv. ss__nƒ h nP vvR m\ t I m i w F g p X p ∂ p : " ] p t c m l n X ∑ m c p w t Z hm eb KmbIcpambncn°Ww AhbpsS cNbnXm°ƒ.... XehmNIßfn¬ {]Xy£s∏Sp∂ hyIv X n\maßƒ GXphn[Øn¬ k¶o¿Ø\hp ambn _\v[s∏´ncn°p∂psh∂Xv hyIvXa√... ZmhoZns≥d t]cns\ kw_\v[n®mIs´ k¶o¿Ø\cN\bpambn \√ _\v[ap≈Xmbn ]ecpw AwKoIcn°p∂pap≠v. cN\°p≈ BZy{]tNmZ\sa¶nepw ZmhoZv \¬InbXmbncn°Ww F∂mWv AhcpsS \nKa\w'.2 ZmhoZns≥d ImeØv \ne\n∂ncp∂ k¶o¿Ø\ßsfbmWv Jp¿B≥ "k_q¿' F∂p ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv . Ah ssZhnI t_m[\ßfpsS kamlmcambncp∂p. F∂m¬ ZmhoZn\v tijw ]ecpw k_qdnse k¶o¿Ø\ßsf A\pIcn®psIm≠v cN\Ifp ≠m°phm≥ XpSßn. Ah \nehn¬ h∂t∏mƒ thZ{K\vYØnse k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ GsXms°bmsW∂v Xncn®dnbm≥ hømsXbmbn. ZmhoZn\v tijw \q‰m≠pIƒ Ign™mWv k¶o¿Ø\ ]pkvXIw t{ImUoIcn°s∏´Xv . At∏mƒ \nehnep≠mbncp∂ k¶o¿Ø\ ßsf√mw {]kv X pX t{ImUoIcWØn\IØv Dƒs∏´p. AXn¬ ZmhoZn\v \¬Is∏´ k_qdnse Nne k¶o¿Ø\ßfpap≠mhmw. 1. dh.F.kn.s¢bv‰¨: ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 604˛605. 2. ss__nƒ hnPvRm\tImiw ]pdw 906. 55

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

F∂m¬ Ah GsXms°bmsW∂v Xncn®dnbm≥ hømØhn[w kΩn{iamWv C∂sØ k¶o¿Ø\ ]pkvIw. "thZ°msc \nßsf¥n\mWv kXysØ AkXyhpambn Iq´n°e¿ØpIbpw Adn™psIm≠p kXyw ad®psh°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv?' (Jp¿B≥- ˛ 3:71).

\mev ss{Ikv X h ss__nfns≥d Ahkm\sØ Ccp]Øntbgp ]pkvXIßfmWv ]pXnb \nbaw F∂ t]cn¬ Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv. bnscaymhns≥d ]pkvXIØn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂ (31:31-˛34) ]pXnb DSºSnsb∂ k¶¬]Øn¬ \n∂mWv ]pXnb\nbasa∂ ]Zw hyp¬]∂ambncn°p∂Xv F∂mWv ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑mcpsS ]£w. {InkvXm_vZw aq∂mw\q‰m≠n¬ A¥cn® sX¿Øpey\mWv ]gb\nbaØneƒs∏SmØ ss__nƒ `mKßsf ]pXnb \nbaw F∂p hnfn®Xv F∂mWv IcpXs∏Sp∂Xv. \memw \q‰m≠mbt∏m tg°pw ss{Ikv X hcN\I- s f- samØØn¬ ]pXnb\nbaw F∂p hnfn°s∏Sp∂ k{ºZmbØn\v {]Nmcw kn≤n®psh∂mWv A°mesØ tcJIƒ ImWn°p∂Xv.

]pXnb \nbaw

]pXnb\nbaØn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂ ]pkvXI ßsf°pdn®v, ]gb\nba ]pkvXIßsft∏mse, Imcyamb A`n{]m bm¥cßsfm∂pw hyXykvX {InkvXy≥ {Kq∏pIƒ°nSbn¬ \ne \n¬°p∂n√. Ccp]Øntbgp]pkv X IßfmWv ]pXnb\nbaØn ep≈sX∂v s]mXphmbn AwKoIcn°s∏Sp∂p. F∂m¬ A¬] kz¬]w A`n{]mbhyXymkßƒ Cu hnjbØn¬ C√msXbn√. lm¿]dpsS ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "kndnb≥ N¿®ns≥d Nne imJIƒ ]t{Xmkns≥d c≠mw teJ\hpw tbml∂ms≥d c≠pw aq∂pw teJ\ßfpw bqZmbpsS teJ\hpw 56

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

shfn]mSp ]pkvXIhpw AwKoIrX {K\vYßfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØp∂n√. am¿´n≥ eqYsd ]n¥pS¿∂ph∂ Nne s{]m´kv‰≥dv ]WvUnX∑m¿ F{_mb¿°p≈ teJ\hpw bmt°m_ns≥d teJ\hpw bqZmbpsS teJ\hpw a‰p≈ ]pXnb\nbaßfpsS A{X Xs∂ B[nImcnIa s√∂v A`n{]mbs∏SpIbpw henb Ccp]Øntbgv ]pkvXIßƒ° IØv ]q¿Wambpw \nbam\pkrXamb sNdnsbmcp `mK˛Imt\m \n\p≈nse Imt\m≥˛Øn\pth≠n hmZn°pIbpw sNbvXhcmWv.'1 ]pXnb \nbaØnse Ccp]Øntbgv ]pkv X Ißƒ hnjbm [njvTnXambn aq∂p Iq´ßfmbn´mWv s]mXphmbn Xncn°s∏Sp∂Xv. H∂v, Ncn{X]camb {K\vYßƒ: \mep kphntijßfpw At∏mkvXe {]hrØnIfpw Cu {Kq∏n¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂p. c≠v, teJ\ßƒ: ]utemkns≥d IØpIfpw F{_mb ]pkvXIhpw ImtXmenIhpw A√mØXpamb FgpØpIfpw CXn¬s]Sp∂p.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

IØpIfpw teJ\ßfpw, shfn]mSv F∂ {IaamWv . CXv apºv kzoIcn°s∏´ncp∂ Ggv {Iaßfnsem∂pam{XamWv. {InkvXm_vZw 397se Im¿tØPv kp\ltZmkv apt∂m´psh® Cu {IaamWv sXt{¥mkv kp\ltZmkv ({InkvXm _vZw 1545˛1563) AwKoIcn® sX∂Xn\m¬ AXmWv C∂p ss__nfn¬ kzoIcn°s∏Sp∂sX∂p am{Xtabp≈q.

kphntijßƒ "kphntijw' F∂p ]cn`mjs∏SpØp∂Xv tKmkv ] ¬ (Gosp e l ) F∂ Cw•ojv ]ZsØbmWv. ssZhktµiw F∂v A¿∞w hcp∂ tKmUv kvs]¬ (God spell )F∂ Bt•m kmIvk¨ ]ZØn¬ \n∂mWv tKmkv s ]¬ F∂ Cw•ojv ]Zw D≠mbncn°p∂Xv . " C h m ≥ t K e n t b m ¨ ' (Evangelion) F ∂ { K o ° v ] Z Ø n \ v kam¥cambmWv tKmkvs]¬ F∂v Cw•ojnepw kphntijw F∂v aebmfØnepw {]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂Xv.

aq∂v, At∏m°en]vkv AYhm shfn]mSp ]pkvXIw. Cu XcwXncnhns≥d ASnkvYm\ØnemWv ]pXnb \nbaØnse ]pkvXIßƒ kamlcn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. A√msX FgpXs∏´Xns≥d ASnkvYm\Øne√. BZyambn cNn°s∏´ ]pXnb \nba {K\v Y ßƒ kphntijßf√, {]XypX ]utemkns≥d teJ\ßfmWv. Ah {InkvXm_vZw \m¬]Xn\pw Adp]Xn\pw CS°v FgpXs∏´hbmsW∂mWv ]WvUnX∑mcpsS s]mXphmb A`n{]mbw. G‰hpw ]g°ap≈ ]pXnb\nba]pkvXIamb sX tem \nb°m¿°v ]utemkv FgpXnb H∂mw teJ\Øn\v {InkvXm_vZw AºXntesd ]g°ans√∂mWv an° ]WvUnX∑mcptSbpw A`n{]mbw.2 ]utemkns≥d teJ\ßsfmgn®v a‰p ]pXnb \nba{K\vYßsf√mw {Inkv X m_v Z w 65\pw 150\panS°v cNn°s∏´hbmWv . ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ C∂v kzoIcn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv kphntijßƒ, At∏mkv X e {]h¿ØnIƒ, ]utemkns≥d IØpIƒ, s]mXp 1. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 698. 2. The New Jerome Biblical Commentary Page 773.

]pXnb \nbaØnse BZysØ \mep ]pkvXIßfmWv C∂p kphntijßƒ F∂ t]cn¬ Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv. aØmbn, a¿t°mkv, eqt°mkv , tbml∂m≥ XpSßnbhcpsS t]cnep≈hbmWv Cu kphntijßƒ. tbiphns\ kw_\v[n® B[nImcnI hnhcßƒ \¬Ip∂ tcJIfmbn k`Iƒ ]cnKWn°p∂Xv Cu kphntij ßsfbmWv. C∂p \ne\n¬°p∂ kphntijßfpsS cN\°v apºp Xs∂ "kphntijw' F∂ ]Zw {]NmcØnep≠mbncp∂psh∂v ImWm≥ Ignbpw. kphntijßfpsS cN\°p apºp Xs∂ cNn°s∏´ ]utemkns≥d teJ\ßfnemWv kphntijw F∂ ]Zw G‰hpa[nIw {]tbmKn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. "ssZhØns≥d kphntijw' (tdmam°m¿ 1:1; 15:16;2 sImcn¥y¿ 11:7), "{InkvXphns≥d kphntijw' (tdmam°m¿ 15:19;1 sImcn¥y¿ 9:12; sImcn¥y¿ 2:12) XpSßnb ]Z{]tbmKßfmWv ]utemkns≥d teJ\ßfnep≈Xv . tbip Xs∂bpw Xs≥d {]t_m[\ImeØv kphntijsØ°pdn®v ]d™ncp∂psh∂v kphntijßfn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbp∂p≠v (am¿t°mkv 1: 14,15, 8:35, 13:10, 14:9, 10: 29). CXn¬ \n∂v hmsamgntbm 59

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hcsamgntbm Bbn tbiphns≥d ImeØpXs∂ Hcp kphntijw \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂v hyIv X amWv . C∂v Adnbs∏Sp∂ enJnX kphntijßƒ {]NmcØnembtXmSpIqSn BZyImeØv \ne\n∂ncp∂ "kphntijw' hnkvarXnbn¬ ebn®pt]mbn F∂p thWw A\pam\n°phm≥. "c≠mw \q‰m≠p apXemWv FgpXs∏´ {K\v Y ßƒ F∂ \nebn¬"kphntijßƒ' F∂p]tbmKn®p XpSßnbXv . AXn∂p apºv hmsamgnbmbncp∂hsb am{Xsa kphntijw F∂p hnfn®ncp∂p≈q'.1 "kphntijßƒ a\pjyIcßfm¬ hncNnXsa¶nepw AXns≥d bYm¿∞ I¿ØrXzw ssZhØn\mWv'2 F∂ ss__nƒ hnPvRm\ tImiØns≥d A`n{]mb{]IS\Ønse icnbpw sX‰pw hniZambn N¿® sNøs∏tS≠XmWv. AXn∂p apºv tbiphns≥d PohnXsØbpw ktµisØbpw Ipdn® {]amZclnXamb hnhcßƒ \¬Ip∂ {K\v Y ßƒ F∂ JymXn°v kphntijßƒ A¿lam tWmsb∂v ]cntim[n°s∏tS≠Xp≠v. kphntij-ßƒ tbiphn s\°pdn®v \¬Ip∂ Nn{Xw Ncn{X]camtWm? Ah \¬Ip∂ hniZoIcWßƒ kzoIcn°s∏Sm≥ \qdpiXam\w A¿lamtWm? tbiphns≥d P\\tØmSpw PohnXtØmSpw acWtØmSpw A\p_\v[n®v kw`hn®psh∂v kphntij I¿Øm°ƒ hniZoI cn°p∂ kw`hßƒ F{XtØmfw hnizmktbmKyamWv?

ZrIvkm£nIf√ kphntijI¿Øm°fmbn Adnbs∏Sp∂ \mept]cn¬ c≠p t]¿ tbiphns≥d At∏mkv X e∑mcmWv . aØmbnbpw tbml∂m\pw. l¬shbpsS ]p{X\mb tehnsb∂ Np¶°mc\mWv (am¿t°mkv 2:14) {Inkv X phns≥d At∏mkv X e\mbnØo¿∂ aØmbn. Cu aØmbnb√ kphntij I¿Ømhmb aØmbnsb∂Xn\v Cu kphntijw Xs∂ sXfnhp\¬Ip∂p≠v. At∏mkvXe\mb aØmbnsb°pdn®v {]Xn]mZn°p∂nSØv aØmbnbpsS 1. tUm.amXyp sh≈m\n°¬ (No^v FUn.) ss__nƒ hnPvRm\ tImiw ]pdw 949. 2. A-tX- ]-p-kv-X-Iw- ]pdw 949 60

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

kphntijØn¬ "Rm≥' F∂ k¿h\maØn\v ]Icw "Ah≥' F∂ k¿h\maamWv D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv . "tbip AhnsS \n∂p t]mIptºmƒ aØmbnsb∂ t]cp≈ Hcmƒ Np¶ kvYeØncn°p∂Xp I≠p. AbmtfmSv Ah≥ ]d™p: "Fs∂ A\pKan°pI'. Abmƒ Fgpt∂‰v Ahs\ A\pKan®p' (aØmbn 9:9). aØmbnbmWv Cu `mKßƒ FgpXnbsX¶n¬ "Ah≥' F∂Xn\v ]Icw "Rm≥' F∂mbncp∂pht√m {]tbmKnt°≠nbncp∂Xv. aØmbnbpsS kphntijw At∏mkvXe\mb aØmbn cNn®Xs√∂ hkv X pX C∂v F√m ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑mcpw AwKoIcn®pIgn™n´p≠v. "Np¶°mc\mb aØmbnbpsS t]cn¬ Adnbs∏Sp∂ kphntijw FgpXnbXv At±las√∂ hkv X pX H´\h[n KthjI∑m¿ hyIvXam°nbn´p≠v. F¶nepw Cu kphntij cN\°v ]ivNmØe samcp°nb ]mcºcyØns≥d cq]oIcWØn¬ Hcp ]¶v aØmbn°p s≠∂ Imcyw hyIvXamWv'.1 "At∏mkvXe\mb aØmbnbmWv Cu kphntijw cNn®sX∂ ]ucmWnI ]mcºcyw bpIvXnkla√. a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijw GXm≠v apgph\mbnØs∂ AtXt]mse aØmbnbpsS kphntijØn¬ FSp°s∏´n´p≠v. tbiphns≥d Hcp injy≥ Xs≥d Hm¿ΩIfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ FgpXp∂Xn\p ]Icw tbiphpambn t\cn´v _\v [ ßsfm∂pan√mØ HcmfpsS cN\sb ]q¿Æambn B{ibn®psh∂v IcpXm≥ \n¿∆mlan√'.2 "CXns≥d {Ko°p aqeØn¬ a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijw ]q¿Wambn A¬]w t`ZKXnItfmsS ]I¿Ønbn´p≠v F∂Xn\m¬ ZrIvkm£nbmb Hcp At∏mkvXes≥d cN\bmWv aØmbnbpsS kphntijØns≥d Ct∏mgp≈ cq]sa∂v IcpXp∂Xv icnbmbncn °pIbn√'.3 1. The New Jerusalem Bible Page 1599 1. The New American Bible Page 1061 2. The New Jerome Biblical Commentary Page 630.

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

At∏mƒ At∏mkvXe\mb aØmbnb√ "aØmbnbpsS kphntijØns≥d I¿Ømhv. ]ns∂ Bcv? lm¿]dpsS ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]dbp∂p: "kndnbbnse At¥ymIybntem kao] {]tZißfntem D≈ Hcp k`bpsS Iogn¬ Pohn®ncp∂ Hcp APvRmX {InkvXym\n GItZiw {InkvXm_vZw 90 ¬ cNn® Hcp IrXnbmWv aØmbnbpsS kphntijw'.1 {]KXv` ss__nƒ ]WvUnX\mb sdbva≠v C {_u¨ FgpXp∂p: "hnPmXobcn¬ \n∂pw blqZcn¬ \n∂pw am\km¥cs∏´, ss{IkvXhcpsS kaqlØn¬ G¨]XpIfn¬ Pohn®ncp∂, {Ko°p `mj kwkmcn®ncp∂, Adnbs∏SmØ Hcp blqZ ss{IkvXh\mmWv k nd nbmb n¬ sh®v aØmbn bpsS kp h ntij w Fgp X nbX v F∂mXmWv B[p\nI ]WvUnX∑mcpsS \nKa\w'.2 At∏mkvXe\mb aØmbnbpsS t]cn¬ Adnbs∏Sp∂ kphntijw cNn®Xv BcmsW∂v ssZhØn\√msX a‰m¿°padn™p IqsS∂mWt√m CXn¬ \n∂p a\ nemt°≠Xv. B[p\nI ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑m¿ apgph≥ Cu kphntijw tbiphns\ I≠n´n√mØ Btcm FgpXn At∏mkv X e\mb aØmbnbn¬ Btcm]n®XmsW∂ ]£°mcmWv. CXp Xs∂bmWv At∏mkv X e\mb tbml∂ms≥d t]cn¬ Adnbs∏Sp∂ kphntijØns≥dbpw AhkvY. Keoen°Sen¬ ao≥ ]nSpØ°mc\mbncp∂ sk_ZnbpsS aI\mWv At∏mkvXe\mb tbml∂m≥. aØmbnbpsS kphntijØn¬ aØmbnsb∏‰n ]dbp∂Xpt]mse, tbml∂m≥ kphntijØn¬ At∏mkvX e\mb tbml∂ms\°pdn®p {]Xn]mZn°p∂bnSßfn¬ "Ah≥' F∂ k¿∆\maamWv D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. tbml∂m≥ At∏mkvXe \mWv Cu kphntijØns≥d cNbnXmsh¶n¬ "Rm≥' F∂mbncp ∂pht√m ChnSßfn¬ {]tbmKnt°≠nbncp∂Xv.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

CXp km£ys∏SpØnbncn°p∂p. AbmfpsS km£yw kXyamIp∂p. Xm≥ ]dbp∂Xp kXyamsW∂v Abmƒ°v Adnbmw' (tbml∂m≥ 19: 35) H´\h[n sXfnhpIfsS ASnkv Y m\Øn¬ tbml∂ms≥d kphntijw cNn®Xv At∏mkvXe\mb tbml∂m\msW∂ ]cº cmKX hnizmkw icnbs√∂v ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ hyIvXam °nbn´p≠v . tbml∂m≥ hc®p ImWn°p∂ tbipNn{Xw a‰p kphntijßfpw ]mcºcyßfpw tbiphns\ kw_\v[n®p \¬Ip∂ hnhcWßfpambn hyIv X amb sshcp≤yw {]ISn∏n°p∂psh∂ ImcWØmemWv {]kvXpX kphntijØns≥d At∏mkvXenIamb D¬]Ønbn¬ {]apJ ]WvUnX∑msc√mw kwibw {]ISn∏n°p∂Xv. "H´\h[n ImcWßfm¬ Cu kphntijØn\v At∏mkv X enIamb D¬]Øn I¬∏n°p∂Xv B[p\nI ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ an°hcpw AwKoIcn°p∂n√'.1 "tbiphns\ kw_\v[n®v \memw kphntijw \¬Ip∂ XmcXtay\ hyXykvXhpw hncp≤hpamb Nn{Xw AXns≥d tlXpsh bpw AhkvYtbbpw t]mse Xs∂ AXns≥d Ncn{X]cXsbbpw kw_\v[n® H´\h[n {]iv\ßfpb¿Øp∂p≠v.'. 2 "CXns≥d {K\v Y I¿ØmhmcmsW∂pw CXn¬ FgpXs∏´n cn°p∂h bYm¿∞ Ncn{Xkw`hßfmtWm A√tbm F∂pw kwlnXkphntijßƒ°pw shfn]mSp]pkvXIØn\pw CXn\pw XΩnep≈ _\v[sa¥msW∂pw CXn¬ ]dbs∏Sp∂ tbip km£m¬ A{]Imcap≈h\mtWm F∂pap≈ ]eamXncn X¿°ßƒ Ign™ c≠p \q‰m≠pIfn¬ sshZnI]WvUnX∑mcpsS CSbnep≠m bn´p≠v. Ct∏mgpw Cu \memw kphntijsØ kw_\v[n®p Nne kwibßƒ Xo¿∂n´n√'.3 "GsX¶nepsamcp {K\v Y I¿Ømhn\v klNc∑mcmbn Hcp

"\nßfpw hnizkn°phm≥ th≠n t\cn¬ I≠ Bƒ (tbml∂m≥) 1. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 613.

1. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 496. 2. Ibid Page 497.

2. sdbva≠v C.{_u¨: aninlmbpiS P\\w ]pdw 17.

3. dh:F.kn.s¢bv‰¨: ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 497.

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

injyKWap≠mbncp∂psh∂p IcpXpI. Kpcphns≥d acWm\¥cw At±lØns≥d Bibßƒ°v {]Nmcw \¬Iphm\mbn injy∑m¿ cNn®ncp∂ IrXnbpsS I¿ØrXzw Kpcphn¬ Btcm]n°pI ]Xnhm bncp∂p.... \memasØ kphntijØns≥d I¿Ømhns\°pdn®p≈ Nn¥bn¬, ta¬ {]kvXmhn®hsb√mw IW°nseSptØ aXnbmhq'. 1 {InkvXp injy∑m¿ cNn®sX∂v IcpXs∏ńcp∂ c≠p kphntijßƒ˛ aØmbnbpw tbml∂m\pw˛ Xs∂ Ahcm¬ cNn°s∏´Xs√∂pw AhcpsS ImeØn\v ]Xn‰m≠pIƒ Ign™mWv AhbpsS cN\ \S∂sX∂pamWv ]pXnb KthjWßƒ hyIvX am°p∂sX∂v \mw a\ nem°n. a‰p c≠p kphntijßfpsS ˛ a¿t°mkpw eqt°mkpw˛ I¿Øm°ƒ tbiphns≥d At∏mkvXe∑m tcm At±lØns≥d PohnXØns≥d ZrIvkm£nItfm BsW∂v B¿°pw A`n{]mban√. ]cºcmKX hnizmk {]Imcw Xs∂ Ah¿ At∏mkvXe∑mcpsS injy∑m¿ am{XamWv. ]t{Xmkns≥d injy \mbncp∂ a¿t°mkv c≠masØ kphntijhpw ]utemkns≥d injy\mbncp∂ eqt°mkv aq∂mw kphntijhpw FgpXnsb∂mWv ]cºcmKX hnizmkw. kphntijßfn¬ BZyambn cNn°s∏´Xv a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijamsW∂mWv `qcn]£w ]WvUnX∑mcpsSbpw A`n{]mbw. Cu k p h n t i j w F g p X n b X v ] t { X m k n s ≥ d Z z n ` m j n b p w klmbnbpamb a¿s°mkv BsW∂mWv BZyw apX¬t°bp≈ k`mhnizmkw. F¶nepw Cu hnizmkØn\v {]kv X pX kphnti jØn¬ sXfnhpIsfm∂pan√. F¶nepw ]cºcmKXambn ss{IkvXh kaqlw B hnizmkw \ne\n¿Ønt∏m∂ncp∂Xn\m¬ AXv icnXs∂bmsW∂mWv k`bpsS \ne]mSv. CXv a¿s°mkv Xs∂bmWv FgpXnbsX∂v IcpXpI. At±lw tbiphns\ ImWpItbm At±lØns≥d D]tZißƒ {ihn°pItbm sNbvX Bf√. BZyIme ss{IkvX{K\vYImc∑mcnsemcmfmb ]m∏nbkns\ dh: F.kn.s¢bv‰¨ D≤cn°p∂Xv ImWpI: "a¿s°mkv \ΩpsS I¿Ømhv Acpfn sNbvX D]tZißsf t\cn´v tIńń√.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

{InkvXphnt\mSp IqsS Xm≥ bm{X sNbvXn´pan√. Abmƒ ]t{Xmkn t\mSv IqsS k©cn®p. ]t{Xmkv {InkvXphns≥d D]tZisØ Ncn{X {Iaa\pkcn®p {]kwKn°Wsa∂p IcpXnbncp∂n√. ]ns∂tbm, Xm≥ I≠ kÌƒ ÌvXnbn¬ hf¿® {]m]n°p∂Xn\v B ImeØp ≈ ]cnXkv Y nXnIƒ°v A\ptbmPyamb coXnbn¬ {]kwKn®p t]m∂p. AXn\m¬ a¿s°mkv {InkvXphns≥d {]`mjWßsfbpw {]hrØnItfbpw Ah \S∂ {Iaa\pkcn®v FgpXnbnń√. F¶nepw, Xm≥ Hm¿Ωn®v FgpXptºmƒ Xm≥ tI´ kwKXnIƒ hnSmsX FgpXnbncp∂p'.1 eqt°mkns≥d kphntijw FgpXnbXv ]utemkns≥d tXmg\mb eqt°mkmsW∂mWv s]mXphmb ]WvUnXm ` n { ] m b s a ¶ n e p w B [ p \ n I ] W v U n X ∑ m c n ¬ N n e ¿ Cu A`n{]mbsØ XnckvIcn°p∂hcmbpap≠v. lm¿]dpsS ss__nƒ \nL≠p ImWpI: "B[p\nI ]WvUnX∑mcn¬ an°hcpw eqt°mkn s≥d kphntijhpw At∏mkvXe{]hrØnIfpw cNn®Xv Htc hyIvXn Xs∂bmsW∂v kΩXn°p∂ps≠¶nepw ]ecpw ChbpsS I¿Ømhv ]utemkns≥d klNmcnbmsW∂ ]mcºcy hnizmkw AwKoIcn °p∂hc√. At∏mkvXe {]hrØnIfpsS cNbnXmhn\v ]utemkns≥d kmlnXycN\Isf°pdnt®m At±lØns≥d IØpIfn¬ ImWp∂ {][m\ ssZhimkv{Xho£Wßsf °pdnt®m bmsXm∂padnbns√∂ ImcyamWv Ah¿ Nq≠n°mWn°p∂Xv.2 dh:F.kn.s¢bv‰¨ FgpXp∂p:"hnip.]utemkns≥d kJnbpw { ] n b s s h Z y \ p a m b e q t ° m k v Cu c ≠ v ] p k v X I ß f p w (eqt°mkns≥d kphntijhpw At∏mkvXe{]hrØnIfpw) FgpXnbsX∂mWv BZy {Inkv X ob ]mcºcyßfn¬ \n∂pw a\ nemhp∂Xv. FgpXnb Bfns≥d t]cv HcnSØpw ]d™n´pan√'.3 CXv eqt°mkmWv FgpXnbXv F∂ {Inkv X ob]mcºcyw AwKoIcn®m¬ Xs∂ At±lw tbiphns≥d ZrIv k m£nbmbn 1. ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 374. 1. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page Page 1061

1. tUm.amXyp sh≈m\n°¬ (No-^v FUn.)ss__nƒ hnPvRm\ tImiw ]pdw 957. 64

2. ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 531. 65

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

cp∂n√ F∂Xn\m¬ At±lØns≥d hN\ßƒ F{XtØmfw k zo Imcy{]Z amWv F ∂ Imc yw hn N n¥ \ Ø n\ v h nt[ bam t°≠XmWv . Xm≥ kphntijw FgpXp∂Xv ZrIv k m£nIfpsS hN\ßfpsS ASnkv Y m\ØnemWv F∂ kqN\ eqt°mkns≥d kphntijØn¬ Xs∂bp≠v (1:2). ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑mcpsS A`n{]mbhpw adn®√. kphntijI¿Øm°sfm∂pw Xs∂ tbiphns≥d PohnXØn\v ZrIvkm£nIfmbncp∂ns√∂ hkvXpX hnJymX ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX\mb sdbv a ≠v {_u¨ hyIv X am°p∂Xv ImWpI: "kphntij I¿Øm°fn¬ Bcpw an°hmdpw tbiphns≥d ]cky PohnXØn\v ZrIv k m£nIfmbncp∂n√. Ahsc√mhcpw c≠mw Xeapd°msc∂v hntijn∏n°mhp∂ {InkvXym\nIfs{X. a‰p≈hcn¬ \n∂mWv Ah¿ tbiphns\∏‰n tI´Xv. Aßs\ e`n® ss]XrIsØ kphntij{K\vYßfpsS enJnXcq]Øn¬ t{ImUoIcn°pIbmWv Ah¿ sNbvXXv.'1 HcmfpsS PohnXsØ°pdn® hyIv X hpw kwibclnXhpamb tcJbmbn ]cnKWn°p∂Xv Abmsf kw_\v [ n® ZrIv k m£n hnhcWßfmWv. tbiphns\°pdn®v Hscm‰ ZrIvkm£n hnhcWw t]mepw \nehnens√∂mWv B[p\nI KthjWßƒ hyIvXam°n bn´p≈Xv . kphntij I¿Øm°fnemcpw Xs∂ tbiphns≥d PohnXØns≥d ZrIvkm£nIf√mØn\m¬ Xs∂ Ah¿ \¬Ip∂ PohNcn{Xw \qdpiXam\w kXyk\v[amsW∂p ]dbm≥ Ignbn√.

kphntijßfpsS cq]oIcWw tbiphns≥d PohnXw t\cn¬ ImWpItbm D]tZißƒ {ihn°pItbm sNømØhcmWv C∂p \ne\n¬°p∂ \mev kphntijßfptSbpw I¿Øm°ƒ F∂p \mw a\ nem°n. ]ns∂ AhcpsS t{kmX pIƒ Fs¥ms°bmbncp∂p? F¥n\p th≠nbmWv Ah¿ kphntijßƒ cNn®Xv? 1. Raymond-E-Brown:Responses To 101 Questions On The Bible Page 57.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

kphntijßfpsS cN\tbbpw Ahbv ° v tbiphpambp≈ _\v[sØbpw Ipdn®v {]KXv` ss__nƒ]WvUnX\mb sdbv a ≠v ˛ C˛{_u¨ FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: "kphntijcN\°v hgnsbmcp°nb tbiphns\∏‰nbp≈ ]mcºcy hnImkØns≥d aq∂p L´ßsf∏‰n Rm≥ hniZoIcn°mw....... tbiphns≥d ]ckyPohnXtØmsSbmWv H∂mwL´w Bcw`n°p∂Xv. Keoenbnepw {]m¥{]tZißfnepw kphntijw {]kwKn°pIbpw tcmKnIsf kpJs∏SpØpIbpw sNbvX ImeL´w. tbip {i≤m¿lamb Imcyßƒ sNbvXpsh∂pw Xs≥d ktµiw kz¥w hm°pIfn¬ Xs∂ Adnbn®p sh∂pw Cu kao]\w Du∂n]dbp∂p. A\pbmbnIƒ°v At±lØns≥d hm°pIfpw {]hrØnIfpw t\cn´dnbm≥ Ign™p. Ahcn¬ Nne¿ tbiphns≥d klNmcnIfpw ]n¬°meØv At±lØns≥d At∏mkvXe∑mcmbn Adnb s∏´hcpamWv..... kphntijßfpsS cN\°v hgnsbmcp°nb tbip ]mcºcyØns≥d hnImkØnse c≠mw L´w tbiphns≥d acWØn\pw Db¿sØgpt∂¬]n\pw tijap≠mb hN\ {]tLmjWImeamWv. C∏d™ L´ßƒ°v IrXyamb Ime]cn[n \nivNbn°Wsa∂ps≠¶n¬ BZy\q‰m≠ns≥d BZyaq∂n sem∂mbncn°pw H∂mwL´Øn\v Rm≥ \n¿t±in°pI. c≠mw L´Øns≥d {]tLmjWImew 65˛mam ≠phscbp≈ c≠masØ aq∂nsem∂pw...... tbiphns\ ImWpItbm tIƒ°ptbm sNbvXn´n√mØh¿ BZnakm£nIfn¬ \n∂p tI´dn™ Imcyßsf B{ibn®psIm≠v B {]tLmjW {]{Inbbn¬ ]¶mfnIfmhpI A\nhmcyambncp∂p. ^etam? kphntij {]tLmjWw ZrIv k m£nIfptSbpw ZrIv k m£nIf√mØhcptSbpw hnhcW ßfpsS kΩn{iambnØo¿∂p... kp hntijßƒ AhbpsS C∂sØ cq]Øn¬ FgpXs∏´ ImeamWv aq∂mwL´w. H∂mw \q‰m≠ns≥d Ahkm\sØ aq∂nsem∂msW∂v AXns\ \n¿Wbn°mw. a¿s°mkns≥d kphntijcN\ \S∂Xv 70epw aØmbnbpw eq°mbpw FgpXs∏´Xv 80\pw 90\panS°pw tbml∂ms≥d kphntijcN\ 90 Ifnepw Bbncp∂ncn°Ww. CsX√mw GItZiIW°pIfmWv . ]Øph¿jw IqSpItbm IpdbpItbm 67

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

sNbvXn´p≠mImw. tbip]mcºcyØns≥d Nne `mKßƒ CXn\papºv Xs∂ FgpXs∏´h Bbncn∂ncn°mw. kphntijcN\°p apºp≠mbncp∂ tcJIsfm∂pw, ]s£, \ap°n∂p e`n®n´n√. aq∂mwL´w a\ nem°m\p≈ Hcp Xmt°m¬, kphntij I¿Øm°fn¬ Bcpw an°hmdpw tbiphns≥d ]ckyPohnXØn\v ZrIvkm£nbmbncp∂n√ F∂Xs{X. Ahsc√mhcpw c≠mw Xeapd°msW∂p hntijn∏n°mhp∂ {InkvXym\nIfmWv. a‰p≈hcn¬ \n∂mWv Ah¿ tbiphns\∏‰n tI´Xv. Aßs\ e`n® ss]XrIsØ kphntij{K\vYßfpsS enJnXcq]Øn¬ t{ImUoIcn°pIbmWv Ah¿ sNbvXXv'.1 ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX\mb sdbv a ≠v - ˛ C˛{_uWns≥d apIfn ep≤cn® A`n{]mbßƒ At±lØns≥d sshbIvXnIamb A`n{]mba√. tdma≥ s]m¥n^n°¬ _nªn°¬ IΩojs≥d 1964se {]t_m[\tcJbpsS ASnkv Y m\ØnemWv At±lw Cu hkv X pXIƒ \ncØp∂Xv . Zn \yq Pdpktew ss__nfnse kphntijßƒ°p≈ apJhpcbnepw2 a‰p B[p\nI ss__nƒ `mjyßfnepw \nL≠pIfnepsa√mw C°mcyw hyIvXam°nbn´p≠v. tI´ptIƒhnbpsS ASnkv Y m\Øn¬ am{XamWv kphntij I¿Øm°ƒ tbiphns\°pdn®v FgpXnbsX∂mWt√m CXn∂¿∞w. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ XßfptSXmb ho£Wßƒ AhcpsS cN\bn¬ kzm`mhnIambpw kzm[o\w sNepØnbncn°Ww. kXyØn¬, Ncn{X]pcpj\mb tbiphns\ s]mXpP\a[yØn¬ AhXcn∏n°pI bmbncp∂n√: {]XypX, Xßƒ ]dbp∂ coXnbnep≈ hyIv X nbm bncp∂p tbipsh∂v hcpØnØo¿°pIbmbncp∂p kphntijI¿ Øm°fpsS e£yw. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ XßfptSXmb ssZhimkv { Xho£Wßƒ°\pkcn®p≈ Hcp tbipNn{XamWv Hmtcm kphntij I¿Ømhpw tcJs∏SpØnsh®Xv . XßfpsS Nn{XsØ \ymboIcn°p∂Xn\mhiyamb kw`hßƒ tbip Ncn{XtØmSv Iq´nt®¿°p∂Xn∂pt]mepw bmsXmcp ssha\kyhp 1. Reymond-E-Brown:Responses To 101 Qustions On The Bible Page 55-57. 2. The New Jerosalem Bible Page 1599-1603.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

an√mØhcmbncp∂p kphntijI¿Øm°ƒ F∂mWv kq£v a hniIe\w \SØnbn´p≈ ]WvUnX∑m¿ A`n{]mbs∏ńcn°p∂Xv. sdbv a ≠v {_u¨ FgpXp∂p: "Hmtcm kphntij I¿Ømhpw tbiphns\∏‰nbp≈ Xs≥d [mcWb\pkcn®v hmb\°mcpsS B[ymXvanImhiyßƒ km[n®psImSp°m\pXIpw hn[w tbiphns\ Nn{XoIcn°m\mcw`n®p. -êtam? Xßƒ°v e`n® tbip ]mcºcysØ cq]s∏SpØpIbpw hnIkn∏ns®Sp°pIbpw shń®pcp°pIbpw sNøp∂ ]q¿Æ {K\v Y Imc∑mcmbpw B ]mcºcysØ Hcp khntij e£yØnte°p \bn°p∂ ssZhimkv { XImc∑mcmbpw kphntijI∑m¿ \ΩpsS apºn¬ {]Xy£s∏Sp∂p'1

t{kmX pIƒ kphntijßfn¬ BZyw cNn°s∏´Xv a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijambncp∂psh∂ ImcyØn¬ C∂v ]WvUnX∑m¿°nSbn¬ A`n{]mb`n∂XIsfm∂pan√. aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw XßfpsS kphntijßfpsS cN\°v {][m\ambpw Ahew_n®ncn°p∂Xv a¿t°mkns\bmWv. a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijØn¬ BsI 673 hmIyßfmWp≈Xv . CXn¬ 606 hmIyßfpsS Bibw GXm≠v AtXt]mseØs∂ aØmbnbnep≠v . a¿t°mkn¬ \n∂v 350 hmIyßƒ LS\bn¬ kmca√mØ hyXymkßtfmSp IqSn eqt°mkpw kzoIcn®n´p≠v. aØmbnbpsS kphntijØn¬ BsI 1068 hmIyßfmWp≈Xv. eqt°mknt≥dXn¬ 1149Dw. aØmbn 606Dw eqt°mkv 350Dw hmIyßƒ a¿t°mkn¬ \n∂pw ]I¿Ønbn´ps≠∂v ]d™pht√m. aØmbnbnepw eqt°mknepw s]mXphmbn 235 hmIyßfp≠v . aØmbnbptSXv kz¥ambn 300Hmfw hmIyßfpw eqt°mknt≥dXv kz¥ambn A™q‰nAºtXmfw hmIyßfpamWp≈Xv. Cu hniIe\Øn¬ \n∂v Hcp KthjW hnZym¿∞n°v aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijsØ°qSmsX Ht∂m 1. Responses to 101 Questions On The Bible Page 57.

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

AXne[nItam t{kmX pIsf XßfpsS kphntij cN\°v D]tbmKn®n´p≠mhmsa∂ \nKa\ØnseØm≥ {]bmkan√. aØmbn, a¿t°mkv, eqt°mkv F∂o kphntijßƒ XΩnep≈ kmPmXyßfpsSbpw sshPmXyßfpsSbpw shfn®Øn¬ Ahbv°v B[mcambn `hn® t{kmX pIsf°pdn®v H∂ne[nIw kn≤m¥ßƒ DSseSp°pIbp≠mbn. Ahbn¬ C∂p kzoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xv Zzn t{kmX v kn≤m¥hpw (Two Source Theory) NXp¿t{kmXkv kn≤m¥hp (Four Source Theory) amWv. aØmbnbpsSbpw a¿t°mkns≥dbpw kphntijßƒ XΩn¬ s]mcpØs∏Sp∂Xv Ah a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijhpambn s]mcpØs∏Sptºmƒ am{XamsW∂ \nco£Ww hnIkn∏n s®SpØpsIm≠v Pn.em°vam\pw F®v.sP.tlmƒSvkvam\pw, _n.hbv pw IqSn AhXcn∏n®XmWv Zzn t{kmX v kn≤m¥w. aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw c≠v t{kmX p Ifp]tbmKn®p sIm≠mWv XßfpsS kphntijßƒ cNn®Xv F∂mWv Cu kn≤m¥w ka¿XvYn°p∂Xv. a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijamWv H∂v . tbiphns≥d samgnIfpsS kamlmcamb APvRmX t{kmX mWv c≠matØXv. Cu APvRmX t{kmX ns\ Q F∂p hnfn°p∂p. 1 Q t{kmX n¬ tbiphns≥d samgnIƒ am{XamWp≠mbncp∂Xv. iXm[n]s≥d `rXys\ kpJs∏SpØnb kw`hsamgn®v (eqt°mkv 7:1˛10, aØmbn8:5, ja 13) a‰p AXv ` pXßtfm ]oVm\p `hØns≥dbpw DXv [ m\Øns≥dbpw hnhcWßtfm H∂pw Xs∂ Q t{kmX n¬ D≠mbncp∂n√. Acamb `mjbn¬ FgpXs∏´ Q t{kmX ns≥d aqew ]n∂oSv {Ko°nte°v hnh¿Ø\w sNøs∏´psh∂pw Cu hnh¿Ø\amWv aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw D]tbmKn®sX∂pw Zznt{kmX v kn≤m¥Øns≥d hIvXm°ƒ ka¿∞n°p∂p. ZzntcJmkn≤m¥sØ hnIkn∏ns®SpØXmWv NXp¿t{kmXkv kn≤m¥w. Q hn\p ]pdsa aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw Hmtcm kzImcyt{kmX pIsf IqSn D]tbmKn®ncp∂psh∂mWv Cu 1.- P¿Ω\nse Quell (t{kmX v) F∂ ]ZØns≥d BZym£csa∂ \ne°mWv APvRmX t{kmX ns\ Q F∂p hnfn°p∂Xv. ) 70

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

kn≤m¥Øns≥d hIv X m°ƒ ]dbp∂Xv . aØmbn D]tbmKn® kzImcy t{kmX ns\ M t{kmXs ∂pw eqt°mkv D]tbmKn® Xns\ L t{kmXs ∂pw hnfn°p∂p. Cu kn≤m¥{]Imcw \mev ASnkvYm\ t{kmX pIfn¬ \n∂mWv BZysØ aq∂v kphnti jßƒ cq]saSpØn´p≈Xv . Htcm kphntijhpw cq]w sIm≠ t{kmX pIsf°pdn°p∂ tcJmNn{XamWv Xmsg: a¿t°mkv

a¿t°mkv

aØmbn

eqt°mkv

L Cu c≠v kn≤m¥ßf√mØ as‰mcp Bibw IqSn ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ Nne¿ sh®p]pe¿Øp∂pap≠v . aØmbnbpsS kphntijw FgpXs∏´Xv F{_mb `mjbnemsW∂ BZyIme ss{IkvXh{K\vYImc\mb ]∏nbmkns≥d A`n{]mbamWnXns≥d ASnkvYm\w. aØmbnbptSXmbn Adnbs∏ńcp∂ Hcp F{_mb kphntijw BZyImeØv \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂pw AXn¬ ]eXpw Iqńt®¿ØpsIm≠p bh\`mjbn¬ ]n∂oSv cNn°s∏´XmWv C∂p ImWp∂ aØmbnbpsS kphntijw F∂pap≈ ho£WØnemWv ]∏nbmkns≥d A`n{]mb {]IS\Øn¬ \n∂v Cu hn`mKw ]Wv U nX∑m¿ FØnt®¿∂ncn°p∂Xv . CtX°pdn®v dh:F.kn. s¢bv ‰ ¨ FgpXp∂p: "aØmbn Xs≥d kphntijw F{_mb `mjbn¬ FgpXn. k¿∆km[mcWCbmbn tbip kwkmcn®ph∂ B Acmay`mjbn¬ Ahs≥d hnetbdnb {]kwKßfpw AarXhN\ßfpw DØtam]tZißfpw F√mw Hcp amet]mse AXn¬ tIm¿Øncn°p∂p. \ap°v APvtRb\mb as‰mcp {K\v Y Imc≥ AhtbmSp IqSn BZyambn FgpXs∏´ a¿s°mkv kphntijØn¬ \n∂pw, I¿W]cºcbmbn tI´ph∂ D]tZißfn¬ \n∂pw CXc{K\vYßfn¬ \n∂pw tbip c£nXmhns≥d PohNcn{XØnse hrØm¥ßsf Iqńt®¿Øp \mw Ct∏mƒ 71

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

]mcmbWw sNøp∂ aØmbnbpsS kphntijw bh\`mjbn¬ FgpXn'.1 C∂v D ]e_v[ambn c n °p∂ kph ntij ß f p sS c N \ °v apºpXs∂ H∂ne[nIw tcJIƒ {InkvXphns≥d PohnXsØbpw ktµisØbpw Ipdn®v hnhcn°p∂Xmbn \nehnep≠mbncp∂psh∂ hkv X pXbmWv Chbn¬ \n∂v \ap°v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂ Imcyw. Cu tcJIfnse {]Xn]mZ\ßƒ IqSpX¬ hkvXp\njvThpw kXyk\v[hpambncn°mw. {]kvXpX tcJIƒ Nnet∏mƒ tbiphn\v I¿Ømhv AhXcn∏n®psImSpØ thZ{K\v Y sØ kw_\v [ n®v IqSpX¬ Adnhp \¬Iphm≥ ]cym]vXambXmbncp∂ncn°mw. C∂v B tcJItfm AXns≥d `mKßsfm D]e_v[a√mØXn\m¬ Xs∂ AtX°pdn®v Fs¥¶nepsamcp Xo¿∏p]dbm≥ \mw AiIvXcmWv.

At∏mkvXe {]hrØnIƒ k`bpsS Ncn{XtØbpw ]utemkns≥d {]h¿Ø\ßsfbpw Ipdn®v \ap°v Adnhp \¬Ip∂ ]pXnb\nba {K\v Y amWnXv . CXns≥d {K\vYImc≥ ]utemkns≥d tXmg\mbncp∂ eqt°mkv BsW∂mWv ss{Ikv X h ]mcºcyhnizmkw. eqt°mkns≥d kphntijhpw At∏mkv X e{]hrØnIfpw FgpXnbXv Hcmƒ Xs∂bmsW∂ ImcyØn¬ ]Wv U nX∑m¿°nSbn¬ A`n{]mb hyXymksam∂pan√. F∂m¬ Ch c≠pw FgpXnbXv ]utem kns≥d tXmg\mb eqt°mkv Xs∂bmtWmsb∂ ImcyØn¬ A`n{]mbm ¥cßƒ \ne\n¬°p∂p≠v. ]utemkns≥d bm{XIsfbpw a‰pw hnhcn°p∂nSØv "Rßƒ' F∂p {]tbmKn°s∏´n´p≈Xn\m¬ At±lØns≥d klNmcnIfn¬ Bsc¶nepambncn°Ww At∏mkv X e {]hrØnIfpsS I¿Ømhv F∂v \nKa\Ønembncp∂p ]pcmX\ ss__nƒ hymJymXm°fn¬ an°hcpw FØnt®¿∂ncp∂Xv . B[p\nI ]Wv U nX∑mcmIs´ "Rßƒ' F∂ {]tbmKapƒs°m≈p∂ ]mT`mKßsf a‰p `mKßfn¬ \n∂v th¿s∏SpØn ]cnKWn°pIbpw a‰p `mKßƒ

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

]utemkns≥d klNmcn FgpXnbXmsW∂Xn\v CXv sXfnhm°phm≥ ]‰pIbns√∂v A`n{]mbs∏SpIbpw sNøp∂hcmWv. lm¿]dpsS ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "]WvUnX∑m¿ "Rßƒ' F∂p {]tbmKn°s∏´ ]mT`mKßƒ thsdsbSpØmWv aqey\n¿Wbw \SØp∂Xv. ]utemkns≥d klNmcn Xs∂bmWv Cu ]pkvXIØns≥d cNbnXmsh∂v Nne¿ hmZn°ptºmƒ Nne¿ iIvXnbpIvXw CØcw AhImihmZßsf sNdp°p∂p. ]pXnb\nba ]WvUnX∑m¿ °nSbn¬ sFIyw \ne\n¬°p∂ G‰hpw {][m\s∏´ Imcyw, At∏mkvXe {]h¿ØnIfpw eqt°mkns≥d kphntijhpw FgpXnbXv , \mw eqt°mkmsW∂v hnfn°p∂, Htc {K\v Y Im c\msW∂ Imcyw am{XamWv . ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ an°hcpw Cu ]pkvXIßƒ c≠pw cNn°s∏´Xv {InkvXm_vZw 80\pw 85 \panSbnemsW∂mWv A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂Xv ' 1 . "]utemkns≥d Z r I v k m £ n b m W v Cu ] p k v X I Ø n s ≥ d t e J I ≥ F ∂ p ]dbp∂Xn¬ \n∂v ]WvUnX∑msc XS™p\n¿Øp∂Xv CXnse ]e ]cma¿ißfpw \njv I rjv S amb ]cntim[\bn¬ ]utemkns≥d teJ\ßfnse ]cma¿ißtfmSv kmcamb sshcp≤yw {]ISn∏n °p∂psh∂ hkvXpXbmWv'.2

teJ\ßƒ BsI Ccp]Ønsbm∂p teJ\ßfmWv ]pXnb \nbaØnep ≈Xv . {]tXyI kµ¿`ßfn¬ {Inkv X phns≥d A\pbmbnIƒ FgpXnb IØpIfpw Ipdn∏pIfpamWv Cu teJ\ßƒ F∂mWv s]mXphmb ss{IkvXh hnizmkw.

]utemkns≥d teJ\ßƒ teJ\ßfn¬ an°hbpw FgpXnbncn°p∂Xv ]utemkv BsW∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂p. ]Xnaq∂v teJ\ßfpsS I¿ØrXzw 1. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 10. 2. The New Jerome Biblical Commentary Page 722-725.

1.ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 362. 72

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Btcm]n°s∏Sp∂Xv ]utemknemWv . At±lamIs´ Hcn°¬ t]mepw tbiphns\ I≠n´n√mØ hyIvXnbmWv. ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "1 sImcn, 9:1, 15:8 t\m°nbm¬ tbiphns≥d acWØn\v apºv ]utemkv Ahs\ I≠n´ns√∂p tXm∂p∂p. Fs¥∂m¬ tbip Xs≥d ]ckyip{iqj Bcw`n°p∂Xn∂p apºv ]utemkv sbcpitean¬ \n∂v Xs≥d kz¥w kv Y etØ°v t]mbncn°mw'1

BcmWv ]utemkv ? {InkvXphns≥d {]t_m[\ ImeØpw tijap≈ BZy ZiIßfnepw At±lØns≥d Bibßsf \in∏n°phm≥ th≠n Xs≥d IgnhpIƒ apgph≥ hn\ntbmKn®bmfmWv ]n∂oSv ]utemkv F∂dnbs∏´ iu¬. {InkvXphns≥d A\pbmbnbmbncp∂ kvsX^mt\mkns≥d h[sØ A\pIqen°pIbpw (At∏mkvXe {]hrØnIƒ 8:1) {InkvXphns≥d Bibßƒ kzoIcn®h¿s°Xnsc iIvXamb ]oU\apdIƒ {]tbmKn°pIbpw (At∏m. {]hrØnIƒ 9:1, 26:10) sNbvXbmfmWv At±lw. ]n∂oSv tbip X\n°v Z¿i\o`hn®psh∂pw Xs∂ At∏mkvXe\mbn \ntbmKn®psh∂pw (At∏m. {]hr. 9:1˛16) AhImis∏´psIm≠p {InkvXym\nIfpsS t\XrXztas‰Sp°pIbpw ]eXcw ]pXnb hnizmkmNmcßƒ°v cq]w \¬IpIbpw sNbvXbmfmWv ]utemkv. tbiphns≥d ]mTßfne√, ]utemkns≥d A[ym]\ßfnemWv ss{Ikv X hk` kv Y m]n° s∏´ncn°p∂Xv F∂p ]d™m¬ AXp sX‰mhpIbn√. At±lØnt≥dXmbn Adnbs∏Sp∂ teJ\ßfmWv k`mhnizmk Øns≥d ImX¬ \n¿Wbn®ncn°p∂Xv.

a‰p teJ\ßƒ ]utemknt≥dXp IqSmsX F´v teJ\ßƒ IqSn ]pXnb \nbaØnep≠v. H∂v F{_mb¿°v FgpXnb teJ\amWv . CXns≥d {K\v Y 1. ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 78. 74

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

I¿Ømhv BcmsW∂v Adnbn√. dh:F.kn.s¢bv‰¨ FgpXp∂p: "F{_mb¿°v FgpXnb teJ\w F∂ {K\vYw FgpXnbXmcmsW∂p \ap°dnhm≥ ]mSn√'.1 as‰m∂v bmt°m_v FgpXnb teJ\amWv. At∏mkvXe\pw tbip ktlmZc\pamb bmt°m_mWv Cu teJ\Øns≥d I¿Ømsh ∂mWv ]mcºcy hnizmkw. F∂m¬ CXv k¿hmwKoIrXamb hniz mksam∂pa√. "thZ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ Nne¿ \madnbmØ thsdmcp bmt°m_mWv CXv FgpXnbsX∂pw AXn\m¬ CXp Nne ImeØn\p tijamWv FgpXs∏´sX∂pw A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂p'.1 ]t{Xmkv FgpXnbsX∂p IcpXs∏Sp∂ c≠p teJ\ßfmWv ]ns∂bp≈Xv. CXn¬ H∂mw teJ\w At∏mkvXe\mb ]t{Xmkv Xs∂bmWv FgpXnbsX∂mWv s]mXphmb ]mcºcyw. F∂m¬ CXpw k¿hmwKoIrXa√. "B[p\nI thZ]WvUnX∑mcn¬ Nne¿ CXn¬ hnip≤]utemkns≥d sshZnI kn≤m¥ßƒ ]eXpap≈Xp sIm≠pw CXp hnip≤]utemkv kphntijw {]kwKn® tZißfnse kÌƒ°v Abbv°s∏´Xp sIm≠pw CXn¬ tbiphns≥d Ncn{Xw khnkv X cw {]Xn]mZn°s∏ńń√mØXp sIm≠pw CXp Keoenb°mc\mb Hcp ao≥]nSpØ°mc\v hiambncn∏m\nSbn√mØ \√ bh\`mjbn¬ FgpXs∏ńcn°p∂Xp sIm≠pw ]t{Xmkns≥d ImeØp tdmamssIk¿ {InkvXpk`sb D]{Zhn®nń√mØXpsIm≠pw Cu teJ\w hnip.]t{Xmkv FgpXnbX√ F∂p ]dbp∂p'. 2 ]t{Xmkns≥d c≠mw teJ\w At∏mkvXe\mb ]t{Xmkv FgpXnbX√ F∂ ImcyØn¬ ]WvUnX∑m¿°nSbn¬ `n∂n∏pIƒ Gsdbn√. dh:.F.kn.s¢bv‰¨ FgpXp∂p: "Cu {K\vYw BscgpXnsb∂Xns\°pdn®v ]e kwibßfp≠v. Fs¥∂m¬ hnip.]t{XmkmWv FgpXnbsX∂p≈ Xn\v aXnbmb sXfnhpIfn√'.3 tbml∂m≥- FgpXnb aq∂p teJ\ßfmWv ]ns∂bp≈Xv . 1. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 258. 2. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 415. 3. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 260. 75

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

ChbpsS I¿XrXzw At∏mkvXe\mb tbml∂m\nemWv Btcm]n°s∏Sp∂Xv . F∂m¬ Ch tbml∂m≥ At∏mkv - X e≥ FgpXnbXmbncn°phm≥ km[yXbns√∂Xn\v H∂ne[nIw sXfnhpIƒ lm¿]dpsS ss__nƒ \nL≠p \ncØp∂p≠v . 4 tbml∂ms≥d kphntijw t]mseØs∂ teJ\ßfpw FgpXnb Xv BcmsW∂v JWvUnXambn ]dbphm≥ Ignbns√∂v kmcw. teJ\ßfn¬ Ahkm\tØXv bqZm FgpXnb teJ\amWv . CXns≥d I¿Ømhpw BcmsW∂v JWv U nXhpw kwibcln Xhpambn ]dbm≥ ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿°v Ign™n´n√.

teJ\ßfpsS Ncn{X]cX ]pXnb \nbaØnse teJ\ßfpsS Ncn{X]cXsb kw_\v[n®v B[p\nI ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ {]apJ\mb sdbv a ≠v C.{_u¨ FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: "]pXnb \nbaw ]cntim[n°pI bmsW¶n¬ F{_mb¿°p≈ teJ\w cNn®Xv ]utemkmsW∂v AXn¬ Is≠Øm\mhn√. teJ\Øn\p≈n¬ F{_mbsc HcnSØpw ]cma¿in®n´n√. F{_mb¿°v FgpXnb teJ\ambn CXns≥d ]cnKWn°m≥ XpSßnbXv c≠mw \q‰m≠nemWv. teJ\I¿Ømhv C∂bmfmsW∂ k¶¬]amIs´ ]n∂oSp≠mbXpw..... ]utemkn s≥d teJ\ambn AXns\ ImWm≥ tdmanse k` hfsc ssha\kyw {]ISn∏n®p. tbml∂ms≥d aq∂p teJ\ßfps≠∂mWs√m ]dbp∂Xv. Ahbnsem∂nepw ]t£ tbml∂ms\]‰n bmsXmcp ]cma¿ihpan√. c≠mw \q‰m≠n¬ DXv`hn® Hcp A`yqlamWnXpw..... ]pXnb\nbaØnse ]Xnaq∂v IrXnIfn¬ ]utemkns≥d t]cv ]mTØn¬ Xs∂ tN¿Øn´p≠v. Ahbn¬ GsgÆw ]utemkv t\cn´p cNn®hbmsW∂v ]WvUnX∑m¿ GIIWvTambn A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂p. sX ˛1, Ktejy≥kv , sImcn¥y¿ H∂pw c≠pw, ^nen]y¿, ^ntetam≥, tdma°m¿ F∂o teJ\ßfmWh. AP]me\ teJ\ßƒ F∂ t]cn¬ Adnbs∏Sp∂ XntamØn H∂pw c≠pw, XoØqkv F∂nh ]utemkv t\cn´v FgpXnbh As√∂s{X 4. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 499-500.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

hna¿i\mXvaI ]WvUnX∑mcn¬ 90 iXam\hpw IcpXp∂Xv. Hcp ]t£, 80 iXam\w ]WvUnX∑mcpsS hnebncpØen¬ sImtfmky¿°p≈ teJ\w ]utemkv FgpXnbX√ F∂ ImcyØn¬ GIm`n{]mb°mcmWv. sXktem\¿°p≈ c≠mw teJ\w ]utemk√ cNn®sX∂s{X ]IpXnbntesd ]Wv U nX∑mcpsS A`naXw.... 95 iXam\w ]Wv U nX∑mcpw ]t{Xmkns≥d c≠mw teJ\w cNn®Xv ]t{Xmk√ F∂ ]£°mcmWv . bqZmbpsS teJ\Øns≥d I¿Ømhv bqZm As√∂pw bmt°m_ns≥d teJ\w FgpXnbXv bmt°m_s√∂pw ]dbp∂hcmWv 75 iXam\w ]WvUnX∑mcpw. ]t{Xmkns≥d H∂mw teJ\Øns≥d cNbnXmhv ]tXmkmtWm F∂ {]iv \ Ønepw ]Wv U nX∑mcpsS CSbn¬ tbmPn∏n√.'1 kphntijßsft∏mseØs∂ teJ\ßfn¬ an°hbpw BcmWv FgpXnbsX∂v JWvUnXambn ]dbm\mhns√∂v kmcw.

shfn]mSp ]pkvXIw ]pXnb\nbaØnse {]hN\]pkv X Iambn AwKoIcn°s∏´ Ahkm\sØ {K\vYamWv shfn]mSp ]pkvXIw. Cu ]pkvXIsØ "At∏mImen]vkv' (Apocalypse) F∂pw hnfn°p∂p. At∏mImen]vkv F∂ {Ko°p]ZØn\¿∞w tIhew shfn]mSv F∂msW¶nepw C∂v AXv kz¿KØn¬ \n∂pw a\pjy¿°v e`n°p∂ shfn]mSpIsf {]Xn\n[oIcn°p∂ kmt¶XnI ]Zambn´mWv D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂Xv. Cu A¿∞Øn¬ ]gb \nbaØnse Zm\ntbens≥d ]pkv X I sØbpw ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ At∏mImen]vkv Bbn´mWv ]cnKWn°p∂Xv . ]pXnb \nbaØnemIs´ Cu hn`mKØn¬ s]SpØmhp∂ Hscm‰ ]pkvXIw am{Xtabp≈p˛ shfn]mSp ]pkvXIw. {InkvXm_vZw 95tem 96tem Bbncn°Ww shfn]mSp ]pkvIXØns≥d cN\ \S∂sX∂mWv ]WvUnX∑mcpsS 1. Reymond.E.Brown:Responses To 101 Questions On The Bible Page 49-51).

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

A`n{]mbw. At∏mkvXe\mb tbml∂m\p≠mb shfn]mSpIfpsS kamlmcamWv- Cu- ]pkvXIsa∂mWv ]mcºcyhnizmkw. F∂m¬ Cu ]mcºcyw AwKoIcn°mØ ]WvUnX∑mcpap≠v. dh. F.kn. s¢bv ‰ ¨ FgpXp∂p:" B[p\nI thZ ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ Nne¿ At∏mkv X e\mb tbml∂m≥ CXv FgpXnsb∂pw a‰p Nne¿ aq∏\mb tbml∂m≥ FgpXnsb∂pw ]dbp∂p' 1 shfn]mSp ]pkvXIØns≥d I¿Ømhv BcmWv F∂v JWvUnXambn∏dbm≥ km[yas√∂ hkvXpXbnte°v ss__nƒ hymJym\{K\vYßfpw \nL≠pIfpsa√mw hnc¬ Nq≠p∂p≠v.2 ]pXnb \nbaØnse Hcp ]pkvXIw t]mepw At∏mkvXe∑m¿ cNn®XmsW∂v JWvUnXambn ]dbm\mhns√∂v kmcw.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

A©v C u k m \ _ n ( A ) ° v tbip{InkvXphns≥d A√mlp AhXcn∏n®psImSpØ thZ{K\vYØns≥d t]cmWv kphntijwC≥Po¬. "kphntijw' F∂m Wv C≥Po¬ F∂ ]ZØns≥d A¿∞w. GI\mb {kjv S mhp am{XamWv Bcm[\Iƒ A¿ln°p∂sX∂v ]Tn∏n°p∂Xn∂mbn sXcs™SpØv Ab°s∏´ C{kmbo¬ {]hmNI\mb Cukm \_n(A)°v A√mlp AhXcn∏n® {K\v Y ambmWv C≥Poens\ Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv. "k∑m¿K \n¿t±ihpw kXy{]Imihpw ASßnb C≥Poepw At±lØn\v \mw \¬In.' (Jp¿B≥ 5:46) Cukm\_n(A)°v ]S®Xºpcm≥ AhXcn∏n® thZ{K\v Y ambmWv "kphntij'sØ Jp¿B≥ A- h - X - c n- ∏ n- ° - p ∂Xv . ]pXnb \nbaØnepff {K\vYßsfm∂pw Xs∂ tbiphn\v ssZhw AhXcn∏n®XmsW∂v ISpØ ^≠sa≥denkv‰pIƒ°p t]mepw A`n{]mban√. ]ns∂, tbiphn\v I¿Ømhv AhXcn∏n® thZ{K\vYamb "kphntijw' FhnsS?

1.ss__nƒ \nL≠p, ]pdw 569. 2.See New Jerome Biblical Commentary Page 997- 998, Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 868.

]pXnb \nbasØ°pdn®v Ign™ A[ymbØn¬ {]Xn]mZn® hkvXpXIsf Cßs\ kw{Kln°mw. 79

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

} H∂v) tbiphns≥d PohnXImeØn\v tijw A©v Zim_vZ ßsf¶nepw Ign™mWv ]pXnb\nba]pkv X Ißsf√mw FgpX s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. c≠v) tbiphns≥d PohNcn{XhnhcWßfmb kphntijßƒ FgpXnbhcmcpw Xs∂ tbiphns\ ImWpItbm At±lØns≥d {]t_m[\ßƒ°v km£nIfmhpItbm sNbvXhc√. aq∂v) kphn ti jßƒ c Nn ®X mc m sW ∂ v J W vU nX am bn ]dbphm≥ Ignbn√. \mev) ]pXnb\nbaØnse ]pkvXIßfnsem∂pt]mepw {InkvXp injy∑mcnemsc¶nepw FgpXnbXmsW∂v kwibclnXambn ]dbphm≥ km[ya√. A©v) tbiphns≥d PohNcn{Xw FgpXp∂Xn∂pth≠n {ian® kphntijI¿Øm°ƒ Xßƒ tI´dn™ Imcyßƒ t{ImUoIcn®p sIm≠mWv kphntijßƒ cNn®ncn°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Htc t{kmX n¬ \n∂p≠mb aq∂v kwlnX kphntijßfpw tbml∂ms≥d kphntijhpw \¬Ip∂ tbipNn{Xßƒ kmcamb hyXymkßfpƒs°m≈p∂hbmWv. Bdv) C∂v ]pXnb \nbaØnepƒs∏SpØs∏´ ]pkvXIßfpsS cN\°pw {]NmcØn\pw apºpXs∂ tbipinjy∑m¿ D]tbmKn ®ncp∂ Ht∂m AXne[nItam tcJIƒ \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂v B[p\nI ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑msc√mw kΩXn°p∂p. Cu hkvXpXIfpsS shfn®ØnemWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ tbiphn\v AhXcn∏n°s∏´Xmbn ]dbp∂ C©o¬ FhnsSsb∂ N¿® {]kIvXamhp∂Xv.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

A`n{]mbw ss{Ikv X h ]Wv U nX∑m¿°pXs∂bn√. tbiphns\ °pdn®v Xßƒ a\ nem°nb Imcyßƒ A°meL´Ønse XßfpsS kaImenIcpsS Adnhn∂pth≠n Ipdn®nSpI am{XamWv kphntijI¿Øm°ƒ sNbv X Xv . XßfpsS Xeapd°v {Inkv X p hnPvRm\obw ]I¿∂psImSp°pIsb∂Xn¬ Ihn™ e£ysam∂pw kphntijI¿Øm°ƒ°p≠mbncp∂n√. lm¿]dpsS ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "]pXnb \nba]pkv X IßfpsS I¿Øm°fmcpw Xs∂ Ah¿ BZyIme {Inkv X obPohnXØn\v \¬Inb kw`mh\bmbn cNn® ]pkvXIßƒ Hcp {K\vY tiJcØns≥d `mKamIpsat∂m F√mbnSØpw F√m kabØpap≈ ss{IkvXh¿°v AwKoIrXamhpsat∂m hnNmcn®psIm≠√ Ahsbm∂pw cNn®Xv. HmtcmcpØcpw Nne {]tXyI A\phmNI¿°p th≠n Nne {]tXyI Ahkcßƒ a\ n¬ I≠psIm≠v FgpXnbXmWh. Cu A¿∞Øn¬ ]pXnb\nba tcJIƒ B kµ¿`Ønse kmlnXyßfmWv'.1 B[p\nI ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ {]apJ\mb sdbv a ≠v C.{_u¨ FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI:" F¥mWp kphntijßƒ F∂ tNmZyØn\p≈ kºq¿W adp]Snbmbn AhnSpsØ hm°pIƒ, sNbv X nIƒ, ]oUm\p`hw, acWw, Db¿sØgpt∂¬]v F∂nh Dƒs∏sS tbiphns\∏‰n {]NmcØnencp∂ ]mcºcyw B‰n °pdp° n s b S p Ø k Ø m W h F ∂ p R m ≥ ] d b p w . Cu k Ø p kwLSn∏n®Xpw AXns≥d cq]`mhßƒ FUn‰p sNbvXXpw H∂mw \q‰m≠ns≥d Ahkm\sØ aq∂p ZiIßfn¬ Pohn® kphntij I\mbncp∂p. Xm≥ ap∂n¬ I≠ ss{Ikv X h hmb\°mcpsS B≤ymXvanImhiyßsf Xr]vXns∏SpØpI F∂Xmbncp∂p At±lØns≥d e£yw'.2

tbip {]kwKn® kphntijw kphntijcN\bpsS e£yw kphntijßƒ, tbiphn\v ssZhw AhXcn∏n® {K\vYamsW∂ 80

tbiphpambn _\v[s]´ cN\Ifmbn C∂v ]pXnb \nbaØnse 1. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 700. 2. Reymond-E-Brown:Responses To 101 Questions On The Bible Page 57-58.

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

]pkvXIßƒ am{Xtabp≈q. Ch BZy\q‰m≠p apX¬ \ne\n∂n cp∂p≈psh∂v IcpXn°qSmØXmWv. C∂v \ap°v e`n®ncn°p∂ kphntijßsf√mw AhbpsS B[nImcnIX AwKoIcn®m¬ Xs∂, tbiphns\°pdn® kphntijßfmbn am{Xta AwKoIcn°phm≥ Ignbq. F∂m¬ tbip Xs∂ "kphntijw' {]kwKn®Xmbn ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ \n∂v a\ mem°phm≥ Ignbp∂p≠v. "tbml∂m≥ _\v [ \kv Y \mb tijw tbip ssZhØns≥d kphntijw {]kwKn®psIm≠p Keoebnte°p h∂p. Ah≥ ]d™p: Imew XnI™p; ssZhcmPyw kao]n®ncn°p∂p. A\pX]n°q. kphntijØn¬ hnizkn°q' (am¿t°mkv 1:14,15). "(tbip ]d™p): F∂m¬, F\n°p th≠nbpw kphntijØn∂p th≠nbpw kz¥w Poh≥ \jvSs∏SpØp∂h≥ AXp c£n°p∂p' (a¿t°mkv 8:35). "BZyta Xs∂ kphntijw F√m P\XItfmSpw {]kwKn °s∏SWw' (a¿t°mkv 14:9). "kphntijw temIØn¬ FhnsSsb√mw {]kwKn°s∏Sptam AhnsSsb√mw Chƒ sNbvX Cu Imcyw ChfpsS kvacW°mbn {]kvXmhn°s∏Spw' (a¿t°mkv 14:9) "tbip ]d™p: kXyambn Rm≥ \nßtfmSp ]dbp∂p. F\n°p th≠nbpw kphntijØn∂p th≠nbpw hoSnt\tbm ktlmc∑m sctbm ktlmZcnamsctbm AΩsbtbm ANvOs\tbm a°sftbm hbepIsftbm Dt]£n® Hcmƒ°v Ct∏mƒ, C°meØp Xs∂, \qdv aSßv {]Xn^ew e`n°mXncn°bn√' (a¿t°mkv 10:29). "Ah≥ kn\tKmKpIfn¬ ]Tn∏n®pw cmPysØ°pdn®p≈ kphntijw {]kwKn®pw P\ßfpsS F√m tcmKßfpw AhiXIfpw kpJs∏SpØnbpw Keoe apgph≥ Np‰nk©cn®p' (aØmbn 4:23) a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijØn¬ \n∂v BZyw D≤cn® 82

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

hN\Øn¬ (1:14,15) ssZhØns≥d kphntijw F∂p {]tbmKn °s∏´Xv {]tXyIw {it≤bamWv . tbip{Inkv X p kphntijw {]kwKn®psh∂pw AXv ssZhØns≥d kphntijambncp∂psh∂pw apIfn¬ D≤cn® hN\ßfn¬ \n∂v hyIv X amIp∂p≠v . tbip {]kwKn®Xv tbiphns\°pdn® kphntija√, {]XypX ssZhsØbpw ssZhcmPysØbpw Ipdn® kphntijambncp∂p. ]pXnb \nbaw apgph≥ ]cXnbm¬, tbiphns≥d hN\ßfmbn \ap°v e`n°pI hfsc Ipd®p `mKw am{XamWv. {]kvXpX hN\ßƒ FgpXs∏´ncn°p∂XmIs´ tbiphn\v tijw Ac\q‰m≠pIme sa¶nepw Ign™n´mWpXm\pw. ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ {]Xn]mZn°s∏´n ´p≈ Imcyßƒ am{Xta Xs≥d PohnX ImeØp apgph\mbn {InkvXp ]d™n´p≈qsh∂v IcpXpI hø. At±lw Iptdtbsd Imcyßƒ ]d™n´p≠mhWw. Ahsb√mw kamlcn®m¬ At±lw {]kwKn® "ssZhØns≥d kphntijw' \ap°v e`n°psa∂v { ]Xymin°pI. ]t£ tbiphN\ßƒ kamlcn°phm≥ \aps°ßs\ km[n°pw; AXn∂p≈ t{kmX pIsfhnsS? tbiphns≥d PohnXsØ°pdn®pw AXp \¬Ip∂ {]Xymisb °pdn®pamWv At±lw "kphntijw' F∂p {]tbmKn®sX∂v hmZn° s∏Smdp≠v. CXp icnb√. tbiphn¬ \n∂v thdn´p \n¬°p∂ Ft¥m H∂ns\°pdn®p Xs∂bmWv At±lw kphntijw F∂p {]tbmKn®ncn°p∂sX∂pd∏mWv . \tS D≤cn® a¿t°mkns≥d hN\w {i≤n°pI (10:29). ""F\n°p th≠nbpw kphntijØn\p th≠nbpw...' F∂ {]tbmKØn¬ \n∂v Xm\pw Xs≥d PohnXhp a√mØ Ft¥m H∂ns\°pdn®mWv tbip kphntijw F∂p ]d™Xv F∂p kpXcmw hyIvXamWv.

"ssZhØns≥d kphntijw' hnkvacn°s∏´p! Hcp ImcyanhnsS {]tXyIw {it≤bamsW∂p tXm∂p∂p. tbiphns≥d PohnXsØ°pdn®p {]Xn]mZn°ptºmƒ AtXmsSm∏w At±lw {]kwKn® kphntijsØbpw Ipdn®v ]dbp∂ Hcp 83

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

k{ºZmbw BZyIme tbip A\pbmbnIfn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂ hkvXpX ]pXnb \nba ]pkvXIßfnse Nne ]cma¿ißfn¬ \n∂v a\ nemhp∂p≠v . kphntijßƒ°v apºv cNn°s∏´XmsW∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ teJ\ßfn¬ tbiphnt\mSv tN¿Øv At±lØns≥d kphntijsØbpw Ipdn®v {]Xn]mZn®n´p≈Xmbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ]utemkv teJ\ßsfgpXp∂ ImeØv tbiphns≥d kphntij sØ°pdn® iIv X amb hnizmkw tbiphns≥d ]n≥KmanIfn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv . A∂p Hcp ]t£, tbiphns≥d kphntijw F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp ]pkv X Iw t{ImUoIcn°s∏´n´n√mbncn°mw. F¶nepw Aßs\sbm∂v \ne\n¬°p∂Xmbp≈ hnizmkap≠mbncp∂p. Cu hnizmkw \ne\n∂ncp∂ kaqlØn¬, Xm≥ ]dbp∂XmWv tbiphns≥d kphntijw F∂p hcpØnØo¿Øv AhcpsS ]n¥pW t\SnsbSp°m≥ th≠nbp≈ {iaßfmWv ]utemkns≥d teJ\ØnepS\ofw ImW≥ Ignbp∂Xv. KemØnb°m¿°v ]utemkv FgpXnb teJ\Øn¬ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "{InkvXphns≥d Ir]bn¬ \nßsf hnfn® ssZhsØ C{X s]s´∂v Dt]£n®v, \nßƒ as‰mcp kphntijØns≥d ]pdsI t]mIp∂p F∂dn™Xn¬ F\n°v AXv`pXw tXm∂p∂p. as‰mcp kphntijap s≠∂√ Rm≥ ChnsS kqNn∏n°p∂Xv; \nßfpsS a\ v Ie°n, {Inkv X phns≥d kphntijsØ hnIeam°phm≥ B{Kln°p∂ Nnecps≠∂mWv Rm≥ A¿∞am°p∂Xv . Rßfmsc¶neptam, kz¿KØn¬ \n∂v BKX\mb Hcp amemJ Xs∂tbm, \nßtfmSp Rßƒ {]kwKn®n´p≈ kphntijØn\v hncp≤ambn {]kwKn°pI bmsW¶n¬, Abmƒ A`ni]vX\mIs´. Rßƒ apºp ]d™Xp Xs∂, Rm≥ Ct∏mgpw]dbp∂p. \nßƒ kzoIcn® kphntijØn\v hncp≤ambn as‰mcp kphntijw Bsc¶nepw \nßtfmSp {]kwKn°pIbmsW¶n¬ Abmƒ A`ni]vX\mIs´' (KemXy¿ 1:6˛9) tbiphnt\mSv _\v [ s∏SpØn At±lØns≥d kphntij sØbpw BZyIme {InkvXpinjy∑m¿ hyhlcn®p t]m∂ncp∂p. 84

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

]n∂oSv ]ecpw Xßƒ ]dbp∂XmWv bYm¿∞ kphntijsa∂ AhImihmZhpambn cwKØph∂p. AtXmsS Ime{IaØn¬ tbiphnt\mSv _\v[s∏SpØn At±lØns≥d kphntij sØ°pdn®v {]Xn]mZn°p∂ coXnbn√msXbmbn. kphntijßfn¬ BZyw FgpXs∏´sX∂v ]WvUnX∑msc√mw kΩXn® a¿t°mknemWv tbip {]kwKn® ssZhØns≥d kphntijsØ Ipdn®v IqSpX¬ ]cma¿ißfp≈Xv. ]n∂oSv FgpXs∏´ aØmbnbn¬ tbiphns≥d kphntijsØ°pdn® ]cma¿ißƒ XmcXtay\ IpdhmWv. AXn∂p tijw cNn°s∏´ eqt°mknepw tbml∂m\nepw "kphntijw' F∂ ]Zw t]mepw {]tbmKn° s∏´n´n√. tbiphneqsS AhXcn∏n°s∏´ "ssZhØns≥d kphntijw' F∂ BZyImeØv \ne\n∂ncp∂ ]cnI¬]\°v Imem¥cØn¬ kw`hn® •m\nbmWt√m CXp ImWn°p∂Xv . a¿t°mkns≥d kphntij cN\mImeØv iIvXambn \ne\n∂ncp∂ "ssZhØns≥d kphntij'Ønep≈ hnizmkw tbml∂ms≥d Imeambt∏mtg°pw arXambn°gn™ncp∂psh∂p kmcw.

Acamb kphntijw tbiphns≥dbpw At±lØns≥d A\pbmbnIfptSbpw kwkmc`mj "AcambnIv' Bbncp∂psh∂ Imcyw X¿°clnXamWv. kphntijßƒ apgph≥ cNn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv {Ko°p `mjbnemWv. F∂m¬ {InkvXp Xs≥d kphntijadnbn®Xpw A\pbmbnIƒ AXp {]Ncn∏n®Xpw Acamb `mjbnembncn°Ww ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]dbp∂p: "tbiphpw At∏mkv X e∑mcpw "ActabnIv ' F∂ kpdnbmbnse `mjbmWv kwkmcn®ph∂Xv . blqZ \m´nse BZy{InkvXym\nIƒ tbiphns≥d Ncn{Xw, D]tZißƒ F∂nh hmsamgnbmbn {]Ncn∏n®p h∂Xv Cu `mjbnemWv. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ tbiphneqsS AhXcn∏n°s∏´ ssZhØns≥d kphntijw Acamb `mjbnep≈ Xmbncn°Ww. s__nƒ \nL≠p ]pdw 577.85

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

]pXnb \nba{K\vYßfpsS cN\°v apºp Xs∂ tbiphns≥d D]tZißfSßp∂ Acamb `mjbnesegpXs∏´ Ht∂m AXne[nItam tcJIƒ \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂v A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂ ]Wv U nX∑mcp≠v . Cu tcJIsfbpw a¿t°mkns≥d kphntij sØbpw D]tbmKs∏SpØnsIm≠mWv aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw XßfpsS cN\ \n¿hln®sX∂ ]WvUnXm`n{]mbßƒ apºv N¿® sNøs∏ń´p≠v. {InkvXpinjy\mbncp∂ aØmbn Xs∂ Acamb `mjbnsegpXnb "tbiphns≥d kphntijw' BZy ImeØp \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂v A`n{]mbhpap≠v. tIcf ImØen°v _nj∏vkv Iu¨knens≥d ]mkvNd¬ Hdnbt≥dj≥ sk≥d¿ ]pdØnd°nb aebmfw ss__nƒ aØmbnbpsS kphntijØn\v \¬Inb BapJw {i≤n°pI˛"aØmbnbpsS kphntijw F∂ t]cn¬ C∂v \ap°v e`n®ncn°p∂ kphntijØns≥d aqecq]w H∂mw \q‰m≠ns≥d Ahkm\ L´Øn¬ ˛ F.Un. 75\pw 90\pw CS°v˛ cNn°s∏´XmsW∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂p. F∂m¬ CXn\p apºp Xs∂ Acamb `mjbn¬ {Inkv X phns≥d hN\ßfpsS Hcp tiJctam kphntijw Xs∂tbm aØmbnbptSbXmbn D≠mbncp∂psh∂pw Hcp ]mcºcyap≠v . CXv hmkv X hambcn°m≥ CSbps≠¶nepw, {]kvXpX kphntijØns≥d ssIsbgpØv {]Xnsbm∂pw I≠pInńbnń√'.1 kphntijßƒ FgpXs∏Sp∂Xn\p apºv \ne\n∂ncp∂p sh∂p IcpXs∏Sp∂ tbip hN\ßfptSbpw kamlmcamb Q t{kmX pw BZyw FgpXs∏´Xv Acamb `mjbnemsW∂mWt√m ]WvUnX aXw. AXns≥d {Ko°v `mjyØnep≈ Ipsd hN\ßƒ aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw Bhiym\pkcWw FSpØp]tbmKn®psIm≠mWv XßfpsS kphntijßƒ cNn®ncn°p∂Xv. Q t{kmX n¬ \n∂v aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw D]tbmKn® `mKßtfsXms°bmsW∂v Cu c≠v kphntijßfpw kmayX ]pe¿Øp∂ hN\ßfpsS t{ImUoIcWØneqsS ]Wv U nX∑m¿ hyIvXam°nbn´p≠v. Ch¿

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

D]tbmKn°mØ `mKßfpw Q t{kmX n¬ D≠mbncp∂ncn°Ww. Ch IqSn e`n®m¬ tbip hN\ßfpsS Hcp kºq¿W kamlmc amIpambncp∂p AXv. ]t£ AØcw hN\ßsf°pdn®v bmsXmcp Adnhpw C∂v \ap°n√. tbip hN\ßƒ ]q¿Wambn kamlcn°m≥ km[n®m¬ tbip {]kwKn® kphntijsØ°pdn®v IqSpX¬ Adnbphm≥ Ignbpambncp∂p. ]s£, Zu¿`mKyIcw! AXn∂p≈ Ahkcw C∂p \ap°n√. ]pXnb \nba ]pkv X Ißsf√mw FgpXs∏Sp∂Xn\v apºv \ne\n∂ncp∂, tbiphn\v ssZhw AhXcn∏n®psImSpØ kphntijamWv, "C©o¬' F∂p ]dbptºmƒ Jp¿B≥ hnh£n °p∂Xv. AXn\memWv k∑m¿K\n¿tZihpw kXy{]Imihpw ASßn bncn°p∂Xv. AXns\bmWv Jp¿B≥ icnsh°p∂Xv. C∂p \ne\n ¬°p∂ ]pXnb \nba ]pkvXIßƒ°v Jp¿B\n¬ ]d™ Xmsg sImSp°p∂ hN\ßfmWv IqSpX¬ A\ptbmPyambncn°p∂Xv. "F∂m¬ kz¥w ssIIƒsIm≠v {K\vYw FgpXnbp≠m°pIbpw F∂n´v AXv A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂v e`n®XmsW∂v ]dbpIbpw sNøp∂h¿°mIp∂p \miw. AXp aptJ\ hneIpd™ t\´ßƒ IckvYam°phm≥ th≠nbmIp∂p (AhcnXv sNøp∂Xv). AhcnXv sNøp∂ hIbnepw Ah¿ kºmZn°p∂ hIbnepw Ah¿°v \miw' (Jp¿B≥ ˛ 2:79). "thZ{K\v Y Ønse hmNIssienIƒ hfs®mSn°p∂ Nnecpw AhcpsS Iq´Ønep≠v. AXv thZ{K\vYØn¬s∏´XmsW∂v \nßƒ [cn°phm≥ th≠nbmWXv . AXv thZ{K\v Y Ønep≈X√. Ah¿ ]dbpw AXv A√mlphns≥d ]°¬ \n∂p≈XmsW∂v. F∂m¬ AXv A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂p≈X√. Ah¿ Adn™psIm≠v A√mlphns≥d t]cn¬ I≈w ]dbpIbmWv.' (Jp¿B≥˛3:78). "thZ{K\vYw \¬Is∏´htcmSv \nßfXv P\ßƒ°v hnhcn®psImSp°Wsa∂pw, \nßfXv ad®psh°cpsX∂pw A√mlp

1.ss__nƒ˛]pXnb \nbaw ]pdw:1. 86

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Icm¿ hmßnb kµ¿`w({i≤n°pI). F∂n´v AhcXv (thZ{K\vYw) ]pdtIm´p hens®dnbpIbpw XpNv O amb hne°v AXp hn‰p IfbpIbpamWv sNbvXXv. Ah¿ ]Icw hmßp∂Xv hfsc NoØ Xs∂' ( Jp¿B≥ ˛ 3:187).

Bdv Im t\m≥

ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßfpsS Imt\m\oIcWw

(canon) F∂ {Ko°p]ZØns≥d A¿∞w am\ZWvUw F∂mWv. HutZym KnIambn AwKoIcn°s∏´ {K\v Y ßfpsS ]ńI F∂ A¿∞Øn¬ {Inkv X m- _ v Z w \memw \q‰m≠papX¬ Cu ]Zw {Inkv X ym\nIƒ°nSbn¬ {]NmcØn¬ h∂p. hnip≤{K\vYsa∂v k` AwKoIcn® ]pkvXIßfpsS ]ńI " Im t\ m ≥ ' F ∂ p w B ] ń I b n s e { KŸß ƒ " I m t \m \n I {K\vYßƒ' F∂pw Adnbs∏Sp∂p. C∂v ss__nfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØ s]ń´p≈ {K\vYßƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xn\pw a‰p Nneh X≈p∂Xn\pw ImcWambn `hn®Xv ssZhnI shfn]mtSm ]cnip≤mXva {]tNmZ\tam A√, {]XypX k`sb \bn® ]mcºcy hnizmkßfpw {]tXyI ho£Wßfpambncp∂psh∂mWv Imt\m\oIcWØns≥d Ncn{Xw (History Of Canoniation) ]Tn®m¬ \ap°v a\ nemIpI.

enJnX tcJIƒ BbncØn¬]cw h¿jßƒ°p≈n¬ At\Iw t]cm¬ cNn°s∏´ Iptd ]pkvXIßfpsS kamlmcamWv ss__nƒ. Cu ]pkv X IßfpsS I¿Øm°ƒ FgpXnb tIm∏nIƒ \ap°v C∂v e`ya√. ]I¿∏pIƒ am{XamWv D]e_v[ambncn°p∂Xv. ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX\mb tUm.ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: "hnip≤{K\vYImc∑m¿ FgpXnb IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ C∂p e`ya√. 88

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

]eXhW ]I¿ØnsbgpXnbXns≥d ]I¿∏pIƒ am{XamWv \ap°v e`n®ncn°p∂Xv. Cu IsøgpØp {]XnIfn¬ GXmWv aqe {KŸtØmSv G‰hpw hnizkvXambXv F∂v \nivNbn°m≥ kq£vaamb ]T\w Bhiyap≠v'.1 e`yambXn¬ G‰hpw ]pcmX\amb ss__nfns≥d enJnXtcJ Jpwdm≥ NpcpfpIƒ (Qumran Scrolls) F∂pw NmhpIS¬ NpcpfpIƒ (Dead Sea Scrolls) F∂pw Adnbs∏Sp∂ tXm¬NpcpfpIfn¬ FgpXs∏´ enJnXßfmWv. 1947\pw 1960\panS°v NmhpISens≥d hS°p]Sn™md≥ XocØp≈ KplIfn¬ \n∂v Is≠SpØ NpcpfpIfmWnh. Chbn¬ C∂v ss__nfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØs∏ń´p≈ {K\vYßfpsS `mKßfpw ss__nfn¬ \n∂v Hgnhm°s∏´ {K\v Y ßfpsS JWv U ßfpw ss__nfpambn bmsXmcp _\v [ hp an√mØ {K\vYßfpsa√mw Dƒs°m≈p∂p≠v. {InkvXphn\p apºv aq∂mw \q‰m≠ns≥d A¥yØnepw {InkvXm_vZw G-gn-\panSbn¬ cNn°s∏´hbmWv NmhpIS¬ Npcpfp-Isf∂mWv Ahbn¬ D]tbmKn°s∏ńcn°p∂ `mjbpw ssienbpw hyIv X am°p∂Xv v . CXn¬ C∂v D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂ ss__nfpambn _\v [ ap≈ ]q¿W{K\v Y ambn sbiømhns≥d ]pkv X Iw am{XamWp≈Xv . \qtdmfw Npcpƒ JWvUßfnembn a‰p Nne ]gb \nba ]pkvXIßfpsSbpw `mKßƒ NmhpIS¬ NpcpfpIfnep≠v. NmhpIS¬ NpcpfpIƒ Is≠Øp∂Xphsc G‰hpw ]pcmX\amb ln{_p ssIsbgpØp {]XnIfmbn IcpXs∏ńcp∂Xv {InkvXm_vZw 894¬ FgpXs∏´ sIbv t dm tImUIv k pw (Cairo Codex) 930¬ FgpXs∏´ Aset∏m tImUIv k pw (Aleppo Codex) 1008 ¬ FgpXs∏´ se\n≥{KmUv tImUIv k pw (Lenin Grad Codex) Bbncp∂p. tXm¬jo‰pIƒ tN¿Øv Hń®v aS°n ]pkvXIcoXnbn em°nb ]pcmX\ tcJIfmWv tImUIvkpIƒ F∂dnbs∏Sp∂Xv. {Ko°pss__nfns≥d D]e_v[ambn´p≈ G‰hpw ]pcmX\amb ssIsbgpØp {]Xn tImUIvkv knss\‰n°kv (Codex Sinaticus) BWv. {InkvXm_vZw \memwiXIØn¬ cq]saSpØsX∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ Cu tImUIv k v 1859¬ ko\mbv aebnse Hcp

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Kplbn¬ \n∂mWv Is≠SpØXv. Cu ssIsbgpØp tcJbn¬ ]pXnb\nbaØnse apgph≥ `mKtØmSpsam∏w C∂v ss__nfn¬ tN¿°mØ _¿W_mkns≥d teJ\hpw sl¿amkns≥d CSb≥ F∂ teJ\Øns≥d `mKßfpw tN¿Øncn°p∂p. ]gb\nbaØn s≥d Ahkm\`mKØv a°m_mbcpsS \memwteJ\w F∂ Hcp ]pkvXIhpw C∂v ss__nfn¬ C√mØXmbn tN¿°s∏ń´p≠v. {InkvXm_vZw A©mw\q‰m≠n¬ FgpXnbXmsW∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ tImUIvkv AeIvkm≠vdnbkv (Codex Alexandrius) BWv ]pcmX\amb as‰mcp ssIsøgpØp{]Xn. 1627¬ AeIv k m¨{Unbmbn¬ sh®mWv CXv Is≠Sp°s∏´Xv . CXv FgpXs∏Sptºmƒ ]pXnb\nbaØnsebpw ]gb\nbaØntebpw apgph≥ ]pkvXIßfpw AtXmsSm∏w C∂v ss__nfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbnń√mØ s¢a≥dns≥d H∂pw c≠pw teJ\ßƒ, itemtams≥d k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ XpSßnb {K\vYßfpw D≠mbncp∂p. aØmbnbpsS kphntijØns≥dbpw, D¬]Øn]pkvXIØn s≥dbpw knwl`mKhpw \jvSs∏´ coXnbnemWv Cu tImUIvkv e`n®ncn°p∂Xv. \memw \q‰m≠n¬ FgpXs∏´XmsW∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ as‰mcp ]pcmX\ ssIsbgpØv tcJbmWv tImUIvkv hØn°m\kv (Codex Vaticanus). tdmanse hØn°m≥ sse{_dnbn¬ kq£n° s∏ńcn°p∂ Cu tImUIvknse ]e `mKßfpw \jvSs∏ń´p≠v. {InkvXm_vZw 200\pw 250\p anS°v FgpXs∏´sX∂v hnNmcn°p∂ as‰mcp ssIsøgpØp tcJ IqSnbp≠v . sNkv ‰ ¿ _o‰n t]∏ndn (Chester Beatty Papyri) F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ ]m∏ndkv tcJbn¬ Hcphn[sa√m ]pXnb\nba]pkvXIßfpap≠v. Cßs\, C∂v Hcp]mSv ssIsbgpØptcJIƒ \ΩpsS ssIhiap≠v. \membnctØmfw ssIsbgpØp tcJIƒ ss__nfnt≥dXmbn D]e_v[ambn´p≠v. F∂m¬ CXne[nIhpw kºq¿Æ tcJIf√. ]Wv U nX\mb ]n.‰n.Ipcphnf FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI:"Ct∏mƒ GItZiw 4000 ss__nfns≥d ssIsøgpØp {]XnIƒ \nehnep≠v . Ahbn¬ NneXn¬ ss__nfnse Nne

1. ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w: hnizmkØns≥d thcpIƒ, ]pdw 28˛29. 90

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

` m K ß ƒ a m { X t a D ≈ q . Cu I s ø g p Ø p { ] X n I ƒ c ≠ m w iXIØn\pw ]Xn\©mw iXIØn\pw a[yØnsegpXnbn´p≈Xmbn A\pam\n°s∏Sp∂p'.1

blq-Z∑mcpsS Imt\m≥ hnhcn°s∏´ hyXykv X ßfmb ssIsbgpØp tcJIfpsS ASnkvYm\ØnemWv hyXykvX ImeL´Ønep≠mbncp∂ Imt\m\pIsf°pdn®v a\ nem°p∂Xv . {Inkv X phn\v \mep \q‰m≠pIƒ°p apºv Xs∂ C∂v ImWp∂ coXnbnep≈ ]©{K\vYßƒ blqZ¿°nSbn¬ hnip≤{KŸßfmbn AwKoIcn°s∏ńcp∂psh∂mWv ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑mcpsS ]£w. _n.kn.c≠mw iXIØns≥d Bcwàmbt∏mtg°pw "s\_bnw' hn`mKØn¬s]´ H´p ap°m¬ {K\vYßfpw "sIØp_nw' hn`mKØn¬ s]´ "Zm\ntb¬' Hgn®p≈ {K\vYßfpw blqZ∑m¿ Imt\m\mbn AwKoIcn®ncp∂psh∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. F∂m¬ Ch am{Xambncp∂n√ blqZ∑m¿ hnip≤{K\v Y ßfmbn IcpXnt∏m∂ncp∂Xv. C∂v ss__nfn¬ ImWs∏SmØ Ipsdtbsd {KŸßƒ A∂v ]mcmbWw sNøs∏SpIbpw {]Ncn∏n°s∏SpIbpw s N b v X n c p ∂ p . ] p X n b \ n b a ] p k v X I ß f n ¬ t ] m e p w Cu {KŸßfn¬ \n∂v D≤cn°s∏ńcn°p∂p. tUm. ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: "C∂vss__nfns≥d `mKambn Bcpw AwKoIcn°mØ Nne ]pkv X Ißfn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnIfpw ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ ImWmw. DZm:bqZmkv FgpXnb teJ\w 14˛mw hmIyw---- ""I≠mepw, I¿Ømhv Xs≥d hnip≤cpsS ]Xn\mbncßfpsS IqsS BKX\mbncn°p∂p''. Ft\m°ns≥d H∂mw ]pkvXIw 1,9¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnbmWnXv. bqZm: 9¬ sImSpØncn°p∂ tamibpsS icocsØs®m√n ]nimNnt\mSv X¿°n® anJmtbens≥d Nn{Xw ""tamibpsS kz¿KmtcmlWw'' F∂ {K\vYØn¬ \ns∂SpØXmWv. "Ah≥ \{kmb≥ F∂p hnfn°s∏Spw' (aØmbn 2:23)F∂ {]hN\w C∂v AwKoIcn°s∏ńcn°p∂ ]gb\nbØn¬ \n∂√, at‰tXm ]pkv X IØn¬ \n∂v FSpØXmbncn°Ww. CXn¬ \ns∂√mw 1. ]n.‰n.Ipcphnf: ss__nƒ \q‰m≠pIfneqsS ]pdw: 40. 92

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

hyIvXamhp∂Xv ]pXnb \nbaw cNn°s∏´ ImeØv ss__nfnse ]pkvXIßsf°pdn®v bqlZcpsS CSbn¬ A¥namb Hcp Xocpam\w \nehn¬ h∂ncp∂n√ F∂mWv'.1 {InkvXm_vZw BZy \q‰m≠nse blqZ∑m¿°nSbn¬ c≠p Xcw thZ{KŸßƒ {]NmcØnep≠mbncp∂p. ]ekvXo\mbnse blqZ¿ F{_mb`mjbnep≈ ]gb\nba]pkv X IßfmWv D]tbmKn®n cp∂Xv. F∂m¬ tdmam km{amPyØns≥d CXc`mKßfn¬ Pohn®ncp∂ blqZ∑m¿ AeIvkm¨{Snbbn¬ sh®p hnh¿Ø\w sNøs∏´ sk]v ‰ Pn≥dv (Septagint) F∂ ]gb\nba]pkv X I ßfpsS {Ko°v ]cn`mjbmWv D]tbmKn®ncp∂Xv. Cu c≠v ]gb \nba{]XnIfpw XΩn¬ kmcamb Hcp A¥cap≠mbncp∂p. ItØmen°¿ DØc Imt\m\nI{KŸßsf∂p hnfn°p∂ {KŸßƒ IqSn sk]v ‰ Pn≥dv {]Xnbn¬ D≠mbncp∂p. F∂m¬ {InkvXm_vZw 80\pw 100\panS°v \S∂ blqZ d∫namcpsS bmav\nbm ktΩf\Øn¬ sh®v F{_mb `mjbnep≈ {K\vYßƒ am{Xta {]amWnIambn ]cnKWnt°WXp≈qsh∂v Xocpam\n°s∏´p. {Ko°v˛Acamb `mjIfnep≈Xpw ]e blqZ kaqlßfpw ss__nfns≥d `mKambn kzoIcn®ncp∂Xpamb a‰p {K\v Y ßƒ Ah¿ A{]mamWnIambn X≈n. sk]v ‰ Pn≥dn¬ D≠mbncp∂, blqZ∑mcm¬ X≈s∏´ {KŸßƒ kzoIcn°Wtam th≠tbm F∂ ImcyØn¬ BZyImew apX¬°p Xs∂ ss{Ikv X h¿°nSbn¬ A`n{]mb¥cw \ne\n∂ncp∂p. {InkvXm_vZw 1545\pw 1563\panS°v \S∂ s{Xt¥mkv kp\ltZmkv Cu ]pkv X Ißƒ IqSn thZ ]pkv X IØns≥d `mKamsW∂v hnizkn°¬ \n¿_\v [ amsW∂v {]Jym]n®tXmSpIqSn Ch IqSn ItØmen°m ss__nfns≥d Ahn`mPy`mKambn amdn. Ah¿ Cu {KŸßsf DØcImt\m\nI (Deutero Canonical) sa∂p hnfn®t∏mƒ s{]m´kv ‰ ≥dpIm¿ s{Xt¥mkv kp\ltZmkns≥d Xocpam\w AwKoIcn°msX Chsb Hgnhm°s∏´ {KŸßfmb At∏m{In^ (Apocrypha) bpsS IqsSbmWv Dƒs∏SpØnbXv.

1. ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w: hnizmkØns≥d thcpIƒ, ]pdw:22. 93

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

]pXnb \nba Imt\m≥

kyqUn]n{Km^

]pXnb\nbaØn\v BZyambn Hcp Imt\m≥ \n¿an®Xv c≠mw \q‰m≠n¬ Gjymssa\dn¬ Pohn® am¿kntbm¨ (Marcion) F∂ Hcp [\nI\mWv. ]gb\nbaØnse {Iqc\mb ssZhw ASnaIfm°n sh®ncp∂ a\pjysc kz¥w cIv X w hnebmbn \¬In tamNn∏n °pIbmWv kz¿KØn¬ \n∂ndßnh∂ tbip{InkvXp sNbvXsX∂ Xs≥d XXzw {]Ncn∏n°phm≥ th≠nbmWv eqt°mkns≥d kphntijhpw ]utemkns≥d ]Øp teJ\ßfpw Iq´nt®¿Øv am¿kntbm¨ Hcp thZ]pkvXIap≠m°nbXv. "kmØms≥d BZyPmX≥' F∂v {InkvXpaXhnizmknIƒ hnfn°p∂ am¿kntbm¨ BWv BZysØ Imt\m\ns≥d I¿Ømsh∂p kmcw.

ItØmen°m ss__nfns≥d `mKamb GXm\pw Nne At∏m{In^m {KŸßsf°qSmsX, BZyImesØ blqZ∑mcpw {InkvXym\nIfpw D]tbmKn°pIbpw ]n∂oSv Imt\m\n¬ Dƒs∏SpØmXncn°pIbpw sNbvX H´\h[n {K\vYßfp≠v. Chsb kyqUn]n{Km^ (Pseudepigrapha) F∂p ]dbp∂p. Cu hn`mKØn¬ s]´ Adp]Øt©mfw ]pkv X Ißfp≠mbncp∂psh∂v a\ nem °m≥ Ign™n´p≠v . Chbn¬ \n∂v ]pXnb \nbateJ\ßfn¬ D≤cn°s∏´n´p≠v . AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Chbn¬ NnesX¶nepw BZyIme ss{Ikv X h¿ sshZnI{KŸambn ]cnKWn®ncp∂hbm sW∂v a\ nem°mw. kyqUn]n{Km^bmbn ]WnKWn°s∏Sp∂ {K\vYßƒ Xmsg ]dbp∂hbmWv :

{Ko°p ss__nfns≥d G‰hpw ]pcmX\amb ssIsbgpØp {]Xnbmb tImUIvkv knss\‰n°kv cq]saSpØXv {InkvXm_vZw \memw iXIØnemsW∂v ]d™pht√m. CXn¬ _¿W_mkns≥d teJ\w, sl¿amkns≥d CSb≥ F∂o teJ\ßƒ IqSn ]pXnb \nbatØmsSm∏aps≠∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw {]kv X mhyamWv . {InkvXm_vZw \memw \q‰m≠n¬ t]mepw GsX√mw {KŸßfmWv ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ Dƒs∏SptØ≠Xv F∂ ImcyØn¬ A¥naamb Hcp Xocpam\ap≠mbncp∂ns√∂mWt√m CXp ImWn°p∂Xv.

Dt]£n°s∏´ {KŸßƒ ]gb \nbaØnepw ]pXnb \nbaØnepw BZyImeØv Dƒ s∏SpØs∏´ncp∂hbpw ]n∂oSv Dt]£n°s∏´Xpamb A\h[n ]pkvXIßfps≠∂v ]d™pht√m. Cu ]pkvXIßfn¬ ItØm en°mss__nfns≥d ]gb\nbaØn¬ Dƒs∏SpØs∏´n´p≈ {KŸßsf ItØmen°¿ DØc Imt\m\nI {KŸßsf∂mWv hnfn°p∂sX¶nepw s]mXpsh At∏m{In^ F∂ t]cnemWv Ah Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv. "Hfn®psh°s∏´Xv', "\nKq-VambXv' F∂nßs\ bmWv At∏m{In-^sb∂ {Ko°p]ZØn\¿∞w.

1. Ft\m°ns≥d FtXym]y≥ shfn]mSv 2. Ft\m°ns≥d …mthmWnIv shfn]mSv 3. Ft\m°ns≥d ln{_p shfn]mSv kn_n√nb\ns≥d Acpf∏mSpIƒ tians≥d {]_‘w Fsk°ntbens≥d At∏m{In^ sk-^\ymhns≥d shfn]mSv 4. F{km F{kmbpsS {Ko°v shfn]mSv F{kmbpsS Z¿i\w F{kmbpsS tNmZyßƒ F{kmbpsS shfn]mSv sk{Zm°ns≥d shfn]mSv 2. _mdq°ns≥d kndnb≥ shfn]mSv

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

3. _mdq°ns≥d {Ko°v shfn]mSv A{_lmans≥d shfn]mSv

sd°mss_‰pIfpsS Ncn{Xw AlnIzm¿

BZmans≥d shfn]mSv

3. a°m_mb¿

FenPmbpsS shfn]mSv

4. a°m_mb¿

Zm\ntbens≥d shfn]mSv

Ir{Xna t^mksseUpIƒ

]{¥≠v ]m{Xnbm¿°okp-amcpsS \nbaw

kndnb≥ sa\m≥UdpsS hmNIßƒ

tPm_ns≥d \nbaw

ZmhoZns≥d IqSpX¬ k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ

aq∂v ]m{Xnbm¿°okpamcpsS \nbaw

sa\mt lns≥d {]m¿∞\

A{_mlmans≥d \nbaw

tkmfas≥d k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ

CkvlmJns≥d \nbaw

bh\ kn\tKmK¬ {]m¿∞\

bmt°m_ns≥d \nbaw

tbmk^ns≥d {]m¿∞\

tamsibpsS \nbaw

bmt°m_ns≥d {]m¿∞\

tkmfas≥d \nbaw

tkmfas≥d A¿®\mem] Imhyw

AcnkvXnbmkns≥d IØv Pq_nenIƒ sbiømhns≥d cIvXkm£nXzhpw BtcmlWhpw tbmk^pw Ask\Øpw BZmans≥dbpw l∆bpsSbpw PohnXw Ir{Xna ^ntem {]hmNI∑mcpsS PohnXw bmt°m_ns≥d tImWn 4. _mdq°v sP∂pIfpw tPw_dpIfpw 96

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

kyqUn]n{Km^sb∂ {Ko°p]ZØn\v "tasegpØpIƒ hymPamb tcJIƒ' F∂mW¿∞w. _n.kn.aq∂mw \q‰m≠ns‚bpw {Inkv X m_v Z w c≠mw \q‰m≠ns‚bpw CSbn¬ cNn°s∏´sX∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ ChbpsS cNbnXm°fmbn tcJs∏SpØs∏´ncn°p∂ t]cpIƒ hymPamsW∂Xn\memWv Chbv°v "kyqUn]n{Km^' sb∂ t]cp hoWXv. ]gb \nba Imt\m\n¬ \n∂v Chsb Hgnhm°nbXv F¥psIm≠msW∂ tNmZyØn\v hyIv X amb adp]SnIsfm∂pw Xs∂ ]dbm\ns√∂XmWv hmkv X hw. ChbpsS cNbnXm°ƒ APv R mXcmsW∂ ImcWamWv ]et∏mgpw ]dbs∏Smdp≈Xv . ss_ _ nf n s ≥ d H c p ] p kv X I Øn s ≥ d t ] m ep w c N b n X m hv BcmsW∂v JWvUnXambn ]dbm≥ km[ya√ F∂ hkvXpX \mw apºv a\ nem°nbn´p≠v . kyqUn]n{Km^bn¬ Dƒs∏SpØs∏´ {KŸßƒ ]gb\nbaImt\m\n¬ kzoIcn°mØXn\v ImcWw AhbpsS {K\vYImc∑msc°pdn®p≈ APvRXbmsW¶n¬ 97

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

ss__nfnse GXp`mKamWv Cu am\ZWv U w sh®p kzoIcn° s∏Sm≥ A¿lamIpI? At∏mƒ {KŸImc∑msc°pdn® APvRX am{Xa√ Cu ]pkvXIßƒ Imt\m\nIambn kzoIcn°p∂Xn¬ \n∂v d∫namscbpw k`sbbpw XS™p\n¿Ønbncn°p∂Xv . AXn\v ImcWw as‰s¥ms°tbm BWv. Hgnhm°s∏´ Cu {K\vYßfn¬ d∫namcptSbpw k`bpsSbpw CNvOIƒ°pw hnizmkßƒ°psaXnsc ]eXpw D≠mbncn°m\nSbp≠v . AXmbncn°mw Nnet∏mƒ Cu {KŸßsf XnckvIcn°p∂Xnte°v Ahsc \bn®sX∂v \ymbambpw Duln°mhp∂XmWv.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

_¿W_mkns≥d kphntijw bmt°m_ns≥d BZnakphntijw tXmakns≥d ssiih kphntijw tbml∂ms≥d {]h¿Ø\ßƒ ]t{Xmkns≥d {]h¿Ø\ßƒ ]utemkns≥d {]h¿Ø\ßƒ Bt{¥mkns≥d {]h¿Ø\ßƒ

At{∏m{In^

tXmakns≥d {]h¿Ø\ßƒ

]pXnb \nbaØn¬ \n∂pw XnckvIcn°s∏´ H´\h[n {KŸßfp≠v. \mepw A©pw \q‰m≠pIfn¬ {]NmcØnep≠mbncp ∂sX∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ tImUIvkpIfn¬ an°Xnepw C∂v D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂ ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ Dƒs∏SpØmØ H∂ne[nIw ]pkv X Ißƒ Dƒs°m≈n°s∏ńcp∂psh∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. Iptdtbsd teJ\ßfpw kphntijßfp sa√mw ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ \n∂v \o°w sNøs∏ń´p≠v . Chsb "At∏m{In^m'sb∂mWv hnfn°p∂Xv. ]pXnb \nbaØnse At∏m{InÎƒ Xmsg ]dbp∂hbmWv.

a∞nbmkns≥dbpw Bt{¥mkns≥dbpw {]h¿Ø\ßƒ ^nen∏nbpsS {]h¿Ø\ßƒ XmUvSbqkns≥d {]h¿Ø\ßƒ ]t{Xmkns≥dbpw ]utemkns≥dbpw {]h¿Ø\ßƒ ]t{Xmkns≥dbpw Bt{¥mkns≥dbpw {]h¿Ø\ßƒ aØmbnbpsS cIvXkm£nXzw ]t{Xmkns≥d bh\ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ

]t{Xmkns≥d kphntijw 3. sImcn¥y¿ \nt°mZakns≥d kphntijw emthmUnjy∑m¿°p≈ teJ\w s\tkmdnb∑mcpsS kphntijw ]utemkns≥dbpw sk\°bptSbpw IØpIƒ F_ntbmssW‰pIfpsS kphntijw tbiphns≥dbpw A_vKmdns≥dbpw IØpIƒ F{_mbcpsS kphntijw se≥Xpeqkns≥d IØv CuPn]vXy≥amcpsS kphntijw ssS‰kns≥d teJ\w tXmakns≥d kphntijw ]t{Xmkns≥d shfn]mSv ^nen∏ns≥d kphntijw ]t{Xmkns≥d tIm]v‰nIv shfn]mSv adnbbpsS kphntijw 98

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

]utemkns≥d shfn]mSv sPbnwkns≥d H∂mw shfn]mSv

AwKoIcn°msX ]gb \nbaØn¬ 39 ]pkv X Ißsf am{Xw kzoIcn°pIbpw sNbvXp.

sPbnwkns≥d c≠mw shfn]mSv

F¥psIm≠p XnckvIcn°s∏´p

tbml∂ms≥d At∏m{In^

CXmWv ss__nƒ Imt\m\oIcWØns≥d Ncn{Xw. ChnsS Hcp kXymt\zjnbpsS {i≤ ]Xnbp∂ ]e Imcyßfp≠v. {][m\ambpw "kyqsU]n{Km^'sbbpw "At∏m{In^'tbbpw kw_\v[n® Imcyßƒ Xs∂. hnip≤∑mcpsS t]cn¬ a‰p ]ecpw FgpXnb { K Ÿ ß f m Wv ] g b \n b a Øn ep w ] p X n b \n b a Øn ep w \ n e \n¬°p∂sX∂ hkvXpX ]WvUnX∑msc√mw AwKoIcn®p Ign™n´p≠v. ssZhw {]hmNI∑m¿°v \¬Inb thZ{KŸßfn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cnWnIƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂hbmWv Cu ]pkvXIßfne[n Ihpsa∂v \tS kqNn∏n°s∏´n´p≠v. ss__nfnse Hcp ]pkvXIhpw ]q¿Wambn ssZhnI{KŸsa∂v ]dbm≥ Ignbns√¶nepw Nne ]pkvXIßfnse√mw ssZhnI{KŸßfpsS `mKßƒ Dƒs°m≈p ∂p≠mhWw. Cu s]mXp[mcWbn¬ "kyqsU]n{Km^'bpw "At∏m{In-^'bpsa√mw a‰p ss__nƒ {KŸßtfmsSm∏w \n¬°p∂hbmWv . AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ C∂p \ne\n¬°p∂ ss__nƒ {KŸßfn¬ ImWs∏SmØ ssZhnI {KŸßfnse `mKßƒ Cu hn`mKßfn¬s∏SpØn Hgnhm°nb `mKßfnep≠mbn cn°mw. Ah XßfpsS Xm¬]cyßƒ°v hncp≤amb Bibß fpƒs°m≈p∂hbmbXn\membncn°mw BZyw- blqZd∫namcpw ]ns∂ ss{IkvXh]utcmlnXyhpw- Cu ]pkvXIßsf Imt\m\n\p ]pdØp \n¿ØnbXv. {]hmNI∑m¿°v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ ssZhnI {KŸßfpsS Bibßsf¥mbncp∂psh∂v Hcp [mcWsb¶nep ap≠m°Wsa¶n¬ ]pdw X≈s∏´ ]pkvXIßfnse Bibßfpw kzoIcn°s∏´ {KŸßfnse Bibßfpw XΩn¬ XmcXayØn\v hnt[bam°saW∂v kmcw.

tbip{InkvXphns≥d IpX¿°w ]t{Xmkv ^nen∏ns\gpXnb IØv adnbØns≥d shfn]mSv Cu ] p k v X I ß f n ¬ a n ° h b p w k p h n t i j ß f p w a ‰ p ]pXnb\nba{KŸßfpw cNn°s∏´ ImetØm AXn\p aptºm cNn°s∏´hbmWv. F∂n´pw F¥psIm≠v Cu {KŸßsf]pXnb\nbaØns≥d Imt\m\n¬ Dƒs∏SpØn-bn√ F∂ tNmZyw DØcan√msX XpScpIbmWv. Chbn¬ ]eXpw BZyIme {InkvXym \nIƒ kzoIcn°pIbpw Ahbn¬ \n∂pw XßfpsS hnizmk{]am Wßƒ cq]s∏SpØpIbpw sNbv X ncp∂p. {Inkv X m_v Z w 325˛¬ tN¿∂ \nJnbm Iu¨knemWv Cu {KŸßfn¬ an°Xnt\ bpw˛tbiphns≥d ZnhyXzawKoIcn°mØ kIetcJIsfbpw \in∏n°phm≥ Xocpam\n®Xv . F∂n´pw Nne {KŸßsf¶nepw ss{Ikv X h a\ pIfn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂p. ]Xn\mdmw \q‰m≠n¬ \S∂ s{Xt¥mkv kp\ltZmkmWv C°mcyØn¬ A¥na Xo¿∏v I¬∏n®Xv. 1546 G{]n¬ F´mw XobXn \S∂ kp\ltZmkns≥d \memw ktΩf\w "Imt\m\nI {KŸßsf°pdn®v' (De Canonicis Scripturis) F∂ Un{InbneqsS ]gb\nbaØn¬ 45Dw ]pXnb \nba Øn¬ 27Dw ]pkvXIßfmWp≈sX∂ Imcyw hnizmkkXyambn {]Jym]n®p*. {]kv X pX Un{InbmWv ItØmen°sc kw_\v [ n ®nStØmfw thZ]pkvXIsØ kw_\v[n® Ahkm\sØ hm°v. s{]m´kv‰≥dpImcmhs´, s{Xt¥mkv kp\ltZmkns≥d Xocpam\w apJhnes°Sp°pIbpw F∂m¬ DØc Imt\m\nI {KŸßsf *Un{Inbn¬ hnem]ßƒ F∂ ]pkv X Ihpw "bncaym' ]pkv X Ihpw IqSn H‰ ]pkvXIambmWv FÆnbncn°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠mWv 45 ]gb \nba {KŸßƒ F∂p ]d™ncn°p∂Xv. C∂v ItØmen°m ss__nfn¬ 46 ]gb \nba ]pkvXIßfp≠v. 100

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ssZhnI {KŸsØ P\ßfn¬ \n∂v ad®psh°p∂hsc°pdn® Jp¿B\nI {]kvXmh\Iƒ blqZd∫nam¿°pw ss{IkvXh ]ptcmlnX∑m¿°pw Xo¿®bmbpw tbmPn°psa∂mWv Imt\m\o IcWØns≥d Ncn{Xw hyIvXam°p∂Xv. 101

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

"\mw AhXcn∏n® sXfnhpIfpw am¿KZ¿i\hpw thZ {KŸØneqsS P\ßƒ°v \mw hniZam°ns°mSpØXn\p tijw ad®psh°p∂hcmtcm Ahsc A√mlp i]n°p∂XmWv. i]n°p∂hscms°bpw Ahsc i]n°p∂XmWv' (2:159). "thZ{KŸØnep≈ A√mlp AhXcn∏n® Imcyßƒ ad®psh°pIbpw AXn\p hnebmbn XpNvOamb t\´ßƒ t\Snsb Sp°pIbpw sNøp∂hcmtcm Ah¿ XßfpsS hbdpIfn¬ Xn∂p\nd °p∂Xv \cIm·nb√msX as‰m∂pa√. Db¿sØgpt∂¬]- n s≥d \mfn¬ A√mlp AhtcmSv kwkmcn°pItbm (]m]ßfn¬ \n∂v) Ahsc kwip≤cm°pItbm sNøpIbn√. Ah¿°v thZ\tbdnb in£bp≠mbncn°pIbpw sNøpw' (2:174). "thZ{KŸw \¬Is∏´htcmSv \nßfXv P\ßƒ°v hnhcn®psImSp°Wsa∂pw \nßfXv ad®psh°cpsX∂pw A√mlp Icm¿ hmßnb kµ¿`w ({i≤n°pI). F∂n´v AhcXv (thZ{KŸw) ]pdtIm´v hens®dnbpIbpw Xp—amb hne°v AhcXv hn‰pIfbpIbpamWv sNbv X Xv . Ah¿ ]Icw hmßp∂Xv hfsc NoØXs∂' (3:187). "]dbpI: thZ°mtc, XudmØpw C≥Poepw \nßƒ°v \nßfpsS c£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ ktµißfpw \nßƒ (t\cmwhÆw) \ne\n¿Øp∂Xphsc \nßƒ°v bmsXmcp ASnkvYm\hpan√' (5:68).

102

Ggv ss_ _nfnse

]pkv X I ßfpw ssZhhpw XΩnep≈ _‘sa¥msW∂Xns\°pdn®v H∂ne[nIw ImgvN∏mSpIƒ \ne\n∂ncp∂p.

ssZh\nthinX {KŸw-

ss__nfnse ]Zßsf√mw ssZhw ]d™psImSpØXmsW∂ (verbal inspiration) h n i z m k w C t ∏ m ƒ H c p h n [ s a √ m ss{IkvXhk`Ifpw Dt]£n®pIgn™n´p≠v. C∂v ss__nfns\ ]cnbs∏SpØmdp≈Xv ssZh\nthinX (inspiered) {KŸsa∂mWv. C≥kv ] ncmjntbm (inpiratio) F∂ em‰n≥ ]ZØn¬ \n∂mWv C≥kv]ntcj≥ (inspiration) F∂ Cw•ojv ]Zap≠mbncn°p∂Xv. Cu ]ZØn\mWv aebmfØn¬ "ssZh\nthinXw' F∂p ]cn`mj \¬Is∏Smdp≈Xv. "C≥kv]ncmjntbm'sb∂ em‰n≥ ]Zw "sXtbm]v \ pkv t Xmkv ' (theopneustos) F∂ {Ko°p ]ZØns≥d ]cn`mjbmWv . XnsamsØtbmkn\v ]utemkv FgpXnb c≠mw teJ\Øn¬ aq∂mw A[ymbw ]Xn\mdmw hN\ØnemWv Cu ]Zw ImWs∏Sp∂Xv. B hN\w Dßs\bmWv, "hnip≤ enJnXßsf√mw ssZh\nthinXßfmWv ' . "sXtbm]v k v t \mkv ' F∂ ]ZØn\v "DuX¬' F∂mWv A¿∞w. Cu ]ZØn\v t\cn´v \¬Im≥ Ignbp∂ ]cn`mj "\nizknXw' F∂mWv . F∂m¬ tIcfm ItØmenIv _nj∏v Iu¨kn¬ Xømdm°nb aebmfw ss__nfn¬ 103

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

sImSpØncn°p∂Xv "\nthinXw' F∂mWv . CXn\p ImcWambn tUm.ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w hniZoIcn°p∂Xv ImWpI: "{KŸw FgpXp∂Xn\mbn sXcs™Sp°s∏´ hyIvXnbn¬ ]cnip≤mflmhv {]tXyI hn[Øn¬ Bhkn°pIbpw {KŸcN\°mbn Abmsf Hcp°pIbpw \nc¥cw {]tNmZn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp F∂v FSpØp Im´m≥ "\nthinXw' F∂ ]ZamWv IqSpX¬ D]bpIv X amhpI. ]cni≤mflmhns≥d Bhmkhpw {]tNmZ\hpw hgn FgpXs∏Sp∂ {KŸw ssZhhN\amWv; bYm¿∞ {KŸI¿Ømhv ssZhhpw' 1

ssZhmXvamhn\m¬ DfhmIp∂XmWv ssZh \nizkvXX bm{¥nIa√. ss__nƒ ssZhØns≥d hm°pIƒ Bbncn°ptºmƒ Xs∂ Hmtcm FgpØpImcs≥dbpw hm°pIfmbn´pw Ccn°p∂p. FgpØpImcs≥d BfXzhpw {]tXyI IgnhpIfpw \ne\n¿Øns°m≠v Xs∂ AhcneqsS ]cnip≤m∑mhv kwkmcn°pIbmbncp∂p. ss__nfn¬ ssZhhN\w Ds≠∂√ ss__nƒ ]q¿Æambpw ssZhhN\amWv F∂v thZ]pkvXIw {]Jym]n°p∂p.1

ss__nfpw ssZhhpw XΩnep≈ _‘sØ°pdn® ItØmen°m \ne]mSv c≠mw hØn°m≥ kp\ltZmkns≥d "ssZhnI shf]mSv' F∂ {]amW tcJbn¬ hyIvXam°nbn´p≠v. "At∏mkvXe∑mcn¬ \n∂p e`n® hnizmkØns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬ k`sb∂ hnip≤amXmhv , ]pXnb\nbaØnsebpw ]gb\nbaØnsebpw apgph≥ ]pkv X I- ß fpw AhbpsS kIe `mKßfpapƒs∏sS kw]qPyhpw Imt\m\nIhpamsW∂v ]Tn∏n°p∂p. ImcWw, AhbpsS cN\ \S∂Xv ]cnip≤m-fl-mhns≥d \nthi\ØnemsW ∂Xn\m¬ ssZhamWv AhbpsS I¿Ømsh∂Xpw AXv A{]Im camWv k`°v \¬Is∏´n´p≈Xv F∂XpamWv2.

tUm.F.Fw.imapth¬, tUm.tPm¨k¨ ^nen∏v, jn_p sI.t]mƒ, kXojv sNdnbm≥ XpSßnbh¿ tN¿s∂gpXnb "kºq¿Æ ssZhimkv{Xw' F∂ _rlZv{KŸØn¬ ssZh \nizkvX Xsb°pdn®v hniZambn N¿® sNbvXn´p≠v. N¿®bpsS kw{Kl Øn¬ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "" hnip≤ thZ]pkvXIsØ I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphnt\mSv kmZris∏SpØmhp∂XmWv. tbip{InkvXp hn¬ ssZhXzhpw, a\pjyXzhpw H∂n®v ktΩfn®ncn°p∂p. A∆Æw Xs∂ thZ]pkv X IØn¬ ssZhXzhpw a\pjyXzhpw H∂n®v ktΩfn®ncn°p∂p. FgpØpImcpsS hyIv X n{]`mhsØtbm, ]mShsØtbm, ]mcºcy hmk\sbtbm, ]cn⁄m\sØtbm, ]cnXyPn°msX AhchcpsS kmlnXy ssienbn¬ Xs∂ ssZhhN\sØ tcJs∏SpØphm≥ ]cnip≤mflmhv AhcpsS ta¬ kzm[o\w sNepØn. sbiømhns≥d iIvXntbdnb ssienIfpw, bnscaymhns≥d A\pIºtbdnb hm°pIfpw, ⁄m\nIfpsS tIkcnbmb itemtams≥d ⁄m\hpw, ]finXhtcWy\mb ]utemkns≥d ]mfin- X yhpw CXc Ìv X ≥amcpsS A\pZn\ PohnXm\p`hßfpw sX√pw AhKWn°s∏ńń√. sshZy\mb eqt°mkns≥d FgpØpIfn¬ sshZyimkv{Xhpw, bmt°m_ns≥d teJ\Øn¬ {]mtbmKnI {InkvXob PohnXhpw, ]utemkns≥d FgpØpIfn¬ ssZhimkv{X kw_\v[amb AXyKm[ hnjbßfpw,

s{]m´kv‰p≥dpIm¿ D]tbmKn°p∂ "kXythZ]pkvXI' Øn¬ 2 Xntam 3:16 ]cn`mjs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv ""F√m XncpshgpØpw ssZhimkobamIbm¬....'' F∂p Xs∂bmWv . aqe{KŸhpambn IqSpX¬ kmayX ]pe¿Øp∂Xv Cu `mjm¥camWv. ssZh\nthinX sa∂]ZØn\p ]Icw IqSpX¬ IrXyamb ssZh \nizmknXw F∂ ]ZamWv s{]m´kv‰≥dpIm¿ {]tbmKn®ncp∂sX¶nepw CXp shfnhm°p∂ A¿∞hniZoIcWØns≥d ImcyØn¬ CcpIq´cpw Htc ho£Wapƒs°m≈p∂hcmWv. {]kn≤ s{]m´kv‰≥dv {KŸImc\mb Fw.hn.tXmakv ssZh\nizkv X Xsb hymJym\n °p∂Xv ImWpI. ""kzm`mhnI {]tNmZ\a√ ssZh\nizkv X X. kmlnXyIrXnIƒ {]tNmZ\Ømep≠mIp∂XmWv. F∂m¬ 1. hnizmkØns≥d thcpIƒ, ]pdw 31. 2.Quoted in CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Page 26.

104

1. Fw.hn.tXmakv; XncphN\ kw{Klw ]pdw25 105

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

tbml∂ms≥d FgpØpIfn¬ ssZh kvt\lhpw kv]jvSamIp∂p. ssZhw Ahtcmcp Ø¿°pw \¬Inb am\pjnI PvRm\tØbpw kzm`m hnIambn \sΩ {Kln∏n°phm≥ ssZhmXvamhn\p {]kmZw tXm∂n.1 ssZhn- I {KŸsØ°pdn® Jp¿B\nI ho£Whpambn Cu ss{Ikv X h Imgv N ∏mSv kmcamb A¥cw {]ISn∏n°p∂p≠v . thZ{KŸßfnse Bibßfpw ]Zßfpsa√mw ssZhØn¶¬ \n∂p≈XmsW∂mWv Ckv e manIhnizmkw. Cu ]Zßfntem AhbpsS LS\bntem H∂pw Xs∂ am‰w hcpØphm≥ Hcmƒ°pahImian√. ssZh\nthi\w F∂ BibØnemIs´, thZ{KŸØnse ]Zßfpw {]tbmKßfpsa√mw a\pjy\mb {KŸImct≥dXmWv . Ch FgpXphm≥ ]cnip≤mflmhv Ahs\ {]tNmZn∏n°p∂psh∂pam{Xw. ssZh\nthi\sØs°pdn®v sdbv a ≠v ˛ C˛{_u¨ FgpXp∂p: "ss__nfnse Hmtcm hm°pw a\pjyIcßƒ sIm≠v FgpXs∏´XmWv. ss__nƒ ]mcºcyßsf √mw a\pjys≥d Nn¥bpsS D¬∏∂ßfs{X. FgpXnb Bfns≥d PohnXØnep≠mb A¿∞hpw A\p`hhpamWv AXv {]Xn-^en∏n°p ∂Xv. hym]Im¿∞Øn¬ thZ]pkvXIw HcpXcw amwk[mcWamsW ∂p ]dbmw. ssZhØns≥d \n¿tZiw a\pjys≥d hm°pIfneqsS \ΩnseØnt®cp∂p'.2 ssZhnI \n¿tZißfmsW¶nepw a\pjyIcßfm¬ FgpX s∏´hbmbXn\m¬ am\pjnIamb ]cnanXnIfn¬ \n∂v ss__nƒ apIvXas√∂ Imcyw ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ Xpd∂p kΩXn°p ∂p≠v. "a\pjy\mb {KŸImc\neqsS ssZhw kzbw shfns∏SpØp Ibmbncp∂p. AXpaqew, ]t£ {KŸcN\ am\pjnI ]cnanXnIfn¬ \n∂v hnapIvXamhp∂n√. ImcWw, a\pjy¿ Fßs\tbm Aßs\Øs∂bmWv ssZhw Ahsc ImWp∂Xpw AhtcmSv s]cp amdp∂Xpw. a\pjykzmX{¥ysØ AhnSp∂v BZcn°p∂p'3. 1. tUm.H.Fw.imapth¬, tUm.tPm¨k¨ -^nen∏v, jn_p.sI.t]mƒ, kXojv sNdnbm≥: kºq¿Æ ssZhimkv{Xw ]pdw 58.. 2. REYMOND-E-BROWN:RESPONSES TO 101 QUESTIONS ON THE BIBLE Page 29. 3. IBID Page 30.

106

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

]cnip≤mflmhn¬ \n∂v {]tNmZnXcmbn alm∑m¿ FgpXnbXmWv ss__nƒ hmIyßƒ F∂ BibØn\pt]m¬_eIambn D≤cn°s∏Smdp≈Xv ]t{Xmkns≥dbpw ]utemkns≥dbpw Hmtcm teJ\ßfn¬ \n∂p≈ hN\ßfmWv. "am\pjnI {]tNmZ\Øn¬ \ n ∂ v D ≠ m b X √ H c p { ] h N \ h p w . ] c n i p ≤ m fl m h n \ m ¬ {]tNmZnXcmb a\pjy¿ sZhØn¬ \n∂p kwkmcn°p∂XmWv {]hN\w.' (2 ]t{Xmkv 1:21). "hnip≤ enJnXßsf√mw ssZh\nthin XamWv; ]Tn∏n°m\pw imkn°m\pw sX‰p XncpØm\pw \oXnbnep≈ ]cnioe\Øn\pw Ah D]Icn°p∂p' (2 XnsamsØtbmkv 3:16). Cu hN\ßfpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ ssZh\nthi\sa∂ Bibw km[mcW°m¿°p apºn¬ hnhcn°s∏Smdp≈Xv Cßs\bmWv : "ss__nfns≥d cN\°mbn ssZhw Nne hyIvXnIsf {]tXyIambn Xncs™SpØp. Xm≥ shfns∏SpØm≥ CNvOn® Imcyßƒ {Kln°m≥ ssZhw AhcpsS _p≤nsb {]Imin∏n°pIbpw {Kln®h sX‰pIqSmsX FgpXm≥ AhcpsS a\ ns\ DtØPn∏n°pIbpw sNbv X p. hnip≤ {KŸImc∑mcnep≈ ]cnip≤mflmhns≥d Cu {]h¿Ø\sØbmWv ssZh\nthi\w (divine inspiration) F∂p hnfn°p∂Xv.'1 2 ]t{Xm1:21s\ hymJym\n®psIm≠v "kºq¿W ssZhimkv{X' Øns≥d I¿Øm°ƒ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: ""XncphN\sØ FgpXphm≥ a\pjy≥ Fßs\bmWv D]tbmKn°s∏´Xv F∂s{X Cu hmIyw shfns∏SpØp∂Xv. ssZhamb ]cnip≤mflmhv Ahsc Nen∏n®p AYhm hln®p. Cu {Inbm]Zw {]hrØnIƒ 27:15epw D]tbmKn®n´p≠v. XncphN\w FgpXphm\mbn sXcs™Sp°s∏´ a\pjy¿ ssZhØm¬ hln°s∏´v Xs≥d \nb{¥WØnemWv Hmtcm hm°pw FgpXnbXv. ss__nfnse {KŸßƒ FgpXphm≥ a\pjy C—bme√ Ah¿ \nb{¥n°s∏´Xv. {]hN\w a\pjys≥d CjvSØm¬ h∂X√. AXv ]q¿Æambpw ]cnip≤mfl{]h¿Ø\ambncp∂p. am\pjy C— AXn¬ 1. kºq¿Æ ssZhimkv{Xw ]pdw 54 107

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Hcp LSIambn {]hrØn®ncps∂¶n¬ XncphN\Øn¬ sX‰pIƒ IS∂pIqSpambncp∂p. ]s£ ssZhamb ]cnip≤mflmhmWv CXns≥d ]n∂nse Htc Hcp LSIw F∂XmWv hmkvXhw. 1 sImcn. 2:13 CXnt\mSp≈ _‘Øn¬ t\m°pI. ssZhØns≥d shfn]mSv hm°pIfneqsSbmWv h∂Xv F∂v At∏mkv X e\mb ]utemkv hyIv X am°p∂p. ssZhØns≥d Nn¥Iƒ am{XamWv ssZhizmkobambp≈Xv F∂ hmZsØ CXv FXn¿°p∂p. D]tZin°p∂ hN\ßƒ F∂Xv sIm≠v ChnsS Dt±in°p∂Xv FgpXs∏´ teJ\ßsfbmWv. (H.t\m. 2Xntam 3:16)'' 1 ssZhmXva{]tNmZnXcmbn a\pjycmb {KŸImc∑m¿ FgpXnb ]pkvXIßfpsS kap®bamWv ss__nƒ F∂mWv F√m hn`mKw ss{IkvXh ]WvUnX∑mcpw A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂Xv. F∂m¬, ss__nfnse hniZoIcWßfn¬ sX‰p≠mIptamsb∂ tNmZyØn\v hyXykv X ßfpw hncp≤ßfpamb A`n{]mbßƒ {]ISn∏n°p∂ hcmWv ]Wv U nX∑m¿. ss__nƒ apt∂m´psh°p∂ aqeyßfpw Bibßfpw Ncn{Xhpw hniZoIcWßfpw imkv{X]cma¿ißfp sa√mw kXyk‘hpw {]amZapIvXhpamsW∂v Hcp hn`mKw hmZn°ptºmƒ aqeyßƒ°v am{Xta kºq¿Æamb {]amZcmlnXy ap≈qsh∂pw _m°n hniZoIcWßfn¬ am\pjnIamb ]nghpIƒ ]‰nbn´ps≠∂pw adphn`mKw ka¿∞n°p∂p. kºq¿Æ ssZhimkv{Xw {]Jym]n°p∂Xv ImWpI ""GItZiw c≠mbncw h¿jßƒsIm≠v \m¬]Xv FgpØpIm¿ hn`n∂ kvYeßfnencp∂v FgpXnb ss__nfn¬ A_≤ßƒ IS∂pIqSnbn ´p≠mIns√? km[mcW Dbcmdp≈ Hcp tNmZyamWnXv. F∂m¬ ss__nƒ A_≤clnXambpw A{]maZnXyambpw \ne\n¬°p∂p. XncpshgpØnse Hmtcm hm°pIfpw ssZhimkobambhbmWv . as‰mcp hn[Øn¬ ]d™m¬ ""ss__nƒ ssZhhN\amWv ''˛ BbXn\m¬ ss__nfns\ Ahnizkn°p∂Xv ssZhsØ hnizkn°mXncn°p∂Xn\v XpeyamWv. ssZhØn\v I≈w 1. kºq¿Æ ssZhimkv{Xw ]pdw 54 108

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

]dbphm\pw, hymPw ImWn°phm\pw km≤ya√ F∂p≈Xv XncphN\w hyIvXambn km£n°p∂ H∂mWv. (2.iap. 7:28; XosØm 1:2; F{_m. 6:18)ssZhØns≥d FgpØpIfmbncn°p∂ ss__nƒ Xo¿®bmbpw A_≤clnXhpw A{]amZnXyhpap≈Xmbncn°Ww. (kwJy 23:19; k¶o. 12:6; 119: 89; 89:96; kmZr. 30:5; aØm. 24:35) kXyØn s≥d B-Xy¥n-I am\Zfiw ssZhhN\amWv. (tbml 17:17)'' 1 F∂m¬ ss__nƒ hn⁄m\tImiw ]dbp∂Xv CXn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw hncp≤amb BibamWv. ""ss__nfns≥d {]amZcmlnXy sØ°pdn®v hn[n ]dbptºmƒ AXns≥d ktµihpw B ktµiw AhXcn∏n°p∂Xn\v D]IcWßfmbnØocp∂ hkv X pXIfpw XΩnep≈ hyXymkw a\ nemt°≠Xp≠v. ktµiw ssZhn-IamWv. AXv ssZhØns≥d {]amZcmlnXyØn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂Xpambncn°mw. F∂m¬ AXn\v D]IcWßfmb D]m[nIƒ°v ktµiØn≥d {]amZcmlnXysØ l\n°mØ hn[Ønep≈ {]amZcmlnXyta I¬]nt°≠Xp≈q. a\pjyc£°v th≠n ssZhw \¬Im≥ Dt±in°p∂ ktµiØn\v am{Xta {]amZcmlnXyap≈q. AXn\p ]IcWambnØocp∂ {]kv X mh\Iƒ°v Bt]£nIamb Hcp {]amZcmlnXytabp≈q''. 2 {]K¬` ss__nƒ ]finX\mb tUm.eq°v ]dbp∂Xpw CXp Xs∂bmWv: ""thZ{KŸw ssZh\nthinXamWv. CXns≥d A¿∞w ss__nfneqsS AhXcn∏n°p∂ c£mIc ktµiw ssZhn-Ihpw A\yq\hpamWv F∂mWv . AXpsIm≠v ss__nfnse Hmtcm {]kv X mh\bpw hmIym¿∞Øn¬ ssZh \nthinXambn a\ n em°Wsa∂n√.''3 B[p\nI imkv{XØns≥dbpw Ncn{X ]T\ßfpsSbpw IÆmSnbneqsS t\m°ptºmƒ ss__nƒ ]cma¿ißfn¬ Nneh A_≤ßfmsW∂ hkv X pX t_m[ys∏Spsa∂ bmYm¿∞yw 1. kºq¿Æ ssZhimkv{Xw ]pdw 59 2. ss__nƒ hnPvRm\ tImiw ]pdw 13 3.. tUm.sI.eq°v: aXhpw imkv{Xhpw ]pdw 3,4 109

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

hnthIaXnIfmb ]WvUnX∑m¿ AwKoIcn°p∂p≠v. tUm.ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI ""B[p\nI imkv { XØns≥dbpw Ncn{X]T\ßfpsSbpw a‰pw Imgv N ∏mSn¬ \n∂v t\m°ptºmƒ ss__nfnse Nne {]kv X mh\Iƒ sX‰mbn tXm∂ntb°mw. imkv{Xtam temINcn{Xtam ]Tn∏n°p∂ Hcp {KŸa√, c£mIc Ncn{XamWv ss__nƒ F∂ t_m[ytØmsS thWw ss__nfnse ]T\ßsf kao]n°phm≥. Hmtcm ]pkvXIhpw FgpXs∏´ ImeØv \nehnencp∂ {]]© ho£Whpw kmlnXyssienIfpw am\pjnI {KŸImc∑msc kzm[o\n®n´p≠v F∂ Imcyw ad°mhX√. {KŸImc≥ ]Tn∏n°m≥ Dt±in°p∂ c£mIckXyw F¥v F∂v a\n mem°m\mWv {iant°≠Xv. At∏mƒ {]Xy£Øn¬ tXm∂ntb°mhp∂ ]e {]kvXmh\Ifpw sX‰√ F∂v sXfnbpw''1.

ap≈qsh∂pw-- hniZoIcWßfn¬ A_≤ßfp≠mImsa∂pw ]dbphm≥ ]IzaXnIfmb ]finX∑msc t{]cn∏n°p∂Xv. F∂m¬ ChnsSbpw {]iv \ ßfp≠v . ss__nfnse hniZoIcWßfn¬ A_≤ßfp≠mImsa¶n¬ ktµißfnepw kvJenXßfp ≠mbn°qsSsb∂ tNmZyØn\v kwXr]v X amb DØcw \¬Im≥ ]WvUnX∑m¿°v Ignbp∂ns√∂XmWv {][m\s∏´ {]iv\w. Npcp°Øn¬, ss__nfn¬ A_≤ßfps≠∂v kΩXn®mepw A_≤ßfns√∂v hmZn®mepw ssZh\nthinXsa∂ Bibw {]Xn°q´nemIpw. ss__nƒ ssZh\nthinXamsW∂v hmZn°p IbmsW¶n¬ ssZhØn\v sX‰p]‰msa∂v kΩXnt°≠n hcpw. AXpsIm≠mWv ssZh\nthi\sa∂ BibsØ hymJym\n°phm≥ th≠n hyXykvX kn≤m¥ßfp≠mbXv.

F∂m¬ ss__nfn¬ bmsXmcp hn[ A_≤ßfpans√∂mWv as‰mcp hn`mKw ]WvUnX∑m¿ iIvXnbmbn hmZn°p∂Xv. ""AXp t]mseØs∂ ss__nƒ ssZhn-Ihpw am\pjn-Ihpamb {KŸamWv. ssZhØn¬ \n∂v DXv ` hn® {KŸamWnsX¶nepw a\pjycm¬ FgpXs∏´XmWnXv. ]cnip≤mXvamhn\m¬ \¬Is∏´ XncphN\w bmsXmcp A_≤Øn\pw km[yX \¬ImsX ]cnip≤mflmhn\m¬ hln°s∏´h¿ FgpXn. I¿Ømhmb tbip{Inkv X p kzoIcn® a\pjy{]IrXw ]m]Øm- ¬ If¶s∏SmXncp∂Xv t]mse ssZh hN\hpw bmsXmcp A_≤Ømepw If¶s∏´n´n√.''2

ss__nfn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p∂Xv ssZh\nthi\sa∂ anYymk¶¬]a√. {]XypX shfn]mSv F∂ bmYm¿∞yamWv. ssZh \nthi\sa∂ kn≤m¥w sXfnhpIfn√mØ Hcp k¶¬∏w am{XamWv. ssZhmXvamhv \nthin®psh∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂h¿°p Xs∂ Xßƒ ssZhmXva\nizmkØnemWv FgpXp∂sX∂v Adnbmambncp ∂ns√∂mWv ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßƒ hmbn®m¬ t_m[ys∏SpI. shfn]mSmIs´ Aßs\b√. ssZhw sXcs™SpØh¿°v Ah≥ \¬Ip∂ t_m[\amWXv . {]kv X pX t_m[\w A_≤ßfn¬ \ns∂√mw ]q¿Wambn apIv X ambncn°pw. {]hmNI∑m¿ Htcm {]iv\ßƒ A`napJoIcnt°≠n hcptºmgpw ssZhnIshfn]mSns\ {]Xo£n°pIbpw {]kvXpX shfn]S\pkcn®v {]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNbvXhcmbncp∂p. kXymkXy hnthN\Øn\v Ah¿ am\ZWvU am°nbXv Cu ssZhnIt_m[\sØbmbncp∂p. AXv A{]mamZnXhp ambncp∂p; ktµiØn¬ am{Xa√, hniZoIcWßfnepw. {]kvXpX shfn]mSpIfpw FgpØpImcpsS hN\ßfpsa√mw IqSn°pg™mWv ss__nfnep≈Xv . FgpØpImcpsS hN\ßƒ°v ssZhnIXb hImis∏Sm\mIn√. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ Ahbn¬ A_≤ßfp ≠mhpw. a\pjycmcpw Xs∂ k¿∆⁄c√t√m. ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßsf°pdn®v Jp¿B≥ ]d™Xv F{X icn! "\mw

ss__nfn¬ bmsXmcp XcØnepap≈ A_≤ßfpans√∂v hmZn°p∂h¿ imkv { XsØbpw Ncn{XsØbpsa√mw Xßƒ°v A\Iqeam°n hyJym\n°pItbm ss__nƒ hN\ßsf kµ¿`Øn¬ \n∂v AS¿Ønam‰n XßfpsS CjvS{]Imcw hniZoIcn°ptbm BWv sNømdp≈Xv . F{X Xs∂ hymJm\ Ik¿Øp°ƒ ImWn®mepw ss__nƒ kºq¿Wambn {]amZapIvX amsW∂v kvYm]n°phm≥ IgnbpIbns√∂pd∏mWv. Cu Xncn®dn hmWv ss__nfns≥d ktµiØn\p am{Xsa A{]amZnXz 1. tUm. ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w: hnizmkØns≥d thcpIƒ ]pdw 30 2. kºq¿Æ ssZh imkv{Xw ]pdw 60 110

111

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

AhXcn∏n® sXfnhpIfpw am¿KZ¿i\hpw thZ{KŸØneqsS P\ßƒ°p \mw hniZam°ns°mSpØ tijw ad®psh°p∂hcmtcm Ahsc A√mlp i]n°p∂XmWv. i]n°p∂hscms°bpw Ahsc

F´v

i]n°p∂XmWv.' (2:159)

H cn°epw

ss__nfpw imkv{Xhpw

sX‰p]‰mØ Znhy{KŸamWv ss__nƒ F∂mbncp∂p a[yImeL ´Øn¬ k` ]Tn∏n®ncp∂ hnizmk {]amWw. CXns≥d ASnkv Y m\Ønembncp∂p A°meL´Øn¬ kIe Imcyßfpw Xocpam\n®ncp∂Xv . ss__nfn∂v FXncp]dbpIbpw {]Ncn∏n °pIbpw sNbvXpsh∂ Ip‰wNpaØn imkv{X⁄∑msc ]oUn∏n® C≥Iznknj≥ tImSXnIƒ ss__nfns\°pdn® Cu ho£WØn¬ \n∂mWv DSseSpØXv.

Keoentbm {]iv\w {]kn≤ imkv{X⁄\mbncp∂ Keoentbm Keoen (1564˛1642) s°Xnsc k` ssIsIm≠ \S]SnIƒ kphnZnXamWt√m. Keoentbmhns≥d ImeØv {]]©sØ°pdn® c≠p kn≤m¥ßƒ \ne\n∂ncp∂p. `qtI{µkn≤m¥hpw kuctI{µkn≤m¥hpw. {InkvXphn\v \mep \q‰m≠pIƒ°v apºv Pohn®ncp∂ Acnkvt‰m´n¬ apX¬ ]e ]pcmX\ Nn¥I∑mcpw `uatI{µkn≤m¥Øn¬ hnizkn®ncp∂hcmbncp∂p. {]]©Øns≥d tI{µw `qanbmsW∂pw \nivNeambn \n¬°p∂ `qan°v Np‰pw kqcy\pw a‰p {Klßfpw Idßns°m≠ncn°pIbmsW∂pamWv Cu kn≤m¥w ]dbp∂Xv . {InkvXm_vZw c≠mw \q‰m≠n¬ Pohn® tSmfan Cu kn≤m¥Øn\v 112

113

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

imkv { Xobamb ASnØd \¬Im≥ {ian®p. \q‰m≠pItfmfw ss{IkvXhk`bpsS HutZymKnI amXrIbmbn hyhlcn®p h∂Xv tSmfanbpsS {]]©amXrIbmbncp∂p. {InkvXphn\v aq∂v \q‰m≠pIƒ°p apºv Pohn® kmtamknse Acnkv‰m¿°kv `qanb√, kqcy\mWv {]]©Øns≥d tI{µsa∂v hmZn®ncp∂p. Adnhns≥d temIØv th≠{X AwKoImcw e`n°mXncp∂ kuctI{µkn≤m¥Øn\v KWnX imkv{X sXfnhpIƒ \¬InbXv {InkvXm_vZw ]Xn\mdmw \q‰m≠n¬ Pohn® tIm∏¿\n°kv Bbncp∂p. tIm∏¿\n°kns≥d kaImenI \mbncp∂ {_qtWmsb kuctI{µ kn≤m¥w kzoIcn®p sh∂Xns≥d t]cn¬ C≥Iznkj≥ tImSXn hnNmcW sNbv X v Poht\msS IØn®pIf™p. CØcsamcp A¥co£ØnemWv {InkvXpaX hnizmknbmbncp∂ Keoentbm ZqcZ¿in\n I≠p]nSn®psIm≠v tPymXnimkv { XcwKØv ]co£WmXv a I k{ºZmbØn\v XpS°an´Xv. Xs≥d ZqcZ¿in\nbneqsS D]cntemItØ°v t\m°nb Keoentbm°v tIm∏¿- \ n°kns≥d XXzßsf AwKoIcn°mXncn°m≥ Ign™n√. kuctI{µ kn≤m¥Øn\v Dt]m¬_eIambn Keoentbm I≠ aq∂v hkvXpXIƒ ChbmWv. 1. hymgØns≥d D]{Klßƒ 2. ip{Is≥d hr≤n-£bßƒ

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

1. {KŸw \ntcm[n®p. 2. ]mjfiXbn¬(herecy) hosW∂v _eambn kwibn°p ∂Xmbn Ip‰s∏SpØn. 3. kuctI{µkn≤m¥w sX‰msW∂pw `qtI{µ kn≤m¥w icnbmsW∂pw ap´pIpØn ss__nfn¬ sXm´v ]ckyambn G‰p]dbn∏n®p. 4. XShnenSm≥ I¬]\ \¬In. 5. {]mbivNnØw hn[n®p. Cu in£Iƒ G‰p hmßnb A]am\`mchpw hm¿[Iyhpw Keoetbmsb A\v [ \m°n. F∂n´pw k` At±lsØ shdpsX hn´n√. acWw hsc ho´pXS¶en¬ Igntb≠nh∂p At±lØn\v.

in£n°s∏´Xn\v ImcWw F¥n\mWv Keoentbm in£n°s∏´Xv ? At±lw tSmfans° Xncmb I≠p]nSpØßƒ \SØnsb∂Xp sIm≠√; {]XypX, At±lØns≥d KthjW^eßƒ ss__nfns∂XncmWv F∂XpsIm≠mbncp∂p. `qan HcnSØv Dd∏n®p kvYm]n°s∏´ncn°p IbmsW∂pw kqcy≥ Nen®psIm≠ncn°pIbmsW∂Xn\pw Dt]m¬_eIambn C≥Iznknj≥ tISXn D≤cn®Xv 104˛mw k¶o¿Ø\hpw tbmiphbpsS ]Ømw A[ymbhpambncp∂p.

3. `qan {]Xn-^en∏n°p∂ {]Imiw N{µ\n¬ ]Xn°p∂psh∂ hkvXpX

"AhnSp∂v `qansb AXns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn≥-taepd∏n®p. AXv Hcn°epw CfIpIbn√' (k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ 104:5)

ChbpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ kuctI{µ kn≤m¥w icnbmsW∂v hmZn®tXmsS Keoentbm k`bpsS iIvXamb FXn¿∏n\v ]m{Xambn. 1632¬ KeoentbmbpsS "c≠p {][m\ temI hyhkvYIsf°pdn® kwhmZw' (Dailogue concerning the two chief world systems) F∂ ]pkvXIw ]pdØph∂tXmsS {]iv\w cq£ambn. AtXmSp IqSn ItØmen°m k` Keoenbtbms°Xncmb \S]SnIƒ Bcw`n®p. A©pXcw in£IfmWv Keoentbms°Xncmbn C≥Iznknj≥ tImSXn \S∏m°nbXv.

kqcy\p Np‰pw Idßns°m≠ncn°pIbmWv `qansb∂ KeoentbmbpsS I≠p]nSpØw icnbs√∂v kv Y m]n°p∂Xn\v D]tbmKn°s∏´ kqIvXambncp∂p CXv. `qan Hcn°epw CfIpI bns√∂v ssZhmfl{]tNmZnX\mb ZmhoZv FgpXnbXv sX‰mIphm≥ bmsXmcp km[yXbpans√∂mbncp∂p k`bpsS \ne]mSv.

114

"tbmiph AhnSptØmSv {]m¿∞n®p. A\¥cw Ah¿ tIƒs° ]d™p: kqcym \o Kn_tbm\n¬ \nivNeambn \n¬°pI. N{µm, 115

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

\o Aøtem¨ Xmgv h cbnepw \n¬°pI. Ah¿ i{Xp°tfmSp {]XnImcw sNøp∂Xphsc kqcy≥ \niv N eambn \n∂p; N{µ≥ A\ßnbXpan√.bmjmdns≥d ]pkvXIØn¬ CXp tcJs∏SpØn bn´p≠t√m. Aßs\ BImias[y Hcp Znhkw apgph≥ kqcy≥ AkXvan°msX \n∂p' (tbmiph 10:12,13) {]]©Øn\v \Sphn¬ \n¬°p∂ kqcy≥ \niv N e\msW∂ Keoentbmhns≥d hmZsØ FXn¿°p∂Xn\v D]tbmKn°s∏´ ss__nƒ hmIyamWnXv. Nen°mØ kqcys\ ]ns∂ßs\bmWv tbmiph \niv N eam°pIsb∂mWv tNmZn°s∏´Xv . At∏mƒ H∂pIn¬ kqcy≥ Nen°p∂psh∂ tbmiphbnse ]cma¿iw sX‰mhWw. As√¶n¬ kqcy≥ \niv N eamWv F∂ Keoentbm hns≥d \nKa\w sX‰mhWw. ]cnip≤mfl{]tNmZnXcmb hnip≤ {KŸImc∑mcm¬ hncNnXamb thZ]pkv X IØnse Hcp hN\w sX‰pIsb∂Xv k`°v Nn¥n°phm≥ t]mepw IgnbmØXmbncp∂p. AXpsIm≠mWv thZ]pkv X IØnse ]cma¿iw sX‰msW∂ cq]Ønep≈ KthjWw \SØnb Keoentbmhns\ in£n°phm≥ k` [rjvSambXv. kuctI{µ kn≤m¥sØ hna¿in®Xv ItØmen° k` am{Xambncp∂n√. eqY¿, saemßvS¨ XpSßnb s{]m´kv‰≥dv t\Xm °fpw Cu kn≤m¥sØ hna¿in®hcn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂p.

ssZh\nthi\w {]Xn°q´n¬ kXyØn¬, Keoenb≥ {]iv\w ssIImcyw sNbvX tImSXntbm, PUvPnamtcm H∂pa√ ChnsS {]Xn°q´n¬ \n¬°p∂Xv. "Keoenb≥ {]iv \ w ssIImcyw sNbv X thZimkv { X]Wv U nX∑m¿°v sX‰p ]‰nsb∂Xv hmkvXhamWv; F¥psIm≠v sX‰p]‰n F∂p hniZoIcn°msa¶nepw B sX‰ns\ Hcn°epw \oXnIcn°m≥ ]‰pIbn√'sb∂p ]d™v {]iv \ Øns≥d ImXen¬ \n∂v {i≤ Xncn®phnSpIbmWv "\yq ImØenIv F≥sskt¢m]oUnb' 1 sNøp∂Xv. ss__nƒ ]cnip≤mfl{]tNmZnXcmb hnip≤ {KŸImc∑mcm¬ cNn°s∏´hbmsW∂ hnizmkamWv ChnsS 1. hmeyw 6, t]Pv 254 -^mZ¿ t]mƒ atdm°n D≤cn®Xv: aXhpw imkv{Xhpw ] pdw 135

116

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

bYm¿∞Øn¬ {]Xn°q´n¬ \n¬°p∂Xv . H∂pIn¬ ss__nƒ ssZh\nthinXamsW∂ hmZw Dt]£n°Ww; AXs√¶n¬ ]pXnb I≠p]nSpØßsf \ntj[n°Ww. Cu hnjak\v [ nbn¬ \n∂v c£s∏Sp∂Xn\p th≠nbmWv ssZhnthi\sØ°pdn® ]pXnb Nne \n¿hN\ßƒ apt∂m´v sh°p∂Xn\v {InkvXpaX]ptcmlnX∑m¿ \n¿_\v[nXcmbncn°p∂Xv. "thZ{K\vYw ssZh\nthinXamWv. CXns≥d A¿∞w ss__nfneqsS AhXcn∏n°p∂ c£mIcktµiw ssZhnIhpw A\yq\hpamWv F∂mWv . AXpsIm≠v ss__nfnse Hmtcm {]kv X mh\bpw hmIym¿∞Øn¬ ssZh\nthinXambn a\ nem °Wsa∂n√'2 B[p\nIimkv{X \nco£Wßfpambn sshcp[yw ]pe¿Øp∂ Ipsd ]cma¿ißƒ ss__nfn¬ Ds≠∂ hkv X pX Xpd∂p kΩXn°p∂ ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ ssZh\nthi\sa∂ BibsØ ]p\¿\n¿hNn°phm≥ ]mSps]Sp∂Xmbn ImWmw. tUm.tPmk^v tIm´bv°¬ Xs≥d "]©{KŸØn\v Hcp hymJym\w' F∂ {KŸØn¬ FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: "ss__nƒ aX{KŸamWv; AXns≥d e£yw XnI®pw aX]chpas{X. kmlnXytam, imkv{Xtam, Ncn{Xtam hniIe\w sNøp∂Xn\v k¿hIemimeIfn¬ ]mT]pkvXIambn D]tbmKn°phm≥ FgpXs∏´X√ ss__nfnse bmsXmcp ]pkvXIhpw. C∏d™hsb√mw ss__nfn¬ kmµ¿`nI ambn {]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v . Ah km[mcW a\pjys≥d Adnhn\p tN¿∂ hn[amWv ssIImcyw sNbvXn´p≈Xv. B[p\nI imkv{Xw Ahbn¬ sX‰p Is≠∂p hcmw. Ahbpƒs°m≈p∂ ]mh\amb ktµihpw AhbpsS aX]camb e£yhpw ]cnKWn °ptºmƒ Cu sX‰pIsf√mw ASnkvYm\clnXßfmbn `hn°pw. DZmlcWØn\v G‰hpa[nIw hnhmZhnjbamb Hcp ]cma¿isaSp°mw. tPmjzmbpsS ]pkv X IØn¬ "C{kmboey¿ i{Xp°tfmSp {]XnImcw sNøp∂Xp hsc kqcyN{µ∑m¿ \niv N ecmbn \nesIm≠p' (tPmjzm 10:13) F∂p {]kv X mhn 2. tUm.sI.eq°v: aXhpw imkv{Xhpw ]pdw 3,4 117

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

®n´p≠v.CXn¬ \n∂v kqcy≥ Nen®psIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcp {KlamsW ∂v s__nƒ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xmbn Bsc¶nepw A\pam\n°p∂Xv AhnthIambncn°pw. kqcys\tbm N{µs\tbm kw_\v [ n® bmsXmcp imkv{Xob hn⁄m\hpw {]Zm\w sNøphm≥ {KŸImc≥ Dt±in°p∂n√. C{kmboey¿°v AhcpsS i{Xp°sf \njv{]bmkw tXm¬]n°phm\pXIp∂ F√m kmlNcyßfpw AXv`pXIcambn ssZhw k÷oIcn®psh∂p am{Xta CXv A¿∞am°p∂p≈p......

sa∂ ]pXnsbmcp ss__nƒ hymJym\ coXnbp≠mbXv. tPymXn imkv{XØns≥dbpw ]cnWmhhmZØns‚-bpsa-√m-w ASnkvYm\Øn ¬ tIm¨tIm¿Unkv‰pIƒ ss__nƒ hymJym\n°phm\mcw`n®p. CXv H´\h[n hnizmk{]iv \ ßƒ krjv S n®p. C∂v ss__nƒ hymJymXm°fn¬ {]K¬`cmbhsc√mw "tIm¨tIm¿Unk'sØ XnckvIcn®ncn°p∂p. A\pNnXhpw AbYm¿∞hpamb hymJym\ coXnbmbn´mWv Ah¿ CXns\ ImWp∂Xv.

CXpt]mseØs∂ tehy11:6 (Bh: 14:7) ¬ apbens\ Abhnd°p∂ arKambn´v Nn{XoIcn®ncn°p∂Xpw imkv{Xoba√. P¥pimkv { Xkw_\v [ amb hnPv R m\w {]Zm\w sNøpIb√ {KŸImcs≥d Dt±iyw. ]et∏mgpw aq°v Nen∏n®psIm≠ncn°p∂ apbens≥d kz`mhØn¬ \n∂v Aßs\ tXm∂nbXmhmw''1

hnizmkhpw imkv{Xhpw XΩnep≈ kwL´\Øn¬ Ahkm\ ambn C∂v k` FØnt®¿∂n´p≈ Xocpam\w CXmWv: "B[p\nI imkv{XØns≥dbpw Ncn{X]T\ßfpsSbpw a‰pw ImgvN∏m´n¬ \n∂p t\m°ptºmƒ ss__nfnse Nne {]kvXmh\Iƒ sX‰mbn tXm∂ntb°mw. imkv { Xtam temINcn{Xtam ]Tn∏n°p∂ Hcp {KŸa√, c£mIc Ncn{XamWv ss__nƒ F∂ t_m[ytØmsS thWw ss__nfnse ]T\ßsf kao]n°phm≥. Hmtcm ]pkvXIhpw FgpXs∏´ ImeØv \nehnencp∂ {]]© ho£Whpw kmlnXy ssienIfpw am\pjnI {KŸImc∑msc kzm[o\n®n´p≠v F∂ Imcyw ad°mhX√. {KŸImc≥ ]Tn∏n°m≥ Dt±in°p∂ c£mIckXyw F¥v F∂p a\ nem°m\mWv {iant°≠Xv. At∏mƒ {]Xy£ Øn¬ sXs‰∂p tXm∂ntb°mhp∂ ]e {]kvXmh\Ifpw sX‰√ F∂p sXfnbpw'1

"H∂mw Znhkw {]Imihpw \memw Znhkw kqcyN{µ\£{XmZn tKmfßfpw krjv S n®psh∂v ss__nfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂Xv bpIv X nlo\ambn ]e¿°pw tXm∂ntb°mw. imkv { Xobamb Nn¥mKXn hiam°nbn´p≈ C∂sØ a\pjy\v ap∆mbnctam \membnctam h¿jßƒ°∏pdw Pohn®ncp∂ a\pjys≥d Nn¥mKXnbpw ssienIfpw {Kln°phm≥ _p≤nap´p≠mhpI kzm`mhnIamWt√m. {KŸImcs≥d a\:kvYnXnbpw kmlNcymZn Ifpw IW°nseSp°p∂ ]£w \ΩptSXmb {]iv\ßƒ ]cnlcn °s∏Spw'2 ss__nƒ ssZh\nthinXamsW∂ ]cºcmKX hnizmkØn¬ ISn®pXqßn imkv { X⁄∑m¿s°Xnsc iIv X amb \S]SnIsfSp °pIbmWv a[yImeL´Ønse k` sNbv X Xv . ]n∂oSv k`°v a\ nembn, kXyw ss__nfns≥d `mKØ√, {]XypX imkv{X⁄ ∑mcpsS `mKØmsW∂ bmYm¿∞yw. ss__nƒ sX‰p]‰mØ Znhy{KŸamsW∂ hnizmkØn\v AtXmSp IqSn De®n¬ X´n. At∏mƒ ss__nfns\ imkv{Xhpambn s]mcpØs∏SpØp∂Xn\v th≠nbp≈ {iaßfp≠mbn. CXns≥d - ^ eambn´mWv Ign™ \q‰m≠ns≥d Ahkm\Øn¬ "tIm¨tIm¿Unk' (concordism) 1.tUm.tPmk^v, tIm´bv°¬ ]©{KŸØn\v Hcp hymJym\w, ]pdw 12,13. 2. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 41. 118

CXn¬\n∂v hyXykvXambn ss__nƒ ]q¿Wambpw imkv { Xhpambn tbmPn°p∂psh∂pw AXn¬ bmsXmcp hn[ sshcp[yßfpans√∂pw hmZn°p∂ ]Wv U nX∑m¿ Ct∏mgpap≠v . {]K¬` kphntijI\mb Fw.hn.tXmakv FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: ""imkv{Xob hnebncpØen¬ ss__nƒ \nkvXpeamWv. ss__nƒ A{]amZnXz{KŸamsW∂v imkv{Xob I≠p]nSnØßƒ sXfnbn ®ncn°p∂p. imkv{Xw kXyambn ]cnWan°ptºmƒ AXv ss__nfpambn tbmPn°p∂p. kXyØn¬ \n∂v AI∂p t]mIptºmƒ ss__nfpambn hnLSn°p∂p. ss__nƒ t]mse imkv{Xob kXyßfpambn s]mcpØap≈ as‰mcp aX{KŸhpan√''2. 1. ssa°nƒ Imcnaddw: hnizmkØns≥d thcpIƒ, ]pdw 30 2.-- Fw.-hn.- tXm-a-kv- :- Xn-cp-h-N-\-kw-{K-lw- ]p-dw- 23 119

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

""k-b≥-kn-s‚-bpw- U-m¿-hn-s‚- ]-cn-Wm-a-kn-≤m-¥-Øn-s‚-bpw- {]Nm-c-W-Øn-s‚- ^-e-am-bn G-‰-hpw- A-[n-Iw- hn-a¿-in-°-s∏-´- H-cp- ]-pkv-X-I-am-Wp- ss_-_nƒ.- A-tX- im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- I-≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ßƒss_-_nƒ- {]-am-Z-c-ln-X-am-b- H-cp- {K-Ÿam-sW-∂v- sX-fn-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p.- ss_-_n-fn-s‚- ssZ-h- \-n-izm-ko-b-X-tb-bpw- k-Xy-k-‘-X-tb-bpwtN-Zyw- sN-bv-X-h¿-°v- e-`n-®- I-\-Ø- B-Lm-X-am-bn-cp-∂p A-Xv.-1-

ss__nfnse Nne imkv{Xm_≤ßƒ ss__nfn¬ Hscm‰ A_≤w t]mepans√∂v hmZn°p∂hcpw hniZoIcWßfn¬ kv J enXßfps≠∂v kΩXn°p∂hcpamb hyXykvX ]WvUnX∑mcpsS hmZ{]Xn]mZßƒ \S°ptºmƒ Xs∂ km[mcW°mcpsS {i≤ ]Xnbp∂ Hcp bmYm¿∞yap≠v. GsXmcp km[mcW°mc\pw a\ nemIp∂ H´\h[n A_≤ßƒ ss__nfneps≠∂ hkvXpXbmWXv. hm°pIƒ sIm≠v Fs¥¥p kma¿∞yßƒ ImWn®mepw ad®psh°m\mhmØ A_≤ßfmWh. GXm\pw A_≤ßƒ ImWpI: 1. kqcy\p≠mIp∂Xn\p apºv `qanbp≠mbn: D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw XpSßp∂Xp Xs∂ "BZnbn¬ ssZhw BImihpw `qanbpw krjvSn®p' (D¬]Øn 1:1)sh∂v ]d™psIm≠mWv. \£{Xßf-pw kqcy\psa√mw krjvSn°s∏´Xv \memw ZnhkamsW∂pw D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw (1:14˛19) D¬tLmjn °p∂p. \£{Xßfpw kqcy\psa√mw cq]s∏´Xn\v tijamWv `qanbpsS D¬]Ønsb∂mWv B[p\nI imkv { XØns≥d hnebncpØ¬. CXp{]Imcw D¬]Ønbnse krjvSn{Iaw imkv{Xhncp≤amWv. 2. {]Imi t{kmX pIƒ D≠mIp∂Xn\p apºv {]Imiw: {]Imi t{kmX pIfmb kqcy\pw \£{Xßfpsa√mw krjvSn°s∏´Xv \memw ZnhkamsW∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw (1:14˛19) ]dbp∂Xv. F∂m¬ {]ImiamIs´ H∂mw Znhkw Xs∂ 1.- -B¿.- Ir-jv-W≥-Ip-´n- Xn-cph-´m¿-:-ss{I-kv-X-h-˛C-kv-emw- kw-hm-Zw,- t]-Pv-:- 52120

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

krjvSn°s∏´n´ps≠∂pw (D¬ 1:3˛5) ]dbp∂p. {]Imit{kmX n √msX Fßs\bmWv {]Imiap≠mbXv F∂ {]iv\w ss__nƒ hymJymXm°ƒ°v XethZ\bp≠m°ns°m≠v C∂pw \ne \n¬°p∂p. 3. kqcy\n√mØ cm∏IepIƒ: H∂mw Znhkw Xs∂ cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw k\v[ybpw Djkpsa√mw D≠mbnsb∂v D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw (1:5) Hcp hiØv ]dbp∂p. kqcy\p≠mbXmIs´ \mew ZnhkamWv Xm\pw (1:16). kqcy\n√msX Fßs\bmWv cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw k‘ybpw Djkpsa√mw D≠mbXv F∂ tNmZyØn\v kphntij I∑mcpsS Iøn¬ DØcan√. 4. kqcy\n√msX lcnX kkyßƒ: D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØnse krjvSnhnhcW{]Imcw lcnXkkyßƒ krjvSn°s∏´Xv aq∂mw ZnhkamWv (1:11˛14). kqcy\mIs´ \memw Znhkhpw. lcnX kkyßƒ°v \ne\n¬°phm≥ kqcy≥ A\nhmcyamsW∂ hkvXpXbpambn CXv sshcp[yw ]pe¿Øp∂p. 5. {]]©w BdpZnhkw sIm≠v : Cu {]]©w apgph≥ krjv S n°s∏´Xv Bdp Znhkßƒ sIm≠msW∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw ]dbp∂Xv. Bdp Znhkßƒ sIm≠v {]]© krjvSn \SØn Ggmw Znhkw ssZhw hn{ian®psh∂pw ]dbp∂p≠v (D¬]Øn 2:1˛3). Ccp]Øn\mep aWn°qdpIfp≈ BdpZnhkw sIm≠mWv ssZhw {]]©krjv S n \SØnbsX∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw ]dbp∂sX∂v AXnse hnhcWßƒ hmbn®m¬ t_m[yamIpw. tImSn°W°n\v h¿jßfneqsSbp≈ ]cnWmaßƒ \S∂mWv JtKmf hkv X p°fpw `qanbpsa√mw C∂p≈ kv Y nXn bnseØnt®¿∂sX∂ B[p\nI imkv { X \nKa\hpambn CXv sshcp[yw ]pe¿Øp∂p. 6. P¥p°sf√mw kky`p°pIƒ: ""`qanbnse F√m arKßƒ°pw BImiØnse F√m ]£nIƒ°pw \neØv Cgbp∂ F√m P¥p°ƒ°pw Pohizmkap≈ kIeXn\pw Blmcambn ]® kkyßsfms°bpw Rm≥ sImSpØncn°p∂p''sh∂v ssZhw ]d™Xmbn D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw (1:30) D≤cn°p∂p. F√m arKßƒ °pap≈ BlmcamWv ]® kkyßsf∂v ]dbptºmƒ amwk 121

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

`p°pIƒ ]cnKWn°s∏ńńs√∂v hyIvXamWv. CXv hymJym\n®v H∏n°Wsa¶n¬ H∂pIn¬ A∂v amwk`p°pƒ krjv S n°s∏ń ńs√∂v ]dtb≠nhcpw. AXv ss__nfn\pw imkv { Xhkv X pX Iƒ°pw FXncmWv . Bdmw Znhkw ssZhw ]dbp∂ ImcyamWv apIfn¬ D≤cn®Xv . Cu kwkmcØn\v tijw ]ns∂ krjv S n \S∂nńs√∂¿∞w. a\pjy≥ `qanbn¬ {]Xy£o`hn°p∂Xn\v kl{km_vZßƒ°p apºp Xs∂ ChnsS amwk`p°pIƒ Pohn®n cp∂psh∂ hkvXpX D¬J\\ KthjWßfpw hyIvXam°p∂p≠v. BZnbn¬ F√m PohnIfpw kky`p°pIfmbncp∂psh∂pw ]n∂oSv amwk`p°pIfmbnØocpIbmWp≠mbsX∂pw hmZn°pIbmWv Cu hN\w hymJym\n°m\p≈ as‰mcp am¿Kw. CXpw imkv{Xobambpw ss__nfns≥d ASnkv Y m\Ønepw icnb√. a\pjy≥ {]Xy£ s∏´Xn\p apºpXs∂ ChnsS amwk`p°pIfp≠mbncp∂psh∂Xn \m¬ Xs∂ CØcsamcp hymJym\hpw imkv{Xobambn Akw_\v[ ambn `hn°pw. 7. hnjkkyßfpw Blmcw: "ssZhw Acpƒ sNbvXp: t\m°q, hnØp≈ F√m C\w sNSnIfpw hnØp≈ êw Imbv°p∂ F√m C\w hr£ß-fpw `qapJØv \nßƒ°v Rm≥ X∂ncn°p∂p. Ah \nßƒ°p `£Wambncn°pw''. (D¬]Øn 1:29). CXv ssZhw a\pjy cpsS BZn]nXmhnt\mSpw amXmhnt\mSpw ]d™XmbmWv ss__nƒ D≤cn°p∂Xv. Cu hN\{]Imcw F√m sNSnIfpw a\pjy¿°p≈ `£WamWv. F∂m¬ D{Khnjap≈ sNSnIƒ Cu `qapJØps≠∂ hkvXpX \ap°dnbmw. AhbpsS CeItfm ^ -- etam hntØm Xn∂m¬ a\pjy≥ acn®pt]mIpw. Ah a\pjy¿°v Hcp ImcWhimepw `£WamIm≥ ]‰pIbns√∂v kmcw. "F√m sNSnIfpw a\pjy¿°p≈ `£WamWv v ' F∂ {]kv X mh\ imkv { Xobambn sX‰msW∂¿∞w. 8. k¿∏w s]mSn Xn∂ptam?: a\pjysc hgnsX‰n® k¿∏sØ ssZhw i]n°p∂Xmbn D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw ]dbp∂nSØv ""PohnXImew apgph≥ \o s]mSn Xn∂pw'' (3:14) F∂ ]cma¿iw ImWmw. CXp{]Imcw k¿∏ßƒ A∂papX¬ C∂phsc s]mSn Xn∂mWv Pohnt°≠Xv. F∂m¬ hkvXpX Aßs\b√t√m. 122

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

9. aghn√v t\mln\v tijtam?: Pe{]fbw ian® tijw t\mlv s]´IØn¬ \n∂v CdßpIbpw ssZhw At±lhpw ]p{X∑mcpambn Hcp DSºSnbp≠m°pIbpw sNbvXXmbn ss__nƒ hnhcn°p∂p≠v. DSºSn°p tijw ssZhw ]dbp∂Xmbn D¬]Øn ]pkv X Iw D≤cn°p∂p: ""\nßfpambpw \nßtfmsSm∂n®p≈ k¿∆ Poh Pmeßfpambpw `mhn Xeapd°v th≠n Fs∂t∂bv°pambn Rm≥ sNøp∂ Cu DSºSnbpsS ASbmfw CXmWv: Rm≥ Fs≥d hn√v taLØn¬ hbv°p∂p. CXv Rm\pw `qanbpw XΩn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ DSºSnbpsS ASbmfw Bbncn°pw. Rm≥ `qan°p apIfn¬ taLßsf hcpØpIbpw taLßfn¬ hn√v {]Xy£s∏SpIbpw sNøptºmƒ, Fs≥d DSºSn, F\n°v \nt∂mSpw F√m PohnItfmSp ap≈ DSºSn, Rm≥ Hm¿an°pw. C\nta¬ Hcn°epw sh≈w F√m PohPmeßsfbpw \in∏n°p∂ {]fbambnØocpIbn√. hn√v taLßfn¬ ZriyamIptºmƒ Rm≥ AXns\ t\m°pw; ssZhhpw `qapJØp≈ F√m PohPmeßfpw XΩn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ imizXamb DSºSn Hm¿an°pIbpw sNøpw.`qapJØv F√m PohPmeßfpambn Rm≥ D≠m°nbn´p≈ DSºSn°v CXv ASbmfambncn°pw. (D¬]Øn 9:12˛17) t\mln\v tijamWv aghn√v D≠mbXv F∂mWt√m CXn∂¿∞w. A¥co£Ønep≈ PeIWßfn¬ kqcy{]ImiØn\v {]Io¿W\w (dispersion) kw`hn°p∂Xp aqeamWv aghn√p≠mIp∂Xv. PeIWnIbnte°v {]ImiIncWßƒ IS°ptºmƒ {]Io¿W\w kw`hn°psa∂Xv Hcp {]IrXn\nbaamWv. agbpw kqcy\pap≠mb Imew apX¬ Xs∂ aghn√v D≠mbncn°Ww. t\mln\v tijamWv aghn√p≠mbsX∂ ss__nƒ ]cma¿iw AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ imkv { X hncp≤amWv . t\mln\v apºpw˛ a\pjy≥ `qanbn¬ {]Xy£s∏Sp∂Xn\p apºp Xs∂ ChnsS agbpw kqcy\pap≠m bncp∂p; AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ aghn√pap≠mbncp∂p. 10. apb¬ Abhnd°p∂ Pohn: apbepw Ipgnapbepw Ab hnd°p∂ PohnIfmsW∂mWv ss__nƒ ]dbp∂Xv. (tehy 11:6 Bh 14:7) CXv icnbs√∂v P¥pimkv{XØns≥d _me]mTsa¶nepw]Tn®n´p≈h¿°v Adnbmhp∂XmWv. Ct∏mgp≈ 123

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

apbepw Ipgnap- b epa√ ChnsS Dt±in°s∏´ncn°p∂sX∂pw ChtbmSp kmayap≈Xpw tamibsS ImeØv D≠mbncp∂Xpw ]n∂oSv hwi\miw kw`hn®pt]mbXpamb Hcp PohnbmWv Cu hN\ßfn¬ "apb¬' F∂p ]cn`mjs∏SpØnbncnbncn°p∂sX∂pw Nne¿ hmZn°mdp≠v. A∂p Pohn®ncp∂ Abhnd°p∂ apbens≥d t^mknepIƒ CubnsS I≠p]nSn®n´ps≠∂phsc ]dbmdp≠v , Ah¿. F∂m¬ ss__nƒ hmbn°pIbpw C{kmboeycpsS Ncn{Xw ]Tn°pIbpw sNbv X hscm∂pw Xs∂ Cu hmZßsf apJhne s°Sp°bns√∂v Xo¿®bmWv. G‰hpw ]pXnb Cw•ojv ss__nƒ ]Xn∏pIfn¬ t]mepw hare F∂pw convey F∂pamWv aqe]ZsØ ]cn`mjs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. Cu hN\ßfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ kl{km_vZßtfmfambn apbens\bpw Ipgnapbens\bpw \njn≤ambn IcpXnt∏mcp∂hcmWv blqZ∑m¿. at‰tXm arKsØ °pdn®mbncp∂p Cu ]cma¿isa¶n¬ Ah¿ apbens\ \njn≤ambn a\ nem°pIbn√mbncp∂psh∂v hyIv X amWv . Npcp°Øn¬, Bh¿Ø\ ]pkv X Ihpw tehym ]pkv X Ihpw FgpXnb hyIv X n apb¬ Abhnd°p∂psh∂v a\ nem°nb Bfmbncp∂p. tUm.tPmk^v tIm´°¬ ]d™Xp t]mse ]et∏mgpw aq°v Nen∏n°p∂ apbens≥d kz`mhØn¬ \n∂v {KŸImc\v AXv Abhnd°p∂XmsW∂v tXm∂nbXmImw. GXmbncp∂mepw Cu hN\ßƒ hyIvXamb imkv{XhkvXpXIƒ°v hncp≤amWv. 11.h∆m¬ Hcp ]£n!: h∆mens\ ss__nƒ Dƒs∏Sp Ønbncn°p∂Xv ]£nIfpsS KWØnemWv . (tehy 11:13˛19). IgpIs\bpw sIm°nt\bpw Im´ptImgntbbpw t]msebp≈ Hcp ]£nbmWv h∆mse∂mWv tehy ]pkvXIØnep≈Xv. ]£nIfn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw hyXykv X amb kz`mhkhntijXIfp≈ Hcp kkv X \nbmWv h∆m¬ F∂ P¥pimkv { Xw A¬]sa¶nepw ]Tn®n´p≈h¿s°√mw Adnbmhp∂XmWv. ]£nIfpsS KWØn¬ Hcp A¿∞Ønepw Dƒs∏SpØm≥ ]‰mØ PohnbmWXv. 12. cm∏IepIƒ krjv S n°p∂Xv kqcyN{µ∑mcpsS Ne\w: kqcy N{µ∑mcpsS Ne\amWv cmhpw ]Iepw krjvSn°p∂sX∂mWv ss__nƒ hmbn®m¬ a\ nemhpI. tbmiphbpsS ImeØv \S∂ 124

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

bp≤Øn¬ FXncmfnIsf tXm¬]n°p∂Xphsc kqcyt\mSv Kn_tbm\nepw N{µt\mSv Aøtem≥ Xmgv h cbnepw \n¬°m¬ ]dbpIbpw Aßs\ Ah AkvXan°msX \nivNeambn \n¬°pIbpw At±lw bp≤Øn¬ Pbn°pIbpw sNbv X IY tbmiphbpsS (tbmip 10:12˛15) ]pkvXIØnep≠v. ]I¬ amdn cm{Xn hcmXncn°m≥ kqcys≥d Ne\w \n∂psh∂mWv tbmiphbpsS ]pkv X Iw ]dbp∂Xv . cm∏IepIƒ krjv S n°p∂Xv `qanbpsS {`aWamsW∂ hkvXpXbpsS shfn®Øn¬ t\m°nbm¬ tbmiphbpsS ]pkv X IØnse Cu ]cma¿ißƒ Aimkv { Xob amsW∂v ImWmw. 12.`qan°v XqWpIƒ!: `qan XqWpIfn¬ taemWv kv Y m]n° s∏´ncn°p∂sX∂ C{kmboeycpsS A_≤ k¶¬]Øns≥d kzm[o\w ss__nfn¬ DS\ofw ImWmw. GXm\pw ss__nƒ hmIyßƒ t\m°pI. "`qanbpsS XqWpIƒ I¿Ømhnt≥dXs{X; Ahbn¬ Ah≥ temIsØ Dd∏n®ncn°p∂p' (1imap 2:8) "Ah¿ `qansb AXns≥d kv Y m\Øp \n∂v Cf°n am‰p∂p. AXns≥d XqWpIƒ InSnew sIm≈p∂p.' (Ctøm_v 9:6) "`qanbpsS Agn™pt]mImØ AkvYnhmcßtf, I¿Ømhns≥d hmZw tIƒ°q'. (aoJm 6:2) `qan°v XqWpIfps≠∂ ss__nƒ {]kvXmh\Iƒ A_≤ß fmsW∂v B¿°pw ]d™psImSpt°≠Xn√t√m! 13. `qan°v Ne\an√!: XqWpIfn¬ kv Y m]n°s∏´ `qan°v bmsXmcp hn[ Ne\ßfpans√∂mWv ss__nƒ ]dbp∂Xv. "`qtemIw kpkvYm]nXamWv; AXv CfIpIbn√' (1 Zn\hrØm¥w 16:30) "`qtemIw kpkvYm]nXamWv; AXv CfIpIbn√' (k¶o¿Ø\w 96:10) "`qan Hcn°epw CfInt∏mImØhÆw AXns≥d Akv X nhmc 125

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Øn¬ \o {]XnjvTn®p' (k¶o 104:5) `qanbpsS {àWhpw ]cn{IaWhpsam∂pw a\ nem°nbncp∂nń √mØ ImeØv cNn°s∏´ ]pkvXIßfn¬ CØcw {]kvXmh\Iƒ ImWpI kzm`mhnIamWv. F∂m¬ k¿∆⁄\mb ssZhØn¬ \n∂v CØcw A_≤ßfp≈ ]cma¿ißƒ hcnI km[ya√. 15. BImiØn\pw XqWpIƒ!: `qan°v am{Xa√, BImiØn\pw XqWpIfps≠∂mWv ss__nfnse Nne ]pkvXIßƒ ]dbp∂Xv. Ctøm_ns≥d ]pkvXIØnse ]cma¿iw t\m°pI "Ah≥ imkn°ptºmƒ BImiØns≥d XqWpIƒ hnd°p∂p' (Ctøm_v 26:11) `qan°v apIfn¬ XqWpIfn¬ ta¬ kvYm]n°s∏ńcn°pIbmWvv BImisa∂ hnizmkambncp∂p C{kmboey¿°p≠mbncp∂Xv . ss__nƒ apt∂m´psh°p∂ hnizmkhpw AXpXs∂! 16. kqcy≥ BImiØneqsS ]cyS\w \SØp∂p!: {]`mXw apX¬ {]tZmjw hsc kqcy≥ BImiØpIqSn ]cyS\w \SØp∂p sh∂mWv ss__nƒ ]dbp∂Xv. " kqcy≥, aWhd hn´p ]pdØp hcp∂ aWhmfs\t∏msebmWv, ]¥btamSphm≥ XpSßp∂ iIvX s\t∏mse AXv BÀmZn°p∂p. BImiØns≥d A‰Øv AXv DZn°p∂p; at‰ A‰tØmfamWv AXns≥d ]cyS\w; AXns≥d NqSn¬ \n∂v bmsXm∂pw ad°s∏Sp∂n√.' (k¶o19:5,6). BImiØns≥d Hc‰Øp\n∂pw at‰ A‰w hsc ]cyS\w \SØp∂ kqcys\°pdn® k¶¬]w B[p\nI imkv { XØns≥d F√m AfhptImepIƒ {]Imchpw ]cam_≤amsW∂v kvIqƒ IpńIƒ°pt]mepw Adnbmhp∂XmWv. 17. `qan°v \mep aqeIƒ: NXpcmIrXnbnep≈ Hcp hkvXphmWv `qansb∂mbncp∂p C{kmboeo hnizmksa∂mWv a\ nemIm≥ Ignbp∂Xv. `qanbpsS \mep aqeIsf°pdn® ]cma¿ißƒ ]gb\nba]pkv X Ißfn¬ ImWm\mIpw. (DZm: sbi 11:12). Cu hnizmkw Xs∂bmbncp∂p ]pXnb \nbaImeØpw \ne\n∂ncp∂Xv. tbml∂m\v D≠mbXmbn ]dbs∏Sp∂ shfn]mSn¬ C°mcyw kv ] jv S amWv . "CXn\v tijw `qanbpsS \mep aqebn¬, \mep amemJam¿ \n¬°p∂Xpw, Im‰p `qanbpsStbm ISens≥dtbm 126

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

hr£ßfpsStbm ta¬ hogmXncn°m≥ `qanbpsS \mepIm‰pItfbpw XS™psh°p∂Xpw Rm≥ I≠p' (shfn]mSv 7:1) 18. ]c∂ `qan: ss__nfnse IYIfpw ]cma¿ißfpsa√mw ]c∂ `qansbbmWv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv . `qanbpsS tKmfmIrXnsb°pdn® kqN\Isfm∂pw Xs∂ ss__nfnen√. ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßƒ cNn°s∏´ ImeØp≠mbncp∂ A_≤[mcWIfnsem∂mWv "]c∂ `qan'sb∂ k¶¬]w. Cu k¶¬]w Xs∂bmWv ]gb \nba Ønsebpw ]pXnb \nbaØnsebpsa√mw ]pkvXIßfn ep≈Xv. Nne DZmlcWßƒ ImWpI: a) Z m \ n t b e n s ≥ d c ≠ m w A [ y m b Ø n ¬ c m P m h v I ≠ kz]v\sØ°pdn® Hcp hnhcWap≠v. Hcp {]XnabpsS XI¿®bmWv kz]v\Ønse hnjbw. kz]v\sØ°pdn®v hnhcn°sh, Cßs\sbmcp ]cma¿iw ImWmw "{]Xna XI¿Ø I√v Hcp alm]¿∆Xambn `qan apgph≥ \nd™p.' (Zm\ntb¬ 2:35). Hcp ]¿∆Xw `qan apgph≥ \nd™p\n¬°Wsa¶n¬ `qan ]c∂Xmbncn °Wat√m. Cu ]pkv X IsagpXnb hyIv X n `qan ]c∂XmsW∂ k¶¬]apƒs°m≠psIm≠mWv CXv FgpXnbsX∂v hyIvXamWv. b) Zm\ntbens≥d \memw A[ymbØn¬ as‰mcp kz]v \ sØ °pdn® ]cma¿iap≠v. Hcp acamWv AXnse {][m\ {]Xn]mZyw. acsØ°pdn®v ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "`qan at[y hfsc Dbcap≈ Hcp acw Rm≥ I≠p. B acw hf¿∂p IcpØm¿÷n®p. Aw_cNpw_n bmb B acw `qanbpsSAXn¿ØnIƒ hsc Zriyambncp∂p.'' (Zm\ntb¬ 4:10˛11). `qanbpsS AXn¿ØnIƒ !! B AXn¿ØnIfn¬ \n∂p t]mepw ImWmhp∂ acw!!! CsX√mw Hcp ]c∂ `qanbn¬ am{Xta km[yamhpIbp≈qsh∂v ]dtb≠Xn√t√m. c) tbiphns\ ]nimNv {]tem`n∏n°p∂ cwKw aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw hnhcn°p∂p≠v. kmØm≥ At±ltØmSv ]e tNmZyßfpw tNmZn°pIbpw Ahs°√mw {]amWßfpsS shfn®Øn¬ At±lw adp]Sn ]dbpIbpw sNbv X Xmbn Cu kphntijßƒ hyIv X am°p∂p. ""XpS¿∂v ]nimNv tbiphns\ hfsc Db¿∂ Hcp aebpsS apIfnte°v Iq´ns°m≠pt]mbn, 127

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

temIØnse F√m cmPyßfpw AhbpsS {]Xm]hpw ImWn®p sImSpØp'' sh∂mWv aØmbn (4:8) ]dbp∂Xv. C°mcyw eqt°mkpw (4:5) D≤cn°p∂p≠v. Hcp ae°p apIfn¬ \n∂v temIw apgph≥ ImWWsa¶n¬ `qan ]c∂Xmbncn°Wat√m. ]pXnb\nba I¿Øm°fpw `qan ]c∂XmsW∂ hnizmkw sh®p ]pe¿Ønbncp∂ hcmbncp∂psh∂v kmcw. 19)ISpIpaWn G‰hpw sNdnb hntØm?: tbip{Inkv X p kz¿KcmPysØ ISpIpaWntbmSv D]an°p∂ cwKw kwlnX kphntijßsf√mw D≤cn°p∂p≠v: AhnsS tbip ]dbp∂Xmbn "hnØpIfn¬ G‰hpw sNdpXmWv ISpIpaWn''sb∂v aØmbnbpw (13:32) a¿t°mkpw (4:31) FSpØp ]dbp∂p. CXp icnbs√∂v C∂v \ap°v IrXyambn Adnbmhp∂XmWv. ISpIpaWntb°mƒ sNdnb \qdpIW°n\v hnØpIsf°pdn®v \mw a\ nem°ptºmƒ ss__nfnse Cu {]kv X mh\ Aimkv { XobamsW∂v \ap°v t_m[ys∏Sp∂p≠v. 20) hrØØns≥d Np‰fhnse A_≤w: tkmfa≥ cmPmhv \n¿Ωn® BebsØ°pdn®v hniZamb hnhcWw Zn\hrØm¥w c≠mw ]pkvXIw aq∂v, \mev A[ymbßfnepw cmPm°∑mcpsS H∂mw ]pkvXIØn¬ Ggmw A[ymbØnepap≠v. BebØn¬ hm¿Øp ≠m°nb hrØmIrXnbnep≈ ISens≥d ""ht°mSv h°v ]Øp apgw, Dbcw A©p apgw, Np‰fhv ap∏Xv apgw'' (2Zn\ 4:2 1cmPm 7:23) F∂mWv ]d™ncn°p∂Xv. CXv KWnXimkv{X]cambn sX‰mWvv. ]Øpapgw hymkap≈ hrØØn\v 31.42 apgw Np‰fhv ImWpw. Np‰fhv 30 apgw F∂v ss__nfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂Xv KWnXimkv { XØns≥d ho£WØn¬ A_≤amsW∂¿∞w. ss_-_n-fn-se- hy-‡-am-b- C-Ø-cw- A-im-kv-{Xo-b- ]-cm-a¿-i-ßƒ°pt\-sc- ]p-dw- Xn-cn-™v- \n¬-°p-I-bm-Wv kp-hn-ti-j-I-∑m¿- sN-øp-∂Xv.Cu- A-i-m-kv-{Xo-b-X-Iƒ-°v- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bm≥- an-\-s°-Sm-sX- hn-a¿-iI¿-°p -t\-sc- sh-√-hn-fn-Iƒ- D-∂-bn-®v- X-ß-tfm-sS-m-∏-ap-≈-h-sc- kwXr]v-Xcm-°m≥- {i-an-°p-I-bm-Wv A-h-cp-sS- X-{¥w-.- Xn-cp-sh-´m¿- Ir-jvW≥Ip-´n- F-gp-Xp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I.128

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

""ss_-_n-fn-s‚- ssZ-h- \n-i-zm-ko-b-X-sb-,- sXfn-bn-°p-∂- C-Ø-cwim-kv-{Xo-b-am-b- h-kv-Xp-X- h-f-sc-tb-sd- D-≠v.- 1935¬- Ata-cn-°-bnse- k-b≥-kp-_yq-tdm-bp-sS- sN-b¿-am-\mbn-cp-∂- tUm-:- lm-cn- dn-Ω¿,""R-ß-fp-sS- hn-izm-k-Øn-\p- B-[m-c-am-b- ss_-_nƒ- A-im-kv-{Xo-bwF-∂v- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂- B¿-°pw- B-bn-cw- tUm-f¿- C-\mw''- F-∂p- C-cp]-Øn-tb-gp-cm-P-y-ß-fn¬- {]-Jym-]-\w- \-S-Øn-.- ]-t£,- A-Xp- sX-fn-bn®p- hn-P-bn-bm-Ip-hm≥- B¿-°pw- I-gn-™-Xm-bn- A-dn-hn-√.-1

]cnip≤mflmhns≥d APvRX! ss__nfn¬ Btcm]n°s∏Sp∂ imkv{X kw_\v[amb kvJenXßƒ AXv FgpXs∏´ ImesØ Adnhns≥d ]cnanXnbn¬ \n∂v DSseSpØXmsW∂v ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ ]dbp∂sX∂ hkv X pX \mw a\ nem°n. ssZh\nthi\sa∂ Bibhpambn Xosc s]mcpØs∏SmØ Hcp ImcyamWnXv. k¿∆ImePvRm\nbmWv ssZhw. Ah\v `qXhpw h¿Øam\hpw `mhnbpw Htct]msebmWv. clkyhpw ]ckyhpw Ah\v kaamWv. Aßs\bp≈ ssZhamWv ss__nfns≥d FgpØpIm¿°v {]tNmZ\w \¬InbsX¶n¬ ]ns∂ Fßns\bmWv AXn¬ imkv { Xkw_\v [ amb kv J enXßƒ D≠mIp∂Xv? apb¬ Abhnd°p∂ Pohnbs√t∂m, kqcy≥ `qan°v Np‰pw Nen®√ cm∏IepIƒ D≠mIp∂sXt∂m {]]©Ønse {]ImiØns≥d t{kmX v \£{XßfmsWt∂m AdnbmØ BfpIfmbncn°mw ss__nfnse ]pkvXIßsfgpXnbXv. F∂m¬ Ah¿°v {]tNmZ\w \¬Insb∂p IcpXs∏Sp∂ ssZhØn\v C°mcyßsf√mw Adnbmhp∂XmWt√m. FgpØpIm¿ XßfpsS ap∂n¬ ImWp∂ kaqlØn\v th≠n FgpXnbXmbncn°mw. F∂m¬ Ahcn¬ \nthin®sX∂v hnNmcn°s∏Sp∂ ]cnip≤mflmhn\v ˛ At±lw ssZhw Xs∂bmsW∂mWv ss{IkvXh hnizmkw ˛ Cu {KŸßƒ ImemImeßfnep≈ hnizmknIfm¬ hmbn°s∏Spsa∂v Adnbmhp∂XmWt√m. ]ns∂ F¥n\mWv k¿∆Ime PvRm\nbmb ssZhw Cu A_≤ßƒ A\phZn®Xv ? ss__nƒ ssZh\nth inXamsW∂ hmZØns≥d kXyXbmWv ChnsS tNmZyw -1.-B¿.- Ir-jv-W≥-Ip-´n- Xn-cph-´m¿-:-ss{I-kv-X-h-˛C-kv-emw- kw-hm-Zw,- t]-Pv-:- 52129

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

sNøs∏Sp∂Xv. imkv{Xkw_\v[amb A_≤ßƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂ {KŸßƒ ssZh\nthinXamsW∂v ]dbpIbmsW¶n¬ ssZhw k¿∆Pv R m\nbs√∂v kΩXnt°≠Xmbn hcpw. {KŸImcs≥d A _ ≤ [ m c W I f p s S k z m [ o \ Ø n e m W v Cu ] c m a ¿ i ß ƒ D≠mbsX∂mWv hmZsa¶nepw Cu A_≤ßƒ A\phZn® ssZhØns≥d A⁄X (!) Hcp {]iv\ambn amdp∂p. {]]©ho£ WØnep≈ {K\vYImc∑mcpsS A⁄X ss__nfn¬ kzm[o\w sNepØnsb¶n¬ F¥psIm≠v hnizmk]camb Imcyßfnepw ss__nfn¬ kvJenXßƒ D≠mbn°qSmsb∂ tNmZyØn\v apºn¬ \n»_vZcmIpIb√msX a‰p am¿§ßsfm∂pw ss__nƒ ]WvUnX ∑mcpsS apºnen√.

HºXv ss_ _nfns≥d

ss__nfpw {]hN\ßfpw

ssZhn IXsb°pdn®v ]dbptºmƒ km[mcWbmbn kphntij I≥am¿ Du∂¬ \¬Imdp≈Xv AXnse {]hN\ßfnemWv. ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßfn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ {]hN\ßfne[nIhpw kXyk\v[ambn ]pe¿∂n´ps≠∂pw C\nbpw ]pe¿∂n´n√mØh Xo¿®bmbpw ]pecpsa∂pw AXn\m¬ k¿∆⁄\mb ssZhØn¬ \n∂p≈XmWv ss__nsf∂v Cu {]hN\ßƒ hyIvXam°p∂p sh∂pamWv hmZw. {]K¬`kphntijI\mb F.hn.tXmakv FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: ""Xncpsh gpØnse {]hN\ßƒ kvYeIme ]cnanXnIƒ°Xoaambn A¬`pX Icambn \ndthdn-bncn°p∂ hkvXpX Bscbpw hnkvabn∏n°pw''.1 "kºq¿W ssZhimkv{Xw' ]dbp∂Xv Cßs\bmWv: "Hcp {]hN\w bYm¿∞Øn¬- {]hN\- a mbn ]cnKWn°s∏SWsa¶n¬ AXn\p ap≥Iq´n ]d™sXms°bpw kw`hn°Ww. Hcp {]hN\Øns≥d GsX¶nepw Hcp `mKw ]cmPbs∏´m¬ AXv ]cmPbm[o\amb a\pjya\ n¬ \n∂v DfhmbXmWv . ssZhØn¬ \n∂p≈X√. ss__nƒ \n¿t±in°p∂ ]cntim[\m{Iaw CXmWv. Cu \nehmcØn¬ \ebpd∏n®p \mw \nco£n°ptºmƒ ss__nƒ ]q¿Æambpw hnizk\obw F∂p a\ nemIpw'.21 Fw-.- hn.- tXm-a-kv- :- Xn-cp-h-N-\- kw-{K-lw- ]p-dw- 26 2 k-ºq¿-Æ- ssZ-h-im-kv-{Xw- ]p-dw- 89 130

131

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Cu AhImihmZßƒ F{XtØmfw kXyk\v[amWv? ss__nƒ {]hN\ßfp≠mhmsa∂pw Ah ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏Sm≥ km[yXbp s≠∂pw apkv e nwIƒ AwKoIcn°p∂p. ssZhnI t_m[\ßfpw {]hmNIhN\ßfpw ss__nfn¬ D≠v F∂XpsIm≠mWnXv . ssZhnIt_m[\ßfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ {]hmNI∑m¿ \SØnb {]hN\ßsf√mw ]pecpsa∂ ImcyØn¬ kwibsam∂pan√. F∂m¬ ss__nfn¬ ssZhnIhN\ßfpw {]hmNI hN\ßfpw am{Xa√; ]ptcmlnX∑mcpsSbpw aXt\Xm°fpsSbpw Ncn{XImc∑mcpsSbpsa√mw hN\ßfp≠v . AXn\memWv ss__nƒ {]hN\ßfn¬ Nneh kw`hn°mØXmbn \ne\n¬°p∂Xv. am\pjnIamb IchncpXpIƒ \S∂n´p≈Xn\m¬ ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßfnse kw`hn®nń√mØ {]hN\ßƒ ssZhØn¬ Btcm]n®v Ah≥ hcpw ImesØ∏‰n A⁄\msW∂v hcpØnØo¿°p∂Xv AhnthIamWv. ss__nƒ ]q¿Wambpw ]cnip≤mXv a {]tNmZnXambn FgpXs∏´XmsW∂v hmZn°p∂h¿ ssZhsØ ]cnanX\pw `mhnsb∏‰n IrXyambn Adnhn√mØh\pam°nØo¿°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. ssZhw kw`hn°p sa∂v]d™ Imcyw kw`hn®ns√∂v h∂m¬ ]ns∂ B ssZhØn\v F¥v hne? ss__nfnse Nne ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏SmØ {]hN\ßƒ ImWpI: 1. BZmw acn®n√: D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØn¬ ImWp∂ ssZhØns≥d H∂masØ {]hN\w Xs∂ sX‰nbn´ps≠∂mWv {]kvXpX ]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂v a\ nemIp∂Xv. ssZhw BZmant\mSv ]dbp∂ {]hN\w Cßs\bmWv, ""tXm´Ønse F√m hr£ßfpsSbpw êw \n\°v CjvSw t]mse Xn∂mw. F∂m¬ \∑Xn∑Isf°pdn®p≈ Adnhns≥d hr£Ønse êw \o Xn∂pIqSm. AXp Xn∂p∂ \mƒ \o Xo¿®bmbpw acn°pw''. (D¬]Øn 2:17) BZna\pjyt\mSp≈ ssZhØns≥d Cu {]hN\w \ndthdntbm? BZmapw l∆bpw ]gw ]dn®p Xn∂psh∂v ss__nƒ ]dbp∂p: "hr£Øns≥d I\n Xn∂m≥ \√Xpw IÆn\v B\µIchpw B hr£w PRm\{]m]vXn°p ImayhpamsW∂p I≠t∏mƒ kv{Xo AXns≥d I\n ]dn®p Xn∂p. Iptd `¿Ømhn\pw sImSpØp. Abmfpw Xn∂p. At∏mƒ 1.ss__nƒ hn⁄m\tImiw ]pdw 15 132

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

CcphcptSbpw IÆpIƒ Xpd∂p''. (D¬ 3:6,7) Cu A\pkcWt°Sv ImWn®XmIs´ ]nimNns≥d {]tem`\Øn\v hiwhZambn´mWv. {]kvXpX {]tem`\w Cßs\bmbncp∂p. ""\nßƒ acn°pIbn√. AXp Xn∂m¬ \nßfpsS IÆp Xpd°psa∂pw \∑Xn∑Isf Xncn®dn™v \nßƒ ssZhsØt∏mse BbnØocpsa∂pw ssZhØn\dnbmw''(D¬ 3:5) F∂m¬ F¥mWv kw`hn®Xv? ]gw ]dn®p Xn∂t∏mƒ BZhpw l∆bpw acn®n√. am{Xhpa√, ]nimNv {]hNn®Xpt]mse Ah¿ \∑Xn∑Isf°pdn®v Adnbp∂h\mbn ØocpIbpw sNbvXp: ""A\¥cw I¿Ømhmb ssZhw Acpƒ sNbvXp, ""t\m°pI a\pjy≥ \∑Xn∑Iƒ Adn™v \Ωn¬ Hcphs\t∏mse BbnØo¿∂ncn°p∂p.'' (D¬ 3:22) BZamIs´ ]ns∂bpw 930 h¿jw Pohn°pIbpw sNbvXp. D¬]Øn ]pkvIXw ssZh\nizkvXamsW¶n¬ ssZhØns≥d a\pjytcmSp≈ H∂mw {]hN\w sX‰nsb∂pw ]nimNns≥d {]hN\w ]pe¿∂psh∂pw kΩXnt°≠nhcpw! 2. A{_lmant\mSp≈ {]hN\w: A{_lmant\mSv ssZhw \SØp∂ Hcp {]hN\- a p≠v , D¬]Øn ]pkv X IØn¬. Im\m≥ tZiØnte°p≈ X\n-°v tijw hcp∂ XeapdbpsS ]p\cmKa\sØ °pdn®v ]dbp∂ {]hN\w Cßs\bmWv "" \ns≥d ]n≥KmanIƒ A\y tZiØp {]hmknIfmbncn°pw. Ah¿ AhnsS ASnaIfmbncn°pw. \m\qdp h’cw a¿±n°s∏Spw. CXp Xo¿®. ]s£, Ah¿ ASnafmbncn °p∂ P\XbpsS ta¬ Rm≥ hn[n \SØpw. Ah¿ AhnSw hn´p t]mcp∂Xv [mcmfw kºØpambn´mbncn°pw. A{_mta, \o-tbm \√ hm¿≤IyØnseØn, kam[m\Øn¬ ]nXm°∑mtcmSv tNcpw, kwkvIcn°s∏Spw, \ns≥d k¥m\ßƒ \memw Xeapdbn¬ ChnsS aSßnsbØpw; AtamcnbpsS AXn{Iaw C\nbpw ]q¿Ønbmbn´n√.'' (D¬]Øn 15:13˛17) A{_lmans≥d k¥XnIƒ \memw Xeapdbn¬ Im\≥ tZiØv aSßnsbØpsa∂mWt√m ChnsS {]hNn°s∏´ncp∂Xv. A{_lman s≥d k¥XnIƒ Im\≥ tZitØ°v aSßnsbØnbXv tamibpsS ImeØmWv. tamibmIs´ GgmasØ Xeapdbnep≈ hyIvXnbpamWv. A{_lmans≥d ]p{X≥ CkvlmJv (D¬21:1˛3), CkvlmJns≥d ]p{X≥ bmt°m_v (D¬ 25:19˛26), bmt°m_ns≥d ]p{X≥ tehn (D¬ 35:22), 133

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

tehnbpsS ]p{X≥ IlmXv (]pd 6:16), IlmXns≥d ]p{X≥ Awdmw (]pd 6:18), Awdmans≥d ]p{X≥ tamsi (]pd 6:20). tami A{_lman\v tijw Ggmw Xeapdbn¬ hcp∂bmfmWv; \memw Xeapdbn¬ hcp∂ hyIvXnb√. ssZhØns≥d {]hN\w sX‰p∂XmbmWv ChnsS \mw ImWp∂Xv. 3. bmt°m_nt\mSp≈ {]hN\w: Im\≥ tZisØ°pdn®v bmt°m_nt\mSv ssZhw hmKv Z m\w \¬InbXmbn D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØn¬ ImWmw. AXv Cßs\bmWv: "\ns≥d ]nXmhmb A{_lmans≥d ssZhhpw CklmJns≥d ssZhhpamb I¿ØmhmWv Rm≥. \o InS°p∂ Cu tZiw \n\°pw \ns≥d ]n≥apd°m¿°pw Rm≥ \¬Ipw.'' (D¬]Øn 28:13) F∂m¬ Cu hmKvZm\w bmt°m_ns≥d PohnXImeØv \ndthdnbn√. bmt°m_nt\mSv ""\n\°pw \¬Ipw'' F∂p ]d™ ssZhØns≥d {]Nh\w ]q¿Ønbmbn√ F∂¿∞w. 4. bmt°m_nt\mSp≈ hmKv Z m\w: ssZhw bmt°m_nt\mSv At±lsØ CuPn]vXn¬ \n∂v kz¥w \m´nte°v XncnsIsIm≠p hcpsa∂v hmKvZm\w sNbvXXmbn ss__nfn¬ ImWmw. ""\nt∂msSm ∂n®v Rm\pw CuPn]vXnte°v hcp∂p≠v. Rm≥ \ns∂ Cu tZitØ°v XncnsI sIm≠phcpIbpw sNøpw. tbmtk^v Xs≥d ssI sIm≠v \n s≥d IÆv XncpΩn ASbv°pw'' (D¬]Øn 46:4) F∂m¬ Cu hmKvZm\w \ndth‰s∏´n√. CuPn]vXn¬ Xs∂bmWv bmt°m_v ]n∂oSv Pohn®Xpw acn®Xpsa√mw. C°mcyhpw D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw Xs∂ ]dbp∂p≠v. ""bmt°m_v CuPn]v X n¬ ]Xnt\gv hXv k cw Pohn®p. Aßs\ Bbpjv°mew samØw \q‰n \¬]tØgp h¬kcw. acWkabw ASpØt∏mƒ C{kmtb¬ ]p{X\mb tbmtk^ns\ hnfn®p ]d™p'' (D¬ 47:28,29) 5.tamsitbmSp≈ {]hN\w: ssZhw tamitbmSv \¬Ip∂ hmKvZm\w Cßs\bmWv ""t]mIpI, CuPn]vXn¬ \n∂v \o tamNn∏n®p sIm≠ph∂ P\hpw \obpw ChnSw hn´p t]mIpI.'' ""\ns≥d A\¥cmhIminIƒ°v CXv \¬Ipw'' F∂p ]d™p A{_lman\pw Ckv l m°n\pw bmt°m_n\pw Rm≥ hmKvZm\w sNbvX tZitØ´p t]mIpI. Rm≥ 134

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

\n\°p aptº Hcp amemJsb Ab®v I\m\nb¿, Atamcnb¿, lnØnb¿, s]cnknb¿, lnhnb¿, sb_qknb¿ F∂nhsc HmSn®p Ifbpw''. (]pd∏mSv 33:1,2) Cu {]hN\w \ndthdnbn√. tamibpsS ImeØv I\m\nbtcm sb_qknbtcm HmSnt∏mbXmbn ss__ntfm a‰p tcJItfm ]Tn∏n°p∂n√. 6. tamitbmSp≈ hmKvZm\w: c≠mw XhWbpw I¬]eIIfn¬ ssZhw FgpXns°mSp°msa∂v ssZhw tamsitbmSp hmKv Z m\w sNbvXXmbn \mw ]pd∏mSv ]pkvXIØn¬ hmbn°p∂p. ""apºtØXv t]mep≈ c≠p I¬]eI shńsbSp°pI. \o s]mń®p If™ BZysØ ]eIIfnep≠mbncp∂ hm°pIƒ Rm≥ Ahbn¬ FgpXnØcmw.'' (]pd 34:1) Cu hmKvZm\w ssZhw \ndth‰nbns√∂mWv ss__nƒ ]dbp∂Xv. kzbw FgpØnXcmsa∂ ssZhnI hmKvZm\w \ndth‰msX tamitbmSv FgpXm≥ ]dbp∂XmbmWv ]pd∏mSv ]pkvXIØn¬ \mw hmbn°p∂Xv. ""Cu hm°pI-ƒ FgpXns°mƒI: Cu hm°pIƒ°v A\pkrXambn Rm≥ \nt∂mSpw C{kmtbent\mSpw DSºSn sNbvXncn°p∂p.'' (]pd 34:27) 7. C{kmtbent\mSp≈ hmKvZm\w: C{kmbo¬ kaqltØmSv ssZhw \¬Ip∂ hmKvZm\w Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØn¬ hnhcn°p∂p≠v. AXv Cßs\bmWv : "\ns≥d ssZhamb I¿Ømhv hmKvZm\w sNbvXncn °p∂Xv t]mse \ns∂ A\p{Kln°pw; \o At\Iw P\XIƒ°p ISw sImSp°pw; F∂m¬ \o ISw hmßpIbn√. \o At\Iw P\XIsf `cn°pw; F∂m¬ Ah¿ \ns∂ `cn°pIbn√.'' (Bh 15:6) Cu hmKvZm\w ]men°s∏ńńs√∂v Gh¿°pw Adnbmhp∂XmWv. C{kmbo¬ kapZmbw ]ecmepw `cn°s∏ń´p≠v. Ah¿ ]eXhW ]ecn¬ \n∂pw ISw hmßnbn´p≠v. Hcp cmjv{Ssa∂ \nebv°v C∂pw C{kmbo¬ Atacn°tbmSpw a‰pw hºn® ISØnemWp≈Xv. 8. sbiømhns≥d {]hN\w: CuPn]vXns\°pdn®v sbiømhn \p≠mb Acpf∏mSmWv ]sØm≥]Xmw A[ymbØnep≈Xv. Cu Acpf∏mSnse ]e Imcyßfpw Fßs\bpw hymJym\n°m≥ 135

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

]‰p∂hbmWv. F∂m¬ Nne hN\ßƒ hyIvXamb kqN\ \¬Ip ∂p≠v. Hcp hmIyw ImWpI: ""A°meØv CuPn]vXp tZiØv I\m≥ `mj kwkmcn°p∂ A©p \Kcßƒ D≠mbncn°pw.'' (sbi 19:18)

\ns≥d ]nXm°∑mtcmSp tN¿°pw. \o kam[m\tØmsS \ns≥d ihIpSocØnte°p t]mIpw. Cu kvYeØp Rm≥ D≠m°p∂ A\¿ ∞ßsfm∂pw \ns≥d IÆpIƒ ImWpIbn√.'' (2 cmPm°∑m¿ 22:20)

Cu {]hN\w \ndthdntbm? Ncn{XØnsehnsSbpw CuPn]vXnse A©p \Kcßfn¬ I\m≥ `mj kwkmcn°p∂ AhkvYbep≠mb Xmbn ImWp∂n√. CXv `mhnbn¬ kw`hn°m≥ t]mIp∂ {]hN\amsW∂v IcpXm\pw \n¿∆mlan√. Im\m≥ `mj \mam htijambn´v Ipsd sIm√ßfmbn. C∂v AØcsamcp `mj Xs∂ hyhlmcnI temIØv \ne\n¬°p∂n√.

Cu hmKvZm\hpw \ndth‰s∏´ns√∂mWv ss__nƒ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. tbminbmbpsS A¥yw AXnZmcpWambncp∂psh∂v ]gb\nbaØn¬ Xs∂ H∂ne[nIw XhW hyIvXam°nbn´p≠v. "hn√mfnIƒ tbminbm cmPmhns\ FbvXp. cmPmhp ZmktcmSp ]d™p: "Fs∂ sIm≠p t]mIq, F\n°p h√msX apdnth‰ncn°p∂p.' Zmk≥ Abmsf cYØn¬ \n∂nd°n AbmfpsS c≠mw cYØn¬ sPdqieante°p sIm≠ph∂p.'' (2 Zn\hrØm¥w 35:23,24)

9. knsZ°nbmbnt\mSp≈ {]hN\w: blqZcmPmhmb knsZ°nbmbnt\mSv ssZhw \¬Ip∂ hmKvZm\w bnscaym ]pkvXIØnep≠v. AXv Cßs\bmWv: "F¶nepw blqZ cmPmhmb knsZ°nbmtb, \o I¿Ømhns≥d hN\w tIƒ°q. \ns∂°pdn®v I¿Ømhv Acpƒ sNøp∂p: ""\o hmfm¬ acn°bn√; \o kam[m\Øn¬ acn°pw. \n\°p apºp≠mbncp∂ ]≠sØ cmPm°∑mcmb \ns≥d ]nXm°∑m¿°p th≠n kpK‘{ZhyMƒ Fcn®Xp t]mse \n\°p th≠nbpw BfpIƒ kpK‘{Zhyßƒ Fcn°pw.''(bnscaym 34:4,5) Cu hmKvZm\w \ndthds∏´pthm? "kam[m\Øn¬ acn°pw' F∂v {]hNn°s∏´ knsZ°nbmbpsS A¥yw Fßs\bmbncp∂p? bnscaymbpsS ]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂pw \mw hmbns®Sp°pI. ""_m_ntem¨ cmPmhv knsZ°nbmbpsS Iäpºn¬ h®v AbmfpsS ]p{X∑msc shńs°m∂p. blqZbnse k¿∆{]`p°∑mscbpw Abmƒ dn_vembn¬ h®v sIm∂-p. Abmƒ knsZ°nbmbpsS c≠p IÆpw s]mń®p. Abmsf NßeIfn¬ _‘n®p. _m_ntem¨ cmPmhv Abmsf _m_ntemWn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn Poh]cy¥w XShne°n.'' (bnscaymhv 52:10,11) 2 cmPm°∑m¿ 25:7epw C°mcyw ]cma¿in°p∂p≠v. 10. tbminbmtbmSp≈ {]hN\w: tbminbm cmPmhnt\mSpw \o kam[m\tØmsS acWs∏Spsa∂v ssZhw hmKvZm\w \¬Ip∂Xmbn cmPm°∑mcpsS c≠mw ]pkvXIØn¬ ImWmw. AXnßs\bmWv. ""I¿ØmhmWv CXv Acpƒ sNøp∂Xv: AXp sIm≠v Rm≥ \ns∂ 136

""tbminbm cmPmhv CuPn]vXp cmPmhns\ t\cn´p. saKnt±mbn¬ h®v tbminbmsb I≠t∏mƒ ^dthm\mb s\tIm Abmsf h[n®p. Zmk¿ cmPmhns≥d arXtZlw saKnt±mbn¬ \n∂v Hcp cYØn¬ sPdpitean¬ sIm≠psN∂v AbmfpsS kz¥w ihIpSocØn¬ kwkv I cn®p.'' (2cmPm°∑m¿ 23:29,30) 11. sPdqkteans\°pdn® {]hN\w: sbiømhns≥d ]pkvXIØnse Hcp {]hN\ {]Imcw sbiømhn\v tijw ]cnt—Z\w sNømØ Bcpw Xs∂ sPdqktean¬ {]thin°pIbn√. {]hN\w ImWpI ""kntbmt\, DWcpWcq; \ns≥d iIvXn B¿Pn°p; hnip≤ \Kcamb sPdpieta, \o \ns≥d AgIm¿∂ hkv{Xßƒ [cn°q; ImcWw ]cnt—Z\w \SØmØht\m, ip≤nbn√mØht\m C\n \n∂n¬ {]thin°bn√.'' (sbiømhv 52:1) Cu {]hN\Øn\v tijw e£°W°n\v ]cnt—Z\w sNømØ a\pjy¿ sPdpktean¬ t]mhpIbpw AhnsS Xmakam°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. C∂pw sNbvXp sIm≠ncn°p∂p. sbiømhns≥d Cu {]hN\hpw sX‰nsb∂¿∞w. 12. tIm\ymsb°pdn® {]hN\w: sbtlmbm°oans≥d ]p{X\mb tIm\ymsb°pdn®v bnscaym ]pkv X IØn¬ Hcp {]hN\ap≠v . AXnßs\bmWv. "tIm\ym F∂ Cu a\pjy≥, Bcpw Imcyam°mØ, \nµn°s∏´ Hcp DS™ ]m{Xtam? Abmfpw AbmfpsS k¥XnIfpw Ah¿°v A⁄mXamb Hcp tZitØ°v Npg‰n Fdnbs∏Sp∂Xv F¥psIm≠v? A√tbm tZita, tZita, tZita, I¿Ømhns≥d hN\w 137

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

tIƒ°q! I¿Ømhv Acpƒ sNøp∂p: Cu a\pjy≥ a°fn√mØ hs\∂pw Bbpjv ° meØv hnPbw hcn°mØhs\∂pw FgpXn shbv°q. ImcWw, ho≠pw ZmhoZns≥d knwlmk\Øn¬ Ccp∂p blqZm `cn°m≥ AbmfpsS k¥XnIfn¬ B¿°pw km[yamhn√.'' (bnscaymhv 22:28˛30) Cu {]hN\{]Imcw tImXym°v a°fp≠mhm≥ ]mSn√. F∂m¬, Zn\hrØm¥w H∂mw ]pkvXIØn¬ sbtlmbm°oans≥d ]p{X\mb sbtIm\ymbpsS ]p{X∑msc°pdn®v ]dbp∂p≠v: AXv Cßs\bmWv: "sbtlmbm°oans≥d ]n≥apd°m¿: AbmfpsS]p{X≥ sbtIm\ym, AbmfpsS ]p{X≥, knsZ°nbm, _‘\kvY\mb sbtIm\bmbpsS ]p{X∑m¿: AbmfpsS ]p{X≥ sib¬Øosb¬, a¬°odmw, s]Zmbm, si\ ¿, sbIaobm, tlmimam, s\Z_ym.'' (1 Zn\hrØm¥w 3:16˛18) 13. lmtkmdns\°pdn® {]hN\w: lmtkm¿ {]tZisØ°pdn®v bnscaymbpsS ]pkvXIØn¬ Hcp {]hN\ap≠v. AXnßs\bmWv. ""lmtkm¿, Ipdp\cnIfpsS CSamIpw; \nXyamb ]mgv\new. Bcpw AhnsS ]m¿°bn√. Bcpw AhnsS {]thin°bpan√.'' (bnscaymhv 49:33) Cu {]hN\Øn\v tijhpw ]ecpw lmtkmdn¬ ]m¿°pIbpw {]thi-n°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. C∂pw P\ßƒ B {]tZiØv Pohn°p∂p. Ncn{XØnsehnsSbpw lmtkm¿ {]tZiw Ipdp\cnIfpsS CSambnØo¿∂Xmbn kqNn∏n°p∂n√. 14. _m_ntemWns\°pdn® {]hN\w: _m_ntemWns\°pdn®pw lmtkdns\°pdn®p ]d™Xp t]msebp≈ Hcp {]hN\w bnscaymbpsS ]pkv X IØnep≠v . {]kv X pX {]hN\w t\m°pI: "BIbm¬ _m_ntemWn¬ h\yarKßfpw Ipdp°\pw Hcpan®p ]m¿°pw. H´I]£n ]m¿°pw. taem¬ Hcn°epw Ahfn¬ Bƒ∏m¿∏p≠mIbn√. Hcp Xeapdbnepw AhnsS \nhmknIƒ D≠mIbn√. ssZhw sktZmans\bpw sKmtamdmtbbpw Ab¬ \Kcßtfbpw \in∏n®t∏mƒ F∂t]mse Bcpw AhnsS hkn°bn√. Hcp a\pjy\pw Ahfn¬ {]thin°bn√. I¿ØmhmWv CXv Acpƒ sNøp∂Xv.'' (bnscaymhv 50:40,41) CtX Imcyw Xs∂ sbiømhns≥d ]pkvXIØnepap≠v: 138

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

"_m_ntem¨! cmPyßfpsS {]Xm]w, I¬ZmbcpsS tXP pw A`nam\hpw˛ AXv ssZhw \in∏n® skmtZmapw, tK- m tamdbpw t]msebmIpw! AhnsS Bƒ∏m¿∏v D≠mIn√; Hcp Xeapdbnepw P\hmkw D≠mIn√. Hcp Ad_nbpw AhnsS IqSmcw ASn°bn√. Hcp CSb\pw Xs≥d Bń≥]‰sØ AhnsS InSØpIbn√. F∂m¬ h\yarKßƒ AhnsS InS°pw. AhnSsØ hoSpIfn¬ aqßIƒ \ndbpw. HÍ∏£nIƒ AhnsS ]m¿°pw. Im´mSpIƒ AhnsS IqØmSpw. AhnSsØ tKm]pcßfn¬ IgpX∏penIfpw aWntaSIfn¬ Ipdp \cnIfpw Iq°phnfn°pw. AXns≥d kabw ASpØncn°p∂p. AXns≥d Znhkßƒ \ofpIbn√.''(sbi 13:19˛22) Cu {]hN\ßƒ ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏ńńs√∂Xv Hcp h¿Øam\ Ime A\p`hamWt√m. Cu {]hN\Øn\p tijw C∂phsc _m_ntem Wn¬ Bƒ Xmakan√mØ AhkvYbp≠mbnń√. h\yarKßfpsS tI{µtam aqßIfpw HÍ∏£nIfpw IgpX∏penIfpw Ipdp\cnIfpw Im´mSpIfpw IqØmSp∂ kvYetam Bbnń√. C∂pw _m_ntemWn¬ P\hmkap≠v: ktZmw sKmtadsbt∏mse B {]tZiw Hcn°epw Bbnń√. 15. ssSdns\°pdn® {]hN\w: _m_ntem¨ cmPmhmb s\_p°Zv \ ¿ ssSdns\Xnsc B™Sn°psa∂pw ssSK¿K\cw ]q¿Wambn Øs∂ XI¿°s∏Spsa∂pw tijw AXn¬ Bƒ]m¿∏p≠mIpI bns√∂psa√mw ssZhw ]dbp∂Xmbn Fsk°ntb¬ ]pkv X Iw D≤cn°p∂p≠v: ""I¿Ømhmb ssZhw Acpƒ sNøp∂p: hS°p \n∂v _m_ntem¨ cmPmhmb s\_pIZv s\kdns\, cmPm°∑mcpsS cmPmhns\ Rm≥ ssSdn\v FXnsc sIm≠phcpw.'' (Fk°ntb¬ 26:7) ""\ns≥d kºØpIƒ Ah¿ sIm≈bSn°pw. \ns≥d I®hS®c °pIƒ Ah¿ A]lcn°pw. \ns≥d aXnepIƒ CSn®p \ncØn \ns≥d at\mlc `h\ßƒ \in∏n°pw. \ns≥d I√pw XSnbpw aÆpw Ah¿ Pecminbnte°v Fdnbpw. \ns≥d Km\[mc Rm≥ Ahkm\n∏n-°pw. \ns≥d In∂cßfpsS \mZw C\n tIƒ°pIbn√. Rm≥ \ns∂ shdpsamcp ]mdbm°pw.he hncn®v DW°m\p≈ Hcp kvYeamIpw \o. \ns∂ Hcn°epw ]p\cp≤cn°n√. I¿Ømhmb Rm≥ Acpƒ sNbv X ncn°p∂p. I¿Ømhmb ssZhamWv CXv Acpƒ 139

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

sNbvXncn°p∂Xv.'' ""AXn\m¬ \n∂- n ¬ Hcn°epw Bƒ∏m¿∏p≠mIn√; Pohn°p∂hcpsS tZiØv \n\°v CSw e`n°bpan√. Rm≥ \ns∂ `b¶camb \miØn¬ FØn°pw; \o ]ns∂ _m°nbp≠mIn√; At\zjn®mepw \ns∂ Hcn°epw Is≠ØpIbn√. I¿Ømhmb ssZhamWv CXv Acpƒ sNøp∂Xv.''(26:20,21)

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

16. tbiphns≥d c≠mw hchns\°pdn® {]hN\ßƒ: tbip c≠maXp `qanbnte°v hcpsa∂pw ChnsS ssZhcmPyw kvYm]n°psa∂pw kqNn∏n°p∂ Nne {]hN\ßƒ ss__nfnep≠v. Ah ImWpI. "a\pjy]p{X≥ Xs≥d cmPyØn¬ hcp∂Xv ImWpw apºv acWw {]m]n°mØ Nne¿ ChnsS \n¬∏p≠v.' (aØmbn 16:28)

""`b¶camb \miw \n\°v D≠mbncn°p∂p; F∂t∂°pambn \o s]mbvt∏mbncn°p∂p.''(21:36)

"a\pjy ]p{Xs\ iIv X nbpsS heXp`mKØncn°p∂h\mbpw hm\taLßtfmsS hcp∂h\mbpw \nßƒ ImWpw.' (am¿t°m-kv- 14:62)

Cu {]hN\Øn¬ ]dbp∂Xpt]msebps≈mcp \miw ssS¿ \KcØn\v D≠mbn´pt≠m? Cs√∂mWv DØcw. tbiphpw ]utemkpsa√mw ssSdn¬ t]mhpIbpw Xmakn°pIbpsa√mw sNbvXXmbp≈ ]cma¿ißƒ ]pXnb\nbaØnep≠v. GXm\pw Nne ]pXnb \nba ]cma¿ißƒ ImWpI: "tbip AhnsS \n∂v ssS¿˛kntZm≥ tZitØ°p t]mbn. CXm, B {]tZiØp \n∂v Hcp I\m≥Imcn h∂v \enhnfn®p ]d™p.'' (aØmbn15:21)

"kXyambn Rm≥ \nßtfmSv ]dbp∂p: ssZhcmPyw ImWpw apºp acWw {]m]n°mØ Nne¿ ChnsS \n¬∏p≠v.' (eq°v 9:27)

""tbip AhnsS \n∂v ]pds∏´v ssS¿ kntZm≥ {]tZitØ°p t]mbn. AhnsS Ah≥ Hcp ho´n¬ {]thin®p. Xs≥d km∂n≤yw Bcpw AdnbcpsX∂v Ah≥ B{Klns®¶nepw clkyambn Ignbm≥ Ah\p km[n®n√.'' (am¿t°m-kv- 7:24) "tbip ssS¿ tZiØp \n∂p aSßn kotZm≥ hgn sZ°ms∏m enkneqsS Keoem IS¬ØoctØ°p t]mbn.' (am¿t°m-kv- 7:3) "ssSdn¬ Nc°v Cd°m≥ D≠mbncp∂Xp sIm≠v Rßƒ AhnsS Ic°v Cdßn. injy∑msc I≠p]nSn®v Ggp Znhkw Rßƒ AhnsS Xmakn®p.' (At∏m 21:3) CXn∂¿∞w tbiphns≥dbpw At∏mkv X e≥amcpsSbpsa√mw ImeØv ssS¿ \nehnep≠mbncp∂psh∂pw AhnsS P\hmkap≠m bncp∂psh∂pamWt√m. ssSdns\°pdn® Fk°ntbens≥d {]hN\w sX‰nt∏mbnsb∂mWt√m CXn¬ \n∂v a\ nemIp∂Xv. 140

Cu hN\ßƒ {]Imcw tbiphns≥d ]p\cmKa\hpw ssZhcmPy kvYm]\hpsa√mw ImWphm≥ At±lØns≥d At∏mkvXe≥amcn¬ Nne¿s°¶nepw Ahkcw e`nt°≠Xmbncp∂p. ]t£ tbip t]mbn c≠mbncw h¿jw Ign™p. tbiphns≥d ImeØp≠mbncp∂ Hcmƒ t]mepw C∂v Pohn®ncn°p∂n√. ""ssZhcmPyw ImWpw apºv acWw {]m]n°mØ Nne¿ ChnsS \n¬∏p≠v'' F∂pw a‰pap≈ tbiphns≥d {]hN\ßƒ A_≤ßfmbn Øo¿∂psh∂v kmcw. 17. temImhkm\sØ°pdn® {]hN\w: a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijØn¬ tbip temImhkm\sØ°pdn®v ]dbp∂ Hcp `mKap≠v. kqcy≥ CcpfpIbpw N{µ≥ sI´pt]mIpIbpw \£{Xßƒ DXn¿∂p hogpIbpsa√mw sNøp∂Xns\°pdn®v ]d™ tijw CsX√mw B Xeapdbn¬ Xs∂ kw`hn°psa∂mWv tbip kqNn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. a¿t°mkv tbiphns\ D≤cn°p∂Xv ImWpI, "A{]Imcw Xs∂, Ch kw`hn°p∂Xp ImWptºmƒ, Ah≥ hfsc ASpØv ]SnhmXn¬°¬ FØnbncn°p∂p F∂p \nßƒ {Kln®psIm≈pI. kXyambn Rm≥ \nßtfmSp ]dbp∂p: Chsb√mw kw`hn°p∂Xp hsc Cu Xeapd IS∂pt]mIbn√. ' (a¿ 13:29,30) eqt°mkpw C°mcyw D≤cn°p∂p≠v. (eqt°m 21:32) tbiphn\v tijw At\Iw XeapdIƒ Ign™pt]mbn. CXphsc 141

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

temImhkm\w kw`hn®n´n√. a¿t°mkv , eqt°mkv F∂nh¿ {]Imcap≈ tbiphns≥d {]hN\w ]ng®psh∂v kmcw. 18. ]p\cp∞m\sØ°pdn® {]hN\w: tbip Xs≥d ]p\cp∞m\sØ°pdn®v {]hNn°p∂Xmbn aØmbn D≤cn°p∂Xv Cßs\bmWv: "ZpjvShpw AhnizkvXamb XeapdbmWv ASbmfw At\zjn°p∂Xv. tbm\m{]hmNIs≥d ASbmfa√msX as‰mcp ASbmfhpw AXn\p \eIs∏SpIbn√. tbm\m, aq∂p cmhpw aq∂p ]Iepw XnanwKeØns≥d DZcØn¬ Bbncp∂p. AXpt]mse a\pjy ]p{X\pw aq∂p cmhpw aq∂p ]Iepw `qanbpsS D≈n¬ Bbncn°pw.'' (aØmbn 12:39,40) Cu {]hN\{]Imcw aq∂p cmhpw aq∂p ]Iepw tbip I√dbn¬ InS∂n´p≠IWw. F∂m¬ ss__nfnse hniZoIcWßƒ {]Imcw tbip c≠p cmhpw Hcp ]Iepw am{Xta I√dbn¬ InS∂n´p≈psh∂vImWmw. kphntijßƒ {]Imcw, sh≈nbmgv N bmWv tbip {Iqin°s∏´X.- v sh≈nbmgv N k‘ytbmsSbmWv tbiphns≥d arXtZlw I√dbn¬ sh®Xv. RmbmdmgvN AXncmhnse, Ccp´mbncns°Øs∂ aKv Z e\adnbbpw a‰pw I√dbv ° SpØv sN∂t∏mƒ AhnsS arXicocw I≠ns√∂pw tbip ]p\cp∞m\w sNbvXncp∂psh∂pamWv kphntij I¿Øm°ƒ ]dbp∂Xv. At∏mƒ tbiphns≥d icocw F{X cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw I√dbn¬ InS∂ncn°Ww? sh≈nbmgvN cm{Xn˛ i\nbmgvN ]I¬˛ i\nbmgvN cm{Xn. c≠p cm{Xnbpw Hcp ]Iepw am{Xw! ]p\cp∞m\sØ°pdn® tbiphns≥d {]hN\hpw sX‰nsb∂¿∞w. 19. acWm\¥c PohnXsØ°pdn® {]hN\w: acWm\¥c PohnXsØ°pdn®v tbip \SØp∂ {][m\s∏´ Hcp {]hN\w aØmbn tcJs∏SpØp∂p≠v. AXnßs\bmWv ""kXyambn Rm≥ \nßtfmSv ]dbp∂p: bpKkam]vXnbnse ]p\¿PohnXØn¬, a\pjy]p{X≥ Xs≥d al\ob knwlmk\Øn¬ D]hnjvS\mIptºmƒ Fs∂ A\pKan® \nßƒ C{kmtbens≥d ]{¥≠p tKm{Xßsf hn[n®p sIm≠p ]{¥≠p knwlmk\ßfn¬ Ccn°pw'' (aØm 19:28) 142

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

F¥mWv Cu {]hN\w A¿∞am°p∂Xv? tbiphns≥d ]{¥≠v At∏mkvX e∑mcpw acWm\¥cPohnXØn¬ BZcn°s∏SpIbpw AhnsS sh®v ]{¥≠v knwlmk\ßfn¬ Ccp∂psIm≠v C{kmboense ]{¥≠v tKm{XßfpsS \ymbw hn[n°pbpw sNøpsa∂v. Bscms°bmWv Cu ]{¥≠v At∏mkvXe∑m¿? aØmbn 10: 1˛5 hN\ßfn¬ Bscms°bmWv Ch¿ F∂p ]dbp∂p≠v. ]t{Xmkv apX¬ bqZm CkvIdnbmØv hscbp≈ ]{¥≠p t]¿! Cu ]{¥≠p t]cpw acWm\¥c PohnXØn¬ _lpam\n°s∏Spsa∂mWv \tS D≤cn® {]hN\Øn¬ ]dbp∂Xv. At∏mƒ bqZm CkvImcnbmØns≥d Imcysa¥mWv ? tbiphns\ H‰psImSpØ hyIv X nbmWv bqZmkv . At±lw i]n°s∏h\msW∂mWv F√m ss{Ikv X hk`Ifpw hnizkn°p∂Xv . acWm\¥c PohnXsØ°pdn® tbiphns≥d {]hN\hpw sX‰nsb∂mWt√m CXn¬ \n∂v a\ nemIp∂Xv.

ssZh\nizkvXXbpw {]hN\ßfpw ss__nfn¬ ]dbp∂ Nne {]hN\ßƒ sX‰nsb∂p≈ hkvXpX AXv ssZhnIamsW∂p≈ AhImihmZØns≥d ASnØd XI¿°p∂XmWv. ss__nfn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ {]hN\ßƒ apgph≥ {]hmNI∑mcm¬ cNn°s∏´XmsW∂v hmZn°pIbmsW¶n¬ Ahbn¬ h∂ A_≤ßfpw {]hmNI∑mcn¬ Btcm]nt°≠Xmbn hcpw. AXv Ahsc hymP{]hmNIcmbn AhXcn∏n°p∂Xn\v XpeyamWv. ""Hcp {]hmNI≥ I¿Ømhns≥d \maØn¬ kwkmcn®n´v B hN\w bmYm¿∞yamImXncn°ptbm, kw`hn°mXncn°pItbm sNbvXm¬, B hN\w I¿Ømhv Acpƒ sNbv X n´p≈X√. {]hmNI≥ AXp tXm∂ymkambn ]d™XmWv ; \o Abmsf `bs∏tS≠Xn√'' (Bh¿Ø\w 18:18) F∂mWv ]gb\nbaØns≥d hn[n. HcmfpsS {]hN\w ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏SmXncn°pIbmsW¶n¬ Abmƒ hymP{]hmNI\msW∂¿∞w. ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßsf√mw AXn¬ {]Xn]mZn°s∏´ {]hmNI≥ Xs∂bmWv cNn®sX∂v imTyw ]nSn°pIbmsW¶n¬ t\ml apX¬ tbip hscbp≈hsc√mw 143

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

hymP∑mcmsW∂v ]dtb≠n hcpw. ss__nfn¬ am\pjnIamb IchncpXpIƒ \S∂n´ps≠∂pw ssZhnIamb \nizkvXX Xoscbn√msX cNn°s∏´ hN\ßƒ AXneps≠∂pw hnizkn°p∂XmWv {]hmNI∑m¿ hymP∑mcmsW∂v ]dbp∂Xnt\°mƒ \√Xv. AXmWv icnbpw!

]Øv tem

tIm¬]Øn apX¬ tbip{InkvXp hscbp≈ Ncn{Xw hnhcn°p∂ Hcp alZv {KŸambn ˛{KŸ kap®bambn ˛ss__nfns\ ]et∏mgpw ]cnNbs∏SpØs∏Smdp≠v. Bdp Znhkw sIm≠p≈ {]]©krjvSn apX¬ ]e {]hmNI∑mtcbpw Ipdn® IY\ßfpw tbiphns≥d P\\w, PohnXw, acWw XpSßn At\I Imcyßfpw ss__nfn¬ {]Xn]mZn°s∏´n´ps≠∂Xv icnbmWv . thZ]pkvXIØn¬ {]Xn]mZn°s]´Xn\m¬ Ahsb√mw IÆpaS®v hnizkn°pIbmWv th≠sX∂mbncp∂p ASpØImew hscbp≈ k`bpsS \ne]mSv. ss__nfns\ hna¿i\mflIambn a\ nem°p ∂Xn¬ \n∂v ItØmen°m k` HutZymKnIambnØs∂ hnizmkn Isf XS™ncp∂p. 1943¬ ]{¥≠mw ]nbqkv am¿∏m∏ ]pds∏Sphn® "Unhnt\m A^v f ms≥d kv ] ncnØp'sh∂ Un{Inbn¬ imkv { Xob am¿Kßfp]tbmKn®v ss__nƒ ]Tnt°≠Xns≥d BhiyIXsb °pdn®v ]cma¿in°pIbpw AXn\mbn ItØmen°m hnizmknIsf Blzm\w sNøpIbpw sNbv X tXmsS kv Y nXnamdn. ss__nƒ ]cma¿ißsf Ncn{XØns≥dbpw imkv { XØns≥dbpw Afhp tImepIfp]tbmKn®v ]Tn°phm≥ ]ecpw k∂≤cmbn. ss__nfnse ]cma¿ißfn¬ ]eXpw C{kmboey¿°nSbn¬ {]Ncn®ncp∂ Aimkv{Xobamb A‘hnizmkßƒ Dƒs°m≈p ∂psh∂v am{Xa√, AXp hnhcn°p∂ Ncn{Xw kXyk‘as√∂pw Hmtcm {KŸImc∑mcpw Xßƒ C—n°p∂ coXnbnep≈ ssZhimkv{Xw AhXcn∏n°p∂Xn\p 144

ss__nfpw Ncn{Xhpw

145

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

th≠n Ncn{X ]pcpj∑mcpsS IYIsf D]tbmKn°pIbmWv sNbvXsX∂pap≈ hkvXpXIƒ hyIvXam°pIbmWv Cu ]T\ßƒ sNbvXXv. ss__nfnse Ncn{X IY\Øns≥d kXyk‘Xsb°pdn®v N¿® sNøptºmƒ AXnse ]pkvXIßfpsS cNbnXm°sf°pdn®v apºv ]d™ Imcyßƒ Hm¿Øncnt°≠XmWv. {]hmNI∑mtcm Ahsc t\cn¬ I≠htcm A√ ss__nfnse Hcp ]pkv X Iw t]mepw cNn®n´p≈Xv F∂ hkvXpXbmWXv. AhbpsS {KŸI¿Øm°ƒ Bscms°bmsW∂v \ap°v bmsXmcp hnhchpan√. ss__nƒ hn⁄m\tImiw No- ^ v FUn‰¿ tUm.amXyp sh≈m\n°ens≥d hcnIƒ ChnsS D≤cn°p∂Xv DNnXamsW∂v tXm∂p∂p: "{KŸ I¿Øm°sf∏‰n hyIvXambn, B[nImcnIambn ]dbphm\pw \ap°v _p≤nap´p≠v . H∂maXmbn {]kn≤cmb hyIv X nIfpsS t]cn¬ ]pkv X Iw {]kn≤oIcn°p∂ ]Xnhv ]gb ImeØp≠mbncp∂p. ]pkvXIw B hyIvXn FgpXnbXmbncn°Wsa∂n√. Hcp hyIvXnbpsS t]cn¬ Adnbs∏Sm≥ B hyIv X n ]q¿Wambn {KŸw apgph≥ FgpXWsa∂n√mbncp∂p. {KŸI¿ØrXzsØ∏‰n hfsc hnimeamb Hcp ho£WamWv A°meØv D≠mbncp∂Xv. Hcp hyIvXn Bibßƒ sImSpØv thsdmcmƒ FgpXp∂Xpw {KŸI¿ØrXzambn IcpXnbncp∂p. Kpcphns≥d Nn¥Ifpw Kpcphns≥d Acq]nbpw Dƒs°m≠v injycm¬ FgpXs∏Sp∂Xpw {KŸI¿ØrXzambn IcpXs∏´ncp∂p. AXpt]mse Hcp hyIvXn F¥n\v {]kn≤\mtWm B ]mcºcyw AhXcn∏n°p∂ ]pkvXIØns≥d I¿Ømhmbn B hyIvXnsb IcpXp∂ ]Xnhpw A°meØv \ne\n∂ncp∂p'.1 A⁄mXcmb {KŸImc∑mcm¬ FgpXs∏´hbmWv ss__nfnse an° ]pkvXIßfpw. FgpØpImcpsS ]caamb e£yw Xßfpt±in °p∂ hyIvXnbpsS Ncn{XsagpXpIbmbncp∂n√; Xßƒ°p ap∂nep≈ kaqlØn\v Nne ktµißƒ \¬IpIbmbncp∂p. {]hmNI∑mcptSbpw a‰pw IY\ßƒ Cu ktµi{]NcWØns≥d `mKambn cq]saSpØhbmWv . AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ ss__nƒ \¬Ip∂ Ncn{XØn¬ Ah FgpXnb hyIvXnIfpsS ho£Wßƒ \∂mbn kzm[o\w sNepØnbn´p≠v. blqZ d∫nam¿ Xßfn—n°p∂ 1. ss__nƒ hn⁄m\tImiw ]pdw 15. 146

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

coXnbn¬ {]hmNI NcnXßƒ ]p\:krjvSn®Xn\v ]gb \nbaØn¬ Hcp]mSv DZmlcWßfp≠v . A°mcyw hniZambn ]n- ∂ o- S v - N¿® sNøp∂p≠v.

D¬]Øn hnhcWw "BZnbn¬ ssZhw BImihpw `qanbpw krjvSn®p'sh∂v ]d™psIm≠mWv ss__nfnse H∂mw ]pkv X Iamb D¬]Øn Bcw`n°p∂Xv. D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØns≥d H∂mw A[ymbw apgph≥ Bdp Znhkßfnembn ssZhw \n¿hln® krjvSnbpsS hnhcWß fmWpƒs°m≈p∂Xv. c≠mw A[ymbØns≥d XpS°Øn¬ Ggmw Znhkw ssZhw hn{ian®psh∂pw- ]dbp∂p. D¬]Øn]pkvXI {]Imcw Hmtcm ZnhksØbpw ssZhØns≥d krjvSn{Iaw Cßs\bmbncp∂p. H∂mw Znhkw c≠mw Znhkw aq∂mw Znhkw \memw Znhkw A©mw Znhkw Bdmw Znhkw Ggmw Znhkw

˛ BImiw, `qan, shfn®w, cm{Xn, ]I¬. ˛ PesØ apIfnepw Xmsgbpambn th¿Xncn®p. ˛ Icbpw ISepw kkyßfpw. ˛ \£{Xßƒ, kqcy≥, N{µ≥. ˛ kap{ZPohnIfpw ]dhIfpw. ˛ IcP¥p°fpw a\pjy\pw. ˛ ssZhØns≥d hn{iaw.

CXmWv ss__nfnse D¬]Øn hnhcWØns≥d kw£n]vXw. CXv CtXt]mseØs∂ hnizkn°Wsa∂pw Cu hnhcWØns\Xn cnep≈ Bibßƒ kzoIcn°phm≥ ]mSns√∂pambncp∂p Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠ns≥d BZyw hscbp≈ ss{IkvXh kao]\w. Cu kao]\w kzoIcn®ncn°p∂ ^≠sa≥denkv ‰ pIƒ C∂pap≠v . F∂m¬ B[p\nI KthjWßfpsS shfn®Øn¬ D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØnse krjvSn{Iaw icnbs√∂v t_m[ys∏´Xn\m¬ AXv A£cm¿∞Øn¬ kzoIcnt°≠Xns√∂ ]£°mcmWv ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑mcn¬ an°hcpw. ]pcmX\ C{kmbo¬ P\XbpsS CSbn¬ {]NmcØnencp∂ sFXnlyßfmWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØnse kr-jvSnhnhcWØn¬ {]Xn^en°p∂sX∂mWv ]WvUnXaXw. tUm.sI.eq°v FgpXp∂p: 147

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

"temtIm¬]Øn, a\ptjym ¬]Øn F∂o hnjbßsf∏‰n ]ucmWnIƒ hfsc Nn¥n®n´p≠v . `qanbpsS BIrXn, {]IrXn, AhkvY, kvYnXn apXemb Imcyßsf∏‰nbpw Ah¿°v kz¥a`n{]m bßƒ D≠mbncp∂p. sa s∏mt´manb, CuPn]v X v apXemb tZißfnse \nhmknIfpsS A`naXßfpw A`yqlßfpsa√mw tcJmcq]Ønep≠v. ]WvUnX∑m¿ Ah ]Tn∏n°pIbpw hniZoIcn °pIbpw sNbvXn´pap≠v. `qtemIsØ∏‰n bp≈ {]mNo\ C{kmtb¬ ImcpsS k¶¬∏amWv Cu teJ\Øn¬ {]Xn]mZn°pI. AXv {Kln°m≥ D¬]Øn ]pkvXØnse A≤ymbßƒ hmbn®m¬ aXn' 1 "ss__nƒ P\bnXm°ƒ B[p\nI imkv{XØns≥d P\\Øn\v hfsc aptº Pohn®ncp∂hcmWv. `qansb∏‰nbpw a‰pw Ah¿°p≠mbn cp∂ ⁄m\w hfsc ]cnanXambncp∂p; D≠mbncp∂ ⁄m\w Aim kv{Xobhpambncp∂p. AXn\p Ahsc Ip‰s∏SpØp∂Xv icnb√'2 Ggp ZnhksØ {]]©krjvSnsb∂ Bibw Ggns\ hnip≤ kwJybmbn KWn°s∏´ncp∂ _m_ntemWnb≥ ]pcmWßfpsS kzm[o\Øn¬ \n∂mbncn°Ww D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØn¬ IS∂pIqSnbsX∂v ]WvUnX∑m¿ A\pam\n°p∂p. k¿hiIvX\mb ssZhw Ggmw Znhkw hn{ian®psh∂v hcpØnØo¿ØXn\p ]n∂n¬ F√mhcpw km_Øv BNcn°Wsa∂v ]Tn∏n°pIbmWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXI I¿Ømhv sNøp∂sX∂mWv ]WvUnXaXw. tUm.tPmk^v tIm´°¬ FgpXp∂p: "ssZhØn\pt≠m km_ØmNcWw? C√, ]t£, km[mcW P\ßƒ°p {]amWßf\pkcn°phm\p≈ {]tNmZap≠mIphm\pw Cu hnhcWw D]Icn°psa∂v CXns≥d cNbnXmhmb blqZ]ptcmlnX≥ \niv N bn®p. ssZhw t]mepw km_Øv Znhkw krjvSnI¿aØn¬ \n∂v hncan®psh¶n¬ \n mc\mb a\pjy≥ km_Øv k{i≤w BNcn°phm≥ F{Xtbm ISs∏´h\mWv F∂ [z\nbpw ChnsSbp≠v. HºXpImcyßƒ Bdp Znhkw sIm≠v sNbvXpXo¿°Wsa∂ hy{KX cNbnXmhn\p≠mbXv Cu Dt±iysØ ap≥\ndpØnbmWv.3 Xßƒ°mhiyap≈ Hcp Imcyw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xn\p th≠n 1. aXhpw imkv{Xhpw ]pdw 1,2. 2. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 8. 3. tUm.tPmk^v tIm´°¬: ss__nƒ {]iv\ßƒ ]pdw 41 148

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ssZhØns≥d t]cn¬ t]mepw I≈w ]dbm≥ bmsXmcp aSnbpan√mØbmfpIfmbncp∂p ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßfpsS I¿Øm°ƒ F∂mWt√m CXn¬ \n∂p a\ nemt°≠Xv. ]cnip≤mfl{]tNmZnXambn´mbncp∂pthm D¬]Øn]pkv X I Øns≥d cNbnXmhv {]]©krjvSnsb°pdn®v FgpXnbXv? ssZhw k¿∆iIv X \msW∂ BibØns≥d ISbv ° v IØnsh°p∂, krjvSnsb∂ `mcn® tPmen sNbvXv Ggmw Znhkw hn{iant°≠n h∂h\mWv ssZhw F∂ Bibw tZymXn∏n°p∂ hN\ßƒ cNn°p hm≥ ssZhw Xs∂ {]tNmZ\w \¬Insb∂v hnizkn°p∂Xv hntcm [m`mkamWv.

]gb \nba IYIfpsS Ncn{X]cX t\ml apX¬°p≈ {]hmNI∑mcpsS IYIƒ ss__nƒ hnhcn°p∂p≠v . Cu IYIƒ F¥pam{Xw Ncn{X]camsW∂ ImcyØn¬ ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑m¿ hyXykv X A`n{]mbßƒ ]pe¿Øp∂hcmWv. ss__nfn¬ hnhcn°s∏Sp∂ Ncn{XIYIƒ Ah \¬Ip∂ ktµißfpsS ASnkv Y m\ØnemWv hnebncp Øs∏tS≠sX∂mWv ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ \s√mcp hn`mKØns≥d A`n{]mbw. Ncn{XIY\Øns≥d hniZmwißƒ Nnet∏mƒ sX‰mbn {]Xn]mZn°s∏´n´p≠mhmw F∂ hkvXpX Ah¿ AwKoIcn°p∂p. tUm.amXyp sh≈m\n°¬ FgpXp∂p: "ss__nfns≥d {]amZcmlnXysØ°pdn®p hn[n ]dbptºmƒ AXns≥d ktµihpw B ktµiw AhXcn∏n°p∂Xn\v D]IcWßfmbnØocp∂ hkvXp°fpw XΩnep≈ hyXymkw a\ nemt°≠Xp≠v. ktµiw ssZhn-IamWv. AXv ssZhØns≥d {]amZcmlnXyØn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂Xpambncn°mw. F∂m¬ AXn\v D]IcWßfmb D]m[nIƒ°v ktµiØns≥d {]amZcmlnXysØ l\n°mØ hn[Ønep≈ {]amZcmlnXyta I¬]nt°≠Xp≈q. a\pjy c£°p th≠n ssZhw \¬Im≥ Dt±in°p∂ ktµiØn\p am{Xta {]amZcmlnXyap≈q. AXn\p]IcWambnØocp∂ {]kvXmh\Iƒ°v Bt]£nIamb Hcp {]amZcmlnXytabp≈q. DZmlcWØn\v t\mlns≥d ImesØ Pe{]fbw ssZhØns≥d \oXnsb°pdn®pw IcpWsb°pdn®pap≈ ktµiw AhXcn∏n°p∂Xn¬ am{Xw 149

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

{]amZclnXamWv. F∂m¬ AhnsS AhXcn∏n°s∏Sp∂ hniZmwi ßfn¬ {]amZcmlnXyw D≠mbncn°Wsa∂n√'1 ss__nfn¬ hnhcn°s∏´ncn°p∂ ]e kw`hßfpw Ncn{X ]cambn IrXyas√∂ hkvXpX ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ AwKoIcn °p∂p≠v . "Ncn{X]cambn IrXya√mØ Nne {]kv X mh\Ifpw ss__nfn¬ Is≠∂phcmw (Zm\n 5)'.2 Ncn{X]T\Øns≥d am\ZWvUßfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ A`nho£n°ptºmƒ sX‰msW∂p a\ nemhp∂ ss__nƒ ]cma¿ißƒ ssZh\nthisa∂ BibØn\p apºnse {][m\s∏´ {]iv\ßfnsem∂mWv. ss__nfnep≈ Ncn{X]camb sX‰pIfpw ssZh\nthi\sa∂ Bibhpw XΩn¬ s]mcpØs∏SpØphm≥ B[p\nI ]Wv U nX∑m¿ InW™p ]cn{ian°p∂p≠v . ]s£ hniZoIcWßƒ hnjbsØ IqSpX¬ k¶o¿Æam°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. tUm.ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w FgpXp∂p: "B[p\nI imkv{XØnt≥dbpw Ncn{X]T\ßfptSbpw a‰pw ImgvN∏mSn¬ \n∂p t\m°ptºmƒ ss__nfnse Nne {]kvXmh\Iƒ sX‰mbn tXm∂ntb°mw. imkv { Xtam, temINcn{Xtam ]Tn∏n°p∂ Hcp {KŸa√, c£mNcn{XamWv ss__nƒ F∂ t_m[ytØmsS thWw ss__nfnse ]T\ßsf kao]n°phm≥. Hmtcm ]pkv X Ihpw FgpXs∏´ ImeØp \ne\n∂ncp∂ {]]©ho£Wßfpw kmlnXyssienIfpw am\pjnI {KŸImc∑msc kzm[o\n®n´p≠v F∂ Imcyw ad°mhX√. {KŸImc≥ ]Tn∏n°phm≥ Dt±in°p∂ c£mI-c-kXyw F¥v F∂v a\ nem°m\mWv {iant°≠Xv.'3 hniZoIcWØn\v hgßmØ ss__nƒ hnhcWßƒ ZrjvSm¥ IYIfm (parable)sW∂ hniZoIcWØn¬ A`bw tXSpIbmWv ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ sNøp∂Xv. sdbva≠v˛C˛{_u¨ FgpXp∂p: "ssZh\nthinXambsX√mw Ncn{XamsW ∂mWv ]ecpsSbpw [mcW. AXv icnb√. IhnX, \mSIw, sFXnlyw, IY F∂nhsbms° ssZh\nthinXamImw. tbm\mbpsS ]pkv X Iw Ncn{Xa√; Hcp D]amIY (parable)bmsW∂p kqNn∏n®pht√m...... 1. ss__nƒ hn⁄m\tImiw ]pdw 13,14. 2. ss__nƒ hn⁄m\ tImiw ]pdw 12. 3. hnizmkØns≥d thcpIƒ -]pdw30. 150

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

tbm\msb∂p t]cp≈ Hcp bYm¿∞ hyIvXnsb hensbmcp aXvkyw hngpßnsb∂v hnizkn°m≥ \mw _m[ykv Y cmsW∂v ssZh\n thi\w A¿∞am°p∂n√. tbm\mbpsS ]pkvXIw Hcp Ncn{X{KŸ amsW¶n¬ am{Xsa AXn¬ {]Xn]mZn®n´p≈ kw`hw Ncn{Xh kvXpXbmtWmsb∂ tNmZyw DZn°pIbp≈q.'1 hniZoIcn°m\mhmØ ss__nƒ kw`hßƒ ssZh\nth inXamb D]amIYIƒ am{XamsW∂pw Ncn{Xas√∂pw ]d™p c£s∏SpIbmWv B[p\nI ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ sNøp∂Xv. ChnsS {][m\s∏´ Hcp {]iv \ ap≠v . ss__nfn¬ Ncn{Xhpw D]aIfpw sFXnlyßfpsa√mw Ds≠¶n¬ Ch XΩn¬ th¿Xncn®p a\ nem°phm\p≈ am\ZWvUsa¥msW∂XmWv {]iv\w. ss__nfnsemcnSØpw C∂ IYIƒ Ncn{XamsWt∂m C∂ IYIƒ D]aIfmsWt∂m ]d™nń√. \S∂ kw`hßsf∂ \ne°p Xs∂bmWv ss__nfnse apgph≥ IYIfpw hnhcn°s∏Sp∂Xv . "tbm\'bpsS ]pkvXIØnse tbm\m {]hmNIs≥d IYbnsemcn SØpw AsXmcp D]abmsW∂p kqNn∏n®nń√. tbip{InkvXphS°w tbm\mbp-sS IY kw`hn®Xp Xs∂bmsW∂mbncp∂p hnizkn®n cp∂sX∂mWv ]pXnb \nbaØnse Nne {]kvXmh\Ifn¬ \n∂v a\ nemhp∂Xv . (aØmbn 12:39,- 4 0). hna¿i\mflI ss__nƒ ]T\coXn Bcw`n°p∂Xn\v apºv apgph≥ {InkvXym\nIfpw a\ nem °nbncp∂Xv tbm\mbpsS IYbS°w ss__nfn¬ hnhcn°s∏ń cn°p∂ kIe hnhcßfpw kXyk‘hpw Ncn{X]chpamsW ∂mbncp∂p. AXn¬ \n∂v hyXykvXambn Nne ss__nƒ IYIƒ D]amIYIƒ am{XamsW∂v ]dbptºmƒ AXn\p≈ ImcWw hyIvXamt°≠Xp≠v. ss__nfn¬ ]cma¿in°p∂ Nne IYIsf¶nepw tIhew D]amIYIfmsW∂v kΩXn°p∂ ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿ bYm¿∞Øn¬ ss__nƒ hniZoIcWßfpsS Ncn{X]cXtbbpw ssZh\nthi\sa∂ BibtØbpw JWvUn°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. Ncn{Xsa∂ \nebn¬ ss__nfn¬ hnhcn® Nne IYIƒ D]aIƒ am{XamsW¶n¬ a‰p Nneh \S∂hbmsW∂v ]dbm≥ F¥mWv 1. Reymond-E-Brown:Responses To 101 Questions On The Bible, Page 31.

151

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

sXfnhv ? ChnsS ss__nfn\v Xosc Ncn{X]cX AhImis∏Sm \mhns√∂ bmYm¿∞yamWv hyIvXamIp∂Xv. ss__nfns≥d hyXykvX ]pkvXIßƒ FgpXnbh¿ AhbpsS D≈S°w Ncn{XamsW∂ cq]Øn¬ Xs∂bmWv Ah FgpXnbn´p ≈sX∂v ss__nƒ Hcmh¿Øn hmbn°p∂ B¿°pw t_m[ys∏Spw. ssZhmfl{]tNmZnXambn´mWv ss__nfnse ]pkvXIßƒ cNn°s∏´Xv F∂mWt√m hnizmkw. Ncn{X]cambn sX‰mb ]cam¿ißƒ am{Xw ssZhmfl{]tNmZ\Øn¬ \n∂v thdn´hbm sW∂v ]dbm\mhn√. At∏mƒ ]cnip≤mflmhn\v `qXIme Ncn{Xadn bns√∂mWt√m CXn¬ \n∂v a\ nemt°≠Xv. ssZh\nthinXamWv ss__nƒ F∂p ]dbpIbpw AXn¬ Ncn{X]cambn IrXya√mØ {]kv X mh\Ifps≠∂p kΩXn°pIbpw sNøp∂h¿ ssZhw k¿h⁄\msW∂ BibsØ \ntj[n°pIbmWv bYm¿∞Øn¬ sNøp∂Xv. Ncn{Xsa∂ coXnbn¬ ss__nfn¬ {]Xn]mZn°s∏´n´p≈ Nne kw`hßsf¶nepw D]aIƒ am{XamsW∂v kΩXn°pIbpw ss__nƒ ssZh\nthinXamsW∂v hmZn°pIbpw sNøp∂h¿ ssZhsØ I≈w ]dbp∂h\m°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. CubSpØ Imew hscbp≈ ss__nƒ hymJymXm°sf√mw ss__nfn¬ {]Xn]mZn®hsb√mw bYm¿∞ kw`hßfmsW∂mWv IcpXnbXpw {]Ncn∏n®Xpw. D]amIYIƒ am{XamsW∂v Ct∏mƒ ]dbp∂ kw`hßƒ Ah bYm¿∞ kw`hßfmsW∂v tXm∂n∏n°p∂ XcØnemWv hnhcn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠mWt√m h n a ¿ i \ m fl I ] T \ c o X n h n I m k w { ] m ] n ° p ∂ X n \ v a p º v {InkvXym\nIsf√mw ss__nƒ A∏Sn Ncn{XamsW∂mWv hnizkn®p t]m∂Xv. Ign™ Ccp]Xp \q‰m≠pImeambn P\ßƒ A‘Xbnembncp∂psh∂v kmcw. ss__nƒ ssZh\nthinXam sW¶n¬ P\ßsf c≠p kl{km_v Z °mew A‘ImcØn¬ Ipcp°nbn´Xv ssZhamsW∂v ]dtb≠nhcpw.

Zm-\pw- A-{_lm-apw-:bm-t°m-_n-s≥-d- ]-{¥-≠v- ]p-{X-∑m-cn¬- H-cm-fp-sS- t]-cm-Wv- "Zm≥'.152

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

`m-cy-bm-b- dmtl-en-s≥-d- Zm-kn- _n¬-l-bn¬- bm-t°m-_n-\p-≠m-bH∂m-a-sØ- k¥-Xn.- (D¬-∏-Øn- 30:-1˛6)- Zm-\-n-s≥-d- ]p-{X-]m-c-º-cy-Øn\m-Wv- Zm≥- Ip-Spw-_w- F∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- (kw-Jy- 26:-42,-43)- F-{^-bowtKm-{XØn-\v sX-°pw- s^-en-kv-Xy- tZ-i-Øn-\v- h-S-°p-In-g-°p-ap-≈- HcpC-Sp-ßn-b- a-e-{ºtZ-i-am-bn-cp-∂p- B-Zy-Im-e-Øv- Cu- tKm{X-Ønt≥-dXm-bp≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.- Im-\m-\y-cp-sS- D-]-{Z-h-ßƒ- Im-c-W-w- Zm-\y-cn¬Nn-e¿- Z-£n-W- ]--e-kv-Xo-\n-ep-≈- X-ß-fp-sS- \m-Sp-t]-£n-®v- ]p-d-s∏-´vIm-\m-≥- tZ-i-Øn-s≥d- h-S-t°- AXn¿-Øn-bn-ep-≈ "te-tiw'- (te-boivF-∂pw- t]-cp-≠v-)- F-∂- {Km-aw- ]n-Sn-®-S-°n- A-Xn-\v- X-ß-fp-sS- ]n-Xmhm-b- Zm-\n-s≥-d- t]-cv- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- A-hn-sS- Ip-Sn-tb-dn∏m¿-°-p-I-bpwsN-bv-X-p.- C-°m-cyw- tbm--ip-h-bp-sS- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-XvIm-WpI- ""X-ß-fp-sS- tZ-iw- \-jv-S-s∏-´-t∏mƒ- Zm-\n-b¿- te-si-bn-s\Xn-sc- s]m-cp-Xn- A-Xv- ]n-Sn-®-S-°n;- hm-fn-∂n-c-bm-°-n- A-h¿- A-Xv- ssIh-i-am-°n- A-hn-sS- ]m¿-Øp.- Ah¿- tesi-an--∂v- Zm≥- F-∂v- t]-cp sIm-Sp-Øp-;- X-ß-fp-sS- ]q¿-∆n-I-\m-b- Zm-\n-s≥-d- t]-cv-'- (tbip-h- 19:47)C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- tam-si-bv-°pw- H-cp]m-Sv- Im-ew- I-gn-™m-Wv- Zm-≥- F∂t]-cn¬- H-cp- {]-tZ-i-ap-≠m-b-Xv- F-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- kp-X-cmw- hy-Iv-X-amWv.F-∂m¬- A-{_-lm-an-s≥-d- Im-e-Øp-X-s∂- Zm≥- F-∂- {]tZ-i-ap-≠mbn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- tXm-∂n-∏n-°p-∂- hy-Iv-X-amb- h-N-\-ßƒ- ss_-_n-fnep-≠v.- D¬-∏-Øn- ]p-kv-X-I-w- t\m-°p-I-:- “-k-tlm-Z-c- ]p-{X-s\- X-S-hpIm-c-\m-bn- sIm-≠p-t]m-b- hn-h-c-a-dn-™-t∏mƒ- A-{_l-mw- X-s≥-dho´n¬- ]n-d-∂-h-cpw- ]-cn-io-e-\w- t\-Sn-b-h-cp-am-b- ap-∂q-‰n- ]-Xn-s\-´vtbm-≤m-°-fp-am-bn- ]p-d-s]´v- i{Xp-hn-s\- Zm-≥-h-sc- ]n-¥p-S¿-∂p''- (D¬∏-Xn- 14:-14)A-{_m-l-an-s≥-d- Im-e-Øv- Zm-≥- F-∂- H-cp- {]-tZ-iw- X-s∂- \n-e-hnep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂m-Wv- ss_-_nƒ- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- ]n-s∂-sb-ßn-s\bmWv- A-{_-l-mw- Zm-\n-te-°v- t]m-hpI?- C-Xv- ss_-_n-fn-ep-≈- hy-IvX-am-b- N-cn-{X-ssh-cp-≤y-ß-fn-sem-∂m-sW-∂- I-m-cy-Øn¬- kw-i-b-sam∂p-an-√.-

cmw-sk-kpw- tbm-k-^-p-wC-{km-tb¬- kv-Ym-]n-®- c-≠v- kw-`-c-W-im-em- \-K-c-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v153

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

ss_-_nƒ- \ap°v- ]-d-™v- X-cp-∂p-≠v.- ]o-tYm-apw- c-mw-sk-kp-am-Wh.]p-d-∏m-Sv- ]p-kv-X-Iw- ]-d-bp-∂Xv- Im-Wp-I- ""A-t∏mƒ- A-h¿- I-Tn-\m[zm-\wsIm-≠v- C-{km-tb¬- P-\-ß-sf- ]oVn-∏n-°p-hm≥- I-¶m-Wn-IsfG¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.- C-ß-s\- ]o-tYmw,- cm-w-sk-kv- F-∂o- k-w-`-c-W-im-em- \-Kc-ßƒ- A-h¿- -^-tdm-thm-\p-th-≠n- \n¿-Ωn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp''- (]pd- 1:-11)Cu- c-≠v- \-K-c-ß-fpw- kv-Ym-]n-°-s∏-´Xv- cmw-sk-kv- c-≠m-a-s‚(_n.kn- 1279˛1212)- Im-e-Øm-Wv.- "c-mw-sk-k-v II F-∂- -^t-- dm-hm-bp-sSHm¿-Ω°m-bm-W-s{X- \-K-c-Øn-\v- Cu- t]-cv- \¬-I-s∏-´-Xv''- (tUm.- Un._m-_p-t]mƒ-:- th-Z-i-_-v Z- c-Xv-\m-I-cw-,- ]p-dw- 584).- “tbm-tk-^n-s\°p-dn-®v- A-dn-hn-√m-Ø- H-cp- ]p-X-n-b- cm-Pm-hm-bm-Wv- cm-w-sk-kn-s\- ss__nƒ- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.- "tbmtk-^n-s\-°p-dn-®v- A-dn-hn-√m-Xn-cp∂]pXnb- H-cp- cm-Pm-hv- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn¬- A-[n-Im-c-ta-‰p''- (]p-d- 1:-8)-sh-∂mWvcmw-sk-kn-s≥-d- A-[n-Im-cm-tcm-l-W-sØ-∏-‰n- ss_-_nƒ- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.tbm-tk-^n-\v- ti-jw- Ipsd- Im-ew-I-gn-™m-Wv- cmw-sk-kv- A-[n-Im-cta-‰-sX-∂¿-∞w.- Cu- cm-w-sk-kn-s≥-d-Im-e-Øv- \n¿-Ωn°-s∏-´-Xm-Wvcm-w-sk-kv- \-K-cw.- tbm-k-^n-s≥-d- Im-e-Øv- C-ß-s\-sbm-cp- \-K-c-ap≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂¿-∞w.F-∂m¬- D¬-]-Øn- ]p-kv-X-Iw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- Xn-I-®pwhn-cp-≤-am-b- kw-K-Xn-bm-Wv.- bmt°m-_n-\pw- ]p-{X-∑m¿-°pw-Iq-Sn- ^tdmh- b p- s S- \n¿- t ±- i - { ]- I m- c w- ssI- h - i w- s Im- S p- ° - s ∏- ´ - \- K - c - a m- W v cmwskkv- F-∂m-Wv- D¬-]-Øn- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-ep-≈-Xv.- “tbm-tk-^v- ]nXm-hn-s\-bpw- ktlm-Z-c-∑m-sc-bpw- Cu-Pn-]v-Xn¬- Ip-Sn-bn-cp-Øn.- CuPn]v-Xv- tZ-i-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- \√- {]-tZ-i-am-b- cmw-k-kv- tZ-i-Øv- ^tdmhm≥- I¬-]n-®-Xv- {]-Im-cw,- A-h¿-°v- ssI-h-im-h-Im-iw- sIm-S-p-Øp''(D¬-]-Øn- 47:-11)tbm-tk-^n-s≥-d- Im-e-Øv- cmw-sk-kv- \K-c-w-X-s∂bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.]n-s∂-sb-ß-s\-bm-Wv- cmw-sk-kv- \-K-c-Øn-s≥-d- ssI-h-im-h-Im-iwA-t±-lw- ]n-Xm-hn-\pw- k-tlm-Z-c-ßƒ-°pw- \¬-Ip-I?C-ß-s\- ss_- _n- f n¬- H- ´ - \- h- [n- A-_ -≤-ßƒ- \-ap-°v- Im-W m\mhpw.- Cu- A-_-≤-ß-sf- \ym-bo-I-cn-°p-hm-t\m- hym-Jym-\n-°p-hmt\mI-g-n-bm-sX- {]-bm-k-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv- ss_-_nƒ- ]-fi-n-X-∑m¿.154

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

tbipIYbpsS Ncn{X]cX tbiphns\°pdn®v kaImenIcmbncp∂ Ncn{XImc∑mscm∂pw tcJs∏SpØmØXn\m¬ Aßs\sbmcp hyIvXn Pohn®ncp ∂nt´bn√sb∂v hmZn°p∂ bpIvXnhmZnIfp≠v. tPmkn^kv F∂ bqZ Ncn{XImc≥ {InkvXphns\°pdn®v ]d™Xmbn {InkvXpaX {]NmcI∑m¿ D≤cn°mdps≠¶nepw {]kv X pX {]kv X mh\Iƒ tPmkn^kns≥d {KŸØn¬ Iq´nt®¿ØXmsW∂mWv hna¿iI¿ hmZn°p∂Xv. AXv F¥mbncp∂mepw, ss{IkvXhsc kw_\v[n®n StØmfw tbiphns≥d P\\w, {]t_m[\ßƒ, acWw, F∂nhsb °pdn®v Adnhp \¬Ip∂ {KŸßƒ \mep kphntijßfmWv . Jp¿B\n¬ tbiphns\°pdn®v Hcp]mSv Imcyßƒ ]dbp∂ps≠ ¶nepw ss{Ikv X h¿°v AXv AkzoImcyamWt√m. At∏mƒ tbiphns\°pdn®v ss{Ikv X hcpsS Adnhv kphntijßsf B{ibn®mWncn°p∂Xv . kphntijßƒ ssZh\nthinXßfmb Xn\m¬ Ah \¬Ip∂ hnhcßƒ \qdp iXam\w kXyk‘hpw kzoIcn°m≥ sIm≈p∂XpamsW∂mbncp∂p s]mXphmb ss{IkvXh ImgvN∏mSv. ss__nƒ \¬Ip∂ tbipNn{Xw Ncn{X ]chpw hkvXp\njvThpamsW∂mbncp∂p hnizmkw. ]pXnb \nbasØ°pdn® KthjWßƒ Cu ]cºcmKX [mcWbv ° v Cf°w X´n®n´p≠v . tbiphns≥d Ncn{Xhpambn _‘s∏´v kphntijI¿Øm°ƒ D≤cn°p∂ kw`hßfn¬ ]eXpw `mh\mkrjvSnbmsW∂mWv KthjI¿ A`n{]mbs∏Sp∂Xv. {Inkv X phns≥d inipIYbpambn _\v [ s∏´v kphntijßƒ hnhcn°p∂ Imcyßƒ F{XtØmfw Ncn{X]camsW∂v e`yamb sXfnhpIfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ {]KXv` ss__nƒ ]WvUnX\mb sdbva≠v˛C˛{_u¨ Xs≥d "aninlmbpsS P\\w' (The birth of Messiah) F∂ {K\v Y Øn¬ hniZambn ]cntim[n°p∂p≠v . ^mZ¿.{^m≥kn sImSnb≥, ^m.tPmkv amW∏dºn¬, ^m:h¿Kokv s]tc∏mS≥ XpSßnbh¿ tN¿∂v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXncn°p∂ 401 t]PpIfp≈ Cu ]pkv X IØns≥d aebmf ]cn`mj Aeqcnse _n_vfnb ]ªnt°j≥kv BWv {]kn≤oIcn®ncn°p∂Xv. Ccp]Xn tesd HWddn tUmIv‰td‰pIfp≈ Atacn°≥ ss__nƒ ]WvUnX 155

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

\mb sdbva≠v˛C˛{_u¨ hniZamb ]T\ßƒ°v tijw FØnt® cp∂ \nKa\ßƒ Cßs\ kwt£]n°mw. (1) aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw \¬Ip∂ tbiphns≥d hwimhen IrXya√. hcm\ncn°p∂ aninlm ZmhoZp hwiP\mbncn°psa ∂mbncp∂p blqZhnizmkw. tbip aninlbmsW¶n¬ ZmhoZv hwiP \mIWat√m. AXn\p th≠n ZmhoZns≥d hwimhenbn¬ tbiphns\ XncpIn°b‰n AhXcn∏n°pIbmWv kphntijI∑m¿ sNbvXncn °p∂Xv. "aØmbnbpw eq°mbpw Xcp∂ hwimhen IpSpw_Ønt≥d XmWv F∂ \nKa\sØ apIfn¬ I≠ {]iv\ßfpsS shfn®Øn¬ an° B[p\nI Nn¥Icpw X≈n°fbp∂p≠v. P\Iobambncp∂ ZmhoZv cmP]cºcbpsS A¥yØn¬, butk∏ns≥dbpw tbiphns≥d bpw t]cpIƒ Iq´nt®¿ØXmWv aØmbn \¬Ip∂ hwimhen; eqt°mbpsSXmIs´ butk∏ns≥d ]q¿∆nIcpsS IpSpw_]´nIbpw. CXmWv B[p\nI \nKa\w'1 (2) C{kmboens\ ^tdmhbn¬ \n∂p c£n® tamibpsS Ncn{XtØmSv kmays∏SpØns°m≠mWv aØmbn Xs≥d tbipIY \n¿an°p∂Xv. AXn\m¬ tbiphns≥d PohnXØn¬ kw`hn°mØ ]eXpw aØmbnbpsS tbipIYbnep≠v. 2 (3) ]gb\nbaØn¬ {]hNn°s∏´ {]hmNI\mWv tbipsh∂v hcpØnØo¿°p∂Xn\p th≠nbmWv aØmbn {ian®ncn°p∂Xv . AXn\m¬ ]gb\nba {]hN\ßƒ°\pkrXambn tbipIY sa\s™Sp°pIbmWv At±lw sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. 3 (4) tbip P\n® ImeL´Ønse apgph≥ tPyXnimkv { X tcJIfpw ]cntim[n®mepw aØmbn 2:1˛12¬ ]dbp∂ coXnbn¬ tbip P\\tØmS\p_\v[n®v s_Xvetlan\v apIfn¬ Hcp \£{Xw {]Xy£s∏´psh∂ hnhcWØn\v Dt]m¬_eIamb Hcp sXfnhpt]mepw e`n°pIbn√. ([qatIXp°ƒ, {KlßfpsS kwKaw, \hPmX\£{Xßƒ XpSßnbhsb°pdn® tPymXnimkv{X tcJIsf√mw sdbva≠v {_u¨ ]cntim[n°p∂p≠v). s_Xvetl an\p apIfn¬ tbiphns≥d P\\tØmS\p_\v[n®v Hcp \£{Xw 1. sdbva≠v˛C˛ {_u¨: aninlmbpsS P\\w ]pdw 43. 2. an-inlmbpsS P\\w ]pdw 59˛77. 3. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 74˛107. 156

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

{]Xy£s∏SpIbpw AXpI≠v ]uckvXy tZiØp \n∂v PvRm\nIƒ sltdmtZmkv cmPmhnt\mSv blqZ cmPmhns\°pdn®v At\zjn°pI bpw Aßs\ tbip P\n® kvYesØØnt®cpIbpw sNbvXpsh∂ IY aØmbn sa\s™SpØXmWv. AXv Ncn{X]ca√. 1 Cu IY Ncn{X]cas√∂Xn\v a‰p ]pXnb\nba `mKßfpw sXfnhp \¬Ip∂psh∂mWv sdbva≠v {_u¨ ]dbp∂Xv. At±lw FgpXp∂p: "aØmbn c≠ma[ymba\pkcn®v ⁄m\nIƒ tltdmtZmkns\ kµ¿in®t∏mgmWv At±lhpw {][m\]ptcm lnX∑mcpw {]oi∑mcpsa√mw bqZcpsS cmPmhns≥d P\\sØ∏‰n Adn™Xv. Pdqkew apgph≥ B kw`hsØ kw_\v[n®v AkzkvY amhpIbpw sNbvXp. F∂n´pt]mepw tbip Xs≥d ]ckyip{iqj Bcw`n®t∏mƒ AhnSpsØ∏‰n B¿s°¶nepw Imcyamb Adnthm ]dbØ° {]Xo£Itfm D≠mbncp∂Xmbn ImWp∂n√. (aØmbn 13:54˛56) sltdmtZmkns≥d aI≥ A¥n∏mkn\mIs´ tbiphns\∏‰n bmsXmcp hnhchp≠mbncp∂n√. (eqt°mkv 8:7˛9). eqt°mkns≥d kphntijØn¬ kv \ m]I tbml∂ms≥d AΩbmb Genim tbiphns≥d AΩbmb adnbØns≥d _‘phmWv. X∑qew AhcpsS Ip´nIƒ XΩnepw _‘ap≠t√m. CsX√mambn´pw ]ckyip{iqjm ImeØv tbiphpw kv \ m]Itbml∂m\pw _\v [ °mcmsW∂ Xns\∏‰n Hcp kqN\bpw kphntijØnen√. t]msc¶n¬ tbml∂m≥ 1:33 ¬ kv\m]I≥ ""Rm≥ Ahs\ Adn™ncp∂n√'' F∂p ]dbp∂p≠v . ssiih hnhcWßfpsS Ncn{X]cXsb∏‰n kwibapW¿Øp∂ kphntij `mKßfn¬ NneXpam{XamWnh'.2 (5) tbip P\n®Xv bYm¿∞Øn¬ s_Xvetlane√. ZmhoZns≥d ]p{X\mb aninl s_Xv e tlanemWv P\n°pIsb∂ blqZ ]mcºcyØn\\pkrXambn tbipIY sa\s™SpØ aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw s_XvetlanemWv tbip P\n®sX∂v hcpØn Øo¿°pIbmWv sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. "blqZ Nn¥b\pkcn®v ZmhoZmXvaP\mb aninlm ZmhoZns≥d ]´Wamb s_Xvetlan¬ P\n°Ww. AXn\m¬ Cutim P\n®Xv s_XvetlanemWv F∂ IY sa\s™SpØp' 1 1. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 109˛131. 2. Reymond-E-Brown:Responses To 101 Questions On The Bible Page 79.

157

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

"c≠maXmbn, a‰p ]pXnb \nba`mKßƒ CutimbpsS P\\ kv Y ew t_Xv e tlamsW∂Xn¬ \n»_v Z amsW∂p am{Xa√ \{kØpw Keoenbpw BWv CtimbpsS kz¥w ]´Wsa∂Xn\v sXfnhpIfpap≠v. Ahs≥d ""kz¥w ]´Ww'' (his patris) Cu ]Zw aØmbnbpw eq°mbpw D]tbmKn°p∂Xv Cutim P\n®Xv _Xvetl anemsW∂v Ah¿ Dd∏n®®p ]d™ncn°p∂Xn\m¬, Cutim hf¿∂ kvYesØ Dt±in®mWv (aØmbn 22˛34, eqt°m 2:51). am¿t°mkn¬ \n∂mWv (6:1,4) Ch¿°v Cu hnhcw e`n®Xv F∂p≈Xn\mepw a¿t°mkn\v t_Xvetlans\°pdn®v H∂pw ]dbm\pan√mØXn\mepw Ahs≥d kz¥w ]´Ww \kvdØv Abncn°Ww. Cutim P\n®Xv Keoenbbnembncn°pw.... \memasØ kphntijØn¬ (1:46, 7:41˛42;52) CusimbpsS Kmenteb≥ P\\sØ°pdn®v kqN\ Ifpap≠v'-.2 (6) temIamkIeap≈ P\ßfpsS t]cv FgpXnt®¿°Ww F∂v AKkv‰kv kokdns≥d I¬]\b\pkcn®v tbmtk^pw adnbbpw s_Xvetlante°v t]mbt∏mgmWv tbip P\n®sX∂mWv eqt°mkns≥d kphntijw c≠mw A[ymbØn¬ ]dbp∂Xv. CXv Ncn{X]cambn icnb√. AKkv‰kv kokdpsS ImeØv temIhym ]Iamb IWs°Sps∏m∂pw \S∂n´n√. Izco\nbkns≥d ImeØv bqZmbnep≠mb IWs°Sp∏v (\kv t dmØv AXn¬s∏Sp∂n√) sltdmtZmkv acn®v ]ØpsIm√ßƒ°p tijamWv \S∂Xv . At∏mtg°pw tbip P\n®n´p≠mbncn°Ww.3 tbiphns≥d P\\sØ AXn\v sIm√ßƒ°p apºp \S∂ IWs°Sp∏pambn tbmPn∏n°p IbmWv eqt°mkv sNbvXncn°p∂Xv.4 sdbva≠v {_u¨ FgpXp∂p: "alm\mb tlmtcmtZmkns≥d ImeØv ]mekvXo\mbn¬ Iznco\nbq kns≥d Iogn¬ tdma≥ sk≥kkv \S∂p F∂p hnizkn°m≥ KuchXcamb ImcWßfn√. eqt°m 1 se hnhcw icnbmbncn°mw. alm\mb sltdmtZmkns≥d Imebfhn¬ Cutim P\n®p. F∂m¬ 1. aninlmbpsS P\\w ]pdw 357. 2. aninlmbpsS P\\w. ]pdw 359. 3. AKkv‰kv kokdptSbpw Izco\nbkns≥dbpw P\kwJym tiJcsØs∏‰nbp≈ e`yamb F√m tcJIfpw sdbva≠v ˛C˛{_uWns≥d ]cntim[\°v ]m{Xamhp∂p≠v. 4. aninlmbpsS P\\w ]pdw 383˛359. 158

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

A.D 6-7 ¬ Izco\nbqkns≥d Iogn¬ bqZmbn¬ (Keoenbne√) \∂ sk≥kkpambn s]mcpØs∏SpØnb eqt°mbpsS hnhcw AhnsS A.D.30Ifn¬ (CutimbpsS acWØn\v tijw) Kamentb¬ \SØp∂ {]kwKØn¬ sXhpZmkns≥d (Thevudas) Dbn¿sØgp t∂¬∏ns\∏‰n ]cma¿in°p∂p. F∂meXv Kamenbens≥d {]kwKØn\p 10 h¿jßƒ°p tijhpw \S∂n√. sXhpZmkn\p tijw Kmenteb\mb bqZmkns≥d (A.D 6-7) sk≥kkpw Dbo¿sØgpt∂¬]pambn eq°m sX‰≤cn®Xmhmw'1 tbiphns≥d P\\hpw ssiihImehpambn _\v[s∏´p sIm≠v aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw ]dbp∂ Imcyßsfm∂pw Ncn{X]c as√∂pw kphntijI∑mcpsS `mh\mkrjv S nIfm sW∂pamWv B[p\nI ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ {]apJ\mb sdbv a ≠v ˛C˛{_u¨ sXfnhpIfpsS ASnkv Y m\Øn¬ kv Y m]n°p∂Xv . kphntijI¿ XßfpsS `mh\bn¬ tXm∂nb Imcyßƒ tbip IYtbmSp _‘s∏SpØns°m≠v Ncn{Xsa∂ \ne°v AhXcn∏n s®∂pw P\ßsf sX‰≤cn∏ns®∂pamWt√m CXn¬ \n∂pw a\ nemt°≠Xv . ssiihIme hnhcWßfpsS ImcyØn¬ am{XamtWm CXv kw`hn®ncn°p∂Xv ? Aßs\ IcpXpI hø. blqZ∑m¿ {]Xo£n®ncn°p∂ aninlm tbiphmsW∂v hcpØn Øo¿°p∂Xn\v th≠n ssiihIme hnhcWßfn¬ Ir{XnaXzw ImWn® kphntijI∑m¿, tbiphns≥d PohnXtØbpw {]t_m[\ßsfbpw acWsØbpsa√mw Ipdn® hnhcWßfn¬ XßfpsS C—°\pkcn®v an\p°p ]WnIƒ \SØnbn´n√ F∂Xn\v F¥msWmcpd∏v? ZnhymXv`pXßfmbn kphntijßƒ hnhcn®h t]mepw \qdpiXam\w Ncn{X]cambns°m≈Wsa∂n√sb∂mWv sdbv a ≠v {_uWns≥d A`n{]mbw. "tbiphns≥d ZnhymXv ` pX ßsf∏‰nbp≈ ]mcºcyw B[nImcnIamsW∂ncn°nepw kphntij {KŸßfnep≈ Hmtcm ZnhymXv`pXhpw A£cm¿∞Øn¬ Ncn{X]c ambns°m≈Wsa∂n√'2 CXn¬ \n∂v Hcp Imcyw kpXcmw hyIvXamWv. tbiphns\°pdn®v kXyk\v [ amb hnhcßƒ e`n°phm≥ kphntijßsf am{Xw 1. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 389. 2. Reymond-E-Brown:Responses To 101 Questions On The Bible Page 67.

159

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

B{ibn®n´v -êan√. Ahbnse hnhcßƒ kXyhpw AkXyhpw IqSn°e¿∂ \nebnemWp≈Xv . XßfpsS `mh\°\pkrXambn Hmtcm kphntijI\pw tbipIY sa\s™Sp°pIbmWv sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. Ahbn¬ \n∂v kXyw NnIs™Sp°pI AXoh ZpjvIcamWv. ss__nƒ ssZh\nthinXamsW∂ ]cºcmKX ss{Ikv X h hnizmkamWv ChnsS ho≠pw {]Xn°qń¬ \n¬°p∂Xv. tbiphns\°pdn®v t]mepw kXyk\v [ amb Ncn{XhnhcWw \¬Im≥ Ign bmØ H c p {K \vYw ssZh \ nth inX am sW ∂ v ]dbp∂Xn¬ F¥¿∞amWp≈Xv ? ssZh\nthi\ØnepsSbmWv ss__nƒ cNn°s∏ń´p≈sX¶n¬ kphntijI∑m¿ XßfpsS `mh\°\pkrXambn sa\s™SpØ IYIfpsS cN\bpw ssZh\nthinXamIWat√m? B IYIƒ Ign™ c≠p kl{km _v Z ßfmbn ss{Ikv X h¿ kXyamsW∂ \nebv ° v ]Tn°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂p. hna¿i\mflI ss__nƒ ]T\amWv Ah Ncn{X]cas√∂ hkvXpX \ap°v a\ nem°nØ∂Xv. tbip Ncn{X sØ°pdn®v Cu A_≤[mcWIƒ \q‰m≠pIfmbn ss{Ikv X h kaqlØn¬ \ne\n¬°m≥ ImcWw ssZhmXvamhmsW∂v kΩXn °pIbmbncn°pw ss__nƒ ssZh\nthinXamsW∂v ]dbp∂Xn s≥d -êw. c≠v kl{km_vZ°mew Hcp henb P\kaqlsØ sX‰n≤cn∏n°m≥ {ian®Xv ssZhamIptam? ssZhw a\pjysc kXy Ønte°pw kmØm≥ AkXyØnte°pw \bn°psa∂mWt√m ss{Ikv X h hnizmkw. At∏mƒ C°mea{Xbpw ss{Ikv X hsc AkXyØneqsS \bn®Xv ˛ C∂pw \bn®psIm≠ncn°p∂Xv - ˛ BcmWv?

]Xns\m∂v ss__nƒ ssZh\nthin

ss__nfnse sshcp[yßƒ-

XamsW∂ hmZØn\v t\cntS≠ as‰mcp {][m\s∏´ {]iv\amWv ss__nfnse sshcp[yßƒ. ]gb\nba ]pkvXIßƒ ]e ImeØmbn ]e {KŸImc∑mcm¬ FgpXs∏´XmWv. AXp sIm≠v Xs∂ Ahbnse kw`hhnhcWßƒ XΩn¬ Iptd sshcp≤yßfp≠v. Cu sshcp≤yßƒ ss__nfns≥d BibsØ _m[n°pI bns√∂v ]d™v kam[m\n°pIbmWv ss__nƒ hymJymXm°ƒ sNøp∂Xv. Cu hmZw icnbmbncn°mw. ss__nfns≥d hyXykvX ]pkvXIßfnep≈ ]cma¿ißƒ XΩnep≈ sshcp≤yw AXns≥d samØamb BibsØ _m[n°pIbn√mbncn°mw. F∂m¬ ss__nfns≥d hnizk\obXsbbpw AXv ssZh\nthinXamWv F∂ AhImihmZsØbpw CXv XI¿°p∂psh∂XmWv hmkvXhw.

]gb \nbaØnse sshcp≤yßƒ ]gb \nbaØnse GXm\pw sshcp≤yßƒ ImWpI:

160

161

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

ssZhtam sNIpØmt\m? 2 imapth¬ 24:1 "ho≠pw I¿Ømhns≥d tIm]w C{kmboen\p t\sc Pzen®p. "t]mIq; C{kmboens≥dbpw blqZmbptSbpw P\kwJy sbSp°pI' F∂p ]d™p ZmhoZns\ AhcpsS t\sc Ah≥ Cf°nhn´p'. 1 Zn\hrØm¥w 21:1

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

1700Hm 7000Hm ? 2 imapth¬ 8:4 "BbncsØgp∂qdp IpXnc∏SbmfnIsfbpw Ccp]Xn\mbncw Imemƒ ]SbmfnIsfbpw ZmhoZv Abmfn¬ \n∂p ]nSns®SpØp'. 1 Zn\hrØm¥w 18:4 "Abmfn¬ \n∂v Bbncw cYhpw Ggmbncw IpXnc∏Sbmfn Isfbpw Ccp]Xn\mbncw Imemƒ ]SbmfnIsfbpw ZmhoZv ]nSns®SpØp'.

"kmØm≥ C{kmboen∂v FXncmbn Xncn™v, C{kmtbens≥d P\kwJysbSp°m≥ ZmhoZns\ t{]cn∏n®p'

22Hm 42Hm? 2 cmPm°∑m¿ 8:26

700Hm 7000Hm ?

"sbtlmdmans≥d ]p{X≥ Alkymhv `cWw XpSßn. `cWw XpSßptºmƒ Abmƒ°v Ccp]Ønc≠p hb mbncp∂p.'

IpXnc∏SbmfnItfm Imemƒ∏SbmfnItfm ? 2 Zn\hrØm¥w 22:2 2 imapth¬ 10:18 "C{kmtens≥d apºn¬ \n∂v kndnb°m¿ HmSn. kndnb°mcn¬ Fgp∂qdp tXcmfnIsfbpw \m¬]Xn\mbncw IpXnc∏Sbmfn Isfbpw ZmhoZv h[n®p. tk\m\mbI\mb tim_In\p apdnth‰p. Aßs\ Abmƒ AhnsS sh®pacn®p'.

"sbtlmdmans≥d ]p{X≥ Alkymhv `cWw \SØn. `cWw XpSßptºmƒ Abmƒ°v \¬]Ønc≠p hb mbncp∂p'.

18Hm 8Hm ? 2 cmPm°∑m¿ 24:8

1 Zn\hrØm¥w 19:18 "C{kmtbens≥d apºn¬ \n∂v kndnb°m¿ HmSn. ZmhoZv kndnb°mcn¬ Ggmbncw tXcmfnIsfbpw \m¬]Xn\mbncw Imemƒ ]SbmfnIsfbpw h[n®p. AhcpsS tk\m\mbI\mb tim^nIns\bpw ZmhoZv sIm∂p'.

162

"cmPmhmIptºmƒ sbtlmbmIo∂p ]Xns\´p hb mbncp∂p. Abmƒ aq∂p amkw sPdpitean¬ `cWw \SØn'. 2 Zn\hrØm¥w 36: 9 "`cWw XpSßptºmƒ sbtlmbmIo∂v F´p hb mbncp∂p. Abmƒ aq∂p amkhpw ]Øp Znhkhpw sPdpitean¬ `cWw \SØn'. 163

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

2000Hm 3000Hm ? 1 cmPm°∑m¿ 7:26 "AXns≥d h°v ]m\]m{XØns≥d h°pt]mse en√n ]pjv ] mIrXnbnembncp∂p. AXn¬ c≠mbncw _Øv sh≈w sIm≈pw' 2 Zn\hrØm¥w 4:5 "AXns≥d h°v ]m\]m{XØns≥d h°pt]mse en√n ]pjv]mIr Xnbnembncp∂p. AXn¬ aqhmbncnØntesd _Øv sh≈w sIm≈pw.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Bkm ]qPmKncnIƒ \o°ntbm C√tbm? 2 Zn\hrØm¥w 14:2˛5 Bkm Xs≥d ssZhamb I¿Ømhns≥d ZrjvSnbn¬ \√Xpw icnbmbXpw sNbvXp. Abmƒ A\y _en]oTßfpw ]qPmKncnIfpw \o°n If™p. kvXw`ßƒ DS®v If™p. Atid {]XnjvTIƒ sh´nhogvØn. blqZmtbmSv AhcpsS ]nXm°∑mcpsS ssZhamb I¿Ømhns\ At\zjn°m\pw \nbaßfpw I¬]\Ifpw ]men°m\pw Abmƒ I¬]n®p. 2 Zn\hrØm¥w 15:17, 18 Bkm ]qPmKncnIƒ C{kmtben¬ \n∂p \o°n°f™n√.

aIpSØns≥d Dbcw aq∂p apgtam A©p apgtam 4000Hm 40,000Hm 1 cmPm°∑m¿ 4:26 "tkmfan\v Xs≥d cYßfn¬ sI´m\p≈ IpXncIƒ°mbn \m¬]Xn\mbncw embßƒ D≠mbncp∂p.' 2 Zn\hrØm¥w 9:25

2 cmPm°∑m¿ 25:17 aIpSØns≥d Dbcw aq∂p apgw. bnscay 52:22 aIpSØns≥d Dbcw A©p apgw.

BZo\v F{X ]p{X∑m¿

"IpXncIƒ°pw cYßƒ°pambn \membncw embßfpw ]¥ocmbncw IpXnc°mcpw tkmfa\p≠mbncp∂p'.

F{km 2:15 \m\q‰ºØn\mev

40Hm 150 Hm?

s\lay 7:20 Adp\q‰ºØ©v

D¬]Øn 7:17 "`qanbn¬ \m¬]Xv Znhkw Pe{]fbambncp∂p' D¬]Øn 7:24 "\q‰ºXp ZnhktØ°v `qanbn¬ sh≈s∏m°w XpS¿∂p'

164

AtZm\n°man\v F{X ]p{X∑m¿? F{km 2:13 Adp\q‰dp]Ømdv s\lay 7:18 Adq\q‰dp]tØgv

165

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Bdln\v F{X ]p{X∑m¿ ? F{k 2:5 Fgp\qs‰gp]Ø©v s\lay 7:10 Adp\q‰ºØnc≠v

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

_nKzmbn°v F{X ]p{X∑m¿? F{km 2:14 c≠mbncØºØmdv s\l 7:19 c≠mbncØdp]tØgv

Bkm^ns≥d ]p{X∑m¿ F{X? F{km 2:41

AamkmbpsS ]nXmhv BcmWv?

\q‰ncp]sØ´v

2 imapth¬ 17:25

s\lay 7:44

bn{Xm

\q‰n\m¬]sØ´v

1 Zn\hrØm¥w 2:17 A_nKmbn¬

t__mbn°v F{X ]p{X∑m¿ ? F{km 2:11 Adp\q‰ncp]Ønaq∂v s\l 7:16 Adp\q‰ncp]sØ´v

t_kmbn°v F{X ]p{X∑m¿? F{km 2:17 ap∂q‰ncp]Ønaq∂v s\l 7:23

ZmhoZv hyXnNen®pthm? 2imap 24:10.11 P\kwJysbSpØp Ign™t∏mƒ ZmhoZn\v lZbhyY D≠mbn. ZmhoZv I¿Ømhnt\mSv ]d™p. "Fs≥d {]hrØn alm]m] ambnt∏mbn. ]s£, I¿Ømsh, \ns≥d Zmks≥d A]cm[w £Wnt°Wta F∂v Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ bmNn°p∂p. Rm≥ henb t`mjØamWv Im´nbXv. 1. cmPm°∑m¿ 15:5 lnØnb\mb DudnbmbpsS ImcyØnsemgnsI as‰m∂nepw Abmƒ kzPohnXImesØmcn°epw I¿Ømhns≥d I¬]\Ifn¬ \n∂v hyXnNen®n´n√.

ap∂q‰ncp]Øn\mev Cßs\ Hcp]mSv sshcp≤yßƒ ]gb\nba ]pkvXIßfn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbpw. A°ßƒ XΩnep≈ sshcp≤yßƒ a\ nem 166

167

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

°m≥ Ffp∏amsW∂Xn\memWv Ah D≤cn®Xv . CXv t]mse Ncn{XmJym\Ønepw hniZoIcWØnepsa√mw Ip- s d- b - [ n- I wsshcp≤yßƒ ]gb\nbaØnse hyXykvX ]pkvXIßfnep≠v.

]pXnb\nbaØnse sshcp≤yßƒ tbiphns\°pdn®v hnhcn°p∂ ]pXnb\nba{KŸßfn seØptºmƒ Cu sshcp≤yßƒ Iptd°qSn hyIvXambn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. kwlnX kphntijßƒ s]mXpsh tbiphns\°pdn®v Htc cq]Ønep≈ Nn{XamWv AhXcn∏n°p∂sX¶nepw Ah XΩnepw Hcp]mSv hyXymkßfp≠v.

P\\IYbnse sshcp≤yßƒ tbiphns≥d P\\sØ°pdn®v aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw ]d™ IYIƒ Xs∂ XmcXay]T\Øn\v hnt[bam°nbm¬ Ipsd sshcp≤yßƒ ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ss__nƒ ]WvUnX\mb sdbva≠v ˛C˛{_u¨ FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI:"aØmbnbpw eq°mbpw \¬Ip∂ hnhcWßƒ, Htc Bfn¬ \n∂v hcp∂hbmsW∂v hn`mh\w sNøm\mhØ hn[w A{Xtbsd ]q¿Wambpw hyXykvXßfmWv. Im¬]\nI kz`mh°mcmb Nne ]WvUnX∑m¿ aØmbn \¬Ip∂ hnhcWØns≥d DdhnSw tbmk^msW∂pw, eqt°mkns≥d hnhcWØnt≥dXv adnbbmsW∂pw \n¿t±in®n´p≠v. AXns\Xnsc ISpØXpw AtXkabw \¿akp`Khpamb Hcp adptNmZyw tNmZn°mw. Aßs\sb¶n¬ tbmk^pw adnbbpw XΩn¬ an≠m´w Xoscbn√mXncn°Wat√m? Fs¥∂m¬, Htc kw`hsØ∏‰nbp≈ AhcpsS Hm¿aIƒ XΩn¬ A{Xtbsd A¥cap≈Xmbn°mWp∂p'1 Cu c≠p kphntijßfnepw {]Xn]mZn°s∏´n´p≈ tbiphns≥d ssiihIme hnhcWßsf∏‰n At±lw FgpXp∂p: " aØmbnbpsS hnhcWØn¬ tbmk-^pw adnbbpw _XvetlanemWv ]m¿°p∂Xv. 1. Reymond-E-Brown:Responses To 101 Questions On The Bible Page 77.

168

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

AhnsS Ah¿°pw kz¥w hoSp≠v. (2:11). iniphn\v GItZiw c≠p hb mIp∂Xphsc Ah¿ _Xv e tlan¬ hkn°p∂p (2:16). CuPn]vXnte°p≈ Hfnt®m´Øn\p tijw Ah¿°p kztZitØ°p aSßnt∏mIphm≥ km[n°mØXns≥d GIImcWw sltd- m tZm kns≥d ]p{Xs\∏‰nbp≈ AhcpsS `b∏mSmWv. AXpsIm≠v Ah¿ \-{kØv F∂p t]cp≈ ]´WØnte°p t]mIp∂p. apsºmcn°epw Ah¿ AhnsS ]m¿Ønń√ Xm\pw (2:22˛23). adnbhpw tbmk^pw \kvdØn¬ Xmakn®p hcth It\jpamcn {]amWn®v _Xvetlan te°v bm{X Xncn°p∂Xmbn eq°m ]dbp∂p (1:26, 2:4). Ipń P\n® tijw am¿Kat[y Pdqktean¬ Xßnbn´v DS≥ Xs∂ Ah¿ \{kØnte°p aSßn AhnsS ]m¿°p∂p (2:39). ]ndhn°p tijw IpSpw_w c≠psIm√°mew Pdqktean¬ ]m¿ØtXm, ⁄m\nIƒ Pdqkteanepw _Xvetlanepw hs∂ØnbXns≥d kzm`mhnIamb H®∏mtSm, _Xvetlan¬ \S∂ Iq´s°metbm, CuPn]vXnte°p≈ ]emb\tam H∂pw eqt°mkv ]cma¿in°p∂n√. _Xvetlan¬ \n∂v Pdqktew hgn \{kØnte°p≈ im¥amb aS°bm{Xsb∏‰n eqt°mkv \¬Ip∂ hnhcWØn¬ AØcw òIcm\p`hßsf ∏ ‰ n t b m Cu P n ] v ‰ n t e ° p ≈ b m { X s b ∏ ‰ n t b m ] d b p ∂ n √ . aØmbnbmIs´ It\jpamcn°W°ns\ ]cma¿in°pt∂bn√. aØmbn hnhcn°p∂ kw`hßfpsS s]mXphmb A¥co£w eqt°mkns≥dXn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw hyXykvXamWv. 1

hwimhenbnse sshcp≤yw tbiphns≥d ssiihIme hnhcWØn¬ aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw F{XtØmfw sshcp≤yw ]pe¿Øp∂ps≠∂v Ffp∏Øn¬ a\ nem°phm≥ Ch¿ c≠pt]cpw D≤cn®ncn°p∂ tbiphns≥d hwimhenbnep≈ sshcp≤yßƒ t\m°nbm¬ aXn. aØmbnbpsS kphntijØns≥d XpS°Ønepw (1:1˛16) eqt°mkns≥d kphntijØns≥d aq∂mw A[ymbØnepw (3:23˛38) 1. Ibid Page 77-78.

169

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

tbiphns≥d hwimhen sImSpØn´p≠v. c≠pt]cpw tbip P\n®Xv ZmhoZns≥d ]p{X]mcºcyØnemsW∂v kvYm]n°phm≥ th≠nbmWv {ian®ncn°p∂Xv . ]t£, c≠pt]cpw \¬Ip∂ hwimhen XnI®pw hncp≤amWv . AXn∂p ImcWw aØmbn, ZmhoZns≥d aI\mb ietams≥d ]p{X]cºcbnepw eqt°mkv ZmhoZns≥d aI\mb \mYms≥d ]p{X]mcºcyØnepw tbiphns\ {]XnjvTn°m≥ ]cn{ian®XmWv. c≠p t]cpw \¬Ip∂ hwimhen {i≤n°pI: aØmbn 1:6˛16 1. ZmhoZv 2. ietam≥ 3. cl_ymw 4. B_obmhv 5. Bk 6. tbmim^mØv 7.tbmdmw 8.D nbmhv 9. tbmYmw 10. Blmkv 11. lnkvInbmhv 12. a\s» 13. Btamkv 14 tbminbmhv 15. sbmsJm\ymhv 16. ib¬Øntb¬ 17. skcp∫mt_¬ 18. A_olqZv 19. F¬bm°ow 20. Btkm¿ 170

21. kmtZm°v 22. BJow 23. FeolpZv 24. Fenbmk¿ 25. a∞m≥ 26. bmt°m_v 27.tbmtk^v 28. tbip

eqt°mkv 3:23˛31 1.ZmhoZv 2. \mYm≥ 3. aØY 4. sa∂ 5. saeymhv 6. Feym°ow 7. tbm\mw 8. tbmtk^v 9.blqZm 10 intaym≥

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

11.tehn 12. a∞mØv 13. tbmcnw 14. Genbmk¿ 15. tbmip 16. tb¿ 17. F¬amZmw 18. tImkmw 19. A±n 20. sa¬°n 21. t\cn

22. ieYntb¬ 23. kmcm_mt_¬ 24. tck 25. tbml∂m≥ 26.tbmZ 27. tbmtk^v 28. siabn 29. aØtYmkv 30.abmØv 31.\»mbn 32.F n

33. \mlqw 34.Btamkv 35. aØtYymkv 36. tbmtk^v 37. b∂m\n 38. sa¬°n 39. tehn 40 a∞mØv 41. tlen 42. tbmk^v 43 tbip

tbiphns≥d hwimhensb°pdn® hnhcWØnse sshcp≤yw Nq≠nImWn®psIm≠v sdbv a ≠v C.{_u¨ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "tbiphns≥d hwimhensb∏‰n aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw \¬Ip∂ hnhcWßƒ XΩn¬ s]mcpØan√. Hmtcm hnhcWØn-epw henb {]iv\ ßƒ Hfn™ncn∏p≠v. H∂ns\ Ncn{X]csa∂pw as‰Xns\ {]XoImXvaIsa∂pw hntijn∏n°pI ZpjvIcamsW∂v AwKoIcn°p ∂Xv AXncpIhn™ ktµlhmZsam∂pa√'1 hwimhensb°pdn® hnhcWØn¬ C{Xam{Xw sshcp≤yßfp ≠mIphm\p≈ ImcWsa¥mWv? ZmhoZns≥d ]p{X]cºcbnemWv aninlbpsS BKa\ap≠mIpIsb∂ Hcp ]cºcmKX hnizmkw blqZ∑m¿°nSbnep≠mbncp∂p. Cu aninlbmWv tbipsh∂v kvY]n°phm≥ th≠nbmWv aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw ]cn{ian®ncn °p∂Xv. "Ahs≥d ]nXmhmb ZmhoZns≥d knwlmk\w Ah∂p \¬Ipw (eqt°mkv 1:32) F∂v amemJ tbiphns≥d amXmhmb adnbØnt\mSv ]d™Xmbn eqt°mkv D≤cn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. CXp {]Imcw tbip P\n®Xv ZmhoZns≥d ]p{X]mcºcyØnemsW∂v 1.Ibid Page 80.

171

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hcpØnØo¿Øv At±lw aninlbmsW∂v kvYm]n°phm≥ th≠nbmWv aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw ]mSps]Sp∂Xv. CXp kv Y m]n°phm≥ aØmbn D]tbmKn®Xv ZmhoZns≥d ]p{X\mb ietams≥d ]p{X∑mcpsS ]ńIbpw eqt°mkv D]tbmKn®Xv \mYms≥d ]p{X∑mcpsS ]ńIbpamWv . ietams≥d Ccp]Øn \memasØ Xeapdbn¬s]´ bmt°m_ns\ aØmbn tbmk^ns≥d ]nXmhmbn AhXcn∏n®p. eqt°mkmIs´, \mYms≥d ap∏Øn H≥]XmasØ Xeapdbnep≈ tlensb tbmk^ns≥d ]nXmhmbpw AhXcn∏n®p. AXpsIm≠mWv hwimhenIƒ XΩn¬ C{Xtbsd sshcp≤yßfp≠mbXv. aØmbnbpsSbpw eqt°mkns≥dbpw kphntijßƒ {]Zm\w sNøp∂ hwimhenIƒ XΩnep≈ sshcp≤yw F°meL ´Øntebpw ss__nƒ hymJymXm°ƒ°v XethZbp≠m°n bn´p≈XmWv. "sshcp≤yßfnte°√, C{kmtbens≥d c£Is\∂ blqZ k¶¬]w ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv tbiphnemsW∂ kphntijI∑mcpsS ktµißfnte°mWv \mw {i≤ sNep tØ≠Xv1 F∂p ]dbpIbmWv s]mXpsh ]WvUnX∑m¿ sNbvXp t]m∂n´p≈Xv. F∂m¬ Nne kphntijI∑m¿ Zp¿\ymbßfneqsS Cu sshcp≤ysØ \ymboIcn°m≥ {ian°mdp≠v. AXnßs\bmWv: "aØmbn tbiphns≥d ]nXmhmbn IcpXs∏ńcp∂ tbmk^ns≥dbpw eqt°mkv tbiphns≥d amXmhmb adnbØns≥dbpw hwimhenbmWv ]d™ncn°p∂Xv. eqt°mkv ]d™ tlen adnbØns≥d ]nXmhmWv. tlenbpsS PmamXmhmb tbmk-^ns\°pdn®v ]p{Xs\∂p ]d™psh∂p am{Xsabp≈p. bmYm¿∞Øn¬ tbmk^ns≥d ]nXmhv bmt°m_mWv'2 CXv ASnkv Y m\clnXamb Hcp \ymboIcWØn¬ Ihn™v as‰m∂pa√. eqt°mkns≥d kphntijØn¬ hwimhen hnhcn®n SØv adnbbpsS t]cp t]mepw ]cma¿in°s∏ńń√. am{Xhpa√, kphntijßfpsStbm at‰sX¶nepw {KŸßfpsStbm ]n¥pW Cu hmZØn\n√. adnbbpsS hwimhenbmWv eqt°mkv hnhcn°p∂ 1. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 336. 2. See John Gilchrist: The Textual History Of The Qur'an And The Bible. Page 43-46.

172

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

sX¶n¬ AXp t\¿°pt\sc ]dbp∂Xn¬ \n∂v At±lsØ XS™p \n¿ØnbXv F¥msW∂ tNmZyØn\v Xr]v X nIcamb adp]Sn \¬Im≥ Cu hmZØns≥d hIv X m°ƒs°m∂pw Ign™n´n√. {]KXv`cmb ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑msc√mw Cu hmZsØ XnckvI cn°pIbmWv sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw hnhcn°p∂ hwimhenIfnse sshcp[yw ]cnlcn°m≥ ]n∂oSv \n¿t±in°s∏Smdp≈Xv tehy hnhmlsa∂ BibamWv. Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØn¬ (25:5˛10) \n¿t±in°s∏´n ´p≈ hnhmlcoXnbmWnXv. aqØ ktlmZc≥ a°fn√msX acn®m¬ AbmfpsS hn[hbn¬ Cfbktlmc≥ Abmƒ°pth≠n a°sf P\n∏n°Ww F∂mWv \nbaw. Cfbh\n¬ aqØhs≥d `mcy°v P\n® aI≥ aqØhs≥d aI\mbmWv Adnbs∏SpI. tbip]nXmhmb tbmk^ns≥d ]nXmhmbn aØmbn ]dbp∂Xv bmt°m_ns\bpw eqt°mkv ]dbp∂Xv tlensbbpamWt√m. tbmk^ns≥d ]nXmhmbn aØmbn ]d™ bmt°m_pw eqt°mkv ]d™ tlenbpw ktlmc∑mcmbncp∂ncn°sa∂pw Cfb ktlmc\mb bmt°m_ns≥d ]p{X\mWv tbmks^¶nepw aqØ ktlmc\mb tlenbpsS ]p{X\mbmWv Adnbs∏Sp∂sX∂pamWv hmZw. aØmbn tbmk^ns≥d kzm`mhnI hwi]cºcbpw eqt°mkv \nba{]Imcapff hwi]cºcbpamWv ]I¿ØpIbmWp≠mb sX∂pw hmZn°s∏Sp∂p. aq∂mw \q‰m≠p apX¬°p≈ ss{IkvXh ]WvUnX∑mcn¬ an°hcpw kvYncoIcn® hymJym\amWnXv. Cu hymJym\w icnb√mØXn\m¬ B[p\nI ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑msc√mw CXv ssIsømgn®ncn°pIbmWv. AXn\v ImcWw Xmsg ]dbp∂hbmWv. (1) tlenbpw bmt°m_pw ktlmZc∑mcmbncp∂psh¶n¬ Ah¿ c≠p t]cptSbpw ]nXm°ƒ Hcmfmbncn°Wat√m. aØmbn {]Imcw bmt°m_ns≥d ]nXmhv a∞m\pw eqt°mkv {]Imcw tlenbpsS ]nXmhv a∞mØpamWv. F∂m¬ CXv kphntij I¿Øm°ƒ°p ]‰nb sNdnb ssI∏ng (ssZh\nthi\Øn¬ ssI]ngbpw!)bmsW∂v h m Zn°m h p ∂ X m Wv . a ∞m Øv , a ∞m ≥ X p Sß n b t ] c p I ƒ kZrißfmWt√m. ChnsSbpw {]iv\ap≠v. a∞mØns≥d ]nXmhmbn 173

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

tehnbpw (eqt°mkv) a∞m\ns≥d ]nXmhmbn FenbmkdpamWv (aØmbn) ]cma¿in°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. Fenbmkdpw tehnbpw Htc hyIv X nbpsS c≠p t]cpIfmsW∂v hmZn°s∏Smw. F∂m¬ Genbmk¿ GenlqZns≥d aI\pw tehn sa¬°nbpsS aI\pamWv. (2) tehy hnhml k{ºZmb {]Imcw D≠mb ]p{X\mWv tbmks^¶n¬ ]ns∂ Fßs\bmWv At±lw bYm¿∞ ]nXmhmb bmt°m_ns≥d aI\mbn Adnbs∏SpI? Cfb ktlmZc\mWv aI≥ D≠mIp∂sX¶nepw aqØ ktlmZ-cs≥d aI\mbmWt√m Adnbs∏ tS≠Xv. ]ns∂sb¥n\mWv aØmbn bYm¿∞ ]nXmhns≥d hwimhen kzoIcn®Xv? (3) a¿t°mkv 12:18˛27 ¬ \n∂v tbiphns≥d ImeØv tehy hnhmlw \ne\n∂ncp∂ns√∂mWv a\ nemIp∂Xv . AXn\m¬ kphn- t i- j - I - ∑ m¿- t ehyhnhml\nba{]Imcap≈ hwimhen tXSnt∏mbnsb∂v A\pam\n°p∂Xn¬ Igºn√. (4) tehy hnhmlsa∂ Bibw hwimhenbnse A¥yØnse hyXncnIvXX hniZoIcn°m≥ am{Xta D]Icn°q. hwimhen apgph≥ hyXymkap≠v. ZmhoZns≥d ]p{X\mb tkmfa\n-eqsS aØmbnbpw \mYm\neqsS eqt°mkpw hwimhen kzoIcn®XpsIm≠mWv Cu sshcp≤yßfp≠mbXv . CXv kzoIcn®Xn\v B[mcam°nbXv hyXykvX tcJIfmbXn\m¬ a‰p kvYeßfnepw sshcp[yap≠v. skdq_mt_ens≥d aI≥ AlnlqZmsW∂v aØmbnbpw tckbmsW∂v eqt°mkpw ]dbp∂Xv Hcp DZmlcWw.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

∂p. 11:26¬ ]nt‰∂v injy∑m¿ B acw hmSnbXmbn ImWp∂p. aØmbn 21:19¬ tbip AØnhr£sØ i]n® DSs\ AXp hmSnt∏m bn F∂p]dbp∂p. Cu dnt∏m¿´pIfn¬ GXmWv G‰hpw ]ucmWn Ihpw AhnIknXhpamb ]mcºcyw Dƒs°m≈p∂Xv? Cu tNmZyØn\v adp]Snbmbn an° ]Wv U nX∑mcpw a¿t°mkns≥d hnhcWambncn°pw Nq≠n°mWn°pI. Fs¥∂m¬, XmcXay]T\ Øn¬ \n∂v a\knemhpI, ZnhymXv`pXßsf IqSpX¬ \mSIobX tbmsSbpw `mhXo{hXtbmsSbpw Nn{XoIcn°p∂ ]Xnhv aØmbn °mWp≈sX∂s{X. eqt°mkns≥d kphntijØnse tbip AØnacsØ Hcn°epw i]n°p∂n√. 13:6˛9¬ ]t£, AØn hr£sØ∏‰nbp≈ Hcp D]abp≠v....... tbiphn¬ tIm]amtcm]n °p∂ F¥nt\bpw eLqIcn®p ImWn°p∂ {]hWXbmWv eqt°mkn\p≈Xv . AXv Adnbmhp∂h¿ tbiphns≥d tIm]w \nd™ Hcp {]hrØn kphntijI≥ cq]Icq]Øn¬ BhnjvIcn °pIbmsW∂pw hnNmcn°m\nSbp≠v. X∑qew Hmtcm ZnhymXv`pX IY°pw kµ¿`Ønep≈ aqeyhpw khntij ]mcºcyhpw, Hmtcm ]mcºcyØns≥dbpw kz¥amb {]hWXbpsa√mw IW°nseSpØp sIm≠p am{Xta ZnhymXv ` pXßfpsS Ncn{X]cXsb hnebncp Øm\mhq. tbiphns≥d ZnhymXv ` pXßsf∏‰nbp≈ ]mcºcyw B[nImcnIamsW∂ncn°nepw,kphntij {KŸßfnse Hmtcm ZnhymXv`pXhpw A£cm¿∞Øn¬ Ncn{X]cambns°m≈Wsa∂n√'1 tbiphns≥d PohnXhpambn _\v[s∏´ kphntij hnhcWß fnse GXm\pw sshcp≤yßƒ ImWpI:

PohnX hnhcWßfnse sshcp≤yßƒ

km£yw kXytam Ifthm?

]pXnb \nbaØnse,tbiphns≥d P\\hpambn _\v [ s∏´ `mKßfnse sshcp≤yßfn¬ NneXmWv \mw N¿® sNbvXXv. CtX t]mep≈ sshcp≤yßƒ At±lØns≥d PohnX hnhcWßfnepw ImWs∏Sp∂p≠v. Cu sshcp≤yßfpsSbpw a‰p ]e ImcWßfpsS bpw shfn®Øn¬ tbiphns≥d PohnXhpambn _\v [ s∏´Xmbn kphntijßƒ tcJs∏SpØp∂ ]e kwKXnIfpw Ncn{X]cas√∂p IcpXp∂ ]Wv U nX∑mcp≠v . sdbv a ≠v C.{_u¨ FgpXp∂p: "am¿t°mkv 11:14¬ Hcp AØn hr£sØ i]n®Xmbn \mw hmbn°p

tbml∂m≥ 5:31 "F\n°p Rm≥ Xs∂ km£yw hln®m¬ Fs≥d km£yw kXyamIbn√'.

174

tbml∂m≥ 8:14 "Rm\mWv F\n°v km£yw hln°p∂sX¶nepw Fs≥d km£yw kXyamWv'. 1. Reymond-E-Brown:Responses To 101 Questions On The Bible Page 67.

175

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

AØnhr£w DWßnbsXt∏mƒ ? aØmbn 21:19 "tbip AØnhr£sØ i]n®p. X¬£Ww AXv DWßnt∏mbn' a¿t°mkv 11:20 "(]nt‰∂v ) {]`mXØn¬ Ah¿ IS∂p t]mIptºmƒ B AØnacw thtcmsS DWßnt∏mbncn°p∂Xmbn I≠p'.

Ht∂m ct≠m? aØmbn 8:28 "tbip adpIcbn¬ KZdmbcpsS tZisØØn. At∏mƒ ]nimNp _m[n® c≠pt]¿ ihIpSocßfn¬ \n∂ndßn Ahs≥d t\sc h∂p'. a¿t°mkv 5:1,2 "Ah¿ ISens≥d adpIcbn¬ sKctk\nbcpsS \m´ne¬ FØn. Ah≥ h©nbn¬ \n∂ndßnbt∏mƒ Aip≤mflmhp _m[n® Hcp a\pjy≥ ihIpSocßfn¬ \n∂v Ahs≥d t\sc h∂p'.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

IgpXbpw Ipńbpw aØmbn 21:2 "\nßƒ FXnsc ImWp∂ {KmaØnte°p t]mIpI. AhnsS sIńbncn°p∂ Hcp s]ÏgpXsbbpw AXns≥d Ipńtbbpw \nßƒ ImWpw. Ahsb Agn®v Fs≥d ASp°¬ sIm≠phcWw' a¿t°mkv 11:12 "\nßƒ FXnsc ImWp∂ {KaØnte°v t]mIpI. \nßƒ AhnsS {]thin°ptºmƒ Xs∂ Bcpw khmcn sNbvXnń√mØ Hcp IgpX°pńsb sIńbncn°p∂Xv ImWmw. AXns\ Agn®psIm≠p hcnI'

Ht∂m ct≠m? aØmbn 20:29 "tbip AXnse IS∂p t]mIp∂Xmbn tI´v hgnbcnIn¬ Ccp∂ c≠v A\v[¿ D®Øn¬ \nehnfn®p. "ZmhoZns≥d ]p{Xm Rßfn¬ IcpW tXmt∂Wta' a¿t°mkv 10:46,47 "Xncptabqkns≥d ]p{X\mb _¿Ønatbmkv F∂ A\v[\mb bmNI≥ hgnbcnIn¬ Ccn°pIbmbncp∂p. \{kmb°mc\mb tbiphmWv AXv F∂p tI´t∏mƒ Abmƒ Dds° hnfn®p ]dbm≥ XpSßn."tbipth, ZmhoZns≥d ]p{Xm Ft∂mSp IcpW ImWnt°Wta' 176

tbipthm tbml∂mt\m BcmWv Ifhp ]d™Xv? aØmbn 11:14 "CbmfmWv (tbml∂m≥ kv\m]I≥) hcm\ncn°p∂ Genbm' tbml∂m≥ 1:21 "F¶n¬ \o ]ns∂ BcmWv? Genbmtbm? Abmƒ (tbml∂m≥ kv\m]I≥) ]d™p: A√' 177

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

IpcnipacWhnhcWßfnse sshcp≤yßƒ tbiphns≥d IpcnipacWtØmSp _\v[s∏´ hnhcWßfnepw CtX {]iv\ap≠v. hnhn[ kphntijI¿Øm°ƒ IpcnipacWtØmS \p_\v[n®p \S∂ kw`hßƒ hnhcn°p∂Xv hyXykvX coXnIfn emWv . sdbv a ≠v {_uWns\t∏mep≈ ]Wv U nX∑m¿ C°mcyw {]Xn]mZn°mØXv IpcnipacWsa∂ Bibw Ncn{X]cas√∂p h∂m¬ ss{Ikv X h hnizmkØns≥d ASnØd XIcpsa∂Xp sIm≠mbncn°mw. bqZmkns‚- H‰ns°mSp°¬ apX¬ Xs∂ kphntijI¿Øm °fpsS hnhcWß-f-n¬ sshcp≤yßfp≠v. "Kptcm kzkvXn' F∂p ]d™psIm≠v tbiphns\ Npw_n°m≥ th≠n apt∂m´m™ bqZmknt\mSv tbip {]XnhNn®Xv "kv t \lnXm \o F¥n\mWv h∂Xv ? ' F∂mbncp∂psh∂mWv aØmbn (26:50) ]dbp∂Xv . eqt°mkn¬ {]Imcw CXv "bqZmsk \o Npw_\w sImt≠m a\pjy]p{Xs\ H‰psImSp°p∂Xv' (22:48) F∂mbncp∂p. tbml∂m\mIs´ NXnbpsS Npw_\sØ°pdn®v H∂pw ]dbp∂n√. am{Xhpa√, H‰psImSpØ kw`hw XnI®pw hyXykv X ambn´mWv At±lw {]Xn]mZn°p∂Xv. tbiphns\ At\zjn®p sN∂ ]SbmfnI tfmSv "\nßƒ At\zjn®psIm≠ncn°p∂ tbip Rm\mWv' F∂p ]d™v At±lw kzbw Xs∂ IogSßpIbmWp≠mbsX∂mWv tbml∂m≥ (18: 3˛8) ]dbp∂Xv. IpcnipacWtØmSv _\v[s∏´ hnhcWßfn¬ C\nbpw Hcp]mSv sshcp≤yßfp≠v. tbiphns\ _\v[n® tijw {][m\ ]ptcmlnX\mb Iøm^mkns≥d ASp°te°mWv BZyw sIm≠p t]mbsX∂v aØmbnbpw (26:57) Iøm^mkns≥d AΩmbnA∏\mb A∂mkns≥d ASp°te°msW∂v tbml∂m\pw (18:13) ]dbp∂p. tbip kzbw Xs∂ Ipcnip Npa∂p tKm¬tKmY aebnte°v sIm≠pt]mIpIbmWp≠mbsX∂v tbml∂m≥ (19:17) ]dbptºmƒ, Ipcnip Npa∂Xv Imtdt\°mc\mb intamtbm≥ BsW∂mWv 178

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

aØmbn (27:32)bpsS ]£w. tbiphns≥d IqsS {Iqin°s∏´ c≠p I≈∑mcn¬ Hcmƒ am{Xw At±lsØ X≈n∏d™psh∂pw as‰bmƒ At±lsØ hnizkn®psh∂pamWv eqt°mkv (23:42) ]dbp∂Xv. F∂m¬ aØmbnbmIs´ c≠p I≈∑mcpw At±lsØ ]cnlkn®psh∂mWv ]dbp∂Xv . (27:44). Ipcnin¬ InS∂p≈ tbiphns≥d Ahkm\sØ hm°pIƒ F¥mbncp∂psh∂v ]dbp∂n SØp hsc aØmbnbpw tbml∂m\pw hntbmPn°p∂p≠v. "Gen Gen ev a m k_Iv X m\n, AXmbXv Fs≥d ssZhta, Fs≥d ssZhta F¥psIm≠v \o Fs∂ Dt]£n®p' F∂v Dds° \nehnfn®p sIm≠mWv At±lw- Poh≥ shSn™sX∂v aØmbn (27:45˛50) ]dbptºmƒ "F√mw ]q¿Ønbmbncn°p∂p'sh∂v ]d™v XeNmbvNv im¥ntbmsSbmWv At±lw BXv a mhns\ ka¿∏n®sX∂mWv tbml∂m≥ (19: 28˛30) kvYm]n°p∂Xv. IpcnipacWsØ°pdn®v ss__nƒ hnhcWØnep≈ sshcp≤yßƒ {Inkv X paXØns≥d ASnØd Cf°p∂hbmsW ∂p≈XmWv bmYm¿∞yw. tbip{InkvXp Ipcnin¬ Nn¥nb cIvXw sIm≠v am\hcminbpsS ]m]w IgpInsb∂ XXzØnt∑emWv ss{IkvXhZ¿i\Øns≥d \ne\n¬]v. IpcnipacWw \ntj[n°m \mImØ Hcp Ncn{Xkw`hamsW∂mWv ss{Ikv X hcpsS hmZw. \mep kphntijI∑mcmWv AXn\p≈ km£nIƒ F∂mWv Ah¿ hmZn°p∂Xv. Htc kw`hsØ \mep coXnbn¬ hnhcn°p∂hcpsS km£yw AkzoImcyamsW∂Xv s]mXpsh AwKoIcn°s∏´n´pff Hcp XXzamWv. IpcnipacWtØbpw AtXmS\p_\v[n® kw`hß tfbpw hyXykvXhpw hncp≤hpamb coXnIfnemWv kphntijI∑m¿ Nn{XoIcn®ncn°p∂sX∂v \mw a\ nem°n. At∏mƒ ]ns∂ kphntijI∑mcpsS km£yw kzoIcn°p∂sXßs\? Ipcnip acWØns≥d Ncn{X]cXbmWv ChnsS tNmZyw sNøs∏Sp∂Xv ; AXneqsS {InkvXpaXØns≥d ASnØdbpw. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂bmWv hna¿i\mflIambn ss__nƒ ]pkv X IßfpsS Ncn{X]cXsb°pdn®v KthjWw \SØnb ss{IkvXhcmcpw Xs∂ 179

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

IpcnipacWsØ ]T\hnt[bam°mXncp∂sX∂mWv a\ nemhp ∂Xv . \njv I rjv S amb At\zjWw \SØnbm¬, tbiphns≥d P\\tØbpw PohnXtØbpw Ipdn® kphntij hnhcWßfpsS A{Xt]mepw Ncn{X]cX AhImis∏Sm≥ IpcnipacWsØ°pdn® {]Xn]mZ\ßƒ°v Ignbns√∂v a\ nemhpw. Imt\m\nIa√mØ kphntijßfnepƒs∏SpØn X≈n°f™ _¿W_mkns≥d kphntijØn¬ tbip{InkvXphns\ {Iqin®nń s√∂mWv ]dbp∂Xv . Xs∂ c£n°Wsa∂ {Inkv X phns≥d {]m¿∞\ ssZhw {ihn®psh∂pw Xs≥d Zmks\ Ah¿ c£n®p sh∂pw ]Icw H‰pImc\mb bqZmkmWv {Iqin°s∏´sX∂pamWv _¿W_mkns≥d kphntijØnep≈Xv. tbip{InkvXp {Iqin°s∏ńń√msb∂mWv ssZhn-I {KŸamb Jp¿B≥ A¿∞i¶°nSbn√mØ hn[w hyIv X am°p∂Xv (4:157, 158). "Dd∏mbpw At±lsØ Ah¿ sImes∏SpØnbnń√'sb∂ Jp¿B\nI {]kv X mhØn\v FXnsc sXfnhv \¬Im≥ am{Xw {]_etam Ncn{X]ctam A√ kphntijI∑mcpsS km£yw.

sshcp≤yßƒ°v ImcWw C{Xsb√mw sshcp[yßfp≠mbncp∂n´pw ss__nfn¬ bmsXmcp sshcp[yßfpans√∂v IÆS®p ]dbp∂ kphntijI∑mcp≠v . Fw.hn.tXmakv FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: "]ckv]cw sshcp[yßfmb Hcp Imcyhpw CXnen√. ssZhØns≥d ]cnip≤mflmhv F√m FgpØpImscbpw \nb{¥n®ncp∂XpsIm≠mWv Cßs\ kw`hn®Xv . '1 CXv IÆS®v Ccp´m°p∂ ]WnbmsW∂v hnthI ]q¿∆w ss__nƒ hmbn°p∂h¿s°√mw hyIvXamIpw. ss__nfnse sshcp≤yßƒ Fßs\bp≠mbn ? "Hmtcm kphntij I¿Ømhpw tbiphns\∏‰nbp≈ Xs≥d [mcWb\pk 1. Fw.hn.tXmakv. XncphN\ kw{Klw ]pdw 25

180

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

cn®p hmb\°mcpsS A[ymXvanImhiyßƒ km[n®psImSp°m\p XIpw hn[w tbiphns\ Nn{XoIcn°m\mcw`n®'1 Xns≥d ^ -- eambmWv hnhcWßfn¬ sshcp≤yßfp≠mbXv . kphntij I¿Øm°ƒ ]cnip≤mfl t{]cnXcmbn FgpXnb- {KŸßfmWv kphntijßƒ F∂ hmZamWv ChnsS ho≠pw {]Xn°q´n¬ \n¬°p∂Xv. \mep kphntijI∑mcpsS tbipNcn{XsØ°pdn® tIhehnhcWamWv kphntijßfnep≈sX∂mWv ss{Ikv X hhnizmksa¶n¬ Cu hnhcW- ß fn¬ sshcp≤yap≠mIphm\p≈ km[yX AwKoIcn °mhp∂ Xmbncp∂p. Htc kw`hsØ Xs∂ \mep t]¿ hnhcn°ptºmƒ sshcp≤yßfp≠mhpI kzm`mhnIamWt√m. ss__nfns≥d kvYnXn AX√. AXv FgpXnbXv ssZhmfl {]tNmZnXambn´mbXn\m¬ ssZhhN\amsW∂mWv k`mhnizmkw. GI\mb ssZhØns≥d {]tNmZ\Øm¬ FgpXnb {KŸØn¬ sshcp≤yßƒ ImWpI km[yamtWmsb∂XmWv {]iv\w. ssZhw sX‰p]‰mØh\mWt√m. ]ns∂sbßs\ Cu sshcp≤yßfp≠mbn? ss__nƒ ]pkvXIß fpsS cN\°v ssZh{]tNmZ\ap≠mbn F∂ B i b w A S n k v Y m \ c l n X a m s W ∂ v k Ω X n ° m s X Cu sshcp≤yßsf hniZoIcn°m\m hn√. ss__nƒ ssZh\nthin X{KŸamsW∂ hnizmkØn\v bmsXmcp ASnkvYm\ hpans√∂¿∞w.

ssh-cp-[y-ßƒ-°p-≈- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww-:ss_-_n-fn¬- D-S-\o-fw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂- ssh-cp-[y-ßƒ- hn-i-ZoI-cn-®v- A-h- b-Ym¿-∞-Øn¬- ssh-cp[y-ß-f-s√-∂v- h-cp-Øn-Øo¿°p-hm≥- th-≠n- sIm-≠p-]n-Sn-®- {i-a-ßƒ- ss{I-kv-X-h-tem-I-Øv\-S-∂n-´p-s≠-∂-Xv- i-cn-bm-Wv.- ]-s£,- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-ßƒ- Iq-SpX¬- hen-b- A-_-≤-ß-fn-te-°m-Wv- an-j-\-dn-am-sc- sIm-≠p-t]mIp-∂-Xv.- Xncp-h-´m¿- Ir-jv-W≥- Ip-´n-°p-th-≠n- k-tlm.- h¿-Kokv1. Responses To 101 Questions On The Bible Page 57.

181

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Ip-cy≥- F-gp-Xp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:""ss_-_n-fn¬- H-t´-sd- ssh-cp-≤y-ß-fpw- ]n-i-Ip-I-fpw- D-≠vF-∂pw- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- ss_-_nƒ- ssZ-h-h-N-\-a-s√-∂pwH-cp- B-t£-]-ap-≠v.- Im-em-Im-e-ß-fn-em-bn- A-ß-s\- D-∂-bn-°s∏-´n-´p-≈- F-√m- hm-Z-ßƒ-°pw- hy-Iv-X-am-b- a-dp-]-Sn- ss{I-kvX-h- kaq-l-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- \¬-I-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.- F-∂m¬- A-sXms°-bpw- a-d-®p-]n-Sn-®pw- I-≠n-s√-∂v- \-Sn-®pw- ho-≠pw- ho-≠pwA-_-≤-P-Un-e-ß-fm-b- B-t£-]-ßƒ- B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xpw- shdpw- Ko-_-Xv-kn-b≥- X-{¥-am-Wv.- Nn-e A-`n-\-h- C-kv-emw-a-X- Xo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ- \-S-Øp-∂- hr-Xm- hm-Z-ß-fp-sS- b-m-Ym¿-∞yw- F-s¥∂p-t\m-°mw''.1-F-∂m¬- hkv-Xp-X-sb-¥m-Wv?- ssh-cp-[y-ßƒ-°p-≈- hn-i-ZoI-c-W-sa-∂- t]-cn¬- F-gp-Xn-b- Im-cy-ß-sf-√mw- Xn-I-®pw- _men-i-am-sW-∂v- h-n-a¿-i-I¿- c-Nn-®- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-s≥-d- \m-emw- A[ym-bw- H-cm-h¿-Øn- hm-bn-°p-∂-h¿-i-°-√mw- t_m-[y-s∏-Spw.- CuA[ym-b-Øn-s≥-d- Xp-S-°-Øn¬- H-∂m-a-Xm-bn- kq-Nn-∏n-®- sshcp-[y-Øn-\v- \¬-I-s∏-´- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-sb-Sp-°pI.- C-{km-tb-en-s≥-d- P-\-kw-Jy-sb-Sp-°m≥- Zm-ho-Zn-s\- tXm-∂n®-Xv- ssZ-h-am-sW-∂v- 2 im-ap- 24:-1epw- km-Øm-\m-sW∂v- 1 Zn-\21:-1epw- ]-d-™-Xm-Wv- ssh-cp-≤y-am-bn- F-Sp-Øp-]-d-™n-cp-∂-Xv.A-Xn-\p-≈- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- C-ß-s\-:- ""kz-¥w- I-gn-hn¬- k-ºq¿W-am-bn- B-{i-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-I-cw- kz-¥w- I-gn-hn¬- Du-‰w-sIm≠v- P-\-sØ- F-Æp-hm≥- Zm-ho-Zn-\v- t{]-c-W- \¬-In-b-Xv- kmØm≥- X-s∂-bm-Wv.- tbm-hm-_v- hn-e-°n-bn-´pw- H-cp- ho-≠p-hnNm-c-Øn-\p-t]m-epw- X-øm-dm-hm-Ø- Zm-ho-Zn-s\- ssZ-hw- b-tY-jvSw- hn-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- B- \n-e-bn¬- Zm-ho-Zn-s\- ]m-Tw- ]-Tn-∏n°p-hm≥- ssZ-hw- Im-cy-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ- \-S-Øn-sb-∂v- km-cw''-2 1 ss{I-kv-X-h- C-kv-emw- kw-hm-Zw- ]p-dw- 77 2 A-tX- ]p-kv-X-Iw- ]p-dw- 77˛78

182

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ì î h-kv-Xp-X-bp-am-bn- bm-sXm-cp- _\v-[-hpan-√m-Ø- H-cp- {]kvXm-h-\- am-{X-am-Wn-Xv.- Zm-ho-Zn-\v- P-\-kw-Jy-sb-Sp-°m≥- t{]-c-W\¬-In-b-Xp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´v- im-ap-th-en-s≥-d- c-≠mw- ]p-kv-XIw- 24˛mw- A- [ ym- b - Ø n¬- h- ∂ - {]- k v - X m- h - \ - I - f n- s em- ∂ pwkmØm≥- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-Sp-t∂-bn-√.- I¿-Øm-hn-\v- C-{km-tben-\p- t\-sc- Pzen-®- tIm-]-am-Wv- Zm-ho-Zn-s\ sIm-≠v- P-\-kw-Jysb-Sp-∏n-°p-hm≥- ssZ-h-sØ- t{]-cn-∏n-®-Xv.- C-hn-sS- km-Øm≥I-S-∂p-hcp-t∂-bn-√.- H-∂m-a- Zn-\-hr-Øm-¥w- 21˛mw- A-[ym-b-Ønem-I-s´- P-\-kw-Jy-sb-Sp-∏p-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´v- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- t]cv- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂p-t]m-ep-an-√.- am-{X-hp-a-√,- ""P-\-kw-Jy- Xn-´-s∏Sp-Øn-b-Xv- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- A-ln-X-I-c-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠v- A-h≥- C-{kmtb-en-s\- ]o-Un-∏n-®p''- (1 Zn-\- 21:-7)sh-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p-ap-≠v.Np-cp-°-Øn¬,- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- ln-Xw- km-Øm-\n-eq-sS- \-S-∏n-em°n-b-Xp-aq-e-am-W-v Zm-ho-Zv- I-W-s°-Sp-∏v- \-S-Øn-b-sX-∂- I-≠p]n-Sp-Ø-Øn-\v- ss_-_n-fn-s≥-d- Aw-Ko-Im-c-an-√.- k-Xy-Øn¬- imapth-en-s≥-d- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-s≥-d- I¿-Øm-hv- ssZ-h-am-Wv- Zm-ho-Zn-s\t{]-cn-∏n-®-sX-∂pw- Zn-\-hr-Øm-¥-Øn-s≥-d- I¿-Øm-hv- km-Øm\m-Wv- {]-tNm-Zn-∏n-®-sX-∂pw- I-cp-Xn-s°m-≠m-Wv- X-ß-fp-sS- ]pkvX-I-ßƒ- F-gp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂v- {]-kv-Xp-X- ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fp-sS\-tS- kq-Nn-∏n-®- A-[ym-b-ßƒ- H-cp- X-h-W-sb-¶n-epw- hm-bn-®m¬t_m-[y-am-Ipw.- F-s¥-¥v- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-ßƒ- \¬-In-bm-epw- Cussh-cp[-yw- ssh-cp-[y-am-bn-Ø-s∂- Xp-S-cp-sa-∂¿-∞w.C-tX-t]m-se-X-s∂-bm-Wv ssh-cp-[y-ßƒ-°v- \¬-I-s∏-´- hniZo-I-c-W-ß-tfm-tcm-∂p-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.- \-tS- D-≤-cn-°s∏-´- ]-e- ssh-cp-[y-ßƒ-°pwhn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww- \¬-Im≥- a-dp-]-Snsb-∂- t]-cn¬- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-s≥-d- I¿-Øm-°ƒk-∂-≤-am-bn-´n-√.- X-ßƒ- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d™p-sh-∂v- h-cp-Øn-Øo¿°m-\m-bn- G-Xm-\pw- F-Æw- \-º-cn-´v- sIm-Sp-Øp-sh-∂-√m-sXCXn¬- D-≤-cn-°-s∏-´- H-cp- ssh-cp-[y-Øn-\p-t]m-epw- Xr-]v-Xn-I-chpw- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-hp-am-b- a-dp-]-Sn- \¬-Im≥- kp-hn-ti-j-I¿-°v183

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

I-gn-™n-´n-√-;- I-gn-bp-I-bp-an-√.ssZhnI {KŸØn¬ bmsXmcp sshcp≤yßfpap≠mIphm≥ ]mSns√∂mWv Jp¿B\ns≥d \ne]mSv. Jp¿B≥ kzbw ]cnNbs∏Sp Øp∂Xv ImWpI: "Ah¿ Jp¿B\ns\∏‰n Nn¥n°p∂nt√? AXv A√mlph√m ØhcpsS ]°¬ \n∂p≈Xmbncn∂psh¶n¬ AhcXn¬ [mcmfw sshcp≤yßƒ Is≠Øpambncp∂p' (4:82).

]{¥≠v {]hmNI IYIƒ:] S®Xºpcms≥d ZqXpambn am\hcmin°p apºn¬ {]Xy£ blqZ s∏´ alm∑mcmWv {]hmNI∑m¿. kXyam¿KØnte°v XßfpsS ssIISØepIƒkaqlsØ £Wn°p∂Xn\v th≠nbmWv Ah¿ \ntbmKn°s∏´Xv. A\v[hnizmkßƒ sh ® p ] p e ¿ Øp I b p w A [m ¿ a n I h rØn I f n ¬ a p g p I p I b p w sNbv X ncp∂ kzkaqlsØ kXyØns≥dbpw [¿aØns≥dbpw shfn®Ønte°v B\bn®hcmWv {]hmNI∑m¿. kaqlØn\v apgph≥ amXrIbmbn \nesIm≠ ssZhZqX∑m¿ k®c- n Xcmb A\pbmbnIsf krjvSn®Xv kz¥w PohnXØns≥d ss\¿Ωeyw hgnbmbncp∂p. {]hmNI∑msc AwKoIcn°mØh¿ t]mepw Ahsc BZcn°p∂Xv AXpsIm≠mWv. skan‰nIv aXhnizmknIƒ s]mXpsh {]hmNI∑m¿ kZvhrØcpw kzkaqlØn\v amXrIbp ambncp∂psh∂v hnizkn°p∂p. {]hmNIs\ Ipdn°p∂Xn\mbn ]gb \nbaØn¬ ]e t]cpIfpw {]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xmbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. G‰hpw IqSpX¬ {]tbmKn°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv "\_n' F∂ ]ZamWv. ap∂qdne[nIw {]mhiyw {]tbmKn°s∏ńcn°p∂ Cu ]ZØns≥d [mXzm¿∞w "Adn™ncn°p∂h≥', AYhm "]dbp∂h≥' F∂mWv. aebmfw ss__nfn¬ "{]hmNI≥' F∂mWv Cu ]Zw ]cn`mjs∏Sp Øs∏ńcn°p∂Xv. ]gb\nbaØn¬ 20 {]mhiyw {]tbmKn°s∏ń cn°p∂ "tJmskm' F∂ ]ZamWv as‰m∂v . "]dbp∂h≥' F∂¿∞w

184

185

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hcp∂ Cu ]Zw aebmfw ss__nfn¬ "Z¿iI≥' F∂mWv `mjm¥cw sNøs∏´ncn°p∂Xv. "ImWp∂h≥' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ "tdmth'sb∂pw {]hmNI∑msc°pdn®v {]tbmKn®Xmbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ]gb\nbaØn¬ HºXp {]mhiyw {]tbmKn°s∏´ Cu ]ZØn\pw "Z¿iI≥' F∂ ]cn`mjbmWv aebmfØn¬ \¬Is∏´ncn°p∂Xv. ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ "{]hmNI≥' F∂p ]cn`mjs∏SpØnbncn°p ∂Xv "s{]ms^Xtk'sb∂ bh\]ZsØbmWv . Cu ]ZØn\v "hyIvXambn kwkmcn°p∂h≥', "KqVm¿∞w hnhcn®p ]dbp∂h≥', "ap∂dnbn°p∂h≥' XpSßnb A¿∞ßfmWp≈Xv. tbiphn\v apºv Pohn® skJcymhv , tbml∂m≥ kv \ m]I≥, XpSßnbhtcbpw tbiphns\ Xs∂bpw ]pXnb\nbaw {]hmNI\mbn hyhlcn°p∂p≠v. F¥mbncp∂p {]hmNI∑mcpsS BKat\mt±iyw? ss__nƒ \nL≠p ]dbp∂Xp t\m°pI: "P\ßsf btlmhbpsS CjvSw {Kln∏n®v AX\pkcn®v Ahsc \bn°Wsa∂p≈XmWv AhcpsS aptJymt±iyw. `qXIme kw`hßsf°pdn®v Nn¥n°p∂Xpw h¿Øam\Ime Imcyßsf°pdn®v P\ßsf imkn°p∂Xpw `mhnIme Imcyßsf ap∂dnbn°p∂Xpw Ah¿°v ]XnhmsW¶nepw Ah¿ Ft∏mgpw btlmh Xs≥d P\Øn¬ \n∂v Imw£n°p∂ [¿a\njvTsb°pdn®v kwkmcn°p∂Xn\v IqSpX¬ D’pIcmbncp∂p. Ch¿ kzm¿∞X, aZy]m\w, Zp¿∂S∏v , Zcn{Z∑mtcmSv sNøp∂ A\oXn, t`mtK—, Alw`mhw, hn{Klmcm[\ apXemb ]m]ßsf Jfin®v hnip≤n, ]mXn{hXyw, IcpW, kZmNmcw apXemb kZvKpWßsf °pdn®v t_m[n∏n®ph∂p' 1 ss__nƒ \nL≠phns≥d I¿Ømhv ]dbp∂Xv icnbmWv . P\ßsf [¿aØnte°v £Wn°phm\pw A[¿aßfn¬ \n∂v hne°phm\pw th≠nbmWv {]hmNI∑m¿ \ntbmKn°s∏´Xv. ]t£, [¿tam]tZjv S m°sf°pdn®v ss__nƒ \¬Ip∂ Nn{Xw ]q¿W ambpw icnbmsW∂v ]dbpIbmsW¶n¬ Ch¿ D]tZinIfmIm≥ sIm≈cpXmØhcmsW∂v kΩXnt°≠nhcpw. kz¥w PohnXØn¬ [¿aan√mØh¿°v kaqlsØ [¿ΩØnte°v \bn°phm≥ 1.dh:F.kn.s¢bv‰¨: ss__nƒ \nL≠p ˛]pdw 316. 186

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

F¥mWhImiw?

Ncn{X]mTw Jp¿B\nepw ss__nfnepw {]hmNI IY\Ønep≈ ss__nfns≥dbpw Jp¿B\ns≥dbpw kmayw Nq≠nImWn®v ]gb\nbaØn¬ \n∂v tIm∏nbSn®XmWv Jp¿Bs\∂v ]e hna¿iIcpw hmZn°mdp≠v . Nnet∏msg√mw {Inkv X y≥ anj\dnamcpw Cu hmZw D∂bn°mdp≠v . ss__nfn s≥dbpw Jp¿B\ns≥dbpw Ncn{XIY\coXnsb°pdn®v AhKmlambn ]Tn°ptºmƒ am{XamWv Cu hmZw F¥pam{Xw _meniamsW∂v \ap°v t_m[ys∏Sp∂Xv. am\hcmin°mIam\w amXrIbmbn h¿Øn® alm∑mcmb {]hmNI∑mcpsS PohNcn{XØn¬ \n∂p≈ GSpIƒ FSpØp≤cn°p∂Xp hgn Ahsc amXrIbm°n Pohn°phm≥ `mhnXeapdsb k÷am°pIbmWv Jp¿B≥ Ncn{XIY\w sIm≠v e£yam°p∂Xv. GI\mb {kjvSmhns\am{Xw Bcm[n°Wsa∂v {]t_m[\w sNbvXXns≥d t]cn¬ ]oU\ßtf‰phmtß≠nh∂ ssZhZqX∑msc F°mesØbpw am\hkaqlØn\v amXrIbmbn s°m≠mWv Jp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.P\ßtfmSv \∑ I¬∏n°pIbpw kz¥w PohnXØn¬ Ah {]mh¿ØnIam°n kaqlØn\v amXrIbmbn h¿Øn°pIbpw sNbv X hcmbncp∂p ssZhZqX∑m¿. Ifthm h©\tbm Akm∑m¿KnI {]h¿Ø\ßtfm sNømsX Pohn® almcY∑m¿. XßfpsS PohnXØnseßm\pw sNdnb h√ sX‰pw h∂pt]msb¶n¬ Xs∂ am∏nc∂v k¿∆iIvXt\mSv s]mdp°ens\ tXSns°m≠v ]m]ßsf IÆp\ocn¬ Nmen®v IgpIn°f™ kZvhrØ¿. Xßƒ Pohn°p∂ kaqlØn\mIam\w amXrIbmbn Pohn® alm∑mcmbmWv Jp¿B≥ {]hmNI∑msc ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv. AhcpsS PohnXØn¬ \n∂p≈ {]tim`n°p∂ GSpIsfSpØv hnizmknIƒ°v amXrIbm°m≥ ]‰p∂ coXnbmWv IY\Øn¬ Jp¿B≥ ]n¥pScp∂Xv. ss__nfns≥d ssien CXn¬ \n∂v- Xptemw hyXykvXas{X. ap≥ Ign™ alm∑mcpsS hyIv X nPohnXw hniZoIcn°p∂nSØv tIheamb Ncn{XIY\coXnbmWv AXp ]n¥pScp∂Xv. ss__nfnse 187

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

a‰p ]e hnjbßfnepsa∂ t]mse {]hmNI∑msc°pdn® ]cma¿ißfnepw blqZd∫namcpsS ssIISØepIƒ D≠mbn´ps≠ ∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. Xßƒ sNøp∂ A[m¿anIXsb \ymboIcn°phm\pw sX‰pIsf sh≈]qiphm\pw th≠n blqZd∫nam¿ {]hmNI∑mcpsS Ncn{X-sØ hnIeambn AhXcn∏n® Xn\memWv C∂p ss__nfn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ {]hmNI Ncn{Xßfne [nIhpw amXrImtbmKya√mXncn°p∂Xv F∂pthWw IcpXphm≥. alm∑msc∂p ]d™v ]gb\nbaw AhXcn∏n°p∂hcpsS PohnXw icmicn km[mcW°mcs≥d PohnXtØ°mƒ tamiamIp∂ ]gb \nba {]tlfnI°v DØcw ImWp∂Xn¬ B[p\nI ss{IkvXh ]finX∑m¿ t]mepw ]cmPbs∏SpIbmWv sNbvXn´p≈Xv. {]hmNI∑mcn¬ am{Xa√ blqZd∫nam¿ XßfpsS hrØn tISpIƒ Btcm]n®ncn°p∂Xv . kv Y e˛Imeßƒ°XoX\mb {kjv S mhn\v ]Zm¿∞nIamb ]cnI¬]\bnep≈ cq]`mhßƒ \¬IpIbpw Ahs≥d kz`mhßsf XßfpsS kz`mhßƒ° \pkrXambn hymJym\n°pIIbpw sNøm\p≈ {iaßfpw ]gb \nbaØn¬ ImWm\mhpw. AXpsIm≠mWv ]gb\nbaØnep≈ ssZhw BImiØncn°p∂ {Iqc\mb ]pcpjta[mhnbmsW∂v hmb\°mc\v tXm∂p∂Xv . s]mXpsh, ssZhØn\pw {]hmNI ∑m¿°pw blqZ d∫nam¿°pw I¬]n®p \¬Inb KpWßfpsSbpw kz`mhßfpsSbpw shfn®Øn¬ ]T\w \SØnbm¬ A°mesØ blqZ kaqlØns≥d kz`mh khntijXIsf°pdn®v a\ nem°m \√msX as‰m∂n\papXIpIbn√. Ah ]cnip≤cmb {]hmNI ∑mcpsS hyIvXnXzsØ°pdn®v Ip‰a‰ Nn{Xtam ssZhsØ°pdn®v Ah≥ ]Tn∏n® hnhcWtam {]Zm\w sNøp∂ns√∂¿∞w.

D¬]ØnIYbnse btlmh BZn]nXmhmb BZmans≥d Ncn{XIY\w apX¬°mcw`n°p∂p ss__nfnse blqZd∫namcpsS ssIISØse∂mWv a\ nemhp∂Xv . AXpsIm≠mWv D¬]Øn ]pkv X IØnse btlmh Hcp ]pcpjta[mhn (patriarchic) bpsS `mhw ]q≠Xmbn hmb\°mc\v A\p`hs∏Sp∂Xv . ]m]w a\pjyIpeØnte°v 188

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

IS∂phcm\p≈ ImcWambn BZykv{Xobmb l∆sb AhXcn∏n®Xn\v ]n∂nepw blqZd∫namcpsS Icßfmbncn°Ww {]h¿Øn®Xv. ]m]Øns≥d samØw ImcW°m¿ kv{XoIfmsW∂v hcpØnØo¿°phm\p≈ {iaamWv D¬]Øn ]pkv X IØnse {]kvXpX IYbv°v ]n∂nep≈Xv. "a\pjys\ kz¥w kmZriyØn¬ krjv S n®' (D¬]Øn 5:1) btlmh°v am\pjnIamb ]cnanXnIfp≠mbncp∂psh∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw hmbn®m¬ tXm∂pI. Ifhp]dbm\pw h©n°phm\psam∂pw bmsXmcp ssha\kyhpw ImWn°mØ btlmh Xs≥d I¨apºn¬ \S°p∂ Imcyßfn¬ Xs∂ ]eXpw ImWpItbm AdnbpItbm sNømØ A¬]⁄m\nbmbn´mWv ]gb\nbaIYIfn¬ ]eXnepw {]Xy£s∏Sp∂Xv. a\pjyt\mSv ]I sh®p]pe¿Øp∂h\pw {]XnImcw sNøm≥ Xp\nbp∂h\pw Ahs\ ` b ∂ v I m c y ß ƒ s N ø p ∂ h \ p a m b b t l m h b m W v Cu IYIfnep≈Xv . ssZhsØ kw_\v [ n®v {]hmNI∑m¿ \¬Inb hnhcWhpambn CXv A\¬]amb A¥cw {]ISn∏n°p∂p.

ssZhw Ifhp ]dbp∂p BZy]nXmhns≥d IYXs∂ t\m°pI:- krjvSn∏ns≥d Bdmw Znhkw BWpw s]Æpambn a\pjysc ]S® btlmh kpJ kar≤amb GsZ≥tXm´w Ah¿°v Xmakn°phm\mbn \¬In. AXp \¬Iptºmƒ ssZhw ]d™ ]Zßƒ {]tXyIw {it≤bamWv : "tXm´Ønse F√m hr£ßfpsSbpw ^ew \n\°v CjvSw t]mse Xn∂mw. F∂m¬ \∑ Xn∑Isf°pdn®p≈ Adnhns≥d hr£w \o Xn∂cpXv. AXp Xn∂p∂ \mƒ Xo¿®bmbpw \o acn°pw' (D¬]Øn 2:17). hne°s∏´ I\n Xn∂m¬ a\pjy≥ acn°psa∂mWv ssZhw ]d™Xv. a\pjysc hgn]ng∏n°phm≥ th≠n {]Xn⁄sbSpØn cn°p∂ ]nimNns≥d {]Xncq]amb k¿∏w hne°s∏´ I\n Xn∂phm≥ th≠n a\pjys\ {]tem`n∏n- ® p. k¿∏Øns≥d {]tem`\w {i≤n°pI:" \nßƒ acn°pIbn√ AXp Xn∂m¬ \nßfpsS IÆp Xpd°psa∂pw \∑Xn∑Isf Xncn®dn™v \nßƒ ssZhsØt∏mse BbnØocpsa∂pw ssZhØn\dnbmw' (D¬]Øn 3:5). hne°s∏´ I\n Xn∂m¬ acn°pIb√, {]XypX \∑Xn∑Isf 189

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Xncn®dn™v ssZhsØt∏msebmbnØocpIbmWv sNøpIsb ∂mWv k¿∏w ChnsS {]tem`n∏n°p∂Xv. BZapw l∆bpw ]gw Xn∂t∏mƒ F¥mWp≠mbXv ? Ah¿ acn®pthm? C√, "At∏mƒ CcphcptSbpw IÆpIƒ Xpd∂p. Xßƒ \·cmsW∂v Ah¿ Adn™p. AØnbneIƒ IqńØbv®v Ah¿ Ac ad®p' (D¬]Øn 3:7). CsXm∂pw k¿∆⁄\mb ssZhw Adn™n√sb∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkv X Iw hmbn®m¬ \ap°v tXm∂pI. "shbnemdnbt∏mƒ tXm´ØneqsS I¿Ømhmb ssZhw \S°p∂ i_v Z w Ah¿ tI´p. ssZhk∂n[nbn¬ \n∂v AI∂v a\pjy\pw `mcybpw tXm´Ønse hr£ßƒ°nSbn¬ t]mbn Hfn®p. F∂m¬ I¿Ømhmb ssZhw a\pjys\ hnfn®v "\o FhnsS?'- F∂p tNmZn®p. Abmƒ adp]Sn ]d™p:"Rm≥ tXm´Øn¬ \ns≥d H®tI´p. \·\mbncp∂Xn\m¬ F\n°v t]Sn tXm∂n. Rm≥ t]mbn Hfn®p'. ssZhw tNmZn®p: "\o \Kv\\msW∂v \nt∂mSv Bcv ]d™p? Xn∂cpsX∂v Rm≥ hne°nbncp∂ hr£Øns≥d I\n \o Xn∂pthm?' a\pjy≥ ]d™p: "Fs≥d IqsS ]m¿°m≥ \o X∂ kv{Xo B hr£Øns≥d I\n F\n°p X∂p. Rm≥ AXp Xn∂p'. I¿Ømhmb ssZhw At∏mƒ kv{XotbmSp tNmZn®p: "\o F¥mWv Cu sNbvXXv?' kv{Xo ]d™p:"k¿∏w Fs∂ I_fn∏n®p. Rm≥ AXp Xn∂pw t]mbn' (D¬]Øn 3:8˛13). a\pjy¿ hne°s∏´ I\n Xn∂Xv ssZhw Adnbp∂Xv Ah¿ ]d™t∏mgmWv . ssZhsØ k¿∆⁄s≥d kvYm\Øp \n∂v a\pjykZri\m°nbt∏mgp≠mb sshcp≤yßfnsem∂mWnXv. \∑Xn∑Isf°pdn® Adnhns≥d hr£Ønse êw Xn∂t∏mƒ a\pjy¿ acn®ns√∂p \mw a\ nem°n. At∏mƒ t\csØ ssZhw \¬Inb "AXp Xn∂p∂ \mƒ Xo¿®bmbpw \o acn°pw' F∂ Xm°oXv tIhew òjWnam{Xambncp∂psh∂mWt√m IcptX≠Xv. F¶n¬, a\pjys\t∏Sn®v ssZhw Ifhp ]d™psh∂t√ CXn∂¿∞w. am{Xhpa√ ssZhw Ifhp]d™t∏mƒ a\pjytcmSv kXyw ]d™Xv k¿∏amsW∂pw IcptX≠nhcpw. "AXp Xn∂m¬ \nßfpsS IÆpIƒ Xpd°pIbpw \∑Xn∑Isf Xncn®dn™v \nßƒ ssZhsØt∏mse BbnØocpIbpw sNøpw' F∂v a\pjytcmSv 190

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

]d™Xv k¿∏amWt√m. hne°s∏´ I\n Xn∂pI hgnbmWv a\pjy¿°v \∑Xn∑Isf Xncn®dnbphm\p≈ Ignhp≠mbsX∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw D¬tLmjn°p∂Xv. At∏mƒ ssZhw Ifhp]d™psh∂pw k¿∏w kXyw ]d™psh∂pamWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. CXv ssZhsØ∏‰n {]hmNI∑m¿ ]Tn∏n® hnhcWhpambn hyIv X amb sshcp≤yw {]ISn∏n°p∂p.

BXvaob acWa√! ChnsS km[mcWambn ]dbs∏Smdp≈ Hcp \ymbap≠v. BZmant\mSv ssZhw ]d™Xv BXv a obamb acWsØ°pdn®m sW∂pw ]m]w sNøpI hgn BZmw BXvaobambn acn®pIgn™p sh∂pamWv Nne¿ hmZn°mdp≈Xv. CXv icnb√. BZmant\mSv ssZhw ]d™Xv imcocnIamb acWsØ°pdn®v Xs∂bmbncp∂psh∂mWv ss__nfnse a‰v `mKßƒ hmbn®m¬ a\ nemhpI. ]utemkv FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: ""Hcp a\pjy\neqsS temIØn¬ ]m]ap≠mbn; ]m]ØneqsS acWhpw. A{]Imcw, F√m a\pjycpw ]m]w sNøpIbm¬ acWw F√m a\pjycnte°pw hym]n®p. \nbaw \¬Ip∂Xn\papºpXs∂ temIØn¬ ]m]ap≠mbncp∂p. ]s£, \nbaw C√mØnSØv ]m]w IW°nseSp°s∏´ncp∂n√. BZmw apX¬ tamsihscbp≈hcn¬, BZmw sNbvXXpt]mep≈ AXn{I aßƒ sNømXncp∂hcnepw acWw `cWw \SØn.'' (tdma 5:12˛14) BZmw ]m]w sNøpI hgnbmWv temIØnte°v acWw IS∂ph∂sX∂mWv ChnsS ]utemkv hmZn°p∂Xv. Cu acWw imcocnIamsW∂v apIfnse D≤cWnbn¬\n∂v kpXcmw hyIvXamWv. At∏mƒ ssZhw ]d™ Imcyhpw imcocnI acWsØ°pdn®pXs∂ bmIWw. ssZhw ]dbp∂Xv "AXv Xn∂p∂ \mƒ \o Xo¿®bmbpw acn°pw' F∂mWv . Cu {]hN\{]Imcw hne°s∏´ I\n Xn∂ ZnhkwXs∂ BZmw acWs∏SWw. Aßs\ kw`hn®ns√∂v am{Xa√, ]nimNv ]d™Xpt]mse \S°pIbpw sNbvXp. CXmWv. ChnSpsØ {][m\s∏´ {]iv\w!

191

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

ssZhØn\v `bw! a\pjysc GsZ≥ tXm´Øn¬ \n∂v ]pdØm°nb Imcyw hnhcn°ptºmgpw Cu sshcp≤yw {]ISamhp∂p. \∑Xn∑Isf°pdn® Adnhns≥d hr£Øn¬ \n∂v -^ew Xn∂psIm≠v ssZhsØt∏mse BbnØo¿∂ a\pjy≥ Pohhr£Øns≥d I\n IqSn `pPn®m¬ Aa¿Øy\mbn F√m A¿∞Ønepw ssZhXpey\mhpsa∂ `bw \nanØamWv ssZhw a\pjysc GZ≥tXm´Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pdØm°p∂Xv . D¬]Øn ]pkv X Iw ]dbp∂Xv t\m°pI:" A\¥cw I¿Ømhmb ssZhw Acpƒ sNbvXp: "t\m°pI, a\pjy≥ \∑Xn∑Iƒ Adn™v \Ωn¬ Hcphs\t∏mse BbnØo¿∂ncn°p∂p. C\n Ct∏mƒ Abmƒ ssI\o´n Pohhr£Øns≥d I\nIqSn ]dn®pXn∂v Fs∂∂pw Pohn°m≥ CShccpXv.'. Aßs\ I¿Ømhmb ssZhw Abmsf GsZ≥ tXm´Øn¬ \n∂p ]pdØm°n. Abmsf FhnsS \ns∂SpØpthm B `qanb¬ A[zm\n°phm≥ \ntbmKn°pIbpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ ssZhw a\pjysc Cd°nhn´p; Pohs≥d hr£Øn¶te°p≈ hgn Im°p∂Xn∂v GZ≥ tXm´Øn≥d Ing°p `mKØv Ah≥ sIcq_pIsf \n¿Øn; F√m hitØ°pw Xncn™psIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcp BKv t \bJUv K w kv Y m]n°pIbpw sNbvXp' (D¬]Øn 3:22˛24).

t\mlns\°pdn® Btcm]Wßƒ GItZiw CtX sshcp≤yw Xs∂bmWv t\mlns≥d Ncn{X IY\Ønepw ss__nƒ Bh¿Øn°p∂Xv . a\pjy¿ `qanbn¬ sNbvXpIq´p∂ \∑Xn∑Ifpw ZpjvSXIfpw I≠ ssZhØn\v a\w aSpØpsh∂pw a\pjys\ krjvSn® Xs≥d {]hrØnbn¬ Zp:Jw tXm∂nsb∂pamWv D¬]Øn ]pkv X Iw ]dbp∂Xv . "`qanbn¬ a\pjys≥d Xn∑ hepXmWv F∂pw lrZbhnNmcßfnse F√m `mh\bpw Ft∏mgpw ZpjvSamWv F∂pw I¿Ømhv I≠p. `qanbn¬ a\pjys\ krjv S n®Xn¬ I¿Ømhv Zp:Jn®p. AXv Ahs≥d lrZbsØ s\mºcs∏SpØn. AXpsIm≠v I¿Ømhv Acpƒ sNbvXp. "Rm≥ krjvSn® a\pjys\bpw arKßsfbpw CgP¥p° sfbpw BImiØnse ]£nIsfbpw Ahsb krjvSn®p F∂Xn¬ 192

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Rm≥ Zp:Jn°p∂p. F¶nepw t\mlv I¿Ømhn\v A`naX\mbncp∂p' (D¬]Øn 6:5˛8). a\pjyscbpw a‰p P¥p°sfbpw krjvSn®Xv A_≤ambnt∏mbn F∂ ssZhØns≥d Xncn®dnhmWv, D¬]Øn ]pkvXI {]Imcw, {]fbØn\v ImcWambn `hn®Xv . C∆njbIambn Jp¿B\nI ho£Whpambn CXv XnI™ sshcp≤yw ]pe¿Øp∂p. ssZhZqX\mb \qlv \_n(A)bpsS {]t_m[\w kzoIcn°mXncn°p Ibpw At±lØn\pw A\pbmbnIƒ°pw t\sc A{Iaagn®phnSp Ibpw sNbvX P\ßƒ°p≈ ssZhn-Iin£bmbns°m≠mWv {]fb ap≠mbsX∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv. \qlv \_n(A)bpw hnizmkn Ifpw am{XamWv {]fbØn¬ c£s∏´sX∂ Imcyhpw Jp¿B\nep≠v. F∂m¬ D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw t\mlns\ Hcp kXyaX{]t_m[I \mbn ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂n√. At±lw Hcp \√ a\pjy≥ am{XamWv. {]fbhpw \qlns≥d {]t_m[\hpw XΩn¬ bmsXmcp _\v[hpan√. a\pjycpsS AXn{Iaßƒ I≠v , Ahsc krjv S n®pt]mbXn¬ ]cnX]n®v, Ahsc \in∏n°m\mbn´mWv ssZhw {]fbap≠m°nXv. t\mlv \√ a\pjy\mbXn\m¬ {]fbØn¬ \n∂v Abmsfbpw IpSpw_sØbpw ssZhw c£n®psh∂pam{Xw. Ahnizmknbmb \qln(A)s≥d aI≥ {]fbØn¬ apßnacn®psh∂ Jp¿B\nI kqN\ {]fbw hnizmknIsf am{XamWv c£s∏SpØnbsX∂p hyIvXam°p∂p. D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØn¬ C°mcyw {]Xn]mZn°pt∂ bn√. hnizmknIƒ°mWv ssZhn-I klmbhpw AXpaqeap≈ A¥na hnPbhpap≠hpIsb∂ XXzw ]Tn∏n°phm≥ th≠nbmWv \qln (A)s≥d Ncn{Xw Jp¿B\n¬ D≤cn®ncn°p∂Xv . CtX Ncn{Xw blqZ d∫namcpsS ssI{InbIƒ°p hnt[bambt∏mƒ k¿hIme ⁄m\nbpw k¿∆iIv X \mb ssZhsØ "Xm≥ sNbv X pt]mb A_≤amtemNn®v Zp:Jn°p∂h\pw AXn∂p {]Xn{Inb sNøp∂h\p'ambn AhXcn∏n°phm\p≈ Hcp IY am{Xambn amdn. AXmWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØnse Bdp apX¬ HºXphscbp≈ A[ymbßfn¬ \mw ImWp∂Xv.

[¿a\njvS\mb aZy]≥! t\mlns\ [¿a\njv T \pw Ip‰a‰h\pambn´mWv D¬]Øn 193

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

]pkvXIØnse Bdmw A[ymbw ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv. "t\mlv [¿a \njv T \mbncp∂p˛ Xs≥d Xeapdbn¬ Ip‰a‰ a\pjy≥. t\mlv sZhtØmSp IqsS \S∂p' (D¬∏Øn 6:9,10) CtX t\mlv Xs∂ HºXmw A[ymbØnseØptºmtg°pw aZy]m\mbn amdp∂XmbmWv \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv. [¿a\njvT\mb t\mln¬ aZym]m\ Øns≥d ]nXrXzamtcm]n®v {]kvXpX Zp¿hrØnsb \ymboIcn°p∂ Xn∂mbp≈ blqZd∫namcpsS {iaØns≥d `mKambn \n¿an°s∏´ ss__nƒhN\ßƒ t\m°pI: "t\mlv I¿jI\mbncp∂p. ap¥ncn tØm´w BZyambn \´p ]nSn∏n®Xv Abmfmbncp∂p. t\mlv ho™p IpSn®v elcn _m[n®v \·\mbn IqSmcØn¬ InS∂p. ]nXmhns≥d \·X I≠n´v Im\ms≥d ]nXmhmb lmw shfnbn¬ sN∂p a‰p c≠p ktlmc∑mtcmSv hnhcw ]d™p. tiapw bms-^Øpw IqSn Hcp hkv { Xw FSpØv CcphcpsSbpw tXmfpIfnembn C´v , ]ndtIm´p \S∂psN∂v ]nXmhns≥d \·X ad®p' (D¬]Øn 9: 20˛23). [¿a\njvT\pw Ip‰a‰h\pamb t\mlv t]mepw \·X shfnhm Im≥ am{Xw aZy]n®p aØp]nSn°p∂bmfmbncp∂psh¶n¬ km[mc W°m¿ aZy]n°p∂Xv sX‰msW∂v ]dbm≥ Ignbptam? "C√' F∂ kzm`mhnI DØcw e`n°phm\mbnØs∂bmWv blqZd∫nam¿ t\mlns≥d Ncn{Xw hnIeam°nbXv . Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂ \qlmIs´ kXyaX {]t_m[I\v ]‰nb hyIvXnXzap≈ k∑m¿K \njvT\mb Hcp {]hmNI\mWv. At±lw ]dbp∂Xmbn Jp¿B≥ D≤cn°p∂Xv t\m°pI: "Fs≥d P\ßsf, F∂n¬ Zp¿am¿Ksam ∂pan√. ]t£, Rm≥ temI c£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂p≈ ZqX\mIp∂p' (7:61).

A{_lmapw hwiob Zpc`nam\hpw D∂X\mb ]nXmhv F∂v ]gb\nbaØn¬ A`nkwt_m[\ sNøs∏´ A{_lmans≥d Ncn{Xhpw ssIISØepIfn¬ \n∂p apIv X a√. XßfpsS tXm∂nhmkßsf \ymboIcn°phm\pw hwialna s]cp∏n®pImWn°p∂Xn∂pw th≠n tKm{X]nXmsh∂v hntijn∏n°s∏Sp∂ A{_lmans≥d Ncn{XØnepw blqZd∫nam¿ ambw tN¿Øn´ps≠∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. 194

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

GIssZhmcm[\bpsS ImcyØn¬ bmsXmcphn[ k\v [ n°pw k∂≤a√mbncp∂ C{_mlnw (A) [m¿anI PohnXw \bn®ncp∂ hyIvXnbmbncp∂psh∂pw kXyk‘\pw k∑m¿K\njvT\pambncp ∂psh∂pamWv Jp¿B≥ \ap°v ]cnNbs∏SpØnØcp∂Xv. "Xo¿®bbmbpw C{_mlnw A√mlphn\v Iogv s ]´p Pohn°p∂ t\¿hgnbn¬ (hyXnNen°msX) \nesIm≈p∂ Hcp kapZmbw Xs∂bmbncp∂p. At±lw _lpssZhhmZnIfn¬ s]´h\mbn cp∂n√' (16:120).

blqZ hwiobX A{_lmans≥d ]p{X∑mcmb bniv a mtbens\bpw CklmJn s\bpw Ipdn®p hnhcn°p∂ D¬]Øn ]pkvXI`mKßfn¬ blqZ hwiobXbpsSbpw ASnaItfmSp≈ AhcpsS {Iqcamb s]cpam‰Øn s≥dbpw {]Xn_nw_amWv ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv. A{_lman\v Xs≥d BZy`mcybmb kmdmbn¬ k¥m\ ku`mKyan√mbncp∂Xn\m¬ kmdm Xs∂ Xs≥d ASnabmbncp∂ lmKmdns\ At±lØns≥d `mcybmbn \¬IpIbmWp≠mbXv . "`mcybmb kmdmbv Xs≥d CuPn]vXpImcnbmb Zmkn lmKmdns\ `¿Ømhmb A{_man∂v Hcp `mcybmbn sImSpØp. A{_mw lmKmdns\ {]m]n®p. Ahƒ K¿`nWnbmbn' (D¬]Øn16:3). A{_lman¬ \n∂v K¿`nWnbmb lmKm¿ kmdmtbmSv A]acymZbmbn s]cpamdnbt∏mƒ lmKmdns\ {Iqcambn a¿Zn°phm\pw K¿`nWnbmb Ahsf ho´n¬ \n∂pw HmSn°phm\pw kmdmsb A{_lmw A\phZn®psh∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØn¬ \mw hmbn°p∂Xv. "A{_mw kmdmbntbmSv ]d™p:" t\m°q, \ns≥d Zmkn \ns≥d Iogn¬ Xs∂bmWv. \n\°v CjvSap≈ hn[w \o AhtfmSv s]cpamdns°m≈pI! XpS¿∂p kmdmbv lmKmdnt\mSv {Iqcambn s]cpamdn. lmKm¿ AhnsS \n∂v HmSnt∏mbn' (D¬]Øn 16:6). X∂n¬ \n∂v K¿`nWnbmb kv { Xosb Ah¿ ASnabmbn F∂ ImcWØm¬ ASnt®mSn°phm≥ Iq´p\n¬°p∂ A{_lmans≥d Nn{Xw \n¿an°pI hgn ASnakv{XoItfmSv GXp Xcw {IqcXbpw {]h¿Øn°phm\p≈ \nbaw \n¿an°phm\mWv blqZ d∫nam¿ {ian®ncn°p∂Xv. 195

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

XymKtam {IqcXtbm? XßfpsS {Iqcamb PohnX coXn°\pkrXambn alm∑mcpsS PohnXsØ am‰nsbgpXnbt∏mgp≠mb sshcp≤yßƒ Ncn{XsagpØnepS\ofw ImW≥ Ignbpw. hm¿≤IyImeØp≠mb Xs≥d ]p{X≥ bnivamtebnens\bpw `mcy lmKmdns\bpw acp`qanbn¬ X\n®m°phm\p≈ ssZhnI I¬]\ \ndth‰nb alm\mWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ C{_mlnw (A). D¬]Øn ]pkv X IamIs´ Cu kw`hsØbpw lmKm¿ F∂ ASnakv { Xosbbpw ]p{Xs\bpw ]oUn∏n°m\p≈ kmdmbpsS {iaØn\v A{_lmw Iq´p\n∂Xn\v DZmlcWambn´mWv D≤cn°p∂Xv. Ccp]sØm∂mw A[ymbw t\m°pI: "inip hf¿∂p.CklmJns≥d apeIpSn am‰nb Znhkw A{_lmw hensbmcp hncp∂p \¬In. CuPn]v‰pImcnbmb lmKmdn¬ A{_lman\v P\n® ]p{X≥ Xs≥d ]p{X\mb CklmJnt\m sSm∂n®p Ifn°p∂Xv kmdm I≠p. km-dm A{_lmant\mSp]d™p: "Cu ASnas∏Æns\bpw ]p{Xs\bpw ASn®p ]pdØm°pI. Cu ASnas∏Æns≥d ]p{X≥ Fs≥d ]p{X\mb CklmJns∂m∏w AhIminbmbnØo¿∂p IqSm'. bnivamtbepw Xs≥d ]p{X\mIbm¬ C°mcyw A{_lman\v Gsd A\njv S ambn. F∂m¬ ssZhw A{_lmant\mSv Acpƒ sNbvXp. "ASnas∏Ænt\bpw Ip´ntbbpw {]Xn \o A\njv S w hnNmcnt°≠. kmdm ]dbp∂Xp t]mse {]h¿Øn°pI. CklmJneqsSbmbncn°pw \ns≥d k¥Xn]cºc Adnbs∏SpI. ASnas∏Æns≥d ]p{Xs\bpw Rm≥ Hcp P\Xbm°pw. Abmfpw \ns≥d k¥XnbmWt√m'. A{_lmw AXncmhnse Fgpt∂‰v A∏hpw Hcp XpcpØnsh≈hpw lmKmdns\ G¬]n®p. Ip´nsb tXmfn¬ sh®v Ahsf ]d™b®p.Ah¿ AhnSw hn´p, t_¿ti_ acp`qanbn¬ Ae™p \S∂p' (D¬]Øn 21:8˛14).

sshcp≤yßƒ bYm¿∞Øn¬ bnivamtbens\ acp`qanbn¬ Dt]£n® kw`hw \S°p∂Xv CkvlmJns≥d P\\Øn\p apºmWv. CkvlmJn\p≈ 196

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Hu∂XyØns≥dbpw ASnakv { XotbmSpw aIt\mSpw sNømhp∂ {IqcXIfpsSbpw sXfnhmbp≤cn°p∂Xn∂p th≠nbmWv {]kvXpX kw`hsØ CkvlmJns≥d P\\Øn\v tijtØ°v hen®ng®Xv. bniv a tb¬ hfsc sNdnb Hcp Ip™mbncp∂ ImeØmWv Cu kw`hw \S∂sX∂v apIfnep≤cn® D¬]Øn hN\Øn¬ \n∂p hyIvXamWv. "Ipńsb tXmfn¬ sh®v Ahsf ]d™b®p' (21:14) sh∂v ]d™Xn¬ \n∂v tXmfØv sh°m≥ am{Xta bnivambnen\v A∂v {]mbap≠mbncp∂p≈qsh∂v a\ nemIp∂p."XpcpØnbnse sh≈w Xo¿∂t∏mƒ Ahƒ Ipńsb Hcp Ip‰n°mń¬ Dt]£n®p. Ahƒ AhnsS \n∂v Ipd®Ise, AXmbXv GItZiw Hcp hn¬]mSp Zqsc amdn ]pdw Xncn™ncp∂v . - "F\n°v Ip™ns≥d acWw ImtW≠' F∂p ]d™p. Ahƒ Zqsc amdn ]n≥Xncn™ncp∂t∏mƒ Ipń Dds° Ic™p' (D¬]Øn 21:15,16). Cu hN\ßsf√mw hfsc sNdnb Hcp iniphmbncn°p tºmgmWv bniv a mtb¬ Xs≥d amXmhnt\msSm∏w acp`qanbn¬ Dt]£n°s∏´sX∂v hyIvXam°p∂p. "lmKm¿ bnivambnens≥d {]khn®t∏mƒ A{_lman\v F¨]Ømdv hb mbncp∂p' (D¬]Øn 16:16). "]p{X\mb CkvlmJv ]nd∂t∏mƒ A{_lman∂v \qdv hb mbncp∂p' (D¬]Øn 21:5). CXn¬ \n∂v CkvlmJv P\n°ptºmƒ bnivamtben\v ]Xn\mep hb v {]mbambncp∂psh∂v a\ nem°mw. CkvlmJns≥d apeIpSn amdnb ZnhkamWv D¬]Øn ]pkv X Iw ]dbp∂Xpt]mse bniv a mbnens\bpw amXmhns\bpw acp`qanbn¬ Dt]£n®sX¶n¬ A∂v bnivambo¬ ]Xn\mdp hb p {]mbap≈bmfmbncn°Ww. Hcp ]Xn\mdp hb pImcs\ amXmhv tXmfn¬ sh°ptam? acp`qanbn¬ Dt]£n°s∏´ bnivamtbens≥d Nn{Xw D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw Ccp]Ønsbm∂mw A[ymb{]Imcw Hcp ]Xn\mdpImct≥dXs√∂pd∏mWv. Cu sshcp≤yØn\p≈ ImcWw blqZd∫namcpsS ssI{InbIfmWv. kz¥w C—°\pkcn®v {]hmNI∑mcpsS Ncn{Xw am‰nsbgpXnbt∏mƒ kzm`mhnIambp≠mb sshcp≤yßsf°pdn®v d∫nam¿ A⁄cmbncp∂psh∂p thWw a\ nem°phm≥. 197

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Ckvamtbtem CkvlmtJm? kz]p{Xs\ _enbdp°phm\p≈ ssZhI¬]\ \ndth‰phm≥ k ∂ ≤ \ m b A { _ l m a n s \ ° p d n ® v h n h c n ° p ∂ n S Ø p w Cu sshcp≤yw {]ISamhp∂p≠v . Ah C{kmtbeycn¬ am{Xta ssZhm\p{Klap≠mbn´p≈psh∂v kvYm]n°p∂Xn\v th≠n _enI¿ΩsØ am‰nsbgpXnbXpsIm≠p≠mbXmWv. hm¿≤IyØn¬ C{_mloan\v BZyap≠mb ]p{Xs\ _enbdp°phm≥ I¬]n®p sIm≠v At±lsØ A√mlp ]co£n®psh∂pw XymKßfpsS Xo®qfbneqsS Pohn®p hf¿∂ alm\mb C{_mlnw {]kv X pX ]co£WØn¬ hnPbn®psh∂p amWv Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv . _enbdp°phm≥ ssZhw I¬]n®Xv A{_lmans≥d BZysØ ]p{Xs\Øs∂bmbncp∂psh∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂v a\ nemhp∂Xv. kz¥w ]p{Xs\ Adp°phm≥ th≠n ssIImepIƒ sIń _en]oTØn\v apIfn¬ InSØns°m≠v IØn FSpØ kabØv BImiØp \n∂v I¿Ømhns≥d amemJ ]d™Xmbn D¬]Øn ]pkv X Iw D≤cn°p∂Xv t\m°pI: "IpńbpsS ta¬ ssIsh°cpXv. Ahs\ H∂pw sNøcpXv. \ns≥d ]p{Xs\, \ns≥d GIPmXs\ Xs∂ Xcphm≥ \o ssha\kyw ImWn°mbvIbm¬, \o ssZhsØ `bs∏Sp∂p F∂v Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ Adnbp∂p (D¬]Øn 22:12). "\ns≥d GIPmXs\' (Your only son) F∂mWv amemJ ]dbp∂Xv F∂ Imcyw {i≤n°pI. _enbdp°phm\mbn I¬]n°s∏´ ImeØv A{_lman\v Hscm‰]p{X≥ am{Xap≠mbncp ∂p≈psh∂mWt√m CXn¬ \n∂v a\ nemt°≠Xv. BZy]p{X\mb bnivamtbens\b√msX ZznXob\mb CkvlmJns\bmWv _enbdp°phm\p≈ I¬]\bp≠mbsX¶n¬ "\ns≥d GIPmXs\' F∂p amemJ ]dbpambncp∂pthm? bYm¿∞Øn¬ _enbdp°phm\p≈ ssZhI¬]\bn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ C°mcyw hyIvXambpw a\ nemIp∂p≠v. " ssZhw I¬]n®p: "\ns≥d ]p{Xs\, \o AXy[nIw kv t \ln°p∂ GIPmX\mb CkvlmJns\, Iqńs°m≠v tamdnbm tZitØ°p t]mIpI. AhnsS Rm≥ I¬]n°p∂ aebn¬ Ahs\ F\n°p tlman°pI' (D¬]Øn 22:2).ChnsS, GIPmX\mb CkvlmJn's\ F∂mWv ssZhI¬]\ 198

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

bnep≈Xv. CklmJv Fßs\bmWv GIPmX\mIp∂Xv? At±lw A{_lmans≥d ZznXob ]p{X\mWt√m. ChnsS, Cu I¬]\bn¬ "CkvlmJns\' sb∂v blqZ d∫nam¿ Iqńt®¿ØXmsW∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. ASnakv{Xobn¬ P\n® a°ƒ kz¥w ]p{X∑mcmbn Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv A]am\ambn IcpXs∏ńcp∂ blqZ]mcºcyØn\v A\pkrXamb coXnbn¬ A{_mlmans≥d Ncn{Xw hfs®mSn°s∏´t∏mgmWv "Ckv l mJv ' GIPmX\mbn amdnbXv. ASna kv{Xobnep≠mb ]p{Xs\ A{_lmw aI\mbnØs∂ ]cnKWn®ncp∂n√ F∂mWt√m CXn¬ \n∂v a\ nemt°≠Xv. F∂m¬ D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw Xs∂ \¬Ip∂ A{_lmans≥d Ncn{Xhpambn CXv hyIvXamb sshcp≤yw {]ISn∏n°p∂p. A{_lmw bnivambnens\ ]p{X\mbnØs∂bmWv ]cnKWn®ncp∂Xv F∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂v a\ nemIp∂Xv. P\\w apX¬ (16:15,16) ]cntOZ\bnepw a‰p I¿Ωßfnepw (17:23) {]m¿∞\bnepw (17:20) Aßs\ kIehn[ Imcyßfnepw bnivambnens\ kz]p{X\mbnØs∂bmWv A{_lmw ]cnKWn®ncp ∂Xv F∂p Xs∂bmWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØnep≈Xv. am{Xhpa√, CjvS`mcybn¬ P\n® c≠masØ]p{X\v A\njvS`mcybn¬ P\n® BZy]p{X\v \¬tI≠ AhImiw \¬Ip∂Xv ]gb\nba{]Imcw ]m]amWv . Bh¿Ø\ ]pkv X IØnse ssZhI¬]\ t\m°pI: "Hcmƒ°v c≠p `mcyam¿ D≠v F∂pw Ahcn¬ Hcphsf Abmƒ kvt\ln°pIbpw a‰hsf shdp°pIbpw sNøp∂psh∂pw IcpXpI. kvt\ln°pIbpw shdp°pIbpw sNøp∂ `mcyamcn¬ Abmƒ°v k¥m\ßƒ P\n°pIbpw BZyPmX≥ Abmƒ shdp°p∂ `mcybn¬ \n∂p P\n°bpw sNbvXm¬,Xs≥d kzØp°ƒ k¥m\ß ƒ°v AhImiambn `mKn®p sImSp°ptºmƒ, shdp°p∂hfn¬ \n∂v P\n®h\pw BZyPmX\pambh\p ]Icw kvt\ln°p∂hfnep≠mb ]p{Xs\ BZyPmX\mbn Abmƒ ]cnKWn°cpXv. Abmƒ X\n°p≈ F√m kzØn¬ \n∂pw Ccń Hmlcn \¬In shdp°p∂ `mcybpsS ]p{Xs\ BZyPmX\mbn AwKoIcn°Ww. AbmfpsS hocyØn≥d BZyêw B ]p{X\mWt√m. BZyPmX\p≈ AhImiw B ]p{X\pXs∂' (Bh¿Ø\w 21:15˛17). lmKm¿ ASnakv{Xobmbncp∂ 199

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Xn\m¬ A{_mlnan\m¬ shdp°s∏´hfmbncp∂psh∂ blqZ d∫namcpsS hmZw AwKoIcn®m¬Xs∂, apIfn¬ hnhcn® ssZhI¬]\{]Imcw BZyPmX\p≈ AhImiØn\v A¿l≥ bnivamtb¬ Xs∂bmsW∂v hyIvXamWv. CkvlmJns\ A{_lmans≥d GIPmX\mbn ]cnNbs∏SpØpI hgn D¬]Øn 22:2 {]Imcw ssZhwXs∂ bnivamtben¬ A{_lmans≥d ]p{X\s√∂v AwKoIcn®psh∂v ]dtb≠nhcpw.

A{_lmwIY, blqZ hwiobXbpsS krjvSn Cu s s h c p ≤ y Ø n \ p ≈ I m c W w X ß f p s S h w i o b Zpc`nam\Øn\v am‰pIq´phm≥ th≠n {]hmNINcn{XØn¬ blqZ d∫nam¿ \SØnb ssI{InbIfmWv . A{_lmans≥d ZznXob ]p{X\mb CkvlmJns≥d aI\mb bmt°m_ns≥d ]p{X∑mcmWv C{kmtbey¿. ssZhnIamb kIeam\ A\p{Klßfpw h¿jn° s∏´ncn°p∂Xpw h¿jn°s∏Sm≥ t]mhp∂Xpw C{kmboey¿°nS bn¬ am{XamsW∂mbncp∂p blqZ d∫nam¿ {]Ncn∏n®ncp∂Xv . kz]p{Xs\ _enbdp°phm\p≈ I¬]\b\pkcn®psIm≠v ssZhm\p{KlØn\v ]m{Xamb A{_lman\v ssZhw \¬Ip∂ hcZm\ßsf°pdn®v D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØnep≠v. AXnßs\bmWv "\o CXp sNbvXncn°bm¬, \ns≥d ]p{Xs\, \ns≥d GIPmXs\ Xcm≥ \o aSn°mbvIbm¬ F∂msW, Rm≥ Cßs\ {]XnPvR sNøp∂p˛ CXp I¿ØmhmWv Acpƒ sNøp∂Xv : Rm≥ \ns∂ kar≤ambn A\p{Kln°pw. \ns≥d k¥Xnsb Rm≥ BImiØnse \£{Xßsft∏msebpw IS¬°cbnse aW¬Øcn Isft∏msebpw AXy[nIw h¿≤n∏n- ° pw. \ns≥d k¥XnIƒ i{Xp°fpsS ]´WhmXnepIƒ ssIhis∏SpØpw. \o Fs≥d hm°v A\pkcn®Xn\m¬ \ns≥d k¥XnIfneqsS `qanbnse F√m P\XIfpw A\p{Kln°s∏Spw'(D¬]Øn 22:16˛19). bnivamtbemWv _enbdp°s∏Sm\mbn I¬]n°s∏´sX¶n¬ Cu A\p{Klßƒ apgph\pap≠mhpI bniv a mtb¬ k¥XnIfnemsW∂p hcpw. blqZ∑mcmIs´ bnivamboens≥d A\pPktlmZc\mb CkvlmJn s≥d k¥Xn]cºcIfnemWv Dƒs∏Sp∂Xv. Xßfne√msX ssZhm 200

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

\p{Klap≠mhpIsb∂Xv C{kmCuey¿°v Hcp ImcWhimepw AwKoIcn°m≥ ]‰mØ Imcyambncp∂p. AXpsIm≠p IqSnbmWv blqZd∫nam¿ Ckv l mJns\ A{_lmans≥d GIPmX\m°n am‰nbXv. XßfpsS hwiob Zpc`nam\Øns≥d kwc£WØn\p th≠n F¥pw sNøm≥ aSnbn√mØhcpw ASnakv{Xobnep≠mb kz]p{X\v ]p{X]Zhn \¬Iphm≥ hnkΩXn®ncp∂hcpambncp∂p C{kmCuey¿ F∂mWv A{_lmans≥d Ncn{XØn¬ blqZd∫nam¿ \SØnb ssI{InbIƒ ImWn°p∂Xv. hwiob Zpc`nam\Øns≥d ImcyØn¬ XßfpsS ]q¿∆nI∑mcpsS kz`mhw ]q¿ÆambnØs∂ Dƒs°m≈p∂ A`n\h C{kmCueycpsS kvYnXnbpw CXn¬ \n∂v henb hyXymkap≈X√t√m.

temØpw Zp¿hrØnIfpw A{_lmans≥d kaImenI\pw ktlmZc]p{X\pambncp∂ temØns≥d Nncn{XØnepw blqZ∑m¿ XßfpsS Zp¿hrØnIƒ Btcm]n®Xmbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ktZmansebpw Ktamdbntebpw P\ßƒ ssZhnIam¿KZ¿i\Øn¬ \n∂v AI∂v {]IrXnhncp≤ ssewKnI _\v [ ØneqsS \n¿hrXnbS™psIm≠v Pohn®t∏mƒ Ahsc kXyam¿KØnte°v £Wn°phm≥ th≠n \nbpIvX\mb {]hmNI\mbncp∂p Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ eqXzv \_n(A) (7: 80˛84). D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØnsehnsSbpw temØv Hcp {]hmN I\msW∂p ]d™n´ns√¶nepw At±lw hnip≤\mbncp∂psh∂p Xs∂bmWv {]kvXpX ]pkvXIw hmbn®m¬ a\ nemIpI. ktZmw Ktamd \nhmknIsf apgph≥ AhcpsS ]m]Øns≥d t]cn¬ in£°v hn[n®t∏mƒ temØnt\bpw IpSpw_tØbpw c£n°m\mbn amemJam¿ At±lØn\v {]tXyI t_m[\w \¬Inbncp∂psh∂Xn¬ \n∂v Xs∂ At±lw hnip≤\pw ssZhØm¬ AwKoIcn°s∏´h\pambncp∂psh∂v a\ nem°mhp ∂XmWv. am{Xa√, temØv \oXnam\pw hnip≤\pambncp∂psh∂ Hcp ]cºcmKX hnizmkw blqZ∑m¿°nSbn¬ D≠mbncp∂psh∂v 201

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

]pXnb\nbaØnse Nne {]kv X mh\Iƒ hyIv X am°p∂pap≠v . ]t{Xmkv FgpXp∂Xv t\m°pI: " hjfcpsS Agn™m´w I≠v Gsd a\ p s\m¥ \oXnam\mb temØns\ Ah≥ c£n®p. B \oXnam\mb a\pjy≥ AhcpsS at[y hkn®ncp∂t∏mƒ I≠pw tI´pw aSpØ AhcpsS A\ymb{]hrØnIƒ, AbmfpsS \oXn\njvTamb a\ ns\ A\pZn\w Xo{hambn thZ\n∏n®ncp∂p' (2 ]t{Xmkv 2:7,8).

kz]p{Xnamcpambn ibn°p∂ \oXnam≥! hnip≤\pw \oXnam\psa∂v hntijn∏n°s∏Sp∂ temØns≥d hyIvXnPohnXw A[m¿anIhpw tæ—hpambncp∂psh∂v hcpØnØo¿°m\mbn D¬]Øn ]pkv X Iw {ian®ncn°p∂Xv t\m°pI:"(temØns≥d) aqØ ]p{Xn CfbhtfmSv ]d™p.: \ΩpsS ]nXmhv hr≤\mbncn°p∂p. `qanbnse \S∏\pkcn®v \tΩmSv CW tNcm≥ `qanbn¬ Hcp ]pcpj\pw C√. hm, \ap°v ]nXmhns\ ho™p IpSn∏n°mw. ]nXmhnt\msSm∏w ibn®v ]nXmhn¬ \n∂v k¥XnIsf t\Smw! A∂p cm{Xn Ah¿ ]nXmhns\ ho™p IpSn∏n®p. aqØ ]p{Xn AIØp sN∂v ]nXmhnt\msSm∏w ibn®p. Ahƒ Ft∏mƒ h∂p ibns®t∂m Ft∏mƒ Fgpt∂‰p t]msbt∂m H∂pw Abmƒ Adn™n√. ASpØ Znhkw aqØhƒ- CfbhtfmSv ]d™p: "C∂se Rm≥ \ΩpsS ]nXmhnt\msSm∏w ibn®p. C∂p cm{Xnbpw \ap°v ]nXmhns\ ho™v IpSn∏n°mw. A\¥cw \o AIØp t]mbn ]nXmhnt\msSm∏w ibn®v \ΩpsS ]nXmhneqsS \ap°v k¥XnIsf t\SpI' A∂p cm{Xnbpw Ah¿ ]nXmhns\ ho™p IpSn∏n®p. Cfb ]p{Xn Fgpt∂‰p sN∂v AbmfpsS IqsS ibn®p. Ahƒ Ft∏mƒ h∂p ibns®t∂m, Ft∏mƒ Fgpt∂‰p t]msbt∂m H∂pw Abmƒ Adn™n√. Aßs\ temØns≥d c≠p ]p{Xnamcpw ]nXmhn\m¬ K¿`hXnIfmbn' (D¬]Øn 19: 31˛36). kz¥w ]p{XnamtcmsSm∏w ssewKnI _\v[Ønte¿s∏´ temØns\ \oXnams\∂p hnfn°m\mhptam? \oXnam\pw hnip≤\pambncp∂ temØv t]mepw ho™v IpSn®p e-l-cn- _m-[nX-\m-bn- kz]p{XnamtcmsSm∏w ibn®bmfmsW∂v hcpØnØo¿°pI 202

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

hgn XßfpsS Zp¿hrØnIsf \ymboIcn°phm\p≈ t]mwhgnbp≠m °pIbmWv blqZ d∫nam¿ sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. ktZmw Ktamdbnse P\ßƒ sNbv X Xnepw henb sX‰mWv temØv sNbv X sX∂v D¬]Øn ]pkvXIØnse Ncn{XIY\w AwKoIcn°pIbmsW¶n¬ ]dtb≠nhcpw. ktZmw Ktamdsb \in∏n®t∏mgpw ssZhw {]tXyIambn ]cnc£n® temØv C{Xb[nIw [m¿anIambn A[:]Xn°pIbns√∂v kmam\y_p≤nXs∂ ]dbp∂ ImcyamWv. At±lw Hcp {]hmNI\mbncp∂psh∂v hnizkn°p∂ apkvenwIsf kw_\v[n®nStØmfw eqXzv \_n(A) hnip≤\pw \oXnam\pambn cp∂psh∂v AwKoIcn°¬ \n¿∫\v [ amWv . AXp Xs∂bmWv bmYm¿∞yhpw. Btcm]n°s∏´ncn°p∂ A[m¿anI hrØnIƒ blqZd∫namcpsS krjvSnbmWv; Xo¿®.

bmt°m_ns≥d NXnIƒ Ckv l mJns≥d aI\pw C{kmCu¬ XdhmSns≥d ]nXmhmbn Adnbs∏Sp∂bmfpamb bmt°m_ns≥d Nncn{XsØbpw blqZ d∫nam¿ shdpsX hnńń√. Xßƒ sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂ NXnsbbpw h©\sbbpw \ymboIcn°m\pXIp∂ coXnbnemWv bmt°m_ns≥d Ncn{Xw cNn°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv.

]nXmhns\ I_fn∏n°p∂p ]nXmhmb CkvlmJn¬ \n∂v A\p{Klßƒ t\Sp∂Xp apX¬°mcw`n°p∂p bmt°m_ns≥d NXn{]tbmKßƒ. Ckv l mJns≥d aqØ]p{X≥ Gimhmbncp∂p. \nba{]Imcw A\p{Klßƒ e`nt°≠Xv At±lØn\mWv. AXp sIm≠p Xs∂ CkvlmJv hr≤\mbn ImgvNiIvXn \in®t∏mƒ Xs≥d aqØaI\mb Gimhns\ hnfn®p ]d™p: "\o F\n°p th≠n GsX¶nepsamcp arKsØ th´bmSpI. F\n°njv S ap≈ coXnbn¬ cpNnIcamb `£WwXømdm°n sIm≠phcnI. Rm≥ `£n°s´. acn°p∂Xn\v apºv \ns∂ Rm≥ A\p{Kln°mw' (D¬]Øn 27: 3,4). CXv bmt°m_ns≥d amXmhmb dns_° tI´p. Ah¿ C°mcyw 203

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

bmt°m_nt\mSv ]d™p. ]nXmhns≥d A\p{Klw XńsbSp°p ∂Xn\v th≠ kq{Xßƒ Ah¿ Xømdm°n. amXmhns≥d klmb tØmsS kzktlmZcs\ NXn®v Npfphn¬ A\p{Klw t\Sphm\p≈ ]≤Xn°v bmt°m_v cq]w \¬In. kz¥w Bń≥]‰Øn¬ \n∂v bmt°m_v \√ c≠v Bń≥IpńIsf ]nSn®p sIm≠p h∂p AΩsbG¬]n®p. AXpsIm≠v cpNnIcamb `£Ww dns_° Xømdm°n. aqØ]p{X \mb Gimhns≥d hkv { XßsfSpØv dns_° bmt°m_ns\ AWnbns®mcp°n. Bń≥ IpńIfpsS tXmep]tbmKn®v ssIIfpw IgpØnse tcmaan√mØ `mKßfpw ad®v sXm´pt\m°nbm¬ tcma mhrXamb i c oc ap≈ Gi mhm sW ∂ v tX m ∂ n∏ n°p ∂ coXnbnep≈ aps∂mcp°ßƒ \SØn. AXn∂p tijw dns_° ]mIw sNbv X `£W]Zm¿∞ßfpambn ]nXmhns≥d ASp°¬ sN∂v bmt°m_v ]d™p: "AßbpsS BZy PmXmhmb GimhmWv Rm≥. Aßv Bhiys∏´ {]Imcw Rm≥ {]h¿Øn®p. Fgpt∂‰ncp∂v Fs≥d th´bnd®n Xn∂v Fs∂ A\p{Kn®mepw' (D¬]Øn 27:19). bmt°m_ns≥d kzcw tI´v kwibmephmbnØo¿∂ Ckv l mJv At±lsØ XShn t\m°n. icocØnse tcmaclnXamb `mKßƒ Bń≥sXmen sIm≠v ad®ncp∂Xn\m¬ CkvlmJv AXv Gimhp Xs∂bmsW∂v IcpXn. At±lw BXv a KXw sNbv X p, "kzcw bmt°m_nt≥dXmWv , ]t£, ssIIƒ Gimhnt≥dXp Xs∂' (D¬]Øn 27:22).

tPyjvTt\mSp≈ h©\ kz¥w ]nXmhns\ I_fn∏n®psIm≠p tPyjvT\mb Gimhns\ h©n°phm\p≈ bmt°m_ns≥d ]≤XnbpsS ]cyhkm\w bmt°m_ns≥d hnPbØnembncp∂psh∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw ]dbp∂Xv. {]kvXpX `mKw {i≤n°pI: "bmt°m_v `£Ww sIm≠p sN∂p sImSpØp. CkvlmJv `£n®p. bmt°m_v ho™p sIm≠p h∂p; CkvlmJv IpSn®p. ]nXmhmb CkvlmJv AbmtfmSv ]d™p, "aIs\ ASpØp h∂v Fs∂ Npw_n®mepw'. Aßs\ bmt°m_v ASpØp sN∂v ]nXmhns\ Npw_n®p. Ckv l mJv ]p{Xs≥d 204

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

hkv{XßfpsS aWw Adn™n´v Abmsf A\p{Kln®p ]d™p: "lm! Fs≥d ]p{Xs≥d K\v[w I¿Ømhv A\p{Kln® hbens≥d K\v[w t]mse! BImiØnse a™p Xp≈nbpw `qanbpsS kºpjvSnbpw \nch[n [m\yhpw ho≠pw ssZhw \n\°p \¬Is´. P\]Zßƒ \ns∂ tkhn°s´. P\XIƒ \ns≥d apºn¬ IpºnSs´. ktlmZc∑m ¿°v \o {]`phmbncn°pI. \ns≥d AΩbpsS k¥m\ßƒ \ns≥d apºn¬ IpºnSs´. \ns∂ i]n°p∂hsc√mw A`ni]vX¿; \ns∂ A\p{Kln°p∂hsc√mw A\p{KloX¿' (D¬]Øn 27: 25˛29). X\n°v AhImis∏ńcp∂ A\p{Klw XńsbSp°s∏´Xdn™v Gimhv ]dbp∂ ]Zßƒ bmt°m_ns\°pdn®p GXp cq]Ønep≈ Nn{XamWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw \¬Ip∂sX∂v a\ nem°nØcp∂p. "Gimhv ]d™p: "Ahs≥d t]cpXs∂ bmt°m_v F∂mWt√m. CXnt∏mƒ c≠mw XhWbmWv Ah≥ Fs∂ h©n°p∂Xv. Ah≥ Fs≥d tPymjv T mhImiw A]lcn®p. Ct∏mgnXm F\n°p≈ A\p{Klhpw A]lcn®ncn°p∂p' (D¬]Øn 27:36). C { k m Cu e n s ≥ d ] n X m h m b b m t ° m _ v A \ p { K l ß ƒ t\SnsbSpØXv h©\bneqsSbmsW¶n¬ {]kvXpX A\p{Klßƒ \ne\n¿Øphm\mbn NXnbpw h©\sbm∂pw sNøp∂Xn¬ sX‰ns√∂p hcp∂p. bmt°m_v Ckvl mJn¬ \n∂v NXnbneqsS t\SnsbSpØ A\p{KlamWv bYm¿∞Øn¬ C{kmCueycpsS A\p{KlØn\p apgph≥ ImcWambnØo¿∂Xv F∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw hmbn°p∂ Hcmƒ°v tXm∂pI. {]kvXpX A\p{Klw XńsbSpØnń√mbncp∂psh¶n¬ Gimhns≥d ]p{X]cºc°mIp ambncp∂p˛C{kmCuey¿°v A√˛ Cu A\p{Klw e`yamhpI. h©\bm¬ t\SnsbSpØ A\p{Klw kwc£n°p∂Xn\v th≠n NXnbpw h©\bpw sNøp∂Xv sX‰s√∂v C{kmCueysc ]Tn∏n°p ∂Xn\v th≠nbmbncn°Ww blqZ d∫nam¿ bmt°m_ns\°pdn® Cu IY sa\™p≠m°nbXv . D¬]Øn ]pkv X Iw XpS¿∂p hnhcn°p∂ bmt°m_n≥d Ncn{XØnepw NXn°pw h©\°pw th≠{X kvYm\w \¬InbXpw CXpsIm≠p Xs∂bmbncn°Ww. bmt°m_n\v ssZhnIZ¿i\ap≠mbXmbn D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw 205

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

]dbp∂ps≠¶nepw {]kv X pX Z¿i\Øn\v tijhpw At±lw ]gb]Sn NXnbpw h©\bpsa√mw XpS¿∂ncp∂psh∂mWv hmb\°mc\v a\ nemhpI. Xs≥d `mcym]nXmhns≥d ImenkºØv apgph≥ Hcp kq{Xw {]tbmKn®v ssIhis∏SpØnbXpw (30:37˛43) a°sfs°m≠v \Kcw sIm≈ sNøn®Xpsa√mw (34:25˛31) ssZhn-I shfn]mSn\p tijap≠mb bmt°m_ns≥d {]hrØnIfm bn´mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw hnhcn°p∂Xv. GXmbmepw hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂ bAvJq_v \_nbpsS Nn{Xw CXn¬ \ns∂√mw hfsc hyXykv X amWv . ]cnip≤\pw kZv h rØ\pambncp∂p bAv J q _v \_nsb∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. "At±lØn\v (C{_mlo an\v) \mw CkvlmJns\ {]Zm\w sNbvXp. ]pdsa (]u{X≥) bAvJq _ns\bpw. Ahscsb√mw \mw kZvhrØcm°nbncn°p∂p' (21:72).

tamsi, \ymb{]amWØns\Xnsc ]©]pkvXIßfn¬ BZytØXmb D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw bmt°m_ns≥d ]p{X\mb tbmk^ns≥d A¥ytØmSp IqSn Ahkm\n°p∂p. _m°n \mep ]pkv X Ißfnepw˛ ]pd∏mSv , tehnb¿, kwJy, Bh¿Ø\w ˛ tamsibpsS Ncn{XamWv hnhcn° s∏´ncn°p∂Xv . hniZambn hnhcn°s∏´ncn°p∂ tamsibpsS Ncn{XØnepw Xßƒ°mhiyamb am‰ØncpØepIƒ hcpØm≥ blqZ∑m¿ ssha\kyw ImWn®ncp∂ns√∂p Xs∂bmWv a\ nem °m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. tamsibpsS \ymb{]amWØnse {][m\s∏´ I¬]\Ifnsem ∂mWv "Hcp hn{Klhpw \n\°mbn D≠m°cpXv, apIfn¬ kz¿KØn ep≈tXm Xmsg `qanbnep≈tXm `qan°Snbn¬ sh≈Ønep≈tXm Bb bmsXm∂ns≥dbpw _nw_w D≠m°cpXv' (]pd∏mSv 20:4) F∂ I¬∏\. C°mcyw Ipd®pIqSn hyIvXambn Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØn¬ ]dbp∂Xv t\m°pI: "BWns≥dtbm s]Æns≥dtbm Ombbp≈tXm, `qanbnse GsX¶nepw arKØns≥d Ombbp≈tXm, BImiNmcnIfmb GsX¶nepw H∂ns≥d Ombbp≈tXm, `qan°p Xmsg sh≈Ønep≈ GsX¶nepw aXvky Øns≥d Ombbp≈tXm Bb sImØpcq]ßtfm 206

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

{]XnaItfm \n\°v th≠n D≠m°n ZqjnXcmhcpXv' (Bh¿Ø\w 4: 17,18). Cu I¬]\Ifnsem∂pw Xs∂ hn{Klßsf Bcm[n°cpXv F∂√; {]XypX Hcp krjv S nbpsS hn{Klßsfm {]XnaItfm D≠m°cpXv F∂pXs∂bmWv ]d™n´p≈sX∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw {it≤bamWv.

hn{Klw \n¿an°p∂ tami tamsi {]hmNI≥ Xs∂ Cu I¬]\ ewLn®psh∂p hcnIn¬ B¿°mWv AX\pkcn®p Pohn°phm≥ IgnbpI?. "hn{Kl ßfp≠m°cpXv ' F∂ \ymb{]amWØnse hyIv X amb I¬]\ H∂ne[nIw XhW tamsi ewLn®Xmbn ]©]pkv X Ißfn¬ ImWmw. I¿Ømhv tamsitbmSv I¬]n°p∂Xmbn ]pd∏mSv ]pkvXIØn¬ hnhcn°p∂Xv t\m°pI: "A\¥cw X¶w sIm≠p≈ Hcp Ir]mk\w \n¿Ωn°Ww. AXns≥d \ofw c≠c apghpw hoXn H∂c apghpw Bbncn°Ww. kz¿ÆØInSv ASn®p c≠p sIcq_pIsf \n¿Ωn®v Ir]mk\Øns≥d c≠v A‰Øpambn shbv°pI. Ir]mk\Øns≥d c≠v A‰Øpambn Ah \n¬°Ww. Ir]mk\Øn s≥d `mKambn, Ir]mk\Øns≥d c≠v A‰Øpw sIcq_pIsf \n¿ØWw. sIcq_pIƒ tatem´v NndIphncn®v NndIp sIm≠v Ir]mk\Øn¬ \ng¬ hogvØpIbpw apJm`napJambn \n¬°pIbpw th W w' ( ] p d ∏ m Sv 2 5 : 1 7 ˛ 2 0 ) . kz ¿ KØn s e a m em Ja m c m b sIcq_pIfpsS {]Xna D≠m°phm\p≈ I¿Ømhns≥d I¬]\ \ymb{]amWØnse "apIfn¬ BImiØntem D≈ bmsXm∂n s≥dbpw hn{Klw \nßƒ D≠m°cpXv ' F∂ \n¿tZiØn\v ISIhncp≤at√? I¿Ømhv Xs∂ tamsitbmSv hn{Klßƒ \n¿Ωn°phm\pw ]d™n´p≠t√m F∂v \ymbhmZw \SØn {]Xna{]XnjvT \SØp∂Xv sX‰s√∂v kvYm]n°phm≥ th≠nbmbncn°Ww blqZd∫nam¿ tamsibpsS Ncn{XØn¬ hn{Kl \n¿ΩmWw Btcm]n®ncn°p∂Xv. k∂nKv[L´ßfn¬ P¥p°fpsS hsc hn{Klßfp≠m°phm≥ tamsi k∂≤\mbXmbn kwJym ]pkvXIØn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbpw. 207

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

sN¶Sente°p≈ bm{Xm at[y ZpcnXßf\p`hn® P\ßƒ ssZhØn\pw tamsi°psaXnsc kwkmcn®t∏mƒ I¿Ømhv Ah¿°nSbnte°v D{Kk¿∏ßsf Ab°pIbpw ]ecpw k¿∏Zwi\ ta‰v acn°pIbpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ P\ßƒ ]ivNmØm]hnhicmbn am∏t]£n®p. k¿∏Zwi\Øn¬ \n∂v P\ßsf c£n°m≥ tamsi I¿Ømhnt\mSv {]m¿∞n®p. "I¿Ømhv tamsitbmSv Acpƒ sNbvXp: "Hcp D{Kk¿∏sØ D≠m°n Hcp X≠nt∑¬ Db¿Ønsh°pI. k¿∏Zwi\w G¬°p∂h¿ AXp I≠m¬ Pohn°pw'. tamsi HmSp sIm≠v Hcp k¿∏sØ D≠m°n Hcp X≠nt∑¬ Db¿Ønsh®p. B¿s°¶nepw k¿∏Zwi\w G¬°p∂]£w HmSpsIm≠p≈ k¿∏sØ t\m°n Poh≥ \ne\ne¿Ømw'(kwJy 21:8,9).

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Iq´mfnbpw {]hmNI\pamb AltdmWmbncp∂psh∂mWv ]pd∏mSv ]pkvXIw ]dbp∂Xv (32:1˛6). Hcp ]cnip≤ {]hmNI≥ hn{Klmcm [\°p Iq´p\n∂psh∂ hmZw Jp¿B≥ AwKoIcn°p∂n√. Atlmdm¨ {]hmNI\msW∂ hkvXpX ]gb\nbahpw AwKoIcn°p∂p≠v. (]pd∏mSv 4:30). at‰sXmcp \oNhrØntb°mfpw henb ]m]amWv hn{Klmcm[\sb∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ lmdq≥ \_n(A) hn{Klmcm[\ sNøphm≥ I¬]n®psht\m AXn∂p Iq´p\n∂psht∂m hnizkn°p∂Xv ]m]amsW∂mWv apkvenIƒ hnizkn°p∂Xv. C{kmboeycn¬s]´ Hcp a\pjy\mWv ˛ kmancn˛ kz¿W hn{Klap≠m°nbsX∂pw AXns\ Bcm[n°phm≥ P\ßtfmSv Blzm\w sNbvXsX∂pamWv Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv (20: 85˛95).

hn{Klmcm[\°v \ymboIcWw \ymb{]amWØnse hyIvXamb I¬]\s°Xnsc {]h¿Øn°m≥ I¿Ømhp tamsitbmSv Bhiys∏´psh∂pw hn{Klßƒs°Xnsc AScmSnb tamsi {]hmNI≥ k¿∏Øns≥d HmSp hn{Klw D≠m°nsb∂pamWt√m Cu hN\ßfn¬ \n∂v a\ nemt°≠Xv. B]Xvk\v[nIfn¬ hn{Kl]qPbpw sX‰s√∂p hcpØnØo¿°m \mbn blqZd∫am¿ hnIeam°nbXv alm\msbmcp {]hmNIs≥d Ncn{XamsW∂p kmcw. blqZ d∫namcpsS ]n≥XpS¿®°mcmbn {InkvXy≥ ]mXncnam¿ ]≈n hn{Klßsf \ymboIcn°m≥ th≠n C∂pw D]tbmKn®psIm ≠ncn°p∂Xv Cu hN\ßsfbmWv. "tamsi°v sIcq_pIfpsSbpw k¿∏Øns≥dbpw hn{Klßfp≠m°msa¶n¬ F¥psIm≠v Rßƒ°v tbiphns≥dbpw hnip≤∑mcptSbpw hn{Klßfp≠m°n °qSm? F∂mWhcpsS tNmZyw.

Altdms≥d hn{Klmcm[\ tamsi ko\mbv ]¿hXØnte°v t]mb AhkcØn¬ C{kmCuey¿°v AhcpsS Bhiy{]Imcw kz¿Ww sIm≠v Imf°p´nsb \n¿an®v Bcm[n°m\mbn \¬InbXv tamsibpsS 208

ZmhoZns≥d Zp¿hrØnIƒ btlmhbpsS I¬]\{]Imcw imapth¬ {]hmNI≥ {]tXyIambn Xncns™SpØv A`ntjIw sNbvXhs\∂pw (1imapth¬ 16:1˛13) tKmenbmØnt\mSv s]mcpXn Ahs\ h[n®psIm≠v C{kmboeycn¬ G‰hpw t{ijvT-\mbn amdnbhs\ ∂pw (1 imapth¬ 17:1-˛58) ]gb\nbaØn¬ hntijn∏n°s∏Sp∂ ZmhoZns≥d Ncn{XsØbpw blqZ d∫nam¿ shdpsX hn´n´n√. G‰hpw t{ijv T \mbn hyhlcn°s∏Sp∂ hyIv X nbn¬ Xs∂ XßfpsS Zpjv s Nbv X nIƒ Btcm]n®psIm≠v Ahbv ° v \ymboIcWw Is≠Øm\mWv blqZ]ptcmlnX∑m¿ {ian®ncn°p∂Xv. F{_mb¿ °nSbn¬ Pohn® Ihn km{am´mbncp∂ ZmhoZv \n¿Ωn®XmsW∂v ]dbs∏Sp∂ k¶o¿Ø\ßfn¬ ImWp∂ Bibßfn¬ an°hbpw AXnalØmsW∂ ImcyØn¬ kwian√. {]kvXpX Bibßƒ {]Ncn∏n®ncp∂ hyIvXn Xs∂bmWv imapthens≥d ]pkvXIßfn¬ ImWp∂ A[m¿anIXIƒ sNbvXsX∂v hnizkn°m≥ ss__nƒ A∏Sn {]amZapIvXamsW∂v ]dbp∂h¿°p t]mepw Ignbpsa∂v tXm∂p∂n√. cmPm[nImcap]tbmKn®v ZmhoZv sNbv X psh∂v ]dbs∏Sp∂ Akm∑m¿KnI hrØnIsf∏‰n «oeXbpsS 209

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

AXn¿hcºpIƒ ewLn®psIm≠p≈ hnhcWamWv imapthens≥d c≠mw ]pkvXIØn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂Xv.

A\ykv{Xo ZmhoZns≥d InS∏dbn¬ ZmhoZn¬ Btcm]n°s∏ńcn°p∂ Hcp kw`hhnhcWw ImWpI (2imapth¬ 11˛mw A[ymbw). Hcp Znhkw ZmhoZv Xs≥d sIm´mcØn s≥d a´p∏mhn¬ DemØpIbmbncp∂p. At∏mƒ AXoh kpµcnbmb Hcp kv{Xo Ipfn°p∂Xv I≠p. ZmhoZv Bfb®v Ahsf°pdn®v At\zjn®t∏mƒ Xs≥d ]Sbmfnbmb DudnbmbpsS `mcy _Xvti_bmWv AsX∂v a\ nembn. ZqX∑msc Ab®v ZmhoZv Ahsf Xs≥d InS∏dbnte°v hcpØn. ZmhoZv AhtfmsSm∏w ibn®p. kz`h\Ønte°p aSßnb Ahƒ GXm\pw Znhkw Ign™t∏mƒ Xm≥ K¿`nWnbmsW∂ Imcyw ZmhoZns\ Adnbn®p. Cu kabØv bp≤`qanbnembncp∂ Dudnbmsb ZmhoZv sIm´mcØnte°v hcpØn. Abmsf kzKrlØnte°v ]d™b®v Xs≥d Ip™ns≥d ]nXrXzw ]Sbmfnbn¬ sIńsh°m≥ {ian®p. ]t£ Dudnbm Xs≥d hoń¬t]mIphm≥ Xømdmbn√. tZikvt\ln bmb At±lw ]d™ hcnIƒ {it≤bamWv."t]SIhpw C{kmboepw blqZmbpw IqSmcßfn¬ hkn°p∂p; Fs≥d bPam\\mb tbmhm_pw bPam\s≥d Zmkcpw ssaXm\Øn¬ ]mfbaSn®ncn °p∂p. B \ne°v Xn∂m\pw IpSn°m\pw `mcytbmsSm∏w ibn°m \pw Rm≥ hoń¬ t]mIptam? AßmWv, AßbpsS Poh\mWv CXp Rm≥ sNbvIbn√' (2 imapth¬ 11:11). Aßs\, Xs≥d P\n°m≥ t]mIp∂ Ip™ns≥d ]nXrXzw Dudnbmbn¬ sIńsh°phm\p≈ ZmhoZns≥d {iaw ]cmPbs∏´p.

NXnb\mb ZmhoZv ]nt‰∂v {]`mXØn¬ ZmhoZv Dudnbmsb bp≤`qanbnte°v ]d™b®p. AbmfpsS ssIhiw tk\m\mbI\mb tbmhm_n\v Hcp IØpw sImSpØphn´p. IØn¬ ZmhoZv C{]ImcsagpXn 210

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

"s]mcn™ bp≤w \S°p∂nSØv ap≥\ncbn¬ Dudnbmsb \n¿ØpI. ]n∂oSv Abmfn¬ \n∂v ]n¥ncnbpI; Abmƒ sht´‰p hoWv acn°Ww' (2 imapth¬ 11:15). cmPmhv I¬]n®Xp {]Imcw tk\m\m bI≥ {]h¿Øn®p. ]mhw ]Sbmfn Dudnbm bp≤°fØn¬ sh®p sIm√s∏´p. Dudnbmhns≥d `mcybmb _Xv t i_sb hnem] ImeØn\v tijw ZmhoZv Xs≥d sIm´mcØnte°p sIm≠p h∂p. Ahƒ AbmfpsS `mcybmhpIbpw Hcp Ip™ns\ {]khn°pIbpw sNbvXp.

ZmhoZns≥d a°ƒ ZmhoZns≥d a°ƒ \SØnb tXm∂nhmkßƒ°v k- I øpw IW°pans√∂mWv ]gb\nbaw ]dbp∂Xv. Hcp aI\mb Aavt\m≥ Imam‘X \nanØw ktlmZcnbmbncp∂ Xmamdns\ _emXvkwKw sNbvXp (2 imapth¬ 13: 1˛14). as‰mcp aI\mb A_vimtemw kz¥w ]nXmhns≥d `mcyamsc {]m]n®p (2 imapth¬ 16: 20˛23). CsX√mw ZmhoZv t\m°n \n∂psh∂pw Ah¿s°Xnsc bmsXm∂pw sNbvXns√ ∂pamWv imapthens≥d ]pkvXIßƒ hmbn®m¬ tXm∂pI.

tkmfas≥d [n°mcw Z m h o Z n s ≥ d ] p { X \ p w k I e C { k m Cu e y ¿ ° p a p ≈ cmPmhv F∂dnbs∏´h\pamb tkmfas≥d Ncn{XØnepw blqZ∑mcpsS ssI{InbIƒ \S∂n´p≠v. kp`mjnXßƒ, DØaKoXw, k`m{]`mjI≥ apXemb ]pkvXIßfpsS I¿Ømhmbn Adnbs∏Sp∂ tkmfa\n¬ Zp¿hrØnIƒ Btcm]n°pI hgn F{X henb {]kwKI\pw D]tZiI\pambncp ∂mepw kv{XohnjbØn¬ sX‰pIƒ kw`hn°msa∂v hcpØnØo¿°pIbpw XßfpsS AØcw sNbvXnIsf \ymboIcn°phm\p≈ ASnØd \n¿Ωn°pIbpamhWw blqZd∫nam¿ Dt±in®Xv. temIØnse G‰hpw henb hnPvRm\nbm bn´mWv cmPm°∑mcpsS H∂mw ]pkvXIw tkmfas\ ]cnNbs∏Sp Øp∂sX∂ Imcyw (1 cmPm 10:23) {]tXyIw {it≤bamWv. 211

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

I¿Ømhns\ [n°cn°p∂p X\n°v A[nImchpw kºØpsa√mw \¬Inb I¿Ømhns≥d BPvRIƒ AXnewLn°p∂Xn¬ bmsXmcp ssha\kyhpw ImWn°mØbmfmbncp∂p tkmfas\∂mWv ]gb\nbaw ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv. hnhml_\v[w ]mSns√∂v I¿Ømhv hne°nb hntZiob kv{XoIfpambn hnhml_\v[Ønte¿ s∏SpIbpw Ahsc AKm[ambn kv t \ln°pIbpw sNbv X bmfm bncp∂p tkmfa≥ (1 cmPm°∑m¿ 11:2).

A\ytZh∑msc Bcm[n°p∂p A\yPmXn°mcmb kv{XoIfpsS kΩ¿±Øn\p hgßn A\ytZh∑msc Bcm[n®ncp∂ hyIvXnbmbpw tkmfas\ AhXcn∏n°phm≥ blqZd∫nam¿°v bmsXmcp ssha\kyhpan√. cmPm°∑mcpsS H∂mw ]pkv X IØn¬ ]dbp∂Xp ImWpI: "tkmfa∂p, cm⁄namcmbn Fgp∂qdp `mcyamcp≠mbncp∂p. ap∂qdv D]`mcyamcpw. `mcyam¿ cmPmhns≥d lrZbsØ hyXnNen∏n®p. hm¿[IyØn¬ tkmfas≥d lrZbsØ Ah¿ A\ytZh∑mcnte°p Xncn®p. Xs≥d ]nXmhmb ZmhoZns\t∏mse I¿ØmhnthmSv kzlrZbØn¬ ]q¿Wamb hnizkv X X Im´nbn√ tkmfa≥, kotZm\nbcpsS tZhnbmb AivtØmdXns\bpw AtΩm\nbcpsS tæ—Xbmb an¬t°mhnt\bpw tkhn®p. Aßs\ tkmfa≥ I¿Ømhns≥d Zrjv S nbn¬ Xn∑ {]h¿Øn®p. Xs≥d ]nXmhmb ZmhoZns\t∏mse Abmƒ I¿Ømhns\ ]q¿Wambn A\pkcn®n√. Pdqitean\p Ing°p amdn ]¿hXØn¬ tkmfa≥ samhm_nbcpsS tæOXbmb sItamin\pw AtΩm\nbcpsS tæOXbmb tamte°n\pw Hmtcm ]qPmKncn ]cn-Wnbn®p'- (1 cmPm°∑m¿ 11:3˛7).I¿Ømhnt\mSv hnizkv X X ImWn°mXncn°pIbpw hn{Kl]qP \SØpIbpw sNbvXpsh∂v Btcm]n°s∏Sp∂ tkmfas≥d DØaKoXØnsebpw k`m{]`mjI\nsebpw kp`mjnXßfnsebpw D]tZißƒ Fßs\bmWv kzoIcn°m≥ ]‰pI? 212

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

A[nImckvYm\Øns≥d DØpwKXbnembncp∂t∏mgpw A√mlphns\ A\pkcn°pIbpw Ahs≥d aXw {]t_m[\w sNøp∂Xn¬ A¬]wt]mepw ssha\kyw ImWn°mXncn°pIbpw sNbvX alm∑mcmbn´mWv Jp¿B≥ ZmhqZv \_nsbbpw kpsseam≥ \_ntbbpw ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv . Ah¿ tXm∂nhmknItfm, s]Æn\v th≠n ]S®h\v FXncp {]h¿Øn®ncp∂htcm BsW∂ ]gb\nbaØnse k¶¬]ßƒ Jp¿B\nen√. Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂ ZmhqZns≥dbpw kpsseams≥dbpw Ncn{Xw hn\bm\znXcpw GIssZhsØam{Xw Bcm[n®ncp∂hcpamb c≠p {]hmNI∑mcptSXmWv. A√mlp ]dbp∂p: "ZmhqZn\pw kpsseam\pw \mw hn⁄m\w \¬IpIbp≠mbn'. "Xs≥d hnizmknIfmb Zmk∑mcn¬ an°hsc°mfpw Rßƒ°v t{ijv T X \¬Inb A√mlphn\v kvXpXn' F∂v Ah¿ Ccphcpw ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp' (27:15)."ZmhqZn\v \mw kpsseams\ {]Zm\w sNbvXp. hfsc \√ Zmk≥! Xo¿®bmbpw At±lw (A√mlphn¶te°v) G‰hpa[nIw tJZn®p aSßp∂h\mIp∂p' (38:30).

tbiphn¬ Btcm]n°s∏´ sX‰pIƒ XßfpsS Cjv S ßƒ°\pkcn®v alm∑msc hymJym\n°p∂ {]hWX blqZd∫namcn¬ \n∂v kphntij \n¿amXm°fnte°pw ]I¿∂Xmbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw.- C{kmboens≥d c£I\mbn {Inkv X phns\ AhXcn∏n°p∂ kphntijßƒ, ]t£, Hcp kap≤mcI\v D≠mbncn°m≥ ]mSn√mØ Imcyßƒ At±lØn¬ Btcm]n°p∂p. £n{]tIm]nbpw amXr_lpam\an√mØh\pamb HcmfpsS Nn{XamWv {InkvXphnt≥dXmbn kphntijI∑m¿ hc®p ImWn°p∂Xv.

amXr_lpam\an√mØ tbip {kjvSmhns\ Ign™m¬ ]ns∂ G‰hpa[nIw BZcnt°≠Xv amXm]nXm°sfbmsW∂mWv {]hmNI∑m¿ ]Tn∏n®Xv . kz¥w amXmhns\ "kv{Xotb'sb∂v kwt_m[\ sNøp∂ hyIvXn 213

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Bcmbncp∂mepw amXrkvt\lw sXm´pXo≠mØh\msW ∂mWv kmam\y_p≤nbpsS hn[n. Keoenbnse I√ymW hncp∂n¬ sh®v {InkvXp Xs∂ s\m¥p {]khn® kz¥w amXmhmb adnbtbmSv ]dbp∂Xmbn tbml∂m≥ D≤cn°p∂p: " kv X otb, F\n°pw \n\°pw F¥v? Fs≥d kabw C\nbpw Bbn´n√' (tbml∂m≥ 2:5). Hcp kap≤mcI≥ ]dbp∂ hm°pIfmWv CsX∂p hnizkn°pI hø. Ipcninte‰s∏´v InS°p∂ (!) kz]p{Xs\ kµ¿in°m≥ sN∂t∏mgpw B amXmhv A]am\n°s∏SpIbmWv D≠mbXv . "tbip AΩtbmSv ]d™p: "kv { Xosb CXm \ns≥d aI≥!' (tbml∂m≥ 19:26).

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv . Cu AXv ` pXw tbml∂m\√mØ kphntijIscm∂pw Adn™n´ns√∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw {]kvXmhyamWv.

AklnjvWphmb {]t_m[I≥ Xosc klnjvWpXbn√mØ hyIvX nbmbmWv kphntijßƒ { Ink vX p h n s \ ] c n N b s ∏ Sp Øp ∂ X v . A t ± l Øn s ≥ d N n e A`nkwt_m[\Iƒ {i≤n°pI. "tl..... AWen k¥XnItf.... (aØmbn 12:34), "ZpjvShpw AhnizkvXhpamb Xeapd....' (aØmbn 12:39), "\nßƒ \nßfpsS ]nXmhmb ]nimNn¬ \n∂p≈h¿...' (tbml∂m≥ 8:44).

aZyw hnfºp∂ {InkvXp {]hmNI∑mcn¬ apgph≥ blqZ d∫nam¿ Btcm]n°p∂ Zp:kz`mhamWv aZy]m\w. aZy]n®v aØcmhpIbpw kz]p{Xnam tcmsSmØv ibn°pIbpsa√mw sNbvXhcmbn´mWv {]hmNI∑msc ]gb\nbaw ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂sX¶n¬ kz¥w ZnhyXzap]ptbmKn® v(?) P\ßƒs°√mw aZyap≠m°ns°mSpØh\mbn´mWv tbml∂m s≥d kphntijw {InkvXphns\ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. tbml∂m≥ am{Xw D≤cn°p∂ Im\mbnse I√ymW hncp∂n¬ sh®p \S∂Xmbn ]dbs∏Sp∂ AXv ` pXw ]®sh≈sØ ho™m°nam‰nbXmWv . Keoenbbnse Im\mbn¬ \S∂ hnhmlk¬°mcØn¬ hnfºns°m≠ncp∂ ho™v Xo¿∂pt]mbn. CXdn™v tbip AhnsSbp≠mbncp∂ I¬`cWnIfn¬ ]®sh≈w \nd°m≥ ]d™p. {]kv X pX sh≈w AXnYnIƒ°v ]I¿∂psImSp°m≥ tbip I¬]n®p. AXnYnIƒ ho™mbnØo¿∂ sh≈w IpSn®p kwXr]vXcmbn. Iehd°mc≥ aWhmfs\ hnfn®p]d™p. "F√mhcpw \√ ho™v BZyw hnfºp∂p; BfpIƒ btYjv S w IpSn®Xn\v tijw hocyw Ipd™ ho™pw. F∂m¬ \o CtXhsc \√ ho™p kq£n®psh®pht√m' (tbml∂m≥ 2:9). P\ßƒ°v aZyap≠m°ns°mSpØh\mbn {InkvXphns\ AhXcn∏n®v aZy]m\w \nbahnt[bam°phm\p≈ {iaØns≥d `mKambmWv tbml∂m≥ kphntijØnse Cu "AXv`pXw' \n¿an°s∏´ncn°p∂sX∂mWv 214

Hcp {]hmNI≥ C{X°v Aklnjv W phmIptam? {]t_m[nX kaqlsØ AWen k¥XnIsf∂pw ZpjvSsc∂pw A`nkwt_m[\ sNbv X psIm≠p≈ Hcp {]t_m[\coXn Hcp alm{]hmNI\v A\ptbmPyamtWm? As√∂mWv kmam\y_p≤n ]dbp∂sX¶nepw kphntijßfnse tbip AØcØnep≈bmfmWv.

£n{]tIm]nbmb aninl alm\mb tbiphns\ £n{]tIm]nbmbn Nn{XoIcn®psIm≠p≈ IYIƒ kphntijßfnep≠v. At±lw Pdpitew tZhmebØn¬ {]thin®v AhnsS {Ibhn{Ibw \SØnbncp∂ BfpIsf Nm´sIm≠v ASn®p ]pdØm°p∂ cwKw hmbn®m¬ Xs∂ tbip £n{]tIm]nbmbncp∂psh∂v tXm∂pw (tbml∂m≥ 2:13˛17). I¿Ømhns≥d BebØn¬ sh®v I®hSw sNbv X ncp∂hsc D]tZin°pItbm Xm°oXv \¬IpItbm sNømsX ASn®p ]pdØm°p∂ coXn Hcp {]hmNIt≥dX√; £n{]tIm]nbptSXmWv. CXpt]mseØs∂bmWv AØnacsØ DW°nb IYbpw. t]tY\nbmbn¬ \n∂p≈ bm{Xmat[y tbiphn\p hni∂t∏mƒ Zqsc I≠ CeIƒ \nd™ Hcp AØnacØn\SptØ°v AØn∏gw Xn∂m\mbn At±lw sN∂p. AXv AØn∏gap≠mhp∂ Imea√m Xncp∂Xn\m¬ AXnt∑¬ CeIf√msX as‰m∂pw At±lw I≠n√. 215

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

DS≥ Xs∂ tIm]njvT\mbn At±lw ]d™p: "Bcpw Hcn°epw \ns≥d ^ew `£n°mXncn°s´!' (a¿t°mkv 11:14). X¬£Ww B AØnacw hmSn°cn™pt]mbn (aØmbn 21:19). ]mhw AØnacw! AXnt≥dX√mØ Ip‰Øn\v in£n°s∏´p. ChnsSbpw £n{]tIm]nbmb {InkvXphns\bmWv \ap°v ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv. {InkvXphns\ ssZhambn AwKoIcn°p∂h¿ Fßs\bmWv Cu hN\ßsf hymJym\n°pI? AØnacØns≥d ^eZmbI kabw t]mepw AdnbmØ "ssZh]p{X≥' Xs≥d Ip‰Øn\v AØnsb in£n® sshcp≤ysØ F{X hymJym\n®mepw sh≈ ]qim\mIns√ ∂pd∏mWv. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ tbiphns≥d ZnhyXzw AwKoIcn°p∂ns√ ¶nepw a‰p {]hmNI∑msc t]mse ]cnip≤\mWv At±lsa∂ Imcyw kphyIv X ambn {]kv X mhn°p∂p≠v . "kIcnøm, blv b m, Cukm, C¬bmkv F∂nhscbpw (t\¿hgnbnem°n) Ahsc√mw k÷\ßfn¬s∏´hcs{X'(6:85). Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ Cu k m \ _ n ( A ) a m X m h n t \ m S v \ √ c o X n b n ¬ h ¿ Ø n ® Bfmbncp∂p; aZy]t\m aZy]m\w t{]mXvkmln∏n®bmtfm £n{]tIm]ntbm Bbncp∂n√. At±lw ]cnip≤\mb Hcp {]hmNI\mbncp∂p. C { k m Cu e y c n t e ° v Ab°s∏´ ]cnip≤{]hmNI≥.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ss__nfn¬ \n∂v aplΩZv \_n tIm∏nbSn®psIm≠mWv Jp¿B\n¬ {]hmNI IY\ßƒ Dƒs∏SpØnbsX∂ hmZw ChnsS s]mfnbp∂p. Xßƒ Pohn® kaqlØn¬ \n∂v Gsd hyXykvXamb PohnXw \bn®hc√ ss__nƒ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ {]hmNI∑m¿; Ahcpw Zp¿hrØcpw hnjbeºScpambncp∂p. F∂m¬ Jp¿B≥ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ {]hmNI∑m¿ kZv h rØcpw kzkaqlsØ kXyØnte°pw [¿ΩØnte°pw £Wn®hcpambncp∂p. Ah¿ km∑m¿KnI PohnXw \bn®v P\ßƒ°v amXrIbmbhcmbncp∂p: P\ßsf ssZhn- I am¿KØnte°v £Wn®hcmbncp∂p. A√mlp ]d™XmWv icn. "Ahsc ({]hmNI∑msc)sb√mw \mw kZvhrØ cm°nbncn°p∂p. Ahsc \mw \ΩpsS I¬]\ {]Imcw am¿KZ¿i\w \¬Ip∂ t\Xm°∑mcm°pIbpw sNbvXp' (21:72).

blqZ kapZmbØns≥d Nn{Xw {]hmNI∑mcn¬ ss__nƒ Btcm]n®ncn°p∂ A[m¿anI hrØnIfn¬ \n∂v A°mesØ blqZ kapZmbØns≥d Nn{Xa√m sX as‰m∂pw e`n°p∂n√. I¿Ømhns\ a\pjy`mhØnte°v sIm≠phcnIbpw {]hmNI∑msc tXm∂nhmknIfmbn Nn{XoIcn°pIbpw sNbvXpsIm≠v XßfpsS A[m¿anIXIƒ°v \ymboIcWap≠m°phm\mWv blqZd∫nam¿ {ian®Xv. {]kvXpX ]mX Xs∂ kphntijIcpw ]n¥pS¿∂p. bYm¿∞Øn¬ {]hmNI ∑m¿ CXn¬ \ns∂√mw ip≤cmbncp∂p. hnip≤cpw amXrImtbmKy cpambn´mWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ {]hmNI∑msc ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xv. 216

217

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

]Xnaq∂vv s_

ss{IkvXhcpsS XncpØepIƒ

_nƒ FgpXs∏´ cq]Øn¬ Xs∂bmWv C∂v \ne\n¬°p∂sX∂pw bmsXmcp XncpØepIfpw- CXn¬ hcpØnbnńs√∂pw ]et∏mgpw hmZn°s∏Smdp≠v. hnip≤Jp¿B≥ AwKoIcn® XudmØpw k_qdpw C≥Poepsams° Xs∂bmWv ss__nfn¬ ASßnbncn °p∂sX∂v ka¿∞n°m≥ {ian°p∂, apkv e nwIƒ°nSbn¬ kphntij {]h¿Ø\w \SØm≥ th≠n \ntbmKn°s∏´ NnecmWv s]mXphmbn Cu hmZw Bh¿Øn®p∂bn°mdp≈Xv. Hcp {KŸImc≥ FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI: "{Inkv X ym\nIƒ°v ss__nfn¬ am‰w hcptØ≠ F¥mhiyamWp≈Xv ? Ah¿°v XßfpsS \nXyPo ht\°mƒ hepXmbncn°ptam Cu Bhiyw? XßfpsS Bflmhnepw cIvXØnepw Xßƒ Aaqeyambn°cpXp∂ F√m‰nepw sh®v Ah¿ Bcm[n°p∂ AhcpsS c£I\pw I¿Ømhpambh≥ ap{Zbnńcn°p ∂ DSºSnbmWv ss__nƒ. Ah≥ Xs≥d hnizkvX At∏mkvXe \mb tbml∂m\neqsS \¬Ip∂ ap∂dnbn∏v {i≤n°pI: "Cu ]pkvXIØnse {]hN\ßƒ {ihn°p∂h¿s°ms° Rm≥ ap∂dnbn∏v \¬Ip∂p: Bsc¶nepw ChtbmSv Fs¥¶nepw Iqńt®¿ Øm¬, Cu ]pkvXIØn¬ hnhcn®n´p≈ _m[Iƒ ssZhw Abmƒ°p \¬Ipw. Cu {]hN\ ]pkvXIØnse hN\ßfn¬ \n∂v 218

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Bsc¶nepw Fs¥¶nepw FSpØpam‰nbm¬ Cu ]pkv X IØn¬ hnhcn®n´p≈ Pohs≥d hr£Ønepw hnip≤\KcØn-epw Abmƒ°p≈ Hmlcn ssZhw FSpØp Ifbpw (shfn]mSv 22:18,19)'-1 ss__nƒ Hcn°epw XncpØs∏ńńs√∂v kvYm]n°phm\mbn At±lw ho≠pw FgpXp∂p: "Rßfmsc¶neptam kz¿KØn¬ \n∂v BKX\mb Hcp amemJ Xs∂tbm \nßtfmSv Rßƒ {]kwKn®n´p≈ kphntijØn\p hncp≤ambn {]kwKn°pIbmsW ¶n¬ Abmƒ A`ni]vX\mIs´' (KemØnb 1:8)sb∂ At∏mkvX enI I¬]\ \ne\n¬°ptºmƒ ssZhØns≥d kphntijØn¬ Bscsb¶nepw Fs¥¶nepw am‰ØncpØepIƒ°v {Inkv { Xob kaqlw kΩXn°ptam?'2C-∂p- \ne\n¬°p∂ ss__nƒ Xs∂bmWv hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ kXys∏SpØp∂ XudmØpw k_qdpw C≥Poepsa∂v hcpØnØo¿ °phm≥ th≠nbmWv teJI≥ ss__nƒ hN\ßfp≤cn®psIm≠v Hcn°epw {InkvXym\nIƒ ss__nfn¬ bmsXmcp am‰hpa\phZn°p Ibns√∂v kvYm]n°m≥ {ian°p∂Xv. aqkm \_n(A)°v A√mlp AhXcn∏n® XudmtØm ZmhqZv \_n(A)°v A√mlp AhXcn∏n® k_qtdm Cukm \_n(A)°v A√mlp AhXcn∏n® C≥Potem AhbpsS AhXcn∏n°s∏´ cq]Øn¬ C∂sØ ss__nfn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂ps≠∂v ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑m¿°p Xs∂ A`n{]mbans√∂ hkvXpX \mw \tS hyIvXam°nbn´p≠v. Ct∏mƒ D≈ ss__nfnse ]pkvXIßƒ Xs∂ FgpXs∏´ cq]Øn¬ \n∂v Hcp am‰hpw hcpØs∏ńńt√sb∂mWv C\n ]cntim[n°s∏tS≠Xv.

aqe{KŸØnse XncpØepIƒ ss__nƒ ]Xn∏pIfn¬ hcpØnb XncpØepIƒ ImWn®psImSp°ptºmƒ Ah ]cn`mjbnep≠mb hyXnbm\ßƒ am{XamsW∂pw aqeØn¬ bmsXmcp XncpØepIfpans√∂pw hmZn°pIbmWv anj\dnam¿ sNømdp≈Xv. CXv kXya√. BZyIme 1. Iskannder Jadeed : The Infalibility Of The Torah And The Gospel Page 54. 2. Ibid Page 54.

219

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ss{IkvXhcn¬ ]ecpw XßfpsS A`ojvSØn\pw A`n{]mbßƒ°p a\pkrXambn aqe{KŸØn¬ Xs∂ [mcmfw XncpØepIƒ \SØnbncp∂psh∂mWv ]pcmX\ ssIsbgpØp {]XnIfpsS Is≠Ø¬ hyIv X am°nbn´p≈ hnhn[ hkv X pXIfnsem∂v . XßfpsS C—°\pkrXambn thZ{KŸw XncpØnbpw ad®psh®pw ioen® blqZ d∫namcpsS ]n≥apd°mcmbn h∂ ss{Ikv X h ]ptcmlnX∑m¿ "tbip{InkvXphns≥d kphntijw' hnkvacn°pI am{Xa√, tbiphns\°pdn® BZyIme cN\Ifn¬ XncpØepIƒ \SØp- I - b pw- s N- b v- X n- c - p ∂p- s h∂pXs∂bmWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. aqe{KŸØn¬ \SØnb XncpØepIƒ°v DZmlcWßfmWv Xmsg hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xv-.-

GXm\pw

am¿t°mkns≥d kphntijØnse XncpØ¬ tbiphns≥d PohnXsØ°pdn®v hnhcn°p∂ ]pXnb \nba`mKamWt√m kphntijßƒ. a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijamWv C∂p≈Xn¬ BZyambn cNn°s∏´ kphntijsa∂ hkvXpX apºv hnhcn®n´p≠v. a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijw cNn°s∏´Xv {InkvXm _v Z w Fgp]XpIfnemsW∂mWv ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX∑mcpsS A`n{]mbw. A°meL´Øn¬ {InkvXphns\°pdn®v \ne\n∂ncp∂ hnizmkamWv \ap°v AXn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbp∂Xv . Ipcnin¬ {Iqcambn sImesNøs∏´ tbiphns\°pdn® hnizmkamWv A∂p≠mbncp∂Xv . tbip ]p\cp∞m\w sNbv X ncn°psa∂ Hcp {]Xo£ B kaqlØn¬ \ne\n∂ncps∂¶nepw AXv Dd∏n®v ]dbphm≥ X° sXfnhpIƒ AhcpsS ]°¬ C√mbncp∂p. B AhkcØn¬ FgpXs∏´ a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijØnepw C°mcyw \ngen®p ImWp∂p≠v. e`yamb ]pXnb\nba IsøgpØp tcJIfn¬ G‰hpw ]pcmX\amb tImUIvkv ssk\m‰n°knepw tImUIvkv hØn°m\knepw a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijw ]Xn\mdmw A[ymbw F´mw hN\tØmSp IqSn Ahkm\n°pIbmWv 220

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

am¿t°mkns≥d kphntijØn¬ Iq´ntN¿°s∏´ `mKw. (am¿t°mkv 16: 9˛20) -˛aebmfw ss__nfn¬ \n∂v

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijØns≥d Ahkm\`mKw ]n∂oSv Iq´nt®¿ØXmWv. -The New Jerusalem Bible "{][m\s∏´ Nne ssIsøgpØv {]XnIfn¬ (hØn°m\ pw kn\ddn° pw AS°w) a¿t°mkv 16:9˛20 hN\ßƒ ImWm\n√. CXv a¿t°mkv FgpXnbXmsW∂v tXm∂p∂n√. CXnse ssienbpw a‰p `mKßfn¬ \n∂v hyXykvXamWv..... a¿t°mkv 8˛mw hN\tØmsS kphntijw \n¿ØWsa∂mWv IcpXnbncp∂sX∂v tXm∂p∂p. F∂m¬, BZysØ {InkvXy≥ Xeapd°v a‰p kphntijßfpambn XmcXayw sNbvXt∏mƒ CXv A]q¿WamsW∂pw s]s´∂v \ndpØp∂ ssienbnep≈XmsW∂pw tXm∂n. CXmWv Cu Ahkm\ `mKw Iq´ntN¿°p∂Xnte°v Ahsc \bn®Xv.

221

222

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

sNøp∂Xv . 1 tbip {Iqin°s∏´Xn\v tijap≈ kw`hßfpsS hnhcWhpw aKv Z e\ adnbbpw bmt°m_ns≥d AΩ adnbbpw ktemanbpwIqSn ihicocØn¬ ssXew ]qim≥ th≠n sN∂t∏mƒ I√d°p apºn¬ sh®ncp∂ I√v Dcp´n am‰s∏´Xmbn I≠Xpw shfpØ A¶n [cn® bphmhv tbip Db¿sØgpt∂‰ncn°p∂psh∂v ]d™Xv tI´v Ch¿ `bt∂mSnbXmbpap≈ ImcyßfpsS hnhcWhpw Ign™v a¿t°mkv Xs≥d kphntijw Ahkm\n∏n°p IbmWv sNøp∂Xv . ]pcmX\ ssIsbgpØv {]XnIƒ {]Imcw a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijw ]Xn\mdmw A[ymbw F´mw hN\Øn¬ "Ah¿ `bNInXcmbncp∂Xn\m¬ Ah¿ (aKvZe\adnbbpw bmt°m _ns≥d AΩ adnbbpw ktemanbpw) BtcmSpw H∂pw ]d™n√' F∂ {]kvXmh\tbmsS {]kvXpX kphntijw Ahkm\n∏n°p IbmWv sNøp∂Xv. a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijw FgpXs∏´Xn\v tijw ss{IkvXh kaqlØns≥d hnizmkØn¬ kmcamb am‰ßfp≠mbn. "acn®hcn¬ \n∂v Db¿sØgpt∂‰h\mb {InkvXphnep≈ hnizmkw' ss{IkvXh k a q l Ø n ≥ d A S n k v Y m \ m - Z ¿ i ß f n s e m ∂ m b n a m d n . Cu hnizmkØn\v tcJbpsS AwKoImcap≠mhp∂Xn\pth≠n A°mesØ FgpØpIm¿ {]tXyIw ]cn{ian®p. a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijsØ B[mcam°n XßfptSXmb ssienbn¬ kphntij cN\ \n¿∆ln® aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw tI´ptIƒhnIfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ tbip ]p\cp∞m\Øn\v tijw injy∑m¿°p {]Xy£s∏´psh∂ Hcp IY cNn®p XßfpsS kphntijtØm sSm∏w tN¿Øp. ]p\cp∞m\Øn\v tijw tbip injy∑m¿°p apºn¬ {]Xy£s∏´p F∂ IYsb kw_\v [ n® hnhcWØn¬ aØmbnbpw eqt°mkpw XΩn¬ Hcp]mSv sshcp[yßfp≠v. Cu sshcp≤yßƒ°v ImcWw ]p\cp∞m\sa∂ IYsb "tcJmaqe' am°p∂Xn\pth≠n aØmbpw eqt°mkpw kzX{¥ambn {ian®XmWv.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ss{Ikv X h hnizmkØns≥d BWn°√pw ]pXnb \nba]pkv X IßfpsS ktµihpambn a\ nem°s∏´t∏mƒ ]p\cp∞m\sØ °pdn®v F√m kphntijßfpwhyIv X ambn {]Xn]mZnt°≠Xv AXymhiyamsW∂ AhkvYbp≠mbn. a¿t°mkns≥d kphntij Øns≥d kam]vXn ]p\cp∞m\sa∂ ss{IkvXh hnizmkØns≥d B[mcsØ km[qIcn°p∂Xs√∂v A°meL´Ønse ]ptcmlnX∑mcn¬ Nne¿°v tXm∂n. AXns≥d ASnkvYm\Øn¬ eqt°mkv Ccp]Øn\memw A[ymbØns≥dbpw tbml∂m≥ Ccp]Xmw A[ymbØns≥dbpw shfn®Øn¬ ]p\cp∞m\Øn\p tijw tbip injy∑m¿°v {]Xy£s∏´Xmbp≈ Hcp IY Ah¿ FgpXnbp≠m°n a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijØns≥d Ahkm\w tN¿Øp. Cßs\ tN¿°s∏´hbmWv a¿t°mkv ]Xn\mdmw A[ymbw HºXp apX¬ Ccp]Xphscbp≈ hN\ßƒ. ]pcmX\ ssIsbgpØp {]XnIfn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂n√sb∂ Hscm‰ImcWØm¬ am{Xa√ a¿t°mkv 16: 9˛20 hN\ßƒ ]n∂oSv \n¿an®v Iq´nt®ØXmsW∂p ]dbp∂Xv. Cu `mKØns≥d `mjbpw ssienbpsa√mw Cu kphntijØns≥d _m°n `mKßfn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw hyXncnIvXamWv. "Zn \yq sPtdmw ss__nƒ hymJym\ {KŸw' ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: "a¿t°mkns≥d kphntijw ]Xn\mdmw A[ymbØnse HºXp apX¬ Ccp]Xp hscbp≈ hN\ßƒ AhbpsS `mhØnepw `mjmLS\bnepw {]kv X pX kphntij Øns≥d _m°n `mKßfn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw hyXncnIvXamWv. Cu `mKw \ap°n∂v e`n®ncn°p∂ G‰hpw ]pcmXamb IsøgpØp {]XnIfn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂n√. eqt°mkns≥d kphntijw 24˛mw A[ymbØns≥dbpw tbml∂ms≥d kphntijw 20˛mw A[ymbØns≥dbpw shfn®Øn¬ \n¿an°s∏´ Cu `mKØnse IYIƒ c≠mw \q‰m≠nemWv Cu kphntijtØmSv tN¿°s∏´sX ∂mWv tXm∂p∂Xv'1

tbip {InkvXp acn®hcn¬ \n∂v Db¿sØgpt∂‰psh∂ hnizmkw a¿t°mkns≥d 1.The New Jerusalem Bible Page 1685. 223

kphntijØn¬

Hcp

`mKØp

\S∂

1 The New Jerome Biblical Commentary Page 629.

224

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

tbml∂ms≥d kphntijØn¬ Iq´nt®¿°s∏´ `mKw (tbml∂m≥ 7: 53 ˛ 8:11) aebmfw ss__nfn¬ \n∂v

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

tbml∂m≥ kphntijw 7:53˛8:11 Iq´ntN¿°s∏´XmWv. ˛ The New Jerusalem Bible Cu JfinIbpsS I¿Ømhv tbml∂m\√. ]ucmWnIcmb km£nIsf√mw (ssIsøgpØv tcJIƒ, ]Xn∏pIƒ, ]nXm°∑m¿)CsXmgnhm°nbncp∂p. CXns≥d ssien kwlnX kphntijßfpsSXmWv. I¿Ømhv eqt°mkmsW∂mWv tXm∂p∂Xv.

225

226

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Ir{XnasØ∏‰n apIfn¬ hnhcn®Xn¬ \n∂v \ap°v a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂ H´phfsc Imcyßfp≠v. Xßƒ Dt±in°p∂ Bibßƒ°\pkrXambn hnip≤sa∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ {KŸßfn¬ hN\ßƒ Iq´nt®¿°pIbpw hn´pIfbpIbpw sNøp∂ {]hWX blqZcnepw {Inkv X ym\nIfnepw BZyImew apX¬°p Xs∂ \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂v CXn¬ \n∂v a\ nem°msa∂XmWv G‰hpw {][m\s∏´ Imcyw. {InkvXm_vZw \memw \q‰m≠n¬ FgpXs∏´sX ∂v hnNmcn°s∏Sp∂ tImUIvkv XmcXtay\ ]pXnb ssIsbgpØp {]XnIfpambn XmcXayw sNbvXt∏mƒ ]finX∑m¿°v a\ nem °m≥ Ign™ Hcp Ir{Xnaw am{XamWv a¿t°mkns≥d kphntij Øns≥d Ahkm\Øn¬ c≠mw \q‰m≠n¬ \SØs∏´sX∂v hnNmcn°p∂ Ir{Xnaw. CtX t]mse Hcp]mSv Ir{Xnaßƒ \S∂n´p≠mImw. IqSpX¬ ]pcmX\amb ssIsbgpØp {]XnIƒ D]e_v[amsb¶n¬ am{Xta Ah I≠p]nSn°m≥ km[n°q.

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Is√dnbs´' F∂p ]d™v tbip Ahsf c£n°pIbpw sNbvXXmbp≈ IYbmWv Cu `mKØns≥d D≈S°w. Cu `mKßƒ F¥n\pth≠nbmWv tbml∂ms≥d kphntijØn¬ FgpXnt®¿ ØsX∂v \ap°dnbn√. hy`nNmcnWnsb Is√dnbpIsb∂ blqZ \nbaw \ne\n∂ncp∂ BZyIme {InkvXym\nIƒ°nSbn¬ {]kvXpX Ip‰w sNbv X Bscsb¶nepw c£n°phm\mbn tbip hy`nNmcn Wnsb shdpsX hn´p'sh∂ I≈°Y \n¿an®v tbml∂ms≥d kphntijtØmSv GsX¶nepw ]ptcmlnX∑m¿ Iq´nt®¿ØXmIm sa∂v \ymbambpw Duln°mhp∂XmWv. a‰p kphntijßsfm∂pw Xs∂ Cu IY D≤cn°p∂ns√∂ hkv X pX Cu A\pam\sØ km[qIcn°p∂p. AsX¥p Xs∂bmbncp∂mepw, Cu `mKw tbml∂ms≥d kphntijØn¬ XncpIn°b‰nbXmsW∂ hkvXpX, FgpXs∏´ tijw Bcpw Hcphn[Ønepw ssIISØepIƒ \SØmØ {KŸamWv ss__nsf∂ AhImihmZØns≥d ap\sbmSn°p∂psh∂XmWv hmkvXhw.

tbml∂m≥ kphntijØnse XncpØ¬ CtXt]mse Iq´nt®¿°s∏´XmsW∂v ]finX∑m¿ ]dbp∂ as‰mcp `mKamWv tbml∂ms≥d kphntijw Ggmw A[ymbw 53˛mw hN\w apX¬F´mw A[ymbw 11-˛mw hN\w hscbp≈ hmIyßƒ. Cu h m I y ß ƒ ] p c m X \ a m b s s I s b g p Ø p { ] X n I f n t e m ]Xn∏pIfntem ImWs∏Sp∂n√. Cu `mKØns≥d `mjmssienbpw tbml∂mt≥dX√, adn®v kwlnX kphntijßfptSXmWv . Cu `mKØns≥d cNbnXmhv eqt°mkns≥d kphntijw cNn® hyIvXnbmbncn°m\mWv km[yXsb∂mWv ]finXaXw2 . aq∂mw \q‰m≠n\p tijamWv Cu `mKw tbml∂ms≥d kphntijØn¬ tN¿°s∏´sX∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂p. "]m]w sNømØh¿ Is√dnbs´' F∂ {]kn≤amb ss__nƒ hN\w Dƒs°m≈p∂ `mKamWnXv. hy`nNmcnWnbmb Hcp kv{Xosb Is√dnbp∂Xn\p th≠n tbiphns≥d ASpØp sIm≠p hcnIbpw "\nßfn¬ ]m]an√mØh¿ 2 The New Jerusalem Bible Page 1761 227

{XnXzsØ thZ]mTam°p∂Xn\v th≠n hnip≤sa∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ {KŸßfn¬ XßfpsS A`ojv S Øns\mØv am‰ØncpØepIƒ hcpØp∂ k{ºZmbw ss{Ikv X h ]ptcmlnX∑m¿ XmcXtay\ ASpØImew hsc XpS¿∂psh∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. {XntbIXzsØ°pdn®v ss__nƒ ]cma¿iw DZmlcWamsbSp°pI. \memw \q‰m≠nemW t√m ]nXmhpw ]p{X\pw ]cnip≤mflmhpw tN¿∂XmWv GIssZhw F∂ kn≤m¥Øn\v tIm¨kv‰m≥dnt\m∏nƒ Iu¨kn¬ AwKoImcw \¬InbXv. A∂p apX¬ C∂phscbp≈ ss{IkvXh ]finX∑msc Ipg°p∂ {]iv\amWv ss__nfnsehnsSsb¶nepw {XntbIXzkn≤m¥w {]Xn]mZn®n´pt≠msb∂ tNmZyw. Cu tNmZyØn\v ]e hN\ßfpw sX‰mbn hymJym\n®psIm≠mWv C∂v anj\dnam¿ DØcw ]dbm≥ {ian°p∂Xv. {XntbIssZhhnizmkw HutZymKnI hnizmk{]amWambn 228

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

King James Version

The New International Bible

aebmfw ss__nƒ ss__nƒ aqe{KŸØn¬ 14˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ t]mepw Iq´ntN¿°epIƒ \S∂n´p≠v F∂Xn\v sXfnhmWv 1.tbml 5:7 229

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

{InkvXm_vZw 381 ¬ Xs∂ {]Jym]n°s∏´ncp∂psh¶nepw AXv P\ßƒ°nSbn¬ {]NmcØnembXv- A©mw \q‰m≠nepw AXn\p tijhpambncp∂p. km[mcW°m¿°nSbn¬ Cu Zpcqlhnizmkw {]NmcØnembXp apX¬ Ah¿ t\csØ ]d™ tNmZyw D∂bn°phm\mcw`n®p. Cu {]iv\sØ ]e hn[Øn¬ t\cnSphm≥ ]ptcmlnX∑m¿ Xocpam\n®psh¶nepw F√m {iaßfpw \njv ^ eamhpIbmWp≠mbXv . Ahkm\w Cu hnizmkØn\v thZ{KŸØn¬ Hcp tcJbp≠m°phm≥ Xs∂ ]ptcmlnX∑m¿ Xocpam\n®p. Bflmhv , Pew, cIv X w F∂nhbpsS km£ysØ °pdn®p {]Xn]mZn°p∂ tbml∂ms≥d H∂mw teJ\Øns≥d `mKØp Xs∂ ]nXmhv , ]p{X≥, ]cnip≤mflmhv F∂nhbpsS sFIysØ°pdn® `mKw FgpXnt®¿°m≥ Ah¿ k∂≤cmbn. tbml∂ms≥d H∂mw teJ\w A©mw A[ymbØns≥d Ggmw hN\ambn Ah¿ Cßs\sbmcp hN\w FgpXnt®¿Øp. "aq∂pt]cmWv kz¿KØn¬ km£yw \n¬°p∂Xv. ]nXmhv, hN\w, ]cnip≤mflmhv. Ch¿ aq∂pt]cpw H∂pXs∂'. Cu hN\w BZyImesØ Hcp ssIsbgpØp tIm∏nbnepan√. F¶nepw Iptd Imew ss{Ikv X h P\X Cu hN\sØbpw Imt\m\nIambn AwKoIcn°pIbpw {XntbIXzØn\v ss__nfn ep≈ sXfnhmbn D≤cn°pIbpw sNbv X p. CubSpØ ImeØv cNn°s∏´ {KŸßfn¬ t]mepw {XnXzØn\p≈ sXfnhmbn Cu hN\w FSpØp tN¿Øncn°p∂p. k°cnbm _p{Xqkv FgpXn "hnip≤ {XnXzØn¬ ssZhw GI\mWv' F∂ ]pkvXIw DZmlcWw.1 C X n ¬ \ n ∂ v F { X t Ø m f w Cu h N \ w k X y k \ v [ h p w thZ]pkvXIØnep≈XpamsW∂ hnizmkw \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂v a\ nem°mhp∂XmWv. CubSpØ Imew hsc hyXykvX `mjIfnep≈ ss__nfpIfn¬ Cu hN\ap≠mbncp∂p. {]kn≤ "InwKv sPbnwkv th¿j≥' Cw•ojv ss__nfn¬ Ct∏mgpw Cu hN\w {]kn≤oIcn°p∂p≠v. AXnßs\bmWv: 'For there are three that bear record in heaven, The Father, The Word and The Holy 1. Zachariah Butrus: God is one in the Holy Trinity P AGE 6

230

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Ghost: and these three are one (I John 5:7). aebmfw ss__nfnepw ASpØImew hsc Cu hN\w \nehnep≠mbncp∂p. aebmfw s{]m´kv‰≥dv ss__nfnepw ItØmen°m ss__nfnepsa√mw Cu hN\ap≠mbncp∂p. Ahkm\ambn aebmf ss__nfn¬ Cu hN\w IWp∂Xv 1987¬ {]kn≤oIcn°s∏´ ]vioØm hnip≤ {KŸØnse ]pXnb \nbaØnemWv. hShmXq¿ skan\mcn {]kn≤oIcn® Cu {KŸØn¬ 1 tbml∂m≥ 5:7 \¬Inbncn°p∂Xv C{]ImcamWv. "Hcph≥ am{Xamb ]nXmhpw hN\hpw ]cnip≤mflmhpw kz¿KØn¬ km£yw \¬Ip∂p'1 F∂m¬ C∂v ]pdØndßp∂ H- c p- h n[w- ss__nfpIfn¬ \ns∂√mw Cu hN\w \o°w sNbvXncn°p∂Xmbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. aebmfØn¬ {]- a p- J - ss__nfp- I - f n- s em- ∂ pw- Cu hN\w C∂v D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂n√. Cw•ojnemIs´ InwKv sPbnwkv th¿j\nsemgn®v a‰p {]XnIfnsem∂pw Xs∂ Cu hN\w ImWs∏Sp∂n√. Cu hN\w F√m ss__nfpIfn¬ \n∂pw Hgnhm°s∏´ncn°p∂psh∂v kmcw. CXv Hgnhm°nbXn∂p ImcWambn Zn \yq sPdpktew ss__nƒ ]dbp∂Xv "]pcmX\ {Ko°v ssIsbgpØv {]XnIfntem ]cn`mjIfntem Cu hN\w ImWs∏SmØXn\m¬ Cu hN\w ss__nfnte°v ISØn°q´n bXmsW ∂v a\ n em° n bX n \memW v' 2 F∂ mW v. Ch bn¬ \ns∂√mw Cu hN\w, {XntbIXzw ss__nfpsIm≠p kvYm]n°p∂ Xn∂pth≠n Btcm ss__nfn¬ XncpIn°b‰nbXmsW∂v kpXcmw hyIvXamIp∂p. Fßs\bmWv Cu hN\w ss__nfn¬ IS∂pIqSnbXv? hneyw _m¿ss¢ cNn® "Zn sUbven kv‰Un ss__nƒ' ]dbp∂Xp ImWpI: "14˛mw \q‰m≠n\p apºsØ Hcp {Ko°v ssIsbgpØp{]Xnbnepw Cu hN\w ImWp∂n√. aq∂masØbpw \memasØbpw \q‰m≠pIfnse a lØmb ssIsbgpØ p {]Xn Ifn s e m∂ p w Cu h N \ an√ .

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

BZyImesØ alm∑mcmb k`m ]nXm°∑m¿°v Cu hN\w AdnbpIt]mepan√mbncp∂p. sPtdmans≥d hƒtK‰v (Vulgate) bYm¿∞ ]Xn∏n¬ Cu hN\w Dƒs∏SpØnbn´n√. {InkvXm_vZw 385¬ acn® kv ] m\njv ]mjWv U ≥(heretic)* {]nkn√y\mWv BZyambn Cu hN\w D≤cn°p∂Xv. AXn∂p tijw sas√ sas√ CXv ]pXnb \nbaØns≥d eØo≥ ]mTØnte°v \pg™pIbdn. F¶nepw, \mw I≠Xpt]mse, {Ko°v IsøgpØp {]XnIfn¬ AXn∂v At∏mgpw kvYm\w e`n®n√. ]ns∂sbßs\bmWv CXv aqe{KŸØnte°v Ibdn°qSnbXv? ]I¿sØgpØpImcs≥d hniZoIcWtam hymJym\tam Bbn am¿Pn\nembncn°Ww BZyambn CXv {]Xy£s∏´Xv . {XnXz kn≤m¥Øn\v hyIv X amb thZ]pkv X I sXfnhp \¬Ip∂p sh∂Xn\m¬ ssZhimkv{X⁄∑m¿ Ime{ItaW aqe{KŸØns≥d `mKambn AwKoIcn°pIbmWp≠mbXv. alØmb ssIsbgpØp {]XnIƒ I≠p]nSn°s∏Sp∂Xn\p apºsØ ]WvUnX∑mcmWv CXv AwKoIcn®Xv.'1 bYm¿∞ hnizmkØn¬ \n∂v hgn]ng® HcmfmWv {XnXzsØ °pdn®v hyIvXambn hnhcn°p∂ ss__nƒ hmNIw \n¿Ωn®sX∂m Wt√m CXn¬ \n∂v a\ nemhp∂Xv. {XntbIXzsØ \n¿an®hcpw AXv thZ]mTam°p∂Xn∂mbn {ian®hcpsa√mw hgn]ng®h¿ Xs∂! BZyImew apX¬°pXs∂ ss__nfn¬ ssIISØepIƒ \S∂n´p≠v F∂p≈Xn\p≈ GXm\pw sXfnhpIfmWv apIfn¬ ]d™Xv . Cßs\ Hcp]mSv ISØn°q´epIfpw Ingn°epIfpw ss__nfn¬ \S∂n´p≠mhWw. bYm¿∞ thZ{KŸw IfbpI am{Xa√, Xßƒ hnip≤ßsf∂p hnizkn®ncp∂ {KŸßfn¬ btYjvSw Ir{Xnaßƒ \SØpIbpw sNøm≥ bmsXmcp aSnbpan√mØhcmbncp∂p ]ptcmlnX∑m¿ F∂mWv Ch hyIvXam °p∂Xv. ss__nfn¬ bmsXmcp am‰hpw hcpØm≥ {InkvXym\nIƒ

* 1. ]vioØm hnip≤ {KŸw (]pXnb \nbaw˛1987) ]pdw 571 2. The New Jerualem Bible Page 2019 .

231

At∏mkvXenI hnizmkØn¬ \n∂pw hyXnNen®hcmWv ]mjfi≥am¿ (heretics) F∂p ]dbp∂Xv.

1. William Barclay: The Daily Study Bible Vol 15 Page 110.

232

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

XømdmIpbns√∂ hmZw Igºn√mØXmsW∂mWt√m Chbn¬ \n∂p a\ nemhp∂Xv. "]Xn\memw \q‰m≠n\p apºp≈ Hcp {Ko°p ssIsbgpØp {]Xnbnepw Cu hN\w ImWp∂n√. aq∂pw \mepw \q‰m≠pIfn se alØmb ssIsbgpØv {]XnIfnsem∂pw Xs∂ Cu hN\an√.... F.Un.385¬ A¥cn® kv]m\njv ]mjfi\mb {]kn√ym \mWv BZyambn Cu hN\w D≤cn®ncn°p∂Xv.... ]ns∂bßs\bmWv CXv ss__nfnte°v Ibdn°qSn bXv? am¿Pn\ense hniZoI cWtam ]I¿s∏gpØpImc s≥d an\p°p ]Wnsbm Bbn´mbncn°Ww BZyambn CXv ss__nfnseØnbXv. {XnXz kn≤m¥ØØn\v A\pIqe amb \s√mcp sXfnhmbXn \m¬ Iptd Imew Ign™t∏mƒ CXv ss__nfns≥d `mKambn ssZh⁄∑m¿ AwKoI cn°pIbmWv sNbvXXv.

1 tbml 5:7 ss__nfn¬ IS∂p IqSnbXv Fßs\? ˛ hniZoIcn°p∂p. 233

ss__nƒ ]Xn∏pIfnse XncpØepIƒ ss__nƒ aqe{KŸØnse Nne XncpØepIfmWv \mw N¿® s N b v X X v . s s _ _ n ƒ ] c n ` m j I f n e p w Cu c q ] Ø n e p ≈ XncpØepIƒ \S∂n´p≠v. hymJym\n®v H∏n°phm≥ ]‰mØ ]e {]kvXmh\Ifpw kuIcy]q¿hw XncpØphm≥ ss__nƒ ]cm`mjI∑m¿ {ian®n´p≠v. ss__nfn¬ Fs¥¶nepw am‰Øncp ØepIƒ hcpØnbm¬ iIvXamb in£Iƒ e`n°psa∂ shfn]mSp ]pkvXIØnse (22:18,19) Xm°oXv B[p\nI ss__nƒ ]cn`mjI ∑mcpw hymJymXm°fpw XrWh¬KWn°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv.

Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØnse XncpØ¬ ss__nƒ ]gb\nbaØn¬ {]kn≤amsbmcp {]hN\ap≠v . Bh¿Ø\w 18:18 se {]hN\w. AXnßs\bmWv : "At∏mƒ I¿Ømhv Ft∂mSv Acpƒ sNbvXp. Ah¿ ]d™sX√mw icn Xs∂. \ns∂t∏mse Hcp {]hmNIs\ AhcpsS ktlmZc∑mcn¬ \n∂v Ah¿°mbn Rm≥ Db¿Øpw. Rm≥ Fs≥d hN\ßƒ AbmfpsS \mhn¬ \nthin∏n°pw. Rm≥ I¬]n°p∂hsb√mw Abmƒ AhtcmSv ]dbpw' (Bh¿Ø\w 18:18). tamsi {]hmNIt\mSp≈ ssZhnI hmKvZm\amWnXv. tamsisbt∏msebp≈ Hcp {]hmNIs\ C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc∑mcn¬ \n∂v Db¿Øpsa∂mWv hmKv Z m\w. BcmWo {]hmNI≥? tbiphmsW∂v hmZn°s∏Sp∂p≠v . ]pXnb \nba {KŸImc∑mcn¬ Nne¿ tbiphn¬ Cu hmKvZm\w ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏ ´psh∂v hcpØnØo¿°m≥ {ian®n´p≠v. (At∏mkvXe {]hrØnIƒ 3:22˛26 ImWpI). ChnsS

hensbmcp

{]iv\ap≠v.

hmKvZm\Øn¬ 234

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

tamsisbt∏msebp≈ {]hmNIs\°pdn®mWv ]d™ncn°p∂Xv. P\\Øntem PohnXØntem ZuXyØntem PohnXm¥yØns≥d ImcyØntem H∂pw Xs∂ tamsisbt∏msebp≈ {]hmNI≥ F∂p hnfn°s∏Sphm≥ tbip A¿l\s√∂v ]©p]pkvXIßfpw kphntijßfpw Hcp {]mhiyw XmcXayw sNbvXm¬ a\ nemIpw. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ "tamsisbt∏msebp≈ {]hmNI≥' tbiphm Im≥ bmsXmcp \n¿∆mlhpan√.

]pXnb ]cn`mjIfn¬ Cu hN\Øn\v \¬Ip∂ ]cn`mj "C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc∑mcn¬ \n∂v' F∂√, {]XypX "C{kmboey¿°nSbn¬ \n∂v' F∂mWv. The Catholic Living Bible se Cu hN\Øns≥d (Deutronomy 18:18) ]cn`mj ImWpI:

as‰mcp {]iv\w IqSnbp≠v. tbip Hcp C{kmbo¬ {]hmNI\mWv. C{kmbo¬ kapZmbØn¬ P\n®phf¿∂p Pohn® hyIvXn. tamitbmSp≈f ssZhnI hmKv Z m\w C{kmboeycn¬ \n∂v Hcp {]hmNIs\ Ab°psa∂√; C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc∑mcn¬ \n∂v Hcp {]hmNIs\ Ab°psa∂mWv. AXn\m¬ Xs∂ Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØn¬ {]hNn°s∏´ {]hmNI≥ tbiphmbn°qSm. C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc kapZmbßfnteXn¬ \ns∂¶nepw h∂ {]hmNI\mbncn°Ww.

CtX hN\Øn\v Good News Bible \¬Ip∂ ]cn`mj t\m°pI:

kXyØn¬, tamsi {]hmNIt\mSp≈ ssZhn- I hmKv Z m\w ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv aplΩZn(k)emWv. F√m A¿∞Øn epw tamsisbt∏msebp≈ {]hmNI≥ F∂p hnfn°s∏Sm≥ aplΩZv (k) A¿l\mWv . At±lw C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc kapZmbamb Ckvamboeycn¬ (Ad_nIƒ) \n∂p \ntbmKn°s∏´h \pamWv. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ tamitbmSp≈ hmKvZm\w ]q¿ØoIcn °s∏´Xv aplΩZv (k)emsW∂v apkvenwIƒ hmZn°p∂p.* ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑msc Ipg°nbn´p≈ Hcp {]iv\amWnXv. C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc∑mcn¬ \n∂v hcp∂ {]hmNI≥ tbiphmbncn°m\nSbns√∂pw aplΩZm(k)bncn°mt\ \nhrØnbp ≈qsh∂pap≈ kcfamb kXyØn\p apºn¬ apJw Xncn°pI am{XamWv ss{IkvXh ]finX∑m¿ sNøp∂Xv. Cu hn]Xv k \v [ nbn¬ \n∂v c£s∏Sm\msW∂p tXm∂p∂p, * teJIs≥d "ss__nfn¬ {]hNn°s∏´ {]hmNI≥' hmbn°pI.

235

' I will up from among them a prophet an Israeli like you. I will tell him what to say and he shall be my spokesman to the people' (Page 233)

I will send them a prophet like you from among their own people. I will tell him what to say and he will tell the people every thing I command' (Page 189). Cu c ≠ v C w • o j v s s _ _ n ƒ ] X n ∏ p I f p w X m c X t a y \ ] p X n b h b m W v . The Catholic Living Bible B Z y a m b n { ] k n≤ oI c n ° s ∏ ´X v 1 9 7 6 em Wv . Good News Bible s ≥ d {]kn≤oIcWhpw \S∂Xv GItZiw C°meØp Xs∂bmWv . tamsitbmSp≈ ssZhn-I hmKvZm\Øns≥d ]q¿ØoIcWw \S∂Xv C{kmboey\mb tbiphnemsW∂v hcpØnØo¿°p∂Xn\p th≠nbp≈ {iaa√msX as‰m∂pa√ Cu XncpØepIƒ°v ]n∂nep≈Xv . C{kmboeycpsS ktlmZc∑m¿°nSbn¬ \n∂v \ntbmKn°s∏´ {]hmNI≥ aplΩZm(k)sW∂ hmZØn¬ \n∂v c £ s ∏ S p h m \ p ≈ ] g p X p I q S n \ n ¿ a n ° p I b m h m w Cu ss__nfpIfpsS cNbnXm°ƒ sNbvXXv. aqetØmSv tbmPn°p∂ ]cn`mj \¬Inbn´p≈Xv King James Version ¬ BWv. AXnßs\bmWv: I will raise them up a Prophet from among their bretheren, like unto thee, and will put my words in his mouth; and he shall speak unto them all that I shall command him' (Page 228). aebmfw ItØmen°m ss__nfn¬ CXv Cßs\ `mjm¥cw 236

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

sNøs∏´ncn°p∂p. "AhcpsS ktlmZc∑mcpsS CSbn¬ \n∂v \ns∂t∏mep≈ Hcp {]hmNIs\ Rm\h¿°v th≠n Ab°pw. Fs≥d hm°pIƒ Rm≥ Ahs≥d \mhn¬ \nt£]n°pw. Rm≥ I¬]n°p∂sX√mw Ah≥ AhtcmSv ]dbpw' (]pdw 175). Cu hN\ßfn¬ C{kmboeycn¬ \n∂v F∂p tZymXn∏n°p∂ Hcp ]cma¿ihpan√ F∂v hyIvXamWv. Zn ImtØmenIv enhnwKv ss__nfns≥dbpw KpUv \ yqkv ss__nfns≥dbpw cNbnXm°ƒ C{kmboeycn¬ \n∂mWv hcm\ncn°p∂ {]hmNI≥ F∂p hcpØnØo¿°p∂ coXnbn¬ Cu hN\sØ am‰nØncpØpIbmWv sNbvXXv.

Fsk°ntbens≥d XncpØ¬ th Z{ KŸw F ¥n \v t h ≠ n b p ≈ X m Wv ? P\ ß s f s s Z h am¿KØneqsS \bn°m≥ F∂mWv F√mhcpw DØcw ]dbpI. A[m¿anI hrØnIfnte¿s∏SmsX PohnXsØ apt∂m´p \bn°phm≥ a\pjysc ]cym]v X am°pIbmWv thZ{KŸßfpsS [¿aw. F∂m¬ ss__nfnse Nne `mKßƒ Cu s]mXphmb [¿aw ]men°p∂n√. {]hmNI IYIfnse ssewKnI ]cma¿ißƒ Ign™ A[ymbØn¬ \mw N¿® sNbvXpht√m. B IYIfntesX¶nepw a\pjysc [¿a\njvTcm°nØo¿°ptam? AX√, amXrIIfmth≠ {]hmNI∑m¿ t]mepw tXm∂nhmknIfmbncp∂psh∂dnbptºmƒ sX‰p sNøm\p≈ t{]cW IqSpIbt√ sNøpI?

ss__nfnse ]pXnb XncpØepIƒ°v G‰hpw \√ DZmlcWw. Bh¿Ø\w 18:18 from among their brothren BWv icnbmb ]cn`mj. CXv {InkvXphns\°pdn® {]hN\amsW∂v hcpØnXo¿°p∂Xn\p th≠nbmWv from their own people F∂pw an Israeli F∂pw XncpØnbXv.

237

{]hmNI IYIfn¬ A[m¿anIXIƒ Btcm]n°pI am{Xa√ ss__nƒ sNøp∂Xv ; arZpe hnImcßsf C°nfns∏SpØp∂ coXnbnep≈ ]cma¿ißfpw ss__nfnep≠v . Fk°ntbens≥d ]pkv X IØns≥d 23˛mw A[ymbw Ahbn¬ {][m\s∏´XmWv . Htlem, Htlen_m F∂o c≠p ktlmZcnamcpsS ImatIfnIfmWv Cu A[ymbØn¬ hnhcn°p∂Xv. k`yXbpsS F√m AXn¿hcºp Ifpw shSn™ hnhcWßƒ! F°metØbpw ss{IkvXh ]WvUnX ∑m¿°v Cu A[ymbw Hcp XethZ\bmbncp∂p. ssewKnI tIfnIsf 238

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Ezekiel Chapter 23 (King James version ¬ \n∂v ) CXmWv HdnPn\ens≥d bYm¿∞ Cw•ojv ]cn`mj

Fsk°ntb¬ 23˛mw A[ymbw (aebmfw ss__nfn¬ \n∂v) C{Xb[nIw hrØntISpIƒ {]Xn]mZn°s∏´ {KŸw ssZh\nthinXamtWm F∂ tNmZyw ss{IkvXh ]finX∑msc Ipg°p∂p. 239

240

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Ezekiel Chapter 23 (Catholic Living Bible ¬ \n∂v ) HdnPn\en¬ D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ `mj Dt]£n®v \∂m°n AhXcn∏n°phm≥ {ian®ncn°p∂p. ssZh \nthinX hN\w P\ßƒ°v hmbn°phm≥ th≠n \∂mt°≠Xpt≠m?

241

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

Ezekiel Chapter 23 (East to Read Version ¬ \n∂v ) HdnPn\ens≥d `mj Dt]£n®v hrØntISpIƒ ]cma¿in°mØ coXnbn¬ AhXcn∏n°m≥ {ian®ncn°p∂p.

242

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

°pdn®v ]®bmb AhXcWw! CXv bphm°sf hgnsX‰n°psa∂v ]ptcmlnX∑m¿°v a\ nembn. F∂m¬ ssZhhN\at√sb∂p IcpXn Cu hN\Mƒ ss__nfn¬ kwc£n®p t]mcpIbmWp≠mbXv.

]Xn\mev

F∂m¬, ]pXnb ss__nƒ ]cn`mjIfn¬ Cu `mKw ]q¿Wambn Xs∂ XncpØnsbgpXnbncn°pIbmWv. ]®bmb ssewKnI hnhcWßƒ ]q¿WambnØs∂ Hgnhm°nbncn°p∂p. Good News Bible epw The Catholic Living Bible epw Fsk°ntbens≥d ]pkvXIØnse 23˛mw A[ymbw kwkvIc-n®v- AhXcn∏n®ncn °p∂Xv ImWmw. \mw tNmZn°pI. Fsk°ntbens≥d ]pkv X IØnse 23˛mw A[ymbw FgpXs∏´Xv ssZh\nthi\w aqeamtWm? F¶n¬ AXnse ]cma¿ißƒ XncpØp∂Xn∂p th≠n B[p\nI ss__nƒ cNbnXm°ƒ XømdmIp∂sX¥psIm≠mWv ? Ah¿°v shfn]mSv ]pkv X IØnse Xm°oXv _m[Iat√? ss__fns≥d ssZh\n thi\w F∂ hmZhpw ChnsS {]Xn°q´n¬ \n¬°p∂p. Cßs\ Hcp]mSv XncpØepIƒ. Ch ss__nfn¬ hcpØnb am‰ØncpØepIfmWv. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ hna¿in°p∂Xv bYm¿∞ Ønep≈ thZ{KŸßƒ am‰nØncpØnbhscbmWv. ss__nfnse hN\ßƒ am‰nØncpØnbh¿ bYm¿∞thZ{KŸØnse hN\ßfpw XncpØpIbpw sX‰mbn hymJym\n°pIbpw sNbv X n´p≠mhWw. Jp¿B≥ thZw XncpØnbhsc hna¿in°p∂Xv ImWpI. "thZ{KŸØnep≈ A√mlp AhXcn∏n® Imcyßƒ ad®psh°pIbpw, AXn∂p hnebmbn Xp—amb t\´ßƒ t\SnsbSp°pIbpw sNøp∂hcmtcm Ah¿ XßfpsS hbdpIfn¬ Xn∂p\nd°p∂Xv \cIm·nb√msX as‰m∂pa√' (2:174). "C{kmboeytcmSv \o tNmZn®p t\m°pI; hyIv X amb F{X Zrjv S m¥ßfmWv \mw Ah¿°v \¬Inbn´p≈sX∂v . X\n°v A√mlphns≥d A\p{Klw h∂pIn´nbXn∂ptijw h√hcpw AXv am‰pIbmsW¶n¬ Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp I- T n\ambn in£n°p ∂h\mIp∂p' (2:211).

243

XudmØns\bpw

C≥Poen s\bpw a‰p apgph≥ thZ {KŸßsfbpw icnsh®psIm ≠mWv Jp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n° s∏´ncn°p∂Xv.

]q¿hthZßƒ Jp¿B\ns≥d \ne]mSv-

" A h ≥ ( A √ m l p ) Cu t h Z { K Ÿ s Ø a p ≥ t h Z ß s f icnsh°p∂Xmbns°m≠v kXyhpambn \n\°v AhXcn∏n®p X∂ncn°p∂p. a\pjy¿°v am¿KZ¿i\Øn\mbn CXn\p apºv Ah≥ XudmØpw C≥Poepw AhXcn∏n®p. kXymkXyhnthN\Øn\p≈ {]amWhpw Ah≥ AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlphns≥d ZrjvSm¥ßƒ \ntj[n®hcmtcm Ah¿°v ITn\amb in£bmWp≈Xv. A√mlp {]Xm]nbpw in£m\S]Sn kzoIcn°p∂h\pamIp∂p'. (3:3,4) Cu icnsh°¬ thZ{KŸßsf∂ t]cn¬ C∂p \ne\n¬°p∂ {KŸßƒ°p≈ AwKoImca√. {]XypX A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ thZ{KŸßfpsS kXyXbv°p≈ km£yamWv. aqkm \_n(A)°v AhXcn°s∏´ XudmØpw (5:44) ZmhqZv \_n(A)°v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ k_qdpw (17:55) Cukm \_n(A)°v AhXcn°s∏´ C≥Poepw(5:46) kXyk\v[hpw k∑m¿§ \njvTbp≈h¿°v am¿KZ¿i\hpw bYm¿∞ymt\zjI¿°v {]Imihpambncp∂psh∂mWv Jp¿B≥ km£ys∏SpØp∂Xv. Cu 244

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

km£ysamcn°epw Xs∂ aqkm \_n(A)bpsSbpw ZmhqZv \ _ n ( A ) b p s S b p w Cu k m \ _ n ( A ) b p s S b p w t ] c n ¬ a‰mscms°tbm FgpXn {]Ncn∏n® {KŸßƒ°p≈ AwKoImca√. C∂p \nehnep≈ ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßfnsem∂pt]mepw ]q¿Wambn ssZhnIt_m[\ßfpsS ASnkvYm\Øn¬ FgpXs∏´XmsW∂v ]dbm\mhns√∂ hkvXpX apºv N¿® sNøs∏´n´p≠v. AXpsIm≠v Xs∂ ss__nfnse Hcp ]pkvXIsØt∏mepw ]q¿Wambn ssZhn-Isa∂v IcpXn AwKoIcn°phmt\m BZcn°phmt\m apkvenwIƒ _m[ykvYc√.

XudmØv hnip≤ Jp¿B\ns≥d AhXcW ImeL´Øn¬ a°bnepw aZo\bnepw ]cnkc{]tZißfnepap≠mbpcp∂ blqZcpw ss{Ikv X hcpw GsX√mw ss__nƒ {KŸßfmWv Imt\m\mbn AwKoIcn®ncp∂sX∂v JWvUnXambn ]dbm≥ Ignbn√. blqZ¿ C∂sØ ]©]pkvXIßƒ Xs∂bmbncp∂ncn°Ww kzoIcn®n cp∂Xv F∂mWv ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ an°hcpsSbpw A`n{]mbw. F∂m¬ F√m ]pkv X Ißfpw tXmdbmbn AwKoIcn°s∏ń cp∂pthmsb∂ ImcyØn¬ kwibap≠v. C∂v ]©]pkvXIØn¬ ]c∂pInS°p∂ \nbaßfpsS am{Xamb Hcp kamlmcw A∂p \ne\n∂ncn°m\p≈ km[yX \ntj[n°m\mhn√. \nbaßƒ IqSpXembn {]Xn]mZn°s∏ńcn°p∂ Bh¿Ø\]pkvXIambncp∂p BZyImeØv tXmdbmbn ]cnKWn°s∏ńcp∂Xv F∂ hkvXpX 1 CtXmSp tN¿Øphmbn°pI. Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØn¬ {]Xn]mZn°s∏ńcn°p∂ \nbaßfn¬ an°Xpw bYm¿∞ XudmØnep≈XmsW∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. XudmØnen√mØ GsX√mw \nbaßƒ Bh¿Ø\ ]pkv X IØn¬ IS∂pIqSnbn´ps≠\v hyIv X ambn ]dbm\mhn√. Jp¿B\nI \nbaßfpw Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØn¬ {]Xn]mZn°s∏´ \nbaßfpw XΩn¬ kmZriyßtfsdbp≠v. CXn¬ 1. Harper's Bible Dictionary Page 1083- 1084)

245

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

\n∂mWv Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvXIØnse \nbaßfn¬ Iptdsb¶nepw bYm¿∞ XudmØn¬ D≈Xmbncn°Wsa∂ \nKa\Øn¬ \mw FØnt®cp∂Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿B\mIs´, XudmØnep≈ \nbaßƒ A\pkcn®v Pohn°phm\pw hn[n°phm\pamWv blqZtcmSv Bhiys∏Sp∂Xv. "F∂m¬, Ahscßs\bmWv \ns∂ hn[nI¿Ømhm°p∂Xv ? AhcpsS ]°¬ XudmØp≠v . AXnemIs´ A√mlphns≥d hn[nhne°pIfpap≠v. F∂n´v AXn∂p tijhpw Ah¿ ]n¥ncn™pIfbpIbmWv. bYm¿∞Øn¬ Ah¿ hnizmknItf A√. Xo¿®bmbpw \mw Xs∂bmWv XudmØv AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv. AXn¬ am¿KZ¿i\hpw {]Imihpap≠v. (A√mlphn\v) Iogvs]´ {]hmNI∑m¿ blqZ∑m¿°v AXn\\pkcn®v hn[n I¬]n®p t]m∂p. ]pWyhm∑mcpw aX]WvUnX∑mcpw (A{]ImcwXs∂ hn[n I¬]n®ncp∂p) ImcWw, A√mlphns≥d {KŸØns≥d kwc£Ww Ah¿°v G¬]n°s∏´ncp∂p. AhcXn\v km£nIfpambncp∂p. AXn\m¬ \nßƒ P\ßsf t]Sn°msX Fs∂ am{Xw `bs∏SpI, Fs≥d hN\ßƒ Xp—amb hne°v hn‰pIfbmXncn°pI. A√mlp AhXcn∏n®X\pkcn®v B¿ hn[n°p∂n√tbm Ah¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p AhnizmknIƒ (5:43,44). XudmØns≥d BfpIsf∂v AhImis∏Sp∂ blqZ¿ AhcpsS ssIhiaps≠∂v AhImis∏Sp∂ thZ{KŸa\pkcn®v hn[n°Wsa∂mWv ChnsS Jp¿B≥ A\pimkn°p∂Xv. CXn¬ \n∂v A∂v AhcpsS ssIhiap≠mbncp∂ thZ{KŸØn¬ tamsibpsS \nbaßƒ Iptdsb¶nepw D≠mbncp∂psh∂v a\ nem°mw. F∂m¬ A∂p blqZ¿ thZ{KŸambn ]cnKWn®ncp∂ apgph≥ ]pkvXIßsfbpw Jp¿B≥ AwKoIcn®n cn°p∂psh∂v CXn¬ \n∂v Bcpw a\ nem°n°qSmØXmWv . thZ{KŸØns≥d BfpIƒ kz¥w IcßƒsIm≠v ]pkvXIßƒ FgpXnbp≠m°pIbpw Ah ssZhØn¬ \n∂p≈XmsW∂v ]dbpIbpw sNøp∂psh∂pw Nne thZ`mKßƒ ad®psh°pIbpw a‰p Nneh ]n≥`mKtØ°v hens®dnbpIbpw sNøp∂psh∂psa√m ap≈ Jp¿B\nI ]cma¿ißfn¬ \n∂v aplΩZv \_n(A)bpsS 246

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

ImeØn\v apºv Xs∂ XudmØns≥dbpw C≥Poens≥dbpw t]cn¬ a‰p Nne {KŸßsf°qSn ˛kzbw FgpXnbpe≠m°nbh˛ thZ{KŸßfmbn ]cnKWn®ncp∂psh∂pw, km£m¬ thZ {KŸßfn¬ \n∂p ]eXpw \jvSs∏ńcn∂psh∂pw a\ nem°m hp∂XmWv. "thZ°msc \nßsf¥n\mWv kXysØ AkXyhpambn Iqń°e¿ØpIbpw Adn™psIm≠v kXyw ad®psh°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv?' (3:71). "Hcp a\pjy\pw A√mlp bmsXm∂pw AhXcn∏n®p sImSpØnń√ F∂p ]d™ kµ¿`Øn¬ A√mlpsh hnebncptØ≠ apd{]Imcw hnebncpØmXncn°pIbmWv Ah¿ sNbvXXv. F∂m¬ kXy{]Imi ambns°m≠pw a\pjy¿°v am¿KZ¿iIambns°m≠pw aqkm sIm≠p h∂ {KŸw BcmWv AhXcn∏n®Xv?. \nßƒ AXns\ ISemkp Xp≠pIfm°n Nne `mKßƒ shfns∏SpØpIbpw ]eXpw Hfpn®psh°pIbpw sNøp∂p≠t√m. \nßƒt°m \nßfpsS ]nXm°ƒt°m Adnhn√mXncp∂ ]eXpw (B {KŸØneqsS) \nßƒ ]Tn∏n°s∏ń´pap≠v. A√mlphmWv (AXv AhXcn∏n®Xv) F∂p ]dbpI. ]n∂oSv AhcpsS IpX¿°ßfpambn hnfbmSphm≥ Ahsc hnt´°pI' (6:91) "thZ{KŸØnep≈ A√mlp AhXcn∏n® Imcyßƒ ad®psh°pIbpw AXn∂p hnebmbn Xp—amb t\´ßƒ t\SnsbSp°pIbpw sNøp∂hcmtcm Ah¿ XßfpsS hbdpIfn¬ Xn∂p \nd°p∂Xv \cIm·nb√msX as‰m∂pa√. Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬ ]ns≥d \mfn¬ A√mlp AhtcmSv kwkmcn°pItbm (]m]ßfn¬ \n∂v) Ah sc kwi p≤c m°pItbm sN øp Ibn√ . A h ¿ °v thZ\tbdnb in£bp≠mbncn°pIbpw sNøpw'. (2:174) "F∂m¬ kz¥w ssIIƒ sIm≠v {KŸw FgpXnbp≠m°pIbpw F∂n´v AXv A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂v e`n®XmsW∂v ]dbpIbpw sNøp∂h¿°mIp∂p \miw. AXv aptJ\ hneIpd™ t\´ßƒ IckvYam°phm≥ th≠nbmIp∂p (AhcnXv sNøp∂Xv ). AhcpsS 247

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

ssIIƒ FgpXnb hIbnepw Ah¿ kºmZn°p∂ hIbnepw Ah¿°v \miw' (2:79)

C≥Po¬ XudmØn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw hyXykvXamWv C≥Poens≥d kvYnXn. tcJs∏SpØs∏´ ]eIIfmbmWv XudmØv AhXcn∏n°s∏´sX ∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv. "F√m ImcysØ∏‰nbpw \mw At±lØn\v (aqkmbv ° v ) ]eIIfn¬ FgpXns°mSp°pIbpw sNbvXp. AXmbXv kZp]tZihpw F√m ImcysØ∏‰nbp≈ hniZoIcWhpw. (\mw ]d™p:) Ahsb apdpsI ]nSn°pIbpw Ahbnse hfsc \√ Imcyßƒ kzoIcn°m≥ \ns≥d P\XtbmSv I¬]n°pIbpw sNøpI. [n°mcnIfpsS ]m¿∏nSw hgnsb Rm≥ \nßƒ°v ImWn®pXcp∂ XmWv.' (7:145) C≥Po¬ CtXt]mse enJnX ^eIßfmbmWv AhXcn∏n° s∏´Xv F∂Xn\v ss__nfntem Jp¿B\ntem bmsXmcp tcJbpan√. ssZhnIt_m[\w hgnbmbncn°pw C≥Po¬ AhXcn∏n° s∏´sX∂mWv ]WvUnXm`n{]mbw. "k∑m¿K\n¿tZihpw kXy{]ImihpaSßnb C≥Poepw \mw At±lØn\v \¬In.'(5:46) F∂ Jp¿B\nI ]cma¿ihpw ]cnip≤m flmhv {]hpcq]Øn¬ tbiphns≥d ta¬ Cdßp∂Xmbp≈ kphntijßfnse hnhcWhpw tN¿Øp t\m°ptºmƒ aplΩZv \_n(A)°v Jp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°s∏´Xpt]mse Pn_vco¬ (A) FØn®psImSpØ ssZhnIt_m[\ßfpsS kamlmcambncn°Ww C ≥ P o ¬ F ∂ v \ y m b a m b p w Du l n ° m h p ∂ X m W v . Cu k m \_n(A)°v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ C≥Po¬ tcJs∏SpØs∏´Xmbn bmsXmcp sXfnhpan√. tbipthm At∏mkvXe∑mtcm Fs¥¶nepw FgpXnsh®ncn∂psh∂v ]dbm≥ ss__nfns≥d ASnØdbn¬ \n∂psIm≠v Ignbn√. tbip Fs¥¶nepw FgpXp∂Xmbn kqN\ \¬Ip∂ Hcp ss__nƒ hmIyw am{XamWp≈Xv. AXnßs\bmWv, 248

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

"tbiphmIs´, Ip\n™v hnc¬sIm≠v \neØv FgpXns°m≠ncp∂p' (tbml∂m≥ 8:6).- Cu hN\Øn¬ F¥mWv At±lw FgpXnbsX ∂Xns\°pdn®v bmsXmcp kqN\bpan√. F¥pXs∂bmbncp∂mepw \neØmWv FgpXnbXv F∂Xn\m¬ AXv tcJs∏SpØn kq£n°W sa∂ hnNmcan√m-sXbmWv At±lw FgpXnbsX∂pd∏mWv. tbip injy∑mcptSXmbn Fs¥¶nepw cN\Iƒ \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂Xn\v JWvUnXamb Hcp sXfnhpan√. At∏mkvXe\mb aØmbn cNn® tbip hNN\ßfpsS Hcpkamlmcw \ne\n∂ncp∂psh∂v Hcp ]mcºcyaps≠¶nepw AXv kwibmkv]ZamsW∂mWv ]Wv U nX∑mcn¬ NnecpsS A`n{]mbw. Aßs\ D≠mbncp∂p sh¶n¬ Xs∂bpw {]kvXpX tcJ H∂mw \q‰m≠n\n∏pdw \ne\n∂nńs√∂pd∏mWv . AXv hnkv a cn°s∏SpItbm \in∏n° s∏SpItbm sNbvXncn°Ww. Cu hkv X pXIfn¬ \n∂v \ap°v FØnt®cm≥ Ignbp∂Xv C≥Po¬ Cukm \_n(A)bpsS ImetØm tijtam tcJs∏SpØ s∏ńńs√∂ \nKa\ØnemWv. Cukm \_n(A)°v Po_vco¬ (A) F∂ ae°v hgn e`n°p∂ t_m[\ßƒ˛C≥Po¬˛ Xs≥d kaImenIcmb At∏mkv X e∑m¿°pw a‰pw At±lw ]d™p sImSp°pIbpw AhcXv lrZnkvYam°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂psh∂ √ m s X- A h t c J s ∏ S p Ø s ∏ ´ n c p ∂ n √ . a \ p I f n ¬ \ n ∂ v a\ pIfnte°v ]I¿∂ thZ{KŸambncp∂p C≥Po¬. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ H∂p c≠p XeapdIƒ Ign™t∏mƒ C≥Poense D]tZißfn¬ ]eXpw Ah¿ ad∂p. ]utemkns≥d ]ng® D]tZißfpw Xm≥ ]dbp∂XmWv bYm¿∞ kphntijsa∂p≈ AhImihmZhpw Cu adhn°v B°w Iqń. Cu {]NmcWßƒ°nS bn¬ C≥Po¬ sas√ sas√ hnkv a cn°s∏´p. C©o¬ {]Imcw P\ßsf \bn°Wsa∂ ssZhnI I¬]\bn¬ \n∂v tbiphns≥d A\pbmbnIsf∂hImis∏´h¿ _lpZqcw ]ndtIm´pt]mbn. C°mcyØnte°v Jp¿B≥ \¬Ip∂ kqN\ {i≤n°pI. "Rßƒ {InkvXym\nIƒ F∂p ]d™hcn¬ \n∂pw \mw Icmdv hmßpIbp≠mbn. F∂n´v Ah¿°v D¬t_m[\w \¬Is∏´Xn¬ 249

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

\n∂v Hcp `mKw Ah¿ ad∂p If™p. AXn\m¬ Ah¿°nSbn¬ Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬]ns≥d \mƒ htc°pw i{XpXbpw hntZzjhpw \mw Cf°nhn´p. Ah¿ sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂Xns\]‰nsb√mw A√mlp ]n∂oShsc ]d™dnbn°p∂XmWv.' (5:14) aplΩZv \_n(k) bpsS ImeØv Atd_y≥ D]`qJWvU Øn¬ { ] [ m \ a m b p w D ≠ m b n c p ∂ X v s \ k v t X m d n b ≥ (Nestorian) {InkvXym\nIfmbncp∂p. A¥ntbm°nbmbnse Hcp k\ymknbmbn cp∂ s\kvtXmdnbmbpsS A\pbmbnIfmWv s\kvtXmdnb∑m¿. C∂v \ne\n¬°p∂ {Inkv{Xob k`IfpsS hnizmkßfpambn kmcamb sshcp≤yw {]ISn∏n°p\ XXzßfpw BNmcßfpapƒs°m≈p∂ k`bmbncp∂p s\kvtXmdnb≥ k`sb∂Xn\m¬ Ahsc ]mjWv U ∑mcm (heretics)bmWv C∂v ss{Ikv X hk` ]cnKWn °p∂Xv. Ah¿ AwKoIcn®ncp∂ ]pXnb\nba Imt\m≥ GsX√mam bncp∂psh∂v hyIv X ambn Adnbm≥ am¿Kßsfm∂pan√. C∂v At∏m{In^m {KŸßfmbn ]cnKWn®v X≈s∏´ncn°p∂ H∂ne[nIw {KŸßƒ Ah¿ sshZnIßfmbn kzoIcn®ncp∂p sh∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ AXns≥d AhXcW ImeØp≠mbncp∂ GsX¶nepw {InkvXob {KŸßsf ssZhnIsa∂v hntijn∏n°p ∂n√. Ahsb AwKoIcn°pItbm Ahb\pkcn®p Pohn°phm≥ ss{Ikv X htcmSv Blzm\w \SØpItbm sNøp∂Xn\v ]Icw bYm¿∞ C≥Poente°v aSßphm\pw AX\pkcn®v hn[n°phm\p amWv Jp¿B≥ I¬]n°p∂Xv. "C≥Poens≥d A\pbmbnIƒ, A√mlp AXn¬ AhXcn∏n®X \pkcn®v hn[n I¬]n°s´. A√mlp AhXcn∏n®X\pkcn®v B¿ hn[n I¬]n°p∂n√tbm Ah¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p [n°mcnIƒ'. (Jp¿B≥ 5:47) Cu Jp¿B≥ hmIyw A∂v \ne\n∂ncp∂ GsX¶nepsamcp {InkvXob {KŸsØ AwKoIcn°pItbm AX\pkcn®v hn[n°phm≥ I¬]n°pItbm sNøp∂Xn\v ]Icw A√mlp 250

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

AhXcn∏n® C≥Poe\pkcn®v hn[n°m\mWv Blzm\w sNøp∂sX∂ Imcyw {]tXyIw {it≤bamWv . GXv C≥Poe\p kcn®mWv hn[nt°≠Xv F∂ Icyw Cu kqIv X Øn\v sXm´p apºnep≈ kqIvXw hyIvXam°pIbpw sNøp∂p≠v. "k∑m¿K \n¿tZihpw kXy{]ImihpaSßnb C≥Poepw \mw At±lØn\v \¬In. AXns≥d apºnep≈ XudmØns≥d icnsh°p∂Xpw kq£vaX ]men°p∂h¿°v am¿KZ¿\hpw kZp]tZihpas{X AXv.' (5:46) Cukm \_n(A)°v A√mlp AhXcn∏n® C≥Po¬ A\pkcn®v hn[n°phm\mWv Jp¿B≥ C≥Poens≥d A\pbmbnIsf∂v AhImis∏Sp∂htcmSv A`y¿∞n°p∂sX∂v CXn¬ \n∂v kpXcmw hyIvXamWv.

thZ{KŸw hnIeam°nbh¿ thZ°msc∂v AhImis∏Sp∂h¿ ssZhnI{KŸsØ hnIeam°pIbpw kzbwIrX cN\Iƒ ssZhnIßfmsW∂v ]cnNbs∏SpØpIbpw sNøp∂hcmsW∂ hkvXpX Jp¿B\n¬ ]e {]mhiyw ]d™n´p≠v. C°mcyØnte°v shfn®w hoip∂ Jp¿B≥ kpIvXßƒ \tS \mw N¿® sNbvXp Ign™XmWv. Nne kqIvXßƒ ImWpI: "thZ{KŸw \¬Is∏´htcmSv \nßfXv P\ßƒ°v hnhcn®psImSp°Wsa∂pw \nßfXv ad®psh°cpsX∂pw A√mlp Icm¿ hmßnb kµ¿`w. F∂n´v AhcXv ]pdtIm´v hens®dnbpIbpw Xp—amb hne°v AXv hn‰p IfbpIbpamWv sNbvXXv. Ah¿ ]Icw hmßp∂Xv hfsc NoØ Xs∂' (3:187) "thZ{KŸØnse hmNIssienIƒ hfs®mSn°p∂ Nnecpw AhcpsS Iq´Ønep≠v. AXv thZ{KŸØn¬ s]´XmsW∂v \nßƒ [cn°phm≥ th≠nbmWXv . AXv thZ{KŸØep≈X√. Ah¿ ]dbpw. AXv A√mlphns‚- ]°¬ \n∂p≈XmsW∂v. F∂m¬ AXv A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂p≈X√. Ah¿ Adn™psIm≠v A√mlphns≥d 251

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

t]cn¬ I≈w ]dbpIbmWv.' (3:78) "\mw AhXcn∏n® sXfnhpIfpw am¿KZ¿i\hpw thZ {KŸØneqsS P\ßƒ°p \mw hniZam°ns°mSpØXn∂p tijw ad®psh°p∂hcmtcm Ahsc A√mlp i]n°p∂XmWv. i]n°p∂hscms°bpw Ahsc i]n°p∂XmWv.' (2:159) hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ AXns≥d AhXcWImeØp \ne\n∂ncp∂ blqZ {KŸßsftbm ss{Ikvh {KŸßstbm AwKoIcn°pIb√, {]XypX aqkm \_n°v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ XudmØns≥dbpw Cukm \_n°v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ C≥Poens≥dbpw ZmhqZv \_n°v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ k_qdns≥dbpw kXyX°v km£yw hln°pIbpw B {KŸßfnse \nbaßf\pkcn®v Pohn°phm≥ thZ°mtcmSv Blzm\w \SØpIbpamWv sNøp∂Xv . A√mlp AhXcn∏n® km£m¬thZa\pkcn®v hn[n°p°bpw Pohn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xphsc Xßƒ thZ°mcmsW∂ AhImihmZØn\v bmsXmcp ASnkvYm\hpans√∂ hkvXpXbnte°v blqZ ss{IkvXhcpsS {i≤ £Wn°p∂ Jp¿B≥ kqIvXw t\m°pI: "]dbpI: thZ°mtc, XudmØpw C≥Poepw \nßƒ°v \nßfpsS c£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂hXcn∏n°s∏´ ktµißfpw \nßƒ (t\cmwhÆw) \ne\n¿Øp∂Xphsc \nßƒ bmsXmcp ASnkvYm\Ønepa√' (5:68) Cu kqIv X Øn¬ {]tbmKn°s∏´ncn°p∂ "AJma' F∂ {Inbm[mXphn\v "t\scbm°n', "Ah{Ihpw A\yq\hpam°n' Fs∂ms°bmW¿∞w. am‰ØncpØepIfpw h{IoIcWßfpw a\pjy\n¿anX hmIyßfpsamgnhm°n thZ{KŸØns≥d bYm¿∞ AhIminIfmbn Adnbs∏Sphm≥ thZ°m¿ A\¿lcmsW∂ hkv X pXbmWv ChnsS Jp¿B≥ hyIv X am°p∂Xv . bYm¿∞ cq]Øn¬ ˛AhXcn∏n°s∏´Xpt]mse˛ Ah{Ihpw ssIISØ epIfn¬ \n∂v apIvXhpambn thZ{KŸßƒ \ne\n¿Ønbncp∂p sh¶n¬ ssZhnIamb A\p{Klßƒ°v thZ°m¿ A¿lamIpam bncp∂psh∂v hyIvXam°p∂ Jp¿B≥ kqIvXw ImWpI: 252

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

"XudmØpw C≥Poepw Ah¿°v AhcpsS c£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ ktµißfpw Ah¿ t\cmwhÆw \ne\n¿Ønbncp ∂psh¶n¬ XßfpsS apIƒ`mKØp\n∂pw ImepIƒ°v Nph´n¬ \n∂pw Ah¿°v Blmcw e`n°pambncp∂p' (5:66)

*****

253

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ

REFERENCES Catechism of the Catholic Church (Bangalore -1994) Catholic Living Bible (U.S.A -1996) Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics (T&T Clark -Edinburgh) Good News Bible Dictionary (Bangalore -1994) Herbert-W-Armstrong: What is the Trre Gospel (America- 1972) Holy Bible- King James Version (U.S.A -1978) Holy Bible -Revised Standard Version (Nashville-1971) Iskander Jadeed: The Textual History of the Quran and th Bible (Austia -1988) Josh Mc Dowell & John GilChrist : The Islam Debate (California) New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (New York -1984) Raymond-E-Brown: Responses to 101 Questions on the Bible (Bombay -1993) The Encyclopedia of Religion (Macmillen -New York) The New Jerome Biblical Commentary (Bangalore -1994) The New Jerusalem Bible (Bombay -1993) The Family Devotional Study Bible (Madras -1990) The New American Bible (Nashville -1979) William Barclay : The Daily Study Bible (Bangalore -1993) Zachariah Butrus: God is One in the Holy Trinity (Switzerland) ]n.‰n.Ipcphnf: ss__nƒ \q‰m≠pIfneqsS (tIm´bw ˛1971) dh:F.kn.s¢bn‰¨: ss__nƒ \nL≠p (Xncph√ ˛1991) tUm.tPmk^v tIm´bv°¬: ss__nƒ {]iv\ßƒ (tIm´bw ˛1990) ]©{KŸØn\v Hcp hymJym\w (tIm´bw ˛1994) ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w: hnizmkØns≥d thcpIƒ (Xet»cn ˛1990) Un.kn.^vsfanwKv: ss__nƒ `mjyw (sk°¥dm_mZv ˛1993) ss__nƒ (tIcf ImØenIv _nj]vkv Iu¨kn¬ ˛sIm®n˛ 1994) aebmfw ss__nƒ (Hmim\ ˛]me˛1994) kXythZ ]pkvXIw (ss__nƒ skmssk‰n Hm^v C¥y, _mw•q¿˛1984) ]vioØm hnip≤ {KŸw (hShmXq¿ skan\mcn, tIm´bw˛1987) ^m≠¿.kn.Pn: aokm\p¬ lJv hm: 1˛3 (at©cn˛1990) ^mZ¿: t]mƒ atdm°n: aXhpw imkv{Xhpw (tIm´bw) ss__nƒ hn⁄m\tImiw (tIm´bw ˛1995) aplΩZv Aam\n: hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ hnhcWw hm: 1˛4(tImgnt°mSv˛1989) tUm.H.Fw.imapth¬, tUm.tPm¨k¨.kn.^nen∏v, jn_p.sI.t]mƒ, k\ojv sNdnbm≥: kºq¿W ssZhimkv{Xw (Xncph√ 1997) Fw.hn.tXmakv: XncphN\ kw{Klw (Xncph√ ˛ 1996) B¿.IrjvW≥Ip´n: ss{IkvXh˛Ckvemw kwhmZw (]Ø\wXn´˛2000)

254

ss__nfns≥d ssZhnIX

Iq-Sp-X-e-dn-b-m≥-:U-b-d-Iv-S¿\n-®v- Hm-^v- {Sq-ØvI-em-`h≥- tdm-UvsIm-®n≥- ˛ 682 018 t^m¨-:- 0484 ˛ 2367810,- 2352421 ^-m-Iv-kv-:- 0484 ˛ 2380746 Website: www.nicheoftruth.org E-mail: islam@nicheoftruth.org

hna¿i\ßƒ hkvXpXIƒ